[CircleCI] Fix short-tests-0

[CircleCI] Fix short-tests-0

short-tests-0 were silently failing. I think because of the && make clean construction. Switch to ; instead.

Also fix all the test failures that were exposed.

`make all` is failing on CircleCI because it is missing Docker. Move that test
to GitHub actions, and switch the pedantic CircleCI test to `make allmost`.