Teach planner to expand sufficiently simple SQL-language functions

Teach planner to expand sufficiently simple SQL-language functions
('SELECT expression') inline, like macros, during the constant-folding
phase of planning.  The actual expansion is not difficult, but checking
that we're not changing the semantics of the call turns out to be more
subtle than one might think; in particular must pay attention to
permissions issues, strictness, and volatility.