]> git.ipfire.org Git - thirdparty/lxc.git/commitdiff
Revert "pam: create writable cgroups for unpriv users"
authorStéphane Graber <stgraber@ubuntu.com>
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 22:25:58 +0000 (17:25 -0500)
committerStéphane Graber <stgraber@ubuntu.com>
Wed, 21 Feb 2018 22:25:58 +0000 (17:25 -0500)
This reverts commit 799566212468620fd0de3796c82447f002844419.

Before we can merge something like this we need to have it be behind a
configure flag and quite probably be an opt-in feature (--enable-pam).

This should fix Jenkins, PPA builds and the current binary conflicts
between the lxcfs and lxc package builds (snap and archive).

Signed-off-by: Stéphane Graber <stgraber@ubuntu.com>
configure.ac
src/lxc/Makefile.am
src/lxc/pam/pam_cgfs.c [deleted file]

index 26bbe28e0067608d229cc3a871c11a2631edbee0..224e1f15e0b395b93f7cdafbf4dc397a7b513089 100644 (file)
@@ -607,35 +607,6 @@ else
 fi
 AM_CONDITIONAL([IS_BIONIC], [test "x$is_bionic" = "xyes"])
 
-AC_ARG_WITH(
-       [pamdir],
-       [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-pamdir=PATH],[Specify the directory where PAM modules are stored,
-                                               or "none" if PAM modules are not to be built])],
-       [pamdir="${withval}"],
-       [
-               if test "${prefix}" = "/usr"; then
-                       pamdir="/lib${libdir##*/lib}/security"
-               else
-                       pamdir="\$(libdir)/security"
-               fi
-       ]
-)
-
-AM_CONDITIONAL([HAVE_PAM], [test x"$pamdir" != "xnone"])
-if test "z$pamdir" != "znone"; then
-       AC_ARG_VAR([PAM_CFLAGS], [C compiler flags for pam])
-       AC_ARG_VAR([PAM_LIBS], [linker flags for pam])
-       AC_CHECK_LIB(
-               [pam],
-               [pam_authenticate],
-               [PAM_LIBS="-lpam"],
-               [AC_MSG_ERROR([*** libpam not found.])
-               ])
-
-       AC_SUBST(PAM_LIBS)
-       AC_SUBST([pamdir])
-fi
-
 # Some systems lack PR_CAPBSET_DROP definition => HAVE_DECL_PR_CAPBSET_DROP
 AC_CHECK_DECLS([PR_CAPBSET_DROP], [], [], [#include <sys/prctl.h>])
 
@@ -955,9 +926,6 @@ Security features:
  - seccomp: $enable_seccomp
  - SELinux: $enable_selinux
 
-PAM:
- - cgroup PAM module: $pamdir
-
 Bindings:
  - lua: $enable_lua
  - python3: $enable_python
index e79e5dc28be15a59eecbf02768384719ad89fd52..8e7c64c46ee59852aa96ea91cb02daf2b8bd5380 100644 (file)
@@ -305,14 +305,6 @@ init_lxc_static_LDADD = @CAP_LIBS@
 init_lxc_static_CFLAGS = $(AM_CFLAGS) -DNO_LXC_CONF
 endif
 
-if HAVE_PAM
-pam_LTLIBRARIES = pam_cgfs.la
-pam_cgfs_la_SOURCES = pam/pam_cgfs.c macro.h
-pam_cgfs_la_CFLAGS = $(AM_CFLAGS)
-pam_cgfs_la_LIBADD = $(AM_LIBS) $(PAM_LIBS) -L$(top_srcdir)
-pam_cgfs_la_LDFLAGS = $(AM_LDFLAGS) -module -avoid-version -shared
-endif
-
 install-exec-local: install-libLTLIBRARIES
        mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/lxc
        install -c -m 644 lxc.functions $(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/lxc
@@ -327,10 +319,3 @@ install-exec-hook:
 
 uninstall-local:
        $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(libdir)/liblxc.so*
-if HAVE_PAM
-       $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(pamdir)/pam_cgfs.so*
-
-install-data-hook: install-pamLTLIBRARIES
-       $(RM) "$(DESTDIR)$(pamdir)/pam_cgfs.la"
-       $(RM) "$(DESTDIR)$(pamdir)/pam_cgfs.a"
-endif
diff --git a/src/lxc/pam/pam_cgfs.c b/src/lxc/pam/pam_cgfs.c
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 3df8dae..0000000
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2595 +0,0 @@
-/* pam-cgfs
- *
- * Copyright © 2016 Canonical, Inc
- * Author: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
- * Author: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
- *
- * When a user logs in, this pam module will create cgroups which the user may
- * administer. It handles both pure cgroupfs v1 and pure cgroupfs v2, as well as
- * mixed mounts, where some controllers are mounted in a standard cgroupfs v1
- * hierarchy location (/sys/fs/cgroup/<controller>) and others are in the
- * cgroupfs v2 hierarchy.
- * Writeable cgroups are either created for all controllers or, if specified,
- * for any controllers listed on the command line.
- * The cgroup created will be "user/$user/0" for the first session,
- * "user/$user/1" for the second, etc.
- *
- * Systems with a systemd init system are treated specially, both with respect
- * to cgroupfs v1 and cgroupfs v2. For both, cgroupfs v1 and cgroupfs v2, We
- * check whether systemd already placed us in a cgroup it created:
- *
- *     user.slice/user-uid.slice/session-n.scope
- *
- * by checking whether uid == our uid. If it did, we simply chown the last
- * part (session-n.scope). If it did not we create a cgroup as outlined above
- * (user/$user/n) and chown it to our uid.
- * The same holds for cgroupfs v2 where this assumptions becomes crucial:
- * We __have to__ be placed in our under the cgroup systemd created for us on
- * login, otherwise things like starting an xserver or similar will not work.
- *
- * All requested cgroups must be mounted under /sys/fs/cgroup/$controller,
- * no messing around with finding mountpoints.
- *
- * See COPYING file for details.
- */
-
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <pwd.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <syslog.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <linux/unistd.h>
-#include <sys/mount.h>
-#include <sys/param.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/vfs.h>
-
-#define PAM_SM_SESSION
-#include <security/_pam_macros.h>
-#include <security/pam_modules.h>
-
-#include "utils.h"
-
-#define pam_cgfs_debug_stream(stream, format, ...)                                \
-       do {                                                                   \
-               fprintf(stream, "%s: %d: %s: " format, __FILE__, __LINE__,     \
-                       __func__, __VA_ARGS__);                                \
-       } while (false)
-
-#define pam_cgfs_error(format, ...) pam_cgfs_debug_stream(stderr, format, __VA_ARGS__)
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-#define pam_cgfs_debug(format, ...) pam_cgfs_error(format, __VA_ARGS__)
-#else
-#define pam_cgfs_debug(format, ...)
-#endif /* DEBUG */
-
-/* Taken over modified from the kernel sources. */
-#define NBITS 32 /* bits in uint32_t */
-#define DIV_ROUND_UP(n, d) (((n) + (d)-1) / (d))
-#define BITS_TO_LONGS(nr) DIV_ROUND_UP(nr, NBITS)
-
-static enum cg_mount_mode {
-       CGROUP_UNKNOWN = -1,
-       CGROUP_MIXED = 0,
-       CGROUP_PURE_V1 = 1,
-       CGROUP_PURE_V2 = 2,
-       CGROUP_UNINITIALIZED = 3,
-} cg_mount_mode = CGROUP_UNINITIALIZED;
-
-/* Common helper functions. Most of these have been taken from LXC. */
-static void append_line(char **dest, size_t oldlen, char *new, size_t newlen);
-static int append_null_to_list(void ***list);
-static void batch_realloc(char **mem, size_t oldlen, size_t newlen);
-static inline void clear_bit(unsigned bit, uint32_t *bitarr)
-{
-       bitarr[bit / NBITS] &= ~(1 << (bit % NBITS));
-}
-static char *copy_to_eol(char *s);
-static void free_string_list(char **list);
-static char *get_mountpoint(char *line);
-static bool get_uid_gid(const char *user, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid);
-static int handle_login(const char *user, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
-static inline bool is_set(unsigned bit, uint32_t *bitarr)
-{
-       return (bitarr[bit / NBITS] & (1 << (bit % NBITS))) != 0;
-}
-static bool is_lxcfs(const char *line);
-static bool is_cgv1(char *line);
-static bool is_cgv2(char *line);
-static void *must_alloc(size_t sz);
-static void must_add_to_list(char ***clist, char *entry);
-static void must_append_controller(char **klist, char **nlist, char ***clist,
-                                  char *entry);
-static void must_append_string(char ***list, char *entry);
-static void mysyslog(int err, const char *format, ...) __attribute__((sentinel));
-static char *read_file(char *fnam);
-static int read_from_file(const char *filename, void* buf, size_t count);
-static int recursive_rmdir(char *dirname);
-static inline void set_bit(unsigned bit, uint32_t *bitarr)
-{
-       bitarr[bit / NBITS] |= (1 << (bit % NBITS));
-}
-static bool string_in_list(char **list, const char *entry);
-static char *string_join(const char *sep, const char **parts, bool use_as_prefix);
-static void trim(char *s);
-static bool write_int(char *path, int v);
-static ssize_t write_nointr(int fd, const void* buf, size_t count);
-static int write_to_file(const char *filename, const void *buf, size_t count,
-                        bool add_newline);
-
-/* cgroupfs prototypes. */
-static bool cg_belongs_to_uid_gid(const char *path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
-static uint32_t *cg_cpumask(char *buf, size_t nbits);
-static bool cg_copy_parent_file(char *path, char *file);
-static char *cg_cpumask_to_cpulist(uint32_t *bitarr, size_t nbits);
-static bool cg_enter(const char *cgroup);
-static void cg_escape(void);
-static bool cg_filter_and_set_cpus(char *path, bool am_initialized);
-static ssize_t cg_get_max_cpus(char *cpulist);
-static int cg_get_version_of_mntpt(const char *path);
-static bool cg_init(uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
-static void cg_mark_to_make_rw(char **list);
-static void cg_prune_empty_cgroups(const char *user);
-static bool cg_systemd_created_user_slice(const char *base_cgroup,
-                                         const char *init_cgroup,
-                                         const char *in, uid_t uid);
-static bool cg_systemd_chown_existing_cgroup(const char *mountpoint,
-                                            const char *base_cgroup, uid_t uid,
-                                            gid_t gid,
-                                            bool systemd_user_slice);
-static bool cg_systemd_under_user_slice_1(const char *in, uid_t uid);
-static bool cg_systemd_under_user_slice_2(const char *base_cgroup,
-                                         const char *init_cgroup, uid_t uid);
-static void cg_systemd_prune_init_scope(char *cg);
-static bool is_lxcfs(const char *line);
-
-/* cgroupfs v1 prototypes. */
-struct cgv1_hierarchy {
-       char **controllers;
-       char *mountpoint;
-       char *base_cgroup;
-       char *fullcgpath;
-       char *init_cgroup;
-       bool create_rw_cgroup;
-       bool systemd_user_slice;
-};
-
-static struct cgv1_hierarchy **cgv1_hierarchies;
-
-static void cgv1_add_controller(char **clist, char *mountpoint,
-                               char *base_cgroup, char *init_cgroup);
-static bool cgv1_controller_in_clist(char *cgline, char *c);
-static bool cgv1_controller_lists_intersect(char **l1, char **l2);
-static bool cgv1_controller_list_is_dup(struct cgv1_hierarchy **hlist,
-                                       char **clist);
-static bool cgv1_create(const char *cgroup, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
-                       bool *existed);
-static bool cgv1_create_one(struct cgv1_hierarchy *h, const char *cgroup,
-                           uid_t uid, gid_t gid, bool *existed);
-static bool cgv1_enter(const char *cgroup);
-static void cgv1_escape(void);
-static bool cgv1_get_controllers(char ***klist, char ***nlist);
-static char *cgv1_get_current_cgroup(char *basecginfo, char *controller);
-static char **cgv1_get_proc_mountinfo_controllers(char **klist, char **nlist,
-                                                 char *line);
-static bool cgv1_handle_cpuset_hierarchy(struct cgv1_hierarchy *h,
-                                        const char *cgroup);
-static bool cgv1_handle_root_cpuset_hierarchy(struct cgv1_hierarchy *h);
-static bool cgv1_init(uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
-static void cgv1_mark_to_make_rw(char **clist);
-static char *cgv1_must_prefix_named(char *entry);
-static bool cgv1_prune_empty_cgroups(const char *user);
-static bool cgv1_remove_one(struct cgv1_hierarchy *h, const char *cgroup);
-static bool is_cgv1(char *line);
-
-/* cgroupfs v2 prototypes. */
-struct cgv2_hierarchy {
-       char **controllers;
-       char *mountpoint;
-       char *base_cgroup;
-       char *fullcgpath;
-       char *init_cgroup;
-       bool create_rw_cgroup;
-       bool systemd_user_slice;
-};
-
-/* Actually this should only be a single hierarchy. But for the sake of
- * parallelism and because the layout of the cgroupfs v2 is still somewhat
- * changing, we'll leave it as an array of structs.
