name: "Andrew Johnson"
personal_site: "https://www.aetherpoint.com/"
}
+contributors {
+ name: "Ben D. Sawyer"
+ personal_site: ""
+}
contributors {
name: "Ben Weiner"
personal_site: "https://readingtype.org.uk"
name: "Piper Haywood"
personal_site: "https://piperhaywood.com"
}
+contributors {
+ name: "Rain Michaels"
+ personal_site: ""
+}
contributors {
name: "Richard Rutter"
personal_site: "https://clagnut.com"
-Cyrillic is the writing system used for Russian and various other languages across Eurasia and beyond, originally developed in the 10th century for speakers of the Proto-Slavic language.
+Cyrillic is a [writing system](/glossary/script_writing_system), named after the missionary work of St. Cyril in the first Bulgarian Empire. The original Cyrillic script was based on uppercase [Greek](/glossary/greek_script) [letterforms](/glossary/letterform).
<figure>
</figure>
-So-called because of the missionary work of St. Cyril in the first Bulgarian Empire, the original Cyrillic script was based on uppercase Greek [letterforms](/glossary/letterform).
+Cyrillic was originally developed in the 10th century for speakers of the Proto-Slavic language. Today, the script is used for various languages across Eurasia and beyond.
-<svg width="1920" height="1080" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g clip-path="url(#a)"><path d="M292.371 272.492v46.964h35.636v-46.964h45.076V403h-45.076v-50.032h-35.636V403h-45.076V272.492h45.076Zm175.593-2.36c16.52 0 29.421 4.091 38.704 12.272 9.283 8.181 13.924 19.824 13.924 34.928V403H489.44l-8.732-17.228h-.944c-3.619 4.563-7.395 8.339-11.328 11.328-3.776 2.832-8.181 4.877-13.216 6.136-5.035 1.416-11.171 2.124-18.408 2.124-11.328 0-20.768-3.461-28.32-10.384s-11.328-17.543-11.328-31.86c0-14.003 4.799-24.387 14.396-31.152 9.755-6.765 23.836-10.541 42.244-11.328l21.712-.708v-1.888c0-5.821-1.416-9.912-4.248-12.272-2.832-2.517-6.687-3.776-11.564-3.776-5.192 0-10.935.944-17.228 2.832-6.293 1.731-12.665 4.012-19.116 6.844l-12.98-29.736c7.552-3.933 16.048-6.844 25.488-8.732 9.597-2.045 20.296-3.068 32.096-3.068Zm-2.596 75.048c-8.181.315-14.003 1.809-17.464 4.484-3.304 2.517-4.956 6.136-4.956 10.856 0 4.405 1.18 7.709 3.54 9.912 2.36 2.045 5.507 3.068 9.44 3.068 5.507 0 10.148-1.731 13.924-5.192 3.933-3.461 5.9-7.945 5.9-13.452v-10.148l-10.384.472Zm145.387 60.18c-19.824 0-35.636-5.349-47.436-16.048-11.8-10.699-17.7-27.691-17.7-50.976 0-15.891 2.989-28.792 8.968-38.704 5.979-10.069 14.081-17.464 24.308-22.184 10.384-4.877 22.184-7.316 35.4-7.316 8.024 0 15.576.865 22.656 2.596 7.237 1.731 13.924 4.169 20.06 7.316l-13.216 33.276c-5.349-2.36-10.384-4.248-15.104-5.664-4.563-1.416-9.361-2.124-14.396-2.124-6.765 0-12.272 2.675-16.52 8.024-4.248 5.349-6.372 13.531-6.372 24.544 0 11.328 2.124 19.431 6.372 24.308 4.405 4.72 9.991 7.08 16.756 7.08 6.451 0 12.901-1.023 19.352-3.068a79.895 79.895 0 0 0 18.644-8.496v35.872c-5.349 3.461-11.407 6.293-18.172 8.496-6.765 2.045-14.632 3.068-23.6 3.068Zm188.815-99.356h-42.952V403h-45.076v-96.996H668.59v-33.512h130.98v33.512Zm143.434 31.388c0 21.869-5.821 38.704-17.464 50.504-11.642 11.643-27.612 17.464-47.908 17.464-12.586 0-23.757-2.596-33.512-7.788-9.754-5.349-17.464-13.059-23.128-23.128-5.506-10.227-8.26-22.577-8.26-37.052 0-21.555 5.822-38.153 17.464-49.796 11.643-11.643 27.691-17.464 48.144-17.464 12.587 0 23.679 2.596 33.276 7.788 9.755 5.192 17.386 12.823 22.892 22.892 5.664 9.912 8.496 22.105 8.496 36.58Zm-84.488 0c0 11.171 1.495 19.745 4.484 25.724 2.99 5.821 8.024 8.732 15.104 8.732 6.923 0 11.8-2.911 14.632-8.732 2.99-5.979 4.484-14.553 4.484-25.724s-1.494-19.588-4.484-25.252c-2.832-5.664-7.788-8.496-14.868-8.496-6.765 0-11.721 2.832-14.868 8.496-2.989 5.664-4.484 14.081-4.484 25.252ZM997.926 403h-47.672l33.512-49.56c-5.979-3.304-11.171-8.181-15.576-14.632-4.248-6.451-6.372-14.632-6.372-24.544 0-13.845 5.113-24.229 15.34-31.152 10.227-7.08 24.152-10.62 41.772-10.62h62.3V403h-45.07v-45.312h-13.22L997.926 403Zm8.964-87.32c0 3.147 1.18 6.057 3.54 8.732 2.36 2.517 6.69 3.776 12.98 3.776h12.75v-26.196h-12.98c-5.82 0-9.99 1.337-12.51 4.012-2.52 2.675-3.78 5.9-3.78 9.676Zm311.38-43.188v96.996h29.26v81.42h-39.41V403h-195.65V272.492h45.08v96.996h36.11v-96.996h43.89v96.996h35.64v-96.996h45.08Zm88.78 50.74c0 5.349-.23 11.013-.7 16.992-.32 5.821-.63 11.092-.95 15.812l49.33-83.544h49.08V403h-41.06v-47.2c0-6.136.08-12.508.24-19.116.31-6.765.78-12.665 1.41-17.7L1414.61 403h-48.62V272.492h41.06v50.74Zm254.61-107.144c-.95 8.653-3.47 16.284-7.56 22.892-4.09 6.608-10.14 11.8-18.17 15.576-8.02 3.619-18.49 5.428-31.39 5.428-18.56 0-32.33-3.619-41.3-10.856-8.96-7.237-14-18.251-15.1-33.04h37.52c.48 8.339 2.28 14.003 5.43 16.992 3.31 2.989 7.79 4.484 13.45 4.484 5.04 0 9.29-1.495 12.75-4.484 3.46-3.147 5.5-8.811 6.13-16.992h38.24Zm-85.67 107.144c0 5.349-.24 11.013-.71 16.992-.32 5.821-.63 11.092-.94 15.812l49.32-83.544h49.09V403h-41.07v-47.2c0-6.136.08-12.508.24-19.116.31-6.765.79-12.665 1.42-17.7L1583.54 403h-48.62V272.492h41.07v50.74ZM244.724 608v-10.004h2.46c2.842 0 5.084-.765 6.724-2.296 1.64-1.531 2.46-4.592 2.46-9.184v-45.1c0-4.592-.93-7.599-2.788-9.02-1.859-1.531-4.21-2.296-7.052-2.296h-1.804v-10.004h47.56l16.728 46.576 19.024-46.576h48.38V530.1h-1.312c-4.046 0-7.052.82-9.02 2.46-1.859 1.531-2.788 4.701-2.788 9.512v43.952c0 4.811.874 8.036 2.624 9.676 1.749 1.531 4.81 2.296 9.184 2.296h1.312V608h-55.268v-10.004h2.132c3.498 0 6.068-.765 7.708-2.296 1.749-1.64 2.624-4.865 2.624-9.676v-43.132h-1.148L305.568 608h-11.316l-24.928-65.108h-1.148v43.132c0 4.811.656 8.036 1.968 9.676 1.312 1.531 3.772 2.296 7.38 2.296h2.132V608h-34.932Zm166.625 1.64c-4.701 0-9.02-.984-12.956-2.952s-7.107-4.92-9.512-8.856c-2.296-4.045-3.444-9.129-3.444-15.252 0-9.075 3.007-15.744 9.02-20.008 6.013-4.264 15.088-6.615 27.224-7.052l13.284-.492V546.5c0-6.123-.711-10.551-2.132-13.284-1.421-2.843-3.553-4.264-6.396-4.264-2.624 0-4.701 1.476-6.232 4.428-1.531 2.952-2.296 7.325-2.296 13.12-8.637 0-15.088-.875-19.352-2.624-4.155-1.749-6.232-4.701-6.232-8.856s1.64-7.489 4.92-10.004c3.389-2.624 7.872-4.483 13.448-5.576 5.685-1.203 11.863-1.804 18.532-1.804 12.573 0 21.976 2.077 28.208 6.232 6.341 4.045 9.512 11.152 9.512 21.32v41.328c0 4.373.656 7.38 1.968 9.02 1.421 1.64 3.991 2.46 7.708 2.46h.656V608h-36.572l-4.1-9.184h-1.64c-2.405 2.843-4.701 5.084-6.888 6.724-2.077 1.531-4.428 2.569-7.052 3.116-2.515.656-5.74.984-9.676.984Zm12.956-13.284c3.28 0 5.904-1.749 7.872-5.248 1.968-3.608 2.952-8.419 2.952-14.432v-11.644l-5.084.492c-4.592.328-7.763 1.968-9.512 4.92-1.749 2.843-2.624 7.052-2.624 12.628 0 8.856 2.132 13.284 6.396 13.284Zm106.924 13.284c-8.637 