id: "Adlm"
name: "Adlam"
-
+summary: "Adlam (<span class=\'autonym\'>𞤀𞤣𞤤𞤢𞤥 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪</span>) is an African bicameral alphabet, written right-to-left. Used for the Fulani (Fula, 65 million speakers) language in Guinea, which previously used Latin and Arabic. Created around 1989 by two teenage brothers, Ibrahima and Abdoulaye Barry. One of indigenous scripts for specific languages in West Africa, currently taught in Guinea, Nigeria, Liberia and other countries. Adlam has 28 letters, each in four forms. The unjoined variant is suitable for headlines and for educational content. The cursive variant, in which letters join the same way as in Arabic and N’Ko, is suitable for most texts. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Aghb"
name: "Caucasian Albanian"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Caucasian Albanian is a historical European bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. Was used in the 5th–12th century CE for the Caucasian Albanian language, a dialect of Old Udi, in parts of present-day Azerbaijan and Dagestan. Probably based on Greek writing, supposedly devised by Mesrop Mashtots. Has 52 letters."
id: "Ahom"
name: "Ahom"
-
+summary: "Ahom (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑜒𑜑𑜪𑜨</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Was used in the 13th–18th century CE by the Tai Ahom community in India for the now-extinct Ahom language. Later largely replaced by the Assamese language and script."
id: "Arab"
name: "Arabic"
-
+summary: "Arabic (<span class=\'autonym\'>العربية</span>) is a Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left (660 million users). 2nd- or 3rd-most used script in the world. Used for the Arabic language since the 4th century, and for many other languages, often in Islamic countries or communities in Asia, Africa and the Middle East, like Persian, Uyghur, Kurdish, Punjabi, Sindhi, Balti, Balochi, Pashto, Lurish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Rohingya, Somali, Mandinka, Kazakh (in China), Kurdish, or Azeri (in Iran). Was used for Turkish until 1928. Includes 28 basic consonant letters for the Arabic language, plus additional letters for other languages. Some letters represent a consonant or a long vowel, while short vowels are optionally written with diacritics. Variants include Kufi with a very simplified structure, the widely-used Naskh calligraphic variant, and the highly cursive Nastaliq used mainly for Urdu. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Aran"
-name: "Arabic (Nastaliq variant)"
\ No newline at end of file
+name: "Arabic (Nastaliq variant)"
+summary: "Arabic (Nastaliq) is a Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left (250 million users). Default Arabic script variant for the Urdu language, also used for Persian and other languages in Afghanistan, India, Iran, and Pakistan. The Nastaliq variant of Arabic was developed in Persia (now Iran) in the 15th century. Highly cursive, connects a sequence of letters into clusters at a sloping angle. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Armi"
name: "Imperial Aramaic"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Imperial Aramaic is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was the script and language of the Persian Empire in 5th–3rd century BCE. Derived from the Phoenician script. Continued to be used until the 2nd century CE, and later evolved into Syriac, Nabataean, Palmyran and Hebrew (to which it is the closest)."
id: "Armn"
name: "Armenian"
-
+summary: "Armenian (<span class=\'autonym\'>Հայոց գրեր</span>) is a European bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right (12 million users). Created around 405 CE by Mesrop Mashtots. Used for the Armenian language to this day. Was widespread in the 18th–19th centuries CE in the Ottoman Empire. Armenia uses a reformed spelling introduced in the Soviet Union, the Armenian diaspora mostly uses the original Mesropian orthography."
id: "Avst"
name: "Avestan"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Avestan is a historical Middle Eastern alphabet, written right-to-left. Was used in the 5th–13th century CE for Avestan, an Eastern Iranian language. Developed during Iran’s Sassanid era. Was probably in everyday use, though the only surviving examples are religious texts called Avesta. Has 37 consonants and 16 vowels."
id: "Bali"
name: "Balinese"
-
+summary: "Balinese (<span class=\'autonym\'>ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭᬩᬮᬶ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right (5 million users). Used for the Balinese language on the Indonesian islands of Java and Bali, mostly for signage, traditional literature, and, on a limited scale, for new literature. Also used for Old Javanese and Sanskrit. Derived from Old Kawi, similar to Javanese. Has 47 letters. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Bamu"
name: "Bamum"
-
+summary: "Bamum is an African syllabary, written left-to-right (0.4 million users). Used in Cameroon. Developed communally at the end of the 19th century at the instigation of the Bamum King Njoya. Initially was logographic, later evolved into a syllabary. Bamum is being revived after decline since the 1930s."
id: "Bass"
name: "Bassa Vah"
-
+summary: "Bassa Vah is an African bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. Used for the Bassa language spoken in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and by communities in Brazil and the Caribbean. Developed by Dr. Thomas Flo Lewis from a sign system used by the Bassa people to avoid slave traders, later suppressed by colonial powers, fell into disuse. Has 23 consonants, 7 vowels, and 5 tone diacritics."
id: "Batk"
name: "Batak"
-
+summary: "Batak (<span class=\'autonym\'>ᯘᯮᯒᯖ᯲ ᯅᯖᯂ᯲</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written vertically and horizontally left-to-right. Used for the Toba, Karo, Dairi, Mandailing, Simalungun, and Angkola languages used on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Used since the 14th century, standardised in the 1850s. Revived recently after a decline since in the 20th century."
id: "Beng"
name: "Bangla"
+summary: "Bangla (Bengali, Bengali-Assamese, <span class=\'autonym\'>বাংলা বর্ণমালা</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right (265 million users). Used in Bangladesh and India, for the Bengali language, and for other languages like Assamese, Kokborok, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Meitei Manipuri, Rabha, Maithili, Rangpuri, Sylheti, Santali and Sanskrit. Developed in the 11th century CE. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Bhks"
name: "Bhaiksuki"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Bhaiksuki (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑰥𑰹𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰲𑰎𑰱</span>) is a historical Indic abugida. Was used in 11th–12th century CE for Buddhist texts in Sanskrit in the Indian state of Bihar. Also called Arrow-Headed Script, Point-Headed Script, or Sindhura."
id: "Brah"
name: "Brahmi"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Brahmi is a historical Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used in 3rd century BCE–5th century CE in South Asia for Prakrit, Sanskrit, Saka, Tamil, Kannada, Tocharian. Evolved into the many Brahmic scripts used today in South and Southeast Asia. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Brai"
name: "Braille"
-
+summary: "Braille (<span class=\'autonym\'>⠃⠗⠇</span>) is an artificial alphabet, written left-to-right. A tactile writing system used by the visually impaired, traditionally written on embossed paper. Developed 1821 by Louis Braille, who lost his sight at age three. Inspired by Charles Barbier’s night writing code developed for silent military communication. Each sign is a combination of six raised or lowered dots. All 64 combinations stand for Latin letters, common abbreviations and words, and a space. Used for languages that use the Latin script or have a Latin transcription convention."
id: "Bugi"
name: "Buginese"
-
+summary: "Buginese (Lontara, <span class=\'autonym\'>ᨒᨚᨈᨑ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Was used since the 17th century for the Bugis, Makasar, and Mandar languages of Sulawesi in Indonesia (over 7 million speakers). Largely replaced by the Latin alphabet during the period of Dutch colonization, but still used for ceremonial, personal and traditional texts."
