Looking at the __builtin_expect in ZSTD_decodeSequence:
{ size_t offset;
#if defined(__clang__)
if (LIKELY(ofBits > 1)) {
#else
if (ofBits > 1) {
#endif
ZSTD_STATIC_ASSERT(ZSTD_lo_isLongOffset == 1);
From profile-annotated assembly, the probability of ofBits > 1 is about 75%
(101k counts out of 135k counts). This is much smaller than the recommended
likelihood to use __builtin_expect which is 99%. As a result, clang moved the
else block further away which hurts cache locality. Removing this
__built_expect along with two others in ZSTD_decodeSequence gave better
performance when PGO is enabled. I suggest to remove these branch hints and
rely on PGO which leverages runtime profiles from actual workload to calculate
branch probability instead.
/* sequence */
{ size_t offset;
- #if defined(__clang__)
- if (LIKELY(ofBits > 1)) {
- #else
if (ofBits > 1) {
- #endif
ZSTD_STATIC_ASSERT(ZSTD_lo_isLongOffset == 1);
ZSTD_STATIC_ASSERT(LONG_OFFSETS_MAX_EXTRA_BITS_32 == 5);
ZSTD_STATIC_ASSERT(STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32 > LONG_OFFSETS_MAX_EXTRA_BITS_32);
seq.offset = offset;
}
- #if defined(__clang__)
- if (UNLIKELY(mlBits > 0))
- #else
if (mlBits > 0)
- #endif
seq.matchLength += BIT_readBitsFast(&seqState->DStream, mlBits/*>0*/);
if (MEM_32bits() && (mlBits+llBits >= STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32-LONG_OFFSETS_MAX_EXTRA_BITS_32))
/* Ensure there are enough bits to read the rest of data in 64-bit mode. */
ZSTD_STATIC_ASSERT(16+LLFSELog+MLFSELog+OffFSELog < STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_64);
- #if defined(__clang__)
- if (UNLIKELY(llBits > 0))
- #else
if (llBits > 0)
- #endif
seq.litLength += BIT_readBitsFast(&seqState->DStream, llBits/*>0*/);
if (MEM_32bits())