- */
-static struct cgv2_hierarchy **cgv2_hierarchies;
-
-static void cgv2_add_controller(char **clist, char *mountpoint,
-                               char *base_cgroup, char *init_cgroup,
-                               bool systemd_user_slice);
-static bool cgv2_create(const char *cgroup, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
-                       bool *existed);
-static bool cgv2_enter(const char *cgroup);
-static void cgv2_escape(void);
-static char *cgv2_get_current_cgroup(int pid);
-static bool cgv2_init(uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
-static void cgv2_mark_to_make_rw(char **clist);
-static bool cgv2_prune_empty_cgroups(const char *user);
-static bool cgv2_remove(const char *cgroup);
-static bool is_cgv2(char *line);
-
-/* Create directory and (if necessary) its parents. */
-static bool mkdir_parent(const char *root, char *path)
-{
-       char *b, orig, *e;
-
-       if (strlen(path) < strlen(root))
-               return false;
-
-       if (strlen(path) == strlen(root))
-               return true;
-
-       b = path + strlen(root) + 1;
-       while (true) {
-               while (*b && (*b == '/'))
-                       b++;
-               if (!*b)
-                       return true;
-
-               e = b + 1;
-               while (*e && *e != '/')
-                       e++;
-
-               orig = *e;
-               if (orig)
-                       *e = '\0';
-
-               if (file_exists(path))
-                       goto next;
-
-               if (mkdir(path, 0755) < 0) {
-                       pam_cgfs_debug("Failed to create %s: %s.\n", path, strerror(errno));
-                       return false;
-               }
-
-       next:
-               if (!orig)
-                       return true;
-
-               *e = orig;
-               b = e + 1;
-       }
-
-       return false;
-}
-
-/* Common helper functions. Most of these have been taken from LXC. */
-static void mysyslog(int err, const char *format, ...)
-{
-       va_list args;
-
-       va_start(args, format);
-       openlog("PAM-CGFS", LOG_CONS | LOG_PID, LOG_AUTH);
-       vsyslog(err, format, args);
-       va_end(args);
-       closelog();
-}
-
-/* realloc() pointer in batch sizes; do not fail. */
-#define BATCH_SIZE 50
-static void batch_realloc(char **mem, size_t oldlen, size_t newlen)
-{
-       int newbatches = (newlen / BATCH_SIZE) + 1;
-       int oldbatches = (oldlen / BATCH_SIZE) + 1;
-
-       if (!*mem || newbatches > oldbatches)
-               *mem = must_realloc(*mem, newbatches * BATCH_SIZE);
-}
-
-/* Append lines as is to pointer; do not fail. */
-static void append_line(char **dest, size_t oldlen, char *new, size_t newlen)
-{
-       size_t full = oldlen + newlen;
-
-       batch_realloc(dest, oldlen, full + 1);
-
-       memcpy(*dest + oldlen, new, newlen + 1);
-}
-
-/* Read in whole file and return allocated pointer. */
-static char *read_file(char *fnam)
-{
-       FILE *f;
-       int linelen;
-       char *line = NULL, *buf = NULL;
-       size_t len = 0, fulllen = 0;
-
-       f = fopen(fnam, "r");
-       if (!f)
-               return NULL;
-
-       while ((linelen = getline(&line, &len, f)) != -1) {
-               append_line(&buf, fulllen, line, linelen);
-               fulllen += linelen;
-       }
-
-       fclose(f);
-       free(line);
-
-       return buf;
-}
-
-/* Given a pointer to a null-terminated array of pointers, realloc to add one
- * entry, and point the new entry to NULL. Do not fail. Return the index to the
- * second-to-last entry - that is, the one which is now available for use
- * (keeping the list null-terminated).
- */
-static int append_null_to_list(void ***list)
-{
-       int newentry = 0;
-
-       if (*list)
-               for (; (*list)[newentry]; newentry++) {
-                       ;
-               }
-
-       *list = must_realloc(*list, (newentry + 2) * sizeof(void **));
-       (*list)[newentry + 1] = NULL;
-
-       return newentry;
-}
-
-/* Append new entry to null-terminated array of pointer; make sure that array of
- * pointers will still be null-terminated.
- */
-static void must_append_string(char ***list, char *entry)
-{
-       int newentry;
-       char *copy;
-
-       newentry = append_null_to_list((void ***)list);
-       copy = must_copy_string(entry);
-       (*list)[newentry] = copy;
-}
-
-/* Remove newlines from string. */
-static void trim(char *s)
-{
-       size_t len = strlen(s);
-
-       while ((len > 0) && s[len - 1] == '\n')
-               s[--len] = '\0';
-}
-
-/* Allocate pointer; do not fail. */
-static void *must_alloc(size_t sz)
-{
-       return must_realloc(NULL, sz);
-}
-
-/* Make allocated copy of string. End of string is taken to be '\n'. */
-static char *copy_to_eol(char *s)
-{
-       char *newline, *sret;
-       size_t len;
-
-       newline = strchr(s, '\n');
-       if (!newline)
-               return NULL;
-
-       len = newline - s;
-       sret = must_alloc(len + 1);
-       memcpy(sret, s, len);
-       sret[len] = '\0';
-
-       return sret;
-}
-
-/* Check if given entry under /proc/<pid>/mountinfo is a fuse.lxcfs mount. */
-static bool is_lxcfs(const char *line)
-{
-       char *p = strstr(line, " - ");
-       if (!p)
-               return false;
-
-       return strncmp(p, " - fuse.lxcfs ", 14) == 0;
-}
-
-/* Check if given entry under /proc/<pid>/mountinfo is a cgroupfs v1 mount. */
-static bool is_cgv1(char *line)
-{
-       char *p = strstr(line, " - ");
-       if (!p)
-               return false;
-
-       return strncmp(p, " - cgroup ", 10) == 0;
-}
-
-/* Check if given entry under /proc/<pid>/mountinfo is a cgroupfs v2 mount. */
-static bool is_cgv2(char *line)
-{
-       char *p = strstr(line, " - ");
-       if (!p)
-               return false;
-
-       return strncmp(p, " - cgroup2 ", 11) == 0;
-}
-
-/* Given a null-terminated array of strings, check whether @entry is one of the
- * strings
- */
-static bool string_in_list(char **list, const char *entry)
-{
-       char **it;
-
-       for (it = list; it && *it; it++)
-               if (strcmp(*it, entry) == 0)
-                       return true;
-
-       return false;
-}
-
-/*
- * Creates a null-terminated array of strings, made by splitting the entries in
- * @str on each @sep. Caller is responsible for calling free_string_list.
- */
-static char **make_string_list(const char *str, const char *sep)
-{
-       char *copy, *tok;
-       char *saveptr = NULL;
-       char **clist = NULL;
-
-       copy = must_copy_string(str);
-
-       for (tok = strtok_r(copy, sep, &saveptr); tok;
-            tok = strtok_r(NULL, sep, &saveptr))
-               must_add_to_list(&clist, tok);
-
-       free(copy);
-
-       return clist;
-}
-
-/* Gets the length of a null-terminated array of strings. */
-static size_t string_list_length(char **list)
-{
-       size_t len = 0;
-       char **it;
-
-       for (it = list; it && *it; it++)
-               len++;
-
-       return len;
-}
-
-/* Free null-terminated array of strings. */
-static void free_string_list(char **list)
-{
-       char **it;
-
-       for (it = list; it && *it; it++)
-               free(*it);
-       free(list);
-}
-
-/* Write single integer to file. */
-static bool write_int(char *path, int v)
-{
-       FILE *f;
-       bool ret = true;
-
-       f = fopen(path, "w");
-       if (!f)
-               return false;
-
-       if (fprintf(f, "%d\n", v) < 0)
-               ret = false;
-
-       if (fclose(f) != 0)
-               ret = false;
-
-       return ret;
-}
-
-/* Recursively remove directory and its parents. */
-static int recursive_rmdir(char *dirname)
-{
-       struct dirent *direntp;
-       DIR *dir;
-       int r = 0;
-
-       dir = opendir(dirname);
-       if (!dir)
-               return -ENOENT;
-
-       while ((direntp = readdir(dir))) {
-               struct stat st;
-               char *pathname;
-
-               if (!direntp)
-                       break;
-
-               if (!strcmp(direntp->d_name, ".") ||
-                   !strcmp(direntp->d_name, ".."))
-                       continue;
-
-               pathname = must_make_path(dirname, direntp->d_name, NULL);
-
-               if (lstat(pathname, &st)) {
-                       if (!r)
-                               pam_cgfs_debug("Failed to stat %s.\n", pathname);
-                       r = -1;
-                       goto next;
-               }
-
-               if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
-                       goto next;
-
-               if (recursive_rmdir(pathname) < 0)
-                       r = -1;
-next:
-               free(pathname);
-       }
-
-       if (rmdir(dirname) < 0) {
-               if (!r)
-                       pam_cgfs_debug("Failed to delete %s: %s.\n", dirname, strerror(errno));
-               r = -1;
-       }
-
-       if (closedir(dir) < 0) {
-               if (!r)
-                       pam_cgfs_debug("Failed to delete %s: %s.\n", dirname, strerror(errno));
-               r = -1;
-       }
-
-       return r;
-}
-
-/* Add new entry to null-terminated array of pointers. Make sure array is still
- * null-terminated.
