ASoC: Intel: catpt: Error handling and debug improvements

Cezary Rojewski <cezary.rojewski@intel.com> says:

Outcome of a long debug to solve one, long-standing bug ocurring very
rarely on Haswell/Broadwell machines during the boot procedure of the
AudioDSP firmware.  Clever/unfortunate user can increase the
reproduction rare to 100%.

The bug: an exception occurring early during FW boot (firmware side, not
the software one) leaves the firmware hanging and the existing software
code is incappable of recognizing such problem.  The only solution a
user currently has is: rmmod and then modprobe the driver.

Recently, together with Krzysztof from the firmware team decided to take
it up and clear the dashboard.

The exception handling takes just a few lines of code (all part of the
first patch), everything else that this patchset is composed of improves
the debugability and logging.  If anything similar pops up, the
developers can see what's going on.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260528083444.1439233-1-cezary.rojewski@intel.com