Add support for invoking parser callback hooks via SPI and in cached plans.

Add support for invoking parser callback hooks via SPI and in cached plans.

As proof of concept, modify plpgsql to use the hooks.  plpgsql is still
inserting $n symbols textually, but the "back end" of the parsing process now
goes through the ParamRef hook instead of using a fixed parameter-type array,
and then execution only fetches actually-referenced parameters, using a hook
added to ParamListInfo.

Although there's a lot left to be done in plpgsql, this already cures the
"if (TG_OP = 'INSERT' and NEW.foo ...)"  problem, as illustrated by the
changed regression test.