backup: qemu: Add helper API for looking up node name
Qemu bitmap operations require knowing the node name associated with
the format layer (the qcow2 file); as upcoming patches will be
grabbing that information frequently, make a helper function to access
it.
Another potential benefit of this function is that we have a single
place where we could insert a QMP node-name scraping call if we don't
currently know the node name, when -blockdev is not supported;
however, the goal is that we hopefully don't ever have to do that
because we instead scrape node names only at the point where they
change.