id: "Buhd"
name: "Buhid"
-
+summary: "Buhid (Mangyan Baybayin, Surat Mangyan, <span class=\'autonym\'>ᝊᝓᝑᝒ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right (about 9,000 users). Used together with the Filipino Latin script for the Buhid language, spoken by Mangyan people in the Mindoro region of the Philippines."
id: "Cakm"
name: "Chakma"
-
+summary: "Chakma (Ojhapath, Ojhopath, Ajhapath, <span class=\'autonym\'>𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄃𑄧𑄏𑄛𑄖𑄴</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right (170,000 users). Used in Bangladesh and India for the Chakma language, and for Tanchangya in Bangladesh. Brahmic script related to Mon Khmer and Myanmar. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Cans"
name: "Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics"
-
+summary: "Canadian Aboriginal syllabics is a family of American abugidas, written left-to-right (0.5 million users). Used for Cree languages, for Inuktitut (co-official with the Latin script in the territory of Nunavut), for Ojibwe, Blackfoot. Were also used for Dakelh (Carrier), Chipewyan, Slavey, Tłı̨chǫ (Dogrib) and Dane-zaa (Beaver). Created in 1840 by James Evans to write several indigenous Canadian languages. Primarily used in Canada, occasionally in the United States."
id: "Cari"
name: "Carian"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Carian is a historical Middle Eastern alphabet, written left-to-right. Was used in 7th–1st centuries BCE in the Aegean region of today’s Turkey for the Carian language. Was also used in the Nile delta. Had 45 letters."
id: "Cham"
name: "Cham"
-
+summary: "Cham (<span class=\'autonym\'>ꨀꨇꩉ ꨌꩌ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Used in Vietnam and Cambodia for the Cham language (250,000 speakers). The majority of the Cambodian Cham people died during the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s or were forced to use the Cambodian language. Brahmic script. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Cher"
name: "Cherokee"
-
+summary: "Cherokee (<span class=\'autonym\'>ᏣᎳᎩ</span>) is an American bicameral syllabary, written left-to-right. Used in the United States for the Cherokee language (12,000 speakers). Created in 1821 by Sequoyah (also known as George Guess), when it achieved instant popularity. By 1824 most Cherokee were literate in the script. Uses 85 letters."
id: "Chrs"
name: "Chorasmian"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Chorasmian is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was used in the 2nd century BCE–-9th century CE in the Khwarazm region of Central Asia for the now-extinct Chorasmian language, until the language switched to the Arabic script. Derived from Imperial Aramaic."
id: "Copt"
name: "Coptic"
-
+summary: "Coptic is a European bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right (0.4 million users). Since the 2nd century CE was used for the Coptic language, now the liturgical language of the Coptic church. Als used for Andaandi, Nobiin, Old Nubian and Mattokki. Derived from the Greek alphabet."
id: "Cprt"
name: "Cypriot"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Cypriot is a historical European syllabary, written right-to-left. Was used in the 11th–4th centuries BCE in Cyprus for the Greek language. Descended from the Linear A script, closely related to the Linear B script. Was primarily used for record keeping, not literature."
id: "Cyrl"
name: "Cyrillic"
-
+summary: "Cyrillic is a bicameral alphabet originating in Europe, written left-to-right (250 million users). Used for various languages across Eurasia and is used as the national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia and East Asia, including Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Tajik, Kyrgyz, Bashkort, Chechen, Chuvash, Avar, Dargwa, Kabardian, Karakalpak, Kumyk, Lezgi, Ossetic, Pontic, Yakut, Buriat and many others. Created in the 9th century. Traditionally attributed to Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessaloniki working in Bulgaria, after earlier creation of the Glagolitic script. Sometimes attributed to Clement of Ohrid, a student of Saint Cyril’s. Initially used for Old Church Slavonic. Reformed in 1708 by Russian tsar Peter the Great. Extended by the Soviet Union in the 20th century to write over 50 languages throughout Eastern Europe and Asia (some of those languages switched to Latin after 1991)."
id: "Deva"
name: "Devanagari"
-
+summary: "Devanagari (Negari, <span class=\'autonym\'>देवनागरी</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right with a headstroke (over 600 million users). Used in India and Nepal for over 120 languages like Indo-Aryan languages, including Hindi, Nepali, Marathi, Maithili, Awadhi, Newari and Bhojpuri, and for Sanskrit. 4th most widely used script in the world. Brahmic script created in the 1st century CE, the modern form developed in the 7th century. Has 14 vowels and 33 consonants. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Dogr"
name: "Dogra"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Dogra (Dogri, <span class=\'autonym\'>𑠖𑠵𑠌𑠤𑠬</span>) is a historical Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Was used for the Dogri language in Jammu and Kashmir in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Dsrt"
name: "Deseret"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Deseret (<span class=\'autonym\'>𐐔𐐯𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐯𐐻</span>) is a historical American bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. Was used by members of the Church of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) in Utah for writing the English language. Developed in 1854 by George D. Watt as part of a planned phonemic English-language spelling reform. Abandoned around 1877."
id: "Dupl"
name: "Duployan shorthand"
-
+summary: "Duployan shorthand (Sloan-Duployan shorthand, Duployan stenography) is an American alphabet, written left-to-right. Geometric stenography script created in 1860 by Father Émile Duployé for writing French, later expanded and adapted for writing English, German, Spanish, Romanian, and Chinook Jargon. Heavily cursive (connected), allows words to be written in a single stroke. Praised for simplicity and speed of writing. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Egyp"
name: "Egyptian hieroglyphs"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Egyptian hieroglyphs is a historical African logo-syllabary, written left-to-right. Were used about 3000 BCE–400 CE for writing the ancient Egyptian language. Combined logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with a total of some 1,000 distinct characters. Cursive hieroglyphs were used for religious literature on papyrus and wood."
id: "Elba"
name: "Elbasan"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Elbasan is a historical European alphabet, written left-to-right. Was used by Albanian Christians in the mid-18th century. Known primarily from the Elbasan Gospel Manuscript. Since 1909 replaced by the Latin alphabet for Albanian."
id: "Elym"
name: "Elymaic"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Elymaic is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was used around 250 BCE–500 CE in the ancient state of Elymais in the region southeast of the Tigris River in today’s Iran. Descended from Aramaic, poorly attested."
id: "Ethi"
name: "Ethiopic"
-
+summary: "Ethiopic (Geʽez, <span class=\'autonym\'>ግዕዝ, ፊደል</span>) is an African abugida, written left-to-right (18 million users). Used for Ethiosemitic languages like Tigré, Amharic and Tigrinya and some Cushitic and Nilotic languages. Was used in the 1st–12th century CE in Ethiopia and Eritrea for the Geʽez language (now a liturgical language). Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Geok"
name: "Georgian Khutsuri"
-
+summary: "Khutsuri (Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri) is a European bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. Ecclesiastical writing system composed of two alphabets, historically used for writing the Georgian language."
