Apache HTTP Server 2.0 Documentation Status File.
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head><!--
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+ --><title>Glossary - Apache HTTP Server</title><link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /><link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /><link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head><body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"><p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p><p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p><img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div><div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div><div id="path"><a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.0</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Glossary</h1>
+<p>This glossary defines some of the common terminology related to
+Apache in particular, and web serving in general. More information
+on each concept is provided in the links.</p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions">Definitions</a></h2>
+
+<dl>
+<dt><a name="authentication">Authentication</a></dt> <dd>The positive
+identification of a network entity such as a server, a client, or a
+user.<br /> See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access
+Control</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="accesscontrol">Access Control</a></dt>
+<dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In an Apache context
+ usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.<br />
+See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access
+Control</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="apacheextensiontool">APache eXtension Tool</a> <a name="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt> <dd>A perl script that aids in compiling <a href="#module">module</a> sources into Dynamic Shared Objects (<a href="#dso">DSO</a>s) and helps install them in the Apache Web
+server.<br /> See: <a href="programs/apxs.html">Manual Page: apxs</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="certificate">Certificate</a></dt>
+<dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such
+ as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces
+ about its owner (called the subject) and the signing <em>Certificate
+ Authority</em> (called the issuer), plus the owner's public key and the
+ signature made by the CA. Network entities verify these signatures using
+ CA certificates.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a> <a name="ca">(CA)</a></dt> <dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to
+sign certificates for network entities it has authenticated using
+secure means. Other network entities can check the signature to verify
+that a CA has authenticated the bearer of a certificate.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a>
+<a name="csr">(CSR)</a></dt> <dd>An unsigned certificate for
+submission to a <em>Certification Authority</em>, which signs it with
+the <em>Private Key</em> of their CA <em>Certificate</em>. Once the
+CSR is signed, it becomes a real certificate.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+
+<dt><a name="cipher">Cipher</a></dt> <dd>An algorithm or system for
+data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4, etc.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="ciphertext">Ciphertext</a></dt> <dd>The result after <a href="#plaintext">Plaintext</a> is passed through a <a href="#cipher">Cipher</a>.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS
+Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="commongatewayinterface">Common Gateway Interface</a> <a name="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt> <dd>A standard definition for an interface
+between a web server and an external program that allows the external
+program to service requests. The interface was originally defined by
+<a href="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/overview.html">NCSA</a> but
+there is also an <a href="http://cgi-spec.golux.com/">RFC
+project</a>.<br />
+See: <a href="howto/cgi.html">Dynamic Content with CGI</a></dd>
+
+
+<dt><a name="configurationdirective">Configuration Directive</a></dt>
+<dd>See: <a href="#directive">Directive</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="configurationfile">Configuration File</a></dt>
+<dd>A text file containing <a href="#directive">Directives</a>
+that control the configuration of Apache.<br />
+See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="connect">CONNECT</a></dt> <dd>An HTTP <a href="#method">method</a> for proxying raw data channels over HTTP. It
+can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as the SSL
+protocol.</dd>
+
+<dt><a name="context">Context</a></dt> <dd>An area in the <a href="configurationfile">configuration files</a> where certain types
+of <a href="directive">directives</a> are allowed.<br /> See: <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Terms
+Used to Describe Apache Directives</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="digitalsignature">Digital Signature</a></dt>
+<dd>An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A
+ <em>Certification Authority</em> creates a signature by generating a
+ hash of the <em>Public Key</em> embedded in a <em>Certificate</em>, then
+ encrypting the hash with its own <em>Private Key</em>. Only the CA's
+ public key can decrypt the signature, verifying that the CA has
+ authenticated the network entity that owns the <em>Certificate</em>.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="directive">Directive</a></dt> <dd>A configuration command
+that controls one or more aspects of Apache's behavior. Directives