0-16.181-1.367-22.632-4.1-6.451-2.733-11.48-7.38-15.088-13.94-3.608-6.669-5.412-15.799-5.412-27.388 0-11.917 1.913-21.211 5.74-27.88 3.827-6.779 8.965-11.589 15.416-14.432 6.451-2.843 13.667-4.264 21.648-4.264 8.965 0 16.017.875 21.156 2.624 5.139 1.749 8.801 3.991 10.988 6.724 2.187 2.624 3.28 5.357 3.28 8.2 0 2.187-.601 4.592-1.804 7.216-1.203 2.624-3.663 4.865-7.38 6.724-3.717 1.749-9.348 2.624-16.892 2.624 0-4.045-.273-7.763-.82-11.152-.437-3.499-1.257-6.287-2.46-8.364-1.203-2.187-2.843-3.28-4.92-3.28-2.405 0-4.483 1.039-6.232 3.116-1.749 2.077-3.116 5.685-4.1 10.824-.984 5.029-1.476 12.081-1.476 21.156 0 10.605 1.203 18.641 3.608 24.108 2.515 5.357 6.505 8.036 11.972 8.036 6.123 0 11.371-1.421 15.744-4.264 4.483-2.843 7.653-6.287 9.512-10.332 1.749.875 2.952 2.132 3.608 3.772.765 1.531 1.148 3.061 1.148 4.592 0 2.843-1.203 5.795-3.608 8.856-2.296 3.061-5.959 5.631-10.988 7.708s-11.699 3.116-20.008 3.116Zm59.98-1.64v-10.004h1.968c3.171 0 5.74-.82 7.708-2.46 1.968-1.749 2.952-4.592 2.952-8.528v-54.776h-3.444c-4.482 0-7.489.929-9.02 2.788-1.53 1.859-2.569 5.357-3.116 10.496l-.82 7.052h-13.776l.984-32.472h90.2l.984 32.472h-13.776l-.82-7.052c-.546-5.139-1.64-8.637-3.28-10.496-1.53-1.859-4.373-2.788-8.528-2.788h-3.608v54.776c0 3.936.875 6.779 2.624 8.528 1.75 1.64 4.21 2.46 7.38 2.46h2.624V608h-57.236Zm128.746 1.64c-15.526 0-27.06-3.936-34.604-11.808-7.435-7.981-11.152-19.133-11.152-33.456 0-15.416 3.826-27.06 11.48-34.932 7.653-7.872 18.422-11.808 32.308-11.808 12.901 0 23.014 3.389 30.34 10.168 7.434 6.669 11.152 16.509 11.152 29.52v9.02h-53.136c.218 10.277 2.132 17.767 5.74 22.468 3.717 4.701 9.074 7.052 16.072 7.052 5.576 0 10.004-1.421 13.284-4.264 3.389-2.843 5.958-6.451 7.708-10.824 2.077.547 3.772 1.531 5.084 2.952 1.421 1.421 2.132 3.225 2.132 5.412 0 3.28-1.203 6.505-3.608 9.676-2.406 3.171-6.287 5.795-11.644 7.872-5.248 1.968-12.3 2.952-21.156 2.952Zm8.2-54.94c0-8.091-.766-14.268-2.296-18.532-1.422-4.373-3.772-6.56-7.052-6.56-3.499 0-6.396 2.132-8.692 6.396-2.296 4.264-3.444 10.496-3.444 18.696h21.484Zm38.811 89.544V634.24h2.46c.984 0 2.296-.219 3.936-.656 1.64-.437 3.116-1.367 4.428-2.788 1.312-1.421 1.968-3.553 1.968-6.396v-82.492c0-5.139-.82-8.364-2.46-9.676-1.53-1.421-3.662-2.132-6.396-2.132h-.82v-10.004h34.768l3.936 11.316h.656c2.296-3.717 5.467-6.779 9.512-9.184 4.046-2.515 9.239-3.772 15.58-3.772 10.934 0 19.243 3.717 24.928 11.152 5.795 7.435 8.692 19.133 8.692 35.096 0 15.853-2.842 27.388-8.528 34.604-5.685 7.216-14.213 10.824-25.584 10.824-5.357 0-9.785-.765-13.284-2.296-3.389-1.64-6.286-3.991-8.692-7.052h-.984c.219 2.733.383 5.576.492 8.528.11 3.061.164 6.232.164 9.512v4.92c0 3.061.656 5.303 1.968 6.724 1.312 1.531 2.788 2.515 4.428 2.952 1.64.547 2.898.82 3.772.82h5.904v10.004h-60.844Zm57.236-47.396c4.264 0 7.326-2.515 9.184-7.544 1.859-5.139 2.788-13.175 2.788-24.108 0-10.387-.929-18.477-2.788-24.272-1.749-5.904-4.646-8.856-8.692-8.856-5.138 0-8.582 2.952-10.332 8.856-1.749 5.795-2.624 13.721-2.624 23.78 0 11.261.82 19.461 2.46 24.6 1.75 5.029 5.084 7.544 10.004 7.544ZM920.099 608v-10.004h1.804c3.17 0 5.63-.711 7.38-2.132 1.749-1.421 2.624-4.209 2.624-8.364v-47.068c0-4.045-.875-6.779-2.624-8.2-1.75-1.421-4.21-2.132-7.38-2.132h-1.804v-10.004h52.152V530.1h-.82c-2.734 0-4.702.765-5.904 2.296-1.094 1.421-1.64 4.155-1.64 8.2v16.892h22.96v-17.056c0-4.045-.602-6.779-1.804-8.2-1.094-1.421-3.062-2.132-5.904-2.132h-.656v-10.004h52.477V530.1h-1.8c-3.06 0-5.58.765-7.55 2.296-1.85 1.421-2.78 4.155-2.78 8.2V587.5c0 3.717.93 6.396 2.78 8.036 1.97 1.64 4.49 2.46 7.55 2.46h1.8V608h-52.477v-10.004h.656c2.842 0 4.81-.711 5.904-2.132 1.202-1.421 1.804-4.209 1.804-8.364v-19.352h-22.96V587.5c0 4.155.601 6.943 1.804 8.364 1.202 1.421 3.17 2.132 5.904 2.132h.656V608h-52.152Zm145.971 1.64c-4.7 0-9.02-.984-12.96-2.952-3.93-1.968-7.11-4.92-9.51-8.856-2.3-4.045-3.44-9.129-3.44-15.252 0-9.075 3-15.744 9.02-20.008 6.01-4.264 15.08-6.615 27.22-7.052l13.28-.492V546.5c0-6.123-.71-10.551-2.13-13.284-1.42-2.843-3.55-4.264-6.39-4.264-2.63 0-4.71 1.476-6.24 4.428-1.53 2.952-2.29 7.325-2.29 13.12-8.64 0-15.09-.875-19.35-2.624-4.16-1.749-6.24-4.701-6.24-8.856s1.64-7.489 4.92-10.004c3.39-2.624 7.88-4.483 13.45-5.576 5.69-1.203 11.86-1.804 18.53-1.804 12.58 0 21.98 2.077 28.21 6.232 6.34 4.045 9.51 11.152 9.51 21.32v41.328c0 4.373.66 7.38 1.97 9.02 1.42 1.64 3.99 2.46 7.71 2.46h.66V608h-36.58l-4.1-9.184h-1.64c-2.4 2.843-4.7 5.084-6.88 6.724-2.08 1.531-4.43 2.569-7.06 3.116-2.51.656-5.74.984-9.67.984Zm12.95-13.284c3.28 0 5.91-1.749 7.88-5.248 1.96-3.608 2.95-8.419 2.95-14.432v-11.644l-5.09.492c-4.59.328-7.76 1.968-9.51 4.92-1.75 2.843-2.62 7.052-2.62 12.628 0 8.856 2.13 13.284 6.39 13.284ZM1136 633.42c7.77 0 13.94-1.039 18.54-3.116 4.59-1.968 8.2-4.756 10.82-8.364 2.62-3.499 4.76-7.489 6.4-11.972l-28.87-72.652c-1.2-3.171-2.51-5.139-3.93-5.904-1.32-.875-3.23-1.312-5.74-1.312h-.82v-10.004h52.97V530.1h-.82c-3.5 0-5.96.437-7.38 1.312s-2.13 2.241-2.13 4.1c0 1.093.16 2.241.49 3.444.33 1.203.71 2.405 1.15 3.608l8.69 25.748c1.09 3.061 1.97 6.068 2.62 9.02.66 2.952 1.04 5.412 1.15 7.38.33-2.405.66-4.483.98-6.232.44-1.749.88-3.225 1.32-4.428l9.84-29.684c.32-.875.71-2.296 1.14-4.264.44-1.968.66-3.499.66-4.592 0-2.077-.71-3.444-2.13-4.1-1.42-.765-3.72-1.203-6.89-1.312h-.82v-10.004h36.24V530.1h-.65c-5.69.328-9.84 4.1-12.47 11.316l-24.76 66.092c-2.73 7.216-5.36 13.175-7.87 17.876-2.52 4.811-5.52 8.583-9.02 11.316-3.5 2.733-8.04 4.647-13.61 5.74-5.47 1.203-12.58 1.804-21.32 1.804H1136V633.42ZM1279.32 608v-10.004h3.28c3.61 0 6.45-.601 8.53-1.804 2.07-1.312 3.11-4.373 3.11-9.184v-14.924c-2.73 1.421-6.17 2.952-10.33 4.592-4.15 1.531-9.46 2.296-15.91 2.296-8.63 0-15.25-1.859-19.84-5.576-4.48-3.827-6.73-9.348-6.73-16.564v-15.58c0-3.499-.71-6.232-2.13-8.2-1.31-1.968-3.71-2.952-7.21-2.952h-1.48v-10.004h50.68V530.1h-1.15c-2.41 0-4.16.711-5.25 2.132-.98 1.421-1.48 4.045-1.48 7.872v13.612c0 3.717.82 6.341 2.46 7.872 1.64 1.531 3.67 2.296 6.07 2.296 4.05 0 8.15-1.203 12.3-3.608v-19.844c0-4.155-.49-6.888-1.47-8.2-.99-1.421-2.74-2.132-5.25-2.132h-1.31v-10.004h51.66V530.1h-2.46c-2.85 0-5.09.929-6.73 2.788-1.64 1.749-2.46 4.701-2.46 8.856v45.264c0 4.045.82 6.888 2.46 8.528 1.64 1.64 4.32 2.46 8.04 2.46h1.64V608h-59.04Zm63.59 0v-10.004h1.81c3.17 0 5.63-.711 7.38-2.132 1.74-1.421 2.62-4.209 2.62-8.364v-47.068c0-4.045-.88-6.779-2.62-8.2-1.75-1.421-4.21-2.132-7.38-2.132h-1.81v-10.004h52.15V530.1h-.82c-2.73 0-4.7.765-5.9 2.296-1.09 1.421-1.64 4.155-1.64 8.2v16.892h22.96v-17.056c0-4.045-.6-6.779-1.8-8.2-1.1-1.421-3.07-2.132-5.91-2.132h-.65v-10.004h52.48V530.1h-1.81c-3.06 0-5.57.765-7.54 2.296-1.86 1.421-2.79 4.155-2.79 8.2V587.5c0 