id: "Geor"
name: "Georgian"
-
+summary: "Georgian (<span class=\'autonym\'>ქართული</span>) is a European alphabet, written left-to-right (4.5 million users). Used for the Georgian language of Georgia, and other Kartvelian languages. Since 430 CE, the Georgian language used an inscriptional form (Asomtavruli), which evolved into a manuscript form (Nuskhuri). These are categorized as Khutsuri (ecclesiastical): Asomtavruli is uppercase, Nuskhuri is lowercase. Khutsuri is still used for liturgical purposes, but was replaced by a new case-less form (Mkhedruli) used for nearly all modern Georgian writing. In the 1950s, Akaki Shanidze attempted to add Asomtavruli as uppercase and use Mkhedruli for lowercase, but the effort did not succeed."
id: "Glag"
name: "Glagolitic"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Glagolitic (Glagolitsa, <span class=\'autonym\'>Ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰹⱌⰰ</span>) is a historical European bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. Created around 863 CE, traditionally attributed to Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessaloniki working in Bulgaria. The oldest known Slavic alphabet. Was used throughout the Balkans in tandem with the later-created Cyrillic until the 13th century, after which time it was largely replaced by Cyrillic. In Croatia, Glagolitic continued to be used until the 19th century, particularly in the church. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Gong"
name: "Gunjala Gondi"
-
+summary: "Gunjala Gondi (Koytura Gunjala Lipi, <span class=\'autonym\'>𑵶𑶍𑶕𑶀𑵵𑶊 𑵶𑶓𑶕𑶂𑶋 𑵵𑶋𑶅𑶋</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used in India’s northern Telangana, eastern Maharashtra, southeastern Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh regions for the Gondi language. Was used to write manuscripts dated ca. 1750 that were discovered 2006 in Gunjala, a Gond village in the Indian state of Telangana. Recently revived among the Gond population. Unrelated to the 1918-created Masaram Gondi. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Gonm"
name: "Masaram Gondi"
-
+summary: "Masaram Gondi is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Created 1918 by Munshi Mangal Singh Masaram. Brahmic script, not widely used. Unrelated to the historic Gunjala Gondi. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Goth"
name: "Gothic"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Gothic is a historical European alphabet, written left-to-right. Was used in c. 350–600 CE or writing the Gothic language. Created by the bishop Ulfilas for religious purposes. Uses uncial forms of the Greek alphabet, with a few additional letters to express Gothic phonology."
id: "Gran"
name: "Grantha"
-
+summary: "Grantha (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌨𑍍𑌥</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used since the 7th century CE for writing religious texts in Sanskrit and Dravidian languages. Related to Tamil. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Grek"
name: "Greek"
-
+summary: "Greek (<span class=\'autonym\'>Ελληνικά</span>) is a European bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right (11 million users). Used to write the Greek language since the 8th century BCE. Also used to write other languages like Urum, Albanian Tosk, and Balkan Gagauz Turkish. Some symbols are also used in scientific notation. Derived from Phoenician. First “true alphabet”, with distinct letters for consonants and vowels. Standardized in the 4th century BCE by Eucleides. Has 24 letters. Some letter variants (sigma: σ/ς) have positional significance in the Greek language, other variants only differ in meaning in scientific notation (e.g. pi: π/ϖ). The Greek language used to be written in polytonic spelling, with three accents on vowels. In 1982, Greece introduced monotonic spelling with a single diacritic. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Gujr"
name: "Gujarati"
-
+summary: "Gujarati (<span class=\'autonym\'>ગુજરાતી</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right without a headstroke (48 million users). Used in India since the 16th century CE for the Gujarati and Chodri languages. Also used alongside Devanagari for languages used by the Bhil people. Related to Devanagari. Was used mainly for bookkeeping and correspondence until the mid-19th century. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Guru"
name: "Gurmukhi"
-
+summary: "Gurmukhi (<span class=\'autonym\'>ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right with a headstroke (22 million users). Used in India for the Punjabi language by followers of the Sikh religion. Brahmic script. Current form developed in the 16th century by Guru Angad. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Hani"
name: "Han"
-
+summary: "Han (Hanzi, Kanji, Hanja, <span class=\'autonym\'>汉字, 漢字</span>) is an East Asian logo-syllabary, written vertically right-to-left and horizontally left-to-right (over 1.3 billion users). Used at least since the Shang dynasty (1600–1046 BCE) to write the Chinese (Sinitic) languages like Mandarin and Cantonese, but also, today or in the past, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Okinawan, Zhuang, Miao and other languages. The Han script has regional variations: Traditional Chinese (since the 5th century CE, today used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau), Simplified Chinese (used since 1949–1956 in mainland China, Singapore, and Malaysia), Japanese (called Hanji, used together with the Hiragana and Katakana syllabaries in Japan), Korean (called Hanja, widely used for the Korean language since 400 BCE until the mid-20th century). Fundamentally the same characters represent the same or highly related concepts across dialects and languages, which themselves are often mutually unintelligible or completely unrelated. Some 2,100–2,500 Han characters are required for basic literacy, some 5,200–6,300 for reading typical texts. Many more are needed for specialized or historical texts: the Unicode Standard encodes over 94,000 Han characters. "
id: "Hano"
name: "Hanunoo"
-
+summary: "Hanunoo (<span class=\'autonym\'>ᜱᜨᜳᜨᜳᜢ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, unusually written in upward vertical columns that are read left-to-right. Used in the mountains of Mindoro, South Philippines since c. 1300 for the Hanunó\'o language (18,000 speakers). Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Hans"
name: "Simplified Han"
-
+summary: "Simplified Han (<span class=\'autonym\'>简化字</span>) is an East Asian logo-syllabary, written vertically right-to-left and horizontally left-to-right (over 1.3 billion users). Used in mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. ((TODO))"
id: "Hant"
name: "Traditional Han"
-
+summary: "Traditional Han (<span class=\'autonym\'>漢字</span>) is an East Asian logo-syllabary, written vertically right-to-left and horizontally left-to-right (over 30 million users). Used in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. ((TODO))"
id: "Hatr"
name: "Hatran"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Hatran is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was used for Aramaic of Hatra, a dialect spoken by early inhabitants of today’s northern Iraq in 98 BCE–240 CE. "
id: "Hebr"
name: "Hebrew"
-
+summary: "Hebrew (<span class=\'autonym\'>עברית</span>) is a Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left (14 million users). Used for the Hebrew, Samaritan and Yiddish languages. Also used for some varieties of Arabic and for the languages of Jewish communities across the world. Has 22 consonant letters, 5 have positional variants. Vowels in Hebrew language are normally omitted except for long vowels which are sometimes written with the consonant letters אהוי (those were vowel-only letters until the 9th century). Children’s and school books use niqqud diacritics for all vowels. Religious texts may use cantillation marks for indicating rhythm and stress. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Hira"
name: "Hiragana"
-
+summary: "Hiragana (<span class=\'autonym\'>平仮名, ひらがな</span>) is an East Asian syllabary, written vertically right-to-left and horizontally left-to-right (120 million users). Used in Japan for Japanese and the Ryukyuan languages. Hiragana is used to write okurigana (kana suffixes following a kanji root, for example to inflect verbs and adjectives), various grammatical and function words including particles, as well as miscellaneous other native words for which there are no kanji or whose kanji form is obscure or too formal for the writing purpose."
id: "Hluw"
name: "Anatolian Hieroglyphs"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Anatolian (Luwian, Hittite) hieroglyphs is a historical Middle Eastern logo-syllabary, written boustrophedon. Were used c. 2000–700 BCE for the Luwian language. The script has about 500 signs."
