Implement functionality for direct use of composite signature algorithms

Implement functionality for direct use of composite signature algorithms

The following API groups are extended with a new init function, as well
as an update and final function, to allow the use of explicitly fetched
signature implementations for any composite signature algorithm, like
"sha1WithRSAEncryption":

- EVP_PKEY_sign
- EVP_PKEY_verify
- EVP_PKEY_verify_recover

To support this, providers are required to add a few new functions, not
the least one that declares what key types an signature implementation
supports.

While at this, the validity check in evp_signature_from_algorithm() is
also refactored; the SIGNATURE provider functionality is too complex for
counters.  It's better, or at least more readable, to check function
combinations.

Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/23416)