3.717.93 6.396 2.79 8.036 1.97 1.64 4.48 2.46 7.54 2.46h1.81V608h-52.48v-10.004h.65c2.84 0 4.81-.711 5.91-2.132 1.2-1.421 1.8-4.209 1.8-8.364v-19.352h-22.96V587.5c0 4.155.6 6.943 1.8 8.364 1.21 1.421 3.17 2.132 5.91 2.132h.65V608h-52.15Zm165.49 1.64c-14.11 0-25.21-3.827-33.3-11.48-8.09-7.653-12.13-19.188-12.13-34.604s3.88-26.896 11.64-34.44c7.76-7.653 19.19-11.48 34.28-11.48 14.1 0 25.2 3.827 33.29 11.48 8.09 7.544 12.14 19.024 12.14 34.44 0 15.416-3.89 26.951-11.65 34.604-7.76 7.653-19.19 11.48-34.27 11.48Zm.32-11.644c4.92 0 8.37-2.897 10.34-8.692 1.96-5.904 2.95-14.487 2.95-25.748 0-11.371-1.04-19.899-3.12-25.584-1.97-5.685-5.41-8.528-10.33-8.528s-8.36 2.843-10.33 8.528c-1.86 5.685-2.79 14.213-2.79 25.584 0 11.261.98 19.844 2.95 25.748 1.97 5.795 5.41 8.692 10.33 8.692Zm110.48-89.38c-8.2 0-14.81-.711-19.84-2.132-4.92-1.421-8.75-3.335-11.48-5.74-2.63-2.405-4.48-5.193-5.58-8.364-.98-3.171-1.64-6.56-1.97-10.168h23.95c.22 5.139 1.47 9.129 3.77 11.972 2.3 2.733 5.9 4.1 10.82 4.1 4.82 0 8.37-1.367 10.66-4.1 2.41-2.843 3.72-6.833 3.94-11.972h23.78c-.33 3.608-1.04 6.997-2.13 10.168-1.09 3.171-2.95 5.959-5.58 8.364-2.62 2.405-6.39 4.319-11.31 5.74-4.81 1.421-11.16 2.132-19.03 2.132ZM1563.28 608v-10.004h1.8c3.17 0 5.69-.711 7.55-2.132 1.86-1.421 2.78-4.428 2.78-9.02v-45.592c0-4.592-.92-7.599-2.78-9.02-1.86-1.421-4.38-2.132-7.55-2.132h-1.8v-10.004h51.66V530.1h-1.31c-1.97 0-3.5.547-4.6 1.64-1.09.984-1.64 2.843-1.64 5.576v33.62l24.28-31.816v-1.968c0-2.187-.5-3.881-1.48-5.084-.87-1.312-2.3-1.968-4.26-1.968h-1.64v-10.004h51.49V530.1h-1.8c-3.06 0-5.58.765-7.55 2.296-1.85 1.531-2.78 4.592-2.78 9.184v44.28c0 4.592.93 7.763 2.78 9.512 1.97 1.749 4.49 2.624 7.55 2.624h1.8V608h-51.49v-10.004h1.8c3.72 0 5.58-2.952 5.58-8.856v-33.128l-24.28 31.816v2.132c0 2.952.5 5.029 1.48 6.232.98 1.203 2.46 1.804 4.43 1.804h1.31V608h-51.33ZM317.023 917.268V843.18a61.75 61.75 0 0 1-13.524 8.82c-4.704 2.352-10.192 3.528-16.464 3.528-15.876 0-28.616-6.272-38.22-18.816-9.408-12.544-14.112-30.772-14.112-54.684 0-11.368 1.274-21.56 3.822-30.576 2.744-9.212 6.468-17.052 11.172-23.52 4.704-6.468 10.192-11.368 16.464-14.7 6.468-3.528 13.426-5.292 20.874-5.292 5.488 0 10.584 1.176 15.288 3.528 4.9 2.352 9.8 5.194 14.7 8.526v-80.262h8.82v80.556c4.704-3.92 9.8-6.958 15.288-9.114 5.488-2.156 10.976-3.234 16.464-3.234 17.052 0 29.694 6.566 37.926 19.698 8.428 12.936 12.642 30.282 12.642 52.038 0 11.956-1.372 22.638-4.116 32.046-2.744 9.408-6.468 17.346-11.172 23.814-4.704 6.468-10.29 11.466-16.758 14.994-6.272 3.332-13.034 4.998-20.286 4.998-4.508 0-9.408-1.078-14.7-3.234-5.096-2.156-10.192-5.194-15.288-9.114v74.088h-8.82Zm-29.4-69.972c5.096 0 9.898-.98 14.406-2.94 4.704-1.96 9.702-5.488 14.994-10.584V729.108c-5.096-4.9-10.192-8.232-15.288-9.996-5.096-1.96-10.192-2.94-15.288-2.94-6.272 0-11.956 1.764-17.052 5.292-5.096 3.332-9.604 8.036-13.524 14.112-3.724 5.88-6.664 12.838-8.82 20.874-1.96 8.036-2.94 16.562-2.94 25.578 0 9.8.98 18.718 2.94 26.754 1.96 7.84 4.704 14.7 8.232 20.58 3.724 5.684 8.232 10.094 13.524 13.23 5.488 3.136 11.76 4.704 18.816 4.704Zm68.796 0c6.272 0 11.956-1.666 17.052-4.998 5.292-3.332 9.8-7.938 13.524-13.818 3.724-6.076 6.566-13.23 8.526-21.462 2.156-8.428 3.234-17.542 3.234-27.342 0-9.016-.784-17.346-2.352-24.99-1.372-7.84-3.724-14.602-7.056-20.286-3.332-5.684-7.644-10.094-12.936-13.23-5.292-3.332-11.76-4.998-19.404-4.998-4.704 0-9.702.882-14.994 2.646-5.096 1.764-10.486 5.194-16.17 10.29V834.36c5.684 5.096 11.172 8.526 16.464 10.29 5.488 1.764 10.192 2.646 14.112 2.646Zm121.31 8.232c-5.488 0-10.682-.784-15.582-2.352-4.9-1.372-9.212-3.528-12.936-6.468-3.724-3.136-6.664-7.056-8.82-11.76-2.156-4.9-3.234-10.682-3.234-17.346 0-15.68 7.448-27.538 22.344-35.574 14.896-8.232 38.22-14.112 69.972-17.64a83.226 83.226 0 0 0-1.176-17.052c-.784-5.88-2.45-11.074-4.998-15.582-2.548-4.704-6.174-8.428-10.878-11.172-4.508-2.94-10.388-4.41-17.64-4.41-5.096 0-9.898.588-14.406 1.764-4.508.98-8.722 2.352-12.642 4.116-3.92 1.764-7.546 3.626-10.878 5.586-3.136 1.96-5.782 3.822-7.938 5.586l-4.704-7.056c2.156-1.568 4.9-3.43 8.232-5.586 3.528-2.156 7.448-4.116 11.76-5.88 4.508-1.96 9.408-3.528 14.7-4.704 5.292-1.372 10.78-2.058 16.464-2.058 8.232 0 15.092 1.47 20.58 4.41 5.488 2.744 9.898 6.566 13.23 11.466 3.332 4.9 5.684 10.584 7.056 17.052 1.372 6.272 2.058 12.936 2.058 19.992V852h-7.644l-1.176-18.816h-.588c-7.448 5.88-15.484 11.074-24.108 15.582-8.624 4.508-17.64 6.762-27.048 6.762Zm.588-8.232c8.624 0 16.954-1.96 24.99-5.88 8.036-4.116 16.758-10.192 26.166-18.228v-51.156c-15.484 1.764-28.518 4.018-39.102 6.762-10.584 2.548-19.11 5.684-25.578 9.408-6.468 3.724-11.172 8.036-14.112 12.936-2.744 4.704-4.116 10.094-4.116 16.17 0 5.488.784 10.192 2.352 14.112 1.764 3.724 4.116 6.762 7.056 9.114 2.94 2.352 6.272 4.116 9.996 5.292 3.92.98 8.036 1.47 12.348 1.47ZM590.721 852V711.468h8.82v62.328h86.436v-62.328h8.82V852h-8.82v-69.972h-86.436V852h-8.82Zm191.658 0V719.7h-51.744v-8.232h112.308v8.232h-51.744V852h-8.82Zm119.697 3.528c-5.488 0-10.682-.784-15.582-2.352-4.9-1.372-9.212-3.528-12.936-6.468-3.724-3.136-6.664-7.056-8.82-11.76-2.156-4.9-3.234-10.682-3.234-17.346 0-15.68 7.448-27.538 22.344-35.574 14.896-8.232 38.22-14.112 69.972-17.64a83.226 83.226 0 0 0-1.176-17.052c-.784-5.88-2.45-11.074-4.998-15.582-2.548-4.704-6.174-8.428-10.878-11.172-4.508-2.94-10.388-4.41-17.64-4.41-5.096 0-9.898.588-14.406 1.764-4.508.98-8.722 2.352-12.642 4.116-3.92 1.764-7.546 3.626-10.878 5.586-3.136 1.96-5.782 3.822-7.938 5.586l-4.704-7.056c2.156-1.568 4.9-3.43 8.232-5.586 3.528-2.156 7.448-4.116 11.76-5.88 4.508-1.96 9.408-3.528 14.7-4.704 5.292-1.372 10.78-2.058 16.464-2.058 8.232 0 15.092 1.47 20.58 4.41 5.488 2.744 9.898 6.566 13.23 11.466 3.332 4.9 5.684 10.584 7.056 17.052 1.372 6.272 2.058 12.936 2.058 19.992V852h-7.644l-1.176-18.816h-.588c-7.448 5.88-15.484 11.074-24.108 15.582-8.624 4.508-17.64 6.762-27.048 6.762Zm.588-8.232c8.624 0 16.954-1.96 24.99-5.88 8.036-4.116 16.758-10.192 26.166-18.228v-51.156c-15.484 1.764-28.518 4.018-39.102 6.762-10.584 2.548-19.11 5.684-25.578 9.408-6.468 3.724-11.172 8.036-14.112 12.936-2.744 4.704-4.116 10.094-4.116 16.17 0 5.488.784 10.192 2.352 14.112 1.764 3.724 4.116 6.762 7.056 9.114 2.94 2.352 6.272 4.116 9.996 5.292 3.92.98 8.036 1.47 12.348 1.47Zm162.976 8.232c-9.02 0-17.35-1.666-24.99-4.998-7.65-3.332-14.31-8.134-20-14.406-5.48-6.272-9.89-13.916-13.23-22.932-3.13-9.212-4.7-19.6-4.7-31.164 0-11.76 1.67-22.246 5-31.458 3.53-9.212 8.13-16.954 13.82-23.226 5.88-6.272 12.54-11.074 19.99-14.406 7.64-3.332 15.68-4.998 24.11-4.998 9.8 0 17.93 1.862 24.4 5.586 6.47 3.528 12.05 7.546 16.76 12.054l-5.88 