id: "Hmng"
name: "Pahawh Hmong"
-
+summary: "Pahawh Hmong (<span class=\'autonym\'>𖬖𖬰𖬝𖬵 𖬄𖬶𖬟 𖬌𖬣𖬵</span>) is an East Asian syllabary. Used in China, Vietnam, Laos and Thailand for the Hmong language (over 0.2 million speakers). The script as a whole is read left-to-right but each syllable is written right-to-left. Created in 1959 by Shong Lue. Hmong is also written in the Romanized Popular Alphabet by William Smalley. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Hmnp"
name: "Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong"
-
+summary: "Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong (<span class=\'autonym\'>𞄐𞄦𞄲𞄤𞄎𞄫𞄰𞄚𞄧𞄲𞄤𞄔𞄬𞄱</span>) is an alphabet, written left-to-right. Used for the White Hmong and Green Hmong languages by members of the United Christians Liberty Evangelical Church in the USA, in Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, France, and in Australia. Created in the 1980s by Reverend Chervang Kong."
id: "Hung"
name: "Old Hungarian"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Old Hungarian (Hungarian runic, rovás, <span class=\'autonym\'>𐲥𐳋𐳓𐳉𐳗-𐲘𐳀𐳎𐳀𐳢 𐲢𐳛𐳮𐳀𐳤</span>) is a European abjad. Used in 9th–11th century CE (possibly earlier) for the Hungarian language, later replaced with the Latin alphabet except for some religious texts. Used in some circles since the 15th century to this day. Written left-to-right or right-to-left. Uses ligatures. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Ital"
name: "Old Italic"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Old Italic is a group of historical European bicameral alphabets, written left-to-right. Used in 700–100 BCE in today’s Italy for Etruscan, Oscan, Umbrian, Venetic and other languages. Based on Greek, evolved into the Runic and Latin scripts."
id: "Java"
name: "Javanese"
-
+summary: "Javanese (Aksara Jawa, <span class=\'autonym\'>ꦄꦏ꧀ꦱꦫꦗꦮ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Used since the 15h century for the Javanese language on the Indonesian island of Java. Also used for Sundanese, Madurese, Sasak, Indonesian, Kawi, Sanskrit. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Jpan"
name: "Japanese"
-
+summary: "Japanese Kanji (<span class=\'autonym\'>漢字</span>) is an East Asian logo-syllabary, written left-to-right (126 million users). Used together with the Hiragana and Katakana syllabaries in Japan for the Japanese language. Noun, verb, adjective and some adverb stems use kanji (the most basic set is 2,136). Grammatical elements use Hiragana, loan words and emphasis use Katakana. Kanji is primarily derived from the traditional Chinese Han characters."
id: "Kali"
name: "Kayah Li"
-
+summary: "Kayah Li (<span class=\'autonym\'>ꤊꤢꤛꤢꤟ ꤜꤤ</span>) is a Southeast Asian alphabet, written left-to-right. Used in Myanmar and Thailand for Kayah languages (150,000 users). Created in 1962 by Htae Bu Phae."
id: "Kana"
name: "Katakana"
-
+summary: "Katakana (<span class=\'autonym\'>片仮名、カタカナ</span>) is an East Asian syllabary, written vertically right-to-left and horizontally left-to-right (126 million users). Used in Japan for Japanese, Ryukyuan, Ainu and Palauan, and formerly for Taiwanese Hokkien. Katakana is used for transcription of foreign-language words into Japanese, for the writing of loan words, for emphasis, to represent onomatopoeia, for technical and scientific terms, for names of plants, animals and minerals, and often for names of Japanese companies."
id: "Khar"
name: "Kharoshthi"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Kharoshthi (<span class=\'autonym\'>𐨑𐨪𐨆𐨯𐨠𐨁</span>) is a historical Indic abugida, written right-to-left. Was used in the 4th century BCE–3rd century CE in Gandhara (now Pakistan and north-eastern Afghanistan) for Gandhari Prakrit and Sanskrit."
id: "Khmr"
name: "Khmer"
-
+summary: "Khmer (<span class=\'autonym\'>អក្សរខ្មែរ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right (12 million users). Used since the 7th century in Cambodia for the Khmer language. Also used for Brao, Mnong, Pali. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Khoj"
name: "Khojki"
-
+summary: "Khojki (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑈉𑈲𑈐𑈈𑈮</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used since the 16th century in today’s Pakistan and India by the Khoja people for religious texts in the Sindhi language. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Knda"
name: "Kannada"
-
+summary: "Kannada (<span class=\'autonym\'>ಕನ್ನಡ ಲಿಪಿ</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right, partially with a headstroke (45 million users). Used in southern India for the Kannada language as well as Konkani, Tulu, Badaga, Kudiya, Paniya. Related to Telugu. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Kore"
name: "Korean"
-
+summary: "Korean Hanja (<span class=\'autonym\'>한자, 漢字</span>) is an East Asian logo-syllabary, written left-to-right. Based on traditional Chinese Han characters, Hanja was used for the Korean language until 1446, when King Sejong introduced Hangul. Until the mid-20th century Hanja and Hangul were used in parallel or mixed. Today, the vast majority of Korean text uses Hangul but Hanja is still used in some context, and schools teach some 1,000-3,000 Hanja symbols."
id: "Kthi"
name: "Kaithi"
-
+summary: "Kaithi (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑂍𑂶𑂟𑂲</span>) is a historical Indic abugida, written left-to-right without a headstroke. Was used in the 16th–20th century in Northern and Eastern India for Indo-Aryan languages like Angika, Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Hindustani, Magahi, Maithili, Nagpuri. Except in the state of Bihar, was discouraged under British rule in India. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Lana"
name: "Lanna"
-
+summary: "Lanna (Tai Tham) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Used in Thailand and China for the Northern Thai language. Was also used for the Lü and Khün languages. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Laoo"
name: "Lao"
-
+summary: "Lao (<span class=\'autonym\'>ລາວ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right (7 million users). Used since the 14th century in Laos the Lao language, and also for Isan, Thai. Derived from the Khmer script. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Latn"
name: "Latin"
-
+summary: "Latin (Roman) is a European bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. The most popular writing system in the world. Used for over 3,000 languages including Latin and Romance languages (Italian, French, Portuguese, Spanish and Romanian), Germanic languages (English, Dutch, German, Nordic languages), Finnish, Malaysian, Indonesian, Filipino, Visayan languages, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Polish, Somali, Vietnamese, and many others. Derived from Western Greek, attested in Rome in the 7th century BCE. In the common era, numerous European languages adopted the Latin script along with Western Christian religion, the script disseminated further with European colonization of the Americas, Australia, parts of Asia, Africa and the Pacific. New letters, ligatures and diacritical marks were gradually added to represent the sounds of various languages."