- */
-static void must_add_to_list(char ***clist, char *entry)
-{
-       int newentry;
-
-       newentry = append_null_to_list((void ***)clist);
-       (*clist)[newentry] = must_copy_string(entry);
-}
-
-/* Get mountpoint from a /proc/<pid>/mountinfo line. */
-static char *get_mountpoint(char *line)
-{
-       int i;
-       char *p, *sret, *p2;
-       size_t len;
-
-       p = line;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-               p = strchr(p, ' ');
-               if (!p)
-                       return NULL;
-               p++;
-       }
-
-       p2 = strchr(p, ' ');
-       if (p2)
-               *p2 = '\0';
-
-       len = strlen(p);
-       sret = must_alloc(len + 1);
-       memcpy(sret, p, len);
-       sret[len] = '\0';
-
-       return sret;
-}
-
-/* Create list of cgroupfs v1 controller found under /proc/self/cgroup. Skips
- * the 0::/some/path cgroupfs v2 hierarchy listed. Splits controllers into
- * kernel controllers (@klist) and named controllers (@nlist).
- */
-static bool cgv1_get_controllers(char ***klist, char ***nlist)
-{
-       FILE *f;
-       char *line = NULL;
-       size_t len = 0;
-
-       f = fopen("/proc/self/cgroup", "r");
-       if (!f)
-               return false;
-
-       while (getline(&line, &len, f) != -1) {
-               char *p, *p2, *tok;
-               char *saveptr = NULL;
-
-               p = strchr(line, ':');
-               if (!p)
-                       continue;
-               p++;
-
-               p2 = strchr(p, ':');
-               if (!p2)
-                       continue;
-               *p2 = '\0';
-
-               /* Skip the v2 hierarchy. */
-               if ((p2 - p) == 0)
-                       continue;
-
-               for (tok = strtok_r(p, ",", &saveptr); tok;
-                               tok = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &saveptr)) {
-                       if (strncmp(tok, "name=", 5) == 0)
-                               must_append_string(nlist, tok);
-                       else
-                               must_append_string(klist, tok);
-               }
-       }
-
-       free(line);
-       fclose(f);
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Get list of controllers for cgroupfs v2 hierarchy by looking at
- * cgroup.controllers and/or cgroup.subtree_control of a given (parent) cgroup.
-static bool cgv2_get_controllers(char ***klist)
-{
-       return -ENOSYS;
-}
-*/
-
-/* Get current cgroup from /proc/self/cgroup for the cgroupfs v2 hierarchy. */
-static char *cgv2_get_current_cgroup(int pid)
-{
-       int ret;
-       char *cgroups_v2;
-       char *current_cgroup;
-       char *copy = NULL;
-       /* The largest integer that can fit into long int is 2^64. This is a
-        * 20-digit number. */
-#define __PIDLEN /* /proc */ 5 + /* /pid-to-str */ 21 + /* /cgroup */ 7 + /* \0 */ 1
-       char path[__PIDLEN];
-
-       ret = snprintf(path, __PIDLEN, "/proc/%d/cgroup", pid);
-       if (ret < 0 || ret >= __PIDLEN)
-               return NULL;
-
-       cgroups_v2 = read_file(path);
-       if (!cgroups_v2)
-               return NULL;
-
-       current_cgroup = strstr(cgroups_v2, "0::/");
-       if (!current_cgroup)
-               goto cleanup_on_err;
-
-       current_cgroup = current_cgroup + 3;
-       copy = copy_to_eol(current_cgroup);
-       if (!copy)
-               goto cleanup_on_err;
-
-cleanup_on_err:
-       free(cgroups_v2);
-       if (copy)
-               trim(copy);
-
-       return copy;
-}
-
-/* Given two null-terminated lists of strings, return true if any string is in
- * both.
- */
-static bool cgv1_controller_lists_intersect(char **l1, char **l2)
-{
-       char **it;
-
-       if (!l2)
-               return false;
-
-       for (it = l1; it && *it; it++)
-               if (string_in_list(l2, *it))
-                       return true;
-
-       return false;
-}
-
-/* For a null-terminated list of controllers @clist, return true if any of those
- * controllers is already listed the null-terminated list of hierarchies @hlist.
- * Realistically, if one is present, all must be present.
- */
-static bool cgv1_controller_list_is_dup(struct cgv1_hierarchy **hlist, char **clist)
-{
-       struct cgv1_hierarchy **it;
-
-       for (it = hlist; it && *it; it++)
-               if ((*it)->controllers)
-                       if (cgv1_controller_lists_intersect((*it)->controllers, clist))
-                               return true;
-       return false;
-
-}
-
-/* Set boolean to mark controllers under which we are supposed create a
- * writeable cgroup.
- */
-static void cgv1_mark_to_make_rw(char **clist)
-{
-       struct cgv1_hierarchy **it;
-
-       for (it = cgv1_hierarchies; it && *it; it++)
-               if ((*it)->controllers)
-                       if (cgv1_controller_lists_intersect((*it)->controllers, clist) ||
-                               string_in_list(clist, "all"))
-                               (*it)->create_rw_cgroup = true;
-}
-
-/* Set boolean to mark whether we are supposed to create a writeable cgroup in
- * the cgroupfs v2 hierarchy.
- */
-static void cgv2_mark_to_make_rw(char **clist)
-{
-       if (string_in_list(clist, "unified") || string_in_list(clist, "all"))
-               if (cgv2_hierarchies)
-                       (*cgv2_hierarchies)->create_rw_cgroup = true;
-}
-
-/* Wrapper around cgv{1,2}_mark_to_make_rw(). */
-static void cg_mark_to_make_rw(char **clist)
-{
-       cgv1_mark_to_make_rw(clist);
-       cgv2_mark_to_make_rw(clist);
-}
-
-/* Prefix any named controllers with "name=", e.g. "name=systemd". */
-static char *cgv1_must_prefix_named(char *entry)
-{
-       char *s;
-       int ret;
-       size_t len;
-
-       len = strlen(entry);
-       s = must_alloc(len + 6);
-
-       ret = snprintf(s, len + 6, "name=%s", entry);
-       if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret >= (len + 6))
-               return NULL;
-
-       return s;
-}
-
-/* Append kernel controller in @klist or named controller in @nlist to @clist */
-static void must_append_controller(char **klist, char **nlist, char ***clist, char *entry)
-{
-       int newentry;
-       char *copy;
-
-       if (string_in_list(klist, entry) && string_in_list(nlist, entry))
-               return;
-
-       newentry = append_null_to_list((void ***)clist);
-
-       if (strncmp(entry, "name=", 5) == 0)
-               copy = must_copy_string(entry);
-       else if (string_in_list(klist, entry))
-               copy = must_copy_string(entry);
-       else
-               copy = cgv1_must_prefix_named(entry);
-
-       (*clist)[newentry] = copy;
-}
-
-/* Get the controllers from a mountinfo line. There are other ways we could get
- * this info. For lxcfs, field 3 is /cgroup/controller-list. For cgroupfs, we
- * could parse the mount options. But we simply assume that the mountpoint must
- * be /sys/fs/cgroup/controller-list
- */
-static char **cgv1_get_proc_mountinfo_controllers(char **klist, char **nlist, char *line)
-{
-       int i;
-       char *p, *p2, *tok;
-       char *saveptr = NULL;
-       char **aret = NULL;
-
-       p = line;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-               p = strchr(p, ' ');
-               if (!p)
-                       return NULL;
-               p++;
-       }
-       if (!p)
-               return NULL;
-
-       if (strncmp(p, "/sys/fs/cgroup/", 15) != 0)
-               return NULL;
-
-       p += 15;
-
-       p2 = strchr(p, ' ');
-       if (!p2)
-               return NULL;
-       *p2 = '\0';
-
-       for (tok = strtok_r(p, ",", &saveptr); tok;
-            tok = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &saveptr))
-               must_append_controller(klist, nlist, &aret, tok);
-
-       return aret;
-}
-
-/* Check if a cgroupfs v2 controller is present in the string @cgline. */
-static bool cgv1_controller_in_clist(char *cgline, char *c)
-{
-       size_t len;
-       char *tok, *eol, *tmp;
-       char *saveptr = NULL;
-
-       eol = strchr(cgline, ':');
-       if (!eol)
-               return false;
-
-       len = eol - cgline;
-       tmp = alloca(len + 1);
-       memcpy(tmp, cgline, len);
-       tmp[len] = '\0';
-
-       for (tok = strtok_r(tmp, ",", &saveptr); tok;
-            tok = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &saveptr)) {
-               if (strcmp(tok, c) == 0)
-                       return true;
-       }
-       return false;
-}
-
-/* Get current cgroup from the /proc/<pid>/cgroup file passed in via @basecginfo
- * of a given cgv1 controller passed in via @controller.
- */
-static char *cgv1_get_current_cgroup(char *basecginfo, char *controller)
-{
-       char *p;
-
-       p = basecginfo;
-
-       while (true) {
-               p = strchr(p, ':');
-               if (!p)
-                       return NULL;
-               p++;
-
-               if (cgv1_controller_in_clist(p, controller)) {
-                       p = strchr(p, ':');
-                       if (!p)
-                               return NULL;
-                       p++;
-
-                       return copy_to_eol(p);
-               }
-
-               p = strchr(p, '\n');
-               if (!p)
-                       return NULL;
-               p++;
-       }
-
-       return NULL;
-}
-
-/* Remove /init.scope from string @cg. This will mostly affect systemd-based
- * systems.
- */
-#define INIT_SCOPE "/init.scope"
-static void cg_systemd_prune_init_scope(char *cg)
-{
-       char *point;
-
-       if (!cg)
-               return;
-
-       point = cg + strlen(cg) - strlen(INIT_SCOPE);
-       if (point < cg)
-               return;
-
-       if (strcmp(point, INIT_SCOPE) == 0) {
-               if (point == cg)
-                       *(point + 1) = '\0';
-               else
-                       *point = '\0';
-       }
-}
-
-/* Add new info about a mounted cgroupfs v1 hierarchy. Includes the controllers
- * mounted into that hierarchy (e.g. cpu,cpuacct), the mountpoint of that
- * hierarchy (/sys/fs/cgroup/<controller>, the base cgroup of the current
- * process gathered from /proc/self/cgroup, and the init cgroup of PID1 gathered
- * from /proc/1/cgroup.