6.468c-4.71-4.508-9.9-8.232-15.59-11.172-5.68-3.136-12.25-4.704-19.69-4.704-7.45 0-14.51 1.666-21.17 4.998-6.47 3.136-12.15 7.644-17.05 13.524-4.71 5.684-8.43 12.642-11.18 20.874-2.74 8.036-4.11 16.856-4.11 26.46 0 9.8 1.27 18.718 3.82 26.754 2.55 7.84 6.17 14.7 10.88 20.58 4.7 5.684 10.29 10.094 16.76 13.23 6.66 3.136 14.01 4.704 22.05 4.704 8.03 0 15.28-1.666 21.75-4.998 6.67-3.332 12.55-7.35 17.64-12.054l5.29 6.468c-5.88 5.292-12.54 9.8-19.99 13.524-7.25 3.528-15.48 5.292-24.69 5.292ZM1174.57 852V719.7h-51.74v-8.232h112.3v8.232h-51.74V852h-8.82Zm96.31 0V711.468h8.82v74.676c0 7.84-.09 16.366-.29 25.578-.2 9.212-.49 18.522-.88 27.93h1.17c2.94-4.508 6.37-9.604 10.29-15.288 3.92-5.684 7.35-10.78 10.29-15.288l67.04-97.608h8.82V852h-8.82v-74.676c0-7.84.09-16.366.29-25.578.2-9.212.49-18.522.88-27.93h-1.17c-2.94 4.508-6.37 9.604-10.29 15.288-3.92 5.684-7.35 10.78-10.29 15.288L1279.7 852h-8.82Zm161.65 0V711.468h8.82v62.916h37.92l15-35.868c2.54-6.272 5.09-11.368 7.64-15.288 2.55-4.116 5-7.252 7.35-9.408 2.55-2.352 5.1-3.92 7.64-4.704 2.55-.784 5.2-1.176 7.94-1.176 2.35 0 4.31.392 5.88 1.176l-2.35 8.82c-.98-.392-1.67-.588-2.06-.588h-2.06c-1.96 0-3.82.294-5.58.882-1.77.588-3.53 1.764-5.29 3.528-1.77 1.568-3.63 3.92-5.59 7.056-1.76 2.94-3.72 6.958-5.88 12.054l-15.58 37.044L1534.25 852h-10l-44.68-69.384h-38.22V852h-8.82Zm135.22 0V711.468h8.82v74.676c0 7.84-.09 16.366-.29 25.578-.2 9.212-.49 18.522-.88 27.93h1.17c2.94-4.508 6.37-9.604 10.29-15.288 3.92-5.684 7.35-10.78 10.29-15.288l67.04-97.608h8.82V852h-8.82v-74.676c0-7.84.09-16.366.29-25.578.2-9.212.49-18.522.88-27.93h-1.17c-2.94 4.508-6.37 9.604-10.29 15.288-3.92 5.684-7.35 10.78-10.29 15.288L1576.57 852h-8.82Z" fill="#3C4043"/></g><defs><clipPath id="a"><path fill="#fff" d="M0 0h1920v1080H0z"/></clipPath></defs></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1920" height="1080" fill="none"><g clip-path="url(#a)"><path fill="#3C4043" d="M268.039 282.99c0 1.643-.049 3.383-.145 5.22 0 1.74-.049 3.48-.145 5.22a83.215 83.215 0 0 1-.435 5.075c-.097 1.643-.194 3.19-.29 4.64l30.305-51.33h30.16V332h-25.23v-36.83c.096-2.707.241-5.317.435-7.83.193-2.61.386-4.93.58-6.96L272.679 332h-29.87v-80.185h25.23v31.175Zm115.104 50.46c-8.12 0-15.177-1.45-21.17-4.35-5.994-2.9-10.634-7.395-13.92-13.485-3.287-6.09-4.93-13.872-4.93-23.345 0-9.763 1.836-17.69 5.51-23.78 3.673-6.187 8.651-10.73 14.935-13.63 6.38-2.997 13.63-4.495 21.75-4.495 4.93 0 9.57.532 13.92 1.595 4.446 1.063 8.555 2.562 12.325 4.495l-8.12 20.445c-3.287-1.45-6.38-2.61-9.28-3.48-2.804-.87-5.752-1.305-8.845-1.305-2.804 0-5.269.725-7.395 2.175-2.127 1.45-3.77 3.673-4.93 6.67-1.16 2.9-1.74 6.622-1.74 11.165 0 4.64.58 8.362 1.74 11.165 1.256 2.803 2.948 4.882 5.075 6.235 2.126 1.257 4.591 1.885 7.395 1.885 3.963 0 7.926-.628 11.89-1.885a49.142 49.142 0 0 0 11.455-5.22v22.04c-3.287 2.127-7.009 3.867-11.165 5.22-4.157 1.257-8.99 1.885-14.5 1.885Zm116.009-61.045h-26.39V332h-27.695v-59.595h-26.39v-20.59h80.475v20.59Zm38.213 10.585c0 1.643-.048 3.383-.145 5.22 0 1.74-.048 3.48-.145 5.22a83.215 83.215 0 0 1-.435 5.075 597.86 597.86 0 0 1-.29 4.64l30.305-51.33h30.16V332h-25.23v-36.83c.097-2.707.242-5.317.435-7.83.193-2.61.387-4.93.58-6.96L542.005 332h-29.87v-80.185h25.23v31.175Zm106.259-31.175v28.855h21.895v-28.855h27.695V332h-27.695v-30.74h-21.895V332h-27.695v-80.185h27.695ZM748.9 333.45c-8.12 0-15.177-1.45-21.17-4.35-5.994-2.9-10.634-7.395-13.92-13.485-3.287-6.09-4.93-13.872-4.93-23.345 0-9.763 1.836-17.69 5.51-23.78 3.673-6.187 8.651-10.73 14.935-13.63 6.38-2.997 13.63-4.495 21.75-4.495 4.93 0 9.57.532 13.92 1.595 4.446 1.063 8.555 2.562 12.325 4.495L769.2 276.9c-3.287-1.45-6.38-2.61-9.28-3.48-2.804-.87-5.752-1.305-8.845-1.305-2.804 0-5.269.725-7.395 2.175-2.127 1.45-3.77 3.673-4.93 6.67-1.16 2.9-1.74 6.622-1.74 11.165 0 4.64.58 8.362 1.74 11.165 1.256 2.803 2.948 4.882 5.075 6.235 2.126 1.257 4.591 1.885 7.395 1.885 3.963 0 7.926-.628 11.89-1.885a49.142 49.142 0 0 0 11.455-5.22v22.04c-3.287 2.127-7.009 3.867-11.165 5.22-4.157 1.257-8.99 1.885-14.5 1.885Zm97.739-81.635h30.595l-30.015 38.425L879.554 332h-31.61l-29.725-40.745V332h-27.695v-80.185h27.695v38.86l28.42-38.86Zm67.103 31.175c0 1.643-.048 3.383-.145 5.22 0 1.74-.048 3.48-.145 5.22a83.215 83.215 0 0 1-.435 5.075 597.86 597.86 0 0 1-.29 4.64l30.305-51.33h30.16V332h-25.23v-36.83c.097-2.707.242-5.317.435-7.83.193-2.61.387-4.93.58-6.96L918.382 332h-29.87v-80.185h25.23v31.175Zm221.648-31.175V332h-24.65v-38.86c0-3.867.05-7.637.14-11.31.2-3.673.44-7.057.73-10.15h-.44L1092.18 332h-18.85l-19-60.465h-.43c.29 3.19.48 6.622.58 10.295.19 3.577.29 7.54.29 11.89V332h-24.65v-80.185h37.7l15.08 48.575 15.37-48.575h37.12Zm58.34-1.45c10.15 0 18.08 2.513 23.78 7.54 5.7 5.027 8.56 12.18 8.56 21.46V332h-19.14l-5.37-10.585h-.58c-2.22 2.803-4.54 5.123-6.96 6.96-2.32 1.74-5.03 2.997-8.12 3.77-3.09.87-6.86 1.305-11.31 1.305-4.64 0-8.8-.918-12.47-2.755-3.67-1.933-6.57-4.785-8.7-8.555-2.13-3.867-3.19-8.748-3.19-14.645 0-8.603 2.95-14.983 8.85-19.14 5.99-4.157 14.64-6.477 25.95-6.96l13.34-.435v-1.16c0-3.577-.87-6.09-2.61-7.54-1.74-1.547-4.11-2.32-7.1-2.32-3.19 0-6.72.58-10.59 1.74-3.87 1.063-7.78 2.465-11.74 4.205l-7.98-18.27c4.64-2.417 9.86-4.205 15.66-5.365 5.9-1.257 12.47-1.885 19.72-1.885Zm-1.59 46.11c-5.03.193-8.61 1.112-10.73 2.755-2.03 1.547-3.05 3.77-3.05 6.67 0 2.707.73 4.737 2.18 6.09 1.45 1.257 3.38 1.885 5.8 1.885 3.38 0 6.23-1.063 8.55-3.19 2.42-2.127 3.63-4.882 3.63-8.265v-6.235l-6.38.29Zm130.65-79.315c-.58 5.317-2.13 10.005-4.64 14.065-2.52 4.06-6.24 7.25-11.17 9.57-4.93 2.223-11.36 3.335-19.28 3.335-7.64 0-13.97-.967-19-2.9-4.93-2.03-8.65-5.027-11.16-8.99-2.52-4.06-4.01-9.087-4.5-15.08h23.06c.29 5.123 1.4 8.603 3.33 10.44 2.03 1.837 4.79 2.755 8.27 2.755 3.09 0 5.7-.918 7.83-2.755 2.12-1.933 3.38-5.413 3.77-10.44h23.49Zm-52.64 65.83c0 1.643-.05 3.383-.14 5.22 0 1.74-.05 3.48-.15 5.22-.09 1.74-.24 3.432-.43 5.075-.1 1.643-.2 3.19-.29 4.64l30.3-51.33h30.16V332h-25.23v-36.83c.1-2.707.24-5.317.44-7.83.19-2.61.38-4.93.58-6.96l-30.6 51.62h-29.87v-80.185h25.23v31.175Zm115.11 50.46c-8.12 0-15.18-1.45-21.17-4.35-6-2.9-10.64-7.395-13.92-13.485-3.29-6.09-4.93-13.872-4.93-23.345 0-9.763 1.83-17.69 5.51-23.78 3.67-6.187 8.65-10.73 14.93-13.63 6.38-2.997 13.63-4.495 21.75-4.495 4.93 0 9.57.532 13.92 1.595 4.45 1.063 8.56 2.562 12.33 4.495l-8.12 20.445c-3.29-1.45-6.38-2.61-9.28-3.48-2.81-.87-5.75-1.305-8.85-1.305-2.8 0-5.27.725-7.39 2.175-2.13 1.45-3.77 3.673-4.93 6.67-1.16 2.9-1.74 6.622-1.74 11.165 0 4.64.58 8.362 1.74 11.165 1.25 2.803 2.95 4.882 5.07 6.235 2.13 1.257 4.59 1.885 7.4 1.885 3.96 0 7.92-.628 11.89-1.885a48.976 48.976 0 0 0 11.45-5.22v22.04c-3.28 2.127-7.01 