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2 FSF Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. This is the top level of the libstdc++ documentation set. The documentation is divided into the following three sections. Manual Frequently Asked Questions API and Source Documentation" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="manual/index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library Manual" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="manual/index.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="set" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="set-index"></a>The GNU C++ Library</h1></div><div><div class="abstract"><a id="contents"></a><p class="title"><strong>Short Contents</strong></p><p>
- Copyright (C) 2008-2022
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The GNU C++ Library</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><meta name="description" content="Short Contents Copyright (C) 2008-202
3 FSF Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. This is the top level of the libstdc++ documentation set. The documentation is divided into the following three sections. Manual Frequently Asked Questions API and Source Documentation" /><meta name="keywords" content="ISO C++, runtime, library" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library" /><link rel="next" href="manual/index.html" title="The GNU C++ Library Manual" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">The GNU C++ Library</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="manual/index.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="set" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="set-index"></a>The GNU C++ Library</h1></div><div><div class="abstract"><a id="contents"></a><p class="title"><strong>Short Contents</strong></p><p>
+ Copyright (C) 2008-2023
<a class="link" href="https://www.fsf.org" target="_top">FSF
</a>
</p><p>
built. The C++ Standard also describes a
<span class="emphasis"><em>freestanding</em></span> environment, in which only a
minimal set of headers are provided. This option builds such an
- environment.
+ environment. Note that a hosted library installs headers that still can
+ be used in non hosted environments, as the library checks for
+ <code class="code">__STDC_HOSTED__</code>, however, a library configured with
+ <code class="code">--disable-hosted-libstdcxx</code> will not install unusable headers.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="code">--disable-libstdcxx-hosted</code></span></dt><dd><p>This is an alias for <code class="code">--disable-hosted-libstdcxx</code>.</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="code">--disable-libstdcxx-verbose</code></span></dt><dd><p>
By default, the library is configured to write descriptive messages
to standard error for certain events such as calling a pure virtual
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="appendix_porting.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="appendix_porting.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="internals.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Appendix B.
Porting and Maintenance
- </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
+ </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
</a>
</em>. </span><span class="subtitle">
N2461
- . </span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pairs.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="utilities.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="traits.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Pairs </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Traits</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
+ . </span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pairs.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="utilities.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="traits.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Pairs </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Traits</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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Wickland
</span>. </span><span class="publisher"><span class="publishername">
National Psychological Institute
- . </span></span></p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="extensions.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="policy_data_structures_using.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Implementation </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Using</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
+ . </span></span></p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="bitmap_allocator_impl.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="extensions.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="policy_data_structures_using.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Implementation </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Using</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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<a class="link" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2021/p2186r2.html" target="_top">
P2186R2
</a>
- </td><td align="center"> 12.1 </td><td align="left"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="status.iso.tr1"></a>C++ TR1</h3></div></div></div><p>
+ </td><td align="center"> 12.1 </td><td align="left"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left"> Easy [utilities], [ranges], and [iterators] </td><td align="left">
+ <a class="link" href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2022/p1642r11.html" target="_top">
+ P1642R11
+ </a>
+ </td><td align="center"> 13.1 </td><td align="left"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="status.iso.tr1"></a>C++ TR1</h3></div></div></div><p>
This table is based on the table of contents of ISO/IEC DTR 19768,
Doc No: N1836=05-0096, Date: 2005-06-24,
"Draft Technical Report on C++ Library Extensions".
</p><pre class="programlisting">
make check-target-libstdc++-v3 RUNTESTFLAGS='--target_board \"unix{-mabi=32,,-mabi=64}\"'
</pre><p>
+ </p><p>
+ If you wish to run the testsuite in a freestanding configuration, you can
+ pass the <code class="code">-ffreestanding</code> flag. Doing so will run the tests
+ that do not require hosted features, and emit a
+ <code class="literal">UNSUPPORTED</code> for those that do. To run tests in the
+ freestanding configuration, you still need to build for a target you can
+ run programs on, e.g. <code class="code">x86_64-pc-linux-gnu</code>, as a few tests
+ still execute the code they build. Here's an example of how to run the
+ testsuite with libstdc++ in freestanding mode:
+ </p><pre class="programlisting">
+ make check-target-libstdc++-v3 RUNTESTFLAGS='--target_board=unix/-ffreestanding'
+ </pre><p>
</p><p>
You can run the tests with a compiler and library that have
already been installed. Make sure that the compiler (e.g.,
</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="literal">-fopenmp</code></td><td align="left">For <a class="link" href="parallel_mode.html" title="Chapter 18. Parallel Mode">parallel</a> mode.</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="literal">-ltbb</code></td><td align="left">Linking to tbb (Thread Building Blocks) is required for use of the
Parallel Standard Algorithms and execution policies in
<code class="filename"><execution></code>.
+ </td></tr><tr><td align="left"><code class="literal">-ffreestanding</code></td><td align="left">
+ Limits the library to its freestanding subset. Headers that are
+ not supported in freestanding will emit a "This header is not available
+ in freestanding mode" error.
+ Headers that are in the freestanding subset partially will not expose
+ functionality that is not part of the freestanding subset.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="make.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="intro.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="using_headers.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Make </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Headers</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
<code class="filename">initializer_list</code>
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="filename">type_traits</code>
- </p></li></ul></div><p> There exists a library that offers runtime support for
- just these headers, and it is called
- <code class="filename">libsupc++.a</code>. To use it, compile with <span class="command"><strong>gcc</strong></span> instead of <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span>, like so:
+ </p></li></ul></div><p>
+ As of GCC 13, libstdc++ implements P1642, which brings in many more
+ headers, as well a quite a few ones not covered by the paper.