- */
-static void cgv1_add_controller(char **clist, char *mountpoint, char *base_cgroup, char *init_cgroup)
-{
-       struct cgv1_hierarchy *new;
-       int newentry;
-
-       new = must_alloc(sizeof(*new));
-       new->controllers = clist;
-       new->mountpoint = mountpoint;
-       new->base_cgroup = base_cgroup;
-       new->fullcgpath = NULL;
-       new->create_rw_cgroup = false;
-       new->init_cgroup = init_cgroup;
-       new->systemd_user_slice = false;
-
-       newentry = append_null_to_list((void ***)&cgv1_hierarchies);
-       cgv1_hierarchies[newentry] = new;
-}
-
-/* Add new info about the mounted cgroupfs v2 hierarchy. Can (but doesn't
- * currently) include the controllers mounted into the hierarchy (e.g.  memory,
- * pids, blkio), the mountpoint of that hierarchy (Should usually be
- * /sys/fs/cgroup but some init systems seems to think it might be a good idea
- * to also mount empty cgroupfs v2 hierarchies at /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd.), the
- * base cgroup of the current process gathered from /proc/self/cgroup, and the
- * init cgroup of PID1 gathered from /proc/1/cgroup.
- */
-static void cgv2_add_controller(char **clist, char *mountpoint, char *base_cgroup, char *init_cgroup, bool systemd_user_slice)
-{
-       struct cgv2_hierarchy *new;
-       int newentry;
-
-       new = must_alloc(sizeof(*new));
-       new->controllers = clist;
-       new->mountpoint = mountpoint;
-       new->base_cgroup = base_cgroup;
-       new->fullcgpath = NULL;
-       new->create_rw_cgroup = false;
-       new->init_cgroup = init_cgroup;
-       new->systemd_user_slice = systemd_user_slice;
-
-       newentry = append_null_to_list((void ***)&cgv2_hierarchies);
-       cgv2_hierarchies[newentry] = new;
-}
-
-/* In Ubuntu 14.04, the paths created for us were
- * '/user/$uid.user/$something.session' This can be merged better with
- * systemd_created_slice_for_us(), but keeping it separate makes it easier to
- * reason about the correctness.
- */
-static bool cg_systemd_under_user_slice_1(const char *in, uid_t uid)
-{
-       char *p;
-       size_t len;
-       int id;
-       char *copy = NULL;
-       bool bret = false;
-
-       copy = must_copy_string(in);
-       if (strlen(copy) < strlen("/user/1.user/1.session"))
-               goto cleanup;
-       p = copy + strlen(copy) - 1;
-
-       /* skip any trailing '/' (shouldn't be any, but be sure) */
-       while (p >= copy && *p == '/')
-               *(p--) = '\0';
-       if (p < copy)
-               goto cleanup;
-
-       /* Get last path element */
-       while (p >= copy && *p != '/')
-               p--;
-       if (p < copy)
-               goto cleanup;
-       /* make sure it is something.session */
-       len = strlen(p + 1);
-       if (len < strlen("1.session") ||
-           strncmp(p + 1 + len - 8, ".session", 8) != 0)
-               goto cleanup;
-
-       /* ok last path piece checks out, now check the second to last */
-       *(p + 1) = '\0';
-       while (p >= copy && *(--p) != '/')
-               ;
-       if (sscanf(p + 1, "%d.user/", &id) != 1)
-               goto cleanup;
-
-       if (id != (int)uid)
-               goto cleanup;
-
-       bret = true;
-
-cleanup:
-       free(copy);
-       return bret;
-}
-
-/* So long as our path relative to init starts with /user.slice/user-$uid.slice,
- * assume it belongs to $uid and chown it
- */
-static bool cg_systemd_under_user_slice_2(const char *base_cgroup,
-                                         const char *init_cgroup, uid_t uid)
-{
-       int ret;
-       char buf[100];
-       size_t curlen, initlen;
-
-       curlen = strlen(base_cgroup);
-       initlen = strlen(init_cgroup);
-       if (curlen <= initlen)
-               return false;
-
-       if (strncmp(base_cgroup, init_cgroup, initlen) != 0)
-               return false;
-
-       ret = snprintf(buf, 100, "/user.slice/user-%d.slice/", (int)uid);
-       if (ret < 0 || ret >= 100)
-               return false;
-
-       if (initlen == 1)
-               initlen = 0; // skip the '/'
-
-       return strncmp(base_cgroup + initlen, buf, strlen(buf)) == 0;
-}
-
-/* The systemd-created path is: user-$uid.slice/session-c$session.scope. If that
- * is not the end of our systemd path, then we're not part of the PAM call that
- * created that path.
- *
- * The last piece is chowned to $uid, the user- part not.
- * Note: If the user creates paths that look like what we're looking for to
- * 'fool' us, either
- *  - they fool us, we create new cgroups, and they get auto-logged-out.
- *  - they fool a root sudo, systemd cgroup is not changed but chowned, and they
- *    lose ownership of their cgroups
- */
-static bool cg_systemd_created_user_slice(const char *base_cgroup,
-                                         const char *init_cgroup,
-                                         const char *in, uid_t uid)
-{
-       char *p;
-       size_t len;
-       int id;
-       char *copy = NULL;
-       bool bret = false;
-
-       copy = must_copy_string(in);
-
-       /* An old version of systemd has already created a cgroup for us. */
-       if (cg_systemd_under_user_slice_1(in, uid))
-               goto succeed;
-
-       /* A new version of systemd has already created a cgroup for us. */
-       if (cg_systemd_under_user_slice_2(base_cgroup, init_cgroup, uid))
-               goto succeed;
-
-       if (strlen(copy) < strlen("/user-0.slice/session-0.scope"))
-               goto cleanup;
-
-       p = copy + strlen(copy) - 1;
-       /* Skip any trailing '/' (shouldn't be any, but be sure). */
-       while (p >= copy && *p == '/')
-               *(p--) = '\0';
-
-       if (p < copy)
-               goto cleanup;
-
-       /* Get last path element */
-       while (p >= copy && *p != '/')
-               p--;
-
-       if (p < copy)
-               goto cleanup;
-
-       /* Make sure it is session-something.scope. */
-       len = strlen(p + 1);
-       if (strncmp(p + 1, "session-", strlen("session-")) != 0 ||
-           strncmp(p + 1 + len - 6, ".scope", 6) != 0)
-               goto cleanup;
-
-       /* Ok last path piece checks out, now check the second to last. */
-       *(p + 1) = '\0';
-       while (p >= copy && *(--p) != '/')
-               ;
-
-       if (sscanf(p + 1, "user-%d.slice/", &id) != 1)
-               goto cleanup;
-
-       if (id != (int)uid)
-               goto cleanup;
-
-succeed:
-       bret = true;
-cleanup:
-       free(copy);
-       return bret;
-}
-
-/* Chown existing cgroup that systemd has already created for us. */
-static bool cg_systemd_chown_existing_cgroup(const char *mountpoint,
-                                            const char *base_cgroup, uid_t uid,
-                                            gid_t gid, bool systemd_user_slice)
-{
-       char *path;
-
-       if (!systemd_user_slice)
-               return false;
-
-       path = must_make_path(mountpoint, base_cgroup, NULL);
-
-       /* A cgroup within name=systemd has already been created. So we only
-        * need to chown it.
-        */
-       if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
-               mysyslog(LOG_WARNING, "Failed to chown %s to %d:%d: %s.\n",
-                        path, (int)uid, (int)gid, strerror(errno), NULL);
-       pam_cgfs_debug("Chowned %s to %d:%d.\n", path, (int)uid, (int)gid);
-
-       free(path);
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Detect and store information about cgroupfs v1 hierarchies. */
-static bool cgv1_init(uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
-{
-       FILE *f;
-       struct cgv1_hierarchy **it;
-       char *basecginfo;
-       char *line = NULL;
-       char **klist = NULL, **nlist = NULL;
-       size_t len = 0;
-
-       basecginfo = read_file("/proc/self/cgroup");
-       if (!basecginfo)
-               return false;
-
-       f = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "r");
-       if (!f) {
-               free(basecginfo);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       cgv1_get_controllers(&klist, &nlist);
-
-       while (getline(&line, &len, f) != -1) {
-               char **controller_list = NULL;
-               char *mountpoint, *base_cgroup;
-
-               if (is_lxcfs(line) || !is_cgv1(line))
-                       continue;
-
-               controller_list = cgv1_get_proc_mountinfo_controllers(klist, nlist, line);
-               if (!controller_list)
-                       continue;
-
-               if (cgv1_controller_list_is_dup(cgv1_hierarchies,
-                                               controller_list)) {
-                       free(controller_list);
-                       continue;
-               }
-
-               mountpoint = get_mountpoint(line);
-               if (!mountpoint) {
-                       free_string_list(controller_list);
-                       continue;
-               }
-
-               base_cgroup = cgv1_get_current_cgroup(basecginfo, controller_list[0]);
-               if (!base_cgroup) {
-                       free_string_list(controller_list);
-                       free(mountpoint);
-                       continue;
-               }
-               trim(base_cgroup);
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Detected cgroupfs v1 controller \"%s\" with "
-                           "mountpoint \"%s\" and cgroup \"%s\".\n",
-                           controller_list[0], mountpoint, base_cgroup);
-               cgv1_add_controller(controller_list, mountpoint, base_cgroup,
-                                   NULL);
-       }
-       free_string_list(klist);
-       free_string_list(nlist);
-       free(basecginfo);
-       fclose(f);
-       free(line);
-
-       /* Retrieve init cgroup path for all controllers. */
-       basecginfo = read_file("/proc/1/cgroup");
-       if (!basecginfo)
-               return false;
-
-       for (it = cgv1_hierarchies; it && *it; it++) {
-               if ((*it)->controllers) {
-                       char *init_cgroup, *user_slice;
-                       /* We've already stored the controller and received its
-                        * current cgroup. If we now fail to retrieve its init
-                        * cgroup, we should probably fail.
-                        */
-                       init_cgroup = cgv1_get_current_cgroup(basecginfo, (*it)->controllers[0]);
-                       if (!init_cgroup) {
-                               free(basecginfo);
-                               return false;
-                       }
-                       cg_systemd_prune_init_scope(init_cgroup);
-                       (*it)->init_cgroup = init_cgroup;
-                       pam_cgfs_debug("cgroupfs v1 controller \"%s\" has init "
-                                   "cgroup \"%s\".\n",
-                                   (*(*it)->controllers), init_cgroup);
-                       /* Check whether systemd has already created a cgroup
-                        * for us.
-                        */
-                       user_slice = must_make_path((*it)->mountpoint, (*it)->base_cgroup, NULL);
-                       if (cg_systemd_created_user_slice((*it)->base_cgroup, (*it)->init_cgroup, user_slice, uid))
-                               (*it)->systemd_user_slice = true;
-               }
-       }
-       free(basecginfo);
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Check whether @path is a cgroupfs v1 or cgroupfs v2 mount. Returns -1 if
- * statfs fails. If @path is null /sys/fs/cgroup is checked.
- */
-static inline int cg_get_version_of_mntpt(const char *path)
-{
-       if (has_fs_type(path, CGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC))
-               return 1;
-
-       if (has_fs_type(path, CGROUP2_SUPER_MAGIC))
-               return 2;
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-/* Detect and store information about the cgroupfs v2 hierarchy. Currently only
- * deals with the empty v2 hierachy as we do not retrieve enabled controllers.