3.867-11.16 5.22-4.16 1.257-8.99 1.885-14.5 1.885Zm116.01-61.045h-26.39V332h-27.7v-59.595h-26.39v-20.59h80.48v20.59Zm88.12 19.285c0 6.67-.92 12.615-2.75 17.835-1.84 5.22-4.5 9.618-7.98 13.195-3.48 3.48-7.68 6.138-12.61 7.975-4.93 1.837-10.54 2.755-16.82 2.755-5.8 0-11.17-.918-16.1-2.755-4.83-1.837-9.04-4.495-12.61-7.975-3.48-3.577-6.24-7.975-8.27-13.195-1.93-5.22-2.9-11.165-2.9-17.835 0-8.893 1.6-16.385 4.79-22.475 3.28-6.187 7.92-10.875 13.92-14.065 5.99-3.19 13.19-4.785 21.6-4.785 7.74 0 14.55 1.595 20.45 4.785 5.99 3.19 10.68 7.878 14.06 14.065 3.48 6.09 5.22 13.582 5.22 22.475Zm-51.91 0c0 4.543.39 8.41 1.16 11.6.78 3.19 2.03 5.607 3.77 7.25 1.84 1.547 4.21 2.32 7.11 2.32 2.9 0 5.17-.773 6.81-2.32 1.74-1.643 3-4.06 3.77-7.25.78-3.19 1.16-7.057 1.16-11.6 0-4.543-.38-8.362-1.16-11.455-.77-3.093-2.03-5.413-3.77-6.96-1.74-1.547-4.06-2.32-6.96-2.32-4.15 0-7.2 1.74-9.13 5.22-1.84 3.48-2.76 8.652-2.76 15.515Zm116.69-41.325c8.89 0 15.85 3.577 20.88 10.73 5.02 7.057 7.54 17.255 7.54 30.595 0 9.087-1.31 16.772-3.92 23.055-2.51 6.187-5.99 10.875-10.44 14.065-4.35 3.093-9.33 4.64-14.93 4.64-3.77 0-6.96-.483-9.57-1.45-2.61-.967-4.79-2.127-6.53-3.48-1.74-1.45-3.19-2.9-4.35-4.35h-.87c.2 1.837.39 3.818.58 5.945.2 2.127.29 4.592.29 7.395v29.29h-27.69V251.815h22.47l3.92 10.15h1.3a30.708 30.708 0 0 1 4.79-5.8c1.93-1.74 4.25-3.142 6.96-4.205 2.7-1.063 5.89-1.595 9.57-1.595Zm-10.44 21.75c-2.71 0-4.84.677-6.38 2.03-1.55 1.257-2.66 3.142-3.34 5.655-.67 2.513-1.06 5.703-1.16 9.57v2.175c0 4.253.29 7.83.87 10.73.68 2.9 1.84 5.123 3.48 6.67 1.65 1.45 3.87 2.175 6.67 2.175 2.32 0 4.26-.628 5.8-1.885 1.65-1.353 2.85-3.48 3.63-6.38.77-2.9 1.16-6.718 1.16-11.455 0-7.057-.92-12.035-2.76-14.935-1.83-2.9-4.49-4.35-7.97-4.35ZM240.66 588v-13.176h2.376c2.88 0 5.256-.36 7.128-1.08 2.016-.864 3.528-2.304 4.536-4.32 1.008-2.016 1.512-4.824 1.512-8.424v-61.992c0-3.6-.576-6.336-1.728-8.208-1.008-2.016-2.52-3.384-4.536-4.104-1.872-.864-4.176-1.296-6.912-1.296h-2.376v-13.176h68.688V485.4h-1.08c-2.448 0-4.392.432-5.832 1.296-1.44.864-2.52 2.304-3.24 4.32-.576 1.872-.864 4.608-.864 8.208v22.248h30.24v-22.464c0-3.6-.36-6.336-1.08-8.208-.576-2.016-1.656-3.384-3.24-4.104-1.44-.864-3.384-1.296-5.832-1.296h-.864v-13.176h69.12V485.4H384.3c-2.736 0-5.112.432-7.128 1.296-2.016.864-3.6 2.304-4.752 4.32-1.152 1.872-1.728 4.608-1.728 8.208V561c0 3.312.576 5.976 1.728 7.992 1.152 2.016 2.736 3.528 4.752 4.536 2.016.864 4.392 1.296 7.128 1.296h2.376V588h-69.12v-13.176h.864c2.448 0 4.392-.36 5.832-1.08 1.584-.864 2.664-2.304 3.24-4.32.72-2.016 1.08-4.824 1.08-8.424v-25.488h-30.24V561c0 3.6.36 6.408 1.08 8.424.72 2.016 1.8 3.456 3.24 4.32 1.584.72 3.528 1.08 5.832 1.08h.864V588H240.66Zm192.251 2.16c-6.192 0-11.88-1.296-17.064-3.888-5.184-2.592-9.36-6.48-12.528-11.664-3.024-5.328-4.536-12.024-4.536-20.088 0-11.952 3.96-20.736 11.88-26.352 7.92-5.616 19.872-8.712 35.856-9.288l17.496-.648V507c0-5.328-.432-9.648-1.296-12.96-.72-3.456-1.944-5.976-3.672-7.56-1.584-1.728-3.672-2.592-6.264-2.592-2.304 0-4.32.864-6.048 2.592-1.584 1.728-2.88 4.32-3.888 7.776-.864 3.312-1.296 7.56-1.296 12.744-11.376 0-19.872-1.152-25.488-3.456-5.472-2.304-8.208-6.192-8.208-11.664 0-5.472 2.16-9.864 6.48-13.176 4.464-3.456 10.368-5.904 17.712-7.344 7.488-1.584 15.624-2.376 24.408-2.376 16.56 0 28.944 2.736 37.152 8.208 8.352 5.328 12.529 14.688 12.529 28.08v54.432c0 3.888.36 6.912 1.079 9.072.864 2.16 2.232 3.744 4.104 4.752 1.872.864 4.392 1.296 7.56 1.296h.864V588h-48.168l-5.4-12.096h-2.16c-3.168 3.744-6.192 6.696-9.072 8.856-2.736 2.016-5.832 3.384-9.288 4.104-3.312.864-7.56 1.296-12.744 1.296Zm17.064-17.496c2.88 0 5.4-1.08 7.56-3.24 2.16-2.16 3.816-5.184 4.968-9.072 1.152-3.888 1.728-8.424 1.728-13.608v-15.336l-6.696.648c-4.032.288-7.2 1.368-9.504 3.24-2.304 1.728-3.96 4.248-4.968 7.56-1.008 3.312-1.512 7.416-1.512 12.312 0 3.744.288 6.984.864 9.72.576 2.592 1.512 4.536 2.808 5.832 1.296 1.296 2.88 1.944 4.752 1.944ZM584.488 588v-13.176h2.376c2.88 0 5.256-.36 7.128-1.08 2.016-.864 3.528-2.304 4.536-4.32 1.008-2.016 1.512-4.824 1.512-8.424v-61.992c0-3.6-.576-6.336-1.728-8.208-1.008-2.016-2.52-3.384-4.536-4.104-1.872-.864-4.176-1.296-6.912-1.296h-2.376v-13.176h68.688V485.4h-1.08c-2.448 0-4.392.432-5.832 1.296-1.44.864-2.52 2.304-3.24 4.32-.576 1.872-.864 4.608-.864 8.208v22.248h30.24v-22.464c0-3.6-.36-6.336-1.08-8.208-.576-2.016-1.656-3.384-3.24-4.104-1.44-.864-3.384-1.296-5.832-1.296h-.864v-13.176h69.12V485.4h-2.376c-2.736 0-5.112.432-7.128 1.296-2.016.864-3.6 2.304-4.752 4.32-1.152 1.872-1.728 4.608-1.728 8.208V561c0 3.312.576 5.976 1.728 7.992 1.152 2.016 2.736 3.528 4.752 4.536 2.016.864 4.392 1.296 7.128 1.296h2.376V588h-69.12v-13.176h.864c2.448 0 4.392-.36 5.832-1.08 1.584-.864 2.664-2.304 3.24-4.32.72-2.016 1.08-4.824 1.08-8.424v-25.488h-30.24V561c0 3.6.36 6.408 1.08 8.424.72 2.016 1.8 3.456 3.24 4.32 1.584.72 3.528 1.08 5.832 1.08h.864V588h-68.688Zm192.252 2.16c-6.192 0-11.88-1.296-17.064-3.888-5.184-2.592-9.36-6.48-12.528-11.664-3.024-5.328-4.536-12.024-4.536-20.088 0-11.952 3.96-20.736 11.88-26.352 7.92-5.616 19.872-8.712 35.856-9.288l17.496-.648V507c0-5.328-.432-9.648-1.296-12.96-.72-3.456-1.944-5.976-3.672-7.56-1.584-1.728-3.672-2.592-6.264-2.592-2.304 0-4.32.864-6.048 2.592-1.584 1.728-2.88 4.32-3.888 7.776-.864 3.312-1.296 7.56-1.296 12.744-11.376 0-19.872-1.152-25.488-3.456-5.472-2.304-8.208-6.192-8.208-11.664 0-5.472 2.16-9.864 6.48-13.176 4.464-3.456 10.368-5.904 17.712-7.344 7.488-1.584 15.624-2.376 24.408-2.376 16.56 0 28.944 2.736 37.152 8.208 8.352 5.328 12.528 14.688 12.528 28.08v54.432c0 3.888.36 6.912 1.08 9.072.864 2.16 2.232 3.744 4.104 4.752 1.872.864 4.392 1.296 7.56 1.296h.864V588h-48.168l-5.4-12.096h-2.16c-3.168 3.744-6.192 6.696-9.072 8.856-2.736 2.016-5.832 3.384-9.288 4.104-3.312.864-7.56 1.296-12.744 1.296Zm17.064-17.496c2.88 0 5.4-1.08 7.56-3.24 2.16-2.16 3.816-5.184 4.968-9.072 1.152-3.888 1.728-8.424 1.728-13.608v-15.336l-6.696.648c-4.032.288-7.2 1.368-9.504 3.24-2.304 1.728-3.96 4.248-4.968 7.56-1.008 3.312-1.512 7.416-1.512 12.312 0 3.744.288 6.984.864 9.72.576 2.592 1.512 4.536 2.808 5.832 1.296 1.296 2.88 1.944 4.752 1.944Zm75.048 48.816c7.632 0 14.04-.792 19.224-2.376 5.328-1.44 9.72-3.6 13.176-6.48 3.6-2.736 6.48-5.976 8.64-9.72 2.304-3.744 4.32-7.848 6.048-12.312l-38.016-95.688c-1.008-2.88-2.088-4.968-3.24-6.264-1.152-1.296-2.52-2.16-4.104-2.592-1.44-.432-3.24-.648-5.4-.648h-1.08v-13.176h69.768V485.4h-1.08c-4.608 0-7.848.576-9.72 1.728-1.872 1.152-2.808 2.952-2.808 5.4 0 1.44.216 2.952.648 4.536a60.43 60.43 0 0 0 1.512 4.752l11.448 33.912a98.15 98.15 0 0 1 1.944 6.048c.576 2.016 1.08 3.96 1.512 5.832.432 1.872.72 