Shell Compatibility Level
=========================
-Bash-3.2 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified
+Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified
as a set of options to the shopt builtin (compat31, compat32, compat40 at
this writing). There is only one current compatibility level -- each
option is mutually exclusive. This list does not mention behavior that is
+Compatibility with previous versions
+====================================
+
This document details the incompatibilities between this version of bash,
-bash-4.0, and the previous widely-available versions, bash-1.14 (which is
-still the `standard' version for a few Linux distributions) and bash-2.x.
+bash-4.1, and the previous widely-available versions, bash-2.x (which is
+still the `standard' version for a few Linux distributions) and bash-3.x.
These were discovered by users of bash-2.x and 3.x, so this list is not
comprehensive. Some of these incompatibilities occur between the current
-version and versions 2.0 and above. (The differences between bash-1.14 and
-bash-2.0 were significant.)
+version and versions 2.0 and above.
1. Bash uses a new quoting syntax, $"...", to do locale-specific
string translation. Users who have relied on the (undocumented)
than a regular expression.
34. Bash-4.0 allows the behavior in the previous item to be modified using
- the notion of a shell `compatibility level'.
+ the notion of a shell `compatibility level'. If the compat31 shopt
+ option is set, quoting the pattern has no special effect.
35. Bash-3.2 (patched) and Bash-4.0 fix a bug that leaves the shell in an
inconsistent internal state following an assignment error. One of the
41. Beginning with bash-4.0, when one of the commands in a pipeline is killed
by a SIGINT while executing a command list, the shell acts as if it
- received the interrupt.
+ received the interrupt. This can be disabled by setting the compat31 or
+ compat32 shell options.
42. Bash-4.0 changes the handling of the set -e option so that the shell exits
if a pipeline fails (and not just if the last command in the failing
pipeline is a simple command). This is not as Posix specifies. There is
work underway to update this portion of the standard; the bash-4.0
behavior attempts to capture the consensus at the time of release.
+
+43. Bash-4.0 fixes a Posix mode bug that caused the . (source) builtin to
+ search the current directory for its filename argument, even if "." is
+ not in $PATH. Posix says that the shell shouldn't look in $PWD in this
+ case.
+
+44. Bash-4.1 uses the current locale when comparing strings using the < and
+ > operators to the `[[' command. This can be reverted to the previous
+ behavior by setting one of the `compatNN' shopt options.
+
+Shell Compatibility Level
+=========================
+
+Bash-3.2 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified
+as a set of options to the shopt builtin (compat31, compat32, compat40 at
+this writing). There is only one current compatibility level -- each
+option is mutually exclusive. This list does not mention behavior that is
+standard for a particular version (e.g., setting compat32 means that quoting
+the rhs of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in
+the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and above).
+
+compat31 set
+ - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current
+ locale when comparing strings
+ - quoting the rhs of the regexp matching operator (=~) has no
+ special effect
+
+compat32 set
+ - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current
+ locale when comparing strings
+
+compat40 set
+ - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current
+ locale when comparing strings
+ - interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the execution
+ of the entire list to be aborted
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
+are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
+notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is,
+without any warranty.
+++ /dev/null
- 7/27/2004
- ---------
-
-[bash-3.0 released]
-
- 7/28
- ----
-array.c
- - in array_insert(), make sure the value to be added is non-NULL before
- calling savestring() on it
-
-builtins/reserved.def
- - fix description of `CDPATH'
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - when expanding a prompt that spans multiple lines with embedded
- newlines, set prompt_physical_chars from the portion after the
- final newline, not the preceding portion. Bug reported by
- "Ralf S. Engelschall" <rse@engelschall.com>
-
-make_cmd.c
- - explicitly declare `lineno' in function prologue for make_case_command
-
-builtins/evalfile.c
- - include `trap.h' for declaration for run_return_trap
-
-bashline.c
- - fix a `return' without a value in enable_hostname_completion
-
-general.c
- - include test.h for extern declaration for test_eaccess
-
-externs.h
- - add declaration for zcatfd
-
-tests/{history,histexp}.tests
- - unset HISTFILESIZE to avoid problems if a value of 0 is inherited
- from the environment
-
- 7/30
- ----
-bashline.c
- - small changes to glob_expand_word to perform tilde expansion before
- attempting globbing
-
-builtins/Makefile.in
- - fix the install-help target to not cd into the `helpfiles'
- subdirectory, so a value of $INSTALL_DATA containing a relative
- pathname (e.g., .././support/install.sh) remains valid
-
- 7/31
- ----
-subst.c
- - new function, mbstrlen(s), returns length of a multibyte character
- string
-
-include/shmbutil.h
- - new macro, MB_STRLEN(s), calls mbstrlen or STRLEN as appropriate
-
-builtins/trap.def
- - small change so that a first argument that's a valid signal number
- (digits only -- no symbolic names) will be treated as a signal and
- reverted back to the original handling disposition. Fixes debian
- complaints
-
-subst.c
- - call MB_STRLEN instead of STRLEN where appropriate in
- parameter_brace_expand_length to handle multibyte characters properly
- - call MB_STRLEN instead of strlen in verify_substring_values so that
- negative substrings of strings with multibyte chars work properly
-
- 8/1
- ---
-jobs.c
- - describe_pid needs to write to stderr, not stdout (POSIX)
- - start_job, since it's only used by builtins (fg/bg), needs to write
- its output to stdout, not stderr (POSIX)
-
-sig.c
- - add an `orig_flags' member to struct terminating_signal so the
- original signal handling flags (SA_RESTART, etc.) can be preserved
- on POSIX systems
- - make sure to preserve the signal flags state in
- initialize_terminating_signals and reset them for child processes
- in reset_terminating_signals
-
-builtins/fc.def
- - fixed an off-by-one error that caused `fc -l' to list one too many
- history entries
- - in posix mode, `fc' should not list any indication as to whether or
- not history lines have been modified (POSIX)
- - when in posix mode, the default editor for `fc' should be `ed' (POSIX)
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - updated the description of `trap' behavior when given a first
- argument that is a valid signal number
- - noted that `fc -l' won't indicate whether a history entry has been
- modified if the shell is in posix mode
-
-builtins/command.def
- - fixed bug: `command -v' is supposed to be silent if a command is not
- found
-
-builtins/hash.def
- - `hash' should print its `hash table empty' message to stderr
-
-lib/readline/misc.c
- - back out 7/7 change to _rl_maybe_save_line; it breaks emacs-mode ^P
-
-general.c
- - changed base_pathname so that it will return reasonable results for
- non-absolute pathnames -- this is what is intended by all of its
- callers
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - fix array_variable_part to return NULL if it finds an invisible
- variable in the hash table. Fixes seg fault caused by referring to
- unset local variable using array notation
-
-{locale,variables}.c
- - support LC_TIME as a special locale variable so HISTTIMEFORMAT tracks
- the current locale
-
- 8/2
- ---
-variables.c
- - fixed small memory leak in makunbound() when a local array variable
- is unset. Fix from William Park
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - fixed a problem when computing the number of invisible characters on
- the first line of a prompt whose length exceeds the screen width
- (should only happen when invisible characters occur after the
- line wrap). Bug reported by agriffis@gentoo.org
-
-builtins/command.def
- - `command -V' passes a new flag, CDESC_ABSPATH, which means to convert
- to an absolute path
-
-builtins/type.def
- - in posix mode, `type' and `command -v/-V' should not report
- non-executable files, even if the execution code will attempt to
- run them. Other posix shells do this
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - add note to POSIX Mode section describing behavior of type and command
- when finding a non-executable file
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - force extended_glob to 1 before calling binary_test in
- execute_cond_node so that the right extended pattern matching gets
- performed
-
- 8/3
- ---
-braces.c
- - make sure lhs[0] and rhs[0] are cast to `unsigned char' so chars
- with values > 128 are handled correctly
-
-builtins/printf.def
- - change bexpand() and printstr() to handle strings with a leading
- '\0' whose length is non-zero, since that's valid input for the
- `%b' format specifier
-
-subst.c
- - fix a couple of instances of find_variable that didn't check the
- result for an invisible variable
-
-variables.c
- - BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO no longer created as
- invisible vars
-
-pcomplete.c
- - make sure COMP_WORDS is not invisible when bind_comp_words returns
- - ditto for COMPREPLY in gen_shell_function_matches
-
- 8/4
- ---
-braces.c
- - fix problem where ${ was ignored but did not increment the open
- brace count. Bug reported by Tim Waugh <twaugh@redhat.com>
-
-variables.c
- - if make_local_variable finds a variable in the correct context in
- the right variable scope, make sure it's not invisible before
- returning it
-
- 8/5
- ---
-builtins/trap.def
- - fixed usage message to show `action' as not optional, though it
- actually is when not in posix mode (for a single argument)
-
- 8/7
- ---
-configure.in
- - kfreebsd-gnu has had its sbrk() problems fixed, and no longer needs
- to be configured --without-gnu-malloc
-
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - in rl_vi_search, free any saved history line before starting the
- search, so failure leaves you at that line, not the last line in
- the history (assuming the current line is not the last history line).
- Fix from llattanzi@apple.com to replace fix of 7/7
-
- 8/9
- ---
-support/Makefile.in
- - renamed `mostly-clean' target to `mostlyclean'
-
- 8/11
- ----
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - make same change for EOL in multibyte character case of
- rl_vi_change_char
-
- 8/12
- ----
-subst.c
- - in verify_substring_values, fix off-by-one error checking bounds of
- `offset', esp. in array values (e.g., getting the highest element
- of an array)
-
- 8/16
- ----
-aclocal.m4
- - change BASH_CHECK_DEV_FD to make sure that file descriptors > 2 are
- accessible via /dev/fd, unlike FreeBSD 5.x
-
-lib/sh/strftime.c
- - make sure `zone' is initialized with gettimeofday before it is used
- - work around HPUX lack of `altzone' and differing definitions of
- `timezone'
-
-lib/malloc/malloc.c
- - internal_memalign and memalign now take a `size_t' as their first
- argument, which seems to be the prevailing standard
-
-lib/malloc/{malloc.c,shmalloc.h}
- - change sh_memalign to take a `size_t' as its first argument
-
-builtins/echo.def
- - if posixly_correct and xpg_echo are both set, don't try to interpret
- any arguments at all, as POSIX/XOPEN requires (fix inspired by Paul
- Eggert)
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - amend description of bash posix mode to include new echo behavior
-
-builtins/fg_bg.def
- - allow bg to take multiple job arguments, as posix seems to specify,
- placing them all in the background, returning the status of the last
- one as the status of `bg'
-
-lib/readline/vi_mode
- - fix _rl_vi_change_mbchar_case (multibyte-char version of `~'
- command) to have the right behavior at EOL -- handle case where vi
- mode backs up at the end of the line
-
- 8/18
- ----
-array.c
- - check for an empty array in array_rshift before shifting elements
- and adjusting max_index
- - check for null array in array_subrange
-
-jobs.c
- - fix raw_job_exit_status to not ignore exit status of the last
- process in the pipeline when `set -o pipefail' is enabled
-
- 8/19
- ----
-lib/readline/mbutil.c
- - make sure _rl_find_next_mbchar_internal has a valid multibyte
- character before it checks whether or not it's a zero-width
- wide character and adjusts point accordingly
-
- 8/24
- ----
-bashline.c
- - new function, bash_directory_expansion, duplicates the expansions
- performed on the directory name by rl_filename_completion_function
- - call bash_directory_expansion in command_word_completion_function
- if we decide we're doing tilde expansion (and any other
- canonicalization) on the directory name being completed
-
- 8/25
- ----
-configure.in
- - use new-style AC_CHECK_HEADER to check for sys/ptem.h (which requires
- sys/stream.h). The correct checks are in the code, but autoconf
- complains if sys/stream.h is not included, rather than simply
- checking for the header's presence
-
- 8/26
- ----
-builtins/hash.def
- - fix a bug that prevented `hash -d' from working right (as soon as
- hash removed a command from the table, the bug caused it to be added
- right back)
-
- 8/27
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - explicitly note that conditional primaries that operate on files
- operate on the targets of symbolic links rather than the links
- themselves
-
- 8/30
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - fix multibyte calculation of `physchars' in prompt expansion, to
- handle double-width multibyte characters correctly
- - changes to rl_redisplay to handle prompts longer than the screenwidth
- that might contain double-width multibyte characters. Fixes from
- Tomohiro Kubota
-
- 9/6
- ---
-subst.c
- - change word_list_split to avoid really bad behavior caused by calling
- list_append for each split word -- as the list gets long, you have
- to traverse it every time. Keep a pointer to the end of the list and
- and just tack onto it
-
- 9/8
- ---
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - change fnprint to calculate the displayed width of a filename in
- the same way as fnwidth
-
-subst.c
- - in verify_substring_values, when expanding ${array[@]:offset}, make
- sure negative offsets count from one greater than the array's
- maximum index so things like ${x[@}: -1} work to give the last element
- (requires fixing array tests)
-
-builtins/common.c
- - new error function, sh_wrerror(), for builtins to call when a write
- error occurs
-
-builtins/common.h
- - extern declaration for sh_wrerror()
-
-builtins/cd.def
- - change builtin_error call to use sh_wrerror()
-
-builtins/echo.def
- - report write errors with sh_wrerror() instead of just returning
- failure
-
-builtins/printf.def
- - change printstr to return failure (-1) or success (0) indication
- rather than void
- - report write errors when printstr() fails, return failure
- - if any of the PF/printf calls fail, report write error and return
- failure
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - change execute_in_subshell so the subshell command inherits the
- command timing flags from the enclosing COMMAND *
-
- 9/11
- ----
-[prayers for the victims of 9/11/2001]
-
-lib/sh/strnlen.c
- - new file, implementation of GNU libc extension function strnlen
-
-lib/sh/Makefile.in, {config.h,configure,Makefile}.in, MANIFEST
- - changes for strnlen
-
-configure.in
- - version changed to 3.1-devel
-
-doc/bash.1, lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
- - added description of `-o plusdirs' to complete/compgen (thanks,
- Arnold)
-
-parse.y
- - new parser_state flag, PST_ASSIGNOK, if set indicates we're parsing
- arguments to a builtin that accepts assignment statement arguments
- - turn on PST_ASSIGNOK in read_token_word when appropriate
- - turn off PST_ASSIGNOK in read_token when appropriate
- - don't attempt to parse a compound assignment specially unless we're
- in a position where an assignment statement is acceptable, or
- PST_ASSIGNOK is set
-
- 9/13
- ----
-variables.c
- - make BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_LINENO, and BASH_SOURCE
- non-unsettable, since the shell uses those values internally
-
-expr.c
- - make exponentiation right-associative, as is apparently correct
-
- 9/16
- ----
-arrayfunc.c
- - make sure convert_var_to_array marks the environment as needing
- recreation if the converted variable was exported
-
- 9/17
- ----
-braces.c
- - mark ${ as introducing an additional level of braces only if it's
- not in a quoted string -- quoted strings are handled before brace
- matching is done
-
-parse.y
- - fixed an obscure problem in history_delimiting_chars where the `in'
- in a case statement could have a semicolon added after it, if the
- `case word' was on a previous line
-
-support/config.guess
- - support for newest versions of tandem non-stop kernel
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - in compute_lcd_of_matches, explicitly cast `text' to `char *' before
- passing it to rl_filename_dequoting_function
-
-lib/readline/terminal.c
- - bind the key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key to delete-char
- (same as ^D in emacs mode)
-
-builtins/ulimit.def
- - in print_all_limits, don't print anything if get_limit returns
- -1/EINVAL, indicating that the kernel doesn't support that particular
- limit
- - add -i (max number of pending signals), -q (max size of posix msg
- queues), -x (max number of file locks) for systems (Linux) that
- support them
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - fix description of correspondence between FUNCNAME, BASH_LINENO,
- and BASH_SOURCE indices in description of BASH_LINENO
-
- 9/18
- ----
-lib/sh/shquote.c
- - don't quote CTLESC and CTLNUL with CTLESC in sh_backslash_quote, as
- long as the resultant string never gets sent to the word expansion
- functions without going through the shell parser
-
-externs.h
- - add extern declarations for strnlen and strpbkrk from lib/sh
-
-subst.[ch]
- - changes to handle case where IFS consists of multibyte characters.
- Changed: string_extract_verbatim, split_at_delims,
- string_list_dollar_star, string_list_dollar_at, list_string,
- get_word_from_string, setifs
-
- 9/19
- ----
-mailcheck.c
- - change file_mod_date_changed to reset the cached mail file data if
- the file size drops to zero
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - change append_to_match so that a non-zero value for
- rl_completion_suppress_append will cause no `/' to be appended to a
- directory name
-
-bashline.c
- - experimental change to suppress appending a slash for a completed
- filename that is found in PATH as well as a directory in the current
- directory under certain circumstances: a single instance found in
- $PATH when `.' is not in $PATH, and multiple instances found in the
- $PATH, even when `.' is in the $PATH
-
- 9/24
- ----
-command.h
- - new word flag: W_ASSIGNRHS, means word is rhs of assignment statement
- - new word flag: W_NOTILDE, means word is not to be tilde expanded
- - new word flag (internal): W_ITILDE, means the next character is a
- tilde that should be expanded
-
-general.c
- - new set of tilde suffixes for use when parsing the RHS of an
- assignment statement and =~ should not be subject to tilde expansion
- - if ASSIGN_P argument to bash_tilde_expand is 2, use tilde prefixes
- for parsing RHS of assignment statement
-
-general.[ch]
- - new function bash_tilde_find_word, drop-in replacement for
- tilde_find_word
-
-subst.c
- - call bash_tilde_expand with secord argument of 2 when expanding rhs
- of an assignment statement, so tildes after second and subsequent
- `=' in an assignment are not expanded
- - new function, expand_string_assignment, to expand the rhs of an
- assignment statement
- - add `~' to EXP_CHAR, the characters that will cause the word
- expansion functions to be called
- - move tilde expansion into expand_word_internal instead of many
- different calls to bash_tilde_expand scattered across different
- functions. NOTE: This means that double quotes surrounding a
- {paramOPword} expansion will cause tilde expansion to NOT be
- performed on `word'. I think this is right, what POSIX specifies,
- and consistent with the behavior of other characters in the rhs
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - take out calls to bash_tilde_expand before calling word expansion
- functions
-
- 9/26
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - make sure to call UNBLOCK_CHILD before returning on a pipe creation
- failure in execute_pipeline
-
- 9/27
- ----
-variables.c
- - change get_bash_command to deal with the_printed_command_except_trap
- being NULL
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - fix execute_simple_command to deal with the_printed_command being
- NULL when assigning to the_printed_command_except_trap -- fixes
- seg fault in savestring()
-
-parse.y
- - change the parser so that the closing `)' in a compound variable
- assignment delimits a token -- ksh93 does it this way
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - change description of tilde expansion to note that expansion is
- attempted only after the first =~ in an assignment statement
-
-builtins/declare.def
- - when assigning to an array variable with declare -a x=(...), make
- sure the last character in the rhs of the variable assignment is
- `)', not just that it appears somewhere
-
- 9/28
- ----
-command.h
- - add a `W_NOEXPAND' flag to inhibit all expansion except quote removal
- - add a `W_COMPASSIGN' flag to denote a word is a compound assignment
- statement
-
-parse.y
- - set W_COMPASSIGN on words that appear to be compound assignments
-
-subst.c
- - pass W_NOXPAND and W_COMPASSIGN through end of expand_word_internal
-
-subst.[ch]
- - new function, expand_assignment_string_to_string, calls
- expand_string_assignment and then string_list on the result
-
-variables.c
- - assign_in_env now calls expand_assignment_string_to_string
-
- 9/30
- ----
-builtins/common.c
- - change get_job_spec so the null job `%' once again means the current
- job
-
- 10/1
- ----
-subst.c
- - do_assignment_internal now takes a WORD_DESC * as its first
- argument, and uses its `word' member as the assignment string
- - change expand_word_list_internal to call do_word_assignment instead
- of do_assignment, passing it `word' instead of, e.g., `word->word'
- - change extract_array_assignment_list to just return the passed
- string minus a trailing `)' if the last character is a right
- paren
- - change do_assignment_internal to call extract_array_assignment_list
-
-subst.[ch]
- - change do_assignment and do_assignment_no_expand to take a `char *'
- instead of `const char *' first argument; change extern prototypes
- - new function, do_word_assignment, takes a WORD_DESC * and calls
- do_assignment_internal on it; add extern declaration with prototype
-
-general.h
- - new typedef, sh_wassign_func_t, like sh_assign_func_t but takes a
- WORD_DESC * as its first argument
-
-variables.[ch]
- - assign_in_env now takes a WORD_DESC * as its first argument
-
- 10/2
- ----
-command.h
- - new word flag, W_ASSNBLTIN, denotes that the word is a builtin
- command (in a command position) that takes assignment statements
- as arguments, like `declare'
- - new word flags, W_ASSIGNARG, denotes that word is an assignment
- statement given as argument to assignment builtin
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - set W_ASSNBLTIN flag in fix_assignment_words if necessary (if there
- are any arguments that are assignment statements)
- - set W_ASSIGNARG flag in fix_assignment_words if necessary
-
-subst.c
- - new function, do_compound_assignment, encapsulates the necessary
- code to perform a compound array assignment (including creation of
- local variables); called from do_assignment_internal
- - to fix the double-expansion problem with compound array assignments
- that are arguments to builtins like `declare', changed
- shell_expand_word_list to treat those arguments like assignment
- statements (with proper creation of local variables inside shell
- functions) and pass the attribute-setting portion of the statement
- onto the builtin. This is what ksh93 appears to do, from inspection
- of the `ksh93 -x' output
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - fix execute_simple_command: in case of pipeline or async command,
- when forking early, set `subshell_environment' so that it can contain
- both SUBSHELL_PIPE and SUBSHELL_ASYNC -- the two should not be
- mutually exclusive. Fixes bug reported by pierre.humblet@ieee.org
- - remove references to last_pid, old_command_subst_pid; use NO_PID as
- a sentinel value to decide whether or not a child process has been
- created and needs to be waited for. Submitted by
- pierre.humblet@ieee.org to fix recycling-pid problem on cygwin
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - fixed documentation of `@(pattern)' extended globbing operator --
- it succeeds if the string matches one of the patterns, not exactly
- one. This is what ksh93 does, too
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - fixed rl_menu_complete so that a negative argument cycles backwards
- through the list
-
- 10/3
- ----
-subst.c
- - use W_COMPASSIGN flag in do_assignment_internal instead of deciding
- lexically which assignments are compound array assignments
-
- 10/6
- ----
-support/shobj-conf
- - additions for System V.5 from Boyd Gerber <gerberb@zenez.com>
-
-subst.c
- - in command_substitute, if subshell_environment includes
- SUBSHELL_ASYNC, call make_child with the `async_p' argument set to
- non-zero. This keeps command substitutions for async commands or
- pipelines from trying to give the terminal back to the shell's
- pgrp. make sure to save and restore last_asynchronous_pid. Fix
- suggested by <pierre.humblet@ieee.org>
-
- 10/7
- ----
-config.h.in
- - add a placeholder definition for WCONTINUED_BROKEN
-
- 10/9
- ----
-aclocal.m4
- - add BASH_CHECK_WCONTINUED, checks for glibc bug where WCONTINUED is
- defined but rejected as invalid by waitpid(2)
-
-configure.in
- - add call to BASH_CHECK_WCONTINUED, defines WCONTINUED_BROKEN
-
-redir.c
- - experimental change to add_undo_redirect to save manipulations to
- file descriptors >= SHELL_FD_BASE (10) on the list of redirections
- to be undone even if `exec' causes the list to be discarded
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - note that redirections using file descriptors > 9 should be used
- carefully, because they might conflict with file descriptors the
- shell uses internally
-
- 10/11
- -----
-parse.y
- - fix pipeline_command production to handle case where `pipeline'
- as `argument' of `!' or `time' is null (e.g., a syntax error not
- handled by the grammar)
-
- 10/13
- -----
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - new internal variable, _rl_bind_stty_chars; if non-zero, bind the
- terminal special characters to readline equivalents at startup
- - change readline_default_bindings() and reset_default_bindings() to
- understand _rl_bind_stty_chars
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - new extern declaration for _rl_bind_stty_chars
-
-lib/readline/rltty.c
- - change rl_prep_terminal to add support for _rl_bind_stty_chars
-
- 10/15
- -----
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - new bindable variable, `bind-tty-special-chars', bound to value of
- _rl_bind_stty_chars
-
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi}
- - documented new readline variable `bind-tty-special-chars'
-
-builtins/pushd.def
- - make the first check for option `--' skip the rest of option
- checking
-
- 10/16
- -----
-lib/readline/shell.c
- - change sh_set_lines_and_columns to prefer setenv, which has
- predictable memory allocation behavior, to putenv, which does not
-
- 10/19
- -----
-variables.c
- - change push_exported_var so that a tempenv variable has to have the
- export attribute set (which they all do -- something to look at) and
- the `propagate' attribute set to be propagated down to the next
- scope
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - change execute_builtin so that if CMD_COMMAND_BUILTIN is set in the
- passed flags argument, call pop_scope with a value that says the
- builtin is not special, since `command' means that preceding variable
- assignments don't persist in the environment. Fixes problem with
- variable assignments preceding command preceding special builtin
- keeping those variable assignments around (when in posix mode)
-
- 10/20
- -----
-lib/sh/shquote.c
- - new function, sh_mkdoublequoted, brackets a given string with
- double quotes and returns a new string. Flags argument, if non-
- zero, means to quote embedded double quotes with backslashes
-
-externs.h
- - new extern declaration for sh_mkdoublequoted
-
-parse.y
- - use sh_mkdoublequoted after calling localeexpand()
-
-lib/sh/strtrans.c
- - change ansicstr to understand that (flags & 4) != 0 means to remove
- backslash from unrecognized escape sequences
-
-general.c
- - fix logic problem in assignment() that caused non-variable-starter
- characters to be allowed, resulting in things like `1=xxx' creating
- a variable `1' in the hash table
-
- 10/21
- -----
-bashline.c
- - don't call programmable_completions with an assignment statement
- argument
-
- 10/22
- -----
-lib/readline/rltty.c
- - in prepare_terminal_settings, turn echoing on (readline_echoing_p)
- if get_tty_settings fails because the input is not a terminal
-
- 10/24
- -----
-lib/readline/util.c
- - include rlmbutil.h for multibyte definitions
- - new function, _rl_walphabetic, wide char version of rl_alphabetic
-
-lib/readline/mbutil.c
- - new function, _rl_char_value(buf, ind), returns value of (possibly
- multibyte) character at buf[ind]
-
-lib/readline/rlmbutil.h
- - extern defines for _rl_walphabetic and _rl_char_value for when
- multibyte chars are not being used
- - new wrapper definitions for _rl_find_next_mbchar (MB_NEXTCHAR) and
- _rl_find_prev_mbchar (MB_PREVCHAR) that try to avoid unneeded
- function calls
-
-lib/readline/text.c
- - fix rl_foward_word to work with multibyte characters (or in a
- multibyte locale) using above utility functions
- - fix rl_backward_word to work with multibyte characters (or in a
- multibyte locale) using above utility functions
-
- 10/26
- -----
-parse.y
- - fix parse_matched_pair so that it doesn't swallow \<newline> when
- parsing a $'...' construct (call shell_getc with different arg)
-
- 10/28
- -----
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - after some (compiled-in) threshold, glob_vector will stop using
- alloca to allocate `struct globval's and will switch to using
- malloc, with appropriate cleanup before returning
-
-subst.c
- - don't expand tildes after `=' in expand_word_internal, even if the
- W_TILDEEXP flag is set, unless it's the first tilde in a word
- marked W_ASSIGNMENT
-
- 10/31
- -----
-lib/readline/text.c
- - make sure rl_point doesn't go below 0 in rl_delete_horizontal_space
- (from SUSE, but not sent in)
-
-shell.c
- - make sure shell_is_restricted skips over a single leading `-' in
- the shell name (from SUSE, but not sent in)
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - disable `fast redisplay' at the end of the line if in a locale that
- supports multibyte characters (from SUSE, but not sent in)
-
-lib/readline/histexpand.c
- - fix a problem with finding the delimiter of a `?' substring when
- compiled for multibyte characters (from SUSE, but not sent in)
-
- 11/1
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - correct some assignments to _rl_last_c_pos: when in a multibyte
- locale, it's used as an absolute cursor position; when not using
- multibyte characters, it's a buffer offset. I should have caught
- this when the multibyte character support was donated
-
- 11/5
- ----
-general.c
- - change `assignment()' to accept `+=' assignment operator
-
-arrayfunc.[ch]
- - bind_array_variable and assign_array_element both take a new `flags'
- argument
- - assign_array_var_from_string, assign_array_from_string, and
- assign_array_var_from_word_list now all take a new `flags' argument
- - change assign_array_var_from_word_list to understand how to append
- to an array variable
- - change assign_array_var_from_string to understand how to append
- to an array variable. It does not unset the previous value if
- appending, allowing both old values to be changed and new ones to
- be added
-
-subst.h
- - new flag #defines to use for evaluating assignment statements
-
-{subst,variables}.c, builtins/{declare,read}.def
- - change callers of assign_array_element and bind_array_variable
- - change do_compound_assignment to understand assignment flags
- - change do_assignment_internal to set assignment flags and pass them
- to underlying functions
-
-pcomplete.c,builtins/{declare,read}.def
- - fix callers of assign_array_var_from_string, assign_array_var_from_word_list
-
-variables.[ch]
- - make_variable_value now takes a new `flags' argument
- - make_variable_value now understands how to append to a particular
- variable, using the old value
- - bind_variable_value now takes a new `flags' argument
- - change make_variable_value to understand ASS_APPEND flag
- - bind_variable now takes a new `flags' argument
- - bind_variable_internal now takes a new `flags' argument
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - change callers of make_variable_value to add flags arg
-
-builtins/declare.def
- - change callers of bind_variable_value to add flags arg
-
-{execute_cmd,mailcheck,pcomplete,shell,subst,variables}.c,parse.y
-builtins/{cd,command,declare,getopts,read,set,setattr}.def
- - change callers of bind_variable to add flags arg
-
-variables.c
- - change callers of bind_variable_internal
- - change bind_variable_internal to pass assignment flags on to
- make_variable_value
- - change assign_in_env to treat `var+=value' like `var=value'
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - break code that actually constructs the new value and assigns it
- to a particular array index out into a new functions:
- bind_array_var_internal. This fakes out make_variable_value by
- passing a dummy SHELL_VAR * so it can do proper appending and other
- += processing
- - changes to assign_array_var_from_string to accept and process as if
- they were `standalone' assignment statements array assignment words
- of the form [ind]+=val
-
- 11/7
- ----
-builtins/declare.def
- - added support for `declare [flags] var+=value'. `Flags' are applied
- before the assignment is performed, which has implications for things
- like `-i' -- if -i is supplied, arithmetic evaluation and increment
- will be performed
-
-builtins/setattr.def
- - add support for `+=' assignment for rest of `assignment builtins':
- export, readonly
-
- 11/12
- -----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - make sure prompt_physical_chars and prompt_invis_chars_first_line
- are reset to 0 if the prompt string passed to rl_expand_prompt is
- NULL or empty
-
- 11/14
- -----
-{configure,config.h}.in
- - check for `raise', define HAVE_RAISE if available
-
-lib/intl/dcigettext.c
- - make sure `raise' is defined if HAVE_RAISE is not before
- eval-plurah.h is included
-
-lib/malloc/trace.c
- - put extern declaration for imalloc_fopen inside the MALLOC_TRACE
- #ifdef
-
- 11/16
- -----
-lib/intl/Makefile.in
- - make sure SHELL is defined to cpp
-
-lib/intl/dcigettext.c
- - make sure we use getcwd() even if HAVE_GETCWD is not defined after
- including config.h; if SHELL is defined, #define HAVE_GETCWD
-
- 11/18
- -----
-trap.[ch]
- - new function, int signal_in_progress(int sig), returns TRUE if the
- trap handler for signal SIG is currently executing
-
- 11/19
- -----
-redir.c
- - slightly change do_redirection_internal to set the close-on-exec
- flag for file descriptors > 2 used to save file descriptors < 2
- using explicit redirections (e.g., `exec 3>&1'). This keeps file
- descriptors pointing to pipes from being left open but doesn't
- change the shell's file descriptor semantics
-
- 11/20
- -----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - correct some minor typos, forwarded from doko@debian.org
-
- 11/22
- -----
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi}
- - documented detail that yank-last-arg and yank-nth-arg use the history
- arg expansion code (and, as a result, are subject to restrictions
- of the history-comment character)
-
- 11/23
- -----
-execute_cmd.c
- - changes so that BASH_COMMAND preserves its value into a DEBUG trap:
- for commands, arithmetic for command expressions, select commands,
- case commands, (( commands, [[ commands, simple commands
-
- 11/24
- -----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - changed description of `set' builtin slightly so that it is clear
- that only variables are displayed in posix mode and that read-only
- variables can't be reset by simply sourcing the output of `set'
-
-lib/sh/strftime.c
- - don't try to redefine `inline' if it's already defined
-
- 11/26
- -----
-execute_cmd.c
- - fix execute_function to check funcname_a after function execution,
- since FUNCNAME can be changed or unset within a function
-
- 11/27
- -----
-builtins/evalfile.c
- - make same changes as 11/26, this time to _evalfile
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - change execute_function to run the return trap after a function
- completes execution even if the shell is compiled without DEBUGGER
- defined
-
-trap.c
- - change reset_or_restore_signal_handlers so that the RETURN trap is
- not inherited by command substitution when DEBUGGER is not defined
-
- 11/30
- -----
-lib/readline/misc.c
- - fix memory leaks in _rl_free_history_entry and rl_maybe_replace_line
- caused by not freeing `timestamp' member of history entry
- - make sure timestamp is initialized to NULL in rl_maybe_save_line
-
- 12/1
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - fix execute_function so a function calling `return' will run the
- RETURN trap, if one's defined
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - fix description of RETURN trap in various places to indicate that it's
- only inherited by shell functions if function tracing is on globally
- or has been enabled for that function
- - fix documentation to indicate that the DEBUG and RETURN traps are
- inherited under the same conditions
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - a function does not inherit the RETURN trap if a DEBUG trap is
- currently running
-
- 12/2
- ----
-lib/glob/xmbsrtowcs.c
- - change xmbsrtowcs to handle the one case where malloc can fail
- (though it should not matter) -- don't try to free a null pointer
-
- 12/9
- ----
-subst.c
- - fix get_var_and_type to handle var[@], where `var' is a scalar
- variable, identically to var -- all calling expansions can now
- handle var[@] like var. Bug reported by agriffis@gentoo.org
-
- 12/10
- -----
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - make new-style "\M-x" keybindings obey `convert-meta' settings
- (bug reported by twaugh@redhat.com)
-
- 12/14
- -----
-builtins/set.def
- - added description of `-' option to help text
-
-builtins/shopt.def
- - fix bug that caused `gnu_errfmt' to not be compiled in unless
- READLINE is defined
-
- 12/16
- -----
-subst.c
- - fixed a typo in string_extract_verbatim in first call to MBLEN
- (used `slen - 1' instead of `slen - i')
-
- 12/17
- -----
-subst.c
- - avoid some calls to strlen if the value is only being used for
- ADVANCE_CHAR and MB_CUR_MAX == 1 (since ADVANCE_CHAR doesn't need
- it unless multibyte characters are possible)
- - change string_extract_verbatim so it takes the length of the string
- as a parameter, so we don't have to recompute the length of the same
- string over and over again when doing word splitting (that kills if
- it's a long string)
-
- 12/18
- -----
-subst.c
- - in string_list_dollar_star, make sure to null-terminate the
- separator if the character is longer than one byte
-
- 12/22
- -----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - changed text in quoting section explaining that double quotes do
- not prevent history expansion from taking place, and that backslashes
- escaping ! are not removed
-
- 12/28
- -----
-shell.c
- - set gnu_error_format to 1 if running under emacs. This should allow
- the emacs `next-error' stuff to work, at least for interactive shells
-
-parse.y
- - change yy_stream_get to set interrupt_immediately before calling
- getc_with_restart when the shell is interactive. This avoids the
- synchronization problem caused by the call to QUIT in read_a_line,
- which results in the first character after a SIGINT/^C to be
- dropped
-
- 12/30
- -----
-builtins/mkbuiltins.c
- - changes to write long documentation to arrays as a single string by
- default, rather than an array of strings -- enabled by default
- - new option, -S, to restore old behavior of writing multiple strings
- for long documentation
- - changes to avoid filenames written when the separate-filenames option
- (-H) has been supplied being run through gettext
-
-configure.in
- - new cofiguration option, --enable-single-help-strings (on by default),
- causes help text to be stored as a single string (or smaller set than
- one string per line)
-
-builtins/Makefile.in
- - pass `-S' to mkbuiltins if single-help-strings is turned off
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - documented new `single-help-strings' configure option
-
- 1/3/2005
- --------
-jobs.c
- - make wait_for return a non-zero status if the job or processed
- waited for is suspended. Returns 128 + stop signal. This fixes
- the problem with `echo one && sleep 5 && echo two' displaying
- `two' after the sleep is suspended
-
- 1/5
- ---
-print_cmd.c
- - change indirection_level_string so the code duplicates the first
- character of $PS4 to indicate the indirection level, rather than
- the first byte
-
- 1/8
- ---
-variables.c
- - new special variable hook function for COMP_WORDBREAKS; sets
- rl_completer_word_break_characters back to NULL when the variable
- is unset
- - change bind_variable_value to understand dynamic variables with
- assign_function set, and handle them correctly. If the variable is
- being appended to, use make_variable_value to create the new
- value
- - change bind_variable_internal to understand dynamic variables with
- assign_function set, and handle them the same way
- - RANDOM and LINENO now get the integer attribute, so appending works
- as expected
- - ditto for HISTCMD, MAILCHECK, OPTIND
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - change _rl_make_prompt_for_search to set prompt_physical_chars
- appropriately
- - rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt save and restore
- prompt_prefix_length
- - change redraw_prompt to use rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt
- - change rl_restore_prompt to set the `save' variables back to
- NULL/0 so code can check whether or not the prompt has been saved
- - change rl_message and rl_clear_message to save and restore the
- prompt if the caller has not already done it (using a simple
- semaphore-like variable)
- - change rl_message to call expand_prompt, so that local_prompt and
- local_prompt prefix are set before calling the redisplay functions,
- in case the prompt is longer than a screenwidth (fixes bug
- reported to debian by epl@unimelb.edu.au)
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - make sure to note that rl_save_prompt should be called before
- rl_message, and rl_restore_prompt before rl_clear_message
-
-pcomplete.c
- - make sure to save and restore the parser state around the call to
- execute_shell_function in gen_shell_function_matches. Fixes bug
- reported by a050106.1.keeLae3x@captaincrumb.com (cute)
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - fix _rl_dispatch_subseq in the case where we're recursing back up
- the chain (r == -2) and we encounter a key shadowed by a keymap,
- but originally bound to self-insert. Calling rl_dispatch with
- ANYOTHERKEY as the first argument will call rl_insert, but with
- ANYOTHERKEY (256) as the char to insert. Use the shadow keymap
- and set things up to dispatch to rl_insert with the shadowed key
- as the argument. Fixes the bug reported by Thomas Glanzmann
- (sithglan@stud.uni-erlangen.de)
-
- 1/13
- ----
-command.h
- - new word flag: W_HASQUOTEDNULL
-
-make_cmd.c
- - new function to allocate a WORD_DESC * without doing anything with a
- containing string: alloc_word_desc
-
-make_cmd.h
- - extern declaration for alloc_word_desc
-
-dispose_cmd.c
- - new function to just free a WORD_DESC * without freeing the contained
- string: dispose_word_desc
-
-dispose_cmd.h
- - extern declaration for dispose_word_desc
-
-subst.c
- - change some places to use alloc_word_desc
- - make same changes to word_list_quote_removal as were made to
- word_list_split
- - set W_HASQUOTEDNULL when a word is created with w->word[0] ==
- CTLNUL and w->word[1] == '\0'
-
-subst.c
- - parameter_brace_expand_word now returns a WORD_DESC * -- changed
- callers to understand
- - parameter_brace_expand_indir now returns a WORD_DESC * -- changed
- callers to understand
- - parameter_brace_expand_rhs now returns a WORD_DESC * -- changed
- callers to understand
- - remove W_HASQUOTEDNULL from a word's flags when remove_quoted_nulls
- is called on the word's enclosed string
-
- 1/15
- ----
-subst.c
- - param_expand now returns a WORD_DESC * -- changed callers to
- understand
- - parameter_brace_expand now returns a WORD_DESC * -- changed
- callers to understand
- - in expand_word_internal, only call remove_quoted_nulls after a word
- is returned with W_HASQUOTEDNULL
- - changes to pass W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag out of expand_word_internal;
- changed callers to call remove_quoted_nulls only if return value has
- W_HASQUOTEDNULL set. This is a mostly-complete fix for the
- long-standing CTLNUL confusion between a quoted null expansion and
- the expansion of a variable with a literal '\177' in its value
- - change string_list_dollar_at to compute the separator character the
- same way as string_list_dollar_star: using the already-computed
- values generated in setifs()
- - when expanding unquoted $*, if $IFS is empty, check whether or not
- we're eventually going to split the results (e.g., on the rhs of an
- assignment statement) and concatenate the positional parameters as
- if the expansion were within double quotes if we're not going to
- split
-
-tests/iquote.tests
- - test cases based on old bug reports about the quoted-null vs. 0177
- problem the recent code fixes
-
- 1/16
- ----
-dispose_cmd.c
- - set w->word to 0 before putting a WORD_DESC * back in the cache in
- dispose_word_desc; changed callers to delete those assignments
-
-variables.c
- - change assign_random and get_random_value so that the random number
- generator only gets re-seeded once in a subshell environment, and
- assigning a value to RANDOM counts as seeding the generator. This
- makes the sequences a little more predictable
-
- 1/20
- ----
-lib/readline/history.c
- - fix replace_history_entry, remove_history to return NULL if
- passed index is < 0
-
- 1/22
- ----
-lib/sh/netconn.c
- - fix isnetconn() to understand that getpeername can return ENOTCONN
- to indicate that an fd is not a socket
-
-configure.in
- - set BUILD_DIR to contain backslashes to escape any spaces in the
- directory name -- this is what make will accept in targets and
- prerequisites, so it's better than trying to use double quotes
- - set SIZE to the appropriate value if some cross-compiling tool
- chain is being used; `size' by default (can be overridden by
- SIZE environment variable)
-
-Makefile.in
- - use $(SIZE) instead of size; set SIZE from configure
-
- 1/31
- ----
-arrayfunc.c
- - in array_value_internal, return NULL right away if the variable's
- value is NULL, instead of passing a null string to add_string_to_list
-
- 2/1
- ---
-jobs.h
- - new struct to hold stats and counters for child processes and jobs
- - change some uses of global and static variables to use members of
- new struct (struct jobstats)
-
- 2/2
- ---
-
-jobs.[ch]
- - change PRUNNING to PALIVE
- - new define INVALID_JOB
- - new macro get_job_by_jid(ind), currently expands to jobs[ind]
- - new define J_JOBSTATE, operates on a JOB * like JOBSTATE operates on
- a job index
- - new function, reset_job_indices, called from delete_job if
- js.j_lastj or js.j_firstj are removed
- - change various functions to keep counters and stats in struct jobstats
-
-pcomplete.c, builtins/common.c, builtins/{exit,fg_bg,jobs,kill,wait}.def
- - change global variables (e.g., job_slots) to struct members
- (e.g., js.j_jobslots)
- - use INVALID_JOB define where appropriate
- - use get_job_by_jid and J_JOBSTATE where appropriate
-
-trap.c
- - change reset_or_restore_signal_handler to not free the exit trap
- string if the function pointer is reset_signal, which is used when
- the trap strings shouldn't be freed, like in command substitution
-
- 2/4
- ---
-jobs.c
- - new function, realloc_jobs_list, copies jobs array to newly-allocated
- memory shrinking (or growing) size to have next multiple of JOB_SLOTS
- greater than js.j_njobs
- - change compact_jobs_list to just call reap_dead_jobs and then
- realloc_jobs_list, simplifying it considerably
- - discard_pipeline now returns `int': the number of processes freed
- - slightly changed the logic deciding whether or not to call
- compact_jobs_list: now non-interactive shells will compact the
- list if it reaches MAX_JOBS_IN_ARRAY in size
-
-parse.y
- - move test for backslash-newline after pop_string in shell_getc so
- that things like
-
- ((echo 5) \
- (echo 6))
-
- work right
-
- 2/8
- ---
-jobs.h
- - new structs for holding status of exited background processes, as
- POSIX specifies
- - new job flag: J_ASYNC
-
-jobs.c
- - new functions to manipulate struct holding status of exited
- background processes
- - new members in struct jobstats to hold pointer to last created job
- and last created asynchronous job
- - initialize js.c_childmax in initialize_job_control
- - if the `async' arg to stop_pipeline is non-null, set the J_ASYNC
- flag in the job struct
- - set js.j_last_made_job and js.j_last_asynchronous_job in
- stop_pipeline
- - new function: find_last_proc, returns the PROCESS * to the last proc
- in a job's pipeline
- - changed find_last_pid to call find_last_proc
- - change delete_job to call bgp_add on the last proc of the job being
- deleted
- - change delete_all_jobs and wait_for_background_pids to call bgp_clear
-
- 2/9
- ---
-jobs.c
- - change wait_for_single_pid to look for pid in bgpids.list (using
- bgp_search()) if find_pipeline returns NULL
-
- 2/10
- ----
-support/shobj-conf
- - change the solaris-gcc stanza so that it auto-selects the appropriate
- options for ld depending on which `ld' gcc says it's going to run
-
- 2/11
- ----
-jobs.h
- - add support for PS_RECYCLED as a process state, add PRECYCLED macro
- to test it. Change PALIVE and PRUNNING macros to not count processes
- in PS_RECYCLED state
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - restore use of last_pid as sentinel value; use NO_PID as sentinel
- only if RECYCLES_PIDS is defined
-
-jobs.c
- - change find_job to return a pointer to the PROCESS the desired pid
- belongs to, analogous to find_pipeline returning pointer to JOB
- - change find_job callers to add extra argument
- - change running_only arguments to find_pipeline and find_job to
- alive_only, since we don't want recycled pids returned here and it
- better describes the result
- - new function find_process, calls find_pipeline and searches the
- returned pipeline for the PROCESS * describing the desired pid
- - in make_child, if fork() returns the same pid as the value of
- last_asynchronous_pid when RECYCLES_PIDS is defined, avoid pid
- aliasing by resetting last_asynchronous_pid to 1
- - use PRUNNING instead of child->running, since we, for the most
- part, don't want to consider recycled pids (e.g., in make_child())
- - call find_process instead of find_pipeline in waitchld()
- - use PEXITED(p) instead of testing p->running == PS_DONE
- - in make_child, call bgp_delete to remove a just-created pid from the
- last of saved pid statuses
- - in add_process, check whether or not pid being added is already in
- the_pipeline or the jobs list (using find_process) and mark it as
- recycled if so
- - This set of fixes mostly came from Pierre Humblet
- <pierre.humblet@ieee.org> to fix pid aliasing and reuse problems on
- cygwin
-
-variables.c
- - set $_ from the environment if we get it there, set to $0 by
- default if not in env
-
-doc/{bashref.texi,bash.1}
- - a couple of clarifying changes to the description of $_ based on
- comments from Glenn Morris <gmorris+mail@ast.cam.ac.uk>
-
- 2/15
- ----
-shell.c
- - use strstr instead of strmatch when checking whether $EMACS contains
- `term' -- simpler and faster
-
- 2/18
- ----
-builtins/cd.def
- - implement posix requirement that `pwd -P' set $PWD to a directory
- name containing no symlinks
- - add new function, setpwd(), just sets (and changes exported value)
- of PWD
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - add note to posix mode section about pwd -P setting $PWD
-
-doc{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - added note that BASH_ARGC and BASH_ARGV are only set in extended
- debug mode
- - expand description of extdebug option to include everything changed
- by extended debug mode
-
- 2/19
- ----
-pathexp.h
- - new flag macro, FNMATCH_IGNCASE, evaluates to FNM_CASEFOLD if the
- match_ignore_case variable is non-zero
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - new variable, match_ignore_case
- - change call to strmatch() in execute_case_command so it includes
- FNMATCH_IGNCASE
-
-test.c
- - change call to strmatch() in patcomp() so that pattern matching
- calls for [[ ... ]] obey the match_ignore_case variable
-
-lib/sh/shmatch.c
- - if match_ignore_case is set, enable REG_ICASE in the regexp match
- flags
-
-builtins/shopt.def
- - new settable option, `nocasematch', controls the match_ignore_case
- variable. Currently alters pattern matching for case and [[ ... ]]
- commands (==, !=, and =~ operators)
-
-doc/{bashref.texi,bash.1}
- - updated descriptions of [[ and case to include reference to
- nocasematch option
-
- 2/22
- ----
-builtins/mkbuiltins.c
- - add `times' to the list of posix special builtins
-
- 2/23
- ----
-builtins/cd.def
- - posix mode no longer turns on effect of -P option on $PWD if a
- directory is chosen from CDPATH
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - clarified that in posix mode, reserved words are not alias expanded
- only in a reserved word context
- - removed item about cd, $CDPATH, and -P from posix mode section
-
- 2/24
- ----
-builtins/reserved.def
- - minor cleanups to the description of `if'
-
- 3/2
- ---
-subst.c
- - change list_string and get_word_from_string to explicitly treat an
- IFS character that is not space, tab, or newline *and any adjacent
- IFS white space* as a single delimiter, as SUSv3/XPG6 says
-
-builtins/read.def
- - check whether or not the number of fields is exactly the same as
- the number of variables instead of just assigning the rest of the
- line (minus any trailing IFS white space) to the last variable.