- */
-static bool cgv2_init(uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
-{
-       char *mountpoint;
-       FILE *f = NULL;
-       char *current_cgroup = NULL, *init_cgroup = NULL;
-       char * line = NULL;
-       size_t len = 0;
-       int ret = false;
-
-       current_cgroup = cgv2_get_current_cgroup(getpid());
-       if (!current_cgroup) {
-               /* No v2 hierarchy present. We're done. */
-               ret = true;
-               goto cleanup;
-       }
-
-       init_cgroup = cgv2_get_current_cgroup(1);
-       if (!init_cgroup) {
-               /* If we're here and didn't fail already above, then something's
-                * certainly wrong, so error this time.
-                */
-               goto cleanup;
-       }
-       cg_systemd_prune_init_scope(init_cgroup);
-
-       /* Check if the v2 hierarchy is mounted at its standard location.
-        * If so we can skip the rest of the work here. Although the unified
-        * hierarchy can be mounted multiple times, each of those mountpoints
-        * will expose identical information.
-        */
-       if (cg_get_version_of_mntpt("/sys/fs/cgroup") == 2) {
-               char *user_slice;
-               bool has_user_slice = false;
-
-               mountpoint = must_copy_string("/sys/fs/cgroup");
-               if (!mountpoint)
-                       goto cleanup;
-
-               user_slice = must_make_path(mountpoint, current_cgroup, NULL);
-               if (cg_systemd_created_user_slice(current_cgroup, init_cgroup, user_slice, uid))
-                       has_user_slice = true;
-               free(user_slice);
-
-               cgv2_add_controller(NULL, mountpoint, current_cgroup, init_cgroup, has_user_slice);
-
-               ret = true;
-               goto cleanup;
-       }
-
-       f = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "r");
-       if (!f)
-               goto cleanup;
-
-       /* we support simple cgroup mounts and lxcfs mounts */
-       while (getline(&line, &len, f) != -1) {
-               char *user_slice;
-               bool has_user_slice = false;
-               if (!is_cgv2(line))
-                       continue;
-
-               mountpoint = get_mountpoint(line);
-               if (!mountpoint)
-                       continue;
-
-               user_slice = must_make_path(mountpoint, current_cgroup, NULL);
-               if (cg_systemd_created_user_slice(current_cgroup, init_cgroup, user_slice, uid))
-                       has_user_slice = true;
-               free(user_slice);
-
-               cgv2_add_controller(NULL, mountpoint, current_cgroup, init_cgroup, has_user_slice);
-               /* Although the unified hierarchy can be mounted multiple times,
-                * each of those mountpoints will expose identical information.
-                * So let the first mountpoint we find, win.
-                */
-               ret = true;
-               break;
-       }
-
-       pam_cgfs_debug("Detected cgroupfs v2 hierarchy at mountpoint \"%s\" with "
-                   "current cgroup \"%s\" and init cgroup \"%s\".\n",
-                   mountpoint, current_cgroup, init_cgroup);
-
-cleanup:
-       if (f)
-               fclose(f);
-       free(line);
-
-       return ret;
-}
-
-/* Detect and store information about mounted cgroupfs v1 hierarchies and the
- * cgroupfs v2 hierarchy.
- * Detect whether we are on a pure cgroupfs v1, cgroupfs v2, or mixed system,
- * where some controllers are mounted into their standard cgroupfs v1 locations
- * (/sys/fs/cgroup/<controller>) and others are mounted into the cgroupfs v2
- * hierarchy (/sys/fs/cgroup).
- */
-static bool cg_init(uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
-{
-       if (!cgv1_init(uid, gid))
-               return false;
-
-       if (!cgv2_init(uid, gid))
-               return false;
-
-       if (cgv1_hierarchies && cgv2_hierarchies) {
-               cg_mount_mode = CGROUP_MIXED;
-               pam_cgfs_debug("%s\n", "Detected cgroupfs v1 and v2 hierarchies.");
-       } else if (cgv1_hierarchies && !cgv2_hierarchies) {
-               cg_mount_mode = CGROUP_PURE_V1;
-               pam_cgfs_debug("%s\n", "Detected cgroupfs v1 hierarchies.");
-       } else if (cgv2_hierarchies && !cgv1_hierarchies) {
-               cg_mount_mode = CGROUP_PURE_V2;
-               pam_cgfs_debug("%s\n", "Detected cgroupfs v2 hierarchies.");
-       } else {
-               cg_mount_mode = CGROUP_UNKNOWN;
-               mysyslog(LOG_ERR, "Could not detect cgroupfs hierarchy.\n", NULL);
-       }
-
-       if (cg_mount_mode == CGROUP_UNKNOWN)
-               return false;
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Try to move/migrate us into @cgroup in a cgroupfs v1 hierarchy. */
-static bool cgv1_enter(const char *cgroup)
-{
-       struct cgv1_hierarchy **it;
-
-       for (it = cgv1_hierarchies; it && *it; it++) {
-               char **controller;
-               bool entered = false;
-
-               if (!(*it)->controllers || !(*it)->mountpoint ||
-                   !(*it)->init_cgroup || !(*it)->create_rw_cgroup)
-                       continue;
-
-               for (controller = (*it)->controllers; controller && *controller;
-                    controller++) {
-                       char *path;
-
-                       /* We've already been placed in a user slice, so we
-                        * don't need to enter the cgroup again.
-                        */
-                       if ((*it)->systemd_user_slice) {
-                               entered = true;
-                               break;
-                       }
-
-                       path = must_make_path((*it)->mountpoint,
-                                             (*it)->init_cgroup,
-                                             cgroup,
-                                             "/cgroup.procs",
-                                             NULL);
-                       if (!file_exists(path)) {
-                               free(path);
-                               path = must_make_path((*it)->mountpoint,
-                                                     (*it)->init_cgroup,
-                                                     cgroup,
-                                                     "/tasks",
-                                                     NULL);
-                       }
-                       pam_cgfs_debug("Attempting to enter cgroupfs v1 hierarchy in \"%s\" cgroup.\n", path);
-                       entered = write_int(path, (int)getpid());
-                       if (entered) {
-                               free(path);
-                               break;
-                       }
-                       pam_cgfs_debug("Failed to enter cgroupfs v1 hierarchy in \"%s\" cgroup.\n", path);
-                       free(path);
-               }
-               if (!entered)
-                       return false;
-       }
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Try to move/migrate us into @cgroup in the cgroupfs v2 hierarchy. */
-static bool cgv2_enter(const char *cgroup)
-{
-       struct cgv2_hierarchy *v2;
-       char *path;
-       bool entered = false;
-
-       if (!cgv2_hierarchies)
-               return true;
-
-       v2 = *cgv2_hierarchies;
-
-       if (!v2->mountpoint || !v2->base_cgroup)
-               return false;
-
-       if (!v2->create_rw_cgroup || v2->systemd_user_slice)
-               return true;
-
-       path = must_make_path(v2->mountpoint, v2->base_cgroup, cgroup, "/cgroup.procs", NULL);
-       pam_cgfs_debug("Attempting to enter cgroupfs v2 hierarchy in cgroup \"%s\".\n", path);
-       entered = write_int(path, (int)getpid());
-       if (!entered) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Failed to enter cgroupfs v2 hierarchy in cgroup \"%s\".\n", path);
-               free(path);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       free(path);
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Wrapper around cgv{1,2}_enter(). */
-static bool cg_enter(const char *cgroup)
-{
-       if (!cgv1_enter(cgroup)) {
-               mysyslog(LOG_WARNING, "cgroupfs v1: Failed to enter cgroups.\n", NULL);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       if (!cgv2_enter(cgroup)) {
-               mysyslog(LOG_WARNING, "cgroupfs v2: Failed to enter cgroups.\n", NULL);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Escape to root cgroup in all detected cgroupfs v1 hierarchies. */
-static void cgv1_escape(void)
-{
-       struct cgv1_hierarchy **it;
-
-       /* In case systemd hasn't already placed us in a user slice for the
-        * cpuset v1 controller we will reside in the root cgroup. This means
-        * that cgroup.clone_children will not have been initialized for us so
-        * we need to do it.
-        */
-       for (it = cgv1_hierarchies; it && *it; it++)
-               if (!cgv1_handle_root_cpuset_hierarchy(*it))
-                       mysyslog(LOG_WARNING, "cgroupfs v1: Failed to initialize cpuset.\n", NULL);
-
-       if (!cgv1_enter("/"))
-               mysyslog(LOG_WARNING, "cgroupfs v1: Failed to escape to init's cgroup.\n", NULL);
-}
-
-/* Escape to root cgroup in the cgroupfs v2 hierarchy. */
-static void cgv2_escape(void)
-{
-       if (!cgv2_enter("/"))
-               mysyslog(LOG_WARNING, "cgroupfs v2: Failed to escape to init's cgroup.\n", NULL);
-}
-
-/* Wrapper around cgv{1,2}_escape(). */
-static void cg_escape(void)
-{
-       cgv1_escape();
-       cgv2_escape();
-}
-
-/* Get uid and gid for @user. */
-static bool get_uid_gid(const char *user, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid)
-{
-       struct passwd *pwent;
-
-       pwent = getpwnam(user);
-       if (!pwent)
-               return false;
-
-       *uid = pwent->pw_uid;
-       *gid = pwent->pw_gid;
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Check if cgroup belongs to our uid and gid. If so, reuse it. */
-static bool cg_belongs_to_uid_gid(const char *path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
-{
-       struct stat statbuf;
-
-       if (stat(path, &statbuf) < 0)
-               return false;
-
-       if (!(statbuf.st_uid == uid) || !(statbuf.st_gid == gid))
-               return false;
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Create cpumask from cpulist aka turn:
- *
- *     0,2-3
- *
- *  into bit array
- *
- *     1 0 1 1
- */
-static uint32_t *cg_cpumask(char *buf, size_t nbits)
-{
-       char *token;
-       char *saveptr = NULL;
-       size_t arrlen = BITS_TO_LONGS(nbits);
-       uint32_t *bitarr = calloc(arrlen, sizeof(uint32_t));
-       if (!bitarr)
-               return NULL;
-
-       for (; (token = strtok_r(buf, ",", &saveptr)); buf = NULL) {
-               errno = 0;
-               unsigned start = strtoul(token, NULL, 0);
-               unsigned end = start;
-
-               char *range = strchr(token, '-');
-               if (range)
-                       end = strtoul(range + 1, NULL, 0);
-               if (!(start <= end)) {
-                       free(bitarr);
-                       return NULL;
-               }
-
-               if (end >= nbits) {
-                       free(bitarr);
-                       return NULL;
-               }
-
-               while (start <= end)
-                       set_bit(start++, bitarr);
-       }
-
-       return bitarr;
-}
-
-static char *string_join(const char *sep, const char **parts, bool use_as_prefix)
-{
-       char *result;
-       char **p;
-       size_t sep_len = strlen(sep);
-       size_t result_len = use_as_prefix * sep_len;
-
-       if (!parts)
-               return NULL;
-
-       /* calculate new string length */
-       for (p = (char **)parts; *p; p++)
-               result_len += (p > (char **)parts) * sep_len + strlen(*p);
-
-       result = calloc(result_len + 1, sizeof(char));
-       if (!result)
-               return NULL;
-
-       if (use_as_prefix)
-               strcpy(result, sep);
-       for (p = (char **)parts; *p; p++) {
-               if (p > (char **)parts)
-                       strcat(result, sep);
-               strcat(result, *p);
-       }
-
-       return result;
-}
-
-/* The largest integer that can fit into long int is 2^64. This is a
- * 20-digit number.
