+++ /dev/null
-> +0&#ffffff0@74
-|~+0#4040ff13&| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-| +0#0000000&@56|0|,|0|-|1| @8|A|l@1|
@4|/+0#0000e05&@1| |c|o|r@1|e|c|t| |w|a|y| |t|o| |f|o|r|m| |s|i|g|n|e|d| |v|a|l|u|e| |-|9|2@1|3@1|7|2|0|3|6|8|5|4|7@1|5|8|0|8| +0#0000000&@14
|}| @73
@75
-@57|1|8|,|5| @9|5|2|%|
+@57|1|8|,|5| @9|4|6|%|
| +0&#ffffff0@74
+|/+0#0000e05&@1| |T|h|e| |f|o|l@1|o|w|i|n|g| |v|a|r|i|a|b|l|e|s| |a|r|e| |i|n|i|t|i|a|l|i|z|e|d| |t|o| |t|h|e| |s|a|m|e| |v|a|l|u|e|:| +0#0000000&@13
+@75
|i+0#00e0003&|n|t| +0#0000000&|d| |=| |4+0#e000002&|2|;+0#0000000&| @63
|i+0#00e0003&|n|t| +0#0000000&|o| |=| |0+0#e000002&|5|2|;+0#0000000&| @62
-|i+0#00e0003&|n|t| +0#0000000&|x| |=| |0+0#e000002&|x|2|a|;+0#0000000&| @61
+>i+0#00e0003&|n|t| +0#0000000&|x| |=| |0+0#e000002&|x|2|a|;+0#0000000&| @61
|i+0#00e0003&|n|t| +0#0000000&|X| |=| |0+0#e000002&|X|2|A|;+0#0000000&| @61
->i+0#00e0003&|n|t| +0#0000000&|b| |=| |0+0#e000002&|b|1|0|1|0|1|0|;+0#0000000&| |/+0#0000e05&@1| |C|2|3| +0#0000000&@50
+|i+0#00e0003&|n|t| +0#0000000&|b| |=| |0+0#e000002&|b|1|0|1|0|1|0|;+0#0000000&| |/+0#0000e05&@1| |C|2|3| +0#0000000&@50
@75
-|/+0#0000e05&@1| |T|h|e| |f|o|l@1|o|w|i|n|g| |v|a|r|i|a|b|l|e|s| |a|r|e| |a|l|s|o| |i|n|i|t|i|a|l|i|z|e|d| |t|o| |t|h|e| |s|a|m|e| |v|a|l|u|e|:| +0#0000000&@8
+|/+0#0000e05&@1| |T|h|e| |f|o|l@1|o|w|i|n|g| |v|a|r|i|a|b|l|e|s| |a|r|e| |a|l|s|o| |i|n|i|t|i|a|l|i|z|e|d| |t|o| |t|h|e| |s|a|m|e| |v|a|l|u|e|:| | +0#0000000&@7
@75
|u+0#00e0003&|n|s|i|g|n|e|d| +0#0000000&|l+0#00e0003&|o|n|g| +0#0000000&|l+0#00e0003&|o|n|g| +0#0000000&|l|1| |=| |1+0#e000002&|8|4@1|6|7|4@1|0|7|3|7|0|9|5@1|0|5|9|2|u|l@1|;+0#0000000&| |/+0#0000e05&@1| |C|9@1| +0#0000000&@19
|u+0#00e0003&|n|s|i|g|n|e|d| +0#0000000&|l+0#00e0003&|o|n|g| +0#0000000&|l+0#00e0003&|o|n|g| +0#0000000&|l|2| |=| |1+0#e000002&|8|'|4@1|6|'|7|4@1|'|0|7|3|'|7|0|9|'|5@1|0|'|5|9|2|l@1|u|;+0#0000000&| |/+0#0000e05&@1| |C|2|3| +0#0000000&@13
|u+0#00e0003&|n|s|i|g|n|e|d| +0#0000000&|l+0#00e0003&|o|n|g| +0#0000000&|l+0#00e0003&|o|n|g| +0#0000000&|l|3| |=| |1+0#e000002&|8|4@1|'|6|7|4@1|'|0|7|3|7|'|0|9|5@1|'|0|5|9|2|u|L@1|;+0#0000000&| |/+0#0000e05&@1| |C|2|3| +0#0000000&@15
|u+0#00e0003&|n|s|i|g|n|e|d| +0#0000000&|l+0#00e0003&|o|n|g| +0#0000000&|l+0#00e0003&|o|n|g| +0#0000000&|l|4| |=| |1+0#e000002&|8|4@1|6|7|'|4@1|0|7|3|7|'|0|'|9|5@1|0|5|'|9|2|L@1|U|;+0#0000000&| |/+0#0000e05&@1| |C|2|3| +0#0000000&@15
+@75
|~+0#4040ff13&| @73
|~| @73
|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
-|~| @73
| +0#0000000&@56|3|4|,|1| @9|B|o|t|
--- /dev/null
+// C boolean constants
+
+// Source: https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/bool_constant
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+ assert(true == 1 && 0 == false);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+// C character constants
+
+// Source: https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/character_constant
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <uchar.h>
+
+int main (void)
+{
+ printf("constant value \n");
+ printf("-------- ----------\n");
+
+ // integer character constants,
+ int c1='a'; printf("'a':\t %#010x\n", c1);
+ int c2='๐'; printf("'๐':\t %#010x\n\n", c2); // implementation-defined
