timekeeping: Add clocksource read_snapshot() method and hw_cycles to snapshot

timekeeping: Add clocksource read_snapshot() method and hw_cycles to snapshot

Add a read_snapshot() callback to struct clocksource which returns the
derived clocksource value while also providing the underlying hardware
counter reading and the related clocksource ID.

This allows ktime_get_snapshot_id() to populate new hw_cycles and hw_csid
fields in struct system_time_snapshot.

For clocksources that are derived from an underlying counter (e.g., Hyper-V
TSC page scales TSC to 10MHz, kvmclock scales TSC to 1GHz), this provides
atomic access to both the derived value needed for timekeeping
calculations, and the raw hardware counter needed by consumers like KVM's
master clock and the vmclock PTP driver.

[ tglx: Reworked it slightly ]

Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Keller <jacob.e.keller@intel.com>
Assisted-by: Kiro:claude-opus-4.6-1m
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260526230635.136914-1-dwmw2@infradead.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260529195558.202568489@kernel.org