id: "Lepc"
name: "Lepcha"
-
+summary: "Lepcha (Róng, <span class=\'autonym\'>ᰛᰩᰴ</span>) is a Central Asian abugida, written left-to-right (50,000 users). Used since the 18th century in India, Nepal and Bhutan for the Tibeto-Burman Lepcha language. Derived from Tibetan writing. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Limb"
name: "Limbu"
-
+summary: "Limbu (Kiranti, Sirijonga, <span class=\'autonym\'>ᤕᤰᤌᤢᤱ ᤐᤠᤴ</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used in Nepal and northern India for the Limbu language (0.4 million speakers), which is also written in Devanagari. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Lina"
name: "Linear A"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Linear A is a historical undeciphered European logo-syllabary, written left-to-right. Was used 1800-1450 BCE in ancient Crete, alongside Cretan Hieroglyphs, for the hypothesized Minoan language. Succeeded by Linear B."
id: "Linb"
name: "Linear B"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Linear B is a historical European logo-syllabary, written boustrophedon. Used for ancient Greek. Was used 1375-1100 BCE for writing Mycenaean Greek, the earliest attested Greek language form. Was deciphered in 1953. Has 87 syllabic signs and over 100 ideographic signs."
id: "Lisu"
name: "Fraser"
-
+summary: "Fraser (Old Lisu) is an East Asian alphabet, written left-to-right (1 million users). Used in China, Myanmar, India and Thailand for the Lisu language. Also used for Lipo, Naxi, Zaiwa, Lakkia. Created 1915 by Sara Ba Thaw and improved by James O. Fraser. Based on the Latin script. Official Lisu language script in China since 1992."
id: "Lyci"
name: "Lycian"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Lycian is a historical European alphabet, written left-to-right. Was used 500-330 BCE in today’s southern Turkey for the Lycian language. Has 29 letters, visually similar to archaic Greek."
id: "Lydi"
name: "Lydian"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Lydian is a historical European alphabet, written right-to-left. Was used 700–200 BCE in today’s Turkish Manisa and İzmir for the Lydian language. Visually similar to archaic Greek."
id: "Mahj"
name: "Mahajani"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Mahajani (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑅬𑅱𑅛𑅧𑅑</span>) is a historical Indic alphabet, written left-to-right. Was used until the mid-20th century in today’s northwest India and eastern Pakistan as a trade and accounting script done in Hindi, Marwari and Punjabi. "
id: "Maka"
name: "Makasar"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Makasar (Old Makassarese, <span class=\'autonym\'>𑻪𑻢𑻪𑻢</span>) is a historical Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Was used in the 17th–19th century on the Indonesian island Sulawesi through for the Makassarese language. Later replaced by Buginese (Lontara). Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Mand"
name: "Mandaean"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Mandaean (Mandaic) is a Middle Eastern alphabet, written right-to-left. is Used in Iraq and Iran for Mandaic, a liturgical language of the Mandaean religion (5,000 speakers). Evolved from the Aramaic script. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Mani"
name: "Manichaean"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Manichaean is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was used in the 3rd–10th century CE by the followers of Manichaeanism, an Iranian Gnostic religion, for Middle Iranian languages and for Old Uyghur. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Marc"
name: "Marchen"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Marchen is a historical Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Marchen (Greater Mar) was used by followers of the Tibetan Bön religion for writing the Zhang-zhung language. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Medf"
name: "Medefaidrin"
-
+summary: "Medefaidrin (Oberi Okaime, <span class=\'autonym\'>𖹝𖹰𖹯𖹼𖹫 𖹚𖹬𖹾𖹠𖹯</span>) is an African bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. Used for the Medefaidrin artificial language used for religious purposes by members of the Oberi Okaime church in the Cross River State of Nigeria. Created in the 1930s by Michael Ukpong and Akpan Akpan Udofia. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Mend"
name: "Mende"
-
+summary: "Mende (Mende Kikakui) is an African abugida, written right-to-left. Used in Sierra Leone for the Mende language (2 million speakers). Created by Mohammed Turay. Was widely used in the early 20th century, later largely replaced by the Latin script. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Merc"
name: "Meroitic Cursive"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Meroitic Cursive is a historical Middle Eastern abugida, written right-to-left. Was used in 300 BCE–600 CE in today’s Sudan by the Kush (Meroë) people for the Meroitic language. Derived from Demotic Egyptian, used alongside Meroitic Hieroglyphs, and later Coptic. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Mero"
name: "Meroitic Hieroglyphs"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Meroitic Hieroglyphs is a historical Middle Eastern logo-syllabary, written vertically right-to-left. Was used in 300 BCE–600 CE in today’s Sudan by the Kush (Meroë) people for the Meroitic language. Derived from Egyptian Hieroglyphs, used alongside Meroitic Cursive, and later Coptic."
id: "Mlym"
name: "Malayalam"
-
+summary: "Malayalam (<span class=\'autonym\'>മലയാളം</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right (38 million users). Used since c. 830 CE in India for Malayalam (official language of the Kerala state), Irula, Paniya and some other languages. Derived from the a Vatteluttu alphabet. Has 15 vowel letters, 42 consonant letters, and a few other symbols. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Modi"
name: "Modi"
-
+summary: "Modi (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑘦𑘻𑘚𑘲</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Was used in 1800s–1950s in India for Marathi (the state language of Maharashtra). Largely replaced by Devanagari. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Mong"
name: "Mongolian"
-
+summary: "Mongolian (<span class=\'autonym\'>ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ</span>) is a Central Asian alphabet, written left-to-right in vertical columns or rotated horizontal lines. Used for the Mongolian language in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia (2 million speakers). Also used for Daur, Xibe and Manchu in China, for Southern Altai and Kalmyk-Oirat in Russia, and for Buriat in Mongolia. Derived in the 13th century from Old Uyghur, related to Galik, Todo, Manchu and Sibe. Has 8 vowel and 27 consonant letters. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Mroo"
name: "Mro"
-
+summary: "Mro (Mru, Murong) is an Indic alphabet, written left-to-right. Used in Bangladesh for the Mru language (30,000 speakers). Created in the 1980s by Menlay Murang (Manley Mro)."
id: "Mtei"
name: "Meetei Mayek"
-
+summary: "Meetei Mayek (Meitei, <span class=\'autonym\'>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used in India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar for the Meitei language (1.4 million users). Was used until the 18th century, then replaced by the Bengali script. Revived since the 1930s. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Mult"
name: "Multani"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Multani (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑊠𑊣𑊖𑊚</span>) is a historical Indic abjad. Was used in the 18th–20th century in today’s India and Pakistan for the Saraiki language, mainly by merchants."
id: "Mymr"
name: "Myanmar"
-
+summary: "Myanmar (Burmese, <span class=\'autonym\'>မြန်မာ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right (40 million users). Used since c. 1000 CE in Myanmar for the Burmese and Mon languages. Also used for some Karen languages. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Nand"
name: "Nandinagari"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Nandinagari (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑧁𑧞𑧤𑦿𑧁𑧑𑦰𑧈𑧓</span>) is a historical Indic abugida, written left-to-right, with unconnected headstrokes. Was used in the 8th–19th centuries in South India for Sanskrit texts about philosophy, science and the arts. Closely related to Devanagari."
id: "Narb"
name: "Old North Arabian"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Old North Arabian (Ancient North Arabian) is a group of historical Middle Eastern abjads. They were used in north and central Arabia and south Syria in the 8th century BCE–4th century CE, presumably for Old Arabic, Dadanitic, Taymanitic."