+are placed in the <a href="#configurationfile">Configuration
+File</a><br /> See: <a href="mod/directives.html">Directive
+Index</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject">Dynamic Shared Object</a> <a name="dso">(DSO)</a></dt> <dd><a href="#module">Modules</a> compiled
+seperately from the Apache httpd binary that can be loaded on-demand.<br />
+See: <a href="dso.html">Dynamic Shared Object Support</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="environmentvariable">Environment Variable</a> <a name="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt>
+<dd>Named variables managed by the operating system shell
+and used to store information and communicate between programs. Apache also
+contains internal variables that are referred to as environment variables,
+but are stored in internal Apache structures, rather than in the
+shell environment.<br />
+See: <a href="env.html">Environment Variables in Apache</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="export-crippled">Export-Crippled</a></dt>
+<dd>Diminished in cryptographic strength (and security) in order to comply
+ with the United States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
+ Export-crippled cryptographic software is limited to a small key size,
+ resulting in <em>Ciphertext</em> which usually can be decrypted by brute
+ force.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="filter">Filter</a></dt> <dd>A process that is applied to
+data that is sent or received by the server. Input filters process
+data sent by the client to the server, while output filters process
+documents on the server before they are sent to the client. For
+examle, the <code>INCLUDES</code> output filter processes documents
+for <a href="#ssi">Server Side Includes</a>.<br /> See: <a href="filter.html">Filters</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Fully-Qualified
+Domain-Name</a> <a name="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt> <dd>The unique name of
+a network entity, consisting of a hostname and a domain name that can
+resolve to an IP address. For example, <code>www</code> is a hostname,
+<code>whatever.com</code> is a domain name, and
+<code>www.whatever.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name.<br /><br /></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="handler">Handler</a></dt> <dd>An internal Apache
+representation of the action to be performed when a file is
+called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file
+type. Normally, all files are simply served by the server, but certain
+file types are "handled" separately. For example, the
+<code>cgi-script</code> handler designates files to be processed as <a href="#cgi">CGIs</a>.<br />
+See: <a href="handler.html">Apache's Handler Use</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="header">Header</a></dt>
+<dd>The part of the <a href="#http">HTTP</a> request and response that
+is sent before the actual content, and that contains meta-information
+describing the content.</dd>
+
+<dt><a name=".htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> <dd>A <a href="#configurationfile">configuration file</a> that is placed inside
+the web tree and applies configuration <a href="#directive">directives</a> to the directory where it is placed
+and all sub-directories. Despite its name, this file can hold almost
+any type of directive, not just access-control directives.<br />
+See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt>
+<dd>The main Apache <a href="#configurationfile">configuration file</a>.
+The default location is <code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>,
+but it may be moved using run-time or compile-time configuration.<br />
+See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer
+Protocol</a> <a name="http">(HTTP)</a></dt> <dd>The standard
+transmission protocol used on the World Wide Web. Apache implements
+version 1.1 of the protocol, refered to as HTTP/1.1 and defined by <a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>.<br /><br /></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="https">HTTPS</a></dt>
+<dd>The HyperText Transport Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted
+ communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP
+ over <a name="ssl">SSL</a>.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="method">Method</a></dt> <dd>In the context of <a href="#http">HTTP</a>, an action to perform on a resource, specified
+on the request line by the client. Some of the methods available in
+HTTP are <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>, and <code>PUT</code>.<br /><br /></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="messagedigest">Message Digest</a></dt>
+<dd>A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of
+ the message have not been altered in transit.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="mime-type">MIME-type</a></dt> <dd>A way to describe the
+kind of document being transmitted. Its name comes from that fact
+that its format is borrowed from the Multipurpose Internet Mail
+Extensions. It consists of a major type and a minor type, separated
+by a slash. Some examples are <code>text/html</code>,
+<code>image/gif</code>, and <code>application/octet-stream</code>. In
+HTTP, the MIME-type is transmitted in the <code>Content-Type</code> <a href="#header">header</a>.<br /> See: <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="module">Module</a></dt> <dd>An independent part of a
+program. Much of Apache's functionality is contained in modules that
+you can choose to include or exclude. Modules that are compiled into
+the the Apache httpd binary are called <em>static modules</em>, while
