GH-113528: Deoptimise `pathlib._abc.PurePathBase` (#113559)

GH-113528: Deoptimise `pathlib._abc.PurePathBase` (#113559)

Apply pathlib's normalization and performance tuning in `pathlib.PurePath`, but not `pathlib._abc.PurePathBase`.

With this change, the pathlib ABCs do not normalize away alternate path separators, empty segments, or dot segments. A single string given to the initialiser will round-trip by default, i.e. `str(PurePathBase(my_string)) == my_string`. Implementors can set their own path domain-specific normalization scheme by overriding `__str__()`

Eliminating path normalization makes maintaining and caching the path's parts and string representation both optional and not very useful, so this commit moves the `_drv`, `_root`, `_tail_cached` and `_str` slots from `PurePathBase` to `PurePath`. Only `_raw_paths` and `_resolving` slots remain in `PurePathBase`. This frees the ABCs from the burden of some of pathlib's hardest-to-understand code.