3.672.864 5.4.288 1.584.504 3.024.648 4.32.432-3.168.864-5.904 1.296-8.208.576-2.304 1.152-4.248 1.728-5.832l12.96-39.096c.432-1.152.936-3.024 1.512-5.616.576-2.592.864-4.608.864-6.048 0-2.736-.936-4.536-2.808-5.4-1.872-1.008-4.896-1.584-9.072-1.728h-1.08v-13.176h47.736V485.4h-.864c-2.592.144-4.896.792-6.912 1.944-2.016 1.008-3.816 2.592-5.4 4.752-1.44 2.16-2.808 4.896-4.104 8.208l-32.616 87.048c-3.6 9.504-7.056 17.352-10.368 23.544-3.312 6.336-7.272 11.304-11.88 14.904-4.608 3.6-10.584 6.12-17.928 7.56-7.2 1.584-16.56 2.376-28.08 2.376h-4.968V621.48ZM1057.61 588v-13.176h4.32c3.17 0 5.9-.288 8.21-.864 2.3-.72 4.03-2.088 5.18-4.104 1.3-2.16 1.94-5.328 1.94-9.504v-19.656c-3.6 1.872-8.13 3.888-13.6 6.048-5.48 2.016-12.46 3.024-20.96 3.024-11.37 0-20.08-2.448-26.13-7.344-5.91-5.04-8.86-12.312-8.86-21.816v-20.52c0-3.024-.43-5.616-1.29-7.776-.72-2.304-2.02-4.032-3.89-5.184-1.73-1.152-4.107-1.728-7.131-1.728h-1.944v-13.176h66.745V485.4h-1.51c-2.16 0-3.89.432-5.19 1.296-1.29.72-2.23 2.016-2.8 3.888-.58 1.872-.87 4.536-.87 7.992v17.928c0 4.896 1.08 8.352 3.24 10.368s4.83 3.024 7.99 3.024c2.88 0 5.62-.432 8.21-1.296 2.74-.864 5.4-2.016 7.99-3.456v-26.136c0-3.6-.28-6.336-.86-8.208-.58-2.016-1.51-3.384-2.81-4.104-1.29-.864-3.02-1.296-5.18-1.296h-1.73v-13.176h68.04V485.4h-3.24c-2.45 0-4.61.576-6.48 1.728-1.87 1.008-3.31 2.664-4.32 4.968-.86 2.16-1.3 5.04-1.3 8.64v59.616c0 3.6.44 6.48 1.3 8.64 1.01 2.016 2.52 3.528 4.54 4.536 2.16.864 4.82 1.296 7.99 1.296h2.16V588h-77.76Zm83.75 0v-13.176h2.38c2.88 0 5.25-.36 7.13-1.08 2.01-.864 3.52-2.304 4.53-4.32 1.01-2.016 1.51-4.824 1.51-8.424v-61.992c0-3.6-.57-6.336-1.72-8.208-1.01-2.016-2.52-3.384-4.54-4.104-1.87-.864-4.18-1.296-6.91-1.296h-2.38v-13.176h68.69V485.4h-1.08c-2.45 0-4.39.432-5.83 1.296-1.44.864-2.52 2.304-3.24 4.32-.58 1.872-.87 4.608-.87 8.208v22.248h30.24v-22.464c0-3.6-.36-6.336-1.08-8.208-.57-2.016-1.65-3.384-3.24-4.104-1.44-.864-3.38-1.296-5.83-1.296h-.86v-13.176h69.12V485.4H1285c-2.73 0-5.11.432-7.13 1.296-2.01.864-3.6 2.304-4.75 4.32-1.15 1.872-1.73 4.608-1.73 8.208V561c0 3.312.58 5.976 1.73 7.992s2.74 3.528 4.75 4.536c2.02.864 4.4 1.296 7.13 1.296h2.38V588h-69.12v-13.176h.86c2.45 0 4.39-.36 5.83-1.08 1.59-.864 2.67-2.304 3.24-4.32.72-2.016 1.08-4.824 1.08-8.424v-25.488h-30.24V561c0 3.6.36 6.408 1.08 8.424.72 2.016 1.8 3.456 3.24 4.32 1.59.72 3.53 1.08 5.84 1.08h.86V588h-68.69Zm192.25 2.16c-6.19 0-11.88-1.296-17.06-3.888-5.18-2.592-9.36-6.48-12.53-11.664-3.02-5.328-4.53-12.024-4.53-20.088 0-11.952 3.96-20.736 11.88-26.352 7.92-5.616 19.87-8.712 35.85-9.288l17.5-.648V507c0-5.328-.43-9.648-1.3-12.96-.72-3.456-1.94-5.976-3.67-7.56-1.58-1.728-3.67-2.592-6.26-2.592-2.31 0-4.32.864-6.05 2.592-1.59 1.728-2.88 4.32-3.89 7.776-.86 3.312-1.3 7.56-1.3 12.744-11.37 0-19.87-1.152-25.48-3.456-5.48-2.304-8.21-6.192-8.21-11.664 0-5.472 2.16-9.864 6.48-13.176 4.46-3.456 10.37-5.904 17.71-7.344 7.49-1.584 15.62-2.376 24.41-2.376 16.56 0 28.94 2.736 37.15 8.208 8.35 5.328 12.53 14.688 12.53 28.08v54.432c0 3.888.36 6.912 1.08 9.072.86 2.16 2.23 3.744 4.1 4.752 1.87.864 4.39 1.296 7.56 1.296h.87V588h-48.17l-5.4-12.096h-2.16c-3.17 3.744-6.19 6.696-9.07 8.856-2.74 2.016-5.84 3.384-9.29 4.104-3.31.864-7.56 1.296-12.75 1.296Zm17.07-17.496c2.88 0 5.4-1.08 7.56-3.24 2.16-2.16 3.81-5.184 4.97-9.072 1.15-3.888 1.72-8.424 1.72-13.608v-15.336l-6.69.648c-4.03.288-7.2 1.368-9.51 3.24-2.3 1.728-3.96 4.248-4.96 7.56-1.01 3.312-1.52 7.416-1.52 12.312 0 3.744.29 6.984.87 9.72.57 2.592 1.51 4.536 2.81 5.832 1.29 1.296 2.88 1.944 4.75 1.944ZM1446.89 588v-13.176h2.6c2.88 0 5.32-.504 7.34-1.512 2.16-1.008 3.82-2.52 4.97-4.536 1.15-2.16 1.73-4.968 1.73-8.424v-72.144h-4.54c-3.89 0-6.91.504-9.07 1.512s-3.75 2.808-4.75 5.4c-.87 2.448-1.59 5.976-2.16 10.584l-1.08 9.288h-18.15l1.3-42.768h118.8l1.29 42.768h-18.14l-1.08-9.288c-.43-4.608-1.22-8.136-2.38-10.584-1-2.592-2.52-4.392-4.53-5.4-2.02-1.008-4.9-1.512-8.64-1.512h-4.75v72.144c0 3.456.5 6.264 1.51 8.424 1.01 2.016 2.52 3.528 4.53 4.536 2.02 1.008 4.4 1.512 7.13 1.512h3.46V588h-75.39Zm143.44 2.16c-6.2 0-11.88-1.296-17.07-3.888-5.18-2.592-9.36-6.48-12.53-11.664-3.02-5.328-4.53-12.024-4.53-20.088 0-11.952 3.96-20.736 11.88-26.352 7.92-5.616 19.87-8.712 35.85-9.288l17.5-.648V507c0-5.328-.43-9.648-1.3-12.96-.72-3.456-1.94-5.976-3.67-7.56-1.58-1.728-3.67-2.592-6.26-2.592-2.31 0-4.32.864-6.05 2.592-1.58 1.728-2.88 4.32-3.89 7.776-.86 3.312-1.29 7.56-1.29 12.744-11.38 0-19.88-1.152-25.49-3.456-5.47-2.304-8.21-6.192-8.21-11.664 0-5.472 2.16-9.864 6.48-13.176 4.46-3.456 10.37-5.904 17.71-7.344 7.49-1.584 15.63-2.376 24.41-2.376 16.56 0 28.94 2.736 37.15 8.208 8.35 5.328 12.53 14.688 12.53 28.08v54.432c0 3.888.36 6.912 1.08 9.072.86 2.16 2.23 3.744 4.1 4.752 1.88.864 4.4 1.296 7.56 1.296h.87V588h-48.17l-5.4-12.096h-2.16c-3.17 3.744-6.19 6.696-9.07 8.856-2.74 2.016-5.83 3.384-9.29 4.104-3.31.864-7.56 1.296-12.74 1.296Zm17.06-17.496c2.88 0 5.4-1.08 7.56-3.24 2.16-2.16 3.82-5.184 4.97-9.072 1.15-3.888 1.73-8.424 1.73-13.608v-15.336l-6.7.648c-4.03.288-7.2 1.368-9.5 3.24-2.31 1.728-3.96 4.248-4.97 7.56-1.01 3.312-1.51 7.416-1.51 12.312 0 3.744.28 6.984.86 9.72.58 2.592 1.51 4.536 2.81 5.832 1.29 1.296 2.88 1.944 4.75 1.944ZM324.489 925.712V851.12a62.178 62.178 0 0 1-13.616 8.88c-4.736 2.368-10.261 3.552-16.576 3.552-15.984 0-28.811-6.315-38.48-18.944-9.472-12.827-14.208-31.179-14.208-55.056 0-15.195 2.269-28.317 6.808-39.368 4.736-11.248 11.051-19.931 18.944-26.048 8.091-6.117 17.069-9.176 26.936-9.176 5.525 0 10.656 1.184 15.392 3.552 4.933 2.368 9.867 5.229 14.8 8.584v-80.808h8.88v81.104c4.736-3.947 9.867-7.005 15.392-9.176 5.525-2.171 11.051-3.256 16.576-3.256 17.168 0 29.896 6.611 38.184 19.832 8.485 13.024 12.728 30.488 12.728 52.392 0 15.984-2.368 29.699-7.104 41.144-4.736 11.248-11.149 19.931-19.24 26.048-7.893 6.117-16.675 9.176-26.344 9.176-4.539 0-9.472-1.184-14.8-3.552-5.131-2.171-10.261-5.131-15.392-8.88v74.592h-8.88Zm-29.6-70.448c5.131 0 9.965-.987 14.504-2.96 4.736-1.973 9.768-5.525 15.096-10.656V736.272c-5.131-4.933-10.261-8.288-15.392-10.064-5.131-1.973-10.261-2.96-15.392-2.96-8.288 0-15.688 2.96-22.2 8.88-6.315 5.92-11.347 13.912-15.096 23.976-3.552 10.064-5.328 21.213-5.328 33.448 0 19.536 3.749 35.421 11.248 47.656 7.696 12.037 18.549 18.056 32.56 18.056Zm69.264 0c8.485 0 15.885-2.861 22.2-8.584 6.512-5.92 11.544-14.011 15.096-24.272 3.552-10.261 5.328-22.003 5.328-35.224 0-12.037-1.381-22.891-4.144-32.56-2.763-9.669-7.203-17.267-13.32-22.792-6.117-5.723-14.307-8.584-24.568-8.584-4.736 0-9.768.888-15.096 2.664-5.131 1.776-10.557 5.229-16.28 10.36V842.24c5.723 5.131 11.347 8.584 16.872 10.36 5.525 1.776 10.163 2.664 13.912 