+modules that are stored seperately and can be optionally loaded at
+run-time are called <em>dynamic modules</em> or <a href="#dso">DSOs</a>. Modules that are included by default are called
+<em>base modules</em>. Many modules are available for Apache that are
+not distributed as part of the Apache HTTP Server <a href="#tarball">tarball</a>. These are referred to as <em>third-party
+modules</em>.<br />
+See: <a href="mod/">Module Index</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt>
+<dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS<br />
+ see <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt> <dd>The word or phrase
+that protects private key files. It prevents unauthorized users from
+encrypting them. Usually it's just the secret encryption/decryption
+key used for <a name="cipher">Ciphers</a>.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="plaintext">Plaintext</a></dt>
+<dd>The unencrypted text.</dd>
+
+<dt><a name="privatekey">Private Key</a></dt> <dd>The secret key in a
+<a name="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a> system,
+used to decrypt incoming messages and sign outgoing ones.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="proxy">Proxy</a></dt> <dd>An intermediate server that
+sits between the client and the <em>origin server</em>. It accepts
+requests from clients, transmits those requests on to the origin
+server, and then returns the response from the origin server to the
+client. If several clients request the same content, the proxy
+can deliver that content from its cache, rather than requesting it
+from the origin server each time, thereby reducing response time.<br />
+See: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="publickey">Public Key</a></dt> <dd>The publically
+available key in a <a name="publickeycryptography">Public Key
+Cryptography</a> system, used to encrypt messages bound for its owner
+and to decrypt signatures made by its owner.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a></dt>
+<dd>The study and application of asymmetric encryption systems, which
+use one key for encryption and another for decryption. A corresponding
+pair of such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric
+Crypography.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="regularexpresion">Regular Expression</a> <a name="regex">(Regex)</a></dt> <dd>A way of
+describing a pattern in text - for example, "all the words that begin with the
+letter A" or "every 10-digit phone number" or even "Every sentence
+with two commas in it, and no capital letter Q". Regular expressions
+are useful in Apache because they let you apply certain
+attributes against collections of files or resources in very flexible
+ways - for example, all .gif and .jpg files under any "images"
+directory could be written as "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>".
+Apache uses Perl Compatible Regular Expressions provided by the
+<a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a> library.</dd>
+
+<dt><a name="reverseproxy">Reverse Proxy</a></dt> <dd>A <a href="#proxy">proxy</a> server that appears to the client as if it is
+an <em>origin server</em>. This is useful to hide the real origin
+server from the client for security reasons, or to load balance.<br /><br /></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets Layer</a> <a name="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt> <dd>A protocol created by Netscape
+Communications Corporation for general communication authentication
+and encryption over TCP/IP networks. The most popular usage is
+<em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) over SSL.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="serversideincludes">Server Side Includes</a> <a name="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt> <dd>A technique for embedding processing
+directives inside HTML files.<br /> See: <a href="howto/ssi.html">Introduction to Server Side Includes</a><br /><br /></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt>
+<dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by
+ Eric A. Young</dd>
+
+<dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy">Symmetric Cryptography</a></dt>
+<dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key
+ for both encryption and decryption operations.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="tarball">Tarball</a></dt>
+<dd>A package of files gathered together using the <code>tar</code>
+utility. Apache distributions are stored in compressed tar archives
+or using pkzip.</dd>
+
+<dt><a name="transportlayersecurity">Transport Layer Security</a> <a name="tls">(TLS)</a></dt> <dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created
+by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for general
+communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks. TLS
+version 1 and is nearly identical with SSL version 3.<br />
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform Resource Locator</a> <a name="url">(URL)</a></dt> <dd>The name/address of a resource on the
+Internet. This is the common informal term for what is formally
+called a <a href="#uniformresourcename">Uniform Resource
+Identifier</a>. URLs are usually made up of a scheme, like
+<code>http</code> or <code>https</code>, a hostname, and a path. A
+URL for this page is
+<code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/glossary.html</code>.</dd>
+
+<dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> <a name="URI">(URI)</a></dt> <dd>A compact string of characters for
+identifying an abstract or physical resource. It is formally defined
+by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>.
