[3.13] Doc: Add a single table as summary to math documentation (GH-125810) (GH-126308)

[3.13] Doc: Add a single table as summary to math documentation (GH-125810) (GH-126308)

Doc: Add a single table as summary to math documentation (GH-125810)

* Summary for math module with separate tables

* Forgot remainder description

* Single table

* data instead of func

* Add arguments in the table

* Fix inconsistencies in pow documentation

* Remove full stops from the table

* Fix math.pow link

* Fix spacing

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(cherry picked from commit 74cf5967f345f944f1c308e5e30fee21b438eb6c)

Co-authored-by: Joseph Martinot-Lagarde <contrebasse@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>