libsanitizer: Move language level from gnu++14 to gnu++17
While compiling libsanitizer for aarch64-linux-gnu, I noticed the new warning:
```
../../../../libsanitizer/asan/asan_interceptors.cpp: In function ‘char* ___interceptor_strcpy(char*, const char*)’:
../../../../libsanitizer/asan/asan_interceptors.cpp:554:6: warning: ‘if constexpr’ only available with ‘-std=c++17’ or ‘-std=gnu++17’ [-Wc++17-extensions]
554 | if constexpr (SANITIZER_APPLE) {
| ^~~~~~~~~
```
So compile-rt upstream compiles this as gnu++17 (the current defualt for clang), so let's update it
to be similar.