+URIs used on the world-wide web are commonly referred to
+as <a href="#url">URLs</a>.</dd>
+
+<dt><a name="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt> <dd>Serving
+multiple websites using a single instance of Apache. <em>IP virtual
+hosting</em> differentiates between websites based on their IP
+address, while <em>name-based virtual hosting</em> uses only the name
+of the host and can therefore host many sites on the same IP
+address.<br /> See: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Virtual Host
+documentation</a></dd>
+
+<dt><a name="x.509">X.509</a></dt> <dd>An authentication certificate
+scheme recommended by the International Telecommunication Union
+(ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
+
+</dl>
+</div></div><div id="footer"><p class="apache">Maintained by the <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Apache HTTP Server Documentation Project</a></p><p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div></body></html>
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-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
- "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE manualpage SYSTEM "./style/manualpage.dtd">
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="./style/manual.en.xsl"?>
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
-<title>Glossary</title>
-</head>
+<manualpage>
+ <relativepath href="."/>
-<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#000080" alink="#FF0000">
-<!--#include virtual="header.html" -->
-
-<h1 align="center">Glossary</h1>
+ <title>Glossary</title>
+<summary>
+<p>This glossary defines some of the common terminology related to
+Apache in particular, and web serving in general. More information
+on each concept is provided in the links.</p>
+</summary>
+<section id="definitions"><title>Definitions</title>
<dl>
<dt><a name="authentication">Authentication</a></dt> <dd>The positive
identification of a network entity such as a server, a client, or a
user.<br /> See: <a
href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access
-Control</a><br /><br /></dd>
+Control</a></dd>
<dt><a name="accesscontrol">Access Control</a></dt>
<dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In an Apache context
usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.<br />
See: <a
href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access
-Control</a><br /><br /></dd>
+Control</a></dd>
<dt><a name="apacheextensiontool">APache eXtension Tool</a> <a
name="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt> <dd>A perl script that aids in compiling <a
href="#module">module</a> sources into Dynamic Shared Objects (<a
href="#dso">DSO</a>s) and helps install them in the Apache Web
server.<br /> See: <a
-href="programs/apxs.html">Manual Page: apxs</a><br /><br /></dd>
+href="programs/apxs.html">Manual Page: apxs</a></dd>
<dt><a name="certificate">Certificate</a></dt>
<dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such
Authority</em> (called the issuer), plus the owner's public key and the
signature made by the CA. Network entities verify these signatures using
CA certificates.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a> <a
name="ca">(CA)</a></dt> <dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to
sign certificates for network entities it has authenticated using
secure means. Other network entities can check the signature to verify
that a CA has authenticated the bearer of a certificate.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a>
<a name="csr">(CSR)</a></dt> <dd>An unsigned certificate for
submission to a <em>Certification Authority</em>, which signs it with
the <em>Private Key</em> of their CA <em>Certificate</em>. Once the
CSR is signed, it becomes a real certificate.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="cipher">Cipher</a></dt> <dd>An algorithm or system for
data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4, etc.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="ciphertext">Ciphertext</a></dt> <dd>The result after <a
href="#plaintext">Plaintext</a> is passed through a <a
href="#cipher">Cipher</a>.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS
-Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="commongatewayinterface">Common Gateway Interface</a> <a
name="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt> <dd>A standard definition for an interface
<a href="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/overview.html">NCSA</a> but
there is also an <a href="http://cgi-spec.golux.com/">RFC
project</a>.<br />
-See: <a href="howto/cgi.html">Dynamic Content with CGI</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="howto/cgi.html">Dynamic Content with CGI</a></dd>
<dt><a name="configurationdirective">Configuration Directive</a></dt>
-<dd>See: <a href="#directive">Directive</a><br /><br /></dd>
+<dd>See: <a href="#directive">Directive</a></dd>
<dt><a name="configurationfile">Configuration File</a></dt>
<dd>A text file containing <a href="#directive">Directives</a>
that control the configuration of Apache.<br />
-See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a></dd>
<dt><a name="connect">CONNECT</a></dt> <dd>An HTTP <a
href="#method">method</a> for proxying raw data channels over HTTP. It
can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as the SSL
-protocol.<br /><br /></dd>
+protocol.</dd>
<dt><a name="context">Context</a></dt> <dd>An area in the <a
href="configurationfile">configuration files</a> where certain types
of <a href="directive">directives</a> are allowed.<br /> See: <a
