bpo-37936: Avoid ignoring files that we actually do track. (GH-15451) (GH-15748)

bpo-37936: Avoid ignoring files that we actually do track. (GH-15451) (GH-15748)

There were about 14 files that are actually in the repo but that are
covered by the rules in .gitignore.

Git itself takes no notice of what .gitignore says about files that
it's already tracking... but the discrepancy can be confusing to a
human that adds a new file unexpectedly covered by these rules, as
well as to non-Git software that looks at .gitignore but doesn't
implement this wrinkle in its semantics.  (E.g., `rg`.)

Several of these are from rules that apply more broadly than
intended: for example, `Makefile` applies to `Doc/Makefile` and
`Tools/freeze/test/Makefile`, whereas `/Makefile` means only the
`Makefile` at the repo's root.

https://bugs.python.org/issue37936
(cherry picked from commit 5e5e9515029f70836003a8cfb30433166fcc8db7)

Authored-by: Greg Price <gnprice@gmail.com>