[3.13] gh-120158: Fix inconsistent monitoring state when setting events too frequentl...

[3.13] gh-120158: Fix inconsistent monitoring state when setting events too frequently (gh-141845) (gh-141880)

If we overflowed the global version counter (i.e., after 2*24 calls to
`_PyMonitoring_SetEvents`), we bailed out after setting global monitoring
events but before instrumenting code objects, which led to assertion errors
later on.

Also add a `time.sleep()` to `test_free_threading.test_monitoring` to avoid
overflowing the global version counter.
(cherry picked from commit e457d60daafe66534283e0f79c81517634408e57)