id: "Nbat"
name: "Nabataean"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Nabataean is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was used in northern Arabia and the southern Levant in the 2nd century BCE–4th century CE for the Nabataean language. Derived from Aramaic, evolved into the Arabic script. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Newa"
name: "Newa"
-
+summary: "Newa (Pracalit) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used in Nepal mainly for Newari (Nepal Bhasa), also for Sanskrit, Pali. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Nkoo"
name: "N’Ko"
-
+summary: "N’Ko (<span class=\'autonym\'>ߒߞߏ</span>) is an African alphabet, written right-to-left. Used in West Africa for the Manding languages. Created in 1949 by Solomana Kante. The name of the script means “I say”. Has 19 consonants, 7 vowels and 8 diacritics. Influenced by the Arabic script."
id: "Nshu"
name: "Nüshu"
-
+summary: "Nüshu (<span class=\'autonym\'>𛆁𛈬</span>) is an East Asian logo-syllabary, written vertically left-to-right. Was used in the 13th–20th centuries by women in Jiangyong County in Hunan province of southern China, mainly for the Chinese dialect Xiangnan Tuhua. Recently revived."
id: "Ogam"
name: "Ogham"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Ogham (<span class=\'autonym\'>᚛ᚑᚌᚐᚋ᚜</span>) is a historical European alphabet. Was written bottom-to-top, left-to-right or boustrophedon. Was used in the 5th–10th centuries CE in Ireland, Wales, Devon, Cornwall, and on the Isle of Man, for the Primitive Irish, Old Irish, Pictish, and Old Norse languages. Uses 20 symbols."
id: "Olck"
name: "Ol Chiki"
-
+summary: "Ol Chiki (Ol Cemet’, Ol, Santali, <span class=\'autonym\'>ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ</span>) is an Indic alphabet, written left-to-right. Used in India, Bangladesh and Nepal for Santhali (6 million speakers), alongside Devanagari, Bengali, Oriya and Latin. Created in the 1920s by Pandit Raghunath Murmu. Has 6 vowel and 24 consonant letters."
id: "Orkh"
name: "Orkhon"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Orkhon runic (Old Turkic) is a historical Central Asian alphabet, written right-to-left or boustrophedon. Was used in the 8th–13th centuries in Mongolia and Siberia for Turkic languages. Earliest examples discovered in 1889 on the banks of the Orkhon river. Superficially similar to Germanic runes and to Old Hungarian."
id: "Orya"
name: "Odia"
-
+summary: "Odia (Oriya, <span class=\'autonym\'>ଉତ୍କଳ</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right (21 million users). Used since the c. 14th century in India for the Odia language (state language of Orissa). Also used for Dravidian and Munda languages. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Osge"
name: "Osage"
-
+summary: "Osage is an American bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. Used in the USA for the revitalized native Osage language. Derived from Latin 2006–2014 by Herman Mongrain Lookout."
id: "Osma"
name: "Osmanya"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Osmanya (Far Soomaali, Farta Cismaanya, <span class=\'autonym\'>𐒍𐒖𐒇𐒂𐒖 𐒋𐒘𐒈𐒑𐒛𐒒𐒕𐒖</span>) is a historical African alphabet, written left-to-right. Was sporadically used 1922-1973 for writing the Somali language. Created by Cusmaan Yuusuf Keenadiid. Almost fully replaced by the Latin script in 1973."
id: "Ougr"
-name: "Old Uyghur"
\ No newline at end of file
+name: "Old Uyghur"
+historical: true
+summary: "Old Uyghur is a historical Central Asian abjad. Was used in Turfanand Gansu in c. 700s–1800s for the Old Uyghur language, a variety of Old Turkic. Evolved into the Mongolian and Manchu scripts."
id: "Palm"
name: "Palmyrene"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Palmyrene is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was used in c. 100 BCE–300 CE between Damascus and the Euphrates river for the Palmyrenean dialect of West Aramaic."
id: "Pauc"
name: "Pau Cin Hau"
-
+summary: "Pau Cin Hau is a Southeast Asian alphabet, written left-to-right. Used in Myanmar for the Zomi language by the followers of the Laipian and, later, Christian religions. Created c. 1902 by Pau Cin Hau, intially as a logographic script, 1932 reduced to an alphabet."
id: "Perm"
name: "Old Permic"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Old Permic (Abur) is a historical European alphabet, written left-to-right. Was used in the 14th-17th centuries in the West of the Ural mountains for the Komi language (0.3 million speakers). Created by St. Stephen of Perm. Was gradually replaced by Cyrillic. Visually similar to Cyrillic and Greek. Had 34 letters."
id: "Phag"
name: "Phags-pa"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Phags-pa (ʼPhags-pa, <span class=\'autonym\'>ꡏꡡꡃ ꡣꡡꡙ ꡐꡜꡞ</span>) is a historical Central Asian abugida, written vertically right-to-left. Was sporadically used 1269–1360 in the Yuan empire as a unified script for Mongolian, Tibetan, Sanskrit, Chinese, Persian, Uyghur. Created by the Tibetan monk and State Preceptor Drogön Chögyal Phagpa for Kublai Khan."
id: "Phli"
name: "Inscriptional Pahlavi"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Inscriptional Pahlavi is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was presumably used in the 2nd century BCE–5th century CE as a monumental script for Middle Iranian languages. The letters are disconnected. Later evolved into Psalter Pahlavi and Book Pahlavi."
id: "Phlp"
name: "Psalter Pahlavi"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Psalter Pahlavi is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was presumably used in the mid-6th–7th century CE for Middle Persian. The letters are connected. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Phnx"
name: "Phoenician"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Phoenician is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was used c. 1050–150 BCE in the Mediterranean region for the Phoenician and Punic languages. First widespread phonetic script, derived from Egyptian hieroglyphics."
id: "Plrd"
name: "Pollard Phonetic"
-
+summary: "Pollard Phonetic (Pollard Miao) is an East Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Used in southern China and Southeast Asia for the A-Hmao, Lipo, Szechuan Miao, Nasu languages. Created 1936 by Samuel Pollard, inspired by Canadian Aboriginal syllabics. Revised in 1988, remains popular among the Hmong people in China."
id: "Prti"
name: "Inscriptional Parthian"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Inscriptional Parthian is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was used around 250 BC in today’s north-eastern Iran for the Parthian language, and, along with Inscriptional Pahlavi and Psalter Pahlavi, for other Iranian and Indo-European languages. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Ranj"
name: "Ranjana"
-
+summary: "Ranjana is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used in Nepal for the Newari (Nepal Bhasa) language, which also used Prachalit, Bhujimol, Kutila, Golmol, and Litumol. Prachalit and Ranjana still survive today but Newari is mostly written in Devanagari. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Rjng"
name: "Rejang"
-
+summary: "Rejang (Kaganga, Redjang, <span class=\'autonym\'>ꥆꤰ꥓ꤼꤽ ꤽꥍꤺꥏ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Used in Indonesia for the Rejang and Malay languages, but Latin script is now mostly used for the Rejang language."