2.664Zm122.135 8.288c-7.302 0-14.11-1.283-20.424-3.848-6.118-2.763-11.051-6.907-14.8-12.432-3.75-5.723-5.624-13.024-5.624-21.904 0-15.787 7.498-27.725 22.496-35.816 14.997-8.288 38.48-14.208 70.448-17.76A88.645 88.645 0 0 0 536.016 749c-1.579-7.499-4.934-13.616-10.064-18.352-5.131-4.933-12.63-7.4-22.496-7.4-10.064 0-19.142 1.973-27.232 5.92-8.091 3.947-14.406 7.696-18.944 11.248l-4.736-7.104c2.96-2.171 7.005-4.637 12.136-7.4 5.13-2.96 11.05-5.525 17.76-7.696 6.709-2.171 13.912-3.256 21.608-3.256 11.05 0 19.733 2.467 26.048 7.4 6.314 4.933 10.754 11.445 13.32 19.536 2.565 8.091 3.848 16.872 3.848 26.344V860h-7.696l-1.184-18.944h-.592c-7.302 5.92-15.392 11.149-24.272 15.688-8.683 4.539-17.76 6.808-27.232 6.808Zm.592-8.288c8.682 0 17.069-2.072 25.16-6.216 8.09-4.144 16.872-10.163 26.344-18.056v-51.504c-20.72 2.368-37.198 5.624-49.432 9.768-12.038 3.947-20.72 8.88-26.048 14.8-5.328 5.92-7.992 12.925-7.992 21.016 0 10.853 3.157 18.648 9.472 23.384 6.512 4.539 14.01 6.808 22.496 6.808ZM600.049 860V718.512h8.88v62.752h87.024v-62.752h8.88V860h-8.88v-70.448h-87.024V860h-8.88Zm192.962 0V726.8h-52.096v-8.288h113.072v8.288h-52.096V860h-8.88Zm120.511 3.552c-7.301 0-14.109-1.283-20.424-3.848-6.117-2.763-11.051-6.907-14.8-12.432-3.749-5.723-5.624-13.024-5.624-21.904 0-15.787 7.499-27.725 22.496-35.816 14.997-8.288 38.48-14.208 70.448-17.76A88.645 88.645 0 0 0 963.25 749c-1.579-7.499-4.933-13.616-10.064-18.352-5.131-4.933-12.629-7.4-22.496-7.4-10.064 0-19.141 1.973-27.232 5.92-8.091 3.947-14.405 7.696-18.944 11.248l-4.736-7.104c2.96-2.171 7.005-4.637 12.136-7.4 5.131-2.96 11.051-5.525 17.76-7.696 6.709-2.171 13.912-3.256 21.608-3.256 11.051 0 19.733 2.467 26.048 7.4 6.315 4.933 10.755 11.445 13.32 19.536 2.565 8.091 3.848 16.872 3.848 26.344V860h-7.696l-1.184-18.944h-.592c-7.301 5.92-15.392 11.149-24.272 15.688-8.683 4.539-17.76 6.808-27.232 6.808Zm.592-8.288c8.683 0 17.069-2.072 25.16-6.216 8.091-4.144 16.872-10.163 26.344-18.056v-51.504c-20.72 2.368-37.197 5.624-49.432 9.768-12.037 3.947-20.72 8.88-26.048 14.8-5.328 5.92-7.992 12.925-7.992 21.016 0 10.853 3.157 18.648 9.472 23.384 6.512 4.539 14.011 6.808 22.496 6.808Zm164.086 8.288c-12.04 0-22.9-2.861-32.56-8.584-9.48-5.92-16.98-14.405-22.5-25.456-5.53-11.051-8.29-24.371-8.29-39.96 0-15.787 2.96-29.205 8.88-40.256 5.92-11.248 13.62-19.733 23.09-25.456 9.67-5.92 20.13-8.88 31.38-8.88 9.86 0 18.05 1.875 24.56 5.624 6.52 3.552 12.14 7.597 16.88 12.136l-5.92 6.512c-4.74-4.539-9.97-8.288-15.69-11.248-5.73-3.157-12.34-4.736-19.83-4.736-10.07 0-19.15 2.861-27.24 8.584-8.09 5.525-14.6 13.32-19.53 23.384-4.74 9.867-7.11 21.312-7.11 34.336 0 13.024 2.17 24.469 6.52 34.336 4.53 9.867 10.85 17.563 18.94 23.088 8.09 5.525 17.56 8.288 28.42 8.288 8.09 0 15.49-1.677 22.2-5.032 6.7-3.355 12.53-7.4 17.46-12.136l5.33 6.512c-5.92 5.328-12.63 9.867-20.13 13.616-7.3 3.552-15.59 5.328-24.86 5.328ZM1187.87 860V726.8h-52.1v-8.288h113.08v8.288h-52.1V860h-8.88Zm96.97 0V718.512h8.88v75.184c0 7.893-.1 16.477-.3 25.752-.2 9.275-.49 18.648-.89 28.12h1.19c2.96-4.539 6.41-9.669 10.36-15.392 3.94-5.92 7.4-11.051 10.36-15.392l67.49-98.272h8.88V860h-8.88v-75.184c0-7.893.09-16.477.29-25.752.4-9.275.69-18.648.89-28.12h-1.18a1661.35 1661.35 0 0 0-10.36 15.392c-3.95 5.723-7.4 10.853-10.36 15.392L1293.72 860h-8.88Zm162.74 0V718.512h8.88v63.344h37.89l15.39-36.112c3.75-8.88 7.2-15.491 10.36-19.832 3.35-4.539 6.61-7.499 9.77-8.88 3.35-1.381 6.9-2.072 10.65-2.072 2.37 0 4.35.395 5.92 1.184l-2.36 8.88c-1.19-.395-2.57-.592-4.15-.592-3.75 0-7.3 1.381-10.65 4.144-3.36 2.565-7.31 9.077-11.84 19.536l-15.99 37.296L1550 860h-10.07l-44.99-69.856h-38.48V860h-8.88Zm163.45 3.552c-7.3 0-14.11-1.283-20.42-3.848-6.12-2.763-11.05-6.907-14.8-12.432-3.75-5.723-5.63-13.024-5.63-21.904 0-15.787 7.5-27.725 22.5-35.816 15-8.288 38.48-14.208 70.45-17.76.19-7.696-.6-15.293-2.37-22.792-1.58-7.499-4.94-13.616-10.07-18.352-5.13-4.933-12.63-7.4-22.49-7.4-10.07 0-19.14 1.973-27.23 5.92s-14.41 7.696-18.95 11.248l-4.73-7.104c2.96-2.171 7-4.637 12.13-7.4 5.13-2.96 11.05-5.525 17.76-7.696 6.71-2.171 13.91-3.256 21.61-3.256 11.05 0 19.73 2.467 26.05 7.4 6.31 4.933 10.75 11.445 13.32 19.536 2.56 8.091 3.85 16.872 3.85 26.344V860h-7.7l-1.18-18.944h-.6c-7.3 5.92-15.39 11.149-24.27 15.688-8.68 4.539-17.76 6.808-27.23 6.808Zm.59-8.288c8.68 0 17.07-2.072 25.16-6.216s16.87-10.163 26.35-18.056v-51.504c-20.72 2.368-37.2 5.624-49.44 9.768-12.03 3.947-20.72 8.88-26.04 14.8-5.33 5.92-8 12.925-8 21.016 0 10.853 3.16 18.648 9.48 23.384 6.51 4.539 14.01 6.808 22.49 6.808Z"/></g><defs><clipPath id="a"><path fill="#fff" d="M0 0h1920v1080H0z"/></clipPath></defs></svg>
\ No newline at end of file
In 1768, Bodoni was invited to run the newly established Stamperia Reale, or Royal Press of Duke Ferdinand in Parma. When Bodoni arrived in Parma, he immediately got to work stocking up on type by the famed French punchcutter Pierre Simon Fournier (1712–68). When Bodoni began to make his own typefaces, he credited Fournier as his primary influence. But from the 1770s, we begin to see a change in Bodoni’s style. Initially, his typography imitated that of Fournier with its rococo decoration and [transitional](/glossary/transitional_neo_classical) style typefaces, but he gradually moved toward a new and distinctive style of his own. He rejected all forms of typographic ornamentation and borders, preferring instead vast expanses of white space, and generous margins. In his typefaces, he increased contrast and introduced very fine—almost unbracketed—serifs, longer ascenders and descenders, and more generous line-spacing. Now, line-spacing we would usually associate with typography rather than the design of typefaces. For centuries, type had typically been set solid; that is with no additional spacers inserted between lines of type. But Bodoni incorporated extra line-space into the type itself. He did this by casting his type on a larger body, thus imitating the appearance of additional line spacing.
-Reproduction of the fine details in Bodoni’s type was made possible by exceptionally smooth paper, new inks, and improved type casting methods. Under magnification, Bodoni’s typefaces reveal remarkably crisp outlines and even fill. Bodoni became a celebrity during his own lifetime for his Modern typefaces and his meticulous typography. And the Modern style took Europe by storm, even reaching America and winning the praise of a printer named Benjamin Franklin, in future to become president of the United States, Franklin wrote to Bodoni in 1787 praising his printing and type: “It is one of the most beautiful that Art has hitherto produced.” Bodoni also counted the Pope and Napoleon as admirers of his work.