- This parses a field and checks whether or not it consumes all of
- the input (including any trailing field delimiters), falling back
- to the previous behavior if it does not. This is what POSIX.2
- specifies, I believe (and the consensus of the austin-group list).
- This requires a few tests in read.tests to be changed: backslashes
- escaping IFS whitespace characters at the end of input cause the
- whitespace characters to be preserved in the value assigned to the
- variable, and the trailing non-whitespace field delimiter issue
-
- 3/7
- ---
-configure.in
- - add -D_POSIX_SOURCE to the LOCAL_CFLAGS for Interix
-
- 3/8
- ---
-bashline.c
- - make bash_directory_expansion a void function, since it doesn't have
- any return value
-
- 3/9
- ---
-builtins/read.def
- - when testing for a pipe, use `fd' instead of hard-coding 0, since we
- can read from other file descriptors now
-
-lib/sh/zread.c
- - in zsyncfd, only set lind and lused to 0 if the lseek succeeds.
- If the lseek fails, we might steal input from other programs, but
- a failed lseek won't cause us to erroneously discard input
-
- 3/11
- ----
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - don't allow parse_and_execute to short-circuit and call exec() if
- the command's return value is being inverted
-
- 3/15
- ----
-builtins/printf.def
- - new macro PC to call putchar and increment number of chars printed -
- fixes bug in computation of value for %n format char
- - `tw' is now a global var so printstr can modify it using PC()
- - convert PF macro to use asprintf into a local buffer
- Preparation for printf -v var
- - add code to add the text printed to a `variable buffer' if -v option
- supplied. The buffer grows as needed
- - printf now takes a `-v var' option to put the output into the variable
- VAR rather than sending it to stdout. It does not:
- print partial output on error (e.g., format string error)
- handle NULs in the variable value, as usual
-
- 3/16
- ----
-parse.y
- - fix bug in prompt string decoding that caused a core dump when PS1
- contained \W and PWD was unset (null pointer deref)
-
-builtins/printf.def
- - changed -v var behavior so it stores partial output into the named
- variable upon an error
-
- 3/24
- ----
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - bool_to_int now takes a `const char *' argument
-
-support/{printenv,recho,zecho}.c
- - include config.h
- - include "bashansi.h" for appropriate extern function declarations
-
-configure.in
- - on MacOS X 10.4, compensate for loader not allowing static library
- to override existing system dynamic library when compiling -dynamic
- (affects readline and history libraries); so use absolute pathname
- instead of -lreadline as library name
-
-lib/glob/{glob,sm_loop,smatch}.c
- - make sure to cast arguments to (char *) or (unsigned char *) as
- appropriate to avoid gcc4 warnings
-
-lib/glob/smatch.c
- - collsym (single-byte version) now takes a (CHAR *) first argument to
- match callers; cast argument to strncmp appropriately
-
-lib/sh/snprintf.c
- - fix ldfallback and dfallback to handle width and precision specs in
- the format passed to sprintf()
- - fix STAR_ARGS macro to deal with negative field widths and precisions
-
- 3/25
- ----
-builtins/printf.def
- - since a negative precision in a "x.x[fFgGeE]" format specifier should
- be allowed but treated as if the precision were missing, let it
- through
-
-lib/sh/snprintf.c
- - fix * code to deal with a negative precision by treating it as if
- the `.' and any digit string in the precision had not been specified
- - fix format parsing code to deal with a negative inline precision,
- e.g., "%4.-4f" by treating it as if the `'. and any digit string in
- the precision had not been specified
- - a `+' in a format specifier should only act as a flag if it comes
- before a `.' (otherwise it is ignored)
-
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - new function, rl_vi_rubout, to rl_rubout as rl_vi_delete is to
- rl_delete; saves deleted text for possible reinsertion as with any
- vi-mode `text modification' command (fixes problem with `X' reported
- by beat.wieland@gmx.ch)
-
-lib/readline/vi_keymap.c
- - bind `X' in vi command mode to rl_vi_rubout
-
-lib/readline/funmap.c
- - add a bindable `vi-rubout' command, runs rl_vi_rubout
-
-lib/readline/text.c
- - rewrote internals of _rl_rubout_char to make structure cleaner
-
-lib/readline/{complete,text}.c
- - changed code to remove #ifdef HANDLE_MULTIBYTE where possible
-
- 3/28
- ----
-lib/readline/examples/rl.c
- - include <sys/stat.h> instead of posixstat.h if READLINE_LIBRARY not
- defined
-
-subst.c
- - fix mbstrlen to treat invalid multibyte sequences as sequences of
- single-byte characters
-
- 4/8
- ---
-configure.in
- - default SIZE to `:' if cross-compiling and an appropriate size for
- the target is not found
-
- 4/11
- ----
-subst.c
- - change match_upattern and match_wpattern to check whether or not the
- supplied pattern matches anywhere in the supplied string, prefixing
- and appending the pattern with `*' if necessary. If it doesn't we
- can short-circuit immediately rather than waste time doing up to
- N-1 unsuccessful calls to strmatch/wcsmatch (which kills for long
- strings, even if the pattern is short)
-
- 4/12
- ----
-configure.in
- - make sure the special case for MacOS X 10.4 only kicks in if the
- `--with-installed-readline' option isn't supplied
-
-lib/readline/{callback,readline,signals}.c
- - make sure rl_prep_term_function and rl_deprep_term_function aren't
- dereferenced if NULL (as the documentation says)
-
-builtins/mkbuiltins.c
- - don't bother with the special HAVE_BCOPY code; just use straight
- assignments
-
-builtins/ulimit.def
- - use _POSIX_PIPE_BUF in pipesize() if it's defined and PIPE_BUF is
- not
-
- 4/13
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - add cm_function_def to the list of control structures for which
- child processes are forked when pipes come in or out
-
- 4/14
- ----
-builtins/read.def
- - make sure the ^As added for internal quoting are not counted as
- characters read when -n is supplied
-
- 4/20
- ----
-redir.c
- - fix redir_open so that the repeat open on failure that AFS support
- adds restores the correct value of errno for any error message
-
- 4/26
- ----
-
-Makefile.in
- - make sure mksignames and mksyntax are invoked with the $(EXEEXT)
- extension
-
- 4/28
- ----
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - new state variable: RL_STATE_CALLBACK, means readline is using the
- callback interface
-
-lib/readline/callback.c
- - set RL_STATE_CALLBACK in rl_callback_handler_install, unset in
- rl_callback_handler_remove
-
- 4/29
- ----
-config-top.h
- - DONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE is now on by default, since it apparently
- interferes with scripts
-
-configure.in
- - arrange things so PGRP_PIPE is defined on Linux-2.4+ and version 3
- kernels (ones that apparently schedule children to run before their
- parent)
-
- 4/30
- ----
-builtins/caller.def
- - add call to no_options, so it can handle `--' option
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - note explicitly that test, :, true, and false don't understand --
- as meaning the end of options
-
- 5/7
- ---
-support/shobj-conf
- - darwin 8 needs the same LDFLAGS setting as darwin 7
-
-parse.y
- - in save_parser_state, make sure we cast the return value from
- xmalloc() to the right type
- - remove casts to (char *) in calls to yyerror()
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - make SIGQUIT and SIGALRM code conditional on their definition
- - use raise() to send a signal if we don't have kill()
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - some MS-DOS and MINGW changes from the cygwin and mingw folks
-
-config.h.in
- - add HAVE_PWD_H for <pwd.h>
- - add HAVE_FCNTL, HAVE_KILL for respective system calls
- - add HAVE_GETPW{ENT,NAM,UID} for passwd functions
-
-configure.in
- - add check for <pwd.h>
- - add checks for fcntl, kill system calls
- - add checks for getpw{ent,nam,uid} C library functions
- - pass a flag indicating we're cross compiling through to
- CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD in Makefile.in
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - guard inclusion of <pwd.h> with HAVE_PWD_H
- - don't provide a missing declaration for getpwent if we don't have it
- - guard calls to {get,end}pwent with HAVE_GETPWENT
-
-lib/readline/shell.c
- - guard inclusion of <pwd.h> with HAVE_PWD_H
- - guard inclusion of <fcntl.h> with HAVE_FCNTL_H
- - don't provide a missing declaration for getpwuid if we don't have it
- - guard calls to getpwuid with HAVE_GETPWUID
- - don't bother with body of sh_unset_nodelay_mode if we don't have
- fcntl
-
-lib/tilde/tilde.c
- - guard inclusion of <pwd.h> with HAVE_PWD_H
- - guard calls to getpw{nam,uid} with HAVE_GETPW{NAM,UID}
- - guard calls to {get,end}pwent with HAVE_GETPWENT
-
-Makefile.in,builtins/Makefile.in
- - @CROSS_COMPILE@ is substituted into CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD (equal to
- -DCROSS_COMPILING if bash is being cross-compiled)
-
- 5/9
- ---
-aclocal.m4
- - print version as `0.0' in RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION if the
- `rl_gnu_readline_p' variable isn't 1 (accept no imitations)
-
- 5/11
- ----
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - definition of a readline `search context', to be use for incremental
- search initially and other types of search later. Original from
- Bob Rossi as part of work on incremental searching problems when
- using callback interface
-
-lib/readline/isearch.c
- - functions to allocate and free search contexts
- - function to take a search context and a character just read and
- `dispatch' on it: change search parameters, add to search string,
- search further, etc.
- - isearch is now completely context-driven: a search context is
- allocated and passed to the rest of the functions
-
- 5/12
- ----
-lib/readline/isearch.c
- - an additional `isearch cleanup' function that can be called from
- the callback interface functions when the search is to be terminated
- - an additional `isearch callback' function that can be called from
- rl_callback_read_char when input is available
- - short-circuit from rl_search_history after initialization if
- the callback interface is being used
-
-lib/readline/callback.c
- - in rl_callback_read_char(), if RL_STATE_ISEARCH is set, call
- _rl_isearch_callback to read the character and dispatch on it.
- If RL_STATE_ISEARCH is unset when that call returns, and there is
- input pending, call rl_callback_read_char() again so we don't
- have to wait for new input to pick it up
-
-support/shobj-conf,configure.in
- - add support for dragonfly bsd, the same as freebsd
-
- 5/13-5/15
- ---------
-lib/readline/callback.c
- - support for readline functions to `register' a function that will
- be called when more input is available, with a generic data
- structure to encapsulate the arguments and parameters. Primarily
- intended for functions that read a single additional character,
- like quoted-insert
- - support for callback code reading numeric arguments in a loop,
- using readline state and an auxiliary variable
- - support for callback code performing non-incremental searches using
- the same search context struct as the isearch code
-
-lib/readline/{callback,display}.c
- - if a callback function sets `_rl_redisplay_wanted', the redisplay
- function will be called as soon as it returns
-
-lib/readline/input.c
- - changes to _rl_read_mbchar to handle reading the null multibyte
- character and translating it into '\0'
-
-lib/readline/misc.c
- - break rl_digit_loop() into component functions that can be called
- individually from the callback code more easily
- - share some of the functions with rl_digit_loop1() in vi_mode.c
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - change the version #defines to reflect readline 5.1
-
-lib/readline/search.c
- - break code into smaller functions that can be composed to work with
- the callback code more easily
-
-lib/readline/text.c
- - in rl_quoted_insert(), don't mess around with the tty signals if
- running in `callback mode'
-
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - changed set-mark, goto-mark, change-char, and char-search to work
- when called by callback functions
-
- 5/17
- ----
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - new struct declaration for a `reading key sequence' context
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - new variable, _rl_dispatching_keymap, keeps track of which keymap
- we are currently searching
- - functions to allocate and deallocate contexts for reading multi-char
- key sequences
-
- 5/18
- ----
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - new struct defining a context for multiple-key key sequences (the
- base case is escape-prefixed commands)
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - change structure of _rl_dispatch_subseq to allow for callback code
- to use it - rudimentary support for supporting the existing
- recursion using a stack of contexts, each with a reference to the
- previous
- - fix so that ^G works when in callback mode
-
-lib/readline/callback.c
- - call the appropriate multiple-key sequence callback if the state is
- set
-
- 5/19
- ----
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - broke code from _readline_internal_char after call to rl_dispatch
- out into separate function: _rl_internal_char_cleanup, callable by
- other parts of the code
- - change _rl_internal_char_cleanup to unset _rl_want_redisplay after
- it calls (*rl_redisplay_func)
-
-lib/readline/callback.c
- - call _rl_internal_char_cleanup from rl_callback_read_char when
- appropriate
-
- 5/24
- ----
-lib/readline/callback.c
- - use _rl_dispatch_callback and a chain of _rl_keyseq_contexts to
- simulate the recursion used to decode multicharacter key sequences
- (even things like ESC- as meta-prefix)
- - call setjmp in rl_callback_read_char to give things like rl_abort
- a place to jump, since the saved location in readline() will not
- be valid
- - keep calling _rl_dispatch_callback from rl_callback_read_char while
- we are still decoding a multi-key key sequence
- - keep calling readline_internal_char from rl_callback_read_char while
- we are reading characters from a macro
-
-lib/readline/macro.c
- - use a slightly different strategy upon encountering the end of a macro
- when using the callback interface: when the last character of a
- macro is read, and we are reading a command, pop the macro off the
- stack immediately so the loop in rl_callback_read_char terminates
- when it should
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - if longjmp() is called and we end up at the saved location while
- using the callback interface, just return -- don't go back into a
- blocking read
- - new function to dispose a chain of rl_keyseq_cxts
- - only read new input in _rl_dispatch_callback if the KSEQ_DISPATCHED
- flag is not set in the current keyseq context -- if it is, we are
- traversing the chain back up and should use what we already saved
- - use -3 as a magic value from _rl_dispatch_subseq to indicate that
- we're allocating a new context and moving downward in the chain
- (a special return value for the benefit of _rl_dispatch_callback)
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - new extern declaration for _rl_keyseq_chain_dispose
-
- 6/1
- ---
-builtins/read.def
- - fixed a bug that occurred when reading a set number of chars and
- the nth char is a backslash (read one too many). Bug reported by
- Chris Morgan <chmorgan@gmail.com>
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - fix execute_builtin so the `unset' builtin also operates on the
- temporary environment in POSIX mode (as well as source and eval),
- so that unsetting variables in the temporary environment doesn't
- leave them set when unset completes. Report by Eric Blake
- <ebb9@byu.net>
-
-array.c
- - fix from William Park for array_rshift when shifting right on an
- empty array -- corrects calculation of array->max_index
-
-builtins/exec.def
- - if an exec fails and the execfail option is set, don't call
- restart_job_control unless the shell is interactive or job_control
- is set
-
-jobs.c
- - add a run-time check for WCONTINUED being defined in header files
- but rejected with EINVAL by waitpid(). Fix from Maciej Rozycki
- <macro@linux-mips.org>
-
- 6/20
- ----
-bashhist.c
- - make sure calls to sv_histchars are protected by #ifdef BANG_HISTORY
- - ditto for calls to history_expand_line_internal
-
- 6/23
- ----
-doc/bashref.texi
- - remove extra blank lines in @menu constructs
-
-variables.c
- - assign export_env to environ (extern char **) every time it changes
- (mostly in add_to_export_env define), so maybe getenv will work on
- systems that don't allow it to be replaced
-
- 6/29
- ----
-bashline.c
- - in bash_directory_completion_hook, be careful about not turning `/'
- into `//' and `//' into `///' for benefit of those systems that treat
- `//' as some sort of `network root'. Fix from Eric Blake
- <ebb9@byu.net>
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - in to_print, do the right thing after stripping the trailing slash
- from full_pathname: // doesn't turn into /, and /// doesn't become
- //. Fix from Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
-
- 6/30
- ----
-lib/malloc/trace.c
- - include <unistd.h> if it's available for a definition of size_t
-
-jobs.c
- - in wait_for, if a child process is marked as running but waitpid()
- returns -1/ECHILD (e.g., when the bash process is being traced by
- strace), make sure to increment c_reaped when marking the child as
- dead
- - in without_job_control, make sure to close the pgrp pipe after
- calling start_pipeline
-
- 7/1
- ---
-Makefile.in
- - only remove pathnames.h when the other files created by running
- configure are removed (e.g., Makefile). Fix from William Park
-
-lib/sh/shquote.c
- - since backslash-newline disappears when within double quotes, don't
- add a backslash in front of a newline in sh_double_quote. Problem
- reported by William Park
-
-jobs.c
- - in notify_of_job_status, don't print status messages about
- terminated background processes unless job control is active
-
-bashhist.c
- - new variable, hist_last_line_pushed, set to 0 in really_add_history
- (used by `history -s' code)
-
-bashhist.h
- - new extern declaration for history -s
-
-builtins/history.def
- - don't remove last history entry in push_history if it was added by
- a call to push_history -- use hist_last_line_pushed as a sentinel
- and set it after adding history entry. This allows multiple
- calls to history -s to work right: adding all lines to the history
- rather than deleting all but the last. Bug reported by Matthias
- Schniedermeyer <ms@citd.de>
- - pay attention to hist_last_line_pushed in expand_and_print_history()
- so we don't delete an entry pushed by history -s
-
- 7/4
- ---
-print_cmd.c
- - fix print_arith_for_command to not print so many blanks between
- expressions in ((...))
-
-command.h
- - new word flag: W_DQUOTE. Means word should be treated as if double
- quoted
-
-make_cmd.c
- - add W_DQUOTE to word flags in make_arith_for_expr
-
-parse.y
- - add W_DQUOTE to word flags for (( ... )) arithmetic commands
-
-subst.c
- - don't perform tilde expansion on a word with W_DQUOTE flag set
- - don't perform process substitution on a word with W_DQUOTE flag set
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - expand an array index within [...] the same way as an arithmetic
- expansion between (( ... ))
-
-lib/readline/input.c
- - use getch() instead of read() on mingw
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - add a few key bindings for the arrow keys on mingw
-
-lib/readline/rldefs.h
- - if on mingw, define NO_TTY_DRIVER
-
-lib/readline/rltty.c
- - compile in the stub functions for _rl_{disable,restore}_tty_signals
- if on mingw
- - compile in stub function for rl_restart_output on mingw
- - make sure enough functions and macros are defined to compile if
- NO_TTY_DRIVER is defined (lightly tested - builds on MacOS X, at
- least)
-
- 7/7
- ---
-command.h
- - add a `flags' member to the PATTERN_LIST structure
-
-make_cmd.c
- - intialize the `flags' member of a PATTERN_LIST when it's created
-
-builtins/psize.c
- - protect extern declaration of errno with usual #ifdef errno
-
-configure.in, variables.c
- - changes for QNX 6.x
-
- 7/9
- ---
-parse.y
- - fix parse_matched_pair to handle single and double quoted strings
- inside old-style command substitution (``) since they can each
- quote the ` and embedded $-expansions. Report by Eric Blake
- <ebb9@byu.net>
-
-{configure,Makefile}.in
- - TILDE_LIB is now substituted into Makefile by configure
-
-configure.in
- - if configuring --with-installed-readline on cygwin, set TILDE_LIB
- to the empty string to avoid multiply-defined symbols. Cygwin
- doesn't allow undefined symbols in dynamic libraries. Report by
- Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
-
- 7/11
- ----
-input.c
- - in duplicate_buffered_stream, don't call free_buffered_stream if the
- two buffered streams share the same b_buffer object (e.g., if they
- had already been duplicated with a previous call). Fixes Debian bug
- reported by eero17@bigfoot.com
-
- 7/12
- ----
-shell.c
- - make set_shell_name more resistant to a NULL argument
- - in bind_args, use < instead of != when counting the arguments and
- making the arg list
- - in main(), make sure arg_index is not initialized to a value greater
- than argc
-
- 7/14
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - in expand_prompt, don't set the location of the last invisible
- char if the sequence is zero length (\[\])
-
- 7/15
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document that the shell uses $TMPDIR when creating temporary files
-
- 7/20
- ----
-[bash-3.1-alpha1 frozen]
-
- 7/29
- ----
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - make sure that parse_and_execute saves and restores the value of
- loop_level, so loops in sourced scripts and eval'd strings don't
- mess up the shell's parser state
-
-bashline.c
- - change command_subst_completion_function to suppress appending
- any character to a unique completion, instead of a space, unless
- the last word in the quoted command substitution completes to a
- directory name. In that case we append the expected slash
-
- 8/1
- ---
-builtins/printf.def
- - make sure variables are initialized if their values are tested later
-
-[bash-3.1-alpha1 updated and re-frozen]
-
- 8/2
- ---
-variables.c
- - make sure to call stifle_history with an `int' instead of an intmax_t.
- Sometimes it makes a difference
-
- 8/3
- ---
-[bash-3.1-alpha1 released]
-
-support/mksignames.c
- - add `SIGSTKFLT' (RHE3)
- - add `SIGXRES' (Solaris 9)
-
- 8/4
- ---
-builtins/ulimit.def
- - fix typo to make `x' the right option for locks
- - add new options to short help synopsis
-
-variables.c
- - use get_variable_value instead of direct reference to value_cell
- in make_variable_value when appending to the current value, so
- references to array variables without subscripts will be equivalent
- to element 0
-
-lib/readline/text.c
- - rewrote rl_change_case to correctly change the case of multibyte
- characters where appropriate
-
- 8/5
- ---
-configure.in
- - remove call to obsolete macro AC_ACVERSION
- - remove special calls to AC_CYGWIN and AC_MINGW32; AC_CANONICAL_HOST
- takes care of those cases
-
-general.h
- - include `chartypes.h' for definition of ISALPHA
- - fix definitions of ABSPATH and RELPATH for cygwin
- - fix definition of ISDIRSEP for cygwin to allow backslash as a
- directory name separator
-
- 8/9
- ---
-builtins/setattr.def
- - when setting a variable from the temporary environment in
- set_var_attribute (e.g., `LC_ALL=C export LC_ALL'), make sure to
- call stupidly_hack_special_variables after binding the variable in
- the current context
-
-builtins/printf.def
- - make sure to call stupidly_hack_special_variables if using `printf -v'
- to put formatted output in a shell variable
-
- 8/11
- ----
-support/shobj-conf
- - new variable: SHLIB_LIBPREF, prefix for shared library name (defaults
- to `lib'
- - new variable: SHLIB_DLLVERSION, used on Cygwin to set the library
- version number
- - new variable: SHLIB_DOT, separator character between library name and
- suffix and version information (defaults to `.')
- - new stanza for cygwin to generate windows-compatible dll
-
- 8/14
- ----
-variables.c
- - new special variable function for Cygwin, so the export environment
- is remade when HOME is changed. The environment is the only way to
- get information from the shell to cygwin dlls, for instanace, when
- bash is compiled to use an already-installed libreadline
-
-variables.h
- - new extern declaration for sv_home
-
- 8/15
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - call init_line_structures from rl_redisplay if vis_lbreaks == 0
- to avoid consequences of a poorly-timed SIGWINCH
-
- 8/16
- ----
-subst.c
- - fix logic for performing tilde expansion when in posix mode (don't
- rely on W_TILDEEXP flag always being set, because it won't be when
- expanding the RHS of assignment statement). Use W_TILDEEXP only
- when deciding to expand a word marked as W_ASSIGNMENT that doesn't
- precede a command name
-
- 8/17
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - in execute_function, when subshell == 1, don't short-cut by using
- the command contained in the group command -- if you do, any
- redirections attached to the group command (function) don't get
- executed
-
-general.h
- - new #define, FS_READABLE, indicates file is readable by current
- user
-
-findcmd.c
- - rewrote file_status to use S_xxx POSIX file mode bits and to add
- support for FS_READABLE (affects ./source and searching $PATH for
- scripts whose names are supplied as arguments on the command line)
- - change find_path_file to look for readable files -- source requires
- it
- - change find_in_path_element to do the right thing when FS_READABLE
- is supplied as a flag
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - remove note about posix non-compliance in `.': we now require and
- look for readable files when searching $PATH
-
- 8/20
- ----
-subst.c
- - fix setifs to handle case where passed variable is non-zero but
- v->value == 0 (as in an unset local variable); treat IFS as unset
- in this case
-
-jobs.c
- - in kill_pid, if asked to killpg a process or pgrp whose pgrp is
- recorded as the same as the shell's, just call killpg and let the
- chips fall where they may -- there may be other processes in that
- pgrp that are not children of the shell, so killing each process
- in the pipeline will not do a complete job, and killpg'ing each
- such process will send too many signals in the majority of cases
-
-builtins/cd.def
- - in posix mode, pwd needs to check that the value it prints and `.'
- are the same file
-
-builtins/read.def
- - if reading input from stdin in a non-interactive shell and calling
- `read', call sync_buffered_stream to seek backward in the input
- stream if necessary (XXX - should we do this for all shell builtins?)
-
- 8/23
- ----
-builtins/cd.def
- - in posix mode, if canonicalization of the absolute pathname fails
- because the path length exceeds PATH_MAX, but the length of the passed
- (non-absolute) pathname does not, attempt the chdir, just as when
- not in posix mode
-
-builtins/type.def
- - don't have describe_command call sh_makepath if the full path found
- is already an absolute pathname (sh_makepath will stick $PWD onto the
- front of it)
-
- 8/24
- ----
-
-jobs.c
- - in posix mode, don't have start_job print out and indication of
- whether the job started by `bg' is the current or previous job
- - change start_job to return success if a job to be resumed in the
- background is already running. This means that bg won't fail when
- asked to bg a background job, as SUSv3/XPG6 requires
- - new function, init_job_stats, to zero out the global jobstats struct
-
-{jobs,nojobs}.c
- - change kill_pid to handle pids < -1 by killing process groups
-
-jobs.h
- - extern declaration for init_job_stats
-
-lib/readline/history.c
- - check whether or not the history list is null in remove_history
-
-builtins/history.def
- - delete_last_history is no longer static so fc builtin can use it
-
-builtins/fc.def
- - use free_history_entry in fc_replhist instead of freeing struct
- members individually
- - call delete_last_history from fc_replhist instead of using inline
- code
- - if editing (-l not specified), make sure the fc command that caused
- the editing is removed from the history list, as POSIX specifies
-
-builtins/kill.def
- - just call kill_pid with any pid argument and let it handle pids < -1
- This is the only way to let kill_pid know whether a negative pid or
- a job spec was supplied as an argument to kill
-
-builtins/fg_bg.def
- - force fg_bg to return EXECUTION_SUCCESS explicitly if called by bg
- and start_job returns successfully
- - bg now returns success only if all the specified jobs were resumed
- successfully
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - call init_job_stats from initialize_subshell to zero out the global
- job stats structure
-
- 8/25
- ----
-bashline.c
- - change vi_edit_and_execute_command to just call vi when in posix
- mode, instead of checking $FCEDIT and $EDITOR
-
-lib/readline/search.c
- - if in vi_mode, call rl_free_undo_list in make_history_line_current
- to dispose of undo list accumulated while reading the search string
- (if this isn't done, since vi mode leaves the current history
- position at the entry which matched the search, the call to
- rl_revert_line in rl_internal_teardown will mangle the matched
- history entry using a bogus rl_undo_list)
- - call rl_free_undo_list after reading a non-incremental search string
- into rl_line_buffer -- that undo list should be discarded
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - add UNDO_LIST * member to search context struct
-
-lib/readline/isearch.c
- - initialize UNDO_LIST *save_undo_list member of search context struct
-
- 8/27
- ----
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - change rl_parse_and_bind to strip whitespace from the end of a
- variable value assignment before calling rl_variable_bind
-
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{rluser.texi,readline.3}
- - clarified the language concerning parsing values for boolean
- variables in assignment statements
-
- 8/28
- ----
-lib/sh/pathphys.c
- - fix small memory leak in sh_realpath reported by Eric Blake
-
- 8/31
- ----
-doc/bashref.texi
- - add additional notes to posix mode section
-
- 9/3
- ---
-parse.y
- - if $'...' occurs within a ${...} parameter expansion within
- double quotes, don't single-quote the expanded result -- the double
- quotes will cause it to be expanded incorrectly
-
- 9/4
- ---
-builtins/fc.def
- - if STRICT_POSIX is defined, the posix mode default for the editor to
- use is $FCEDIT, then ed
-
-shell.c
- - if STRICT_POSIX is defined, initialize `posixly_correct' to 1
-
-config.h.in
- - add #undef STRICT_POSIX
-
- 9/5
- ---
-configure.in
- - add new option argument, --enable-strict-posix-default, configures
- bash to be posix-conformant (including defaulting echo to posix
- conformance) by default
-
-builtins/echo.def
- - if STRICT_POSIX is defined, default echo to xpg-style
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - describe the --enable-strict-posix-default option to configure
-
- 9/10
- ----
-builtins/mkbuiltins.c
- - change to not generate N_(""), because the translated empty string is
- special to GNU gettext
-
- 9/13
- ----
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - a negative value for rl_completion_query_items means to not ask
-
-lib/readline/doc/{{rltech,rluser}.texi,readline.3}
- - documented new semantics for rl_completion_query_items/
- completion-query-items
-
- 9/14
- ----
-bashline.c
- - bind M-TAB in emacs mode to dynamic-complete-history even if the
- current binding is `tab-insert' (which is what it is by default),
- not just if it's unbound
-
- 9/15
- ----
-eval.c
- - call QUIT before calling dispose_command on current_command after
- the `exec_done' label. If we dispose current_command first, the
- longjmp might restore the value of current_command after we've
- disposed it, and the subsequent call to dispose_command from the
- DISCARD case will free memory twice
-
- 9/16
- ----
-lib/sh/strto[iu]max.c
- - make sure the function being declared is not a cpp define before
- defining it -- should fix problems on HP-UX
-
- 9/19
- ----
-Makefile.in
- - make sure the binaries for the tests are at the front of $PATH
-
- 9/22
- ----
-parse.y
- - new flag for parse_matched_pair: P_COMMAND, indicating that the
- text being parsed is a command (`...`, $(...))
- - change calls to parse_matched_pair to include P_COMMAND where
- appropriate
- - if P_COMMAND flag is set and the text is unquoted, check for comments
- and don't try to parse embedded quoted strings if in a comment (still
- not exactly right yet)
-
- 9/24
- ----
-builtins/history.def
- - if running history -n, don't count these new lines as history lines
- for the current session if the `histappend' shell option is set.
- If we're just appending to the history file, the issue that caused
- history_lines_this_session to be recalculated doesn't apply -- the
- history file won't be missing any entries
-
-lib/readline/isearch.c
- - fix C-w handler for isearch string reader to handle multibyte chars
-
-lib/readline/rlmbutil.h
- - new defines for _rl_to_wupper and _rl_to_wlower
-
-lib/readline/text.c
- - use _rl_to_wupper and _rl_to_wlower as appropriate
-
- 9/26
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - in shell_execve, if the exec fails due to E2BIG or ENOMEM, just print
- the appropriate error message instead of checking out any interpreter
- specified with #!
-
- 9/30
- ----
-bashhist.c
- - make $HISTCMD available anytime remember_on_history is non-zero,
- which indicates that we're saving commands to the history, and
- let it evaluate to 1 if we're not
-
- 10/4
- ----
-lib/sh/snprintf.c
- - in floating(), make sure d != 0 before calling chkinfnan -- gcc on the
- version of Solaris 9 I have translates 0 to -inf on the call
-
-[bash-3.1-beta1 frozen]
-
- 10/6
- ----
-jobs.c
- - set the_pipeline to NULL right away in cleanup_the_pipeline, and
- dispose a copy of the pointer so we don't mess with the_pipeline
- while we're in the process of destroying it
- - block and unblock SIGCHLD around manipulating the_pipeline in
- cleanup_the_pipeline
-
- 10/7
- ----
-[bash-3.1-beta1 released]
-
-lib/readline/isearch.c
- - when switching directions, make sure we turn off the SF_REVERSE
- flag in the search context's flags word if we're going from reverse
- to forward i-search
-
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - new function, rl_variable_value, returns a string representing a
- bindable readline variable's value
- - new auxiliary function, _rl_get_string_variable_value, encapsulates
- everything needed to get a bindable string variable's value
- - rewrote rl_variable_dumper to use _rl_get_string_variable_value
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - new extern declaration for rl_variable_value
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - documented rl_variable_value
-
-bashline.c
- - in command_word_completion_function, if readline sets
- rl_completion_found_quote, but doesn't set rl_completion_quote_character,
- we have an embedded quoted string or backslash-escaped character in
- the passed text. We need to dequote that before calling
- filename_completion_function. So far, this is in place only for
- absolute program names (those containing a `/')
- - in command_word_completion_function, use rl_variable_value to decide
- whether or not we should ignore case, and use strncasecmp instead of
- strncmp where appropriate
-
- 10/11
- -----
-builtins/fc.def
- - fixed a typo when using POSIX_FC_EDIT_COMMAND
-
-redir.h
- - new flag values for redirections: RX_INTERNAL and RX_USER (currently
- unused)
-
-redir.c
- - add_undo_redirect and add_undo_close_redirect now set RX_INTERNAL
- flag when making new redirects
- - in do_redirection_internal, only set file descriptors > 2 to CLEXEC
- if they're marked as RX_INTERNAL
-
- 10/12
- -----
-jobs.c
- - in wait_for_single_pid, if in posix mode, remove the waited-for pid
- from the list of background pids, forgetting it entirely. POSIX
- conformance tests test for this.
-
-lib/readline/{readline.h,vi_mode.c}
- - new state flag, RL_STATE_VICMDONCE, set after entering vi command
- mode the first time; reset on each call to readline()
-
- 10/13
- -----
-lib/readline/undo.c
- - in rl_revert_line, make sure that revert-line in vi mode leaves
- rl_point set to 0 no matter the state of the line buffer
-
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - when entering vi_command mode for the first time, free any existing
- undo list so the previous insertions won't be undone by the `U'
- command. This is how POSIX.2 says `U' should work (and the test
- suite tests for it)
-
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - change rl_parse_and_bind so only `set' commands involving boolean
- readline variables have trailing whitespace stripped from the value
- string
-
- 10/16
- -----
-lib/glob/sm_loop.c
- - fix patscan() to correctly scan backslash-escaped characters
-
- 10/18
- -----
-lib/sh/{winsize.c,Makefile.in},{jobs,nojobs}.c,Makefile.in,externs.h
- - moved get_new_window_size from jobs.c/nojobs.c to new file,
- lib/sh/winsize.c, made function global
-
-{jobs,nojobs,sig}.c,{jobs,sig}.h
- - moved SIGWINCH handling code to sig.c rather than duplicate it in
- jobs.c and nojobs.c
- - call set_sigwinch_handler from sig.c code rather than job control
- signal initialization
-
-sig.[ch]
- - new variable, sigwinch_received, acts like interrupt_state for
- SIGWINCH, set by sigwinch_sighandler. sigwinch_sighandler no longer
- calls get_new_window_size
-
-parse.y
- - add call to get_new_window_size if sigwinch_received at top of
- shell_getc
-
- 10/19
- -----
-lib/malloc/malloc.c
- - to avoid orphaning memory on free if the right bucket is busy, use a
- new function xplit(mem, bucket) to split the block into two or more
- smaller ones and add those to the right bucket (appropriately marking
- it as busy)
- - audit bsplit(), bcoalesce(), and xsplit() for proper use of busy[],
- since they're dealing with two separate buckets
-
- 10/22
- -----
-subst.c
- - new flag for string_extract: EX_REQMATCH, means to return an error
- if a matching/closing character is not found before EOS
- - new static flag variables: extract_string_error and extract_string_fatal
- - change expand_word_internal to check for new error returns from
- string_extract and return errors if appropriate
-
- 10/23
- -----
-builtins/cd.def
- - make sure we free TDIR in change_to_directory after calling
- set_working_directory (which allocates new memory) and other places
- we short-circuit and return
-
- 10/24
- -----
-subst.c
- - modified fix from 10/22 to allow bare ` to pass through (for
- some backwards compatibility and more correctness)
-
- 10/27
- -----
-conftypes.h
- - make MacOS X use the RHAPSODY code that gets HOSTTYPE, et al.
- at build rather than configure time, to support universal binaries
- (fix from llattanzi@apple.com)
-
- 10/30
- -----
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - make sure we don't turn on CMD_NO_FORK in parse_and_execute if
- we're running a trap command on signal receipt or exit
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - in shell_execve, improve the error message a little bit if the
- interpreter name in a #! exec header ends with a ^M (as in a DOS-
- format file)
-
- 11/1
- ----
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - fix vi-mode `r' command to leave the cursor in the right place
-
-[bash-3.1-rc1 frozen]
-
- 11/5
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - make sure a DEBUG trap doesn't overwrite a command string passed to
- make_child in execute_simple_command
-
-bashline.c
- - rearrange some code in bash_quote_filename so filenames with leading
- tildes containing spaces aren't tilde-expanded before being
- returned to the caller
-
- 11/6
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - when deciding where to move the cursor in rl_redisplay and needing
- to move the cursor back after moving it vertically and compensate
- for invisible characters in the prompt string, make sure that
- _rl_last_c_pos is treated as an absolute cursor position in a
- multibyte locale and the wrap offset (number of invisible characters)
- is added explicitly when deciding how many characters to backspace
-
- 11/10
- -----
-lib/readline/terminal.c
- - _rl_set_screen_size now interprets a lines or columns argument < 0
- as an indication not to change the current value
-
- 11/11
- -----
-
-lib/readline/terminal.c
- - new function, rl_reset_screen_size, calls _rl_get_screen_size to
- reset readline's idea of the terminal size
- - don't call _rl_get_screen_size in _rl_init_terminal_io if both
- _rl_screenheight and _rl_screenwidth are > 0
- - don't initialize _rl_screenheight and _rl_screenwidth to 0 in
- _rl_init_terminal_io; let caller take care of it
- - set _rl_screenheight and _rl_screenwidth to 0 before calling
- _rl_init_terminal_io
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - new extern declaration for rl_reset_screen_size
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - documented rl_reset_screen_size
-
-variables.c
- - if readline is being used, compile in a special var function for
- assignments to LINES and COLUMNS that calls rl_set_screen_size or
- rl_reset_screen_size as appropriate. Only do this in posix mode
- and only when STRICT_POSIX is defined at compile time
- - new semaphore variable, winsize_assignment, set while doing an
- assignment to LINES or COLUMNS
- - new variable, winsize_assigned, says LINES or COLUMNS was assigned
- to or found in the environment
- - if in the middle of an assignment to LINES or COLUMNS, make
- sh_set_lines_and_columns a no-op
-
-lib/sh/winsize.c
- - get_new_window_size now takes two int * arguments, to return the
- screen dimensions
-
-externs.h
- - change extern declaration for get_new_window_size
-
-{jobs,nojobs}.c, parse.y
- - change callers of get_new_window_size
-
- 11/12
- -----
-lib/readline/terminal.c
- - new variable, rl_prefer_env_winsize, gives LINES and COLUMNS
- precedence over values from the kernel when computing window size
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - extern declaration for rl_prefer_env_winsize
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - document rl_prefer_env_winsize
-
- 11/13
- -----
-lib/readline/rltty.c
- - change rl_prep_terminal to make sure we set and reset the tty
- special characters in the vi insertion keymap if in vi mode. This
- matters if we get accept-line for the previous line while in vi
- command mode
-
- 11/14
- -----
-builtins/pushd.def
- - make sure any call to cd_builtin includes a leading `--' from the
- argument list (or constructs one)
-
- 11/16
- -----
-pcomplete.c
- - fix small memory leak in gen_wordlist_matches
-
-[bash-3.1-rc2 frozen]
-
- 11/21
- -----
-[bash-3.1-rc2 released]
-
- 11/23
- -----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - changes to rl_redisplay to compensate for update_line updating
- _rl_last_c_pos without taking invisible characters in the line into
- account. Important in multibyte locales where _rl_last_c_pos is an
- absolute cursor position
- - changes to _rl_move_cursor_relative to account for _rl_last_c_pos
- being an absolute cursor position in a multibyte character locale
- - rewrote _rl_move_cursor_relative to make it a little simpler
-
- 11/29
- -----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - changes to rl_redisplay and update_line for update_line to communicate
- upward that it took the number of invisible characters on the current
- line into account when modifying _rl_last_c_pos
- - in update_line, adjust _rl_last_c_pos by wrap_offset before calling
- _rl_move_cursor_relative, so we pass correct information about the
- true cursor position
-
- 12/1
- ----
-configure.in
- - changed release status to `release'
-
-[bash-3.1 frozen]
-
- 12/8
- ----
-[bash-3.1 released]
-
- 12/9
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,version.texi},lib/readline/doc/version.texi
- - remove `beta1' from man page footer and texinfo documents
-
-variables.c
- - make sure winsize_assignment is protected by #ifdef READLINE, so
- minimal shell will compile
-
-builtins/read.def
- - make sure error cases free memory and run any unwind-protects to
- avoid memory leaks
-
- 12/10
- -----
-execute_cmd.c
- - change execute_command_internal to set $PIPESTATUS for ((...)) and
- [[ ... ]] commands
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi,version.texi}
- - add documentation for ulimit -[iqx] and bump revision date
-
- 12/12
- -----
-parse.y
- - make sure parse_compound_assignment saves and restores the
- PST_ASSIGNOK parser state flag around its calls to read_token.
