Issue #23836: Fix the faulthandler module to handle reentrant calls

Issue #23836: Fix the faulthandler module to handle reentrant calls
to its signal handlers.

Use also _Py_write_noraise() instead of write() to retry write() if it is
interrupted by a signal (fail with EINTR).

faulthandler.dump_traceback() also calls PyErr_CheckSignals() to call the
Python signal handler if a signal was received.