bpo-37205: time.time() cannot fail with fatal error (GH-23314)

bpo-37205: time.time() cannot fail with fatal error (GH-23314)

time.time(), time.perf_counter() and time.monotonic() functions can
no longer fail with a Python fatal error, instead raise a regular
Python exception on failure.

Remove _PyTime_Init(): don't check system, monotonic and perf counter
clocks at startup anymore.

On error, _PyTime_GetSystemClock(), _PyTime_GetMonotonicClock() and
_PyTime_GetPerfCounter() now silently ignore the error and return 0.
They cannot fail with a Python fatal error anymore.

Add py_mach_timebase_info() and win_perf_counter_frequency()
sub-functions.