- Fixes bug reported by Mike Frysinger
-
- 12/13
- -----
-parse.y
- - change parse_compound_assignment to save and restore the value of
- last_read_token. Not sure why it was set unconditionally in the
- first place after parsing the complete compound assignment
-
- 12/14
- -----
-lib/readline/text.c
- - don't use return value of rl_kill_text (which always succeeds and
- returns the number of characters killed) in rl_delete as an indication
- of success or failure
- - ditto for return value of rl_delete_text
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - don't return the value of the called readline function as the return
- value from _rl_dispatch_subseq; -1 means something different to the
- callers (return 0 all the time to indicate that a readline function
- was found and dispatched). Fix from Andreas Schwab for <DEL><DEL>
- bug in callback interface first reported by Mike Frysinger
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - fixed a typo in execute_case_command
-
- 12/15
- -----
-aclocal.m4
- - add check for wctype() to BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE, define HAVE_WCTYPE
-
-config.h.in
- - add HAVE_WCTYPE #define
-
-config-bot.h
- - add HAVE_WCTYPE to the set of checks for HANDLE_MULTIBYTE. This
- should catch the deficient NetBSD multibyte support
-
- 12/16
- -----
-parse.y
- - use CTLESC instead of literal '\001' when decode_prompt_string
- prefixes RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE and RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE
-
- 12/20
- -----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - don't treat RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE specially inside a sequence of
- ignored characters
- - keep track of the start of the current sequence of ignored
- characters; make sure that an empty sequence of such characters
- really is an empty sequence, not one that happens to end with '\001'
- (RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE)
-
- 12/21
- -----
-subst.c
- - change expand_word_internal to process rest of `tilde-word' as a
- regular part of the word if tilde expansion leaves the tilde-word
- unchanged. This means that ~$USER expands to ~chet, which seems
- more intuitive, and is effectively what bash-3.0 did
-
- 12/23
- -----
-subst.c
- - when making a local array variable in do_compound_assignment, make
- sure that we don't use a variable of the same name from a previous
- context
-
-doc/bash.1
- - documented expansions for word and patterns in case statement
-
-builtins/ulimit.def,doc/{bashref.texi,bash.1}
- - added new -e and -r (nice and rtprio) options to ulimit; documented
- them
-
- 12/26
- -----
-variables.c
- - use `hmax' instead of `num' in sv_histsize to avoid integer overflow
- problems with intmax_t
-
-builtins/read.def
- - add unwind-protect to restore rl_attempted_completion_function in
- case of a timeout
-
-{bashline,variables}.c
- - move initialization of HISTSIZE from initialization path to
- load_history, so it can be overridden by a value assigned in a
- startup file
-
-lib/readline/misc.c
- - add a missing `return r' so that rl_digit_loop returns a meaningful
- value
-
-lib/readline/{bind,callback,display,isearch,rltty,search,text,vi_mode}.c
- - minor cleanups to satisfy compiler warnings, mostly removing unused
- variables
-
- 12/27
- -----
-support/Makefile.in
- - add LIBS_FOR_BUILD support; defaults to ${LIBS}
-
-Makefile.in
- - add LIBS_FOR_BUILD with no default value; use when linking programs
- using CC_FOR_BUILD (e.g., bashversion)
-
- 12/28
- -----
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - fix rl_translate_keyseq bad translation of \M-\C-x sequences
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - in execute_arith_command, if the expression expands to more than one
- word, make sure we join the words into a single string and pass the
- entire thing to evalexp()
-
-expr.c
- - new functions: _is_arithop(c), returns true if C is a valid single-
- character arithmetic operator; _is_multiop(c), returns true if C is
- a token corresponding to a valid multi-character arithmetic operator
- - if we encounter a character that isn't a valid arithmetic
- operator, throw an error. Try to be intelligent about what type of
- error message to print
-
-subst.c
- - new function, expand_arith_string, calls expand_string_if_necessary;
- used where an arithmetic expression needs to be expanded
-
-subst.h
- - new extern declaration for expand_arith_string
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - in array_expand_index, call expand_arith_string to expand the
- subscript in a fashion consistent with other arithmetic expressions
-
-subst.c
- - fix parameter_brace_patsub so that we don't try to anchor the pattern
- at the beginning or end of the string if we're doing global
- replacement -- that combination doesn't doesn't make sense, and
- the changed behavior is compatible with ksh93
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - changed description of pattern substitution to match the new
- semantics
-
-tests/new-exp.tests
- - change tests to remove all ${pat//#rep} and ${pat//%rep}
- expansions, since they don't mean the same thing anymore
-
- 12/29
- -----
-support/signames.c
- - new file, initialize_signames() function from old mksignames.c. This
- file builds the signal_names array
-
-support/mksignames.c
- - strip out initialize_signames(), move to signames.c. This file only
- writes signames.h
- - set up to only write a stub signames.h if CROSS_COMPILING is defined,
- with extern declaration for initialize_signames
- - if not cross compiling, #define initialize_signames to nothing
-
-Makefile.in
- - mksignames is now linked from mksignames.o and buildsignames.o
- - add rules to build signames.o, assuming we're building it as part
- of the shell (cross-compiling)
-
-trap.c
- - call initialize_signames from initialize_traps
-
-configure.in
- - set SIGNAMES_O to nothing (normal) or signames.o (cross-compiling),
- substitute into Makefile
- - don't set SIGNAMES_H if cross-compiling any more
-
- 12/30
- -----
-command.h
- - new word flag: W_NOPROCSUB, inhibits process substitution on a word
-
-subst.c
- - change expand_word_internal to suppress process substitution if the
- word has the W_NOPROCSUB flag
-
-shell.c
- - --wordexp turns on W_NOPROCSUB in addition to W_NOCOMSUB
-
-subst.c
- - change string_list_dollar_at and string_list_dollar_star so that
- MB_CUR_MAX is used to size an array only when using gcc, since gcc
- can handle non-constant array sizes using a mechanism like alloca.
- Other compilers, e.g. Sun's compiler, do not implement that
- extension
-
- 12/31
- -----
-builtins/mkbuiltins.c
- - when cross-compiling, don't include <config.h>, since it's for the
- target rather than the host system. Instead, choose a reasonable
- set of default #defines based on a minimal POSIX system
-
-jobs.c
- - change find_process to handle a NULL return value from find_pipeline
- - return immediately from delete_job if jobs[index] is already NULL or
- if it has a null pipeline associated with it
- - in delete_job, if find_last_proc returns NULL, don't try to call
- bgp_delete
-
- 1/7/2006
- --------
-doc/bash.1
- - patch from Tim Waugh to replace some literal single quotes with
- \(aq, the groff special character for it
-
-jobs.c
- - in realloc_jobs_list, make sure to zero out slots after j_lastj
- in the new list
-
- 1/9
- ---
-support/mksignames.c
- - make sure to include <signal.h> to get right value of NSIG from
- (usually) <sys/signal.h>
-
- 1/10
- ----
-parse.y
- - when calling parse_matched_pair on a $(...) command substitution,
- don't pass the P_DQUOTE flag so that single quotes don't get
- stripped from $'...' inside the command substitution. Bug report
- and fix from Mike Stroyan <mike.stroyan@hp.com>
-
-jobs.c
- - start maintaining true count of living children in js.c_living
- - call reset_current in realloc_jobs_list, since old values for current
- and previous job are most likely incorrect
- - don't allocate a new list in realloc_jobs_list if the old size and
- new size are the same; just compact the existing list
- - make sure realloc_jobs_list updates value of js.j_njobs
- - add some more itrace messages about non-null jobs after j_lastj in
- jobs array
-
- 1/11
- ----
-bashjmp.h
- - new value for second argument to longjmp: SIGEXIT. Reserved for
- future use
-
- 1/12
- ----
-jobs.c
- - add logic to make_child to figure out when pids wrap around
- - turn second argument to delete_job into flags word, added flag to
- prevent adding proc to bgpids list
-
- 1/13
- ----
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - move code that moves forward a character out of rl_vi_append_mode
- into a separate function, _rl_vi_append_forward
- - change _rl_vi_append_mode to save `a' as the last command, so it
- can be redone properly
- - new function _rl_vi_backup, moves point back a character taking
- multibyte locales into account
- - change rl_vi_redo to handle redoing an `a' command specially --
- it should be redone like `i' but after moving forward a character
- - change rl_vi_redo to use _rl_vi_backup to move point backward
- after redoing `i' or `a'
-
-jobs.c
- - new function, delete_old_job (pid), checks whether or not PID is in
- a job in the jobs list. If so, and the job is dead, it just removes
- the job from the list. If so, and the job is not dead, it zeros
- the pid in the appropriate PROCESS so pid aliasing doesn't occur
- - make_child calls delete_old_job to potentially remove an already-used
- instance of the pid just forked from the jobs list if pids have
- wrapped around. Finally fixes the bug reported by Tim Waugh
- <twaugh@redhat.com>
-
-trap.c
- - new define, GETORIGSIG(sig), gets the original handling for SIG and
- sets SIG_HARD_IGNORE if that handler is SIG_IGN
- - call GETORIGSIG from initialize_traps, get_original_signal, and
- set_signal
-
-jobs.c
- - in wait_for, if the original SIGINT handler is SIG_IGN, don't set
- the handler to wait_sigint_handler. This keeps scripts started in
- the background (and ignoring SIGINT) from dying due to SIGINT while
- they're waiting for a child to exit. Bug reported by Ingemar
- Nilsson <init@kth.se>
-
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - don't save text to buffer unless undo pointer points to a record of
- type UNDO_INSERT; zero it out instead. This fixes bug reported by
- Craig Turner <craig@synect.com> with redoing `ctd[ESC]' (empty
- insert after change to)
-
-shell.c
- - change set_shell_name so invocations like "-/bin/bash" are marked as
- login shells
-
-doc/bash.1
- - add note about destroying functions with `unset -f' to the section
- on shell functions
-
-lib/readline/terminal.c
- - if readline hasn't been initialized (_rl_term_autowrap == -1, the
- value it's now initialized with), call _rl_init_terminal_io from
- _rl_set_screen_size before deciding whether or not to decrement
- _rl_screenwidth. Fixes bug from Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
- 1/14
- ----
-lib/readline/input.c
- - allow rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout to set the timeout to 0, for
- applications that want to use select() like a poll without any
- waiting
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - documented valid values for timeout in rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout
-
-jobs.c
- - in stop_pipeline, don't have the parent shell call give_terminal_to
- if subshell_environment contains SUBSHELL_ASYNC (no background
- process should ever give the terminal to anything other than
- shell_pgrp)
- - in make_child, don't give the terminal away if subshell_environment
- contains SUBSHELL_ASYNC
-
- 1/15
- ----
-subst.c
- - in parameter_brace_expand, if extracting ${#varname}, only allow
- `}' to end the expansion, since none of the other expansions are
- valid. Fixes Debian bug reported by Jan Nordhorlz <jckn@gmx.net>
-
- 1/17
- ----
-parse.y
- - in parse_matched_pair, protect all character tests with the MBTEST
- macro
- - in parse_dparen, take out extra make_word after call to alloc_word_desc
- (mem leak)
-
- 1/18
- ----
-parse.y
- - in parse_matched_pair, add P_ALLOWESC to flags passed to recursive
- parse_matched_pair call when encountering a single or double quote
- inside a ``-style command substitution
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - add call to QUIT at beginning of execute_command_internal; better
- responsiveness to SIGINT
-
- 1/21
- ----
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - change rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map to honor the setting of
- convert-meta when listing key bindings, since if convert-meta is off,
- using '\M-' as the prefix for bindings in, for instance,
- emacs-escape-keymap, is wrong. This affects `bind -p' output
- - change rl_untranslate_keyseq to add '\e' instead of '\C-[' for
- ESC
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - add call to QUIT at end of execute_command
-
- 1/23
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - changed two places in update_line where a check of whether the cursor
- is before the last invisible character in the prompt string to
- differentiate between the multibyte character case (where
- _rl_last_c_pos is a physical cursor position) and the single-byte
- case (where it is a buffer index). This prevents many unnecessary
- \r-redraw the line sequences. Reported by Dan Jacobson.
-
- 1/24
- ----
-quit.h
- - wrap QUIT macro in do...while(0) like other compound statement
- macros
- - CHECK_TERMSIG define (placeholder for now); future use will be to
- handle any received signals that should cause the shell to
- terminate (e.g., SIGHUP)
-
-{input,jobs,nojobs}.c
- - add calls to CHECK_TERMSIG where appropriate (reading input and
- waiting for children)
- - include quit.h if necessary
-
- 1/25
- ----
-parse.y
- - undo change that makes `)' in a compound assignment delimit a token.
- It messes up arithmetic expressions in assignments to `let', among
- other things
-
-sig.h,{jobs,nojobs,sig,trap}.c,builtins/trap.def
- - rename termination_unwind_protect to termsig_sighandler
-
-sig.c
- - split termsig_sighandler into two functions: termsig_sighandler, which
- runs as a signal handler and sets a flag noting that a terminating
- signal was received, and termsig_handler, which runs when it is `safe'
- to handle the signal and exit
- - new terminate_immediately variable, similar to interrupt_immediately
- - termsig_sighandler calls termsig_handler immediately if
- terminate_immediately is non-zero
-
-quit.h
- - change CHECK_TERMSIG macro to check terminating_signal and call
- termsig_handler if it's non-zero
- - add same check of terminating_signal and call to termsig_handler to
- QUIT macro
-
-{jobs,nojobs}.c
- - change call to termsig_sighandler to call termsig_handler directly,
- as was intended
-
-parse.y,builtins/read.def
- - set terminate_immediately to non-zero value when reading interactive
- input, as is done with interrupt_immediately
-
- 1/26
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - reworded the POSIX standard references to remove mention of POSIX.2
- or 1003.2 -- it's all the 1003.1 standard now. Recommended by
- Arnold Robbins
-
- 1/27
- ----
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - move call to filename dequoting function into
- rl_filename_completion_function; call only if directory completion
- hook isn't set. This means that directory-completion-hook now needs
- to dequote the directory name. We don't want to dequote the directory
- name before calling the directory-completion-hook. Bug reported by
- Andrew Parker <andrewparker@bigfoot.com>
-
-bashline.c
- - add necessary directory name dequoting to bash_directory_expansion
- and bash_directory_completion_hook
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - add note to description of rl_directory_completion_hook that it
- needs to dequote the directory name even if no other expansions are
- performed
-
- 1/28
- ----
-braces.c
- - make sure that we skip over braces that don't start a valid matched
- brace expansion construct in brace_expand -- there might be a valid
- brace expansion after the unmatched `{' later in the string
- - brace_gobbler now checks that when looking for a `}' to end a brace
- expansion word, there is an unquoted `,' or `..' that's not inside
- another pair of braces. Fixes the a{b{c,d}e}f problem reported by
- Tim Waugh
-
-builtins/declare.def
- - when not in posix mode, and operating on shell functions, typeset
- and declare do not require their variable operands to be valid
- shell identifiers. The other `attribute' builtins work this way.
- Fixes inconsistency reported by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
-{configure,config.h}.in
- - add test for setregid, define HAVE_SETREGID and HAVE_DECL_SETREGID
- as appropriate
- - add test for eaccess, define HAVE_EACCESS if found
-
-lib/sh/eaccess.c
- - new file, with sh_stat and sh_eaccess functions, moved from test.c
- - renamed old sh_eaccess as sh_stataccess, since it uses the stat(2)
- information to determine file accessibility
- - new function, sh_euidaccess, to call when uid != euid or gid != egid;
- temporarily swaps uid/euid and gid/egid around call to access
- - rewrote sh_eaccess to call eaccess, access, sh_euidaccess or
- sh_stataccess as appropriate. access(2) will take into account
- things like ACLs, read-only file systems, file flags, and so on.
-
-lib/sh/Makefile.in,Makefile.in
- - add necessary entries for eaccess.[co]
-
-test.c
- - change calls to test_stat to call sh_stat
-
-{test,general}.c
- - change calls to test_eaccess to call sh_eaccess
-
-externs.h
- - new extern declaration for sh_eaccess
-
-test.[ch]
- - remove test_stat and test_eaccess
-
- 1/29
- ----
-braces.c
- - make change from 1/28 dependant on CSH_BRACE_COMPAT not being
- defined (since old bash behavior is what csh does, defining
- CSH_BRACE_COMPAT will produce old bash behavior)
-
- 1/30
- ----
-bashline.c
- - last argument of bash_default_completion is now a flags word:
- DEFCOMP_CMDPOS (in command position) is only current value
- - attempt_shell_completion now computes flags before calling
- bash_default_completion
- - if no_empty_command_completion is set, bash does not attempt command
- word completion even if not at the beginning of the line, as long
- as the word to be completed is empty and start == end (catches
- beginning of line and all whitespace preceding point)
-
- 2/4
- ---
-lib/readline/display.c
- - change _rl_make_prompt_for_search to use rl_prompt and append the
- search character to it, so the call to expand_prompt in rl_message
- will process the non-printing characters correctly. Bug reported
- by Mike Stroyan <mike.stroyan@hp.com>
-
- 2/5
- ---
-lib/readline/display.c
- - fix off-by-one error when comparing against PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX,
- which caused a prompt with invisible characters to be redrawn one
- extra time in a multibyte locale. Change from <= to < fixes
- multibyte locale, but I added 1 to single-byte definition of
- PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX (worth checking) to compensate. Bug reported
- by Egmont Koblinger <egmont@uhulinux.hu>
-
- 2/8
- ---
-lib/readline/terminal.c
- - call _emx_get_screensize with wr, wc like ioctl code for consistency
- - new function, _win_get_screensize, gets screen dimensions using
- standard Windows API for mingw32 (code from Denis Pilat)
- - call _win_get_screensize from _rl_get_screen_size on mingw32
-
-lib/readline/rlconf.h
- - define SYS_INPUTRC (/etc/inputrc) as system-wide default inputrc
- filename
-
-support/shobj-conf
- - changes to make loadable builtins work on MacOS X 10.[34]
-
-builtins/pushd.def
- - changes to make it work as a loadable builtin compiled with gcc4
-
- 2/9
- ---
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - add SYS_INPUTRC as last-ditch default (if DEFAULT_INPUTRC does not
- exist or can't be read) in rl_read_init_file
-
-lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
- - add description of /etc/inputrc as ultimate default startup file
-
- 2/10
- ----
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - fix problem with rl_function_of_keyseq that returns a non-keymap
- bound to a portion of the passed key sequence without processing
- the entire thing. We can bind maps with existing non-map
- functions using the ANYOTHERKEY binding code.
-
-variables.c
- - shells running in posix mode do not set $HOME, as POSIX apparently
- requires
-
- 2/15
- ----
-braces.c
- - mkseq() now takes the increment as an argument; changed callers
-
- 2/16
- ----
-builtins/hash.def
- - print `hash table empty' message to stdout instead of stderr
-
- 2/17
- ----
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - when resetting rl_prompt in rl_set_prompt, make sure rl_display_prompt
- is set when the function returns
-
- 2/18
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - further fixes to _rl_make_prompt_for_search from Eric Blake to deal
- with multiple calls to expand_prompt
-
- 2/21
- ----
-builtins/hash.def
- - don't print `hash table empty' message in posix mode
-
- 2/27
- ----
-lib/glob/sm_loop.c
- - change extmatch() to turn off FNM_PERIOD in flags passed to recursive
- calls to gmatch() when calling it with a substring after the start
- of the string it receives. Changed `+', `*', `?, `@', and `!' cases
- to do the right thing. Fixes bug reported by Benoit Vila
- <bvila@free.fr>
-
-braces.c
- - add QUIT; statements to mkseq to make large sequence generation
- interruptible
-
- 2/28
- ----
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - initialize nalloca in glob_vector
-
- 3/1
- ---
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - in glob_vector, when freeing up the linked list after some error,
- make sure to set `tmplink' to 0 if `firstlink' is set to 0, else we
- get multiple-free errors
-
- 3/5
- ---
-trap.c
- - inheritance of the DEBUG, RETURN, and ERR traps is now dependent
- only on the `functrace' and `errtrace' shell options, as the
- documentation says, rather than on whether or not the shell is in
- debugging mode. Reported by Philip Susi <psusi@cfl.rr.com>
-
-parse.y
- - in parse_matched_pair, don't recursively parse ${...} or other
- ${...} constructs inside ``
- - in parse_matched_pair, remove special code that recursively parses
- quoted strings inside `` constructs. For Bourne shell compatibility
-
- 3/6
- ---
-builtins/pushd.def
- - let get_directory_stack take take an `int flags' argument and convert
- $HOME to ~ if flags&1 is non-zero
-
-builtins/common.h
- - change extern declaration for get_directory_stack
-
-variables.c
- - call get_directory_stack with an arg of 0 to inhibit converting
- $HOME to ~ in the result. Fixes cd ${DIRSTACK[1]} problem
- reported by Len Lattanzi <llattanzi@apple.com> (cd fails because
- the tildes won't be expanded after variable expansion)
-
-jobs.c
- - changed hangup_all_jobs slightly so stopped jobs marked J_NOHUP
- won't get a SIGCONT
-
-general.c
- - changed check_binary_file() to check for a NUL byte instead of a
- non-printable character. Might at some point want to check
- entire (possibly multibyte) characters instead of just bytes. Hint
- from ksh via David Korn
-
- 3/7
- ---
-builtins/reserved.def
- - changed runs of spaces to tabs in variables help text to make
- indentation better when displayed
-
-builtins/mkbuiltins.c
- - changes to avoid the annoying extra space that keeps gettext from
- being passed an empty string
-
- 3/9
- ---
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - make sure globbing is interrupted if the shell receives a terminating
- signal
-
- 3/14
- ----
-lib/readline/search.c
- - call rl_message with format argument of "%" in _rl_nsearch_init
- to avoid `%' characters in the prompt string from being interpreted
- as format specifiers to vsnprintf/vsprintf
-
- 3/19
- ----
-parse.y, eval.c, input.h
- - change execute_prompt_command to execute_variable_command; takes the
- variable name as a new second argument
-
- 3/25
- ----
-bashline.c
- - command_word_completion_function keeps track of when it's searching
- $PATH and doesn't return directory names as matches in that case.
- Problem reported by Pascal Terjan <pterjan@mandriva.com>
- - command_word_completion_function returns what it's passed as a
- possible match if it's the name of a directory in the current
- directory (only non-absolute pathnames are so tested).
-
- 3/27
- ----
-subst.c
- - expand_arith_string takes a new argument: quoted. Either 0 (outside
- subst.c) or Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES (substitution functions); changed callers
-
-subst.h
- - changed extern declaration for expand_arith_string
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - changed call to expand_arith_string in array_expand_index
-
- 3/31
- ----
-lib/readline/histfile.c
- - change read_history_range to allow windows-like \r\n line endings
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - add new variable, line_number_for_err_trap, currently set but not
- used
-
- 4/2
- ---
-lib/sh/strtrans.c
- - add code to echo -e and echo with xpg_echo enabled to require
- a leading 0 to specify octal constants
-
- 4/3
- ---
-subst.c
- - slight change to wcsdup() replacement: use memcpy instead of wcscpy
-
-parse.y
- - before turning on W_COMPASSIGN, make sure the final character in the
- token is a `(' (avoids problems with things like a=(4*3)/2)
-
- 4/4
- ---
-lib/sh/snprintf.c
- - in number() and lnumber(), turn off PF_ZEROPAD if explicit precision
- supplied in format
- - change number() and lnumber() to correctly implement zero-padding
- specified by a non-zero `.precision' part of the format
-
-subst.c
- - new flag for extract_delimited_string: EX_COMMAND. For $(...), so
- we can do things like skip over delimiters in comments. Added to
- appropriate callers
- - changes to extract_delimited_string to skip over shell comments when
- extracting a command for $(...) (EX_COMMAND is contained in the
- flags argument)
-
- 4/5
- ---
-subst.c
- - first argument to skip_single_quoted is now a const char *
- - new function, chk_arithsub, checks for valid arithmetic expressions
- by balancing parentheses. Fix based on a patch from Len Lattanzi
-
- 4/6
- ---
-{configure,config.h}.in
- - add separate test for isnan in libc, instead of piggybacking on
- isinf-in-libc test
-
-lib/sh/snprintf.c
- - separate the isnan replacement function so it's guarded by its own
- HAVE_ISNAN_IN_LIBC define
-
-lib/sh/wcsdup.c
- - new file, contains replacement wcsdup library function from subst.c
- with change back to using wcscpy
-
-Makefile.in,lib/sh/Makefile.in
- - make sure wcsdup.c is compiled and linked in
-
-subst.c
- - wcsdup now found in libsh; removed static definition
-
- 4/10
- ----
-lib/readline/callback.c
- - loop over body of rl_callback_read_char as long as there is additional
- input rather than just calling readline_internal_char, which does
- not handle multi-character key sequences or escape-prefixed chars
-
-lib/readline/macro.c
- - make sure we turn off RL_STATE_MACROINPUT when the macro stack is
- empty if we are reading additional input with RL_STATE_MOREINPUT
-
-support/shobj-conf
- - Mac OS X no longer likes the `-bundle' option to gcc when creating a
- dynamic shared library
-
- 4/11
- ----
-lib/tilde/tilde.c
- - don't try to dereference user_entry if HAVE_GETPWENT isn't defined
-
-lib/readline/input.c
- - make sure chars_avail is not used without being assigned a value in
- rl_gather_tyi
- - use _kbhit() to check for available input on Windows consoles, in
- rl_gather_tyi and _rl_input_available
-
- 4/21
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - calculate (in expand_prompt) and keep track of length of local_prompt
- in local_prompt_len; use where appropriate
- - when using o_pos to check whether or not we need to adjust
- _rl_last_c_pos after calling update_line, assume that it's correct
- (a buffer index in non-multibyte locales and a cursor position in
- multibyte locales) and adjust with wrap_offset as appropriate
- - in update_line, set cpos_adjusted to 1 after calling
- _rl_move_cursor_relative to move to the end of the displayed prompt
- string
- - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, check that the multibyte display
- position is after the last invisible character in the prompt string
- before offsetting it by the number of invisible characters in the
- prompt (woff)
-
- 4/26
- ----
-lib/readline/doc/{rluser.texi,readline.3}
- - make sure to note that key bindings don't allow any whitespace
- between the key name or sequence to be bound and the colon
-
- 4/28
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - in update_line, make sure we compare _rl_last_c_pos as strictly less
- than PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX, since it's 0-based, to avoid multiple
- prompt redraws
-
- 5/4
- ---
-parse.y
- - in decode_prompt_string, only prefix the expansion of \[ or \]
- with CTLESC if the corresponding readline escape character is
- CTLESC (coincidentally the same as \[) or CTLNUL. Bug report sent
- by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> prompted the discovery
-
-aclocal.m4
- - slight change to test for /dev/fd to compensate for a linux
- failing; suggested by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
- 5/9
- ---
-arrayfunc.c
- - broke assign_array_var_from_string into two functions:
- expand_compound_array_assignment and assign_compound_array_list;
- assign_array_var_from_string just calls those functions now
-
-arrayfunc.h
- - new extern declarations for expand_compound_array_assignment and
- assign_compound_array_list
-
-subst.c
- - in do_compound_assignment, call expand_compound_array_assignment
- before creating the local variable so a previous inherited
- value can be used when expanding the rhs of the compound assignment
- statement
-
- 5/11
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - clarifed `trap' description to make it clear that trapped signals
- that are not set to SIG_IGN are reset when a subshell is created
-
- 5/18
- ----
-locale.c
- - change reset_locale_vars to call setlocale (LC_ALL, "") if LANG
- is unset or NULL
- - if LANG is unset or NULL, reset the export environment before
- calling setlocale in reset_locale_vars, and trust that it will
- change the environment setlocale() inspects
-
- 5/21
- ----
-lib/readline/history.c
- - new function, HIST_ENTRY *alloc_history_entry (char *string, char *ts);
- creates a new history entry with text STRING and timestamp TS (both
- of which may be NULL)
- - new function, HIST_ENTRY *copy_history_entry (HIST_ENTRY *hist),
- which copies the line and timestamp entries to new memory but just
- copies the data member, since that's an opaque pointer
- - new function, void replace_history_data (int which, histdata_t *old, histdata_t *new)
- which replaces the `data' member of specified history entries with
- NEW, as long as it is OLD. WHICH says which history entries to
- modify
- - add calls to replace_history_data in rl_free_undo_list and
- rl_do_undo
-
-lib/readline/undo.c
- - new function, alloc_undo_entry (enum undo_code what, int start, int end, char *text)
- takes care of allocating and populating a struct for an individual
- undo list entry
- - new function: _rl_copy_undo_entry(UNDO_LIST *entry)
- - new function: _rl_copy_undo_list(UNDO_LIST *head)
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - new extern declarations for _rl_copy_undo_{entry,list}
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - change execute_cond_node so that quoting the rhs of the =~
- operator forces string matching, like the == and != operators
-
- 5/23
- ----
-redir.c
- - add_undo_redirect now takes as an additional argument the type of
- redirection we're trying to undo
- - don't add a "preservation" redirection for fds > SHELL_FD_BASE if
- the redirection is closing the fd
-
- 5/24
- ----
-subst.c
- - make sure that parameter_brace_substring leaves this_command_name
- set to either NULL or its previous value after setting it so that
- arithmetic evaluation errors while expanding substring values
- contain meaningful information
-
- 6/9
- ---
-execute_cmd.c
- - make sure that SUBSHELL_ASYNC and SUBSHELL_PIPE are set as flag bits
- in subshell_environment, rather than setting only a single value
- - change execute_subshell_builtin_or_function to give the `return'
- builtin a place to longjmp to when executed in a subshell or pipeline
- (mostly as the last command in a pipeline). Bug reported by
- Oleg Verych <olecom@gmail.com>
- - in execute_simple_command, make sure to call execute_disk_command
- with the_printed_command_except_trap to keep DEBUG trap command
- strings from overwriting the command strings associated with jobs
- and printed in job control messages. Bug reported by Daniel Kahn
- Gillmor <dkg-debian.org@fifthhorseman.net>
-
-[bash-3.2-alpha frozen]
-
- 6/22
- ----
-syntax.h
- - add new CBLANK (for [:blank:] class) flag value for syntax table and
- shellblank(c) character test macro
-
-mksyntax.c
- - add support for setting CBLANK flag in the syntax table depending on
- whether or not isblank(x) returns true for character x
-
-locale.c
- - change locale_setblanks to set or unset CBLANK flag for each
- character when locale changes
-
-parse.y
- - change call to whitespace(c) in lexical analyzer (read_token()) to
- call shellblank(c) instead, so locale-specific blank characters are
- treated as white space. Fixes bug reported by Serge van deb Boom
- <svdb+bug-bash@stack.nl>
-
-print_cmd.c
- - when printing redirections, add a space between <, >, and <> and the
- following word, to avoid conflicts with process substitution. Bug
- reported by Ittay Dror <ittyad@qlusters.com>
-
- 6/26
- ----
-configure.in
- - set CROSS_COMPILE to the empty string by default, so we don't inherit
- a random value from the environment. Bug reported by
- Lee Revell <rlrevell@joe-job.com>
-
- 6/29
- ----
-lib/glob/xmbsrtowcs.c
- - make sure destp is non-null before assigning a 0 to *destp in
- xdupmbstowcs. Fix from Louiwa Salem <loulwas@us.ibm.com>
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - fix execute_in_subshell to make sure asynchronous isn't set to 0
- before subshell_environment is set appropriately and
- setup_async_signals is run. Based on report by Louiwa Salem
- <loulwas@us.ibm.com>
-
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - in rl_generic_bind(), make sure that the keys array is freed before
- an error return. Fix from Louiwa Salem <loulwas@us.ibm.com>
-
- 7/1
- ---
-builtins/read.def
- - make sure all editing code is protected with #ifdef READLINE, esp.
- unwind-protect that restores the default completion function
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - make sure to set local_prompt_len in rl_message() [in bash-3.2-alpha]
-
- 7/5
- ---
-builtins/printf.def
- - add more of echo's write error handling to printf. Suggested by
- martin.wilck@fujitsu-siemens.com
-
- 7/7
- ---
-lib/readline/display.c
- - save and restore local_prompt_len in rl_{save,restore}_prompt
- [in bash-3.2-alpha]
-
- 7/8
- ---
-[bash-3.2-alpha released]
-
- 7/9
- ---
-lib/readline/display.c
- - make sure that _rl_move_cursor_relative sets cpos_adjusted when it
- offsets `dpos' by wrap_offset in a multi-byte locale. Bug reported
- by Andreas Schwab and Egmont Koblinger
-
-subst.c
- - make sure that the call to mbstowcs in string_extract_verbatim is
- passed a string with enough space for the closing NUL. Reported
- by Andreas Schwab
-
- 7/18
- ----
-lib/readline/{display,terminal}.c
- - remove #ifdefs for HACK_TERMCAP_MOTION so we can use
- _rl_term_forward_char in the redisplay code unconditionally
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - new extern declaration for _rl_term_forward_char
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, use `dpos' instead of `new' when
- deciding whether or not a CR is faster than moving the cursor from
- its current position
- - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, we can use _rl_term_forward_char to
- move the cursor forward in a multibyte locale, if it's available.
- Since that function doesn't have a handle on where the cursor is in
- the display buffer, it has to output a cr and print all the data.
- Fixes rest of problem reported by Egmont Koblinger
- - change variable denoting the position of the cursor in the line buffer
- from c_pos (variable local to rl_redisplay) to cpos_buffer_position
- (variable local to file) for future use by other functions
-
- 7/25
- ----
-lib/malloc/{stats,table}.h
- - include <string.h> for prototypes for memset, strlen
-
-lib/termcap/{termcap,tparam}.c
- - include <string.h> and provide macro replacement for bcopy if
- necessary
-
- 7/27
- ----
-lib/readline/histexpand.c
- - add support for `<<<' here-string redirection operator to
- history_tokenize_word. Bug reported by agriffis@gentoo.org
-
-externs.h
- - don't add prototype for strerror() if HAVE_STRERROR defined
-
- 7/29
- ----
-subst.c
- - in list_string, use `string' instead of `s' -- s is not initialized
-
- 8/9
- ---
-subst.c
- - fix parameter_brace_expand to set W_HASQUOTEDNULL in the WORD_DESC it
- returns if the result of parameter_brace_substring is a quoted null
- ("\177"). Fixes bug reported by Igor Peshansky <pechtcha@cs.nyu.edu>
-
- 8/16
- ----
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - new #define, READERR, intended to be used to denote read/input errors
-
-lib/readline/input.c
- - in rl_getc, if read() returns an error other than EINTR (after the
- EWOULDBLOCK/EAGAIN cases are handled), return READERR rather than
- converting return value to EOF if readline is reading a top-level
- command (RL_STATE_READCMD)
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - if rl_read_key returns READERR to readline_internal_char[loop],
- abort as if it had read EOF on an empty line, without any conversion
- to newline, which would cause a partial line to be executed. This
- fixes the bug reported by Mathieu Bonnet <mathieu.bonnet@nalkym.org>
-
-aclocal.m4
- - when testing for validity of /dev/fd/3, use /dev/null instead of
- standard input, since the standard input fails with linux and `su'.
- Bug reported by Greg Shafer <gschafer@zip.com.au>
-
- 8/17
- ----
-Makefile.in
- - switch the TAGS and tags targets so TAGS is the output of `etags' and
- tags is the output of `ctags'. Suggested by Masatake YAMATO
-
- 8/25
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - change code to match documentation: set BASH_COMMAND (which takes its
- value from the_printed_command_except_trap) only when not running a
- trap. Rocky says the debugger is ok with this, and this is what his
- original diffs did
-
- 8/29
- ----
-variables.c
- - change set_if_not to create shell_variables if it is NULL, since
- -o invocation options can cause variables to be set before the
- environment is scanned
-
-[bash-3.2-beta frozen]
-
- 9/5
- ---
-[bash-3.2-beta released]
-
- 9/8
- ---
-variables.c
- - change dispose_used_env_vars to call maybe_make_export_env
- immediately if we're disposing a temporary environment, since
- `environ' points to the export environment and getenv() will use
- that on systems that don't allow getenv() to be replaced. This
- could cause the temporary environment to affect the shell. Bug
- reported by Vasco Pedro <vp@di.uevora.pt>
-
-builtins/echo.def,doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - clarify that `echo -e' and echo when the `xpg_echo' shell option is
- enabled require the \0 to precede any octal constant to be expanded.
- Reported by Vasco Pedro <vp@di.uevora.pt>
-
- 9/12
- ----
-builtins/printf.def
- - make sure `%q' format specifier outputs '' for empty string arguments
- Bug reported by Egmont Koblinger <egmont@uhulinux.hu>
-
-make_cmd.c
- - change make_here_document to echo lines in here-doc if set -v has
- been executed. Reported by Eduardo Ochs <eduardoochs@gmail.com>
-
-aclocal.m4
- - change BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE:
- o replace check for wctomb with check for wcrtomb
- o add checks for wcscoll, iswctype, iswupper, iswlower,
- towupper, towlower
- o add call to AC_FUNC_MBRTOWC to check for mbrtowc and mbstate_t
- define HAVE_MBSTATE_T manually
- o add checks for wchar_t, wctype_t, wint_t
-
-config.h.in
- - add defines for wcscoll, iswctype, iswupper, iswlower, towupper,
- towlower functions
- - replace define for wctomb with one for wcrtomb
- - add defines for wchar_t, wint_t, wctype_t types
-
-config-bot.h, lib/readline/rlmbutil.h
- - add check for HAVE_LOCALE_H before defining HANDLE_MULTIBYTE
- - add checks for: ISWCTYPE, ISWLOWER, ISWUPPER, TOWLOWER, TOWUPPER
- - add checks for: WCTYPE_T, WCHAR_T, WCTYPE_T
-
- 9/13
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - when displaying prompts longer than the screenwidth in rl_redisplay,
- and looking for the index of the last character whose buffer index
- is <= the screen width to set up the inv_lbreaks array, make sure to
- catch the case where the index == the screen width (an off-by-one
- error occurs otherwise with prompts one character longer than the
- screen width). Bug reported by Alexey Toptygin <alexeyt@freeshell.org>
-
-configure.in
- - change DEBUGGER_START_FILE to start with ${ac_default_prefix}/share,
- like bashdb installs itself. Reported by Nick Brown
- <nickbroon@blueyonder.co.uk>
-
- 9/14
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - make multibyte code that computes the buffer indices of line breaks
- for a multi-line prompt dependent on MB_CUR_MAX, so we don't take
- the function call hit unless we're in a locale that can have
- multibyte characters
-
- 9/19
- ----
-subst.c
- - make dequote_list extern so other parts of the shell can use it
-
-subst.h
- - extern declaration for dequote_list
-
-builtins/read.def
- - call dequote_list before assigning words read to array variable if
- we saw an escape character. Old code left spurious CTLESCs in the
- string after processing backslashes. Bug reported by Daniel Dawson
- <ddawson@icehouse.net>
-
- 9/21
- ----
-[bash-3.2 frozen]
-
- 10/9
- ----
-support/shobj-coonf
- - change -fpic to -fPIC for FreeBSD systems (needed for SPARC at least)
-
- 10/11
- -----
-[bash-3.2 released]
-
- 10/12
- -----
-parse.y
- - change parse_matched_pair to make sure `` command substitution does
- not check for shell comments while parsing. Bug reported against
- bash-3.2 by Greg Schaefer <gschafer@zip.com.au>
-
- 10/14
- -----
-parse.y
- - add new parser_state flag: PST_REGEXP; means we are parsing a
- regular expression following the =~ conditional operator
- - cond_node sets PST_REGEXP after reading the `=~' operator
- - change read_token to call read_token_word immediately if the
- PST_REGEXP bit is set in parser_state
- - change read_token_word to skip over `(' and `|' if PST_REGEXP is
- set, since those characters are legitimate regexp chars (but still
- parse matched pairs of parens)
-
- 10/16
- -----
-builtins/ulimit.def
- - add -e and -r to $SHORT_DOC usage string
-
-po/ru.po
- - fix encoding; Russian text in the file is actually encoded in KOI8-R
-
- 10/23
- -----
-shell.c
- - make sure that the call to move_to_high_fd in open_shell_script
- passes 1 for the `check_new' parameter so open high file descriptors
- don't get closed and reused. Bug reported by Mike Stroyan
- <mike.stroyan@hp.com>
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - fixes for typos and misspellings sent in by Brian Gough
-
- 10/24
- -----
-support/shobj-conf
- - make netbsd shared library creation like openbsd's until I hear
- differently (called using `gcc -shared')
-
- 10/26
- -----
-subst.c
- - fix bug in parameter_brace_patsub so if the first character of the
- expanded pattern is a `/', it is not taken as a global replacement
- specifier. Bug reported on forums.nekochan.net
-
- 10/27
- -----
-builtins/printf.def
- - if we need an extern declaration for asprintf, make sure we include
- stdarg.h or varargs.h, whichever is appropriate
- - if we do not have asprintf, add an extern declaration using
- stdarg format. This fixes the bugs with %G on IRIX reported by
- Matthew Woehlke <mwoehlke@tibco.com> and Stuart Shelton
- <srcshelton@gmail.com>
-
-
-lib/sh/snprintf.c
- - add note to not call log_10 with 0 argument -- we don't want to do
- what real log10 does (-infinity/raise divide-by-zero exception)
- - make sure numtoa (used by dtoa) takes the precision into account
- when computing the fractional part with an argument of `0.0'
- - make sure `g' and `G' formats don't print radix char if there are
- no characters to be printed after it (change to floating())
- - change callers of log_10 (exponent, 'g' and 'G' cases in
- vsnprintf_internal) to not call it with 0 for argument. This fixes
- the hang reported on IRIX by Matthew Woehlke <mwoehlke@tibco.com>
- and Stuart Shelton <mwoehlke@tibco.com>
-
- 10/28
- -----
-builtins/{caller,pushd}.def
- - changed longdoc strings in loadable builtin section to be single
- strings, as put in the build directory builtins.c file, to aid
- translators
-
- 11/1
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - reset subshell_environment to 0 after make_child() call in
- execute_null_command. Fix provided by Roy Marples
- <uberlord@gentoo.org>
-
- 11/7
- ----
-lib/tilde/tilde.c
-lib/readline/{util,undo,callback,input,isearch,kill}.c
- - make sure that memory allocated with xmalloc is freed with xfree
-
- 11/9
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - make sure that _rl_redisplay_after_sigwinch clears the last displayed
- line instead of the current line (instead of assuming that the
- cursor is on the last line). Fixes bug reported by Egmont
- Koblinger <egmont@uhulinux.hu>
-
- 11/10
- -----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - make sure that _rl_col_width is never called with MB_CUR_MAX == 1,
- since it doesn't count invisible characters and they are not
- compensated for. Added a warning in _rl_col_width if called when
- MB_CUR_MAX == 1. Bug reported and solution suggested by Eric
- Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
-
- 11/11
- -----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - make sure _rl_wrapped_line is initialized to inv_lbsize int chars.
- inv_lbsize and vis_lbsize are the same at that point, but it makes
- the intent clearer. Fix from jan.kratochvil@redhat.com.
- - in rl_redisplay, make sure we call memset on _rl_wrapped_line with
- its full initialized size: inv_lbsize*sizeof(int). Fix from
- jan.kratochvil@redhat.com.
- - wrap the invisible and visible line variables and _rl_wrapped_line
- into line_state structures, which can be swapped more efficiently.
- Have to watch the wrapped_line field, since there's now one for
- each struct. Changes from jan.kratochvil@redhat.com.
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - in stat_char, check for `//server' on cygwin and return `/', since
- it will always behave as a directory. Fix from Eric Blake
-
-lib/readline/histfile.c
- - Cygwin's mmap() works in recent versions, so don't #undef HAVE_MMAP.
- Recommendation from Eric Blake
-
-lib/readline/rlwinsize.h
- - make sure tcflow() is defined on SCO Unix. Fix from William Bader
-
-aclocal.m4
- - add check for localeconv to AM_INTL_SUBDIR macro
-
-config.h.in
- - add HAVE_LOCALECONV
-
-lib/sh/snprintf.c
- - add check for HAVE_LOCALECONV for GETLOCALEDATA macro
-
-general.[ch]
- - first argument to legal_number is now `const char *'
-
- 11/14
- -----
-lib/readline/{readline,rlprivate}.h
- - move rl_display_prompt declaration from rlprivate.h to readline.h
-
-lib/readline/util.h
- - new function: rl_free(void *mem), for use by users of readline dlls
- on Windows
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - new extern declaration for rl_free
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - document rl_free and rl_display_prompt for use by application writers
-
- 11/15
- -----
-aclocal.m4
- - change tests for /dev/fd and /dev/stdin to use constructs of the form
- (exec test ... ) instead of test ... to avoid bash's /dev/fd and
- /dev/stdin emulation
-
- 11/16
- -----
-jobs.c
- - in delete_job, reset_current was being called before the job slot
- was cleared -- moved after job_slots[job] was set to NULL. Fixes
- bug reported by Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org>
-
- 11/19
- -----
-findcmd.c
- - when the checkhash option is set, fix the check for the hashed
- pathname being an existing executable file. Old code required a
- hash table deletion and re-addition. Bug reported by Linda
- Walsh <bash@tlinx.org>
-
- 11/21
- -----
-subst.c
- - in pos_params, handle case of `start' == 0 by making the list of
- positional parameters begin with $0
- - in parameter_brace_substring, increment `len' if start == 0, sicne
- we will be adding $0 to the beginning of the list when we process it
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new behavior of `0' offset when using substring expansion
- with the positional parameters
-
-support/shobj-conf
- - changes to shared object creation for loadable builtins on Mac OS X
- 10.4 to use libtool instead of ld by specifying -dynamiclib
- argument and changing options to be appropriate for libtool. This
- winds up creating a dynamic shared library instead of an executable
-
- 11/24
- -----
-{jobs,nojobs}.c
- - don't set last_asynchronous_pid to the child's pid in the child
- for asynchronous jobs (for compatibility -- all other posix shells
- seem to do it this way). This means that (echo $! )& echo $! should
- display two different pids. Fix from discussion on the
- austin-group-l list
-
-builtins/mkbuiltins.c
- - change builtins.c file generation so short doc strings are marked for
- gettext and available for subsequent translation. Suggestion by
- Benno Schulenberg <bensberg@justemail.net>
-
-builtins/{bind,cd,hash,inlib,printf,pushd,test,times,ulimit}.def
-lib/malloc/malloc.c
-{shell,subst}.c
- - fix a few strings that were not marked as translatable. Fix from
- Benno Schulenberg <bensberg@justemail.net>
-
-lib/readline/misc.c
- - new function, _rl_revert_all_lines(void). Goes through history,
- reverting all entries to their initial state by undoing any undo
- lists.