id: "Rohg"
-name: "Hanifi Rohingya"
\ No newline at end of file
+name: "Hanifi Rohingya"
+summary: "Hanifi Rohingya (<span class=\'autonym\'>𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 𐴇𐴝𐴕𐴞𐴉𐴞 𐴓𐴠𐴑𐴤𐴝</span>) is a Southeast Asian script, written right-to-left. Used in Myanmar since the 1980s for the Rohingya language (1.5 million speakers), which was previously witten in Arabic script. Created by Mohammad Hanif."
id: "Runr"
name: "Runic"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Runic is a historical European alphabet, written left-to-right or boustrophedon. Used in Northern Europe in 150–1000 CE for Germanic languages. The Scandinavian variants are also called Futhark or Fuþark. Derived from Old Italic. Gradually replaced with the Latin script. Still used for specialized purposes, by occultist, mystic, and esoteric movements, and in fantasy literature."
id: "Samr"
name: "Samaritan"
-
+summary: "Samaritan is a Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Used since 600 BCE by the Samaritans for religious writings in Samaritan Hebrew and Samaritan Aramaic. Derived from Phoenician. Most Hebrew religious writings use the Hebrew script. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Sarb"
name: "Old South Arabian"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Old South Arabian (Musnad, Epigraphic South Arabian, Sayhadic) is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was used in the 6th–8th centuries CE in today’s Yemen and throughout the Arabian peninsula for a group of related now-extinct Semitic languages. Evolved into Ethiopic script, was replaced by Arabic script."
id: "Saur"
name: "Saurashtra"
-
+summary: "Saurashtra is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used since the 19th century in Southern India for the Indo-European Saurashtra language (130,000 speakers), alongside Tamil, Gijarati, Telugu, and Devanagari scripts."
id: "Shaw"
name: "Shavian"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Shavian (<span class=\'autonym\'>𐑖𐑱𐑝𐑾𐑯 𐑨𐑤𐑓𐑩𐑚𐑧𐑑</span>) is an artificial alphabet, written left-to-right. Created around 1960 by Ronald Kingsley Read for phonetic spelling of English. The winning entry in a competition posthumously funded by playwright Bernard Shaw. Also adopted for Esperanto. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Shrd"
name: "Sharada"
-
+summary: "Sharada (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑆯𑆳𑆫𑆢𑆳</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right, partially with a headstroke. Used in c. 700–1950s for Kashmiri and Sanskrit, first throughout India, later only in Kashmir. Now used only by the Kashmiri Pandits for religious and ceremonial purposes. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Sidd"
name: "Siddham"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Siddham (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑖭𑖰𑖟𑖿𑖠𑖽</span>) is a historical Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Was used in 600–1200 CE for Sanskrit, first in southern India, later also in China, Japan and Korea. Still occasionally used by Buddhists in Japan. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Sind"
name: "Khudawadi"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Khudawadi (Sindhi, <span class=\'autonym\'>𑊻𑋩𑋣𑋏𑋠𑋔𑋠𑋏𑋢</span>) is a historical Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Was used in the Sindh province of Pakistan and in India for the Sindhi language (20 million speakers). Now replaced by Nastaliq in Pakistan, and by Devanagari in India. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Sinh"
name: "Sinhala"
-
+summary: "Sinhala (<span class=\'autonym\'>සිංහල</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used since c. 300 CE in Sri Lanka for the Sinhala language (15 million speakers), for Pali and Sanskrit. The “pure” letter set has 20 consonant and 20 vowel letters, and is used for the sounds of the spoken Sinhala. The “mixed” letter set (18 more consonant letters) is used for correct spelling, which often reflect archaic pronunciations, and for non-Sinhala words and languages. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Sogd"
name: "Sogdian"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Sogdian (<span class=\'autonym\'>𐼼𐼴𐼶𐼹𐼷𐼸</span>) is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was used in 7th–14th centuries CE, alongside Manichaean and Syriac, for the middle Iranian Sogdian language spoken in parts of today’s Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan and China. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Sogo"
name: "Old Sogdian"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Old Sogdian (<span class=\'autonym\'>𐼑𐼇𐼄𐼌𐼊𐼋</span>) is a group of historical Middle Eastern abjads, written right-to-left. These precursors to the Sogdian script were used in the 3rd–5th centuries CE for the historic Sogdian language."
id: "Sora"
name: "Sora Sompeng"
-
+summary: "Sora Sompeng (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑃐𑃦𑃝𑃗 𑃐𑃦𑃖𑃛𑃣𑃗</span>) is an Indic syllabary, written left-to-right. Used in India for the Sora language (0.3 million speakers). Created in 1936 by Mangei Gomango to replace non-native scripts previously used for the Sora language: Telugu, Oriya and an IPA-based script. Has 24 letters."
id: "Soyo"
name: "Soyombo"
-
+summary: "Soyombo (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑪞𑪞</span>) is a historical Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Was used in 1686–18th century as a ceremonial and decorative script for the Mongolian language. Also sporadically used for Tibetan and Sanskrit. Created by Bogdo Zanabazar. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Sund"
name: "Sundanese"
-
+summary: "Sundanese (<span class=\'autonym\'>ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. The standard form (Aksara Sunda Baku, <span class=\'autonym\'>ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮊᮥ</span>) is used on the Indonesian island Java since 1996 for the Sundanese language (27 million speakers), and is derived from Old Sundanese script (Aksara Sunda Kuno, <span class=\'autonym\'>ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮊᮥᮔ</span>) used in the 14th–18th centuries. The Sudanese language also uses Latin script. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Sylo"
name: "Syloti Nagri"
-
+summary: "Syloti Nagri (Sylheti Nagri, <span class=\'autonym\'>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠘꠣꠉꠞꠤ</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used in Bangladesh for the Sylheti language. Supposedly created in the 14th century, attested in the 17th century. Since the mid-20th century almost entirely replaced by the Bengali and Latin scripts. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Syrc"
name: "Syriac"
-
+summary: "Syriac (<span class=\'autonym\'>ܐܠܦ ܒܝܬ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ</span>) is a Middle Eastern abjad, written right-to-left. Was used in West Asia for Syriac (now only used in the Syrian church), and also Aramaic, Neo-Aramaic, Turoyo/Surayt. Attested in 6 CE. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Tagb"
name: "Tagbanwa"
-
+summary: "Tagbanwa (<span class=\'autonym\'>ᝦᝪᝯ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Used in the Philippines since c. 1300 for the Tagbanwa language (8–25,000 speakers). Has 13 consontants. The script and language are in decline, being replaced by Tagalog."
id: "Takr"
name: "Takri"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Takri (<span class=\'autonym\'>𑚔𑚭𑚊𑚤𑚯</span>) is a historical Indic abugida, written left-to-right, mostly without a headstroke. Was used in the 16th–19th centuries in today’s India and Pakistan for the Chambeali and Dogri languages, and for Pahari languages like Jaunsari and Kulvi. Related to the Dogri script."
id: "Tale"
name: "Tai Le"
-
+summary: "Tai Le (<span class=\'autonym\'>ᥖᥭᥰᥘᥫᥴ</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Used in Yunnan, China since c. 1200 CE for the Tai Le (Tai Nüa) language. Revised several times in 1952–1988."