- */
-#define __IN_TO_STR_LEN 21
-/* Turn cpumask into simple, comma-separated cpulist. */
-static char *cg_cpumask_to_cpulist(uint32_t *bitarr, size_t nbits)
-{
-       size_t i;
-       int ret;
-       char numstr[__IN_TO_STR_LEN] = {0};
-       char **cpulist = NULL;
-
-       for (i = 0; i <= nbits; i++) {
-               if (is_set(i, bitarr)) {
-                       ret = snprintf(numstr, __IN_TO_STR_LEN, "%zu", i);
-                       if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret >= __IN_TO_STR_LEN) {
-                               free_string_list(cpulist);
-                               return NULL;
-                       }
-                       must_append_string(&cpulist, numstr);
-               }
-       }
-       return string_join(",", (const char **)cpulist, false);
-}
-
-static ssize_t cg_get_max_cpus(char *cpulist)
-{
-       char *c1, *c2;
-       char *maxcpus = cpulist;
-       size_t cpus = 0;
-
-       c1 = strrchr(maxcpus, ',');
-       if (c1)
-               c1++;
-
-       c2 = strrchr(maxcpus, '-');
-       if (c2)
-               c2++;
-
-       if (!c1 && !c2)
-               c1 = maxcpus;
-       else if (c1 < c2)
-               c1 = c2;
-
-       /* If the above logic is correct, c1 should always hold a valid string
-        * here.
-        */
-
-       errno = 0;
-       cpus = strtoul(c1, NULL, 0);
-       if (errno != 0)
-               return -1;
-
-       return cpus;
-}
-
-static ssize_t write_nointr(int fd, const void* buf, size_t count)
-{
-       ssize_t ret;
-again:
-       ret = write(fd, buf, count);
-       if (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR)
-               goto again;
-       return ret;
-}
-
-static int write_to_file(const char *filename, const void* buf, size_t count, bool add_newline)
-{
-       int fd, saved_errno;
-       ssize_t ret;
-
-       fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0666);
-       if (fd < 0)
-               return -1;
-       ret = write_nointr(fd, buf, count);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               goto out_error;
-       if ((size_t)ret != count)
-               goto out_error;
-       if (add_newline) {
-               ret = write_nointr(fd, "\n", 1);
-               if (ret != 1)
-                       goto out_error;
-       }
-       close(fd);
-       return 0;
-
-out_error:
-       saved_errno = errno;
-       close(fd);
-       errno = saved_errno;
-       return -1;
-}
-
-#define __ISOL_CPUS "/sys/devices/system/cpu/isolated"
-static bool cg_filter_and_set_cpus(char *path, bool am_initialized)
-{
-       char *lastslash, *fpath, oldv;
-       int ret;
-       ssize_t i;
-
-       ssize_t maxposs = 0, maxisol = 0;
-       char *cpulist = NULL, *posscpus = NULL, *isolcpus = NULL;
-       uint32_t *possmask = NULL, *isolmask = NULL;
-       bool bret = false, flipped_bit = false;
-
-       lastslash = strrchr(path, '/');
-       if (!lastslash) { // bug...  this shouldn't be possible
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Invalid path: %s.\n", path);
-               return bret;
-       }
-       oldv = *lastslash;
-       *lastslash = '\0';
-       fpath = must_make_path(path, "cpuset.cpus", NULL);
-       posscpus = read_file(fpath);
-       if (!posscpus) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Could not read file: %s.\n", fpath);
-               goto on_error;
-       }
-
-       /* Get maximum number of cpus found in possible cpuset. */
-       maxposs = cg_get_max_cpus(posscpus);
-       if (maxposs < 0)
-               goto on_error;
-
-       if (!file_exists(__ISOL_CPUS)) {
-               /* This system doesn't expose isolated cpus. */
-               pam_cgfs_debug("%s", "Path: "__ISOL_CPUS" to read isolated cpus from does not exist.\n");
-               cpulist = posscpus;
-               /* No isolated cpus but we weren't already initialized by
-                * someone. We should simply copy the parents cpuset.cpus
-                * values.
-                */
-               if (!am_initialized) {
-                       pam_cgfs_debug("%s", "Copying cpuset of parent cgroup.\n");
-                       goto copy_parent;
-               }
-               /* No isolated cpus but we were already initialized by someone.
-                * Nothing more to do for us.
-                */
-               goto on_success;
-       }
-
-       isolcpus = read_file(__ISOL_CPUS);
-       if (!isolcpus) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("%s", "Could not read file "__ISOL_CPUS"\n");
-               goto on_error;
-       }
-       if (!isdigit(isolcpus[0])) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("%s", "No isolated cpus detected.\n");
-               cpulist = posscpus;
-               /* No isolated cpus but we weren't already initialized by
-                * someone. We should simply copy the parents cpuset.cpus
-                * values.
-                */
-               if (!am_initialized) {
-                       pam_cgfs_debug("%s", "Copying cpuset of parent cgroup.\n");
-                       goto copy_parent;
-               }
-               /* No isolated cpus but we were already initialized by someone.
-                * Nothing more to do for us.
-                */
-               goto on_success;
-       }
-
-       /* Get maximum number of cpus found in isolated cpuset. */
-       maxisol = cg_get_max_cpus(isolcpus);
-       if (maxisol < 0)
-               goto on_error;
-
-       if (maxposs < maxisol)
-               maxposs = maxisol;
-       maxposs++;
-
-       possmask = cg_cpumask(posscpus, maxposs);
-       if (!possmask) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("%s", "Could not create cpumask for all possible cpus.\n");
-               goto on_error;
-       }
-
-       isolmask = cg_cpumask(isolcpus, maxposs);
-       if (!isolmask) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("%s", "Could not create cpumask for all isolated cpus.\n");
-               goto on_error;
-       }
-
-       for (i = 0; i <= maxposs; i++) {
-               if (is_set(i, isolmask) && is_set(i, possmask)) {
-                       flipped_bit = true;
-                       clear_bit(i, possmask);
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (!flipped_bit) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("%s", "No isolated cpus present in cpuset.\n");
-               goto on_success;
-       }
-       pam_cgfs_debug("%s", "Removed isolated cpus from cpuset.\n");
-
-       cpulist = cg_cpumask_to_cpulist(possmask, maxposs);
-       if (!cpulist) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("%s", "Could not create cpu list.\n");
-               goto on_error;
-       }
-
-copy_parent:
-       *lastslash = oldv;
-       fpath = must_make_path(path, "cpuset.cpus", NULL);
-       ret = write_to_file(fpath, cpulist, strlen(cpulist), false);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Could not write cpu list to: %s.\n", fpath);
-               goto on_error;
-       }
-
-on_success:
-       bret = true;
-
-on_error:
-       free(fpath);
-
-       free(isolcpus);
-       free(isolmask);
-
-       if (posscpus != cpulist)
-               free(posscpus);
-       free(possmask);
-
-       free(cpulist);
-       return bret;
-}
-
-int read_from_file(const char *filename, void* buf, size_t count)
-{
-       int fd = -1, saved_errno;
-       ssize_t ret;
-
-       fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
-       if (fd < 0)
-               return -1;
-
-       if (!buf || !count) {
-               char buf2[100];
-               size_t count2 = 0;
-               while ((ret = read(fd, buf2, 100)) > 0)
-                       count2 += ret;
-               if (ret >= 0)
-                       ret = count2;
-       } else {
-               memset(buf, 0, count);
-               ret = read(fd, buf, count);
-       }
-
-       if (ret < 0)
-               pam_cgfs_debug("read %s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
-
-       saved_errno = errno;
-       close(fd);
-       errno = saved_errno;
-       return ret;
-}
-
-/* Copy contents of parent(@path)/@file to @path/@file */
-static bool cg_copy_parent_file(char *path, char *file)
-{
-       char *lastslash, *value = NULL, *fpath, oldv;
-       int len = 0;
-       int ret;
-
-       lastslash = strrchr(path, '/');
-       if (!lastslash) { // bug...  this shouldn't be possible
-               pam_cgfs_debug("cgfsng:copy_parent_file: bad path %s", path);
-               return false;
-       }
-       oldv = *lastslash;
-       *lastslash = '\0';
-       fpath = must_make_path(path, file, NULL);
-       len = read_from_file(fpath, NULL, 0);
-       if (len <= 0)
-               goto bad;
-       value = must_alloc(len + 1);
-       if (read_from_file(fpath, value, len) != len)
-               goto bad;
-       free(fpath);
-       *lastslash = oldv;
-       fpath = must_make_path(path, file, NULL);
-       ret = write_to_file(fpath, value, len, false);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Unable to write %s to %s", value, fpath);
-       free(fpath);
-       free(value);
-       return ret >= 0;
-
-bad:
-       pam_cgfs_debug("Error reading '%s'", fpath);
-       free(fpath);
-       free(value);
-       return false;
-}
-
-/* In case systemd hasn't already placed us in a user slice for the cpuset v1
- * controller we will reside in the root cgroup. This means that
- * cgroup.clone_children will not have been initialized for us so we need to do
- * it.
- */
-static bool cgv1_handle_root_cpuset_hierarchy(struct cgv1_hierarchy *h)
-{
-       char *clonechildrenpath, v;
-
-       if (!string_in_list(h->controllers, "cpuset"))
-               return true;
-
-       clonechildrenpath = must_make_path(h->mountpoint, "cgroup.clone_children", NULL);
-
-       if (read_from_file(clonechildrenpath, &v, 1) < 0) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Failed to read '%s'", clonechildrenpath);
-               free(clonechildrenpath);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       if (v == '1') {  /* already set for us by someone else */
-               free(clonechildrenpath);
-               return true;
-       }
-
-       if (write_to_file(clonechildrenpath, "1", 1, false) < 0) {
-               /* Set clone_children so children inherit our settings */
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Failed to write 1 to %s", clonechildrenpath);
-               free(clonechildrenpath);
-               return false;
-       }
-       free(clonechildrenpath);
-       return true;
-}
-
-/*
- * Initialize the cpuset hierarchy in first directory of @gname and
- * set cgroup.clone_children so that children inherit settings.
- * Since the h->base_path is populated by init or ourselves, we know
- * it is already initialized.
