gh-112050: Make collections.deque thread-safe in free-threaded builds (#113830)

gh-112050: Make collections.deque thread-safe in free-threaded builds (#113830)

Use critical sections to make deque methods that operate on mutable
state thread-safe when the GIL is disabled. This is mostly accomplished
by using the @critical_section Argument Clinic directive, though there
are a few places where this was not possible and critical sections had
to be manually acquired/released.