id: "Talu"
name: "New Tai Lue"
-
+summary: "New Tai Lue (Xishuangbanna Dai) is a Southeast Asian alphabet, written left-to-right. Development in China since the 1950s for the Tai Lü language as a replacement for the Tai Tham script, which is also still used. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Taml"
name: "Tamil"
-
+summary: "Tamil (<span class=\'autonym\'>தமிழ்</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right (70 million users). Used in India, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia and Mauritius for the Tamil language, and other languages like Irula, Badaga, Kurumba, Paniya, Saurashtra. Has 18 consonants (modest set for Brahmic scripts) and 12 vowels. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Tang"
name: "Tangut"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Tangut (Xixia, <span class=\'autonym\'>𗼇𗟲</span>) is a historical East Asian logo-syllabary, written vertically left-to-right. Was widely used in China in 1036–1502 for the now-extinct Tangut language. Superficially similar to Chinese writing, but not related. Had almost 6,000 characters."
id: "Tavt"
name: "Tai Viet"
-
+summary: "Tai Viet is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Used since the 16th century in Vietnam, Laos, China and Thailand for the Tai Dam, Tai Dón, Tai Daeng, Thai Song and Tày Tac languages. Has 31 consonants and 14 vowels. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Telu"
name: "Telugu"
-
+summary: "Telugu (<span class=\'autonym\'>తెలుగు</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right without a headstroke. Used since c. 1300 CE in South India for the Telugu language (74 million speakers), state language of Andhra Pradesh. Also used for Chenchu, Savara, Manna-Dora, for Sanskrit and Gondi. Closely related to the Kannada script. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Tfng"
name: "Tifinagh"
-
+summary: "Tifinagh (<span class=\'autonym\'>ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ</span>) is an African abjad. Used alongside the Berber Latin Alphabet for Berber languages of North Africa (1 million speakers), and for Tuareg languages."
id: "Tglg"
name: "Tagalog"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Tagalog (Baybayin, Alibata, <span class=\'autonym\'>ᜊᜌ᜔ᜊᜌᜒᜈ᜔</span>) is a historical Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Was used in the Philippines in the 13th–18th centuries for the Tagalog language (21 million speakers), which is now written in the Latin script."
id: "Thaa"
name: "Thaana"
-
+summary: "Thaana (<span class=\'autonym\'>ދިވެހި</span>) is an Indic alphabet, written right-to-left (350,000 users). Used on the Maldives and in India for the Maldivian (Mahl, Dhivehi) language, which also uses a Latin transliteration."
id: "Thai"
name: "Thai"
-
+summary: "Thai (<span class=\'autonym\'>ไทย</span>) is a Southeast Asian abugida, written left-to-right (38 million users). Used since 1283 in Thailand, Laos and China for the Thai, Northern Thai, Northeastern Thai, Southern Thai, Thai Song and Pali languages. Related to the Lao script. Uses 44 letters for 21 consonants. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Tibt"
name: "Tibetan"
-
+summary: "Tibetan (<span class=\'autonym\'>བོད</span>) is a Central Asian abugida, written left-to-right (5 million users). Used since c. 650 CE in Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal and India for the Tibetan, Dzongkha, Ladakhi and Sikkimese languages and for religious Sanskrit texts. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Tirh"
name: "Tirhuta"
-
+summary: "Tirhuta (Mithilakshar) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Was used in India and Nepal for the Maithili language (35 million speakers), which now mostly uses Devanagari. Tirhuta is still occasionally used for ceremonial purposes."
id: "Tnsa"
name: "Tangsa"
+summary: "Tangsa is an Indic alphabet. Used by the Tangsa (Tangshang, Hawa) people at the border between India and Myanmar."
id: "Toto"
name: "Toto"
-
+summary: "Toto is an Indic alphabet, written left-to-right. Created in 2015 by Dhaniram Toto for the 1,500 speakers of the Toto language, who live in a single jungle village in India near Bhutan. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Ugar"
name: "Ugaritic"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Ugaritic is a historical Middle Eastern abjad, written left-to-right. Was used in today’s Syria in 1500-1300 BCE for the Ugaritic language, and also for Hurrian. Has 30 letters that visually resemble cuneiform."
id: "Vaii"
name: "Vai"
-
+summary: "Vai (<span class=\'autonym\'>ꕙꔤ</span>) is an African syllabary, written left-to-right. Used in Liberia and Sierra Leone for the Vai language (115,000 speakers). Created in the 1830s by Mɔmɔlu Duwalu Bukɛlɛ. Has 212 symbols. Possibly influenced by the Cherokee syllabary."
id: "Vith"
name: "Vithkuqi"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Vithkuqi (Büthakukye) is a historical European bicameral alphabet, written left-to-right. Created around 1840 by Naum Veqilharxhi for the Albanian language."
id: "Wara"
name: "Varang Kshiti"
-
+summary: "Varang Kshiti (Warang Citi, <span class=\'autonym\'>𑢹𑣗𑣁𑣜𑣊 𑣏𑣂𑣕𑣂</span>) is an Indic abugida, written left-to-right. Used in India for the Ho language, alongside Devanagari and Latin."
id: "Wcho"
name: "Wancho"
-
+summary: "Wancho is an Indic alphabet, written left-to-right. Created 2001–2012 by Banwang Losu in India for the Wancho language. Some schools teach the Wancho script but the language generally uses Devanagari and Latin script."
id: "Xpeo"
name: "Old Persian"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Old Persian is a historical Middle Eastern semisyllabary, written left-to-right. Was used around 525 BCE–330 BCE for Old Persian. Resembles Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform."
id: "Xsux"
name: "S-A Cuneiform"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform is a historical Middle Eastern logo-syllabary, written left-to-right. Was used at least since 3200 BCE in today’s Iraq for the now-exinct Sumerian language. Was later used in today’s Iran, Turkey, Syria, and Egypt, for languages like Akkadian, Elamite, Hittite, Luwian and Urartian. Widely believed to be the first writing system in the world. Combined logographic, consonantal alphabetic and syllabic signs. Since c. 900 BCE gradually replaced by the Aramaic script."
id: "Yezi"
name: "Yezidi"
-
+summary: "Yezidi (Yazidi) is a Middle Eastern abjad. Used in Kurdistan, Iraq, Syria, Turkey and the Caucasus for religious texts in the Kurdish and Arabic languages."
id: "Yiii"
name: "Yi"
-
+summary: "Yi (Modern Yi, <span class=\'autonym\'>ꆈꌠꁱꂷ</span>) is an East Asian logo-syllabary, written horizontally left-to-right (modern) or vertically right-to-left (traditional). Used for the Nuosu Yi language (2 million users) in the Liangshan Yi region of China. Yi signs are made from five basic strokes; dot, horizontal line, vertical line, arch and circle. Attested 500 years ago, believed to be use for perhaps even 5000 years. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
id: "Zanb"
name: "Zanabazar"
-
+historical: true
+summary: "Zanabazar Square (Mongolian Square, <span class=\'autonym\'>𑨢𑨆𑨏𑨳𑨋𑨆𑨬𑨳</span>) is a historical Central Asian abugida, written left-to-right. Was used in Mongolia for writing the Mongolian, Sanskrit and Tibetan languages. Created in the late 17th century by the Tibetan Buddhism leader Zanabazar, who also developed the the Soyombo script. Needs software support for complex text layout (shaping)."
projects / thirdparty / google / fonts.git / commitdiff