href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Terms
-Used to Describe Apache Directives</a><br /><br /></dd>
+Used to Describe Apache Directives</a></dd>
<dt><a name="digitalsignature">Digital Signature</a></dt>
<dd>An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A
encrypting the hash with its own <em>Private Key</em>. Only the CA's
public key can decrypt the signature, verifying that the CA has
authenticated the network entity that owns the <em>Certificate</em>.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="directive">Directive</a></dt> <dd>A configuration command
that controls one or more aspects of Apache's behavior. Directives
are placed in the <a href="#configurationfile">Configuration
File</a><br /> See: <a href="mod/directives.html">Directive
-Index</a><br /><br /></dd>
+Index</a></dd>
<dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject">Dynamic Shared Object</a> <a
name="dso">(DSO)</a></dt> <dd><a href="#module">Modules</a> compiled
seperately from the Apache httpd binary that can be loaded on-demand.<br />
-See: <a href="dso.html">Dynamic Shared Object Support</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="dso.html">Dynamic Shared Object Support</a></dd>
<dt><a name="environmentvariable">Environment Variable</a> <a
name="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt>
contains internal variables that are referred to as environment variables,
but are stored in internal Apache structures, rather than in the
shell environment.<br />
-See: <a href="env.html">Environment Variables in Apache</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="env.html">Environment Variables in Apache</a></dd>
<dt><a name="export-crippled">Export-Crippled</a></dt>
<dd>Diminished in cryptographic strength (and security) in order to comply
Export-crippled cryptographic software is limited to a small key size,
resulting in <em>Ciphertext</em> which usually can be decrypted by brute
force.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="filter">Filter</a></dt> <dd>A process that is applied to
data that is sent or received by the server. Input filters process
documents on the server before they are sent to the client. For
examle, the <code>INCLUDES</code> output filter processes documents
for <a href="#ssi">Server Side Includes</a>.<br /> See: <a
-href="filter.html">Filters</a><br /><br /></dd>
+href="filter.html">Filters</a></dd>
<dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Fully-Qualified
Domain-Name</a> <a name="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt> <dd>The unique name of
file types are "handled" separately. For example, the
<code>cgi-script</code> handler designates files to be processed as <a
href="#cgi">CGIs</a>.<br />
-See: <a href="handler.html">Apache's Handler Use</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="handler.html">Apache's Handler Use</a></dd>
<dt><a name="header">Header</a></dt>
<dd>The part of the <a href="#http">HTTP</a> request and response that
is sent before the actual content, and that contains meta-information
-describing the content.<br /><br /></dd>
+describing the content.</dd>
<dt><a name=".htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> <dd>A <a
href="#configurationfile">configuration file</a> that is placed inside
href="#directive">directives</a> to the directory where it is placed
and all sub-directories. Despite its name, this file can hold almost
any type of directive, not just access-control directives.<br />
-See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a></dd>
<dt><a name="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt>
<dd>The main Apache <a href="#configurationfile">configuration file</a>.
The default location is <code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>,
but it may be moved using run-time or compile-time configuration.<br />
-See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a></dd>
<dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer
Protocol</a> <a name="http">(HTTP)</a></dt> <dd>The standard
<dd>The HyperText Transport Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted
communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP
over <a name="ssl">SSL</a>.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="method">Method</a></dt> <dd>In the context of <a
href="#http">HTTP</a>, an action to perform on a resource, specified
<dt><a name="messagedigest">Message Digest</a></dt>
<dd>A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of
the message have not been altered in transit.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="mime-type">MIME-type</a></dt> <dd>A way to describe the
kind of document being transmitted. Its name comes from that fact
<code>image/gif</code>, and <code>application/octet-stream</code>. In
HTTP, the MIME-type is transmitted in the <code>Content-Type</code> <a
href="#header">header</a>.<br /> See: <a
-href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a><br /><br /></dd>
+href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></dd>
<dt><a name="module">Module</a></dt> <dd>An independent part of a
program. Much of Apache's functionality is contained in modules that
not distributed as part of the Apache HTTP Server <a
href="#tarball">tarball</a>. These are referred to as <em>third-party
modules</em>.<br />
-See: <a href="mod/">Module Index</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="mod/">Module Index</a></dd>
<dt><a name="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt>
<dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS<br />
- see <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a><br /><br /></dd>
