libstdc++: Reduce header dependencies for C++20 std::erase [PR92546]

libstdc++: Reduce header dependencies for C++20 std::erase [PR92546]

This reduces the preprocessed size of <deque>, <string> and <vector> by
not including <bits/stl_algo.h> for std::remove and std::remove_if.

Also unwrap iterators using __niter_base, to avoid redundant debug mode
checks.

	PR libstdc++/92546
	* include/bits/erase_if.h (__erase_nodes_if): Use __niter_base to
	unwrap debug iterators.
	* include/bits/refwrap.h: Do not error if included in C++03.
	* include/bits/stl_algo.h (__remove_if): Move to ...
	* include/bits/stl_algobase.h (__remove_if): ... here.
	* include/std/deque (erase, erase_if): Use __remove_if instead of
	remove and remove_if.
	* include/std/string (erase, erase_if): Likewise.
	* include/std/vector (erase, erase_if): Likewise.