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - extern declaration for _rl_revert_all_lines
-
-rldefs.h
- - add #undef HAVE_STRCOLL if STRCOLL_BROKEN is defined, prep to move
- from config.h.in. Problem reported by Valerly Ushakov
- <uwe@ptc.spbu.ru>
-
- 11/25
- -----
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - call _rl_revert_all_lines from readline_internal_teardown if the
- variable _rl_revert_all_at_newline is non-zero
- - declare _rl_revert_all_lines initially 0
-
- 11/27
- -----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - make sure to be explicit that `typeset +r' cannot remove the readonly
- attribute from a variable
-
- 11/28
- -----
-lib/sh/zmapfd.c
- - new file, implements zmapfd(), which takes a file and returns its
- contents in a string
-
-externs.h
- - extern declaration for zmapfd
-
- 11/29
- -----
-builtins/evalfile.c
- - in _evalfile, use zmapfd to read the contents of the file into a
- string, rather than using the size reported by stat and reading that
- many characters, if the file is not a regular file (for things like
- named pipes, stat reports the size as 0)
-
- 12/3
- ----
-lib/sh/snprintf.c
- - make sure number() sets the FL_UNSIGNED flag for %x and %X, so
- fmtulong treats them as unsigned numbers. Fixes bug reported by
- James Botte <James.M.Botte@lowes.com>
-
- 12/13
- -----
-lib/readline/util.c
- - new function, _rl_ttymsg, for internal warning messages -- does
- redisplay after printing message
- - new function, _rl_errmsg, for internal warning/error messages --
- does not do redisplay after printing message
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - new extern declaration for _rl_ttymsg, _rl_errmsg
-
-lib/readline/{bind,callback,complete,display,rltty}.c
- - use _rl_ttymsg/_rl_errmsg instead of direct writes to stderr
-
-lib/sh/tmpfile.c
- - in get_tmpdir(), make sure that $TMPDIR names a writable directory;
- otherwise skip it. This catches names longer than PATH_MAX, but in
- case it doesn't test that the length does not exceed PATH_MAX. Fixes
- heap overrun bug reported by Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
-
- 12/16
- -----
-builtin/{set,declare,shopt,trap,wait,bind,complete,enable,fc,history,read,setattr}.def
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - improvements and clarifications to the help text associated with
- several builtins, in some cases bringing them into line with the
- man page text. From Benno Schulenberg <bensberg@justemail.net>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - add `E' and `T' to the synopsis of the set builtin.
- From Benno Schulenberg <bensberg@justemail.net>
-
-builtins/{break,exit,fg_bg,hash,jobs,type,ulimit}.def
-builtins/{common,evalfile}.c
-{error,expr,jobs,mksyntax,nojobs,shell,subst,version,siglist}.c
- - add gettextizing marks to untranslated strings
- From Benno Schulenberg <bensberg@justemail.net>
-
- 12/19
- -----
-builtins/common.c
- - change display_signal_list (used by `trap -l' and `kill -l') to use
- five columns instead of 4 to display signal names
-
-builtins/help.def
- - use the true terminal width instead of assuming 80 when displaying
- help topics, leaving two characters of whitespace between horizontal
- descriptions instead of 1
- - change to print in columns with entries sorted down rather than across
- (that is, like `ls' rather than `ls -x'). Change inspired by Benno
- Schulenberg <bensberg@justemail.net>
-
-jobs.h
- - give values to the JOB_STATE enumerations so they can be used as
- bitmasks, too
-
- 12/22
- -----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - change description of `set' to make it clearer that you can use
- `+' to turn off options
- - clarify in the description of word splitting that sequences of
- IFS whitespace at the beginning or end of the string are ignored
-
- 12/26
- -----
-doc/bashref.texi
- - move `shopt' builtin to its own section; change internal references
- from `Bash Builtins' to the new shopt builtin
- - new section for builtins that modify shell behavior in `Shell
- Builtin Commands'; move set and shopt to new section. Changes
- inspired by Benno Schulenberg <bensberg@justemail.net>
-
-{redir,subst}.c
- - add MT_USETMPDIR flag to calls to sh_mktmpfd and sh_mktmpname. Bug
- reported by Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
-
-{configure,Makefile}.in
- - changes so that the pathname for DEBUGGER_START_FILE is substituted
- into pathnames.h at make time (allowing more flexibility in setting
- `prefix' or `datadir') instead of at configure time. Suggested by
- Nick Brown <nickbroon@blueyonder.co.uk>
-
-shell.c
- - declaration for have_devfd; initialized from HAVE_DEV_FD
- - declaration for check_jobs_at_exit; initialized to 0
- - declaration for autocd; initialized to 0
-
-variables.c
- - new dynamic variable, BASHPID, always set from return value from
- getpid() (changes even when $$ doesn't change). Idea from Bruce
- Korb <bruce.corb@3pardata.com>
-
-builtins/exit.def
- - if check_jobs_at_exit is non-zero, list jobs if there are any stopped
- or running background jobs; don't exit shell if any running jobs
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - in execute_simple_command, if the first word of a simple command is
- a directory name (after looking for builtins, so `.' isn't caught)
- that isn't found in $PATH, and `autocd' is non-zero, prefix a "cd"
- to the command words
-
-builtins/shopt.def
- - new `checkjobs' option, changes value of check_jobs_at_exit
- - new `autocd' option, changes value of autocd
-
-pcomplete.c
- - add COMP_TYPE, set to rl_completion_type, to list of variables set
- by bind_compfunc_variables and unset by unbind_compfunc_variables
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document BASHPID
- - document new shopt `checkjobs' option
- - document new shopt `autocd' option
- - document COMP_TYPE completion variable
-
- 12/29
- -----
-aclocal.m4
- - in BASH_SYS_SIGLIST, check HAVE_DECL_SYS_SIGLIST instead of the
- obsolete and no-longer-supported SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED
-
- 12/30
- -----
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - add ` (backquote) to the list of vi motion characters
- - in rl_vi_delete_to, rl_vi_change_to, and rl_vi_yank_to, don't delete
- character under the cursor if the motion command moves the cursor
- backward, so add F and T to the commands that don't cause the
- mark to be adjusted
- - add ` to the characters that don't cause the mark to be adjusted
- when used as a motion command, since it's defined to behave that way
- - when a motion character that may adjust the mark moves point
- backward, don't adjust the mark so the character under the cursor
- isn't deleted
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - add variable rl_sort_completion_matches; allows application to
- inhibit match list sorting
- - add variable rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to
- discover the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - extern declarations for rl_completion_invoking_key and
- rl_sort_completion_matches
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - documented rl_completion_invoking_key and rl_sort_completion_matches
-
-pcomplete.c
- - export variable COMP_KEY to completion functions; initialized from
- rl_completion_invoking_key; unset along with rest of completion
- variables
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi},lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
- - document COMP_KEY
-
-[many files]
- - changes to make variables and function parameters `const' for better
- text sharing. Changes originally from Andreas Mohr
- <andi@rhlx01.fht-esslingen.de>
-
- 1/4/2007
- --------
-lib/intl/Makefile.in
- - use cmp before copying libgnuintl.h to libintl.h -- maybe save a few
- rebuilds
-
-lib/builtins/Makefile
- - fixes to build LIBINTL_H if necessary, dependency on this for
- mkbuiltins.o prevented `make -j 6' from working correctly
-
- 1/8
- ---
-subst.c
- - new function, fifos_pending(), returns the count of FIFOs in
- fifo_list (process substitution)
-
-subst.h
- - extern declaration for fifos_pending()
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - in execute_simple_command, if CMD_NO_FORK is set before we call
- execute_disk_command, make sure there are no FIFOs in the expanded
- words (from process substitution) and turn off CMD_NO_FORK if there
- are, so they can get unlinked when the command finishes
-
- 1/10
- ----
-subst.c
- - read_comsub now takes a flags parameter and returns appropriate W_*
- flags in it
- - command_substitute now returns a WORD_DESC *, with the string it used
- to return as the `word' and `flags' filled in appropriately
-
-subst.h
- - changed extern declaration for command_substitute
-
-{pcomplete,subst}.c
- - changed callers of command_substitute appropriately
-
-subst.c
- - string_extract_verbatim now takes an additional int flags argument;
- changed callers
-
- 1/11
- ----
-support/texi2html
- - fix problem that caused index links to not be generated if the first
- index node had a name different than the node name
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - encapsulated all indexes into a single `Indexes' appendix; works
- around bug fixed in texi2html
-
- 1/12
- ----
-subst.c
- - add call to sv_histtimefmt in initialize_variables so HISTTIMEFORMAT
- from the environment is honored. Fix from Ark Submedes (heh)
- <archimerged@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/histfile.c
- - make sure that the first character following the history comment
- character at the beginning of a line is a digit before interpreting
- it as a timestamp for the previous line
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi},lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi
- - added detail to make it clear exactly how history timestamps are
- saved to and read from the history file
-
-subst.c
- - change quote_escapes to add CTLESC before spaces if IFS is null,
- just in case we have to split on literal spaces later on (e.g., in
- case of unquoted $@). Corresponding changes to dequote_escapes.
- Fixes a couple of problems reported by Brett Stahlman
- <brettstahlman@comcast.net>
-
- 1/14
- ----
-subst.c
- - make same change to read_comsub to add CTLESC before ' ' if $IFS is
- null, since we will split on literal spaces later
-
- 1/15
- ----
-array.c
- - new function, array_quote_escapes (ARRAY *a), calls quote_escapes
- on each element of the array in the same way array_quote calls
- quote_string
- - call array_quote_escapes if match is not quoted in array_patsub
- - array_slice is now used, so remove the #ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED define
- - change structure of array_subrange to call array_slice to create a
- new array with the desired subset of elements, then call array_quote
- or array_quote_escapes as necessary, like array_patsub. Convert to
- a string by calling array_to_string on the sliced-out array
-
-array.h
- - new extern declaration for array_quote_escapes
-
-subst.c
- - since array_patsub now calls quote_escapes as necessary, callers
- don't need to call it after array_patsub returns. Fixes first bug
- reported by Brett Stahlman <brettstahlman@comcast.net>
- - since array_subrange now calls quote_escapes as necessary, callers
- don't need to call it after array_patsub returns. Same fix as
- for array_patsub
-
- 1/31
- ----
-configure.in
- - add -DSOLARIS to LOCAL_CFLAGS for solaris x
-
-config-bot.h
- - don't #undef HAVE_GETCWD if GETCWD_BROKEN and SOLARIS are both
- defined. Solaris's loopback mount implementation breaks some of the
- file system assumptions the replacement getcwd uses.
-
-builtins/common.c
- - if GETCWD_BROKEN is defined, call getcwd with PATH_MAX for the size
- argument, so it will allocate a buffer for the current working dir
- with that size, instead of one that's `big enough'
-
-config.h.in
- - add #undef PRI_MACROS_BROKEN for AIX 4.3.3
-
-pathexp.h
- - new flag value for quote_string_for_globbing: QGLOB_REGEXP (quoting
- an ERE for matching as a string)
-
-pathexp.c
- - change quote_string_for_globbing to understand QGLOB_REGEXP
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - change execute_cond_node to pass 2 (regexp match), 1 (shell pattern
- match), or 0 (no matching) to cond_expand_word
-
-subst.c
- - change cond_expand_word to translate SPECIAL==2 into passing
- QGLOB_REGEXP to quote_string_for_globbing
-
-locale.c
- - by default, if all else fails, set shell's idea of locale to ""
- instead of its idea of `default_locale' -- the library functions
- behave better with that value
-
- 2/2
- ---
-builtins/printf.def
- - if PRI_MACROS_BROKEN is defined, #undef PRIdMAX (AIX 4.3.3 broken)
-
- 2/3
- ---
-Makefile.in,{builtins,doc}/Makefile.in,lib/*/Makefile.in
- - add assignment for datarootdir as per GNU coding standards
-
-Makefile.in,builtins/Makefile.in,lib/intl/Makefile.in,po/Makefile.in.in
- - use @localedir@ instead of $(datadir)/locale in assignment
-
- 2/13
- ----
-jobs.c
- - fix compact_jobs_list to not return js.j_lastj, since that is in use
- and should not be overwritten. Fix from Len Lattanzi
- <llattanzi@apple.com>
-
- 2/16
- ----
-lib/readline/text.c
- - change rl_forward_char to allow moving to the end of the line when
- using the arrow keys in vi insertion mode, rather than having the
- behavior identical between vi command and insertion modes. Change
- suggested by Hugh Sasse <hgs@dmu.ac.uk>
-
- 2/19
- ----
-CWRU/audit-patch
- - patch from Steve Grubb of RedHat <sgrubb@redhat.com> to make bash
- audit root's behavior by logging commands using his audit
- framework. Enabled if the shell's name is `aubash'.
-
- 3/8
- ---
-jobs.c
- - use WSTATUS (p->status) instead of bare p->status. Fix from
- Jim Brown <jim.brown@rsmas.miami.edu>
-
- 3/9
- ---
-lib/readline/{complete,input,isearch,misc,readline,text,vi_mode}.c
- - make sure cases where rl_read_key returns -1 (usually due to EIO
- because the controlling tty has gone away) are handled correctly.
- Prompted by report from Thomas Loeber <ifp@loeber1.de>
-
- 3/10
- ----
-sig.c
- - new function, top_level_cleanup, callable from contexts where some
- cleanup needs to be performed before a non-fatal call to
- jump_to_top_level
-
-sig.h
- - new extern declaration for top_level_cleanup
-
-builtins/common.c
- - add calls to top_level_cleanup before calls to jump_to_top_level
- in a builtin command context (no_args(), get_numeric_arg()). Fixes
- bug reported by Ian Watson
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, use `new' when comparing against
- the last invisible character in the prompt, since they both denote
- buffer indices when in a multibyte locale, whereas `dpos' is a
- display position
-
- 3/13
- ----
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - set rl_completion_append_character to the default (' ') in
- set_completion_defaults(). Fixes bug reported by David Emerson
- <demerson3x@angelbase.com>
-
- 3/23
- ----
-builtins/evalfile.c
- - make sure read() returns a value >= 0 before using it as an index
- into string[]
- - use a variable of type `ssize_t' for return value from read()
- - only try to read the entire contents of a regular file in one shot
- if the file size is less than SSIZE_MAX. These fix problems
- reported by hooanon05@yahoo.co.jp.
-
-include/typemax.h
- - define SSIZE_MAX as 32767 if it's not defined
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - in rl_redisplay() and update_line(), if redrawing the prompt because
- it contains invisible characters, make sure we redraw the character
- indicating a modified history line and take it into account when
- computing _rl_last_c_pos
- - in update_line, if deleting characters and redrawing the new text,
- make sure we adjust _rl_last_c_pos by wrap_offset in a multibyte
- locale if the text we're drawing starts before or at the last
- invisible character in the prompt string. Fixes bug reported on
- bug-readline by J Pelkey <pelkeyj@gmail.com>
-
-parse.y
- - when adding at CTLESC character to the current token, do not
- escape it with CTLESC if pass_next_character indicates that the
- CTLESC was escaped by a backslash. Fixes bug reported by
- Paul Bagshaw <paul.bagshaw@orange-ftgroup.com>.
-
- 3/25
- ----
-lib/readline/text.c
- - in rl_forward_char, short-circuit the loop if in emacs mode and
- rl_point == rl_end. Fixes problem with multibyte locales
- reported by Len Lattanzi <llattanzi@apple.com>
-
- 3/29
- ----
-command.h
- - new flag for subshell_environment: SUBSHELL_PROCSUB, for process
- substitution
-
-subst.c
- - add SUBSHELL_PROCSUB to subshell_environment in process_substitute
-
- 3/30
- ----
-doc/Makefile.in
- - fix installation of bash.info to understand that it is in the build
- directory, not the source directory
-
-mailcheck.c
- - new function, init_mail_dates, calls remember_mail_dates only if
- there are no mailboxes in `mailfiles'
- - new function, init_mail_file, initializes a FILEINFO, using the
- last time mail was checked as the mtime and atime (or the time the
- shell was started if last_time_mail_checked is uninitialized)
- - call init_mail_file instead of update_mail_file in add_mail_file,
- called from remember_mail_dates (which is supposed to initialize
- the list of mail files)
- - new convenience functions, alloc_mail_file and dispose_mail_file to
- allocate and free FILEINFO structs
-
-mailcheck.h
- - extern declaration for init_mail_dates
-
-shell.c
- - call init_mail_dates instead of remember_mail_dates
-
- 4/4
- ---
-builtins/read.def
- - changes to print $PS2 when a line is continued with a backslash in
- an interactive shell. This is as POSIX requires
-
- 4/5
- ---
-subst.c
- - make sure quote_escapes is only ever called when the word to be
- escaped is not marked as double-quoted -- cleaner, and allows us
- to make certain assumptions
-
- 4/6
- ---
-subst.c
- - change all EX_* defines to begin with SX_
- - new flag, SX_NOCTLESC, obeyed by string_extract_verbatim, tells it
- to not obey CTLESC quoting
- - change quote_escapes to not quote CTLESC with CTLESC if one of the
- chars in $IFS is CTLESC, since the return value from quote_string
- will be passed to word splitting and filename generation
- - change read_comsub to do the same thing for unquoted command
- substitutions
- - change list_string to pass SX_NOCTLESC if CTLESC is one of the
- chars in $IFS, so it will split on CTLESC instead of using it as a
- quote character
-
- 4/7
- ---
-subst.c
- - slight change to string_extract_verbatim to allow CTLESC to quote
- CTLNUL even if SX_NOCTLESC is set in the flags passed, to protect
- the CTLNULs from future calls to remove_quoted_nulls. Only
- matters when $IFS contains CTLESC
- - changes to cope with $IFS containing CTLNUL in the same way as the
- CTLESC changes
-
-builtins/read.def
- - changes to cope with $IFS containing CTLNUL in the same way as the
- CTLESC changes
-
- 4/16
- ----
-lib/sh/strftime.c
- - a couple of fixes to the `%z' code
-
-eval.c
- - add an fflush after printing the auto-logout message
-
- 4/24
- ----
-subst.c
- - add call to top_level_cleanup in exp_jump_to_top_level to get things
- like unwind-protects and the loop levels cleaned up
-
-{arrayfunc,expr,variables}.c
- - add calls to top_level_cleanup before jump_to_top_level()
-
- 4/27
- ----
-builtins/complete.def
- - make sure the `command' argument to the -C option is printed with
- single quotes, since multi-word commands will require them. Bug
- reported by martin@snowplow.org
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - change execute_builtin_or_function and execute_subshell_builtin_or_function
- to call fflush(stdout) after the builtin or function returns, to
- make sure that all output is flushed before the call returns. It
- matters on cygwin. Fix suggested by Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
-
-redir.c
- - in do_redirection_internal, if the file descriptor being acted upon
- is the same one used by the stdout stream, call fflush(stdout) to
- make sure all output is flushed before changing the underlying fd
- out from underneath stdio. Fix suggested by Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
-
-
- 4/30
- ----
-
-builtins/common.c
- - new function, sh_chkwrite(int), fflushes stdout and checks for error;
- printing an error message and returning a new exit status if there's
- an error on stdout. Takes exit status as argument; returns new exit
- status (EXECUTION_FAILURE if write error)
-
-builtins/common.h
- - new extern declaration for sh_chkwrite
-
-builtins/{alias,cd,complete,echo,fc,history,pushd,shopt,times,trap,type,ulimit,umask}.def
- - change to use sh_chkwrite to report write errors
-
-builtins/fc.def
- - if an error occurs while writing commands from the history to a file
- to be executed, report a write error and return failure without
- attempting to execute any commands
-
- 5/1
- ---
-builtins/{bind,declare,set,setattr}.def
- - change to use sh_chkwrite to report write errors
-
- 5/2
- ---
-lib/readline/input.c
- - fix off-by-one errors in _rl_get_char (pop_index) and rl_stuff_char
- (push_index) that caused the 511th character in the buffer to be
- discarded. Fixes bug reported by Tom Bjorkholm <tom.bjorkholm@ericsson.com>
-
- 5/8
- ---
-subst.c
- - fix parameter_brace_remove_pattern to pass getpattern() newly-allocated
- memory. If word expansions (particularly brace expansions) are
- required, the expansion code will free the string passed to
- expand_word_internal, and we don't want to free unallocated memory
- (patstr++) or have duplicate frees (patstr). Fixes bug reported on
- Red Hat bugzilla
-
- 5/9
- ---
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - fix bug in rl_set_signals that caught SIGINT twice and didn't catch
- SIGTERM. Bug reported by Ed Kwan <ed.kwan@onstor.com>
-
- 5/18
- ----
-jobs.c
- - change compact_jobs_list to return 1 if js.j_lastj == 0 and there is
- a job in jobs[0]; compact_jobs_list should never return an index
- already occupied
- - change reset_job_indices to avoid infinite looping when js.j_firstj
- == 0 or js.j_firstj == js.j_jobslots upon function entry. Fixes
- bug reported by osicka@post.cz
-
- 5/20
- ----
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - new variable, executing_builtin, keeps track of number of "levels"
- of builtins being executed; incremented by execute_builtin; saved
- and restored by execute_simple_command
-
-subst.c
- - new variable, assigning_in_environment, set and unset around calls
- to assign_in_env by the expansion code
-
-variables.c
- - use executing_builtin and assigning_in_environment to decide whether
- or not to look into temporary_env when calling find_variable_internal.
- Fixes problem reported by Kevin Quinn <kevquinn@gentoo.org>
-
- 5/22
- ----
-redir.c
- - change add_undo_redirect to differentiate between file descriptors
- greater than SHELL_FD_BASE (currently 10) used internally to save
- others and then being the targets of user redirection and fds that
- are just the target of user redirections. The former need to have
- an `exec undo' redirect added to undo it in case exec throws away
- redirections; the latter does not. We use the close-on-exec flag
- for this: if it's set, we assume that the file descriptor is being
- used internally to save another. Fixes problem reported by Ian
- Jackson <ian@davenant.greenend.org.uk>
-
-shell.c
- - new function, init_interactive_script(), does interactive initialization
- for a script run with `bash -i script' -- does everything the same
- as init_interactive except set `interactive == 1', which causes the
- shell to read from the standard input, after calling
- init_noninteractive
- - call init_interactive_script if a script is run as `bash -i script'.
- Fixes problem reported by Joseph Michaud <jmichaud@sgi.com>
-
- 5/24
- ----
-builtins/printf.def
- - change vbadd to only call FASTCOPY if the passed buffer length is
- > 1
- - if the `-v' option is supplied and `vbuf' is already non-null from a
- previous `printf -v var' call, set vbuf[0]=0 explicitly instead of
- relying on vbadd to do it -- vbadd may not be called.
- - fix PRETURN macro to set vbuf[0] == 0 if vbuf is not freed. These
- should fix problem reported by Elmar Stellnberger <estellnb@yahoo.de>
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - fix update_line to deal with the case where col_lendiff > 0 (meaning
- the new string takes up more screen real estate than the old) but
- lendiff < 0 (meaning that it takes fewer bytes to do so). This can
- happen when a multibyte prompt string is replaced with a longer one
- containing only single-byte characters (e.g., when doing a reverse
- i-search). Fixes gentoo bug reported by Peter Volkov
- <torre_cremata@mail.ru>
-
-builtins/read.def
- - make sure we only print $PS2 if the standard input is a terminal
- - new function, read_mbchar, to read a multibyte character so we
- can make sure we read entire multibyte chars when `read -n' is
- used, rather than bytes. Only called when -n is supplied.
- Fixes problem reported by Stanislav Brabec <sbrabec@suse.cz>
-
- 5/25
- ----
-externs.h
- - new #defines for third argument to named_function_string:
- FUNC_MULTILINE (don't suppress newlines) and FUNC_EXTERNAL (convert
- to external display form)
-
-subst.h
- - new extern declaration for remove_quoted_escapes
-
-subst.c
- - remove_quoted_escapes is now global
-
-print_cmd.c
- - in named_function_string, if FUNC_EXTERNAL is in the flags argument,
- call remove_quoted_escapes to convert from internal to external form.
- Fixes bug reported by Bo Andresen <bo.andresen@zlin.dk>
-
-variables.c,builtins/{declare,setattr,type}.def
- - use FUNC_MULTILINE in calls to named_function_string as appropriate
- - add FUNC_EXTERNAL to calls to named_function_string as appropriate
-
- 5/27
- ----
-{make_cmd,variables}.c
- - changes to enable the shell to compile when debugger support is
- configured out (function_def hash table and access functions). Fixes
- bug reported by Horst Wente <horst.wente@acm.org>
-
-builtins/help.def
- - fix bug in `help' two-column printing to avoid referencing
- shell_builtins[num_shell_builtins]
-
-error.c
- - in get_name_for_error, use dollar_vars[0] if the name returned from
- looking in $BASH_SOURCE[0] is the empty string as well as if it's
- null
-
- 5/31
- ----
-arrayfunc.c
- - change array_value_internal to set *RTYPE to 1 if the reference is
- array[*] and 2 if the reference is array[@]
-
-subst.c
- - in parameter_brace_expand_word, set the flags returned by the word
- desc to include W_HASQUOTEDNULL if array_value returns QUOTED_NULL
- for an array reference like x[*] and the word is quoted. Fixes bug
- reported by Christophe Martin <schplurtz@free.fr>
-
- 6/1
- ---
-jobs.c
- - several changes to preserve errno if tcgetpgrp/tcgetattr/tcsetattr
- fail, for subsequent error messages
- - change initialize_job_control to turn off job control if the terminal
- pgrp == -1 or is not equal to shell_pgrp (with an error message)
- - in initialize_job_control, if the shell has been forced interactive
- with -i, make sure stderr is hooked to a tty before using it as
- the controlling terminal. If it's not, try to open /dev/tty and
- assign it to shell_tty. Fixes problems reported by Derek Fawcus
- <dfawcus@cisco.com>
-
- 6/13
- ----
-support/shobj-conf
- - changes to support shared object and shared library creation on AIX
- 5.x and later versions. From Niklas Edmundsson <nikke@acc.umu.se>
-
- 6/17
- ----
-builtins/mkbuiltins.c
- - new array of builtins, posix_builtins, containing builtins listed
- as special to the command search order by POSIX
- - add POSIX_BUILTIN to the builtin flags if the builtin name is one
- that's special to the posix command search order
-
-builtins.h
- - new define, POSIX_BUILTIN, means that a builtin is special to the
- posix command search order
-
- 6/22
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - new macro, WRAP_OFFSET, intended to replace W_OFFSET. Takes prompt
- strings longer than one physical line with invisible characters on
- the second line into account when calculating the number of
- invisible characters on the current screen line
- - use WRAP_OFFSET where appropriate (update_line, _rl_move_cursor_relative)
- - change update_line to deal with adjusting _rl_last_c_pos in a
- multibyte environment when the prompt has invisible chars on the
- second line and redisplay has output the invisible characters
- - change _rl_move_cursor_relative to adjust _rl_last_c_pos in a
- multibyte environment when the prompt has invisible chars on the
- second line and the redisplay draws the invisible character. Fixes
- redisplay bug reported by Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
-
-
- 7/11
- ----
-
-lib/readline/rltty.c
- - enable flush-output code for systems other than AIX 4.1. Problem
- reported by Jan Kratochvil <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
-
- 7/12
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - set prompt_invis_chars_first_line from the portion of the prompt
- following the final newline, instead of from the prefix. Fixes
- bug reported on the Ubuntu bug list by dAniel hAhler
- <ubuntu@thequod.de>
-
- 7/13
- ----
-variables.c
- - use native __QNX__ and __QNXNTO__ cpp defines instead of qnx and
- qnx6, respectively. Patch from Sean Boudreau <seanb@qnx.com>
-
-lib/sh/getcwd.c
- - #undef HAVE_LSTAT on qnx, so it uses stat instead. Patch from
- Sean Boudreau <seanb@qnx.com>
-
- 7/21
- ----
-builtins/common.c
- - change sh_invalidnum to be a little smarter about octal and hex
- numbers and change the message appropriately. Bug originally
- reported on coreutils list by Jürgen Niinre <Jyrgen.Niinre@emt.ee>
-
- 7/26
- ----
-test.c
- - make sure the string passed to test_unop has only a single character
- following the `-'. Fixes bug reported by Michael A. Smith
- <michael@smith-li.com>
-
-parse.y
- - better input validation: make sure a word looks like a conditional
- unary operator (-X) before calling test_unop
-
- 7/28
- ----
-trap.c
- - in trap_handler, if it's called directly from the signal handler
- (e.g., SIGINT sighandler, set by set_sigint_handler), but the
- trap disposition has been reset to the default between the
- assignment and receipt of the signal, check that the signal is
- trapped and issue a warning if the shell was compiled with
- debugging enabled. Fixes bug reported by Fergus Henderson
- <fergus@google.com>
-
- 8/1
- ---
-lib/readline/{util,histexpand}.c
- - fixes for small memory leaks from Michael Snyder <msnyder@sonic.net>
-
- 8/18
- ----
-Makefile.in
- - add dependency on builtins/builtext.h to nojobs.o list. Fixes
- `make -j 5' issue reported by Chris MacGregor <chris@bouncingdog.com>
-
-examples/loadables/Makefile.in
- - add @LDFLAGS@ to SHOBJ_LDFLAGS assignment -- experimental. Suggested
- by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
-examples/loadables/{basename,cut,dirname,finfo,head,ln,logname,mkdir,pathchk,print,printenv,push,realpath,rmdir,sleep,tee,truefalse,tty,uname,unlink,whoami}.c
- - fix up some includes. Fix from Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
- 8/21
- ----
-histexpand.c
- - fix another memory leak in history_find_word. Bug report originally
- from Michael Snyder <msnyder@sonic.net>; test case suggested by Jim
- Blandy <jimb@codesourcery.com>
-
- 8/26
- ----
-subst.c
- - change to do_assignment_internal to make an assignment to a variable
- with the `noassign' internal attribute not a variable assignment
- error.
- - fix do_assignment_internal so assignment to a `noassign' variable
- does not cause it to suddenly become visible if it's currently
- invisible
-
- 9/3
- ---
-stringlib.c
- - change strsub to check whether or not temp is non-null before
- trying to null-terminate it. Also make sure temp is allocated
- even if the pattern and replacement strings are empty, and set
- to a copy of string (like ${foo//})
- Bug report from Timo Lindfors <timo.lindfors@iki.fi>
-
- 9/10
- ----
-{config.h,Makefile,configure}.in,aclocal.m4
- - new tests for fpurge and __fpurge
-
-lib/sh/fpurge.c, externs.h
- - new file, fpurge(3) implementation with external decl in externs.h
-
-builtins/common.c
- - add call to fpurge(stdout) to sh_chkwrite
-
-{redir,execute_cmd}.c
- - add call to fpurge(stdout) after fflush(stdout) before changing
- stdout file descriptor and after a builtin or function executes
-
- 9/12
- ----
-expr.c
- - make sure noeval is set to 0 when a longjmp occurs, since it will
- not be reset otherwise, and it can be set to 1 while processing
- a {pre,post}-increment or {pre,post}-decrement token
- - set noeval to 0 at the beginning of evalexp, since it's never
- called recursively
-
- 9/14
- ----
-config-top.h
- - new builder-modifiable define: DONT_REPORT_BROKEN_PIPE_WRITE_ERRORS
- Turning it on will cause errors from EPIPE to not be reported by
- the normal shell write error message mechanism
-
-builtins/common.c
- - if DONT_REPORT_BROKEN_PIPE_WRITE_ERRORS is defined, don't print an
- error message from sh_wrerror if errno == EPIPE. Suggestion from
- Petr Sumbera <petr.sumbera@sun.com>
-
- 9/19
- ----
-{jobs,nojobs}.c,jobs.h
- - add code to retry fork() after EAGAIN, with a progressively longer
- sleep between attempts, up to FORKSLEEP_MAX (16) seconds. Suggested
- by Martin Koeppe <mkoeppe@gmx.de>
-
- 9/21
- ----
-version.c
- - change copyright year to 2007
-
- 9/25
- ----
-pathexp.c
- - change quote_string_for_globbing to add a backslash in front of a
- backslash appearing in the pathname string, since the globbing
- code will interpret backslashes as quoting characters internally.
- Bug reported by <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> on the debian list
- (443685)
-
- 10/8
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - in update_line, make sure _rl_last_c_pos is > 0 before setting
- cpos_adjusted (or we actually moved the cursor to column 0 in
- _rl_move_cursor_relative). Fixes redisplay bug with prompt with
- only invisible characters reported by dAniel hAhler
- <ubuntu@thequod.de>
-
- 10/10
- -----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - in rl_redisplay, when calculating the new physical cursor position
- in a multibyte locale (`tx'), do not call rl_backspace if tx ends
- up < 0. Rest of fix for bug reported by dAniel hAhler
- <ubuntu@thequod.de>
-
- 10/12
- -----
-lib/sh/getcwd.c
- - fix memory overwrite problem that's possible if buf is NULL and
- passed size is greater than the pathname length. Reported by
- Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@xensource.com>
-
-builtins/ulimit.def
- - change the multiplier for the -c and -f options (`blocks') to 512,
- the traditional value (and the one POSIX specifies). Bug reported
- by Pete Graner <pgraner@redhat.com>
-
-braces.c
- - pass process substitution through unchanged the same as command
- substitution. Prompted by suggestion from Stephane Chazelas
- <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
-
-lib/readline/input.c
- - in rl_unget_char, fix off-by-one error when resetting pop_index if
- it's < 0. Bug reported by Uwe Doering <gemini@geminix.org>
-
-builtins/type.def
- - change exit status of `type' to not successful if any of the
- requested commands are not found. Reported by Stephane Chazleas
- <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
-
-pcomplete.c
- - change command_line_to_word_list to use rl_completer_word_break_characters
- instead of the shell metacharacters to split words, so programmable
- completion does the same thing readline does internally. Reported
- by Vasily Tarasov <vtaras@sw.ru>
-
- 10/16
- -----
-bashline.c
- - When completing a command name beginning with a tilde and containing
- escaped specical characters, dequote the filename before prefixing
- it to the matches, so the escapes are not quoted again. Reported
- by neil@s-z.org
-
- 10/17
- -----
-expr.c
- - in readtok(), don't reset lasttp if we've consumed the whitespace
- at the end of the expression string. Fixes error message problem
- reported by <anmaster@tele2.se>
-
- 11/1
- ----
-builtins/printf.def
- - change asciicode() to return intmax_t; add multibyte character
- support instead of assuming ASCII (depending on behavior of system
- multibyte support functions). Fixes bug reported by Rich
- Felker <dalias@aerifal.cx>
-
- 11/5
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - if redirections attached to a compound command fail, make sure to
- set last_command_exit_value when returning EXECUTION_FAILURE.
- Fixes bug reported separately by Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
- and Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
-
- 11/9
- ----
-builtins/read.def
- - make sure the return value from get_word_from_string is freed if
- non-null. Fixes memory leak bug reported by Lars Ellenberg
- <lars.ellenberg@linbit.com>
-
- 11/10
- -----
-variables.c
- - use getpid() as value of seeded_subshell to avoid problems with
- random number generator not getting re-seeded correctly when
- subshells are created. Fix from Tomas Janousek <tjanouse@redhat.com>
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - in update_line(), when outputting characters at the end of the line,
- e.g., when displaying the prompt string, adjust _rl_last_c_pos by
- wrap_offset if the text we're drawing begins before the last
- invisible character in the line. Similar to fix from 5/24. Fixes
- bug reported by Miroslav Lichvar <mlichvar@redhat.com>
-
- 11/14
- -----
-subst.c
- - fix $[ expansion case to deal with extract_arithmetic_subst
- returning NULL (if the `]' is missing) and return the construct
- unchanged in that case. Fixes tab completion bug reported by
- Heikki Hokkanen <hoxu@users.sf.net> (debian bug 451263)
-
-lib/readline/mbutil.c
- - fix _rl_find_next_mbchar_internal to deal with invalid multibyte
- character sequences when finding non-zero-length chars. Fixes
- bug reported by Morita Sho <morita-pub-en-debian@inz.sakura.ne.jp>
-
- 11/15
- -----
-variables.c
- - add new function `seedrand' to seed the bash random number
- generator from more random data. Suggestion from Steve Grubb
- <sgrubb@redhat.com>
- - replace the rng in brand() with a slightly better one from FreeBSD
- (filtered through Mac OS X 10.5). Replacement suggested by
- Steve Grubb <sgrubb@redhat.com>
-
- 11/21
- -----
-configure.in
- - darwin 9 also requires linking against libreadline.a and
- libhistory.a because of Apple's questionable decision to ship a
- libreadline "replacement" that doesn't provide all functions
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - slight change to the text describing the effect of set -e when
- in a || or && list
-
- 12/5
- ----
-jobs.c
- - fix raw_job_exit_status to correct mixing of int/WAIT values (need
- to return a WAIT)
- - arrange so that children run as part of command substitutions also
- set the SIGINT handler to wait_sigint_handler, since they effectively
- don't do job control
- - in wait_for, if a child run as part of a command substitution exits
- due to SIGINT, resend the SIGINT to the waiting shell with kill(2).
- This makes sure the exit status propagates
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - tighten up the language describing when bash tries to see if its
- stdin is a socket, so it can run the startup files. Suggested by
- Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.org>
-
-eval.c
- - in the DISCARD case of a longjmp to top_level, make sure
- last_command_exit_value is set to EXECUTION_FAILURE if it's 0,
- but leave existing non-zero values alone
-
-subst.c
- - in command_substitute, don't reset pipeline_pgrp in the child
- process -- this means that second and subsequent children spawned by
- this comsub shell get put into the wrong process group, not the
- shell's. Fix for bug reported by Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
-
- 12/6
- ----
-support/shobj-conf
- - make sure the cases for darwin8.x (Mac OS X 10.4.x) are extended to
- darwin9.x (Mac OS X 10.5.x). Fixes problem originally reported
- against readline-5.2 by schneecrash@gmail.com
-
- 12/8
- ----
-subst.c
- - make sure to add the results of (successful) tilde expansion as a
- quoted string, to inhibit pathname expansion and word splitting.
- From recent Austin Group interpretation.
-
-include/shtty.h, lib/sh/shtty.c
- - add ttfd_onechar, ttfd_noecho, ttfd_eightbit, ttfd_nocanon, and
- ttfd_cbreak to set tty attributes associated with a particular
- file descriptor (which is presumed to point to a terminal). Support
- for fix for bug reported by b_bashbug@thebellsplace.com
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - make sure we only use rl_invis_chars_first_line when the number of
- physical characters exceeds the screen width, since that's the
- only time expand_prompt sets it to a valid value
-
- 12/12
- -----
-builtins/set.def
- - change set_minus_o_option to return EX_USAGE if an invalid option
- name is supplied. All callers can handle it.
- - change set_builtin to return what set_minus_o_option returns if it's
- not EXECUTION_SUCCESS. This allows EX_USAGE errors to abort a
- shell running in posix mode
-
- 12/14
- -----
-builtins/read.def
- - generalize the calls to the tty attribute functions to maintain a
- local copy of the terminal attributes and use the fd supplied as
- the argument to the -u option (default 0). Fix for bug reported
- by b_bashbug@thebellsplace.com
-
-doc/bashref.texi, lib/readline/doc/{history,rlman,rluser,rluserman}.texi
- - Slight changes to conform to the latest FSF documentation standards.
- Patch from Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
-
- 12/20
- -----
-execute_cmd.c
- - after calling clear_unwind_protect_list, make sure we reset
- parse_and_execute_level to 0, since there's nothing left to
- restore it if top_level_cleanup tests it. Fixes bug reported
- by Len Lattanzi <llattanzi@apple.com>
-
- 12/31
- -----
-lib/sh/getcwd.c
- - new function, _path_checkino, checks whether the inode corresponding
- to the path constructed from the first two arguments is the same as
- the inode number passed as the third argument
- - if BROKEN_DIRENT_D_INO is defined, meaning the d_ino/d_fileno
- member of struct dirent doesn't contain valid values, use
- _path_checkino instead of directly comparing against d_fileno.
- Fixes Interix problem reported by Michael Haubenwallner
- <haubi@gentoo.org>
-
- 1/7/2008
- --------
-array.c
- - fix array_subrange to separate elements in returned string with
- first char of $IFS if QUOTED is non-zero, since this indicates
- the caller used ${array[@]:foo}. Fixes bug reported by Lea
- Wiemann <lewiemann@gmail.com>
-
- 1/8
- ---
-subst.c
- - new function returning a string containing the first character of
- $IFS: char *ifs_firstchar(int *)
-
-subst.h
- - extern declaration for ifs_firstchar()
-
-array.c
- - call ifs_firstchar() to get first character of $IFS when needed
- (array_subrange() and array_patsub())
-
- 1/11
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - use sentinel variable set at end of init_line_structures to decide
- whether to call it from rl_redisplay, since early SIGWINCH on
- Mac OS X that hits during this function can cause _rl_wrapped_line
- to be referenced before initialization. Fix for bug reported by
- Len Lattanzi <llattanzi@apple.com>
-
-subst.[ch]
- - skip_to_delim is now compiled into the shell all the time, not just
- when readline is linked in
-
-subst.c
- - use skip_to_delim to find the `/' denoting the end of a pattern
- in pattern substitution, since it knows more shell syntax than
- quoted_strchr and understands multibyte characters. Fixes bug
- reported by Dmitry V Golovashkin <Dmitry.Golovashkin@sas.com>
-
- 1/15
- ----
-subst.c
- - add `flags' argument to skip_to_delim telling it whether or not to
- set no_longjmp_on_fatal_error; set this flag when calling from the
- readline completion code
-
-subst.h
- - update extern declaration for skip_to_delim
-
- 1/17
- ----
-subst.c
- - expand_prompt_string takes a third argument: the initial flags for
- the WORD
-
-subst.h
- - change extern declaration for expand_prompt_string to add third arg
-
-bashline.c
- - pass W_NOCOMSUB as third argment to expand_prompt_string when
- calling from bash_directory_completion_hook, since we don't want
- to do command substitution from the completion code
-
-parse.y
- - change call to expand_prompt_string
-
- 1/18
- ----
-doc/Makefile.in
- - added an `install_builtins' rule to install the builtins.1 man page,
- preprocessing it with sed to force `.so man1/bash.1', which some
- versions of man require. Suggestion from Peter Breitenlohner
- <peb@mppmu.mpg.de>
- - new target `install_everything' that will install normal documentation
- and builtins man page
- - changed uninstall target to remove bash_builtins page from man
- directory
-
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - new function, rl_vi_insert_mode, which calls rl_vi_start_inserting
- to make sure the value of `last command to repeat' is set correctly.
- Fix from Thomas Janousek <tjanouse@redhat.com>
- - add support for redoing inserts made with the `I' command. Fix
- from Thomas Janousek <tjanouse@redhat.com>
- - add support for redoing inserts made with the `A' command
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - new extern declaration for rl_vi_insert_mode
-
-lib/readline/{misc,readline,vi_mode,vi_keymap}.c
- - change calls to rl_vi_insertion_mode to rl_vi_insert_mode
-
- 1/19
- ----
-builtins/read.def
- - change timeout behavior when not reading from a tty device to save
- any partial input in the variable list, but still return failure.
- This also causes variables specified as arguments to read to be
- set to null when there is no input available. Fix inspired by
- Brian Craft <bcboy@thecraftstudio.com>
-
- 1/21
- ----
-builtins/fc.def
- - change computation of last_hist to use remember_on_history instead
- of a hard-coded `1'. This keeps fc -l -1 in PROMPT_COMMAND from
- looking too far back
-
- 1/25
- ----
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - fix fnwidth to use string[pos] instead of *string when testing the
- current character for a control character or rubout
-
- 2/2
- ---
-general.c
- - change posix_initialize to turn off source/. searching $PWD when
- the file sourced is not found in $PATH. Fixes bug reported by
- Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org> and Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
-
- 2/9
- ---
-builtins/*.def
- - changes to text and formatting suggested by Jan Schampera
- <jan.schampera@web.de>
-
- 2/16
- ----
-bashline.c
- - change command_word_completion_function to use the word completion
- found by readline, which matters only when ignoring case is on
- and the completion found in the file system differs in case from
- the text the user typed (this is what readline does for normal
- filename completion). Fixes issue reported by Jian Wang
- <jwang@a10networks.com.cn>.