+ see <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a></dd>
<dt><a name="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt> <dd>The word or phrase
that protects private key files. It prevents unauthorized users from
encrypting them. Usually it's just the secret encryption/decryption
key used for <a name="cipher">Ciphers</a>.<br /> See: <a
-href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="plaintext">Plaintext</a></dt>
-<dd>The unencrypted text.<br /><br /></dd>
+<dd>The unencrypted text.</dd>
<dt><a name="privatekey">Private Key</a></dt> <dd>The secret key in a
<a name="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a> system,
used to decrypt incoming messages and sign outgoing ones.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="proxy">Proxy</a></dt> <dd>An intermediate server that
sits between the client and the <em>origin server</em>. It accepts
client. If several clients request the same content, the proxy
can deliver that content from its cache, rather than requesting it
from the origin server each time, thereby reducing response time.<br />
-See: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></dd>
<dt><a name="publickey">Public Key</a></dt> <dd>The publically
available key in a <a name="publickeycryptography">Public Key
Cryptography</a> system, used to encrypt messages bound for its owner
and to decrypt signatures made by its owner.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a></dt>
<dd>The study and application of asymmetric encryption systems, which
use one key for encryption and another for decryption. A corresponding
pair of such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric
-Crypography.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+Crypography.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="regularexpresion">Regular Expression</a> <a
name="regex">(Regex)</a></dt> <dd>A way of
ways - for example, all .gif and .jpg files under any "images"
directory could be written as "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>".
Apache uses Perl Compatible Regular Expressions provided by the
-<a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a> library.<br /><br /></dd>
+<a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a> library.</dd>
<dt><a name="reverseproxy">Reverse Proxy</a></dt> <dd>A <a
href="#proxy">proxy</a> server that appears to the client as if it is
Communications Corporation for general communication authentication
and encryption over TCP/IP networks. The most popular usage is
<em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) over SSL.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="serversideincludes">Server Side Includes</a> <a
name="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt> <dd>A technique for embedding processing
<dt><a name="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt>
<dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by
- Eric A. Young<br /><br /></dd>
+ Eric A. Young</dd>
<dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy">Symmetric Cryptography</a></dt>
<dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key
for both encryption and decryption operations.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="tarball">Tarball</a></dt>
<dd>A package of files gathered together using the <code>tar</code>
utility. Apache distributions are stored in compressed tar archives
-or using pkzip.<br /><br /></dd>
+or using pkzip.</dd>
<dt><a name="transportlayersecurity">Transport Layer Security</a> <a
name="tls">(TLS)</a></dt> <dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created
by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for general
communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks. TLS
version 1 and is nearly identical with SSL version 3.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
<dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform Resource Locator</a> <a
name="url">(URL)</a></dt> <dd>The name/address of a resource on the
Identifier</a>. URLs are usually made up of a scheme, like
<code>http</code> or <code>https</code>, a hostname, and a path. A
URL for this page is
-<code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/glossary.html</code>.<br /><br /></dd>
+<code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/glossary.html</code>.</dd>
<dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> <a
name="URI">(URI)</a></dt> <dd>A compact string of characters for
identifying an abstract or physical resource. It is formally defined
by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>.
URIs used on the world-wide web are commonly referred to
-as <a href="#url">URLs</a>.<br /><br /></dd>
+as <a href="#url">URLs</a>.</dd>
<dt><a name="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt> <dd>Serving
multiple websites using a single instance of Apache. <em>IP virtual
address, while <em>name-based virtual hosting</em> uses only the name
of the host and can therefore host many sites on the same IP
address.<br /> See: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Virtual Host
-documentation</a><br /><br /></dd>
+documentation</a></dd>
<dt><a name="x.509">X.509</a></dt> <dd>An authentication certificate
scheme recommended by the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.<br /> See: <a
-href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
+href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a></dd>
</dl>
-
-<!--#include virtual="footer.html" -->
- </body>
-</html>
\ No newline at end of file
+</section>
+</manualpage>
\ No newline at end of file
projects / thirdparty / apache / httpd.git / commitdiff
