bcachefs: Use KEY_TYPE_deleted whitouts for extents

bcachefs: Use KEY_TYPE_deleted whitouts for extents

Previously, partial overwrites of existing extents were handled
implicitly by the btree code; when reading in a btree node, we'd do a
mergesort of the different bsets and detect and fix partially
overlapping extents during that mergesort.

That approach won't work with snapshots: this changes extents to work
like regular keys as far as the btree code is concerned, where a 0 size
KEY_TYPE_deleted whiteout will completely overwrite an existing extent.

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>