bpo-33185: Fix regression in pydoc CLI sys.path handling (GH-6419)

bpo-33185: Fix regression in pydoc CLI sys.path handling (GH-6419)

The pydoc CLI assumed -m pydoc would add the empty string
to sys.path, and hence got confused when it switched to
adding the full initial working directory instead.

This refactors the pydoc CLI path manipulation to be
more testable, and ensures it won't accidentally
remove the standard library directory containing
pydoc itself from sys.path.
(cherry picked from commit 82a948105920100ca2ec5c2340bc3890adcfe778)

Co-authored-by: Nick Coghlan <ncoghlan@gmail.com>