- */
-static bool cgv1_handle_cpuset_hierarchy(struct cgv1_hierarchy *h,
-                                        const char *cgroup)
-{
-       char *cgpath, *clonechildrenpath, v, *slash;
-
-       if (!string_in_list(h->controllers, "cpuset"))
-               return true;
-
-       if (*cgroup == '/')
-               cgroup++;
-       slash = strchr(cgroup, '/');
-       if (slash)
-               *slash = '\0';
-
-       cgpath = must_make_path(h->mountpoint, h->base_cgroup, cgroup, NULL);
-       if (slash)
-               *slash = '/';
-       if (mkdir(cgpath, 0755) < 0 && errno != EEXIST) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Failed to create '%s'", cgpath);
-               free(cgpath);
-               return false;
-       }
-       clonechildrenpath = must_make_path(cgpath, "cgroup.clone_children", NULL);
-       if (!file_exists(clonechildrenpath)) { /* unified hierarchy doesn't have clone_children */
-               free(clonechildrenpath);
-               free(cgpath);
-               return true;
-       }
-       if (read_from_file(clonechildrenpath, &v, 1) < 0) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Failed to read '%s'", clonechildrenpath);
-               free(clonechildrenpath);
-               free(cgpath);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       /* Make sure any isolated cpus are removed from cpuset.cpus. */
-       if (!cg_filter_and_set_cpus(cgpath, v == '1')) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("%s", "Failed to remove isolated cpus.\n");
-               free(clonechildrenpath);
-               free(cgpath);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       if (v == '1') {  /* already set for us by someone else */
-               pam_cgfs_debug("%s", "\"cgroup.clone_children\" was already set to \"1\".\n");
-               free(clonechildrenpath);
-               free(cgpath);
-               return true;
-       }
-
-       /* copy parent's settings */
-       if (!cg_copy_parent_file(cgpath, "cpuset.mems")) {
-               pam_cgfs_debug("%s", "Failed to copy \"cpuset.mems\" settings.\n");
-               free(cgpath);
-               free(clonechildrenpath);
-               return false;
-       }
-       free(cgpath);
-
-       if (write_to_file(clonechildrenpath, "1", 1, false) < 0) {
-               /* Set clone_children so children inherit our settings */
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Failed to write 1 to %s", clonechildrenpath);
-               free(clonechildrenpath);
-               return false;
-       }
-       free(clonechildrenpath);
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Create and chown @cgroup for all given controllers in a cgroupfs v1 hierarchy
- * (For example, create @cgroup for the cpu and cpuacct controller mounted into
- * /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct). Check if the path already exists and report back
- * to the caller in @existed.
- */
-#define __PAM_CGFS_USER "/user/"
-#define __PAM_CGFS_USER_LEN 6
-static bool cgv1_create_one(struct cgv1_hierarchy *h, const char *cgroup, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, bool *existed)
-{
-       char *clean_base_cgroup, *path;
-       char **controller;
-       struct cgv1_hierarchy *it;
-       bool created = false;
-
-       *existed = false;
-       it = h;
-       for (controller = it->controllers; controller && *controller;
-            controller++) {
-               if (!cgv1_handle_cpuset_hierarchy(it, cgroup))
-                       return false;
-
-               /* If systemd has already created a cgroup for us, keep using
-                * it.
-                */
-               if (cg_systemd_chown_existing_cgroup(it->mountpoint,
-                                                    it->base_cgroup, uid, gid,
-                                                    it->systemd_user_slice)) {
-                       return true;
-               }
-
-               /* We need to make sure that we do not create an endless chain
-                * of sub-cgroups. So we check if we have already logged in
-                * somehow (sudo -i, su, etc.) and have created a
-                * /user/PAM_user/idx cgroup. If so, we skip that part. For most
-                * cgroups this is unnecessary since we use the init_cgroup
-                * anyway, but for controllers which have an existing systemd
-                * cgroup that does not match the current uid, this is pretty
-                * useful.
-                */
-               if (strncmp(it->base_cgroup, __PAM_CGFS_USER, __PAM_CGFS_USER_LEN) == 0) {
-                       free(it->base_cgroup);
-                       it->base_cgroup = must_copy_string("/");
-               } else {
-                       clean_base_cgroup =
-                               strstr(it->base_cgroup, __PAM_CGFS_USER);
-                       if (clean_base_cgroup)
-                               *clean_base_cgroup = '\0';
-               }
-
-               path = must_make_path(it->mountpoint, it->init_cgroup, cgroup, NULL);
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Constructing path: %s.\n", path);
-               if (file_exists(path)) {
-                       bool our_cg = cg_belongs_to_uid_gid(path, uid, gid);
-                       pam_cgfs_debug("%s existed and does %shave our uid: %d and gid: %d.\n", path, our_cg ? "" : "not ", uid, gid);
-                       free(path);
-                       if (our_cg)
-                               *existed = false;
-                       else
-                               *existed = true;
-                       return our_cg;
-               }
-               created = mkdir_parent(it->mountpoint, path);
-               if (!created) {
-                       free(path);
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
-                       mysyslog(LOG_WARNING,
-                                "Failed to chown %s to %d:%d: %s.\n", path,
-                                (int)uid, (int)gid, strerror(errno), NULL);
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Chowned %s to %d:%d.\n", path, (int)uid, (int)gid);
-               free(path);
-               break;
-       }
-
-       return created;
-}
-
-/* Try to remove @cgroup for all given controllers in a cgroupfs v1 hierarchy
- * (For example, try to remove @cgroup for the cpu and cpuacct controller
- * mounted into /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct). Ignores failures.
- */
-static bool cgv1_remove_one(struct cgv1_hierarchy *h, const char *cgroup)
-{
-
-       char *path;
-
-       /* Better safe than sorry. */
-       if (!h->controllers)
-               return true;
-
-       /* Cgroups created by systemd for us which we re-use won't be removed
-        * here, since we're using init_cgroup + cgroup as path instead of
-        * base_cgroup + cgroup.
-        */
-       path = must_make_path(h->mountpoint, h->init_cgroup, cgroup, NULL);
-       (void)recursive_rmdir(path);
-       free(path);
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Try to remove @cgroup the cgroupfs v2 hierarchy. */
-static bool cgv2_remove(const char *cgroup)
-{
-       struct cgv2_hierarchy *v2;
-       char *path;
-
-       if (!cgv2_hierarchies)
-               return true;
-
-       v2 = *cgv2_hierarchies;
-
-       /* If we reused an already existing cgroup, don't bother trying to
-        * remove (a potentially wrong)/the path.
-        * Cgroups created by systemd for us which we re-use would be removed
-        * here, since we're using base_cgroup + cgroup as path.
-        */
-       if (v2->systemd_user_slice)
-               return true;
-
-       path = must_make_path(v2->mountpoint, v2->base_cgroup, cgroup, NULL);
-       (void)recursive_rmdir(path);
-       free(path);
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Create @cgroup in all detected cgroupfs v1 hierarchy. If the creation fails
- * for any cgroupfs v1 hierarchy, remove all we have created so far. Report
- * back, to the caller if the creation failed due to @cgroup already existing
- * via @existed.
- */
-static bool cgv1_create(const char *cgroup, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, bool *existed)
-{
-       struct cgv1_hierarchy **it, **rev_it;
-       bool all_created = true;
-
-       for (it = cgv1_hierarchies; it && *it; it++) {
-               if (!(*it)->controllers || !(*it)->mountpoint ||
-                   !(*it)->init_cgroup || !(*it)->create_rw_cgroup)
-                       continue;
-
-               if (!cgv1_create_one(*it, cgroup, uid, gid, existed)) {
-                       all_created = false;
-                       break;
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (all_created)
-               return true;
-
-       for (rev_it = cgv1_hierarchies; rev_it && *rev_it && (*rev_it != *it);
-            rev_it++)
-               cgv1_remove_one(*rev_it, cgroup);
-
-       return false;
-}
-
-/* Create @cgroup in the cgroupfs v2 hierarchy. Report back, to the caller if
- * the creation failed due to @cgroup already existing via @existed.
- */
-static bool cgv2_create(const char *cgroup, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, bool *existed)
-{
-       int ret;
-       char *clean_base_cgroup;
-       char *path;
-       struct cgv2_hierarchy *v2;
-       bool our_cg = false, created = false;
-
-       *existed = false;
-
-       if (!cgv2_hierarchies || !(*cgv2_hierarchies)->create_rw_cgroup)
-               return true;
-
-       v2 = *cgv2_hierarchies;
-
-       /* We can't be placed under init's cgroup for the v2 hierarchy. We need
-        * to be placed under our current cgroup.
-        */
-       if (cg_systemd_chown_existing_cgroup(v2->mountpoint, v2->base_cgroup,
-                                            uid, gid, v2->systemd_user_slice))
-               goto delegate_files;
-
-       /* We need to make sure that we do not create an endless chain of
-        * sub-cgroups. So we check if we have already logged in somehow (sudo
-        * -i, su, etc.) and have created a /user/PAM_user/idx cgroup. If so, we
-        * skip that part.
-        */
-       if (strncmp(v2->base_cgroup, __PAM_CGFS_USER, __PAM_CGFS_USER_LEN) == 0) {
-               free(v2->base_cgroup);
-               v2->base_cgroup = must_copy_string("/");
-       } else {
-               clean_base_cgroup = strstr(v2->base_cgroup, __PAM_CGFS_USER);
-               if (clean_base_cgroup)
-                       *clean_base_cgroup = '\0';
-       }
-
-       path = must_make_path(v2->mountpoint, v2->base_cgroup, cgroup, NULL);
-       pam_cgfs_debug("Constructing path \"%s\".\n", path);
-       if (file_exists(path)) {
-               our_cg = cg_belongs_to_uid_gid(path, uid, gid);
-               pam_cgfs_debug(
-                   "%s existed and does %shave our uid: %d and gid: %d.\n",
-                   path, our_cg ? "" : "not ", uid, gid);
-               free(path);
-               if (our_cg) {
-                       *existed = false;
-                       goto delegate_files;
-               } else {
-                       *existed = true;
-                       return false;
-               }
-       }
-
-       created = mkdir_parent(v2->mountpoint, path);
-       if (!created) {
-               free(path);
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       /* chown cgroup to user */
-       if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
-               mysyslog(LOG_WARNING, "Failed to chown %s to %d:%d: %s.\n",
-                        path, (int)uid, (int)gid, strerror(errno), NULL);
-       else
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Chowned %s to %d:%d.\n", path, (int)uid, (int)gid);
-       free(path);
-
-delegate_files:
-       /* chown cgroup.procs to user */
-       if (v2->systemd_user_slice)
-               path = must_make_path(v2->mountpoint, v2->base_cgroup,
-                                     "/cgroup.procs", NULL);
-       else
-               path = must_make_path(v2->mountpoint, v2->base_cgroup, cgroup,
-                                     "/cgroup.procs", NULL);
-       ret = chown(path, uid, gid);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               mysyslog(LOG_WARNING, "Failed to chown %s to %d:%d: %s.\n",
-                        path, (int)uid, (int)gid, strerror(errno), NULL);
-       else
-               pam_cgfs_debug("Chowned %s to %d:%d.\n", path, (int)uid, (int)gid);
-       free(path);
-
-       /* chown cgroup.subtree_control to user */
-       if (v2->systemd_user_slice)
-               path = must_make_path(v2->mountpoint, v2->base_cgroup,
-                                     "/cgroup.subtree_control", NULL);
-       else
-               path = must_make_path(v2->mountpoint, v2->base_cgroup, cgroup,
-                                     "/cgroup.subtree_control", NULL);
-       ret = chown(path, uid, gid);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               mysyslog(LOG_WARNING, "Failed to chown %s to %d:%d: %s.\n",
-                        path, (int)uid, (int)gid, strerror(errno), NULL);
-       free(path);
-
-       /* chown cgroup.threads to user */
-       if (v2->systemd_user_slice)
-               path = must_make_path(v2->mountpoint, v2->base_cgroup,
-                                     "/cgroup.threads", NULL);
-       else
-               path = must_make_path(v2->mountpoint, v2->base_cgroup, cgroup,
-                                     "/cgroup.threads", NULL);
-       ret = chown(path, uid, gid);
-       if (ret < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
-               mysyslog(LOG_WARNING, "Failed to chown %s to %d:%d: %s.\n",
-                        path, (int)uid, (int)gid, strerror(errno), NULL);
-       free(path);
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Create writeable cgroups for @user at login. Details can be found in the
- * preamble/license at the top of this file.