-
- 2/18
- ----
-builtins/source.def
- - if the filename passed as an argument contains a `/', don't search
- $PATH. Not sure why it wasn't like this before
-
- 2/21
- ----
-lib/readline/terminal.c
- - change rl_crlf so that the MINT system on ATARI systems adds a
- carriage return before the \n
-
- 2/22
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - added text to the EXIT STATUS section noting that exit statuses
- fall between 0 and 255, inclusive
-
-support/mkversion.sh
- - output a #define for DEFAULT_COMPAT_LEVEL (${major}${minor}; e.g. 32)
- to version.h
-
-version.c
- - int variable, shell_compatibility_level, set to DEFAULT_COMPAT_LEVEL
- by default
-
-builtins/shopt.def
- - new shopt variable, compat31, sets shell_compatibility_level to 31
- (or back to default if unset)
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - in execute_cond_node, restore bash-3.1 behavior of quoted rhs of
- regexp matches if shell_compatibility_level == 31
-
- 2/28
- ----
-lib/readline/rltty.c
- - set readline_echoing_p = 1 if tcgetattr fails and sets errno to
- EINVAL, as Linux does when the fd is a pipe. Reported by Mike
- Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
- 3/6
- ---
-{MANIFEST,Makefile.in},lib/sh/{casemod,uconvert,ufuncs}.c
- - new library sources from bash-4.0-devel tree
-
-lib/sh/spell.c
- - moved cdspell() here from builtins/cd.def, renamed dirspell()
-
-externs.h
- - new declarations for extern functions from new library files
- - new extern declaration for lib/sh/spell.c:dirspell()
-
-builtins/cd.def
- - call extern library function dirspell(); remove static cdspell()
-
-builtins/read.def
- - when read times out, make sure input_string is null-terminated before
- assigning any partial input read to the named variables
-
- 3/10
- ----
-lib/glob/xmbsrtowcs.c
- - cut the number of memory allocations in xdupmbstowcs by not keeping
- track of the indices if the caller hasn't asked for it
-
- 3/17
- ----
-builtins/fc.def
- - make sure the adjustment to i in fc_gethnum uses the same formula
- fc_builtin uses to calculate last_hist
- - make sure that every time fc_gethnum is called, the fc command last
- in the history list has not yet been deleted, since fc_gethnum
- assumes that it has not. Fix from John Haxby <john.haxby@oracle.com>
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - new private library function, _rl_reset_completion_state(), used to
- reset any completion state internal to the library when a signal
- is received
- - call _rl_reset_completion_state() before returning from
- rl_complete_internal
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - new extern declaration for _rl_reset_completion_state
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - call _rl_reset_completion_state from rl_signal_handler on SIGINT.
- This fixes one of the problems identified by Mika Fischer
- <mf+ubuntu@zoopnet.de>
-
-pcomplete.c
- - programmable_completions now saves pointer to the compspec it's
- working with in new global variable CURCS
- - new function, pcomp_set_readline_variables, that sets or unsets
- readline variables based on a passed flags value (COPT_FILENAMES,
- etc.)
- - new function, pcomp_set_compspec_options, to set or unset bits in
- the options word of a passed compspec (default CURCS)
- - only call bash_dequote_filename (via rl_filename_dequoting_function)
- from pcomp_filename_completion_function if the readline state
- word indicates word completion is in progress
-
-pcomplete.h
- - new extern declaration for curcs
- - new extern declaration for pcomp_set_readline_variables
- - new extern declaration for pcomp_set_compspec_options
-
-bashline.c
- - fix bash_dequote_filename to implement shell quoting conventions:
- 1. Inhibit backslash stripping within single quotes
- 2. Inhibit backslash stripping within double quotes only if
- the following character is one of the special ones
- - call pcomp_set_readline_variables from attempt_shell_completion
- instead of doing the equivalent inline
-
- 3/18
- ----
-bracecomp.c
- - make sure we sort array of matches in byte order (using strcmp). so
- the brace calculations work correctly even when the locale orders
- characters like aAbBcC...zZ. Fixes bug reported by Torsten Nahm
- <torstennahm@torstennahm.de>
-
- 3/20
- ----
-lib/readline/{rltty,signals}.c
- - move block_sigint and release_sigint from rltty.c to signals.c; add
- _rl_ prefix to make them public to the library; change callers.
- From Jan Kratochvil <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - new extern declarations for _rl_block_sigint and _rl_release_sigint
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - add calls to _rl_block_sigint and _rl_release_sigint to rl_redisplay,
- since it maniupluates global data structures. Fix from Jan
- Kratochvil <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
-
-builtins/printf.def
- - change calls to asprintf and manually adding to vbuf to use calls
- to vsnprintf against vbuf directly -- if the number of characters
- to be written overflows the buffer, realloc the buffer and use
- vsnprintf again. This should reduce the memory used by printf.
- Idea from Yuya Katayama <yuya999@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - documented rest of readline's state flags, including RL_STATE_CALLBACK
- - documented rl_save_state and rl_restore_state
-
- 3/27
- ----
-lib/readline/{rlprivate.h,{display,readline,rltty,terminal,text}.c}
- - rename readline_echoing_p to _rl_echoing_p for namespace consistency
-
-lib/readline/{rlprivate.h,{callback,readline,util}.c}
- - rename readline_top_level to _rl_top_level for namespace consistency
-
-builtins/ulimit.def
- - new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number of threads) options
-
-array.c
- - fix bug in calculation of the array element assignment string length:
- use length of `is' instead of `indstr'. Reported as ubuntu bug
- #202885 by John McCabe-Dansted
-
-builtins/setattr.def
- - new function, show_all_var_attributes, displays attributes and
- values for all shell variables (or shell functions) in a reusable
- format
-
-builtins/common.h
- - new extern declaration for show_all_var_attributes
-
-builtins/declare.def
- - change `declare -p' to print out all variable attributes and values,
- and `declare -fp' to print out all function attributes and
- definitions. Inspired by request from John Love-Jensen
- <eljay@adobe.com>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new -b and -T options to ulimit
- - tighten up language describing AND and OR lists
- - add description of new behavior of `declare -p'
-
- 3/28
- ----
-pcomplete.c
- - rename curcs -> pcomp_curcs
- - new global completion variable, pcomp_curcmd, the current command
- name being completed
-
-builtins/complete.def
- - new builtin, compopt, allows completion options for command names
- supplied as arguments or the current completion being executed to
- be modified. Suggested by Mika Fischer <mf+ubuntu@zoopnet.de>
-
- 3/30
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi},lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
- - document new compopt builtin
-
- 4/5
- ---
-support/shobj-conf
- - change solaris10 stanza to use -fPIC to fix 64-bit sparc_v9/solaris10
- compilations. Fix from Fabian Groffen <grobian@gentoo.org>
-
-builtins/read.def
- - added `-i text' option, inserts `text' into line if using readline.
- Suggested by many, used some ideas from Kevin Pulo <kevin@pulo.com.au>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new `-i text' option to read builtin
-
- 4/7
- ---
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - new settable variable, `history-size', sets the max number of
- entries in the history list
-
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{rluser.texi,readline.3}
- - document new `history-size' settable readline variable
-
- 4/8
- ---
-builtins/complete.def
- - change build_actions calling sequence to take a struct with `other'
- (non-action) flag arguments (-p, -r)
- - add support for `-E' option to build_actions and complete builtin --
- modifies or displays (internal) `_EmptycmD_' completion spec
-
-bashline.c
- - change attempt_shell_completion to try programmable completion on an
- `empty' command line and return the results
-
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
- - documented new `-E' option to `complete'
-
- 4/9
- ---
-bashhist.c
- - new variable, `enable_history_list', used to reflect setting of
- `-o history' option
- - change bash_history_{enable,disable,reinit} to set enable_history_list
- as well as remember_on_history
-
-builtins/set.def
- - use `enable_history_list' instead of `remember_on_history' to keep
- value of `-o history' option
-
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - instead of unwind-protecting remember_on_history, use a function to
- restore it to the value of `enable_history_list' after
- parse_and_execute runs the commands in the string. This allows
- history to be turned off in a startup file, for instance. Problem
- reported by Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org>
-
- 4/11
- ----
-bashline.c
- - limited support for completing command words with globbing characters
- (only a single match completed on TAB, absolute or relative
- pathnames supported, no $PATH searching, some support for displaying
- possible matches, can be used with menu completion).
- Suggested by Harald Koenig <h.koenig@science-computing.de>
-
-print_cmd.c
- - change redirection printing to output r_err_and_out as `&>file',
- since the man page says that's the preferred form
-
- 4/12
- ----
-builtins/*.def
- - change long doc so the first line is a short description
- - add `Exit Status:' section to each longdoc describing exit values
-
-builtins/help.def
- - new `-d' option to print short description of each utility
- - new `-m' option to print description of each builtin in a
- pseudo-manpage format (inspired by ksh93)
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new `-d' and `-m' options to `help'
-
-builtins/mapfile.def
- - new builtin, `mapfile', imported from bash-4.0-devel branch
-
-tests/{mapfile.{data,right,tests},run-mapfile}
- - tests for `mapfile' builtin
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - added description of `mapfile' builtin
-
-MANIFEST,Makefile.in,builtins/Makefile.in
- - added entries for mapfile source files
-
-arrayfunc.[ch]
- - new function, bind_array_element, to support mapfile builtin
-
- 4/20
- ----
-expr.c
- - fix operator precendence in expcond(): term after the `:' is
- a conditional-expression, not a logical-OR-expression (using C
- terminology). Bug reported by <archimerged@gmail.com>
-
- 4/22
- ----
-bashintl.h
- - new P_ define for using ngettext to decide on plural forms
- (currently unused)
-
- 4/25
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - in execute_disk_command, if the command is not found, search for
- a shell function named `command_not_found_handle' and call it
- with the words in the command as arguments. Inspired by Debian
- feature.
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new command_not_found_handle behavior in COMMAND EXECUTION
- section
-
-configure.in
- - change default version to bash-4.0-devel
-
- 4/28
- ----
-variables.c
- - change push_func_var and push_exported_var to call
- stupidly_hack_special_variables if the temporary variable is going
- to be disposed. This undoes any internal changes caused by a local
- variable assignment in the environment or in a shell function. Bug
- reported by Morita Sho <morita-pub-en-debian@inz.sakura.ne.jp> in
- http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=478096
-
- 5/3
- ---
-builtins/fc.def
- - fixed a problem caused by change of 1/21 to use remember_on_history,
- since it's turned off by parse_and_execute(), but can cause the
- last command in history to be deleted and leave last_hist pointing
- beyond the end of the history list. edit_and_execute_command can
- do this.
-
-bashline.c
- - new define, RL_BOOLEAN_VAR_VALUE, to take a readline boolean variable
- and get its value as 0 or 1 (consider making readline global)
- - put tty back into canonical mode before calling parse_and_execute in
- edit_and_execute_command and then back into raw mode after it
- returns. Fixes problem identified by <koersen@gmail.com>.
-
- 5/4
- ---
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - code to support `globstar' option: GX_GLOBSTAR and two internal
- flags. Changes to skipname, glob_vector, mbskipname, glob_filename.
- New function finddirs().
-
-lib/glob/glob.h
- - new defines to support globstar code
-
-builtins/shopt.def
- - new shell option, `globstar', enables special handling of `**' in
- glob patterns -- matches all directories recursively
-
-pathexp.h
- - extern declaration for glob_star
-
-pathexp.c
- - break inline code out of quote_globbing_chars into a separate
- function to decide whether a character is a globbing char:
- glob_char_p
- - change shell_glob_filename to call glob_filename with the
- GX_GLOBSTAR flag if glob_star is set
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new `globstar' shell option
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - new function, broken out of quote_array_assignment_chars:
- quote_assign; extended from old code to make sure that globbing
- chars and chars in $IFS are quoted when displaying assignment
- statements, especially in compound array assignments
-
- 5/5
- ---
-bashline.c
- - new variable, dircomplete_spelling, controls spelling correction
- of directory names when doing filename completion
- - change bash_directory_completion_hook to incorporate spelling
- correction if initial canonicalization of directory name fails
-
-builtins/shopt.def
- - new shell option, `dirspell', enables and disables spelling
- correction of directory names during word completion
-
-builtins/read.def
- - support for fractional timeout values (ival.uval); uses uconvert
- and falarm/setitimer
-
-config.h.in
- - new `HAVE_SETITIMER' define
-
-configure.in
- - look for setitimer(2), define HAVE_SETITIMER if found
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new `dirspell' shopt option
- - document new fractional values to `read -t timeout'
-
- 5/6
- ---
-assoc.[ch]
- - new files, basic support for associative array implementation
-
-general.h
- - new extern declarations for sh_openpipe, sh_closepipe, trim_pathname
-
-general.c
- - new functions: sh_openpipe to create a pipe and move the file
- descriptors to a high range; sh_closepipe, to close pipe fds and
- clean up, and trim_pathname, to replace portions of a pathname
- with `...' (for prompting)
-
-jobs.c
- - don't set last_asynchronous_pid in child shell (messes up $!, among
- other things)
-
-parse.y,parser.h
- - moved definitions of parser flags to parser.h
-
-array.c
- - imported array_modcase (case-changing operations on arrays) from
- 4.0-devel branch
-
-array.h
- - new extern declaration for array_modcase
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - new variable, rl_menu_completion_entry_function, generator for
- rl_menu_complete
- - new menu completion `browsing' implementation, with several
- improvements over the old code. Inspired by Sami
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - extern declaration for rl_menu_completion_entry_function
-
- 5/8
- ---
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - add support for a third argument to fnprint and print_filename,
- which supports replacing a specified portion of the pathnames
- printed when displaying possible completions with a `...' (or
- `___', if the prefix would be confused with a portion of the
- filename)
- - new variable, _rl_completion_prefix_display_length, sets the
- number of characters in a common prefix to be replaced with an
- ellipsis when displaying possible completions
- - add support to _rl_display_match_list to find the length of the
- common prefix of all items being displayed, and passing that
- value to print_filename for possible replacement with an ellipsis
- if that length is longer than _rl_completion_prefix_display_length
-
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - add support for retrieving value of history-size variable to
- _rl_get_string_variable_value
- - new bindable variable, completion-prefix-display-length. When
- displaying possible completions, matches with a common prefix
- longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with an
- ellipsis
- - support for retrieving value of completion-prefix-display-length
- variable to _rl_get_string_variable_value
- - new bindable variable, revert-all-at-newline: if enabled, causes
- all changes in history lines to be undone before readline returns
- after processing a newline
-
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi}
- - document new `completion-prefix-display-length' variable
- - document new `revert-all-at-newline' variable
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - change execute_builtin to not inherit the `-e' flag into commands
- executed by the `command' or `source/.' builtins if we are supposed
- to be ignoring the return value. This is like `eval'. Fixes bug
- reported by Hiroshi Fujishima <hirobo@tonteki.org>
-
- 5/10
- ----
-variables.c
- - when reading the initial environment, don't create variables with
- names that are not valid shell identifiers. Fixes bug reported by
- Stephane Chazleas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
-
- 5/13
- ----
-subst.c
- - fix string_quote_removal to gracefully handle the case where a
- backslash is the final character in the string (leaves the backslash
- in place). Fixes bug reported by Ian Robertson
- <iroberts@u.washington.edu>
-
- 5/16
- ----
-support/checkbashisms
- - Perl script that purports to check for bash-specific features in a
- shell script. Lifted from Debian via ubuntu
-
- 5/20
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - in update_line, when deciding whether or not to adjust _rl_last_c_pos
- in a multibyte environment after printing the last line of a multiline
- prompt with invisible characters on the first and last lines, use
- the number of inivisible chars on the first line in the calculation
- deciding whether or not we're past the last invisible character and
- need to adjust the cursor position. Old code used the number of
- invisible chars on the last prompt line. Fixes bug reported by
- stuff@slinkp.com.
- - in update_line, when fixing _rl_last_c_pos after drawing the first
- line of the prompt, use the number of invisible chars on the first
- line as the offset, instead of the total number of invisible chars
- - use prompt_multibyte_characters, the number of multibyte chars in
- the prompt string, to short-circuit some relatively expensive
- multibyte text processing in rl_redisplay
-
- 5/21
- ----
-variables.c
- - new function, reinit_special_variables(), a hook for special
- vars that need their hook functions called when they're unset as
- a result of the shell reinitializing itself to run a script
-
-shell.c
- - shell_reinitialize now calls reinit_special_variables
- - shell_reinitialize now calls bashline_reset
-
-variables.h
- - new extern declaration for reinit_special_variables
-
-bashline.c
- - new function, bashline_reset(), called when the shell reinitializes
- in shell_reinitialize. Right now, just resets
- bash_readline_initialized to 0.
-
-bashline.h
- - new extern declaration for bashline_reset()
-
- 5/23
- ----
-bashhist.c
- - new function, bash_clear_history, clears the history and resets any
- associated internal bash state
-
-bashhist.h
- - extern declaration for bash_clear_history
-
-builtins/history.def
- - call bash_clear_history instead of clear_history for `history -c'.
- Fixes part of problem reported by Scott McDermott
- <scott.m.mcdermott@gmail.com>
- - decrement history_lines_this_session in delete_histent, called for
- `history -d'
-
-builtins/history.def,bashhist.[ch]
- - move delete_histent() to bashhist.c; rename to bash_delete_histent
- - move delete_last_history() to bashhist.c; rename to
- bash_delete_last_history()
-
- 5/25
- ----
-braces.c
- - add another parameter to mkseq(), the number of digits to put into
- each member of a numeric sequence (width), changes to determine
- any zero-padding go into expand_seqterm
- - changes to expand_seqterm to allow user-specified increments
-
-bashline.[ch],shell.c,sig.c
- - switched names of bashline_reinitialize and bashline_reset to better
- reflect their functions
- - when searching $PATH for directories to use for command completion,
- make sure to free `current_path' before going out of scope
- - new bindable function `dabbrev-expand', which is more or less
- menu completion using dynamic history completion as the generator
- - changes to bash_execute_unix_command to set variables for the
- executed command like programmable completion: READLINE_LINE
- (rl_line_buffer) and READLINE_POINT (rl_point)
- - change to bash_execute_unix_command to allow the executed command
- to change the readline line buffer by modifying the value of
- READLINE_LINE and to change rl_point by modifying the value of
- READLINE_POINT
-
-common.h
- - new SEVAL_ defines for later parse_string changes from 4.0-devel
- branch
-
-command.h
- - new defines for new &>> r_append_err_and_out redirection
-
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - new function, parse_string, parses a command from a passed string
- and returns the number of characters consumed. For satisfying
- Posix rules when parsing command substitutions, from bash-4.0-devel
- branch
- - split out common prolog code from parse_string and
- parse_and_execute into a separate function called from both
-
-parse.y
- - small changes to add symbols needed for parse_string
- - parser change to add `|&' as synonym for `2>&1 |'; translation is
- performed at parse time so |& never shows up in output of
- print_command, for instance. Picked up from zsh, merged in from
- bash-4.0-devel branch
-
-parse.y,{redir,copy_cmd,dispose_cmd,make_cmd,print_cmd}.c
- - implement new &>> r_append_err_and_out (like >>foo 2>&1); merged
- in from bash-4.0-devel branch
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi},lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
- - document new optional increment in brace expansion
- - document new zero-padded fixed-width integer brace expansion
- - document new `dabbrev-expand' bindable readline command
- - document new effects of `bind -x' setting and reading the values of
- READLINE_LINE and READLINE_POINT
- - document new |& synonym for `2>&1 |' pipeline operator
-
- 5/26
- ----
-parse.y - recognize new ;& and ;;& case action list terminator tokens and
- implement them in the grammar, setting CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH and
- CASEPAT_TESTNEXT flags as appropriate
-
-print_cmd.c
- - print new ;& and ;;& case clause action list terminators as
- appropriate
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - implement new case clause action list terminators:
- ;& - fall through to actions associated with next pattern list
- ;;& - fall through to tests in next pattern list
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new ;& and ;;& case clause action list terminators
-
- 5/28
- ----
-jobs.c
- - change waitchld so it treats SIGCHLD like SIGINT if `wait' is being
- executed, and allows wait to jump out before running any trap set
- on SIGCHLD. Fixes debian bug #483016 reported by Miroslav Rudisin
- <miero@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>
- - run_sigchld_trap is no longer static, so the trap code in trap.c
- can call it
- - change run_sigchld_trap to call set_impossible_sigchld_trap instead
- of just using a call to restore_default_signal
-
-jobs.h
- - new extern declaration for run_sigchld_trap
-
-trap.c
- - fix run_pending_traps to run a SIGCHLD trap if the trap handler isn't
- set to IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER
- - in trap_handler, don't reset the SIGCHLD trap handler to trap_handler
- if MUST_REINSTALL_SIGHANDLERS is defined
- - new function, set_impossible_sigchld_handler, sets the trap string
- associated with SIGCHLD to IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER; used as a sentinel
- by run_sigchld_trap and maybe_set_sigchld_handler
- - change maybe_set_sigchld_handler to set the SIGCHLD trap string only
- if the current value is IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER. This ensures that
- any traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler will persist. Fixes
- debian bug #483016 reported by Miroslav Rudisin
- <miero@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>
-
-trap.h
- - new extern declaration for set_impossible_sigchld_trap
-
- 5/31
- ----
-parse.y
- - new function: parse_comsub(), parses $(...) by parsing command
- between parens and making sure the next token is `)'. From
- the bash-4.0-devel branch
- - new function: xparse_dolparen, helper function for parsing
- command substitutions in $(...). Called from subst.c to extract
- a command substitution during word expansion. From bash-4.0-devel
- branch
- - new function: rewind_input_stream(). Rewinds bash_input.location.string
- back to where it was before the shell parsed a $() command
- substitution. From bash-4.0-devel branch
- - changes to parse_matched_pair to combine most of the flag variables
- (was_dollar, in_comment, and so on) into a local flags word
-
- 6/2
- ---
-parse.y
- - call trim_pathname, which retains only the last $PROMPT_DIRTRIM
- directories and replaces the intervening characters with `...',
- when expanding \w and \W
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document the effect of setting PROMPT_DIRTRIM
-
- 6/3
- ---
-builtins/ulimit.def
- - make the multiplier (block size) for -c and -f 512 bytes only if in
- Posix mode and 1024 bytes otherwise (as in previous versions). Uses
- POSIXBLK and BLOCK_SIZE defines to parameterize size based on value
- of posixly_correct
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - document this addition to posix mode
-
-builtins/common.c
- - change get_numeric_arg to have a calling sequence and return value
- more closely mimicking general.c:legal_number(), with the addition
- of a flags word
- - add extra value for `fatal' argument to get_numeric_arg to force it
- to return failure to the caller rather than longjmping
-
-builtins/common.h
- - change prototype declaration for get_numeric_arg
-
-builtins/{break,shift}.def
- - change calls to get_numeric_arg to deal with new semantics and calling
- sequence
-
-builtins/history.def
- - display_history now returns an int
- - change calling sequence for get_numeric_arg in display_history
- - display_history now returns failure to the caller if get_numeric_arg
- detects an invalid number, rather than jumping back to the top level
- - use value returned by display_history as return status of history
- builtin, filtered through sh_chkwrite
- - history no longer aborts compound commands on invalid arguments.
- fixes problem reported by Chu Li <chul@cn.fujitsu.com>
-
-{braces,subst}.c
- - extract_command_subst now takes a third flags argument; passed flags
- are ORd into flags passed to other functions; changed callers
-
-subst.h
- - move SX_* defines here from subst.c so parse.y:xparse_dolparen can
- see them and behave appropriately
- - extract_command_subst now takes a third flags argument; change
- prototype
-
-subst.c
- - change extract_command_subst to call xparse_dolparen when extracting
- a $() construct
- - change calls to extract_delimited_string to extract_command_subst
- as appropriate
- - if command_substitute returns a NULL word desc, don't call
- dispose_word_desc on it
-
-parse.y
- - change xparse_dolparen to use the SX_* flags now in subst.h
-
- 6/16
- ----
-subst.c
- - in quote_list, set W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag in the word if quote_string
- turns "" into CTLNUL
- - in dequote_list, turn off W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag in the word if
- dequote_string turns CTLNUL into ""
- - new function, string_list_pos_params, encapsulates everything
- needed to turn the positional parameters or an array indexed with
- '@' or '*' into a string, including taking care of quoting and
- using the first char of $IFS, when used in another expansion like
- pattern removal or pattern substitution
- - change list_remove_pattern, pos_params, pos_params_pat_subst to
- call string_list_pos_params. Fixes problems reported by
- Stephane Chazelas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
-
- 6/22
- ----
-variables.h
- - include assoc.h for associative arrays
- - defines for case-modifying expansions and associative array variables
- - sh_var_assign_func_t functions now take an extra char * parameter
-
- 6/25
- ----
-variables.c
- - change declarations and definitions of sh_var_assign_func_t functions
- to add the extra char * parameter: null_assign, null_array_assign,
- assign_seconds, assign_random, assign_lineno, assign_subshell,
- assign_dirstack
- - change calls to var->assign_func to add extra char * argument
- - broke part of body of dispose_variable out into a new function,
- dispose_variable_value, which knows how to free all kinds of shell
- variable data
- - changes to deal with variables with the internal `nofree' attribute
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - change calls to var->assign_func to add extra char * argument
- - bind_array_var_internal now takes an extra `char *key' argument
- - additions for associative array implementation; from bash-4.0-devel
- tree
-
-arrayfunc.[ch],subst.c
- - expand_compound_array_assignment now takes the variable as the first
- argument (SHELL_VAR *); changed function definition and callers
-
-builtins/set.def
- - changes to handle associative arrays in `unset'
-
-{execute_cmd,command}.h
- - definitions for coproc implementation; from bash-4.0-devel tree
-
-variables.c
- - new functions for associative arrays: make_new_assoc_variable,
- make_local_assoc_variable
-
- 6/26
- ----
-variables.c
- - more infrastructure for associative arrays; from bash-4.0-devel tree
- - infrastructure for handling assignments to variables with
- case-modifying attributes; from bash-4.0-devel tree
-
-config.h.in
- - add #defines controlling case-modifying variable attributes and word
- expansions
-
-configure.in
- - add enable options for case-modifying variable attributes and word
- expansions (--enable-casemod-attributes and --enable-casemod-expansions,
- respectively); from bash-4.0-devel tree
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - add code to fix_assignment_words to handle assignment statements to
- "assignment builtins" that seem to be associative arrays. Imperfect
-
-subst.c
- - array_remove_pattern now takes a SHELL_VAR * as its first argument
- instead of an ARRAY *; from the bash-4.0-devel tree
- - changes to array_length_reference for associative arrays; from the
- bash-4.0-devel tree
- - changes to get_var_and_type for associative arrays; from the
- bash-4.0-devel tree
- - changes to parameter_brace_substring for associative arrays; from the
- bash-4.0-devel tree
- - changes to param_expand for associative arrays; from the
- bash-4.0-devel tree
-
-builtins/declare.def
- - changes for associative arrays: new `-A' option, changes to make
- local and global associative array variables; from the bash-4.0-devel
- tree
-
- 6/27
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - in execute_command_internal, when short-circuiting execution
- because `breaking' or `continuing' is non-zero, preserve the exit
- status by returning `last_command_exit_value' instead of an
- unconditional EXECUTION_SUCCESS. Fixes bug reported by Roman
- Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com>
-
- 6/28
- ----
-variables.c
- - fix get_var_and_type to appropriately handle references like
- ${varname[0]}, where `varname' is a scalar variable
-
-make_cmd.[ch],parse.y
- - make_here_document now takes a second argument: the current line
- number; changed caller (gather_here_documents)
-
-builtins/setattr.def
- - added support for associative arrays and the `-A' variable attribute
- option; from the bash-4.0-devel tree
-
-subst.c
- - change code that transforms `declare -A xxx=(yyy)' to perform the
- internal `declare -A xxx' before doing the variable assignment,
- because associative arrays have to be declared before being assigned
- to as such; uses new function make_internal_declare
-
- 6/30
- ----
-subst.[ch]
- - dequote_escapes is now external; add declaration in subst.h
- - remove_quoted_nulls is now external; add declaration in subst.h
-
-array.[ch]
- - new functions for completeness: array_dequote, array_dequote_escapes,
- array_remove_quoted_nulls
- - array_subrange now calls array_remove_quoted_nulls for "${array[*]}".
- Fixes bug reported by Vitor De Araujo <ux386@yahoo.com.br>
- - array_patsub now calls array_remove_quoted_nulls for "${array[*]}"
- - array_modcase now calls array_remove_quoted_nulls for "${array[*]}"
- - array_patsub now handles the mflags&MATCH_QUOTED case appropriately
- (that implies "${array[@]}")
-
-subst.c
- - new functions for case-modifying word expansion suppport:
- pos_params_casemod, parameter_brace_casemod; from bash-4.0-devel branch
-
-assoc.c
- - new functions for completeness: assoc_remove_quoted_nulls
- - assoc_patsub now calls assoc_remove_quoted_nulls for "${assoc[*]}"
- - assoc_modcase now calls assoc_remove_quoted_nulls for "${array[*]}"
- - assoc_patsub now handles the mflags&MATCH_QUOTED case appropriately
- (that implies "${assoc[@]}")
-
- 7/1
- ---
-assoc.[ch]
- - new function, assoc_subrange: takes a hash table, converts it to a
- word list, and performs the subrange and indexing on that list
- - new functions for completeness: assoc_dequote, assoc_dequote_escapes
-
-subst.c
- - verify_substring_values now takes the variable SHELL_VAR * as its
- new first argument; changed callers
- - change verify_substring_values to handle associative arrays using the
- number of elements as the upper bound
- - brought in code to do case-modifying word expansions from
- bash-4.0-devel branch, conditional on CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS
-
-input.c
- - if the read(2) in getc_with_restart returns -1/EAGAIN, turn off
- non-blocking mode on the file descriptor and try again. Fixes
- problem reported by Glynn Clements <glynn@clements.plus.com>
-
- 7/2
- ---
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - documented new case-modifying word expansions
-
-make_cmd.c
- - change make_here_document to display a warning message including the
- start line of a here document if it ends up delimited by EOF.
- Addresses issue raised by Richard Neill <rn214@hermes.cam.ac.uk>
-
-subst.c
- - in do_assignment_internal, make sure the `invisible' attribute is
- unset before returning success
-
- 7/3
- ---
-config-top.h
- - add `CASEMOD_CAPCASE' define to include or exclude the ~[~] word
- expansion and the `capcase' variable attribute (declare -c)
-
-builtins/declare.def
- - add support for manipulating the case-modifying attributes (new
- declare -clu); from bash-4.0-devel branch
-
-builtins/setattr.def
- - add support for reporting case-modifying attributes (-clu attributes);
- from bash-4.0-devel branch
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - specify that the read builtin timing out results in a return value
- greater than 128
- - document new `-l' and `-u' options to declare/typeset/local. Leave
- `-c' undocumented for now
-
- 7/4
- ---
-make_cmd.[ch]
- - make_coproc_command: construct a coproc; from bash-4.0-devel tree
-
-dispose_cmd.c
- - dispose coproc command; from bash-4.0-devel tree
-
-copy_cmd.c
- - copy a coproc command; from bash-4.0-devel tree
-
-print_cmd.c
- - print a coproc command; from bash-4.0-devel tree
-
-shell.c
- - dispoe the current coproc on shell exit; from bash-4.0-devel tree
-
-redir.c
- - when closing redirects as part of user redirections, check whether
- or not active coprocess fds are being closed and close the coproc
- if so; from bash-4.0-devel tree
-
-config.h.in
- - add define for COPROCESS_SUPPORT to include coprocesses
-
-configure.in
- - add support for configuring coprocesses into and out of the build
-
-jobs.c
- - in waitchld, check whether or not a coproc processs has exited;
- from the bash-4.0-devel tree
-
- 7/5
- ---
-doc/bashref.texi
- - document new --enable-coprocesses option that includes coprocess
- support
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - add functions for coprocess support, including execute_coproc and
- code to call it when command->type == cm_coproc; from
- bash-4.0-devel tree
-
-lib/sh/fdprintf.c
- - new library function fdprintf(int fd, const char *format, ...);
- printf to a file descriptor
-
-{configure,config.h}.in
- - support for detecting fdprintf and compiling in replacement
-
-Makefile.in,lib/sh/Makefile.in
- - add rules to include fdprintf.o
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - documented coprocesses and `coproc' reserved word
-
- 7/7
- ---
-subst.c
- - fix array_length_reference to use MB_STRLEN instead of STRLEN, so
- multibyte characters in array values are computed correctly. Fixes
- bug reported by Wang Xin <wxinee@gmail.com>
-
- 7/10
- ----
-jobs.c
- - new function, maybe_give_terminal_to (old, new, flags), sets the
- terminal pgrp to NEW if and only if it's currently set to OLD
- - call maybe_give_terminal_to when the parent sets the terminal pgrp
- to the pipeline pgrp in stop_pipeline, so we don't give the
- terminal to the new job's pgrp unless it's currently owned by the
- shell. Fixes race condition described by Joe Peterson
- <joe@skyrush.com>, where parent bash may change tty pgrp after a
- grandchild (interactive bash child of su) has changed it to
- something else. The call to maybe_give_terminal_to makes explicit
- a previously-implicit assumption
-
-aclocal.m4
- - remove dependency on writable /tmp by creating directories in
- build directory
-
-shell.c
- - make changes to how bash sets no_line_editing and running_under_emacs
- to deal with various emacs terminal emulators; use better check
- for `eterm', since bash sends $PWD to eterm with control sequences
- that confuse other programs. Problem reported by Micah Cowan
- <micah@cowan.name>
-
-
- 7/12
- ----
-print_cmd.c
- - break code that prints here-documents into two functions:
- print_heredoc_header, which prints the operator and delimiter, and
- print_heredoc_body, which prints the body text and closing delimiter
- - change print_redirection to call print_heredoc_{header,body}
- - sentinel variable, printing_connection, used when printing a command
- of type `connection' (|, &&, ||, etc.)
- - change print_redirection_list to save any here documents it finds
- while printing a connection and save them in `deferred_heredocs'
- - new function, print_deferred_heredocs, called from print_redirection
- in the cm_connection case, calls print_heredoc_header for all the
- here documents, then prints the operator (|, &&, ||, etc.), then
- the here-document body. This preserves syntactic correctness; the
- old code printed the control operator after the body of the here
- document. Fixes bug reported by <buport@figpost.com>
-
- 7/16
- ----
-locale.c
- - in set_locale_var, print a warning message if setlocale() fails any
- time it's called -- required some code restructuring
-
- 7/19
- ----
-support/shobj-conf
- - support for mingw32, contributed by Carlo Bramix
- <carlo.bramix@libero.it>
-
- 7/23
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - added support (currently unused) to manage a list of coprocs
-
- 7/25
- ----
-bashline.c
- - add extern declarations for literal_history and force_append_history
-
-builtins/shopt.def
- - include "bashhist.h" instead of having extern declarations for the
- appropriate history variables
-
-parser.h
- - new parser_state value: PST_HEREDOC, set when reading body of here-
- document in parse.y:read_secondary_line
-
-parse.y
- - set PST_HEREDOC bit in parser_state when reading a secondary line
- for the body of a here-document
- - change read_secondary_line to save lines in the body of a here-
- document in the shell history list if remember_on_history is
- set. Fixes bug reported by Gene Golub <gene_golub@hotmail.com>
-
- 8/4
- ---
-configure.in
- - changed to 4.0-alpha
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - changed constants to reflect readline-6.0 version
-
- 8/11
- ----
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - make sure we don't use SIGWINCH without checking whether or not it's
- defined. Fix from Pedro Alves <pedro@codesourcery.com>
-
- 8/12
- ----
-
-COPYING
- - updated to GPLv3; edits in every file with a copyright or license
- declaration to update to gpl3
-
-version.c
- - update extended version info to latest gnu standard
-
- 8/17
- ----
-subst.c
- - change exp_jump_to_top_level to only call top_level_cleanup if
- parse_and_execute_level is 0. If it's not, the longjmp to
- parse_and_execute will run the unwind-protect stack. Fixes bug
- most recently reported by Roman Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com>
-
- 8/18
- ----
-support/config.{guess,sub}
- - updated to newer versions from autoconf-2.62 distribution
-
- 8/20
- ----
-subst.c
- - fixed parameter_brace_substring to differentiate between indexed and
- associative arrays when computing second offset, instead of
- assuming indexed array
-
- 8/21
- ----
-support/xcase.c
- - simple program to convert input from lower to uppercase and vice
- versa. Now used by coproc test suite, since `tr -u' is not
- portable.
-
- 8/22
- ----
-doc/bash.1
- - fixed description of the bindable edit-and-execute commands to note
- they check $VISUAL first, instead of $FCEDIT. Fixed bug reported
- by
-
-[bash-4.0-alpha frozen]
-
- 8/28
- ----
-[bash-4.0-alpha released]
-
- 9/1
- ---
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - fixed typo in parse_string (ostring used uninitialized). Bug
- reported by Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
-
-subst.c
- - fix return value of parameter_brace_expand to set the
- W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag in the returned WORD_DESC * if the return value
- from parameter_brace_remove_pattern is a quoted null string. Fixes
- bug reported by Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
- - set the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag in the return value from
- parameter_brace_expand if the return value from parameter_brace_patsub
- is a quoted null string
-
- 9/6
- ---
-builtins/read.def
- - change read -t 0 to return success if there is input available to be
- read -- allows scripts to poll for input. Uses input_avail libsh
- function
-
- 9/9
- ---
-externs.h
- - fix extern fpurge declaration -- use HAVE_DECL_FPURGE instead of
- NEED_FPURGE_DECL, since the former is set by `configure'
-
-jobs.h
- - add extern declaration for close_pgrp_pipe
- - add a new job state JNONE (-1) to the enum
-
-jobs.c
- - include execute_cmd.h for extern declarations for coproc functions
-
-subst.c
- - include builtins/builtext.h for extern declarations for functions
- implementing builtins (e.g., declare_builtin)
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - include "pathexp.h" for extern declaration for glob_char_p
-
-braces.c
- - add extern declaration for `asprintf'
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - add extern declarations for _rl_trace, _rl_tropen
-
-lib/sh/zgetline.c
- - add extern declarations for zread, zreadc
-
-lib/sh/mktime.c
- - include "bashansi.h" for string function declarations
-
-builtins/common.h
- - add extern declaration for parse_string
-
-trap.c
- - include jobs.h for extern declaration for run_sigchld_trap
-
-general.c
- - fix call to strtoimax in legal_number; if ep == string when function
- returns, the number was not converted, even if errno is not set.
- Fix from Paul Jarc <prj@case.edu>
-
- 9/11
- ----
-[prayers for the victims of 9/11/2001]
-
-builtins/return.def
- - call no_options, as Posix requires. This also has the effect of
- disallowing negative return values unless they're prefixed by `--'
-
- 9/13
- ----
-builtins/bind.def
- - add an error message when bind is used without line editing active,
- instead of just returning an error status
-
-variables.c
- - make sure make_local_variable never creates visible variables with
- a value, whether or not a variable with the same name existed in a
- previous context. This is consistent with ksh93. Fix from
- <neil@s-z.org>
-
- 9/16
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - add call to CHECK_TERMSIG in shell_execve after the call to execve
- returns. Recommended by Roman Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com>
- - add QUIT check in execute_connection after executing first command
- in a `&' connection
-
- 9/22
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - new semaphore variable, executing_list, incremented every time a
- list (command1;command2 or command1 || command2 or command1 &&
- command2) is executed; used as sentinel for rest of shell
-
-sig.c,builtins/evalstring.c
- - set executing_list to 0 when throwing execution back to top level;
- make sure to unwind-protect it in appropriate places
-
-jobs.c
- - if a pipeline is killed by SIGINT while executing a list (when
- executing_list is non-zero), make sure the shell acts as if an
- interrupt occurred. The behavior is dependent on the shell
- compatibility level being > 32 (bash-4.0 and above)
-
- 9/23
- ----
-redir.c
- - don't bother reporting an error with a file descriptor, even if
- the errno is EBADF, if the redirection error (e.g., NOCLOBBER)
- can't have anything to do with the fd. Fixes bug reported by
- "David A. Harding" <dave@dtrt.org>, debian bug #499633.
-
- 9/24
- ----
-builtins/declare.def
- - make `declare [option] var' (and the `typeset' equivalent) create
- invisible variables, instead of assigning the null string to a
- visible variable. Fixes bug reported by Bernd Eggink <monoped@sudrala.de>
-
- 9/25
- ----
-builtins/common.[ch]
- - new function, builtin_warning(), like builtin_error but for warning
- messages
-
-builtins/bind.def
- - experimental: print a warning, but go on, if line editing not active
- when bind is invoked. Suggested by Rocky Bernstein
- <rocky.bernstein@gmail.com>
-
- 10/3
- ----
-test.c
- - use same_file instead of directly comparing st_dev and st_ino when
- comparing files in filecomp(). From mingw32 patches submitted
- by Hector Chu <hkcc2@cantab.net>
-
- 10/4
- ----
-
-redir.c
- - in redirection_error(), use `error' instead of errno when comparing
- against EBADF. From mingw32 patches submitted by Hector Chu
- <hkcc2@cantab.net>
-
-shell.c
- - in unset_bash_input(), reset bash_input.type to st_none after
- closing the default buffered fd. From mingw32 patches submitted
- by Hector Chu <hkcc2@cantab.net>
-
-builtins/cd.def
- - ignore CDPATH when in privileged mode. Suggested by Paul Jarc
- <prj@po.cwru.edu>
-
-variables.c
- - change sv_globignore to only act if privileged mode is not enabled.
- Suggested by Paul Jarc <prj@po.cwru.edu>
-
-doc/bash.1,bashref.texi
- - document new treatment of CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE when privileged
- mode is enabled
-
-builtins/read.def
- - change prompt printing to occur after terminal is set to no-echo
- mode. Based on suggestion from Stephane Chazelas
- <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - new variables to keep track of special characters corresponding to
- SIGINT, SIGQUIT, and SIGTSTP
- - new variable to keep track of whether tty is echoing control
- characters corresponding to SIGINT, SIGQUIT, and SIGTSTP
- - new function, _rl_echo_signal_char(int sig) to display the tty
- special char generating SIGINT, SIGQUIT, or SIGTSTP. Based on
- idea and code from Joe Peterson <joe@skyrush.com>
- - call rl_echo_signal_char in rl_signal_handler: if the terminal
- settings indicate it, readline will echo characters that generate
- keyboard signals
-
-lib/readline/rltty.c
- - set _rl_intr_char, _rl_quit_char, and _rl_susp_char to special
- characters that generate signals from keyboard
- - set _rl_echoctl if ECHOCTL tty flag is set
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - extern declarations for _rl_intr_char, _rl_quit_char, and
- _rl_susp_char
- - extern declaration for _rl_echoctl
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - extern declaration for rl_echo_signal_char()
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - document rl_echo_signal_handler(): available for applications
- that install their own signal handlers
-
- 10/5
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - fix errexit logic to not cause the shell to exit when a command in
- a pipeline fails. Fixes bug reported by Marcin Owsiany
- <marcin@owsiany.pl>
-
- 10/14
- -----
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - don't short-circuit execution in parse_and_execute if we want to
- run an exit trap. Fixes bug reported by Steffen Kiess
- <s-kiess@web.de>
-
- 10/18
- -----
-parse.y
- - fix error production to only call YYACCEPT if the shell is currently
- interactive and not in parse_and_execute (so parser errors in
- things like eval will correctly set $?). Fixes bug reported by
- marco-oweber@gmx.de
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - make sure variable name errors in execute_for_command and non-
- identifier function names in execute_intern_function set the
- return status to EX_BADUSAGE (2), not EX_USAGE (258)
-
-parser.h
- - new parser state, PST_REPARSE
-
-parse.y
- - turn PST_REPARSE on in parse_string_to_word_list
- - in parse_matched_pair, if parsing a single-quoted string and
- PST_REPARSE is set, don't requote CTLESC or CTLNUL. Fixes bug with
- compound array assignment using $'\x7f' reported by Antonio Macchi
- <antonio_macchi@alice.it>
-
- 10/23
- -----
-configure.in
- - define LOCAL_LDFLAGS as `-z interpose' on Solaris 8, 9, and 10 to
- allow the bash malloc to interpose the libc malloc when called by
- library functions pre-bound to the libc malloc. Suggested by
- Serge Dussud <Serge.Dussud@Sun.COM>
-
- 10/26
- -----
-doc/bash.1
- - add single-sentence descriptions to rest of parameter expansions.
- Suggested by Ken Irving <fnkci@uaf.edu>
-
- 10/27
- -----
-subst.c
- - rearrange code in skip_to_delims to allow quote characters and other
- shell expansion characters to be delimiters
- - add new flags value for inverting search: skip to the next character
- NOT in the set of delimiters passed as an argument
-
-subst.h
- - define for new SD_INVERT flag value for skip_to_delims
-
- 10/28
- -----
-bashline.c
- - new bindable functions: shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.
- Like forward-word and backward-word, but understand shell quoting
- and use shell metacharacters and whitespace as delimiters.
- Suggested by Andre Majorel <amajorel@teaser.fr>
- - new bindable functions: shell-kill-word and shell-backward-kill-word.
- Like kill-word and backward-kill-word, but understand shell quoting
- and use shell metacharacters and whitespace as delimiters.