+
+ In general, if a feature does not require traditionally libc-provided
+ facilities, or dynamic memory allocation, it's enabled in the
+ freestanding subset. In addition, if only a subset of a header
+ requires such features, it is partially included. Some examples
+ include:
+ </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
+ <code class="filename">string_view</code>
+ </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
+ <code class="filename">tuple</code>
+ </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
+ <code class="filename">bitset</code>
+ </p></li></ul></div><p>
+ Currently, this subset includes all of the iterator APIs (including the
+ ranges APIs) that do not involve streams, the entire C++ algorithms
+ library, excluding parallel algorithms, and a large part of the
+ utilities library. This is on top of the headers included in the lists
+ above.
+ </p><p>
+ If you're using a libstdc++ configured for hosted environments, and
+ would like to not involve the libraries libstdc++ would depend on in
+ your programs, you will need to use <span class="command"><strong>gcc</strong></span> to link your
+ application with only <code class="filename">libsupc++.a</code>,
+ like so:
</p><p>
- <span class="command"><strong>gcc foo.cc -lsupc++</strong></span>
+ <span class="command"><strong>gcc -ffreestanding foo.cc -lsupc++</strong></span>
</p><p>
- No attempt is made to verify that only the minimal subset
- identified above is actually used at compile time. Violations
- are diagnosed as undefined symbols at link time.
+ If you configured libstdc++ with
+ <code class="code">--disable-hosted-libstdcxx</code>, however, you can use the
+ normal <span class="command"><strong>g++</strong></span> command to link, as this configuration
+ provides a (nearly) empty <code class="filename">libstdc++.a</code>.
</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="manual.intro.using.linkage.dynamic"></a>Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries</h3></div></div></div><p>
If the only library built is the static library
(<code class="filename">libstdc++.a</code>), or if
built. The C++ Standard also describes a
<emphasis>freestanding</emphasis> environment, in which only a
minimal set of headers are provided. This option builds such an
- environment.
+ environment. Note that a hosted library installs headers that still can
+ be used in non hosted environments, as the library checks for
+ <code>__STDC_HOSTED__</code>, however, a library configured with
+ <code>--disable-hosted-libstdcxx</code> will not install unusable headers.
</para>
</listitem></varlistentry>
<entry />
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry> Easy [utilities], [ranges], and [iterators] </entry>
+ <entry>
+ <link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2022/p1642r11.html">
+ P1642R11
+ </link>
+ </entry>
+ <entry align="center"> 13.1 </entry>
+ <entry />
+ </row>
+
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</programlisting>
</para>
+ <para>
+ If you wish to run the testsuite in a freestanding configuration, you can
+ pass the <code>-ffreestanding</code> flag. Doing so will run the tests
+ that do not require hosted features, and emit a
+ <literal>UNSUPPORTED</literal> for those that do. To run tests in the
+ freestanding configuration, you still need to build for a target you can
+ run programs on, e.g. <code>x86_64-pc-linux-gnu</code>, as a few tests
+ still execute the code they build. Here's an example of how to run the
+ testsuite with libstdc++ in freestanding mode:
+ <programlisting>
+ make check-target-libstdc++-v3 RUNTESTFLAGS='--target_board=unix/-ffreestanding'
+ </programlisting>
+ </para>
+
<para>
You can run the tests with a compiler and library that have
already been installed. Make sure that the compiler (e.g.,
</entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>-ffreestanding</literal></entry>
+ <entry>
+ Limits the library to its freestanding subset. Headers that are
+ not supported in freestanding will emit a "This header is not available
+ in freestanding mode" error.
+ Headers that are in the freestanding subset partially will not expose
+ functionality that is not part of the freestanding subset.
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- <para> There exists a library that offers runtime support for
- just these headers, and it is called
- <filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++.a</filename>. To use it, compile with <command>gcc</command> instead of <command>g++</command>, like so:
+ <para>
+ As of GCC 13, libstdc++ implements P1642, which brings in many more
+ headers, as well a quite a few ones not covered by the paper.
+
+ In general, if a feature does not require traditionally libc-provided
+ facilities, or dynamic memory allocation, it's enabled in the
+ freestanding subset. In addition, if only a subset of a header
+ requires such features, it is partially included. Some examples
+ include:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <filename class="headerfile">string_view</filename>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <filename class="headerfile">tuple</filename>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <filename class="headerfile">bitset</filename>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ Currently, this subset includes all of the iterator APIs (including the
+ ranges APIs) that do not involve streams, the entire C++ algorithms
+ library, excluding parallel algorithms, and a large part of the
+ utilities library. This is on top of the headers included in the lists
+ above.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you're using a libstdc++ configured for hosted environments, and
+ would like to not involve the libraries libstdc++ would depend on in
+ your programs, you will need to use <command>gcc</command> to link your
+ application with only <filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++.a</filename>,
+ like so:
</para>
<para>
- <command>gcc foo.cc -lsupc++</command>
+ <command>gcc -ffreestanding foo.cc -lsupc++</command>
</para>
<para>
- No attempt is made to verify that only the minimal subset
- identified above is actually used at compile time. Violations
- are diagnosed as undefined symbols at link time.
+ If you configured libstdc++ with
+ <code>--disable-hosted-libstdcxx</code>, however, you can use the
+ normal <command>g++</command> command to link, as this configuration
+ provides a (nearly) empty <filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++.a</filename>.
</para>
</section>
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