Refactor subtype field of AlterDomainStmt

Refactor subtype field of AlterDomainStmt

AlterDomainStmt.subtype used characters for its subtypes of commands,
SET|DROP DEFAULT|NOT NULL and ADD|DROP|VALIDATE CONSTRAINT, which were
hardcoded in a couple of places of the code.  The code is improved by
using an enum instead, with the same character values as the original
code.

Note that the field was documented in parsenodes.h and that it forgot to
mention 'V' (VALIDATE CONSTRAINT).

Author: Quan Zongliang <quanzongliang@yeah.net>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Reviewed-by: wenhui qiu <qiuwenhuifx@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tender Wang <tndrwang@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/41ff310b-16bd-44b9-a3ef-97e20f14b709@yeah.net