- Suggested by Andre Majorel <amajorel@teaser.fr>
-
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
- - documented shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word
- - documented shell-kill-word and shell-backward-kill-word
-
- 11/1
- ----
-redir.c
- - add extra argument to add_undo_redirect: fdbase. FD used to save
- a file descriptor must be > fdbase if fdbase >= SHELL_FD_BASE. A
- value of -1 for fdbase means to just use SHELL_FD_BASE. Fixes bug
- with 0<&10 reported by Clark Jian Wang <dearvoid@gmail.com>
-
- 11/5
- ----
-unwind_prot.c
- - new function: have_unwind_protects(); returns 1 if unwind_protect_list
- is not empty
-
-unwind_prot.h
- - extern declaration for have_unwind_protects
-
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - in parse_and_execute_cleanup, make sure that we don't call
- run_unwind_frame and expect it to decrement parse_and_execute_level
- if there's no unwind_protect_list, since there's a while loop in
- throw_to_top_level that calls parse_and_execute_cleanup as long as
- parse_and_execute_level is non-zero
-
- 11/9
- ----
-variables.c
- - fix the assign function for COMP_WORDBREAKS to allocate new memory
- to store as the variable's value, to avoid freeing memory twice
- if the variable is unset after rl_completer_word_break_characters
- is freed and reallocated. Fix from Mike Stroyan <mike@stroyan.net
-
- 11/11
- -----
-bashline.c
- - new function to reset the value of rl_completer_word_break_characters
- while honoring setting of `hostcomplete': reset_completer_word_break_chars.
-
-bashline.h
- - new extern declaration for reset_completer_word_break_chars.
-
-variables.c
- - call reset_completer_word_break_chars in sv_comp_wordbreaks when the
- variable is unset
-
-[bash-4.0-beta frozen]
-
- 11/16
- -----
-subst.c
- - call set_pipestatus_from_exit in exp_jump_to_top_level so that
- failed expansions that set $? will set $PIPESTATUS. Fixes bug
- reported by Eric Blake <ebb9@byu.net>
-
- 11/20
- -----
-general.c
- - new 'file_exists(fn)' primitive; just calls stat(2)
-
-general.h
- - new extern declaration for file_exists
-
-bashline.c
- - add `~' to rl_filename_quote_characters so make_quoted_replacement
- will call bash_quote_filename for words containing `~'. Then
- bash_quote_filename can make choices based on that
- - change quote_word_break_chars to backslash-quote the tilde in a
- filename with a leading tilde that exists in the current directory,
- since we want to inhibit tilde expansion in this case
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - call file_isdir from shell_execve instead of stat(2) directly
-
-bashhist.c
- - use file_exists and file_isdir primitives instead of calling stat
-
- 11/21
- -----
-redir.c
- - When undoing saving of non-standard file descriptors (>=3) using
- file descriptors >= SHELL_FD_BASE, we set the saving fd to be
- close-on-exec and use a flag (RX_SAVCLEXEC) to decide how to set
- close-on-exec when the fd is restored. Set flag in add_undo_redirect,
- check in do_redirection_internal. Fixes problem reported by Andreas
- Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
-
- 11/26
- -----
-subst.c
- - fix param_expand to have expansions of $@ and $* exit the shell if
- there are no positional parameters and `set -u' is enabled. Fixes
- bug reported by Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org>
-
- 11/27
- -----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - fix update_line to not call space_to_eol if current cursor position
- (_rl_last_c_pos) indicates that we're already at end of line.
- Partial fix for bug reported by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
- - in update_line, don't call insert_some_chars if that will start
- before the last invisible character in the prompt string and not
- draw the entire prompt string. More of the partial fix for bug
- reported by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
- - fix update_line to adjust _rl_last_c_pos by wrap_offset when adding
- characters beginning before the last invisible character in the
- prompt. New code is same as previously existed in a different code
- path. Rest of fix for bug from Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
- - fix assignment of newline breaks (inv_lbreaks) to correctly account
- for prompts longer than two screen lines containing invisible
- characters. The assumption is that part of the invisible characters
- are on the first line (prompt_invis_chars_first_line) and the
- remainder are on the last (wrap_offset - prompt_invis_chars_first_line).
- Fix is in rl_redisplay. part of fix for bug reported by
- "Wesley J. Landaker" <wjl@icecavern.net> in
- http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=265182
- [TENTATIVE]
- - fix _rl_move_cursor_relative to correctly offset `dpos' by `woff'
- when there are invisible characters on lines after the second by
- using (_rl_screenwidth*_rl_last_v_pos) when seeing whether or not
- we just wrote some invisible characters. Rest of fix for bug
- reported in http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=265182
- [TENTATIVE]
-
- 12/11
- -----
-sig.c
- - reset the execution context before running the exit trap in
- termsig_handler
-
-general.c
- - set and unset terminate_immediately like interrupt_immediately in
- bash_tilde_expand
-
-builtins/read.def
- - change terminate_immediately to a counter instead of a flag, as
- interrupt_immediately is used
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - slight change to fix from 11/27 to deal with prompts longer than a
- screen line where the invisible characters all appear after the
- line wrap. Fixes bug reported by Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
-
-builtins/{echo,printf}.def
- - increment terminate_immediately at entry; decrement before returning.
- Fix for bug reported by Ralf.Wildenhues@gmx.de
-
- 12/16
- -----
-subst.c
- - fix off-by-one error in /dev/fd version of add_fifo_list; make
- sure we add to totfds when it is == fd, not just when fd > totfds.
- Fixes bug reported by marciso@gmail.com
-
-[bash-4.0-beta2 frozen]
-
- 12/29
- -----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document more clearly that when not in Posix mode, command
- substitution does not inherit the -e option. From bug report from
- Freddy Vulto <fvulto@gmail.com>
-
-{execute_cmd,sig,builtins/evalstring}.c
- - sentinel variable to keep track of whether or not we're supposed to
- ignore the failure status of a command executed in a command
- substitution even if the `-e' option is set: comsub_ignore_return
- - increment and decrement comsub_ignore_return in execute_simple_command
- before calling expand_words
- - in parse_and_execute, if comsub_ignore_return is non-zero and the
- SUBSHELL_COMSUB bit is set in subshell_environment, enable the
- CMD_IGNORE_RETURN flag in every command executed from the passed
- string. Fixes problem reported by Freddy Vulto <fvulto@gmail.com>
- - make sure to reset comsub_ignore_return every time we throw to the
- top level, like executing_list flag
-
- 1/2/2009
- --------
-parse.y
- - fix to rewind_input_stream to handle case of $(...) command
- substitution followed by a quoted literal newline. Report and fix
- from Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
-
- 1/7
- ---
-
-subst.c
- - fix match_wpattern and match_upattern to prefix a `*' to the
- pattern even if it starts with a `*(' (if extglob is enabled)
- before checking whether or not it can match anywhere in the
- string. Fixes bug reported by os@sernet.de.
-
-[bash-4.0-rc1 frozen]
-
- 1/9
- ---
-locale.c
- - since setlocale() doesn't set errno to anything meaningful,
- don't include the strerror() result in the error message if
- it fails
- - make sure the error messages printed when setlocale fails are
- localizable
-
- 1/11
- ----
-lib/readline/histexpand.c
- - make sure that every time history_no_expand_chars is tested, we
- also call the history_inhibit_expansion_function if it's set.
- Fixes bug reported by Yang Zhang <yanghatespam@gmail.com>
-
- 1/12
- ----
-trap.c
- - make sure to call parse_and_execute with the SEVAL_RESETLINE bit
- set in the flags so it will reset the line number when running
- the trap commands. Partial fix for bug reported by
- peter360@fastmail.us
-
- 1/14
- ----
-builtins/reserved.def
- - document `coproc' so it can be used with `help' builtin. Pointed
- out by Pierre Gaston <pgas@freeshell.org>
-
-lib/sh/casemod.c
- - added two new flags: CASE_UPFIRST and CASE_LOWFIRST to casemod
- the first character of the passed string and pass the rest
- through unchanged. Fixes bug reported by Jan Schampera
- <jan.schampera@web.de>
-
-externs.h
- - new defines for CASE_UPFIRST and CASE_LOWFIRST
-
-subst.c
- - use CASE_UPFIRST for ^ and CASE_LOWFIRST for , casemod operators
-
-builtins/mapfile.def
- - call zreset() before calling first zgetline(), to clean out any
- remaining data in local buffer used by zreadc. Fixes bug
- reported by Pierre Gaston <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
-
- 1/15
- ----
-lib/sh/zread.c
- - renamed zreadintr to zreadretry -- not perfect, but better
- - new functions: zreadintr, which just calls read so it can be
- interruptible, and zreadcintr, which is like zreadc but uses
- zreadintr to fill the buffer
-
-lib/sh/zgetline.c
- - in zgetline, when zread/zreadc return <= 0, make sure line is
- non-null before assigning to line[nr]
-
-builtins/mapfile.def
- - return an error right away if the supplied array variable name
- refers to a readonly or noassign array
- - set interrupt_immediately so calls to zgetline can be
- interrupted. Fixes bug reported by Pierre Gaston
- <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
- - if interactive, pass the SEVAL_INTERACT and SEVAL_NOHIST flags
- to parse_and_execute when calling callbacks. Fixes bug reported
- by Pierre Gaston <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
- - add `readarray' as a synonym for mapfile
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document behavior of mapfile builtin adding index of array element
- to be assigned as additional argument to callback string. Reported
- by Pierre Gaston <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
- - document readarray as synonym for mapfile
-
-builtins/common.c
- - new error function, sh_ttyerror(set), prints an error message having
- to do with setting or getting terminal attributes
-
-builtins/read.def
- - print error message if read fails to set terminal attributes
-
- 1/16
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - new function, coproc_reap, calls coproc_dispose if sh_coproc is
- marked as COPROC_DEAD
- - new function, cpl_reap, disposes coprocs marked as COPROC_DEAD
- from coproc list
- - change coproc_pidchk to just mark the coproc as dead instead of
- calling coproc_dispose, so we don't call unsafe functions from
- a signal handler. Fixes bug reported by Andreas Schwab
- <schwab@suse.de>
-
-execute_cmd.h
- - new extern declaration for coproc_reap
-
-command.h
- - new flags for c_flags member of a struct coproc
-
-{jobs,nojobs}.c
- - add call to coproc_reap in cleanup_dead_jobs, which will do the
- right queueing or blocking of SIGCHLD
-
-trap.c
- - modify change from 1/12 to not reset the line number when running
- the DEBUG and RETURN traps
-
- 1/18
- ----
-lib/sh/casemod.c
- - change default operations to work on entire passed string instead
- of breaking into words at non-alpha-numerics. Use new
- CASE_USEWORDS flag to enable by-word behavior. Fixes bug reported
- by Jan Schampera <jan.schampera@web.de>
-
-builtins/printf.def
- - in vbprintf, bracket each call to vsnprintf (which uses the args
- passed to vbprintf) with SH_VA_START and va_end, so we can
- reninitialize the argument list for each call. This is actually
- what the C standard requires. Fixes bug that caused printf -b
- to `ignore' first % format specifier if it came first in the
- string. Reported by David Leverton <levertond@googlemail.com>
-
-builtins/mapfile.def
- - start the line count at 1, since it doesn't get incremented before
- (or after) reading the first line, so things like
- `mapfile -n 5 -c 1 -C 'echo foo' array < file' work right and call
- the callback after the first line is read. Fixes bug reported by
- Pierre Gaston <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
-
- 1/22
- ----
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - set _rl_interrupt_immediately non-zero before reading from the file
- system or calling an application-defined completion function
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - renamed rl_signal_handler to _rl_handle_signal; new version of
- rl_signal_handler that just calls _rl_handle_signal (for now)
- - new function _rl_signal_handler that calls _rl_handle_signal without
- any checking
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - new extern declaration for _rl_signal_handler
- - new define, RL_CHECK_SIGNALS, checks whether or not _rl_caught_signal
- is set and calls _rl_signal_handler if so
-
-lib/readline/{bind,input,readline}.c
- - add RL_CHECK_SIGNALS in appropriate places
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - change rl_signal_handler to set a flag and return rather than
- run through the entire signal handling process. If
- _rl_interrupt_immediately is set, call the signal handling code
- right away instead of setting the flag. Initial fix for crash
- bug reported by Roman Rakus <rrakus@redhat.com>
-
-aclocal.m4
- - new macro, BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T, tests for sig_atomic_t in
- <signal.h>, defines as int if not defined
-
-configure.in
- - call BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T
- - call AC_C_VOLATILE
-
-config.h.in
- - empty define for sig_atomic_t
- - empty define for volatile
-
- 1/27
- ----
-subst.c
- - audit calls to add_character and change to add_ifs_character (which
- quotes characters in $IFS). Affects primarily `:', `=', and `~'.
- Fixes bug reported by Jan Schampera <jan.schampera@web.de>; fix
- suggested by Stephane Chazelas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
-
- 2/1
- ---
-configure.in
- - call AC_C_RESTRICT
-
-config.h.in
- - add empty defintion for `restrict'
-
-pcomplete.c
- - use unwind_protects around call to execute_shell_function in
- gen_shell_function_matches to prevent data corruption if
- throw_to_top_level is called. Bug report and fix from
- werner@suse.de.
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - don't clamp CPU usage at 100% in print_formatted_time. Bug reported
- by Linda Walsh <bash@tlinx.org>
-
- 2/5
- ---
-locale.c
- - in set_locale_var, set errno to 0 before calling setlocale(), and
- print strerror (errno) if setlocale fails and errno ends up non-zero
-
- 2/6
- ---
-configure.in
- - backed out of solaris change from 10/23/2008 (adding `-z interpose'
- to LDFLAGS) due to solaris updates to fix a linker problem.
- Updatted by Serge Dussud <Serge.Dussud@Sun.COM>
-
- 2/12
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - change execute_connection so failure of a pipeline will cause the
- shell to exit if -e is on. From discussion on austin-group
- mailing list
- - change execute_command_internal so failure of a user-specified
- subshell will cause the shell to exit if -e is on. From discussion
- on austin-group mailing list
-
- 2/13
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - clarified description of set -e option to accurately reflect current
- implementation
-
- 2/19
- ----
-print_cmd.c
- - fix print_deferred_heredocs to not print a space if the separator
- string is null
- - change print_deferred_heredocs to set `was_heredoc' after printing
- something
- - change connection printing code to only print the `;' separator
- if we haven't just printed a here-document
- - change connection printing code to print any deferred here
- documents after the rhs of the connection. Fixes bug reported by
- Bo Andresen <bo.andresen@zlin.dk>
-
-[bash-4.0 frozen]
-
- 2/20
- ----
-
-[bash-4.0 released]
-
- 2/22
- ----
-
-parse.y
- - fix parse_comsub to not test a character for being a possible shell
- metacharacter if LEX_PASSNEXT flag is set. Fixes bug reported by
- Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
-pcomplete.c
- - add call to save_parser_state (accidentally dropped from patch) to
- gen_shell_function_matches. Fixes bug with bash_completion and
- file/directory completion reported by phil@Arcturus.universe
-
-Makefile.in
- - fix assignment to LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD to match those in subdir
- Makefiles. Fixes bug reported by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
-builtins/mapfile.def
- - make sure the callback quantum (-c option argument) is > 0. Fixes
- bug reported by Stephane Chazleas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
-
- 2/23
- ----
-parse.y
- - fix save_token_state and restore_token_state to save and restore
- current_token. Fixes bug reported by Bernd Eggink
- <monoped@sudrala.de>
-
-builtins/exit.def
- - check jobs[i] before checking whether or not it's running when
- the checkjobs option is set and we're looking for running jobs
- at exit. Fixes bug reported by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
- 2/24
- ----
-siglist.c
- - include bashintl.h for definition of _. Fixes bug reported by
- Greg Wooledge <wooledg@eeg.ccf.org>
-
- 2/25
- ----
-subst.c
- - new function, skip_matched_pair. Similar to skip_to_delim and
- the extract_XXX family
- - move skipsubscript here from arrayfunc.c; re-implement in terms of
- skip_matched_pair. Fixes bugs reported by <anmaster@tele2.se>
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - remove skipsubscript; moved to subst.c
-
-parse.y
- - change reset_parser to set current_token to '\n'. Rest of fix for
- bug reported by Bernd Eggink <monoped@sudrala.de>; earlier fix on
- 2/23
-
- 2/26
- ----
-builtins/declare.def
- - when given something like array[x]=y (which sets making_array_special
- to 1), don't convert an associative array to an indexed array (line
- 493). Part of fix for bug reported by Pierre Gaston
- <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
- - if offset == 0, indicating that we do not have a valid assignment,
- make sure any `name' containing a `[' is a valid array reference
- before trying to go on. Not doing this leads to creating crazy
- variables like `name[foo[bar]=bax'. Rest of fix for bug reported
- by Pierre Gaston <pierre.gaston@gmail.com>
-
-assoc.c
- - change assoc_to_assign to single-quote the array keys if `quoted' is
- non-zero. Makes things easier to read with weird characters in the
- key
-
-parse.y
- - fix parse_comsub to not set LEX_HEREDELIM when it sees "<<<". Fixes
- bug reported by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
- 2/27
- ----
-parse.y
- - fix report_syntax_error to set last_command_exit_value to
- EX_BADUSAGE (2) instead of EX_USAGE (258), since there's nothing
- that will translate that to something < 128 before reading the
- next command. Partial fix for bug reported by Mike Frysinger
- <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
-sig.c
- - fix sigint_sighandler to set last_command_exit_value to sig+128
- before calling throw_to_top_level. Rest of fix for bug reported
- by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
-jobs.c
- - if fork() fails, set last_command_exit_value to 126 before calling
- throw_to_top_level
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - defer calling unlink_fifo_list in parent branch of
- execute_disk_command if we're executing in a shell function
- - change execute_function to call unlink_fifo_list before returning
- if it's the top-level function
-
- 3/2
- ---
-builtins/read.def
- - if read times out, make sure we remove the top element from the
- unwind-protect stack (the free of input_string) and run the rest,
- to reset the tty and readline and alarm states. Then we jump to
- assigning the variables to any partial input. Fixes bug reported
- by Christopher F. A. Johnson <cfajohnson@gmail.com>
-
- 3/3
- ---
-parse.y
- - break comment checking code into a common COMMENT_BEGIN define so
- we can use it in multiple places in parse_comsub
- - in parse_comsub, don't alter the LEX_RESWDOK flag if we read a
- `#' and we're checking comments, even though `#' isn't a `shell break'
- character. Fixes bug reported by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
-braces.c
- - in expand_seqterm, decrease the total length of the rhs by the length
- of any (optional) increment, so we don't end up with unwanted zero
- padding because the rhs length is wrong. Fixes bug reported by
- Carl Albing <albing@comcast.net>
-
- 3/4
- ---
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - changes to clean up some of the language describing the effects of
- terminal process groups on the ability to read from and write to
- the terminal
-
- 3/5
- ---
-support/shobj-conf
- - add host_vendor to string tested in switch to handle things like
- gentoo/freebsd
- - beginning with version 7, FreeBSD no longer has /usr/bin/objformat
- or a.out binaries and libraries. It's always ELF. Fix from
- Timothy Redaelli <drizzt@gentoo.org>
-
-parse.y
- - in parse_comsub, allow comments if we are ready to read a
- reserved word (tflags & LEX_RESWDOK), haven't read anything from
- one yet (lex_rwlen == 0) and the current character is a '#'
-
- 3/6
- ---
-parse.y
- - new lex flag for parse_comsub: LEX_INWORD. Turn it off when
- we see a shell break character; turn it on or keep it on when
- not a break character. Keep track of word length (reset to 0
- when we turn on LEX_INWORD when it was off).
- - don't use COMMENT_BEGIN in parse_comsub any more; test
- whether or not LEX_INWORD is set and lex_wlen == 0 in addition
- to tests for LEX_RESWDOK and lex_rwlen. Comments are valid
- when at the start of a word
- - move LEX_PASSNEXT code to the top of parse_comsub, so the rest
- of the function doesn't have to check for the flag at different
- places
-
- 3/7
- ---
-parse.y
- - in parse_comsub, when looking for a reserved word (LEX_RESWDOK
- non-zero), and in a case statement, we can see either an esac
- or a pattern list. We handle an esac separately. We should
- turn off LEX_RESWDOK if we see anything but a newline, since
- we'll be reading a pattern list. Other part of fix for bug
- reported by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> (rest of fix
- on 3/3)
-
- 3/10
- ----
-{.,lib/readline}/doc/fdl.texi
- - updated to FDL version 1.3
-
- 3/11
- ----
-parse.y
- - when using the |& construct with a simple command preceding it, add
- the implicit redirection to the simple command's redirection list,
- since the redirections associated with the command struct are never
- executed. Fixes bug reported by Matt Zyzik <Matt@ice.filescope.com>
-
- 3/14
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - in execute_case_command, if ;& is used with no following pattern
- list, make sure we don't reference a NULL pointer. Bug report and
- fix from Clark Jian Wang <dearvoid@gmail.com>
-
-parse.y
- - make parser_state global, so other files can use it
- - command_word_acceptable now returns non-zero if PST_REDIRLIST bit
- set in parser_state, so we accept assignment statements and
- perform alias expansion. Fix for bug reported by Vincent
- Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.org> (2/24/2009)
-
-parser.h
- - add PST_REDIRLIST flag, notes that parser is currently parsing a
- redirection list preceding a simple command
-
-make_cmd.c
- - make_simple_command now turns on PST_REDIRLIST in parser_state when
- creating a new simple command
- - make_simple_command turns off PST_REDIRLIST in parser_state if it
- adds a non-redirection to the command it's building
- - clean_simple_command turns off PST_REDIRLIST to make sure it's off
-
-subst.c
- - new flag for param_expand: PF_IGNUNBOUND, means to not exit if the
- variable is unbound even if `set -u' is enabled
- - change param_expand to not call err_unboundvar if the `pflags'
- argument has the PF_IGNUNBOUND bit set
- - parameter_brace_expand_word now takes an extra `pflags' argument to
- pass down to param_expand; changed callers
- - changed call to parameter_brace_expand_word in parameter_brace_expand
- to add PF_IGNUNBOUND flag so ${@:-foo} doesn't cause the shell to
- exit (but ${@} does) when there are no positional parameters. Fixes
- Debian bug 519165 from Dan Jacobson <jidanni@jidanni.org>
-
-parse.y
- - add code to parse_comsub to allow here-documents within command
- substitutions to be delimited by the closing right paren, with the
- usual warning about here documents delimited by EOF on execution.
- Fixes regression from bash-3.2 noted in Red Hat bugzilla 485664 by
- Ralf Corsepius
-
- 3/15
- ----
-subst.c
- - string_list_dollar_at now checks for Q_PATQUOTE, which getpattern()
- uses to denote Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES (?). Fixes a=abcd echo "${a#$*}"
- when IFS= and args are `a b' as noted by Stephane Chazleas
- <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
- - param_expand now checks for Q_PATQUOTE and treats it identically
- to Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES when expanding $*
- - expand_word_unsplit now sets W_NOSPLIT in the flags of the word it
- passes to expand_word_internal if $IFS is NULL
- - expand_word_leave_quoted now sets expand_no_split_dollar_star and
- the W_NOSPLIT bit in the word flags before calling
- expand_word_internal if $IFS is NULL, just like expand_word_unsplit.
- It is now virtually identical to expand_word_unsplit. Rest of fix for
- problems reported by Stephane Chazleas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
-
- 3/20
- ----
-trap.c
- - in _run_trap_internal, don't pass SEVAL_RESETLINE as flag to
- parse_and_execute if running the ERR trap (further modification
- of change from 1/12)
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - in execute_simple_command, set line_number to line_number_for_err_trap
- before calling run_error_trap. Part of fix for bug reported by
- Brian J. Murrell <brian@interlinx.bc.ca>
- - change other places calling run_error_trap() to set and use
- line_number_for_err_trap
-
- 3/21
- ----
-builtins/fc.def
- - Even though command substitution through parse_and_execute turns
- off remember_on_history, command substitution in a shell when
- set -o history has been enabled (interactive or not) should use it
- in the last_hist calculation as if it were on. Same calculation
- in fc_gethnum and fc_builtin. Fixes bug reported by
- Ian Kelling <smallnow@gmail.com>
-
-sig.c
- - change termsig_sighandler to terminate immediately if it gets called
- twice with the same signal before termsig_handler gets called. This
- fixes the `looping on SIGSEGV' phenomenon reported by Linux users.
-
-parse.y
- - in read_secondary_line, don't try to add NULL lines to the history
- list. Report and patch from Lubomir Rintel <lkundrak@v3.sk>
-
- 3/22
- ----
-sig.c
- - Augment change from 3/21 with explicit check for signals we *don't*
- want this to happen for. Patch from Lubomir Rintel <lkundrak@v3.sk>
-
- 3/28
- ----
-array.c
- - in array_reference, return NULL immediately if the desired index
- is larger than the maximum
- - add cache of last array referenced and last array element referenced;
- use in array_reference to optimize case of sequential access;
- invalidated where necessary in other functions
- - array_rshift needs to set max_index to 0 if the array was empty
- before shifting in the new element 0
- - array_shift needs to use element_index(a->head->prev) to set the
- max_index, not a simple decrement, to deal with sparse arrays
-
- 4/1
- ---
-bashline.c
- - in bash_dequote_filename, return right away after copying the
- backslash if the last character in the string to be expanded
- is a backslash. The old code copied an extra NUL and overwrote
- the bounds checking. Fixes bug reported by Shawn Starr
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=488649
-
- 4/3
- ---
-subst.c
- - in pat_subst.c, make sure to copy one character from the input
- string in the case of a null pattern match, since we substitute
- on the null match and then increment past the current character.
- Not doing this means that each character of the original string
- is replaced because of the null matches. Fixes debian bug
- reported bhy Louis-David Mitterrand <ldm@apartia.fr>
- http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=522160
-
-lib/sh/winsize.c
- - incorporate contents of readline/rlwinsize.h to get all the various
- system dependencies right when trying to find TIOCGWINSZ. Fixes
- bug reported by Dan Price <dp@eng.sun.com>
-
- 4/6
- ---
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - fix description of conditional `>' and `<' to remove statement that
- the comparison pays attention to the current locale -- it has
- always used strcmp
-
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - fixed a bug in glob_filename that caused glob_dir_to_array to be
- called to prepend a (globbed) directory name onto the results from
- glob_vector, which, if we were globbing `**', glob_vector has
- already done. Effect is to have the directory name(s) on there
- twice. Fixes "dir*/**" bug reported by Matt Zyzik
- <Matt@ice.filescope.com>
-
- 4/8
- ---
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - fix short syntax summary of for command to reflect full bash
- syntax (which is a superset of Posix syntax). Fixes bug reported
- by Reuben Thomas <rrt@sc3d.org>
-
- 4/10
- ----
-{expr,subst}.c
- - make sure last_command_exit_value is set to EXECUTION_FAILURE
- before calling err_unboundvar, in case set -e is enabled and
- the shell exits from there. Fixes bug reported by Freddy
- Vulto <fvulto@gmail.com> and Piotr Zielinski
- <piotr.zielinski@gmail.com>
-
- 4/11
- ----
-jobs.c
- - in restore_pipeline, don't call discard_pipeline with a NULL
- argument
-
-trap.c
- - in run_debug_trap, make sure to save and restore the pipeline,
- pipeline_pgrp, and state of the pipeline around running the debug
- trap, then remove any job created by running the debug trap from
- the jobs table when it completes. Fixes for two bugs reported
- by lex@upc.ua
-
- 4/12
- ----
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - new functions to block and release SIGWINCH like the SIGINT blocking
- and releasing functions
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - new extern declarations for _rl_block_sigwinch and _rl_release_sigwinch
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - block SIGWINCH during redisplay like SIGINT. Should fix bug reported
- by Nicolai Lissner <nlissne@linux01.org>
-
- 4/13
- ----
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - new readline state variable: RL_STATE_REDISPLAYING
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - in rl_redisplay, don't block SIGWINCH during redisplay; just set
- the REDISPLAYING state
-
-lib/readline/terminal.c
- - in rl_resize_terminal, don't call rl_redisplay_after_sigwinch() if
- we're already in the middle of redisplay (RL_STATE_REDISPLAYING).
- Fix for bug reported by Nicolai Lissner <nlissne@linux01.org>
-
- 4/15
- ----
-parse.y
- - fix parse_comsub to add check for \n when seeing whether the current
- character can change to a state where a reserved word is legal,
- since it is not a shell meta character. Fixes bug reported by
- Bernd Eggink <monoped@sudrala.de>.
-
- 4/17
- ----
-jobs.c
- - new functions to save and restore the pgrp_pipe (since there's only
- one): save_pgrp_pipe and restore_pgrp_pipe
-
-trap.c
- - run_debug_trap now saves and restores the pgrp_pipe before and
- after calling the debug trap
- - run_debug_trap now makes sure the terminal is owned by the pipeline
- pgrp after the debug trap runs. Rest of fix for bug reported by
- Oleksly Melnyk <o.melnyk@upc.ua> (lex@upc.ca)
-
- 4/19
- ----
-include/posixselect.h
- - new include file, encapsulates select(2) includes and defines for
- bash and readline. Inspired by patch from Mike Frysinger
- <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
-lib/sh/input_avail.c
- - include "posixselect.h"
-
-lib/readline/{input,parens}.c
- - include "posixselect.h" instead of using inline includes
- - use new USEC_TO_TIMEVAL define to make sure that values for timeouts
- greater than one second are handled properly
-
-lib/sh/fpurge.c
- - updated implementation, taken from gnulib
-
- 4/21
- ----
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - in finddirs, don't try to free a return value of glob_error_return
- from glob_vector. Bug and fix from werner@suse.de
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - in rl_echo_signal_char, check that SIGQUIT and SIGTSTP are defined
- before trying to use them. Bug report and fix from Volker Grabsch
- <vog@notjusthosting.com>
-
- 4/24
- ----
-aclocal.m4
- - add conditional inclusion of <stdint.h> to BASH_CHECK_TYPE
-
-bashtypes.h,lib/sh/strto[iu]max.c
- - include <stdint.h> if present for any existing declaration of
- intmax_t and uintmax_t. Fixes Interix problem reported by
- Markus Duft <mduft@gentoo.org>
-
-lib/sh/strindex.c,externs.h,builtins/common.h
- - renamed strindex to strcasestr to agree with other implementations
- (e.g., BSD, MacOS X, gnulib); changed callers
-
-lib/sh/{strindex.c,Makefile.in},Makefile.in
- - renamed strindex.c to strcasestr.c
-
-configure.in
- - add strcasestr to call to AC_REPLACE_FUNCS, take advantage of
- existing libc implementations
-
-config.h.in
- - add define for HAVE_STRCASESTR
-
-lib/sh/mbscmp.c
- - fix mbscmp to return correct values when the strings do not contain
- valid multibyte characters. Ideas from gnulib
-
-xstrchr.c
- - only compare current character against C if mblength == 1
-
-{shell,variables}.c
- - changed some xstrchr calls back to strchr when the arguments cannot
- contain multibyte characters
-
-lib/sh/{xstrchr.c,Makefile.in},Makefile.in
- - renamed xstrchr to mbschr; renamed file to mbschr.c
-
-aclocal.m4
- - change BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE to use AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(mbschr)
-
-externs.h
- - extern declarations for mbscmp and mbschr, conditional on the usual
- HAVE_MBSCMP and HAVE_MBSCHR defines
-
-general.h,{alias,arrayfunc,bashline,general,execute_cmd,subst}.c
- - changed calls to xstrchr to mbschr
-
-doc/bash.1
- - use `pathname expansion' consistently, not `filename expansion' or
- `filename generation'
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - use the phrase `filename expansion' consistently (since this is
- what the Gnu people prefer) instead of `pathname expansion' or
- `filename generation'
-
-aclocal.m4,config.h.in
- - check for mbscasecmp in BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE, define HAVE_MBSCASECMP
- if found
-
-lib/sh/{mbscasecmp.c,Makefile.in}
- - new file, case-insensitive multibyte string comparison
-
-externs.h
- - extern declaration for mbscasecmp
-
- 4/25
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, don't adjust dpos by woff if it's
- already less than woff (don't want it less than 0)
- - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, short-circuit right away if the cursor
- is at columns 0 and `new' is 0 (doesn't matter if it's a multibyte
- locale or not, or whether there are invisible chars in the prompt)
- - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, go ahead and adjust dpos if
- prompt_physical_chars >= _rl_screenwidth (previous check was just > )
- Fixes bug reported by Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
-
- 4/28
- ----
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - in glob_vector, don't add an empty pathname ("") if we're adding the
- currect directory to the dirlist and GX_NULLDIR is set -- we can just
- ignore it, since the passed directory name (".") was created by
- the caller. Fixes bug reported by Matt Zyzik <matt.zyzik@nyu.edu>
-
- 5/5
- ---
-subst.c
- - make expansion of $@ and $* when set -u is in effect and there are
- no positional parameters be a non-fatal error. This is the
- consensus of the austin group, though it is not historical practice.
- Message from Geoff Clare <20090505091501.GA10097@squonk.masqnet> of
- 5 May 2009 and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=155
-
-
- 5/20
- ----
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - tentative fix to glob_filename to compensate for glob_vector putting
- null pathname at front of result vector when dflags&GX_NULLDIR.
- Current fix manually removes empty string element from front of
- result vector; a better fix would be to use a flag so glob_vector
- doesn't add it at all. Augments patch from 4/28, which appears to
- have broken some things. Fixes bug reported by Matt Zyzik
- <matt.zyzik@nyu.edu>
-
- 5/22
- ----
-
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - better fix for glob_filename; supersedes patch of 5/20. Now the
- code does not set GX_ADDCURDIR if directory_len == 0 and the
- function has not been called recursively ((flags & GX_ALLDIRS) == 0).
- Better fix for bug reported by Matt Zyzik <matt.zyzik@nyu.edu>
-
-Makefile.in
- - fix build race condition that occurs in some makes caused by
- libreadline.a and libhistory.a containing some of the same files
- (e.g., xmalloc.o) and conflicting when trying to build both at
- the same time. Reported by Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
-
- 5/25
- ----
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - fix _rl_vi_initialize_line so that the loop counter is not
- unsigned (it doesn't matter, but it eliminates a compiler warning).
- Bug reported by Dave Caroline <dave.thearchivist@gmail.com>
-
- 5/26
- ----
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - add text to the description of array variables making it clear
- that an array variable is not considered set until a subscript
- has been assigned a value
-
- 5/29
- ----
-lib/readline/text.c
- - fix rl_change_case to handle case where mbrtowc doesn't find a
- valid multibyte character
-
-lib/readline/vi_mode.c
- - fix _rl_vi_change_mbchar_case to handle case where mbrtowc doesn't
- find a valid multibyte character
-
-lib/sh/casemod.c
- - fix sh_modcase to handle case where mbrtowc doesn't find a valid
- multibyte character
-
-lib/readline/mbutil.c
- - fix _rl_find_next_mbchar_internal to not call mbrtowc at the end of
- the string, since implementations return different values -- just
- break the loop immediately
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - fix rl_redisplay to make same sort of cursor position adjustments
- based on multibyte locale and _rl_last_c_pos when performing
- horizontal scrolling rather than line wrapping. Probably still
- more to do. Fixes bug reported by jim@jim.sh
-
- 6/5
- ---
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - added some more explanation of the inheritance of the ERR trap at
- the suggestion of Thomas Pospisek <tpo@sourcepole.ch>
-
-findcmd.c
- - use eaccess(2) if available in file_status to take other file
- access mechanisms such as ACLs into account. Patch supplied
- by werner@suse.de
-
- 6/12
- ----
-xmalloc.c
- - also calculate lowest brk() value the first time xmalloc/xrealloc
- (and their sh_ counterparts) are called
- - error messages consolidated into a single function (allocerr/
- sh_allocerr) to avoid string duplication
-
- 6/16
- ----
-variables.c
- - changes to allow variables.c to be compiled if ALIAS is not defined.
- Bug and fix from John Gatewood Ham <uraphalinuxserver@gmail.com>
-
-lib/sh/getcwd.c
- - fix so systems defining BROKEN_DIRENT_D_INO have the necessary
- defines. Fix from Jay Krell <jay.krell@cornell.edu>
-
-configure.in
- - add -D_ALL_SOURCE to interix CFLAGS for struct timezone definition.
- Bug and fix from John Gatewood Ham <uraphalinuxserver@gmail.com>
-
- 6/29
- ----
-variables.c
- - change initialize_shell_variables to add environment variables with
- invalid names to the variables hash table, but marking them as
- invisible and imported
- - new function, export_environment_candidate. Used when creating the
- export environment for commands to include variables with invalid
- names inherited from the initial environment. Apparently this
- behavior is widespread
- - change make_var_export_array to use export_environment_candidate
- rather than visible_and_exported to test variables for inclusion
- in the export environment
-
- 7/1
- ---
-builtins/read.def
- - fix a memory leak where the number of fields is not the same as
- the number of variables passed to `read'. Bug report from
- werner@suse.de
-
-builtins/command.def
- - move section of code that sets PATH from -p option before the
- verbose-handling section, so command -v and command -V honor
- the PATH set by command -p. Bug report and fix from
- ohki@gssm.otsuka.tsukuba.ac.jp
-
- 7/9
- ---
-subst.c
- - change brace_expand_word_list to defer brace expansion on compound
- array assignments that are arguments to builtins like `declare',
- deferring the expansion until the assignment statement is processed.
- Fixes inconsistency reported by agriffis@n01se.net
-
- 7/16
- ----
-bashline.c
- - fix bash_execute_unix_command to set rl_point correctly based on
- READLINE_POINT. The old method of using save_point will not
- work because maybe_make_readline_line will change rl_point. Bug
- reported by Henning Bekel <h.bekel@googlemail.com>
-
-trap.c
- - fix _run_trap_internal and run_pending_traps to save and restore
- value of subst_assign_varlist so the dispose_words on it doesn't
- leave dangling pointers after the trap handler runs. Fixes bug
- reported by Marc Herbert <marc.herbert@gmail.com>
-
- 7/22
- ----
-subst.c
- - fix off-by-one error in pos_params when computing positional
- parameters beginning with index 0. Bug and fix from Isaac Good
- <isaacgood@gmail.com>
-
- 7/24
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - add code to _rl_move_cursor_relative and _rl_col_width to short-
- circuit a few special cases: prompt string and prompt string plus
- line contents, both starting from 0. Saves a bunch of calls to
- multibyte character functions using already-computed information.
- As a side effect, fixes bug reported by Lasse Karkkainen
- <tronic+8qug@trn.iki.fi>
-
-subst.c
- - fixed a problem in split_at_delims that could leave *cwp set to -1
- if the line ends in IFS whitespace and SENTINEL is one of those
- whitespace characters. Fixes problem with setting COMP_CWORD for
- programmable completion reported by Ville Skytta <ville.skytta@iki.fi>
-
-bashline.c
- - change bash_execute_unix_command to clear the current line (if the
- terminal supplies the "ce" attribute) instead of moving to a new
- line. Inspired by report from Henning Bekel <h.bekel@googlemail.com>
-
-builtins/printf.def
- - changes to allow printf -v var to assign to array indices, the way
- the read builtin can. Suggested by Christopher F. A. Johnson
- <cfajohnson@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - fix rl_old_menu_complete and rl_menu_complete to appropriately set
- and unset RL_STATE_COMPLETING while generating the list of matches.
- Fixes debian bug #538013 reported by Jerome Reybert
- <jreybert@gmail.com>
-
- 7/25
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - change execute_builtin to temporarily turn off and restore the ERR
- trap for the eval/source/command builtins in the same way as we
- temporarily disable and restore the setting of the -e option.
- Fixes bug reported by Henning Garus <henning.garus@googlemail.com>
-
- 7/27
- ----
-shell.c
- - add fflush(stdout) and fflush(stderr) to exit_shell before closing
- any file descriptors at exit time (e.g., coproc pipes)
-
- 7/30
- ----
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - new function rl_backward_menu_complete, just passes negative count
- argument to rl_menu_complete
- - change rl_menu_complete to act appropriately if rl_last_command is
- rl_backward_menu_complete, so we can cycle forward and backward
- through the list of completions
-
-lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi},doc/bash.1
- - document new "menu-complete-backward" bindable readline function.
- Suggested by Jason Spiro <jasonspiro04@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/vi_keymap.c
- - add binding of C-n to menu-complete and C-p to menu-complete-backward
- in vi-insert keymap, as suggested by Jason Spiro
- <jasonspiro04@gmail.com>
-
-pcomplete.c
- - fixed a bug in programmable_completions: the options it returned from
- the compspec it found were set before generating the completions,
- which meant that any changes made by "compopt" were overridden and
- only in effect for the duration of the executing shell function
- rather than the entire completion. Fixes bug reported by Ville
- Skytta <ville.skytta@iki.fi>
-
- 7/31
- ----
-lib/readline/keymaps.c
- - fixed memory leak in rl_discard_keymap by freeing storage associated
- with hierarchical keymaps
- - new convenience function, rl_free_keymap, that calls rl_discard_keymap
- and frees the keymap passed as an argument
-
-lib/readline/util.c
- - new bindable keymap function, _rl_null_function, to be used internally
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - extern declaration for _rl_null_function
-
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - fix rl_generic_bind in the case where we are trying to override a
- keymap with a null function (e.g., when trying to unbind it). We
- can't use a NULL function pointer in ANYOTHERKEY since that's
- indistinguishable from the keymap not having been overridden at all.
- We use _rl_null_function instead, which simply does nothing. We
- could add an rl_ding to it later. Fixes problem with hitting ESC
- repeatedly while in vi command mode reported by James Rowell
- <jrjimmy801-misc1@yahoo.com>
-
-builtins/bind.def
- - call rl_bind_keyseq instead of rl_set_key for -r option
-
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - Set vi_movement_keymap[ESC] to _rl_null_function after binding the
- arrow keys in bind_arrow_keys() to allow vi-mode users to hit ESC
- multiple times in vi command mode while still allowing the arrow
- keys to work
-
- 8/2
- ---
-bashline.c
- - fix clear_hostname_list by setting hostname_list_initialized to 0
- after freeing all list members. Fixes bug reported by Freddy
- Vulto <fvulto@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/display.c
- - in update_line, if we copy data from one line to another because we
- are wrapping a multibyte character from, say, the first line to the
- second, we need to update OMAX and the line indices to account for
- the moved data. Bug report and fix from Martin Hamrle
- <martin.hamrle@gmail.com>
-
- 8/3
- ---
-pcomplete.h
- - defines for EMPTYCMD ("_EmptycmD_") and DEFAULTCMD ("_DefaultCmD_")
-
-builtins/complete.def
- - change compopt_builtin to make -E work on the "empty" command
- completion
- - fix print_compitem and print_compopts to replace EMPTYCMD with -E
- - added -D (default) option to complete/compgen/compopt. No supporting
- code yet
-
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
- - document new -D, -E options to compopt
- - document new -D option to complete/compgen
-
-shell.h
- - new define, EX_WEXPCOMSUB, value of 125
- - new define, EX_RETRYFAIL, value of 124 (for programmable completion)
-
-subst.c
- - use EX_WEXPCOMSUB instead of literal 125 as exit status when a shell
- invoked to run wordexp(3) with the -n option supplied attempts a
- command substitution
-
-pcomplete.c
- - new define, PCOMP_RETRYFAIL, used to indicate a "failure, retry with
- next completion" status to the programmable completion code
-
- 8/4
- ---
-pcomplete.c
- - changed gen_shell_function_matches to take an extra parameter
- indicating whether the specified shell function was not found or
- returned the special "fail/retry" status, and, if it was either,
- to not bother returning any matches list
- - changed gen_compspec_completions to take an extra parameter to pass
- through the "found" status from gen_shell_function_completions
- - new function gen_progcomp_completions to take care of searching for
- and evaluating a compspec for a particular word, saving its status,
- and returning to its caller (programmable_completions) whether or
- not to retry completion. This function also checks whether a
- retry changed the compspec associated with a command and short-
- circuits the retry if it has not
- - changed programmable_completions to try default completion (if set)
- if a specific completion was not found for a command
- - changed programmable_completions to implement "fail/retry" semantics
- for a shell function that returns 124 and changes the compspec
- associated with the command. All based on proposal and changes from
- Behdad Esfahbod (Red Hat bugzilla 475229)
-
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
- - documented new dynamic programmable completion functionality
-
- 8/5
- ---
-stringlib.c
- - first argument to substring() is now `const char *'
-
-externs.h
- - changed extern declaration for substring()
-
-subst.c
- - skipsubscript now takes a third FLAGS argument, passes to
- skip_matched_pair
- - skip_matched_pair now interprets flags&1 to mean not to parse
- matched pairs of quotes, backquotes, or shell word expansion
- constructs
-
-{subst,general,expr}.c
- - changed skipsubscript() callers
-
-assoc.c
- - changed assoc_to_assign to double-quote the key if it contains any
- shell metacharacters
-
-arrayfunc.c
- - use skipsubscript in quote_assign rather than quote any glob
- characters in the subscript of an array assignment
- - in assign_compound_array_list, call skipsubscript with a flags
- argument of 1 if assigning an associative array to avoid trying
- to re-parse quoted strings
-
-redir.c
- - set expanding_redir before expanding body of here documents and
- here strings to avoid looking for variables in temporary env
-
- 8/7
- ---
-lib/readline/readline.c
- - in _rl_dispatch_callback, return value of -3 means that we have
- added to a key sequence, but there are previous matches in the
- sequence. Don't call _rl_subseq_result if we get a -3 from a
- previous context in the chain; just go back up the chain. Report
- and fix from <freehaha@gmail.com>
-
-bashline.c
- - fixes to history_completion_generator and bash_dabbrev_expand to
- make dabbrev-expand inhibit suppressing of appending space char
- to matches. Have to do it with the generator too because
- rl_menu_complete turns off suppressing the appended space in
- set_completion_defaults(). Suggestion from Dan Nicolaescu
- <dann@ics.uci.edu>
- - suppress completion match sorting in bash_dabbrev_expand by
- setting rl_sort_completion_matches = 0. Suggestion from Dan
- Nicolaescu <dann@ics.uci.edu>
- - don't qsort history match list in build_history_completion_array
- if dabbrev_expand_active == 1
- - start the loop in build_history_completion_array that gathers words
- from history for possible completions from the end of the list
- rather than the beginning. It doesn't matter where you start if
- the results are sorted, and dabbrev-expand is supposed to offer
- the most recent completions first
-
- 8/12
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - change to execute_command_internal to make [[ ... ]] conditional
- command subject to settings of `set -e' and the ERR trap
-
- 8/14
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - change to execute_command_internal to make (( ... )) arithmetic
- command subject to settings of `set -e' and the ERR trap
-
-lib/readline/text.c
- - new bindable function, rl_skip_csi_sequence, reads the characters
- that make up a control sequence as defined by ECMA-48. Sequences
- are introduced by the Control Sequence Indicator (CSI) and
- contain a defined set of characters. Insert, End, Page Up and so
- on are CSI sequences. Report and code from Andy Koppe
- <andy.koppe@gmail.com>
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - extern declaration for rl_skip_csi_sequence
-
-lib/readline/funmap.c
- - new bindable command "skip-csi-sequence", runs rl_skip_csi_sequence
-
-doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi}
- - documented new bindable command "skip-csi-sequence", unbound by
- default
-
-builtins/evalfile.c
- - fix _evalfile to remove embedded null bytes from the file read
- into the string. Report and proposed fix from Roman Rakus
- <rrakus@redhat.com>
-
-{configure,config.h}.in
- - check for syslog(3), define HAVE_SYSLOG
- - check for syslog.h, define HAVE_SYSLOG_H
-
-config-top.h
- - new define SYSLOG_HISTORY, disabled by default
-
-config-bot.h
- - if HAVE_SYSLOG or HAVE_SYSLOG_H are not defined, undef SYSLOG_HISTORY
-
-bashhist.c
- - if SYSLOG_HISTORY is defined, call bash_syslog_history with the
- line added to the history in bash_add_history.
