Documentation: describe MIDX-based bitmaps

Documentation: describe MIDX-based bitmaps

Update the technical documentation to describe the multi-pack bitmap
format. This patch merely introduces the new format, and describes its
high-level ideas. Git does not yet know how to read nor write these
multi-pack variants, and so the subsequent patches will:

  - Introduce code to interpret multi-pack bitmaps, according to this
    document.

  - Then, introduce code to write multi-pack bitmaps from the 'git
    multi-pack-index write' sub-command.

Finally, the implementation will gain tests in subsequent patches (as
opposed to inline with the patch teaching Git how to write multi-pack
bitmaps) to avoid a cyclic dependency.

Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>