fix: test: Harden EDE 24 system tests

Harden `ede24` system test in order to avoid random failures, likely caused by timing issues. Also remove expiration-related dead-code (which should have been done in the original ede24 changes) as well as printing the query ID, as this should be useful to debug further flaky system test issues. (In particular, this one, if the changes made here are not enough).

Closes #5625

Merge branch '5625-fix-ede24-test' into 'main'

See merge request isc-projects/bind9!11217