- - new function, bash_syslog_history(line), sends line to syslog at
- user.info. The line is truncated to send no more than 600
- (SYSLOG_MAXLEN) bytes to syslog. Feature requested by many, and
- required by some national laws
-
-sig.c
- - in termsig_handler, resend SIGHUP to children if subshell_environment
- indicates we're a shell performing command or process substitution
-
-jobs.c
- - add CHECK_TERMSIG calls to wait_for in addition to the ones in
- waitchld()
-
-builtins/shopt.def
- - new functions set_bashopts, parse_bashopts, and initialize_bashopts
- to manage new environment variable $BASHOPTS, like $SHELLOPTS but
- for shopt options
- - change toggle_shopts to call set_bashopts after setting options, so
- $BASHOPTS reflects new values
-
-shell.c
- - call initialize_bashopts after calling initialize_shell_options at
- shell startup
-
-configure.in
- - new configure `enable' option --enable-exended-glob-default, to
- set the initial default value of the `extglob' shell option
-
-config.h
- - new define, EXTGLOB_DEFAULT, controlled by the `extended-glob-default'
- configure option
-
-pathexp.c
- - initialize extended_glob variable to EXTGLOB_DEFAULT
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new $BASHOPTS variable and its behavior
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - document new --enable-extended-glob-default configure option
-
- 8/16
- ----
-print_cmd.c
- - new variables: xtrace_fd and xtrace_fp, the file descriptor and
- FILE * to which we send `set -x' tracing output. If fd == -1
- then fp == STDERR, the default mode
- - new function xtrace_init, sets xtrace_fd == -1 and xtrace_fp = stderr
- - new function xtrace_set (fd, fp), sets xtrace_fd and xtrace_fp
- to the arguments
- - new function xtrace_reset, handles closing old xtrace fd/fp and
- moving them back to -1/stderr
- - new function xtrace_fdchck, calls xtrace_reset if the fd passed as
- an argument is xtrace_fd
- - change xtrace functions to fprintf to xtrace_fp instead of stderr
-
-shell.c
- - call xtrace_init() very early in main()
-
-variables.c
- - new special variable, BASH_XTRACEFD, holds file descriptor used for
- set -x trace output. Inspired by suggestion from Bruce Korb
- <bruce.korb@gmail.com>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - added description of new BASH_XTRACEFD variable
-
-redir.c
- - add calls to xtrace_fdchk to the redirections that close file
- descriptors, so we notice if we close BASH_XTRACEFD and compensate
- accordingly (same places that call coproc_fdchk())
-
- 8/18
- ----
-lib/readline/text.c
- - change to _rl_replace_text to add error checks: start must be <=
- end, and we don't call rl_insert_text if passed the empty string
-
-config.h.in
- - add define for HAVE_ICONV, already found by intl autoconf macros
- - add define for HAVE_LOCALE_CHARSET
-
-aclocal.m4
- - add check for locale_charset() to BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE
-
-lib/sh/fnxform.c
- - new file with two public function: fnx_tofs and fnx_fromfs.
- Primarily intended for use on MacOS X, they use iconv to convert
- between whatever the current locale encoding is and "UTF-8-MAC",
- a special encoding on OS X in which all characters are
- decomposed unicode, as the HFS+ filesystem stores them. These
- functions return a pointer to a local buffer, allocated once and
- resized as necessary, to avoid too many allocations; callers
- should not free the return value, since it may be the string
- passed
-
-Makefile.in
- - make sure LIBICONV is set by autoconf (@LIBICONV@) and added to
- list of link libraries
-
-externs.h
- - new extern declarations for fnx_fromfs and fnx_tofs
-
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - convert the filename read using readdir() in glob_vector() using
- fnx_fromfs and use that value in the call to strmatch. This
- ensures that we're using the precomposed Unicode value of the
- filename rather than the native decomposed form. Original bug
- report from Len Lattanzi <llatanzi@apple.com>; fix inspired by
- Guillaume Outters <guillaume.outters@free.fr>
-
- 8/19
- ----
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - new completion hook: rl_filename_rewrite_hook, can rewrite or modify
- filenames read from the filesystem before they are compared to the
- word to be completed
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - extern declaration for rl_filename_rewrite_hook
-
-lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
- - document rl_filename_rewrite_hook
-
-bashline.c
- - new function, bash_filename_rewrite_hook, assigned to
- rl_filename_rewrite_hook. Calls fnx_fromfs to convert from
- filesystem format to "input" format. This makes completing
- filenames with accented characters work on Mac OS X
-
- 8/20
- ----
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - new bindable variable "skip-completed-text", bound to
- _rl_skip_completed_text. If enabled, it means to note when
- completing before the end of a word and skipping over characters
- after rl_point that match in both the completion to be inserted
- and the word being completed. It means that completing
- `Makefile' with the cursor after the `e' results in `Makefile'
- instead of `Makefilefile'. Inspired by an idea from Jared
- Yanovich <phierunner@comcast.net> from back in 2004
-
-lib/readline/rlprivate.h
- - extern declaration for _rl_skip_completed_text
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - implement semantics of _rl_skip_completed_text in insert_match:
- skip characters in `replacement' that match chars in rl_line_buffer
- from the start of the word to be completed
-
- 8/21
- ----
-error.c
- - change parser_error to set last_command_exit_value to 2 before
- calling exit_shell (if set -e is enabled), so any exit or ERR
- trap gets the right value of $?. Suggestion from Stefano
- Lattarini <stefano.lattarini@gmail.com>
-
-braces.c
- - fix expand_seqterm so that a non-zero-prefixed term that's longer
- than a zero-prefixed term determines the length of each term
- in the brace-expanded sequence. This means that things like
- {01..100} will have three digits in all the elements of the
- expanded list. Fixes bug reported by Jeff Haemer
- <jeffrey.haemer@gmail.com>
-
- 8/24
- ----
-{arrayfunc,variables}.c
- - when inserting a value into an associative array using syntax like
- T=v where T is an already-declared associative array using key "0",
- make sure the key is in newly-allocated memory so it can be freed
- when the variable is unset. Fixes bug reported as redhat 518644
- by Jon Fairbairn
-
- 8/26
- ----
-lib/readline/funmap.c
- - add "old-menu-complete" binding for rl_old_menu_complete
-
-lib/readline/readline.h
- - add extern declaration for rl_old_menu_complete
-
-subst.c
- - fix memory leak when processing ${!prefix@}. Need to dispose all
- words in the word list created from all matching variable. Fixes
- bug reported by muszi@muszi.kite.hu.
-
- 8/29
- ----
-execute_cmd.c
- - add fflush(stdout) and fflush(stderr) to child coproc code before
- calling exit after execute_in_subshell
-
- 8/31
- ----
-lib/readline/{{bind,readline}.c,rlprivate.h}
- - new bindable variable, "echo-control-characters", enabled by default.
- This controls whether or not readline honors the tty ECHOCTL bit
- and displays characters corresponding to keyboard-generated signals.
- Controlled by _rl_echo_control_chars variable, declared in readline.c
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - if _rl_echo_control_chars == 0, don't go through _rl_echo_signal_char
-
-
-lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi}
- - document "echo-control-characters" bindable variable
-
- 9/1
- ---
-lib/readline/histexpand.c
- - hist_string_extract_single_quoted now takes an additional argument:
- a flags word. The only defined value (flags & 1) allows backslash
- to quote the single quote. This is to inhibit history expansion
- inside $'...' containing an escaped single quote.
- - change history_expand to call hist_string_extract_single_quoted
- with flags == 1 if it sees $'. Fixes bug reported by Sean
- Donner <sean.donner@gmail.com>
-
- 9/2
- ---
-builtins/printf.def
- - add a call to sh_wrerror if ferror() succeeds in the PRETURN macro,
- to print an error message in the case that the final fflush fails
- (for instance, because it attempts to write data that didn't have a
- trailing newline). Fixes bug reported by Stefano Lattarini
- <stefano.lattarini@gmail.com>
-
- 9/7
- ---
-arrayfunc.c
- - some fixes to assign_compound_array_list to avoid null pointer
- dereferences pointed out by clang/scan-build
-
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - fixes to udequote_pathname and wdequote_pathname to avoid possible
- null pointer dereferences pointed out by clang/scan-build
-
-lib/readline/undo.c
- - fix to _rl_copy_undo_list (function unused) to avoid deref of
- uninitialized pointer pointed out by clang/scan-build
-
-general.c
- - fix string_to_rlimtype so it works if passed a null pointer (though
- it never is)
-
-builtins/mapfile.def
- - fix to mapfile() to avoid possible null pointer dereference pointed
- out by clang/scan-build
-
-variables.c
- - fix to valid_exportstr to avoid possible null pointer dereferences
- pointed out by clang/scan-build
-
-bashline.c
- - fix to bash_execute_unix_command to avoid possible null pointer
- dereference if READLINE_LINE or READLINE_POINT is not bound
-
- 9/11
- ----
-[Prayers for the victimes of 9/11/2001]
-
-command.h
- - add `rflags' member to struct redirect to hold private flags and
- state information
- - change redirector to a REDIRECTEE instead of int to prepare for
- possible future changes
-
-{copy_cmd,dispose_cmd,make_cmd,print_cmd,redir}.c
- - changes resulting from type change of `redirector' member of struct
- redirect: change x->redirector to x->redirector.dest and add code
- where appropriate to deal with x->redirector.filename
-
-make_cmd.h
- - change extern declaration for make_redirection
-
-make_cmd.c
- - first argument of make_redirection is now a `REDIRECTEE' to prepare
- for possible future changes. First arg is now assigned directly to
- redirector member instead of assigning int to redirector.dest
-
-{make_cmd,redir}.c,parse.y
- - changes resulting from type change of first argument to
- make_redirection from int to REDIRECTEE. In general, changes are
- using REDIRECTEE sd and assigning old argument to sd.dest, then
- passing sd to make_redirection
-
-make_cmd.[ch],parse.y
- - add fourth argument to make_redirection: flags. Sets initial value
- of `rflags' member of struct redirect
- - changed all callers of make_redirection to add fourth argument of 0
-
- 9/15
- ----
-parse.y
- - change read_token_word to return REDIR_WORD for tokens of the form
- {var} where `var' is a valid shell identifier and the character
- following the } is a `<' or `>'
- - add REDIR_WORD versions of all input and output file redirections
- and here documents
-
-print_cmd.c
- - change input and output file redirection direction and here
- document cases of print_redirection to print a varname
- specification of the form {var} when appropriate. Still need
- to fix rest of cases
-
-redir.c
- - implement REDIR_VARASSIGN semantics for file input and output
- redirections and here documents
-
- 9/16
- ----
-parse.y
- - added REDIR_WORD versions of remaining redirection constructs except
- for err_and_out ones
-
-redir.c
- - handle REDIR_VARASSIGN semantics for rest of redirection constructs
- - accommodate REDIR_VARASSIGN when translating redirections
- - new function, redir_varvalue, does variable lookup for {v} when
- redirection needs the value (e.g., r_close_this)
-
-print_cmd.c
- - fix rest of cases to print {varname} when REDIR_VARASSIGN is set in
- redirect->rflags
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new {varname} REDIR_VARASSIGN form of redirections
-
-tests/vredir.{right,tests},vredir[1-5].sub
- - tests for new {varname} REDIR_VARASSIGN form of redirections
-
- 9/18
- ----
-subst.c
- - new flags argument to split_at_delims: these flags are ORd with
- SD_NOJMP and passed to skip_to_delim
- - change skip_to_delim to honor new SD_NOQUOTEDELIM flag by not
- checking whether or not single and double quotes are delimiters
- if it's set in passed flags until after skipping quoted strings.
-
-subst.h
- - change extern declaration for split_at_delims
- - new define for SD_NOQUOTEDELIM flag
-
-pcomplete.c
- - pass SD_NOQUOTEDELIM in flags argument to split_at_delims so single
- and double quotes, even though they're in
- rl_completer_word_break_characters, don't act as word delimiters
- for programmable completion. Fixes bug reported by Freddy
- Vulto <fvulto@gmail.com>
-
-lib/glob/glob.c
- - in glob_filename, after recursively scanning a directory specified
- with `**', turn off GX_ALLDIRS|GX_ADDCURDIR before calling
- glob_vector on the rest of the pathname, since it may not apply to
- the rest of the pattern. Turned back on if the filename makes it
- appropriate. Fixes bug reported by Anders Kaseorg <andersk@mit.edu>
-
-redir.c
- - change execute_null_command to fork a child to execute if any of
- the commands redirections have the REDIR_VARASSIGN flag set, since
- those commands are not supposed to have side effects
-
-test.c
- - < and > binary operators will obey the locale by using strcoll if
- the TEST_LOCALE flag is passed to binary_test
-
-test.h
- - new define for TEST_LOCALE
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - execute_cond_node sets TEST_LOCALE so [[ str1 < str2 ]] (and >)
- obey the locale. Fixes bug/incompatibility reported by Greg
- Wooledge <wooledg@eeg.ccf.org>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - documented [[ command new locale-sensitive treatment of < and >
-
- 9/24
- ----
-configure.in
- - add "darwin10" cases like darwin8 and darwin9 to handle linking with
- included readline and history libraries
-
- 9/26
- ----
-lib/readline/display.c
- - modify change of 7/24 to use prompt_physical_chars instead of
- prompt_visible_length to account for visible multibyte characters in
- the line (usually in the prompt). Fixes debian bug #547264
- reported by Pietro Battiston <toobaz@email.it>
- - add flags argument to _rl_col_width; changed callers. flags > 0
- means that it's ok to use the already-computed prompt information;
- flags == 0 means that we're expanding the prompt and we should not
- short-circuit
-
-parse.y
- - in decode_prompt_string, when expanding \w and \W on Mac OS X,
- use fnx_fromfs to convert from "filesystem" form to "input" form.
- This makes $PWD with multibyte characters work in the prompt
- string on Mac OS X
-
-lib/sh/fnxform.c
- - in fnx_fromfs and fnx_tofs, use templen instead of outlen as last
- argument in calls to iconv, since outlen is used to keep track of
- the size of the buffer, and iconv potentially modifies its
- `outbytesleft' argument
-
- 9/29
- ----
-subst.c
- - make skip_to_delim understand how to skip over process substitution
- constructs the way it skips $(...) command substitution
-
- 9/30
- ----
-lib/readline/terminal.c
- - don't set the `terminal has meta key' flag if the `MT' capability is
- available; that means something completely different
-
- 10/1
- ----
-builtins/help.def
- - make sure width is at least 7, since we pass `width/2 - 3' to strncpy
- as the length argument. Terminal widths <= 6 are converted to 80.
- Fixes bug reported by Chris Hall <c@pobox.co.uk>
-
-configure.in
- - changed version to 4.1-alpha
-
-subst.h
- - new flag for skip_to_delim: SD_NOSKIPCMD, which means to not skip
- over embedded command and process substitutions, but rather to look
- for delimiters within them
-
-subst.c
- - implement semantics of SD_NOSKIPCMD in skip_to_delim
-
-bashline.c
- - call skip_to_delim with SD_NOSKIPCMD from find_cmd_start, so
- programmable completion can use the completion defined for `b' for
- command lines like "a $(b c". Fixes inconsistency/bug reported by
- Freddy Vulto <fvulto@gmail.com>
-
-parser.h
- - replace unused PST_CMDTOKEN parser state value with PST_EXTPAT,
- means currently parsing an extended glob pattern (extglob)
-
-parse.y
- - fix cond_node() so that extended_glob is set before parsing the
- rhs of the `==' or `!=' operators. For ksh93 compatibility.
- - reset extended_glob to global value (saved in parse_cond_command())
- in reset_parser()
-
- 10/5
- ----
-jobs.c
- - change waitchld() to only interrupt the wait builtin when the shell
- receives SIGCHLD in Posix mode. It's a posix requirement, but
- makes easy things hard to do, like run a SIGCHLD trap for every
- exiting child. Change prompted by question from Alex Efros
- <powerman@powerman.name>
-
-doc/bashref.texi
- - document new posix mode behavior about SIGCHLD arriving while the
- wait builtin is executing when a trap on SIGCHLD has been set
-
- 10/6
- ----
-lib/readline/histexpand.c
- - fix hist_expand to keep from stopping history expansion after the
- first multibyte character (a `break' instead of a `continue').
- Fixes debian bug (#549933) reported by Nikolaus Schulz
- <microschulz@web.de>
-
- 10/8
- ----
-builtins/read.def
- - implement new `-N nchars' option: read exactly NCHARS characters,
- ignoring any delimiter, and don't split the result on $IFS.
- Feature requested by Richard Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - document new `read -N' option
-
- 10/9
- ----
-lib/readline/bind.c
- - new bindable variable, "enable-meta-key", controls whether or not
- readline enables any meta modifier key the terminal claims to
- support. Suggested by Werner Fink <werner@suse.de>
-
-lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi},doc/bash.1
- - document new readline "enable-meta-key" bindable variable
-
- 10/10
- -----
-trap.c
- - new function, free_trap_string(), does what it says and turns off
- SIG_TRAPPED flag without changing signal disposition
-
-[bash-4.1-alpha frozen]
-
- 10/16
- -----
-builtins/mapfile.def
- - return an error if the variable passed is not an indexed array.
- Fixes bug reported by Nick Hobson <nick.hobson@yahoo.com>
- - change help text to make it clear that an indexed array is required
-
-doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- - changed description of mapfile to note that the array variable
- argument must be an indexed array, and mapfile will return an
- error if it is not
-
-subst.c
- - change expand_string_unsplit and expand_string_leave_quoted to
- add the (previously unused) W_NOSPLIT2 flag to the created word
- - change expand_word_internal to understand W_NOSPLIT2 to mean that
- we're not going to split on $IFS, so we should not quote any
- characters in IFS that we add to the result string. Fixes bug
- reported by Enrique Perez-Terron <enrio@online.no>
- - change cond_expand_word similarly. Fixes rest of bug reported by
- Enrique Perez-Terron <enrio@online.no>
-
-parse.y
- - save and restore value of last_command_subst_pid around call to
- expand_prompt_string in decode_prompt_string. Fixes bug that causes
- $? to be set wrong when using a construct like false || A=3 when
- set -x is enabled and $PS4 contains a command substitution. Reported
- by Jeff Haemer <jeffrey.haemer@gmail.com>
-
- 10/17
- -----
-execute_cmd.c
- - in execute_in_subshell, make sure we set setjmp(return_catch) before
- running the command, in case the command or its word expansion
- calls jump_to_top_level. Fixes bug reported by Nils Bernhard
- <nils.bernhard@yahoo.de>
-
-subst.c
- - new PF_NOSPLIT2 flag for param_expand
- - parameter_brace_expand takes a new `pflags' argument, before the
- `output' parameters; passes to param_expand as necessary
- - change parameter_brace_expand to call parameter_brace_expand_word
- with the PF_NOSPLIT2 flag if the pflags argument to
- parameter_brace_expand has it set
-
-parse.y
- - change report_syntax_error to set last_command_exit_value to
- EX_BADSYNTAX if parse_and_execute_level is > 0, indicating a
- syntax error while we're executing a dot script, eval string,
- trap command, etc.
-
-builtins/evalstring.c
- - in parse_and_execute, if parse_command() returns non-zero,
- indicating a parse error, print a warning message if the conditions
- would require a posix-mode shell to abort (parse error in a `.'
- script or eval string)
-
- 10/19
- -----
-builtins/evalfile.c
- - even if the `check binary' flag is not passed to _evalfile, return an
- error after reading 128 null characters if called by `source', on
- the assumption that it's probably a binary file. [This will be in
- bash-4.1-beta]
-
- 10/24
- -----
-[bash-4.1-alpha released]
-
-bashline.c
- - don't call command_substitution_completion_function if we're
- completing a substring delimited by a single quote. Fixes bug
- reported by bash-bugs@atu.cjb.net
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - make sure _rl_skip_completed_text defaults to 0, as the
- documentation states (incorrect in bash-4.1-alpha)
- - in insert_match, skip over a close quote in the replacement text if
- the character at point when completion is invoked is a single
- quote. Fixes complaint from bash-bugs@atu.cjb.net
-
- 10/26
- -----
-shell.c
- - in main, make sure "$EMACS" is non-null before calling strstr on its
- value. Fixes Red Hat bug 530911 submitted by Mitchell Berger
-
-builtins/mapfile.def
- - don't save callback commands in shell history. Suggested by
- Jan Schampera <jan.schampera@web.de>
-
-mailcheck.c
- - in file_mod_date_changed, make sure the modification time is later
- than the saved modification date, not just that it's not equal.
- Fix from Evgeniy Dushistov <dushistov@mail.ru>
- - in file_access_date_changed, make sure the access time is later
- than the saved access time, not just that it's not equal
-
- 10/27
- -----
-builtins/shopt.def
- - added new `compat40' compatibility variable, with associated changes
- to shell_compatibility_level(), since the default compatibility level
- is now 41
-
-test.c
- - make the < and > operators to [[ use strcoll() only if the shell
- compatibility level is greater than 40 (it is 41 by default in
- bash-4.1)
-
- 10/28
- -----
-support/shobj-conf
- - decrease the default version of FreeBSD that creates shared libraries
- to 4.x. Advice from Peter Jeremy <peterjeremy@acm.org>
-
- 11/2
- ----
-parse.y
- - change parse_comsub to free `heredelim' and set it to 0 whenever the
- comsub scanner finds the end of a here document. Really need to
- implement a stack of here doc delimiters like in the parser (can we
- use redir_stack here, too?)
- - fix parse_comsub to not attempt to read another here doc delimiter
- after seeing a shell break character (that is not newline) if we
- already have one. Fixes Debian bash bug #553485, submitted by
- Samuel Hym <samuel.hym@gmail.com>
-
- 11/3
- ----
-variables.c
- - fix bind_variable_internal to call a variable's dynamic 'set function'
- with the right arguments depending on whether its an associative
- array, an indexed array, or a scalar. Fixes Ubuntu bug #471504
- https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/bash/+bug/471504 reported
- by AJ Slater <aj.slater@gmail.com>
-
-[bash-4.1-beta frozen]
-
- 11/11
- -----
-builtins/printf.def
- - in getintmax(), in the case of a conversion error, return the partial
- value accumulated so far, which is suppose to be what
- strtoimax/strtoll/strtol returns
-
- 11/17
- -----
-[bash-4.1-beta released]
-
- 11/18
- -----
-builtins/{common.h,shopt.def},shell.c
- - changed shopt variable "set functions" to take the option name as
- the first argument; changed function prototypes and callers
-
-builtins/shopt.def
- - change set_compatibility_level() to turn off other compatNN options
- when one is set -- enforce mutual exclusivity. Fixes problem noted
- by Jan Schampera <jan.schampera@web.de>
-
- 11/19
- -----
-lib/readline/rltty.c
- - make sure prepare_terminal_settings() tests for the presence of
- ECHOCTL before using it. Fixes bug reported by Joachim Schmitz
- <schmitz@hp.com>
-
-config-top.h
- - new WORDEXP_OPTION define (off by default)
-
-shell.c
- - don't include the --wordexp option or the supporting function
- (run_wordexp) if WORDEXP_OPTION is not defined. Suggested by
- Aharon Robbins.
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - in execute_cond_node, turn on comsub_ignore_return if the flags
- indicate we're ignoring the return value before calling
- cond_expand_word. Fixes bug reported by Anirban Sinha
- <asinha@zeugmasystems.com>
-
- 11/20
- -----
-lib/sh/snprintf.c,builtins/printf.def
- - change check for HAVE_ASPRINTF and HAVE_SNPRINTF to check if value
- is 1 or 0 rather than whether they are defined or not. This allows
- a value of 0 to enable function replacement
-
-configure.in,aclocal.m4
- - new autoconf macro, BASH_FUNC_SNPRINTF, checks for snprintf present
- and working as C99 specifies with a zero length argument. Idea
- from Greg Wooledge <wooledg@eeg.ccf.org>
- - new macro BASH_FUNC_VSNPRINTF, does same thing for vsnprintf
-
- 11/25
- -----
-subst.c
- - in command_substitute, only tell parse_and_execute to reset the line
- number in an interactive shell if sourcelevel == 0 -- we'll use the
- line numbers from the sourced file
-
-execute_cmd.c
- - in execute_simple_command, only subtract function_line_number from
- line_number if sourcelevel == 0. If sourcing, we'll use the line
- numbers from the sourced file. Fixes bug reported by Hugo
- Mildenberger <Hugo.Mildenberger@namir.de>
-
-builtins/declare.def
- - in declare_internal, call bind_assoc_variable instead of
- bind_array_variable in the case of declare -A foo=bar. Fixes bug
- reported by Bernd Eggink <monoped@sudrala.de>.
-
- 11/27
- -----
-lib/readline/util.c
- - change declaration for _rl_walphabetic to use prototype, assuming
- that any system with multibyte characters has a compiler that can
- handle prototypes. Fix for AIX compilation problem reported by
- Nick Hillman <nick_hillman@neverbox.com>
-
- 11/28
- -----
-execute_cmd.c
- - make funcnest file-scope static and unwind-protect its value in
- execute_function, so it can be used as a real measure of function
- call nesting
-
-general.c
- - fix off-by-one error in trim_pathname that caused it to short-circuit
- when PROMPT_DIRTRIM == number of directories - 1. Fixes bug
- reported by Dennis Williamson <dennistwilliamson@gmail.com>
-
- 11/29
- -----
-jobs.c
- - when fork() returns -1/EAGAIN, call waitchld(-1, 0) so the shell can
- reap any dead jobs before trying fork again. Currently disabled
- until bash-4.2 development starts
-
-lib/readline/complete.c
- - when incrementing _rl_interrupt_immediately, make sure it's greater
- than 0 before decrementing it. In practice, not a problem, but
- the right way to do it. Suggested by Jan Kratochvil
- <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
-
-lib/readline/signals.c
- - make sure rl_signal_handler doesn't set rl_caught_signal if
- _rl_interrupt_immediately is set, so RL_CHECK_SIGNALS doesn't
- cause it to be processed twice. Suggested by Jan Kratochvil
- <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
- - if the callback interface is being used, use the code path that
- immediately handles signals. This restores the readline-5.2
- behavior. Fixes GDB readline bug reported by Jan Kratochvil
- <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
--- /dev/null
+CWRU.chlog
\ No newline at end of file
descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator.
q. The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string
- comparison according to the current locale.
+ comparison according to the current locale if the compatibility level
+ is greater than 40.
r. Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a'
when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c.
w. There is a new `compat40' shopt option.
-x. The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale
- only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default).
-
2. New Features in Readline
a. New bindable function: menu-complete-backward.
--- /dev/null
+o Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be
+ delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline.
+
+o Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file
+ system ACLs into account on file systems that support them.
+
+o Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid
+ shell variable names through into the environment passed to child
+ processes.
+
+o The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and
+ reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command
+ executes.
+
+o `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices.
+
+o New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty"
+ completion: completion attempted on an empty command line.
+
+o New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion:
+ a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been
+ defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is
+ attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions
+ as completion is attempted by having the default completion function
+ install individual completion functions each time it is invoked.
+
+o When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted.
+
+o Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended
+ after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries
+ are presented first.
+
+o The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the
+ ERR trap.
+
+o The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting
+ to parse commands.
+
+o There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to
+ forward all history entries to syslog.
+
+o A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to
+ child processes.
+
+o There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be
+ enabled by default.
+
+o New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace
+ output to that file descriptor.
+
+o If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the
+ shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file
+ descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator.
+
+o The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string
+ comparison according to the current locale.
+
+o Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a'
+ when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c.
+
+o Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to
+ the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility.
+
+o Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is
+ received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only.
+
+o The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS
+ characters, ignoring delimiters like newline.
+
+o The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via
+ callbacks in the history list.
+
+o There is a new `compat40' shopt option.
+
+o The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale
+ only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default).
+
+o New bindable readline function: menu-complete-backward.
+
+o In the readline vi-mode insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete
+ by default, and C-p to menu-complete-backward.
+
+o When in readline vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing,
+ even when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how
+ historical vi behaves.
+
+o New bindable readline function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a
+ default to consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End
+ without having to bind all keys.
+
+o New bindable readline variable: skip-completed-text, active when
+ completing in the middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters
+ in the completion that match characters in the remainder of the word are
+ "skipped" rather than inserted into the line.
+
+o The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as
+ "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version.
+
+o New bindable readline variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and
+ the tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters
+ corresponding to keyboard-generated signals.
+
+o New bindable readline variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not
+ readline sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a
+ meta key that enables eight-bit characters.
--- /dev/null
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.1 since
+the release of bash-4.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
+the place to look for complete descriptions.
+
+1. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be
+ delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline.
+
+b. Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file
+ system ACLs into account on file systems that support them.
+
+c. Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid
+ shell variable names through into the environment passed to child
+ processes.
+
+d. The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and
+ reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command
+ executes.
+
+e. `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices.
+
+f. New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty"
+ completion: completion attempted on an empty command line.
+
+g. New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion:
+ a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been
+ defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is
+ attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions
+ as completion is attempted by having the default completion function
+ install individual completion functions each time it is invoked.
+
+h. When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted.
+
+i. Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended
+ after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries
+ are presented first.
+
+j. The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the
+ ERR trap.
+
+k. The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting
+ to parse commands.
+
+l. There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to
+ forward all history entries to syslog.
+
+m. A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to
+ child processes.
+
+n. There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be
+ enabled by default.
+
+o. New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace
+ output to that file descriptor.
+
+p. If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the
+ shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file
+ descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator.
+
+q. The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string
+ comparison according to the current locale.
+
+r. Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a'
+ when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c.
+
+s. Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to
+ the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility.
+
+t. Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is
+ received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only.
+
+u. The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS
+ characters, ignoring delimiters like newline.
+
+v. The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via
+ callbacks in the history list.
+
+w. There is a new `compat40' shopt option.
+
+x. The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale
+ only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default).
+
+2. New Features in Readline
+
+a. New bindable function: menu-complete-backward.
+
+b. In the vi insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete by default,
+ and C-p to menu-complete-backward.
+
+c. When in vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, even
+ when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how
+ historical vi behaves.
+
+d. New bindable function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a default to
+ consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End without having
+ to bind all keys.
+
+e. New application-settable function: rl_filename_rewrite_hook. Can be used
+ to rewite or modify filenames read from the file system before they are
+ compared to the word to be completed.
+
+f. New bindable variable: skip-completed-text, active when completing in the
+ middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters in the completion
+ that match characters in the remainder of the word are "skipped" rather
+ than inserted into the line.
+
+g. The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as
+ "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version.
+
+h. New bindable variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and the
+ tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters corresponding
+ to keyboard-generated signals.
+
+i. New bindable variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not readline
+ sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a meta key
+ that enables eight-bit characters.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.0 since
+the release of bash-3.2. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
+the place to look for complete descriptions.
+
+1. New Features in Bash
+
+a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
+ index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
+
+b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically
+ rather than horizontally.
+
+c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of
+ the current shell.
+
+d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt
+ to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a
+ simple command.
+
+e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and
+ report any running or stopped jobs at exit.
+
+f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to
+ a character describing the type of completion being attempted.
+
+g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to
+ the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).
+
+h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash
+ will try again several times before reporting failure.
+
+i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as
+ readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.
+
+j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in
+ Posix mode, as Posix specifies.
+
+k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received
+ in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also
+ results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty
+ string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out,
+ it returns an exit status greater than 128.
+
+l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+ new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently
+ restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs
+ of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.
+
+m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number
+ of threads) options.
+
+n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes
+ (or function values and attributes if used with -f).
+
+o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify
+ completion options for existing completions or the completion currently
+ being executed.
+
+p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply
+ buffer when using readline.
+
+q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default
+ behavior for completion on an empty line.
+
+r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing
+ globbing characters.
+
+s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly
+ follow man page format.
+
+t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
+ and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
+
+u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
+ given file. The name `readarray' is a synonym.
+
+v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
+ named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
+ function arguments.
+
+w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code
+ treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within
+ them, when appropriate) recursively.
+
+x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename
+ completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during
+ completion.
+
+y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout
+ values.
+
+z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and
+ will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the
+ same number of digits.
+
+aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'.
+ It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.
+
+bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
+ variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER
+ and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line
+ and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
+ respectively.
+
+cc. There is a new &>> redirection operator, which appends the standard output
+ and standard error to the named file.
+
+dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
+ the standard error for a command through a pipe.
+
+ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to
+ continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the
+ statement rather than terminating the command.
+
+ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to
+ test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current
+ action, rather than terminating the command.
+
+gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an
+ integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will
+ retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace
+ the intervening characters with `...'.
+
+hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and
+ lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or
+ array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern
+ that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally-
+ configured feature to include capitalization operators.
+
+ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate
+ support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.
+
+jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon
+ assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options.
+ There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at
+ assignment.
+
+kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an
+ asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell.
+ Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the
+ PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables
+ with coproc-specific names.
+
+ll. A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is
+ input available to be read from the specified file descriptor.
+
+mm. CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged
+ mode.
+
+nn. New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word,
+ which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters
+ and honor shell quoting.
+
+oo. New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word
+ which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries
+ as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.
+
+2. New Features in Readline
+
+a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit
+ match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if
+ applications do this).
+
+b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover
+ the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete.
+
+c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and
+ available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections
+ (like redisplay).
+
+d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and
+ available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state
+ flag values.
+
+e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum
+ number of entries in the history list.
+
+f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements
+ over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions
+ browsing' mode.
+
+g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function
+ variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion
+ generators.
+
+h. There is support for replacing a prefix of a pathname with a `...' when
+ displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the
+ `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix
+ longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'.
+
+i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will
+ undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is
+ executed.
+
+j. If the kernel supports it, readline displays special characters
+ corresponding to a keyboard-generated signal when the signal is received.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.2 since
+the release of bash-3.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
+the place to look for complete descriptions.
+
+1. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the
+ pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that
+ combination doesn't make any sense.
+
+b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit
+ process substitution.
+
+c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34].
+
+d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires.
+
+e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now
+ checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character.
+
+f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces
+ string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
+
+2. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing
+ poll-like behavior.
+
+b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as
+ the default last-ditch startup file.
+
+c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line
+ terminators.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.1 since
+the release of bash-3.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
+the place to look for complete descriptions.
+
+1. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display
+ tracks the current locale.
+
+b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created
+ as `invisible' variables and may not be unset.
+
+c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't
+ try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires.
+
+d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify.
+
+e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde
+ expansion.
+
+f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative.
+
+g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals),
+ -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks).
+
+h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job
+ specifier.
+
+i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is
+ now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands
+ that accept assignment statements.
+
+j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed.
+
+k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running
+ in an emacs terminal window.
+
+l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text
+ to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation.
+
+m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters
+ to be emptied when the variable is unset.
+
+n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional
+ parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word
+ splitting.
+
+o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup.
+
+p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores
+ case when used by `case' and `[[' commands.
+
+q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output
+ to be placed into var instead of on stdout.
+
+r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE.
+
+s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it
+ creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the
+ shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables.
+
+t. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will
+ build bash to be POSIX conforming by default.
+
+u. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now
+ override the true terminal size.
+
+2. New Features in Readline
+
+a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically
+ bound to delete-char.
+
+b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the
+ completion list.
+
+c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero,
+ readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline
+ equivalents when it's called (on by default).
+
+d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible
+ reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound
+ to this in vi command mode.
+
+e. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES
+ and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of
+ what the kernel returns: rl_prefer_env_winsize
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.0 since
+the release of bash-2.05b. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
+the place to look for complete descriptions.
+
+1. New Features in Bash
+
+a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape.
+
+b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin.
+
+c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's
+ idea of word break characters.
+
+d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion
+ will actually be performed.
+
+e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits
+ more extensibility and backwards compatibility.
+
+f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines
+ matching a line being added to be removed from the history list.
+
+g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte
+ character support to be disabled even on systems that support it.
+
+h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
+ BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING,
+ BASH_COMMAND
+
+i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array
+ variable.
+
+j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information
+ for the debugger.
+
+k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script
+ returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution
+ if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active).
+
+l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new
+ `extdebug' shell option.
+
+m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR
+ traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to
+ `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls
+ whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts.
+
+n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action
+ list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the
+ query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case'
+ command.
+
+o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger
+ support code.
+
+p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information
+ if the `extdebug' option is set.
+
+q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes
+ the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a
+ function or sourced script forces a `return'.
+
+r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger.
+
+s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is
+ executed, for the debugger.
+
+t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is
+ enabled.
+
+u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1,
+ x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence
+ may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1.
+
+v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices)
+ of array.
+
+w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by
+ FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even
+ if they're the only possibilities.
+
+x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu
+ style' (filename:lineno:message) format.
+
+y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the
+ whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't
+ result in a match.
+
+z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory
+ name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the
+ possible completions.
+
+aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without
+ job control.
+
+bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to
+ strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out
+ timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying
+ history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out
+ timestamp information when the history file is written.
+
+cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs
+ extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching.
+
+dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default)
+ to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]].
+
+ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new
+ BASH_REMATCH array variable.
+
+ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname
+ expansion fails to produce a match.
+
+gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure
+ status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last
+ one.
+
+hh. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
+
+ii. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
+
+jj. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's
+ messages can be translated into different languages.
+
+kk. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.
+
+ll. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied
+ as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify
+ the error as coming from bash.
+
+mm. The parameter pattern removal and substitution expansions are now much
+ faster and more efficient when using multibyte characters.
+
+nn. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
+ even if job control is not enabled.
+
+oo. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument
+ to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is
+ now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument.
+
+2. New Features in Readline
+
+a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier
+ for compatibility with the BSD csh.
+
+b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g'
+ modifier, which performs a substitution once per word.
+
+c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of
+ replacing the current line with the history line.
+
+d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with
+ `.'.
+
+e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline
+ completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more
+ than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed.
+
+f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function.
+
+g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file
+ functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated
+ with each entry.
+
+h. Four new key binding functions have been added:
+
+ rl_bind_key_if_unbound()
+ rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map()
+ rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound()
+ rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map()
+
+i. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any
+ quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion
+ function.
+
+j. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an
+ application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not
+ attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word.
+
+k. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero
+ value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted.
+ Set before readline calls any application completion function.
+
+l. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline
+ needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows
+ the word break characters to vary based on position in the line.
+
+m. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as
+ unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters.
+
+n. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the
+ `mark-directories' option has been enabled.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05b since
+the release of bash-2.05a. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
+the place to look for complete descriptions.
+
+1. New Features in Bash
+
+a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin.
+
+b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and
+ `-P' forces a $PATH search.
+
+c. New code to handle multibyte characters.
+
+d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is
+ reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL.
+ The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option.
+
+e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be
+ appended to names which are symlinks to directories.
+
+f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command,
+ like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode.
+
+g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching.
+
+h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X.
+
+i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts
+ the result into the expanded prompt.
+
+j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the
+ machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long.
+
+k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion
+ functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted.
+
+l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed
+ with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set.
+
+m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses
+ readline's appending a space to the completed word.
+
+n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word.
+
+o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown
+ separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use
+ the old output would result in syntax errors).
+
+p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls
+ bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at
+ allocation and free time.
+
+q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service'
+ option to complete on names from /etc/services.
+
+r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor.
+
+s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name
+ don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop.
+
+t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more
+ intuitively.
+
+u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the
+ argument if it contains non-printing characters.
+
+v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied
+ to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named
+ function. Currently has no effect on variables.
+
+w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands,
+ [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops.
+
+x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the
+ function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a
+ script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as
+ POSIX-2001 requires.
+
+y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the
+ new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like,
+ and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code
+ from Gary Vaughan.
+
+z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup
+ and close).
+
+aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'.
+
+bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable
+ format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table.
+
+cc. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files
+ installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned
+ on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure.
+
+dd. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except
+ `echo'.
+
+ee. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following
+ the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/
+ POSIX.1-2001 compliance.
+
+
+2. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both
+ be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi
+ insert mode.
+
+b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than
+ the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results.
+ This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on).
+
+c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters.
+
+d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to
+ append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has
+ been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories'
+ variable (default is the 2.05a behavior).
+
+e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric
+ argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a
+ comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text
+
+f. New application-settable completion variable:
+ rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion
+ function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending
+ slashes to names which are symlinks to directories.
+
+g. New function available to application completion functions:
+ rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked
+ and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list
+ completions, etc.).
+
+h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode'
+ bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'.
+
+i. New application-settable completion variable:
+ rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of
+ rl_completion_append_character to completed words.
+
+j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks
+ the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search
+ string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string,
+ DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05a since
+the release of bash-2.05. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
+the place to look for complete descriptions.
+
+1. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a
+ `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging.
+
+b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX
+ drafts.
+
+c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from
+ ISO C99).
+
+d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications
+ (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns).
+
+e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts,
+ but ignored.
+
+f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the
+ shell is a login shell.
+
+g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format.
+
+h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name
+ completion.
+
+i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument.
+
+j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup.
+
+k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional
+ `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed
+ to PATH.
+
+l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run
+ whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled.
+ It is not inherited by shell functions.
+
+m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been
+ given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and
+ a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX
+ drafts require.
+
+n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default.
+
+o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities.
+
+p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX
+ drafts require.
+
+q. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard',
+ meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft
+ limit, in addition to `unlimited'
+
+r. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular
+ resource when printing more than one limit.
+
+s. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is
+ one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively.
+
+t. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're
+ implemented by printf(3).
+
+u. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f).
+
+v. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The
+ corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the
+ value is assigned.
+
+2. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a
+ public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h).
+
+b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402,
+ RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2.
+
+c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION.
+
+d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls
+ completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default.
+
+e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a
+ `:first-' modifier, like csh.
+
+f. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history
+ code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history
+ line retrived with previous-history or next-history.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05 since
+the release of bash-2.04. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
+the place to look for complete descriptions.
+
+1. New Features in Bash
+
+a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile',
+ per the new GNU coding standards.
+
+b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as
+ port numbers.
+
+c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some
+ of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are:
+
+ default - perform bash default completion if programmable
+ completion produces no matches
+ dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable
+ completion produces no matches
+ filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames,
+ so it can do things like append slashes to
+ directory names and suppress trailing spaces
+
+d. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks
+ in pathname arguments.
+
+e. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a
+ way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and
+ `declare -p' as well. This only happens when the shell is not in POSIX
+ mode, since POSIX.2 forbids this behavior.
+
+f. Bash-2.05 once again honors the current locale setting when processing
+ ranges within pattern matching bracket expressions (e.g., [A-Z]).
+
+2. New Features in Readline
+
+a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications,
+ via the rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() function.
+
+b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means
+ it's now part of the public interface.
+
+c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that
+ encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by
+ callbacks and hook functions.
+
+d. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt):
+ expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result.
+
+e. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols):
+ public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen
+ dimensions.
+
+f. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns
+ readline's idea of the screen dimensions.
+
+g. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function)
+ is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()).
+
+h. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old
+ variable is maintained for backwards compatibility.
+
+i. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is
+ now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default
+ value is as before.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.04 since
+the release of bash-2.03. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
+the place to look for complete descriptions.
+
+1. New Features in Bash
+
+a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry
+ at position `offset'.
+
+b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of
+ active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name.
+
+c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell
+ commands.
+
+d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when
+ enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line.
+
+e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage
+ synopsis.
+
+f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable
+ post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variable pre-increment/decrement),
+ expr1 , expr2 (comma operator).
+
+g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command:
+ for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
+
+h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options:
+ -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input
+ -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line
+ -d delim read until delim rather than newline
+ -s don't echo input chars as they are read
+
+i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially:
+ /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or
+ not they are present in the file system.
