Issue #25179: Preparatory cleanup of existing docs on string formatting

Issue #25179: Preparatory cleanup of existing docs on string formatting

* Various sections were pointing to the section on the string.Formatter
  class, when the section on the common format string syntax is probably more
  appropriate
* Fix references to various format() functions and methods
* Nested replacement fields may contain conversions and format specifiers,
  and this is tested; see Issue #19729 for instance