- */
-static int handle_login(const char *user, uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
-{
-       int idx = 0, ret;
-       bool existed;
-       char cg[MAXPATHLEN];
-
-       cg_escape();
-
-       while (idx >= 0) {
-               ret = snprintf(cg, MAXPATHLEN, "/user/%s/%d", user, idx);
-               if (ret < 0 || ret >= MAXPATHLEN) {
-                       mysyslog(LOG_ERR, "Username too long.\n", NULL);
-                       return PAM_SESSION_ERR;
-               }
-
-               existed = false;
-               if (!cgv2_create(cg, uid, gid, &existed)) {
-                       if (existed) {
-                               cgv2_remove(cg);
-                               idx++;
-                               continue;
-                       }
-                       mysyslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to create a cgroup for user %s.\n", user, NULL);
-                       return PAM_SESSION_ERR;
-               }
-
-               existed = false;
-               if (!cgv1_create(cg, uid, gid, &existed)) {
-                       if (existed) {
-                               cgv2_remove(cg);
-                               idx++;
-                               continue;
-                       }
-                       mysyslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to create a cgroup for user %s.\n", user, NULL);
-                       return PAM_SESSION_ERR;
-               }
-
-               if (!cg_enter(cg)) {
-                       mysyslog( LOG_ERR, "Failed to enter user cgroup %s for user %s.\n", cg, user, NULL);
-                       return PAM_SESSION_ERR;
-               }
-               break;
-       }
-
-       return PAM_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/* Try to prune cgroups we created and that now are empty from all cgroupfs v1
- * hierarchies.
- */
-static bool cgv1_prune_empty_cgroups(const char *user)
-{
-       bool controller_removed = true;
-       bool all_removed = true;
-       struct cgv1_hierarchy **it;
-
-       for (it = cgv1_hierarchies; it && *it; it++) {
-               int ret;
-               char *path_base, *path_init;
-               char **controller;
-
-               if (!(*it)->controllers || !(*it)->mountpoint ||
-                   !(*it)->init_cgroup || !(*it)->create_rw_cgroup)
-                       continue;
-
-               for (controller = (*it)->controllers; controller && *controller;
-                    controller++) {
-                       bool path_base_rm, path_init_rm;
-
-                       path_base = must_make_path((*it)->mountpoint, (*it)->base_cgroup, "/user", user, NULL);
-                       pam_cgfs_debug("cgroupfs v1: Trying to prune \"%s\".\n", path_base);
-                       ret = recursive_rmdir(path_base);
-                       if (ret == -ENOENT || ret >= 0)
-                               path_base_rm = true;
-                       else
-                               path_base_rm = false;
-                       free(path_base);
-
-                       path_init = must_make_path((*it)->mountpoint, (*it)->init_cgroup, "/user", user, NULL);
-                       pam_cgfs_debug("cgroupfs v1: Trying to prune \"%s\".\n", path_init);
-                       ret = recursive_rmdir(path_init);
-                       if (ret == -ENOENT || ret >= 0)
-                               path_init_rm = true;
-                       else
-                               path_init_rm = false;
-                       free(path_init);
-
-                       if (!path_base_rm && !path_init_rm) {
-                               controller_removed = false;
-                               continue;
-                       }
-
-                       controller_removed = true;
-                       break;
-               }
-               if (!controller_removed)
-                       all_removed = false;
-       }
-
-       return all_removed;
-}
-
-/* Try to prune cgroup we created and that now is empty from the cgroupfs v2
- * hierarchy.
- */
-static bool cgv2_prune_empty_cgroups(const char *user)
-{
-       int ret;
-       struct cgv2_hierarchy *v2;
-       char *path_base, *path_init;
-       bool path_base_rm, path_init_rm;
-
-       if (!cgv2_hierarchies)
-               return true;
-
-       v2 = *cgv2_hierarchies;
-
-       path_base = must_make_path(v2->mountpoint, v2->base_cgroup, "/user", user, NULL);
-       pam_cgfs_debug("cgroupfs v2: Trying to prune \"%s\".\n", path_base);
-       ret = recursive_rmdir(path_base);
-       if (ret == -ENOENT || ret >= 0)
-               path_base_rm = true;
-       else
-               path_base_rm = false;
-       free(path_base);
-
-       path_init = must_make_path(v2->mountpoint, v2->init_cgroup, "/user", user, NULL);
-       pam_cgfs_debug("cgroupfs v2: Trying to prune \"%s\".\n", path_init);
-       ret = recursive_rmdir(path_init);
-       if (ret == -ENOENT || ret >= 0)
-               path_init_rm = true;
-       else
-               path_init_rm = false;
-       free(path_init);
-
-       if (!path_base_rm && !path_init_rm)
-               return false;
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/* Wrapper around cgv{1,2}_prune_empty_cgroups(). */
-static void cg_prune_empty_cgroups(const char *user)
-{
-       (void)cgv1_prune_empty_cgroups(user);
-       (void)cgv2_prune_empty_cgroups(user);
-}
-
-/* Free allocated information for detected cgroupfs v1 hierarchies. */
-static void cgv1_free_hierarchies(void)
-{
-       struct cgv1_hierarchy **it;
-
-       if (!cgv1_hierarchies)
-               return;
-
-       for (it = cgv1_hierarchies; it && *it; it++) {
-               if ((*it)->controllers) {
-                       char **tmp;
-                       for (tmp = (*it)->controllers; tmp && *tmp; tmp++)
-                               free(*tmp);
-
-                       free((*it)->controllers);
-               }
-               free((*it)->mountpoint);
-               free((*it)->base_cgroup);
-               free((*it)->fullcgpath);
-               free((*it)->init_cgroup);
-       }
-       free(cgv1_hierarchies);
-}
-
-/* Free allocated information for the detected cgroupfs v2 hierarchy. */
-static void cgv2_free_hierarchies(void)
-{
-       struct cgv2_hierarchy **it;
-
-       if (!cgv2_hierarchies)
-               return;
-
-       for (it = cgv2_hierarchies; it && *it; it++) {
-               if ((*it)->controllers) {
-                       char **tmp;
-                       for (tmp = (*it)->controllers; tmp && *tmp; tmp++)
-                               free(*tmp);
-
-                       free((*it)->controllers);
-               }
-               free((*it)->mountpoint);
-               free((*it)->base_cgroup);
-               free((*it)->fullcgpath);
-               free((*it)->init_cgroup);
-       }
-       free(cgv2_hierarchies);
-}
-
-/* Wrapper around cgv{1,2}_free_hierarchies(). */
-static void cg_exit(void)
-{
-       cgv1_free_hierarchies();
-       cgv2_free_hierarchies();
-}
-
-int pam_sm_open_session(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags, int argc,
-               const char **argv)
-{
-       int ret;
-       uid_t uid = 0;
-       gid_t gid = 0;
-       const char *PAM_user = NULL;
-
-       ret = pam_get_user(pamh, &PAM_user, NULL);
-       if (ret != PAM_SUCCESS) {
-               mysyslog(LOG_ERR, "PAM-CGFS: couldn't get user\n", NULL);
-               return PAM_SESSION_ERR;
-       }
-
-       if (!get_uid_gid(PAM_user, &uid, &gid)) {
-               mysyslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to get uid and gid for %s.\n", PAM_user, NULL);
-               return PAM_SESSION_ERR;
-       }
-
-       if (!cg_init(uid, gid)) {
-               mysyslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to get list of controllers\n", NULL);
-               return PAM_SESSION_ERR;
-       }
-
-       /* Try to prune cgroups, that are actually empty but were still marked
-        * as busy by the kernel so we couldn't remove them on session close.
-        */
-       cg_prune_empty_cgroups(PAM_user);
-
-       if (cg_mount_mode == CGROUP_UNKNOWN)
-               return PAM_SESSION_ERR;
-
-       if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[0], "-c")) {
-               char **clist = make_string_list(argv[1], ",");
-
-               /*
-                * We don't allow using "all" and other controllers explicitly because
-                * that simply doesn't make any sense.
-                */
-               if (string_list_length(clist) > 1 && string_in_list(clist, "all")) {
-                       mysyslog(LOG_ERR, "Invalid -c option, cannot specify individual controllers alongside 'all'.\n", NULL);
-                       free_string_list(clist);
-                       return PAM_SESSION_ERR;
-               }
-
-               cg_mark_to_make_rw(clist);
-               free_string_list(clist);
-       }
-
-       return handle_login(PAM_user, uid, gid);
-}
-
-int pam_sm_close_session(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags, int argc,
-               const char **argv)
-{
-       int ret;
-       uid_t uid = 0;
-       gid_t gid = 0;
-       const char *PAM_user = NULL;
-
-       ret = pam_get_user(pamh, &PAM_user, NULL);
-       if (ret != PAM_SUCCESS) {
-               mysyslog(LOG_ERR, "PAM-CGFS: couldn't get user\n", NULL);
-               return PAM_SESSION_ERR;
-       }
-
-       if (!get_uid_gid(PAM_user, &uid, &gid)) {
-               mysyslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to get uid and gid for %s.\n", PAM_user, NULL);
-               return PAM_SESSION_ERR;
-       }
-
-       if (cg_mount_mode == CGROUP_UNINITIALIZED) {
-               if (!cg_init(uid, gid))
-                       mysyslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to get list of controllers\n", NULL);
-
-               if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[0], "-c")) {
-                       char **clist = make_string_list(argv[1], ",");
-
-                       /*
-                        * We don't allow using "all" and other controllers explicitly because
-                        * that simply doesn't make any sense.
-                        */
-                       if (string_list_length(clist) > 1 && string_in_list(clist, "all")) {
-                               mysyslog(LOG_ERR, "Invalid -c option, cannot specify individual controllers alongside 'all'.\n", NULL);
-                               free_string_list(clist);
-                               return PAM_SESSION_ERR;
-                       }
-
-                       cg_mark_to_make_rw(clist);
-                       free_string_list(clist);
-               }
-       }
-
-       cg_prune_empty_cgroups(PAM_user);
-       cg_exit();
-
-       return PAM_SUCCESS;
-}