[3.12] gh-108682: [Enum] raise TypeError if super().__new__ called in custom __new__...

[3.12] gh-108682: [Enum] raise TypeError if super().__new__ called in custom __new__ (GH-108704) (#108733)

gh-108682: [Enum] raise TypeError if super().__new__ called in custom __new__ (GH-108704)

When overriding the `__new__` method of an enum, the underlying data type should be created directly; i.e. .

    member = object.__new__(cls)
    member = int.__new__(cls, value)
    member = str.__new__(cls, value)

Calling `super().__new__()` finds the lookup version of `Enum.__new__`, and will now raise an exception when detected.
(cherry picked from commit d48760b2f1e28dd3c1a35721939f400a8ab619b8)

Co-authored-by: Ethan Furman <ethan@stoneleaf.us>