+
+ // multicharacter constant
+ int c3='ab'; printf("'ab':\t %#010x\n\n", c3); // implementation-defined
+
+ // 16-bit wide character constants
+ char16_t uc1 = u'a'; printf("'a':\t %#010x\n", (int)uc1);
+ char16_t uc2 = u'ยข'; printf("'ยข':\t %#010x\n", (int)uc2);
+ char16_t uc3 = u'็ซ'; printf("'็ซ':\t %#010x\n", (int)uc3);
+ // implementation-defined (๐ maps to two 16-bit characters)
+ char16_t uc4 = u'๐'; printf("'๐':\t %#010x\n\n", (int)uc4);
+
+ // 32-bit wide character constants
+ char32_t Uc1 = U'a'; printf("'a':\t %#010x\n", (int)Uc1);
+ char32_t Uc2 = U'ยข'; printf("'ยข':\t %#010x\n", (int)Uc2);
+ char32_t Uc3 = U'็ซ'; printf("'็ซ':\t %#010x\n", (int)Uc3);
+ char32_t Uc4 = U'๐'; printf("'๐':\t %#010x\n\n", (int)Uc4);
+
+ // wide character constants
+ wchar_t wc1 = L'a'; printf("'a':\t %#010x\n", (int)wc1);
+ wchar_t wc2 = L'ยข'; printf("'ยข':\t %#010x\n", (int)wc2);
+ wchar_t wc3 = L'็ซ'; printf("'็ซ':\t %#010x\n", (int)wc3);
+ wchar_t wc4 = L'๐'; printf("'๐':\t %#010x\n\n", (int)wc4);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+// C integer constants
+
+// Source: https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/integer_constant
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+ printf("123 = %d\n", 123);
+ printf("0123 = %d\n", 0123);
+ printf("0x123 = %d\n", 0x123);
+ printf("12345678901234567890ull = %llu\n", 12345678901234567890ull);
+ // the type is a 64-bit type (unsigned long long or possibly unsigned long)
+ // even without a long suffix
+ printf("12345678901234567890u = %"PRIu64"\n", 12345678901234567890u );
+
+ // printf("%lld\n", -9223372036854775808); // Error:
+ // the value 9223372036854775808 cannot fit in signed long long, which
+ // is the biggest type allowed for unsuffixed decimal integer constant
+
+ printf("%llu\n", -9223372036854775808ull );
+ // unary minus applied to unsigned value subtracts it from 2^64,
+ // this gives unsigned 9223372036854775808
+
+ printf("%lld\n", -9223372036854775807ll - 1);
+ // correct way to form signed value -9223372036854775808
+}
+
+// The following variables are initialized to the same value:
+
+int d = 42;
+int o = 052;
+int x = 0x2a;
+int X = 0X2A;
+int b = 0b101010; // C23
+
+// The following variables are also initialized to the same value:
+
+unsigned long long l1 = 18446744073709550592ull; // C99
+unsigned long long l2 = 18'446'744'073'709'550'592llu; // C23
+unsigned long long l3 = 1844'6744'0737'0955'0592uLL; // C23
+unsigned long long l4 = 184467'440737'0'95505'92LLU; // C23
+
--- /dev/null
+// C preprocessor - conditional inclusion
+
+// Source: https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/preprocessor/conditional
+
+#define ABCD 2
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+
+#ifdef ABCD
+ printf("1: yes\n");
+#else
+ printf("1: no\n");
+#endif
+
+#ifndef ABCD
+ printf("2: no1\n");
+#elif ABCD == 2
+ printf("2: yes\n");
+#else
+ printf("2: no2\n");
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(DCBA) && (ABCD < 2 * 4 - 3)
+ printf("3: yes\n");
+#endif
+
+// C23 directives #elifdef/#elifndef
+#ifdef CPU
+ printf("4: no1\n");
+#elifdef GPU
+ printf("4: no2\n");