+Reproduction of the fine details in Bodoni’s type was made possible by exceptionally smooth paper, new inks, and improved type casting methods. Under magnification, Bodoni’s typefaces reveal remarkably crisp outlines and even fill. Bodoni became a celebrity during his own lifetime for his Modern typefaces and his meticulous typography. And the Modern style took Europe by storm, even reaching America and winning the praise of a printer named Benjamin Franklin, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, who wrote to Bodoni in 1787 praising his printing and type: “It is one of the most beautiful that Art has hitherto produced.” Bodoni also counted the Pope and Napoleon as admirers of his work.
As an interesting historical aside, Bodoni and the Didots did not get along. Unable to fault Bodoni’s typefaces and typography, the brothers Didot, Firmin and his older brother Pierre, chose to attack the textual accuracy of Bodoni’s editions, jumping on even the smallest typos. In 1799 Firmin Didot wrote, “As a literary man, I condemn his editions, as a typographer I admire them.” The snub was fueled by national rivalry, snobbery, and no doubt a good amount of jealousy, too.
You might find these sources valuable for more information on readability and accessibility:
-* Web Usability [https://www.nngroup.com/articles/how-users-read-on-the-web/](https://www.nngroup.com/articles/how-users-read-on-the-web/) (1997)
-* Glanceable fonts [https://www.nngroup.com/articles/glanceable-fonts/](https://www.nngroup.com/articles/glanceable-fonts/) (2017)
-* Interlude reading [https://www.bendsawyer.com/project/towards-individuated-reading-experiences/](https://www.bendsawyer.com/project/towards-individuated-reading-experiences/) (2022)
-* Handwriting in education around the world: [https://www.type-together.com/new-research-handwritting](https://www.type-together.com/new-research-handwritting)
-* Experiencing crowding: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698907005561](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698907005561)
-* Accessibility considerations
-* Individualising reading formats research provided by The Readability Consortium [https://www.thereadabilityconsortium.org/research](https://www.thereadabilityconsortium.org/research)
+* [Web Usability](https://www.nngroup.com/articles/how-users-read-on-the-web/)
+* [Glanceable fonts](https://www.nngroup.com/articles/glanceable-fonts/)
+* [Interlude reading](https://www.bendsawyer.com/project/towards-individuated-reading-experiences/)
+* [Handwriting in education around the world](https://www.type-together.com/new-research-handwritting)
+* [Experiencing crowding](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698907005561)
+* [Individualising reading formats research provided by The Readability Consortium](https://www.thereadabilityconsortium.org/research)
* The Science of Reading Progresses: Communicating Advances Beyond the Simple View of Reading. Duke, N.K., and Cartwright, K.B. (2021). The Science of Reading Progresses: Communicating Advances Beyond the Simple View of Reading. Reading Research Quarterly 56(S1), S25– S44. [https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.411](https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.411)
name: "How type influences readability"
authors: "Hilary Palmen"
+reviewers: "Ben D. Sawyer"
reviewers: "Bonnie Shaver-Troup"
reviewers: "Susanna Zaraysky"
topics: "accessibility"
name: "Introducing accessibility in typography"
authors: "Susanna Zaraysky"
reviewers: "Bonnie Shaver-Troup"
+reviewers: "Hilary Palmen"
+reviewers: "Rain Michaels"
topics: "accessibility"
topics: "readability"
related_terms: "legibility"
-name: "Readability"
+name: "Readability & accessibility"
lessons: "how_type_influences_readability"
lessons: "introducing_accessibility_in_typography"
excerpt: "Making our text readable should be our primary goal when setting and manipulating type. Readability—along with the closely related concepts of legibility and accessibility—is at the core of typography, and yet it’s rarely discussed thoroughly in typographic contexts. In these articles, we examine the qualities of type and typography that make reading easier."

</figure>
-<figcaption>Basic weight change on hover.</figcaption>
+<figcaption>Basic weight change on hover. Typeface: <a href="https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Newsreader">Newsreader</a>.</figcaption>
The effect is rather sudden, switching between weights instantly on hover. With variable fonts, though, it’s possible smooth the effect using a simple transition:

</figure>
+<figcaption>Typeface: <a href="https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Newsreader">Newsreader</a>.</figcaption>
<figure>

</figure>
-<figcaption>Multiplexed fonts prevent shifts in the layout by maintaining the same width requirements across variants.</figcaption>
+<figcaption>Multiplexed fonts prevent shifts in the layout by maintaining the same width requirements across variants. Typeface: <a href="https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Recursive">Recursive</a>.</figcaption>
On a related note, some variable fonts also offer a “[grade](/glossary/grade_axis)” axis separate from (and often in addition to) the standard [weight](/glossary/weight_axis) axis. This allows for multiplexed adjustments to a typeface’s apparent weight even if its standard weight axis would otherwise affect spacing.

</figure>
-<figcaption>Multiplexed hover animations with variations other than standard weight.</figcaption>
+<figcaption>Multiplexed hover animations with variations other than standard weight. Typeface: Cheee Variable.</figcaption>
Finally, for other special interactive effects, keep in mind that `:hover` isn’t limited to just hyperlinks. For example, you can wrap arbitrary elements in their own `span` elements and use that for triggering hover effects. You can also tweak the timing of a transition to make it faster or slower:

-<figcaption>Multiplexed hover effects with more expressive variations, on a letter-by-letter basis.</figcaption>
+<figcaption>Multiplexed hover effects with more expressive variations, on a letter-by-letter basis. Typeface: Cheee Variable.</figcaption>
Interactivity is a virtually infinite space for experience design, and variable fonts offer that much more room for exploration. For more ideas on using variable fonts, see the [other articles listed under the topic of variable fonts](https://fonts.google.com/knowledge/topics/variable_fonts).