[3.15] gh-149079: Fix O(n^2) canonical ordering in unicodedata.normalize() (GH-149080...

[3.15] gh-149079: Fix O(n^2) canonical ordering in unicodedata.normalize() (GH-149080) (#150776)

Replace the insertion sort used for canonical ordering of combining
characters with a hybrid approach: insertion sort for short runs (< 20)
and counting sort for longer runs, reducing worst-case complexity from
O(n^2) to O(n). This prevents denial of service via crafted Unicode
strings with many combining characters in alternating CCC order.
(cherry picked from commit 991224b1e8311c85f198f6dd8208bf8cff7fc26f)

Co-authored-by: Seth Larson <seth@python.org>
Co-authored-by: ch4n3-yoon <ch4n3.yoon@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Seokchan Yoon <13852925+ch4n3-yoon@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Stan Ulbrych <stan@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Bénédikt Tran <10796600+picnixz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <encukou@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Maurycy Pawłowski-Wieroński <maurycy@maurycy.com>