+#elifndef RAM
+ printf("4: yes\n"); // selected in C23 mode, may be selected in pre-C23 mode
+#else
+ printf("4: no3\n"); // may be selected in pre-C23 mode
+#endif
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+// C preprocessor - binary resource inclusion
+
+// Source: https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/preprocessor/embed
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+const uint8_t image_data[] = {
+#embed "image.png"
+};
+
+const char message[] = {
+#embed "message.txt" if_empty('M', 'i', 's', 's', 'i', 'n', 'g', '\n')
+,'\0' // null terminator
+};
+
+void dump(const uint8_t arr[], size_t size)
+{
+ for (size_t i = 0; i != size; ++i)
+ printf("%02X%c", arr[i], (i + 1) % 16 ? ' ' : '\n');
+ puts("");
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+ puts("image_data[]:");
+ dump(image_data, sizeof image_data);
+ puts("message[]:");
+ dump((const uint8_t*)message, sizeof message);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+// C preprocessor - diagnostic directives
+
+// Source: https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/preprocessor/error
+
+#if __STDC__ != 1
+# error "Not a standard compliant compiler"
+#endif
+
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 202311L
+# warning "Using #warning as a standard feature"
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main (void)
+{
+ printf("The compiler used conforms to the ISO C Standard !!");
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+// C string literals
+
+// Source: https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/string_literal
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <uchar.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+ char s1[] = "a็ซ๐"; // or "a\u732B\U0001F34C"
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 202311L
+ char8_t
+#else
+ char
+#endif
+ s2[] = u8"a็ซ๐";
+ char16_t s3[] = u"a็ซ๐";
+ char32_t s4[] = U"a็ซ๐";
+ wchar_t s5[] = L"a็ซ๐";
+
+ setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
+ printf(" \"%s\" is a char[%zu] holding { ", s1, sizeof s1 / sizeof *s1);
+ for(size_t n = 0; n < sizeof s1 / sizeof *s1; ++n)
+ printf("0x%02X ", +(unsigned char)s1[n]);
+ puts("}");
+ printf(
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 202311L
+ "u8\"%s\" is a char8_t[%zu] holding { "
+#else
+ "u8\"%s\" is a char[%zu] holding { "
+#endif
+, s2, sizeof s2 / sizeof *s2);
+ for(size_t n = 0; n < sizeof s2 / sizeof *s2; ++n)
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 202311L
+ printf("0x%02X ", s2[n]);
+#else
+ printf("0x%02X ", +(unsigned char)s2[n]);
+#endif
+ puts("}");
+ printf(" u\"a็ซ๐\" is a char16_t[%zu] holding { ", sizeof s3 / sizeof *s3);
+ for(size_t n = 0; n < sizeof s3 / sizeof *s3; ++n)
+ printf("0x%04" PRIXLEAST16" ", s3[n]);
+ puts("}");
+ printf(" U\"a็ซ๐\" is a char32_t[%zu] holding { ", sizeof s4 / sizeof *s4);
+ for(size_t n = 0; n < sizeof s4 / sizeof *s4; ++n)
+ printf("0x%08" PRIXLEAST32" ", s4[n]);
+ puts("}");
+ printf(" L\"%ls\" is a wchar_t[%zu] holding { ", s5, sizeof s5 / sizeof *s5);
+ for(size_t n = 0; n < sizeof s5 / sizeof *s5; ++n)
+ printf("0x%08X ", (unsigned)s5[n]);
+ puts("}");
+}
+