+
+j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form
+ /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket
+ of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host.
+
+k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all
+ shell variables with prefix PREFIX, has been implemented.
+
+l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of
+ a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect.
+
+m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently
+ discarded. This means it can be unset.
+
+n. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands:
+ complete and compgen.
+
+o. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the
+ programmable completion features (enabled by default).
+
+p. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable
+ completion at runtime.
+
+q. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion.
+
+r. configure has a new option, `--enable-bash-malloc', replacing the old
+ `--with-gnu-malloc' (which is still present for backwards compatibility).
+
+s. There is a new manual page describing rbash, the restricted shell.
+
+t. `bashbug' has new `--help' and `--version' options.
+
+u. `shopt' has a new `xpg_echo' option, which controls the behavior of
+ `echo' with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime.
+
+v. If NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS is defined, all login shells read the
+ startup files, even if they are not interactive.
+
+w. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the
+ LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf'
+ displays floating-point numbers.
+
+2. New features in Readline
+
+a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled
+ or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is
+ changed.
+
+b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename.
+
+c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file.
+
+d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the
+ line when the string to search for is empty, like
+ {reverse,forward}-search-history.
+
+e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found
+ in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails.
+
+f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used
+ when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline().
+
+g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application
+ that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to
+ a non-zero value.
+
+h. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an
+ application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real'
+ readline library or some substitute.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.03 since
+the release of bash-2.02. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
+the place to look for complete descriptions.
+
+1. New Features in Bash
+
+a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the
+ shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files.
+
+b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in
+ array assignments (which it probably should have done all along).
+
+c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require.
+
+d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell.
+
+e. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with
+ the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login
+ shell startup files.
+
+2. New Features in Readline
+
+a. Many changes to the signal handling:
+ o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning;
+ o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers
+ to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own
+ signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP,
+ SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU;
+ o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application
+ writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its
+ own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling
+ applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed;
+ o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal
+ handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current
+ line after receiving a signal;
+ o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the
+ display and terminal state after receiving a signal;
+ o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the
+ terminal and display state after an application signal handler
+ returns and readline continues
+
+b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of
+ the screen size after a SIGWINCH.
+
+c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were
+ previously private functions with a `_' prefix.
+
+d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts
+ reading input, after initialization.
+
+e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would
+ display the list of completion matches. The new function
+ rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available
+ for use by application functions called via this hook.
+
+f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh.
+
+g. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using
+ readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the
+ only thing typed was a newline.
+
+h. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'.
+
+i. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default).
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.02 since
+the release of bash-2.01.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
+the place to look for complete descriptions.
+
+1. New Features in Bash
+
+a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many
+ changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage,
+ and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed.
+
+b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many
+ changes and range checking included by default.
+
+c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic
+ Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating
+ symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern
+ matching.
+
+d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been
+ implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'.
+
+e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements
+ extended `test' functionality.
+
+f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2
+ specification.
+
+g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands
+ to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed
+ (equivalent to $(cat filename)).
+
+h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the
+ directory stack.
+
+i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation.
+
+j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked:
+ `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and
+ `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically.
+
+k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which
+ controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by
+ default.
+
+l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which
+ controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included.
+ It is enabled by default.
+
+m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled,
+ will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user-
+ specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is
+ interactive.
+
+n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump
+ a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format.
+
+o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive
+ pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct.
+
+p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes
+ the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell
+ exits.
+
+q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an
+ argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a
+ specified keymap.
+
+r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs
+ and running jobs, respectively.
+
+s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable
+ format.
+
+t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument
+ has been modified since it was last accessed.
+
+u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format.
+
+v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...'
+ translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN
+ in hexadecimal.
+
+w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence.
+
+x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on
+ a Unix machine.
+
+2. New Features in Readline
+
+a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user
+ can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history
+ lines.
+
+b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion
+ matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up
+ and down the screen (like `ls').
+
+c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion
+ and matching to be performed case-insensitively.
+
+d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history
+ expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to
+ be inserted into the result.
+
+e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like
+ menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single
+ completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions).
+
+f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32
+ systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing
+ buffer.
+
+g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash
+ escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences
+ may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values.
+
+h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.01 since
+the release of bash-2.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the
+place to look for complete descriptions.
+
+1. New Features in Bash
+
+a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which
+ the user belongs. This is used by the test suite.
+
+2. New Features in Readline
+
+a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a
+ numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the
+ argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple
+ instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.0 since
+the release of bash-1.14.7. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
+the place to look for complete descriptions.
+
+1. New Features in Bash
+
+a. There is a new invocation option, -D, that dumps translatable strings
+ in a script.
+
+b. The `long' invocation options must now be prefixed with `--'.
+
+c. New long invocation options: --dump-strings, --help, --verbose
+
+d. The `nolineediting' invocation option was renamed to `noediting'.
+
+e. The `nobraceexpansion' and `quiet' long invocation options were removed.
+
+f. The `--help' and `--version' long options now work as the GNU coding
+ standards specify.
+
+g. If invoked as `sh', bash now enters posix mode after reading the
+ startup files, and reads and executes commands from the file named
+ by $ENV if interactive (as POSIX.2 specifies). A login shell invoked
+ as `sh' reads $ENV after /etc/profile and ~/.profile.
+
+h. There is a new reserved word, `time', for timing pipelines, builtin
+ commands, and shell functions. It uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT
+ variable as a format string describing how to print the timing
+ statistics.
+
+i. The $'...' quoting syntax expands ANSI-C escapes in ... and leaves the
+ result single-quoted.
+
+j. The $"..." quoting syntax performs locale-specific translation of ...
+ and leaves the result double-quoted.
+
+k. LINENO now works correctly in functions.
+
+l. New variables: DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, BASH_VERSINFO, HOSTNAME, SHELLOPTS,
+ MACHTYPE. The first three are array variables.
+
+m. The BASH_VERSION and BASH_VERSINFO variables now include the shell's
+ `release status' (alpha[N], beta[N], release).
+
+n. Some variables have been removed: MAIL_WARNING, notify, history_control,
+ command_oriented_history, glob_dot_filenames, allow_null_glob_expansion,
+ nolinks, hostname_completion_file, noclobber, no_exit_on_failed_exec, and
+ cdable_vars. Most of them are now implemented with the new `shopt'
+ builtin; others were already implemented by `set'.
+
+o. Bash now uses some new variables: LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES, LC_CTYPE,
+ LC_COLLATE, LANG, GLOBIGNORE, HISTIGNORE.
+
+p. The shell now supports integer-indexed arrays of unlimited length,
+ with a new compound assignment syntax and changes to the appropriate
+ builtin commands (declare/typeset, read, readonly, etc.). The array
+ index may be an arithmetic expression.
+
+q. ${!var}: indirect variable expansion, equivalent to eval \${$var}.
+
+r. ${paramter:offset[:length]}: variable substring extraction.
+
+s. ${parameter/pattern[/[/]string]}: variable pattern substitution.
+
+t. The $[...] arithmetic expansion syntax is no longer supported, in
+ favor of $((...)).
+
+u. Aliases can now be expanded in shell scripts with a shell option
+ (shopt expand_aliases).
+
+v. History and history expansion can now be used in scripts with
+ set -o history and set -H.
+
+w. All builtins now return an exit status of 2 for incorrect usage.
+
+x. Interactive shells resend SIGHUP to all running or stopped children
+ if (and only if) they exit due to a SIGHUP.
+
+y. New prompting expansions: \a, \e, \H, \T, \@, \v, \V.
+
+z. Variable expansion in prompt strings is now controllable via a shell
+ option (shopt promptvars).
+
+aa. Bash now defaults to using command-oriented history.
+
+bb. The history file ($HISTFILE) is now truncated to $HISTFILESIZE after
+ being written.
+
+cc. The POSIX.2 conditional arithmetic evaluation syntax (expr ? expr : expr)
+ has been implemented.
+
+dd. Each builtin now accepts `--' to signify the end of the options, except
+ as documented (echo, etc.).
+
+ee. All builtins use -p to display values in a re-readable format where
+ appropriate, except as documented (echo, type, etc.).
+
+ff. The `alias' builtin has a new -p option.
+
+gg. Changes to the `bind' builtin:
+ o has new options: -psPSVr.
+ o the `-d' option was renamed to `-p'
+ o the `-v' option now dumps variables; the old `-v' is now `-P'
+
+hh. The `bye' synonym for `exit' was removed.
+
+ii. The -L and -P options to `cd' and `pwd' have been documented.
+
+jj. The `cd' builtin now does spelling correction on the directory name
+ by default. This is settable with a shell option (shopt cdspell).
+
+kk. The `declare' builtin has new options: -a, -F, -p.
+
+ll. The `dirs' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -v.
+
+mm. The new `disown' builtin removes jobs from the shell's jobs table
+ or inhibits the resending of SIGHUP when the shell receives a
+ SIGHUP.
+
+nn. The `echo' builtin has a new escape character: \e.
+
+oo. The `enable' builtin can now load new builtins dynamically from shared
+ objects on systems with the dlopen/dlsym interface. There are a number
+ of examples in the examples/loadables directory. There are also
+ new options: -d, -f, -s, -p.
+
+pp. The `-all' option to `enable' was removed in favor of `-a'.
+
+qq. The `exec' builtin has new options: -l, -c, -a.
+
+rr. The `hash' builtin has a new option: -p.
+
+ss. The `history' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -s.
+
+tt. The `jobs' builtin has new options: -r, -s.
+
+uu. The `kill' builtin has new options: -n signum, -l signame.
+
+vv. The `pushd' and `popd' builtins have a new option: -n.
+
+ww. The `read' builtin has new options: -p prompt, -e, -a.
+
+xx. The `readonly' builtin has a new -a option, and the -n option was removed.
+
+yy. Changes to the `set' builtin:
+ o new options: -B, -o keyword, -o onecmd, -o history
+ o options removed: -l, -d, -o nohash
+ o options changed: +o, -h, -o hashall
+ o now displays variables in a format that can be re-read as input
+
+zz. The new `shopt' builtin controls shell optional behavior previously
+ done by setting and unsetting certain shell variables.
+
+aaa. The `test' builtin has new operators: -o option, s1 == s2, s1 < s2,
+ and s1 > s2, where s1 and s2 are strings.
+
+bbb. There is a new trap, DEBUG, executed after every simple command.
+
+ccc. The `trap' builtin has a new -p option.
+
+ddd. The `ulimit' builtin has a new -l option on 4.4BSD-based systems.
+
+eee. The PS1, PS2, PATH, and IFS variables may now be unset.
+
+fff. The restricted shell mode has been expanded and is now documented.
+
+ggg. Security improvements:
+ o functions are not imported from the environment if running setuid
+ or with -p
+ o no startup files are sourced if running setuid or with -p
+
+hhh. The documentation has been overhauled: the texinfo manual was
+ expanded, and HTML versions of the man page and texinfo manual
+ are included.
+
+iii. Changes to Posix mode:
+ o Command lookup now finds special builtins before shell functions.
+ o Failure of a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to
+ exit. Failures are defined in the POSIX.2 specification.
+ o If the `cd' builtin finds a directory to change to using $CDPATH,
+ the value assigned to PWD when `cd' completes does not contain
+ any symbolic links.
+ o A non-interactive shell exits if a variable assignment error
+ occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements.
+ o A non-interactive shell exits if the interation variable in a
+ `for' statement or the selection variable in a `select' statement
+ is read-only or another variable assignment error occurs.
+ o The `<>' redirection operator now opens a file for both stdin and
+ stdout by default, not just when in posix mode.
+ o Assignment statements preceding special builtins now persist in
+ the shell's environment when the builtin completes.
+
+ Posix mode is now completely POSIX.2-compliant (modulo bugs). When
+ invoked as sh, bash should be completely POSIX.2-compliant.
+
+jjj. The default value of PS1 is now "\s-\v\$ ".
+
+kkk. The ksh-like ((...)) arithmetic command syntax has been implemented.
+ This is exactly equivalent to `let "..."'.
+
+lll. Integer constants have been extended to base 64.
+
+mmm. The `ulimit' builtin now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the
+ soft limit by default.
+
+2. New Features in Readline
+
+a. New variables: enable-keypad, input-meta (new name for meta-flag),
+ mark-directories, visible-stats (now documented), disable-completion,
+ comment-begin.
+
+b. New bindable commands: kill-region, copy-region-as-kill,
+ copy-backward-word, copy-forward-word, set-mark, exchange-point-and-mark,
+ character-search, character-search-backward, insert-comment,
+ glob-expand-word, glob-list-expansions, dump-variables, dump-macros.
+
+c. New emacs keybindings: delete-horizontal-space (M-\),
+ insert-completions (M-*), possible-completions (M-=).
+
+d. The history-search-backward and history-search-forward commands were
+ modified to be the same as previous-line and next-line if point is at
+ the start of the line.
+
+e. More file types are available for the visible-stats mode.
+
+3. Changes of interest in the Bash implementation
+
+a. There is a new autoconf-based configuration mechanism.
+
+b. More things have been moved from Posix mode to standard shell behavior.
+
+c. The trace output (set -x) now inserts quotes where necessary so it can
+ be reused as input.
+
+d. There is a compile-time option for a system-wide interactive shell
+ startup file (disabled by default).
+
+e. The YACC grammar is smaller and tighter, and all 66 shift-reduce
+ conflicts are gone. Several parsing bugs have been fixed.
+
+f. Builtin option parsing has been regularized (using internal_getopt()),
+ with the exception of `echo', `type', and `set'.
+
+g. Builtins now return standard usage messages constructed from the
+ `short doc' used by the help builtin.
+
+h. Completion now quotes using backslashes by default, but honors
+ user-supplied quotes.
+
+i. The GNU libc malloc is available as a configure-time option.
+
+j. There are more internationalization features; bash uses gettext if
+ it is available. The $"..." translation syntax uses the current
+ locale and gettext.
+
+k. There is better reporting of job termination when the shell is not
+ interactive.
+
+l. The shell is somewhat more efficient: it uses a little less memory and
+ makes fewer system calls.
+
+4. Changes of interest in the Readline implementation
+
+a. There is now support for readline `callback' functions.
+
+b. There is now support for user-supplied input, redisplay, and terminal
+ preparation functions.
+
+c. Most of the shell-specific code in readline has been generalized or
+ removed.
+
+d. Most of the annoying redisplay bugs have been fixed, notably the problems
+ with incremental search and excessive redrawing when special characters
+ appear in the prompt string.
+
+e. There are new library functions and variables available to application
+ writers, most having to do with completion and quoting.
+
+f. The NEWLINE character (^J) is now treated as a search terminator by the
+ incremental search functions.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
+are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
+notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is,
+without any warranty.
--- /dev/null
+This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.10, for Bash version 4.1.
+
+This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning
+Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command
+interpreter with advanced features for both interactive use and shell
+programming.
+
+Another good source of basic information about shells is the collection
+of FAQ articles periodically posted to comp.unix.shell.
+
+Questions and comments concerning this document should be sent to
+chet.ramey@case.edu.
+
+This document is available for anonymous FTP with the URL
+
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/FAQ
+
+The Bash home page is http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/bash/bashtop.html
+
+----------
+Contents:
+
+Section A: The Basics
+
+A1) What is it?
+A2) What's the latest version?
+A3) Where can I get it?
+A4) On what machines will bash run?
+A5) Will bash run on operating systems other than Unix?
+A6) How can I build bash with gcc?
+A7) How can I make bash my login shell?
+A8) I just changed my login shell to bash, and now I can't FTP into my
+ machine. Why not?
+A9) What's the `POSIX Shell and Utilities standard'?
+A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
+
+Section B: The latest version
+
+B1) What's new in version 4.1?
+B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.1 and
+ previous bash versions?
+
+Section C: Differences from other Unix shells
+
+C1) How does bash differ from sh, the Bourne shell?
+C2) How does bash differ from the Korn shell, version ksh88?
+C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?
+
+Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells?
+
+D1) Why does bash run a different version of `command' than
+ `which command' says it will?
+D2) Why doesn't bash treat brace expansions exactly like csh?
+D3) Why doesn't bash have csh variable modifiers?
+D4) How can I make my csh aliases work when I convert to bash?
+D5) How can I pipe standard output and standard error from one command to
+ another, like csh does with `|&'?
+D6) Now that I've converted from ksh to bash, are there equivalents to
+ ksh features like autoloaded functions and the `whence' command?
+
+Section E: Why does bash do certain things the way it does?
+
+E1) Why is the bash builtin `test' slightly different from /bin/test?
+E2) Why does bash sometimes say `Broken pipe'?
+E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash
+ wrap lines at the wrong column?
+E4) If I pipe the output of a command into `read variable', why doesn't
+ the output show up in $variable when the read command finishes?
+E5) I have a bunch of shell scripts that use backslash-escaped characters
+ in arguments to `echo'. Bash doesn't interpret these characters. Why
+ not, and how can I make it understand them?
+E6) Why doesn't a while or for loop get suspended when I type ^Z?
+E7) What about empty for loops in Makefiles?
+E8) Why does the arithmetic evaluation code complain about `08'?
+E9) Why does the pattern matching expression [A-Z]* match files beginning
+ with every letter except `z'?
+E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'?
+E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash
+ notice the change?
+E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect?
+E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename?
+E14) Why does quoting the pattern argument to the regular expression matching
+ conditional operator (=~) cause matching to stop working?
+E15) Tell me more about the shell compatibility level.
+
+Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
+
+F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
+F2) I built bash on Solaris 2. Why do globbing expansions and filename
+ completion chop off the first few characters of each filename?
+F3) Why does bash dump core after I interrupt username completion or
+ `~user' tilde expansion on a machine running NIS?
+F4) I'm running SVR4.2. Why is the line erased every time I type `@'?
+F5) Why does bash report syntax errors when my C News scripts use a
+ redirection before a subshell command?
+F6) Why can't I use vi-mode editing on Red Hat Linux 6.1?
+F7) Why do bash-2.05a and bash-2.05b fail to compile `printf.def' on
+ HP/UX 11.x?
+
+Section G: How can I get bash to do certain common things?
+
+G1) How can I get bash to read and display eight-bit characters?
+G2) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but
+ still invoke the command from within the function?
+G3) How can I find the value of a shell variable whose name is the value
+ of another shell variable?
+G4) How can I make the bash `time' reserved word print timing output that
+ looks like the output from my system's /usr/bin/time?
+G5) How do I get the current directory into my prompt?
+G6) How can I rename "*.foo" to "*.bar"?
+G7) How can I translate a filename from uppercase to lowercase?
+G8) How can I write a filename expansion (globbing) pattern that will match
+ all files in the current directory except "." and ".."?
+
+Section H: Where do I go from here?
+
+H1) How do I report bugs in bash, and where should I look for fixes and
+ advice?
+H2) What kind of bash documentation is there?
+H3) What's coming in future versions?
+H4) What's on the bash `wish list'?
+H5) When will the next release appear?
+
+----------
+Section A: The Basics
+
+A1) What is it?
+
+Bash is a Unix command interpreter (shell). It is an implementation of
+the Posix 1003.2 shell standard, and resembles the Korn and System V
+shells.
+
+Bash contains a number of enhancements over those shells, both
+for interactive use and shell programming. Features geared
+toward interactive use include command line editing, command
+history, job control, aliases, and prompt expansion. Programming
+features include additional variable expansions, shell
+arithmetic, and a number of variables and options to control
+shell behavior.
+
+Bash was originally written by Brian Fox of the Free Software
+Foundation. The current developer and maintainer is Chet Ramey
+of Case Western Reserve University.
+
+A2) What's the latest version?
+
+The latest version is 4.1, first made available on XX January, 2010.
+
+A3) Where can I get it?
+
+Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the
+master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. The
+latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu.
+The following URLs tell how to get version 4.1:
+
+ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz
+
+Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs:
+
+ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz
+
+Any patches for the current version are available with the URL:
+
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1-patches/
+
+A4) On what machines will bash run?
+
+Bash has been ported to nearly every version of Unix. All you
+should have to do to build it on a machine for which a port
+exists is to type `configure' and then `make'. The build process
+will attempt to discover the version of Unix you have and tailor
+itself accordingly, using a script created by GNU autoconf.
+
+More information appears in the file `INSTALL' in the distribution.
+
+The Bash web page (http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/bash/bashtop.html)
+explains how to obtain binary versions of bash for most of the major
+commercial Unix systems.
+
+A5) Will bash run on operating systems other than Unix?
+
+Configuration specifics for Unix-like systems such as QNX and
+LynxOS are included in the distribution. Bash-2.05 and later
+versions should compile and run on Minix 2.0 (patches were
+contributed), but I don't believe anyone has built bash-2.x on
+earlier Minix versions yet.
+
+Bash has been ported to versions of Windows implementing the Win32
+programming interface. This includes Windows 95 and Windows NT.
+The port was done by Cygnus Solutions (now part of Red Hat) as part
+of their CYGWIN project. For more information about the project, see
+http://www.cygwin.com/.
+
+Cygnus originally ported bash-1.14.7, and that port was part of their
+early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done
+ports of bash-3.2 and bash-4.0 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
+are available as part of their current release.
+
+Bash-2.05b and later versions should require no local Cygnus changes to
+build and run under CYGWIN.
+
+DJ Delorie has a port of bash-2.x which runs under MS-DOS, as part
+of the DJGPP project. For more information on the project, see
+
+http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/
+
+I have been told that the original DJGPP port was done by Daisuke Aoyama.
+
+Mark Elbrecht <snowball3@bigfoot.com> has sent me notice that bash-2.04
+is available for DJGPP V2. The files are available as:
+
+ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204b.zip binary
+ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204d.zip documentation
+ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204s.zip source
+
+Mark began to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the current status.
+
+Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services
+for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix. I do not anticipate any problems
+with building bash-4.1, but will gladly accept any patches that are needed.
+
+A6) How can I build bash with gcc?
+
+Bash configures to use gcc by default if it is available. Read the
+file INSTALL in the distribution for more information.
+
+A7) How can I make bash my login shell?
+
+Some machines let you use `chsh' to change your login shell. Other
+systems use `passwd -s' or `passwd -e'. If one of these works for
+you, that's all you need. Note that many systems require the full
+pathname to a shell to appear in /etc/shells before you can make it
+your login shell. For this, you may need the assistance of your
+friendly local system administrator.
+
+If you cannot do this, you can still use bash as your login shell, but
+you need to perform some tricks. The basic idea is to add a command
+to your login shell's startup file to replace your login shell with
+bash.
+
+For example, if your login shell is csh or tcsh, and you have installed
+bash in /usr/gnu/bin/bash, add the following line to ~/.login:
+
+ if ( -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ) exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
+
+(the `--login' tells bash that it is a login shell).
+
+It's not a good idea to put this command into ~/.cshrc, because every
+csh you run without the `-f' option, even ones started to run csh scripts,
+reads that file. If you must put the command in ~/.cshrc, use something
+like
+
+ if ( $?prompt ) exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
+
+to ensure that bash is exec'd only when the csh is interactive.
+
+If your login shell is sh or ksh, you have to do two things.
+
+First, create an empty file in your home directory named `.bash_profile'.
+The existence of this file will prevent the exec'd bash from trying to
+read ~/.profile, and re-execing itself over and over again. ~/.bash_profile
+is the first file bash tries to read initialization commands from when
+it is invoked as a login shell.
+
+Next, add a line similar to the above to ~/.profile:
+
+ [ -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && [ -x /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && \
+ exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
+
+This will cause login shells to replace themselves with bash running as
+a login shell. Once you have this working, you can copy your initialization
+code from ~/.profile to ~/.bash_profile.
+
+I have received word that the recipe supplied above is insufficient for
+machines running CDE. CDE has a maze of twisty little startup files, all
+slightly different.
+
+If you cannot change your login shell in the password file to bash, you
+will have to (apparently) live with CDE using the shell in the password
+file to run its startup scripts. If you have changed your shell to bash,
+there is code in the CDE startup files (on Solaris, at least) that attempts
+to do the right thing. It is, however, often broken, and may require that
+you use the $BASH_ENV trick described below.
+
+`dtterm' claims to use $SHELL as the default program to start, so if you
+can change $SHELL in the CDE startup files, you should be able to use bash
+in your terminal windows.
+
+Setting DTSOURCEPROFILE in ~/.dtprofile will cause the `Xsession' program
+to read your login shell's startup files. You may be able to use bash for
+the rest of the CDE programs by setting SHELL to bash in ~/.dtprofile as
+well, but I have not tried this.
+
+You can use the above `exec' recipe to start bash when not logging in with
+CDE by testing the value of the DT variable:
+
+ if [ -n "$DT" ]; then
+ [ -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
+ fi
+
+If CDE starts its shells non-interactively during login, the login shell
+startup files (~/.profile, ~/.bash_profile) will not be sourced at login.
+To get around this problem, append a line similar to the following to your
+~/.dtprofile:
+
+ BASH_ENV=${HOME}/.bash_profile ; export BASH_ENV
+
+and add the following line to the beginning of ~/.bash_profile:
+
+ unset BASH_ENV
+
+A8) I just changed my login shell to bash, and now I can't FTP into my
+ machine. Why not?
+
+You must add the full pathname to bash to the file /etc/shells. As
+noted in the answer to the previous question, many systems require
+this before you can make bash your login shell.
+
+Most versions of ftpd use this file to prohibit `special' users
+such as `uucp' and `news' from using FTP.
+
+A9) What's the `POSIX Shell and Utilities standard'?
+
+POSIX is a name originally coined by Richard Stallman for a
+family of open system standards based on UNIX. There are a
+number of aspects of UNIX under consideration for
+standardization, from the basic system services at the system
+call and C library level to applications and tools to system
+administration and management. Each area of standardization is
+assigned to a working group in the 1003 series.
+
+The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard was originally developed by
+IEEE Working Group 1003.2 (POSIX.2). Today it has been merged with
+the original 1003.1 Working Group and is maintained by the Austin
+Group (a joint working group of the IEEE, The Open Group and
+ISO/IEC SC22/WG15). Today the Shell and Utilities are a volume
+within the set of documents that make up IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, and
+thus now the former POSIX.2 (from 1992) is now part of the current
+POSIX.1 standard (POSIX 1003.1-2001).
+
+The Shell and Utilities volume concentrates on the command
+interpreter interface and utility programs commonly executed from
+the command line or by other programs. The standard is freely
+available on the web at http://www.UNIX-systems.org/version3/ .
+Work continues at the Austin Group on maintenance issues; see
+http://www.opengroup.org/austin/ to join the discussions.
+
+Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's behavior defined
+by the POSIX Shell and Utilities volume. The shell command
+language has of course been standardized, including the basic flow
+control and program execution constructs, I/O redirection and
+pipelining, argument handling, variable expansion, and quoting.
+
+The `special' builtins, which must be implemented as part of the
+shell to provide the desired functionality, are specified as
+being part of the shell; examples of these are `eval' and
+`export'. Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX not
+devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in some cases must
+be) implemented as builtin commands, such as `read' and `test'.
+POSIX also specifies aspects of the shell's interactive
+behavior as part of the UPE, including job control and command
+line editing. Only vi-style line editing commands have been
+standardized; emacs editing commands were left out due to
+objections.
+
+The latest version of the POSIX Shell and Utilities standard is
+available (now updated to the 2004 Edition) as part of the Single
+UNIX Specification Version 3 at
+
+http://www.UNIX-systems.org/version3/
+
+A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
+
+Although bash is an implementation of the POSIX shell
+specification, there are areas where the bash default behavior
+differs from that spec. The bash `posix mode' changes the bash
+behavior in these areas so that it obeys the spec more closely.
+
+Posix mode is entered by starting bash with the --posix or
+'-o posix' option or executing `set -o posix' after bash is running.
+
+The specific aspects of bash which change when posix mode is
+active are listed in the file POSIX in the bash distribution.
+They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual
+(from which that file is generated).
+
+Section B: The latest version
+
+B1) What's new in version 4.1?
+
+Bash-4.1 is the first revision to the fourth major release of bash.
+
+Bash-4.1 contains the following new features (see the manual page for
+complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-4.1
+distribution):
+
+o Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be
+ delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline.
+
+o Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file
+ system ACLs into account on file systems that support them.
+
+o Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid
+ shell variable names through into the environment passed to child
+ processes.
+
+o The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and
+ reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command
+ executes.
+
+o `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices.
+
+o New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty"
+ completion: completion attempted on an empty command line.
+
+o New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion:
+ a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been
+ defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is
+ attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions
+ as completion is attempted by having the default completion function
+ install individual completion functions each time it is invoked.
+
+o When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted.
+
+o Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended
+ after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries
+ are presented first.
+
+o The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the
+ ERR trap.
+
+o The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting
+ to parse commands.
+
+o There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to
+ forward all history entries to syslog.
+
+o A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to
+ child processes.
+
+o There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be
+ enabled by default.
+
+o New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace
+ output to that file descriptor.
+
+o If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the
+ shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file
+ descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator.
+
+o The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string
+ comparison according to the current locale.
+
+o Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a'
+ when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c.
+
+o Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to
+ the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility.
+
+o Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is
+ received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only.
+
+o The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS
+ characters, ignoring delimiters like newline.
+
+o The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via
+ callbacks in the history list.
+
+o There is a new `compat40' shopt option.
+
+o The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale
+ only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default).
+
+o New bindable readline function: menu-complete-backward.
+
+o In the readline vi-mode insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete
+ by default, and C-p to menu-complete-backward.
+
+o When in readline vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing,
+ even when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how
+ historical vi behaves.
+
+o New bindable readline function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a
+ default to consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End
+ without having to bind all keys.
+
+o New bindable readline variable: skip-completed-text, active when
+ completing in the middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters
+ in the completion that match characters in the remainder of the word are
+ "skipped" rather than inserted into the line.
+
+o The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as
+ "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version.
+
+o New bindable readline variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and
+ the tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters
+ corresponding to keyboard-generated signals.
+
+o New bindable readline variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not
+ readline sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a
+ meta key that enables eight-bit characters.
+
+A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
+
+Bash-4.0 contained the following new features:
+
+o When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
+ index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
+
+o There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of
+ the current shell.
+
+o There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt
+ to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a
+ simple command.
+
+o There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and
+ report any running or stopped jobs at exit.
+
+o The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to
+ a character describing the type of completion being attempted.
+
+o The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to
+ the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).
+
+o The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as
+ readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.
+
+o The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in
+ Posix mode, as Posix specifies.
+
+o Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received
+ in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also
+ results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty
+ string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out,
+ it returns an exit status greater than 128.
+
+o The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+ new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently
+ restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs
+ of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.
+
+o The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number
+ of threads) options.
+
+o There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify
+ completion options for existing completions or the completion currently
+ being executed.
+
+o The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply
+ buffer when using readline.
+
+o A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default
+ behavior for completion on an empty line.
+
+o There is now limited support for completing command name words containing
+ globbing characters.
+
+o The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
+ and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
+
+o There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
+ given file.
+
+o If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
+ named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
+ function arguments.
+
+o There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code
+ treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within
+ them, when appropriate) recursively.
+
+o There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename
+ completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during
+ completion.
+
+o The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout
+ values.
+
+o Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and
+ will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the
+ same number of digits.
+
+o There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'.
+ It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.
+
+o The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
+ variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER
+ and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line
+ and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
+ respectively.
+
+o There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output
+ and standard error to the named file.
+
+o The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
+ the standard error for a command through a pipe.
+
+o The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to
+ continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the
+ statement rather than terminating the command.
+
+o The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to
+ test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current
+ action, rather than terminating the command.
+
+o The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an
+ integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will
+ retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace
+ the intervening characters with `...'.
+
+o There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and
+ lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or
+ array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern
+ that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally-
+ configured feature to include capitalization operators.
+
+o The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate
+ support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.
+
+o The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon
+ assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options.
+ There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at
+ assignment.
+
+o There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an
+ asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell.
+ Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the
+ PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables
+ with coproc-specific names.
+
+o A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is
+ input available to be read from the specified file descriptor.
+
+o CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged
+ mode.
+
+o New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word,
+ which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters
+ and honor shell quoting.
+
+o New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word
+ which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries
+ as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.
+
+Bash-3.2 contained the following new features:
+
+o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing
+ characters when deciding whether or not a script is a binary file.
+
+o Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ (regexp) operator now
+ forces string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
+
+Bash-3.1 contained the following new features:
+
+o Bash-3.1 may now be configured and built in a mode that enforces strict
+ POSIX compliance.
+
+o The `+=' assignment operator, which appends to the value of a string or
+ array variable, has been implemented.
+
+o It is now possible to ignore case when matching in contexts other than
+ filename generation using the new `nocasematch' shell option.
+
+Bash-3.0 contained the following new features:
+
+o Features to support the bash debugger have been implemented, and there
+ is a new `extdebug' option to turn the non-default options on
+
+o HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of options and has been
+ extended with a new `erasedups' option that will result in only one
+ copy of a command being kept in the history list
+
+o Brace expansion has been extended with a new {x..y} form, producing
+ sequences of digits or characters
+
+o Timestamps are now kept with history entries, with an option to save
+ and restore them from the history file; there is a new HISTTIMEFORMAT
+ variable describing how to display the timestamps when listing history
+ entries
+
+o The `[[' command can now perform extended regular expression (egrep-like)
+ matching, with matched subexpressions placed in the BASH_REMATCH array
+ variable
+
+o A new `pipefail' option causes a pipeline to return a failure status if
+ any command in it fails
+
+o The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
+ in their arguments even if job control is not enabled
+
+o The `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated, and the shell
+ messages may be translated into other languages
+
+Bash-2.05b introduced the following new features:
+
+o support for multibyte characters has been added to both bash and readline
+
+o the DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands,
+ [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops
+
+o the shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the machine
+ supports (intmax_t)
+
+o there is a new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime(3)
+ and inserts the result into the expanded prompt
+
+o there is a new `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word
+
+o when displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown
+ separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use
+ the old output would result in syntax errors).
+
+o `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor
+
+o the bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the
+ new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like,
+ and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better
+
+o the expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the
+ function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a
+ script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as
+ POSIX-2001 requires
+
+Bash-2.05a introduced the following new features:
+
+o The `printf' builtin has undergone major work
+
+o There is a new read-only `shopt' option: login_shell, which is set by
+ login shells and unset otherwise
+
+o New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expanding to time in 24-hour
+ HH:MM format
+
+o New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; goes group name
+ completion
+
+o New [+-]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup
+
+o ksh-like `ERR' trap
+
+o `for' loops now allow empty word lists after the `in' reserved word
+
+o new `hard' and `soft' arguments for the `ulimit' builtin
+
+o Readline can be configured to place the user at the same point on the line
+ when retrieving commands from the history list
+
+o Readline can be configured to skip `hidden' files (filenames with a leading
+ `.' on Unix) when performing completion
+
+Bash-2.05 introduced the following new features:
+
+o This version has once again reverted to using locales and strcoll(3) when
+ processing pattern matching bracket expressions, as POSIX requires.
+o Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile',
+ per the new GNU coding standards.
+o The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as
+ port numbers.
+o `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some
+ of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are:
+
+ default - perform bash default completion if programmable
+ completion produces no matches
+ dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable
+ completion produces no matches
+ filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames,
+ so it can do things like append slashes to
+ directory names and suppress trailing spaces
+o A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks
+ in pathname arguments.
+o When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a
+ way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and
+ `declare -p' as well. This only happens when the shell is not in POSIX
+ mode, since POSIX.2 forbids this behavior.
+
+Bash-2.04 introduced the following new features:
+
+o Programmable word completion with the new `complete' and `compgen' builtins;
+ examples are provided in examples/complete/complete-examples
+o `history' has a new `-d' option to delete a history entry
+o `bind' has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell commands
+o The prompt expansion code has new `\j' and `\l' escape sequences
+o The `no_empty_cmd_completion' shell option, if enabled, inhibits
+ command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line
+o `help' has a new `-s' option to print a usage synopsis
+o New arithmetic operators: var++, var--, ++var, --var, expr1,expr2 (comma)
+o New ksh93-style arithmetic for command:
+ for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
+o `read' has new options: `-t', `-n', `-d', `-s'
+o The redirection code handles several filenames specially: /dev/fd/N,
+ /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr
+o The redirection code now recognizes /dev/tcp/HOST/PORT and
+ /dev/udp/HOST/PORT and tries to open a TCP or UDP socket, respectively,
+ to the specified port on the specified host
+o The ${!prefix*} expansion has been implemented
+o A new FUNCNAME variable, which expands to the name of a currently-executing
+ function
+o The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly
+o A new shopt `xpg_echo' variable, to control the behavior of echo with
+ respect to backslash-escape sequences at runtime
+o The NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define has returned
+
+The version of Readline released with Bash-2.04, Readline-4.1, had several
+new features as well:
+
+o Parentheses matching is always compiled into readline, and controllable
+ with the new `blink-matching-paren' variable
+o The history-search-forward and history-search-backward functions now leave
+ point at the end of the line when the search string is empty, like
+ reverse-search-history, and forward-search-history
+o A new function for applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt()
+o New variables for applications: rl_already_prompted, and rl_gnu_readline_p
+
+
+Bash-2.03 had very few new features, in keeping with the convention
+that odd-numbered releases provide mainly bug fixes. A number of new
+features were added to Readline, mostly at the request of the Cygnus
+folks.
+
+A new shopt option, `restricted_shell', so that startup files can test
+ whether or not the shell was started in restricted mode
+Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in
+ compound array assignments (this is really a bug fix)
+OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 requires
+ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell
+Bash may now be linked against an already-installed Readline library,
+ as long as the Readline library is version 4 or newer
+All shells begun with the `--login' option will source the login shell
+ startup files, even if the shell is not interactive
+
+There were lots of changes to the version of the Readline library released
+along with Bash-2.03. For a complete list of the changes, read the file
+CHANGES in the Bash-2.03 distribution.
+
+Bash-2.02 contained the following new features:
+
+a new version of malloc (based on the old GNU malloc code in previous
+ bash versions) that is more page-oriented, more conservative
+ with memory usage, does not `orphan' large blocks when they
+ are freed, is usable on 64-bit machines, and has allocation
+ checking turned on unconditionally
+POSIX.2-style globbing character classes ([:alpha:], [:alnum:], etc.)
+POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
+POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols
+the ksh [[...]] extended conditional command
+the ksh egrep-style extended pattern matching operators
+a new `printf' builtin
+the ksh-like $(<filename) command substitution, which is equivalent to
+ $(cat filename)
+new tilde prefixes that expand to directories from the directory stack
+new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation
+case-insensitive globbing (filename expansion)
+menu completion a la tcsh
+`magic-space' history expansion function like tcsh
+the readline inputrc `language' has a new file inclusion directive ($include)
+
+Bash-2.01 contained only a few new features:
+
+new `GROUPS' builtin array variable containing the user's group list
+new bindable readline commands: history-and-alias-expand-line and
+ alias-expand-line
+
+Bash-2.0 contained extensive changes and new features from bash-1.14.7.
+Here's a short list:
+
+new `time' reserved word to time pipelines, shell builtins, and
+ shell functions
+one-dimensional arrays with a new compound assignment statement,
+ appropriate expansion constructs and modifications to some
+ of the builtins (read, declare, etc.) to use them
+new quoting syntaxes for ANSI-C string expansion and locale-specific
+ string translation
+new expansions to do substring extraction, pattern replacement, and
+ indirect variable expansion
+new builtins: `disown' and `shopt'
+new variables: HISTIGNORE, SHELLOPTS, PIPESTATUS, DIRSTACK, GLOBIGNORE,
+ MACHTYPE, BASH_VERSINFO
+special handling of many unused or redundant variables removed
+ (e.g., $notify, $glob_dot_filenames, $no_exit_on_failed_exec)
+dynamic loading of new builtin commands; many loadable examples provided
+new prompt expansions: \a, \e, \n, \H, \T, \@, \v, \V
+history and aliases available in shell scripts
+new readline variables: enable-keypad, mark-directories, input-meta,
+ visible-stats, disable-completion, comment-begin
+new readline commands to manipulate the mark and operate on the region
+new readline emacs mode commands and bindings for ksh-88 compatibility
+updated and extended builtins
+new DEBUG trap
+expanded (and now documented) restricted shell mode
+
+implementation stuff:
+autoconf-based configuration
+nearly all of the bugs reported since version 1.14 have been fixed
+most builtins converted to use builtin `getopt' for consistency
+most builtins use -p option to display output in a reusable form
+ (for consistency)
+grammar tighter and smaller (66 reduce-reduce conflicts gone)
+lots of code now smaller and faster
+test suite greatly expanded
+
+B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.1 and
+ previous bash versions?
+
+There are a few incompatibilities between version 4.1 and previous
+versions. They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution.
+That file is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to
+bash-maintainers@gnu.org (or bug-bash@gnu.org if you would like
+community discussion) if if you find something that's not mentioned there.
+
+Section C: Differences from other Unix shells
+
+C1) How does bash differ from sh, the Bourne shell?
+
+This is a non-comprehensive list of features that differentiate bash
+from the SVR4.2 shell. The bash manual page explains these more
+completely.
+
+Things bash has that sh does not:
+ long invocation options
+ [+-]O invocation option
+ -l invocation option
+ `!' reserved word to invert pipeline return value
+ `time' reserved word to time pipelines and shell builtins
+ the `function' reserved word
+ the `select' compound command and reserved word
+ arithmetic for command: for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
+ new $'...' and $"..." quoting
+ the $(...) form of command substitution
+ the $(<filename) form of command substitution, equivalent to
+ $(cat filename)
+ the ${#param} parameter value length operator
+ the ${!param} indirect parameter expansion operator
+ the ${!param*} prefix expansion operator
+ the ${param:offset[:length]} parameter substring operator
+ the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator
+ expansions to perform substring removal (${p%[%]w}, ${p#[#]w})
+ expansion of positional parameters beyond $9 with ${num}
+ variables: BASH, BASHPID, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, UID, EUID, REPLY,
+ TIMEFORMAT, PPID, PWD, OLDPWD, SHLVL, RANDOM, SECONDS,
+ LINENO, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE, HOSTNAME,
+ ENV, PS3, PS4, DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, HISTSIZE, HISTFILE,
+ HISTFILESIZE, HISTCONTROL, HISTIGNORE, GLOBIGNORE, GROUPS,
+ PROMPT_COMMAND, FCEDIT, FIGNORE, IGNOREEOF, INPUTRC,
+ SHELLOPTS, OPTERR, HOSTFILE, TMOUT, FUNCNAME, histchars,
+ auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM, BASHOPTS, BASH_XTRACEFD
+ DEBUG trap
+ ERR trap
+ variable arrays with new compound assignment syntax
+ redirections: <>, &>, >|, <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>&
+ prompt string special char translation and variable expansion
+ auto-export of variables in initial environment
+ command search finds functions before builtins
+ bash return builtin will exit a file sourced with `.'
+ builtins: cd -/-L/-P, exec -l/-c/-a, echo -e/-E, hash -d/-l/-p/-t.
+ export -n/-f/-p/name=value, pwd -L/-P,
+ read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u/-i/-N,
+ readonly -a/-f/name=value, trap -l, set +o,
+ set -b/-m/-o option/-h/-p/-B/-C/-H/-P,
+ unset -f/-v, ulimit -i/-m/-p/-q/-u/-x,
+ type -a/-p/-t/-f/-P, suspend -f, kill -n,
+ test -o optname/s1 == s2/s1 < s2/s1 > s2/-nt/-ot/-ef/-O/-G/-S
+ bash reads ~/.bashrc for interactive shells, $ENV for non-interactive
+ bash restricted shell mode is more extensive
+ bash allows functions and variables with the same name
+ brace expansion
+ tilde expansion
+ arithmetic expansion with $((...)) and `let' builtin
+ the `[[...]]' extended conditional command
+ process substitution
+ aliases and alias/unalias builtins
+ local variables in functions and `local' builtin
+ readline and command-line editing with programmable completion
+ command history and history/fc builtins
+ csh-like history expansion
+ other new bash builtins: bind, command, compgen, complete, builtin,
+ declare/typeset, dirs, enable, fc, help,
+ history, logout, popd, pushd, disown, shopt,
+ printf, compopt, mapfile
+ exported functions
+ filename generation when using output redirection (command >a*)
+ POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
+ POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
+ POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols
+ egrep-like extended pattern matching operators
+ case-insensitive pattern matching and globbing
+ variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command,
+ even for builtins and functions
+ posix mode and strict posix conformance
+ redirection to /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr,
+ /dev/tcp/host/port, /dev/udp/host/port
+ debugger support, including `caller' builtin and new variables
+ RETURN trap
+ the `+=' assignment operator
+ autocd shell option and behavior
+ command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function
+ globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior
+ |& synonym for `2>&1 |'
+ ;& and ;;& case action list terminators
+ case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes
+ associative arrays
+ coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables
+ shell assignment of a file descriptor used in a redirection to a variable
+
+Things sh has that bash does not:
+ uses variable SHACCT to do shell accounting
+ includes `stop' builtin (bash can use alias stop='kill -s STOP')
+ `newgrp' builtin
+ turns on job control if called as `jsh'
+ $TIMEOUT (like bash $TMOUT)
+ `^' is a synonym for `|'
+ new SVR4.2 sh builtins: mldmode, priv
+
+Implementation differences:
+ redirection to/from compound commands causes sh to create a subshell
+ bash does not allow unbalanced quotes; sh silently inserts them at EOF
+ bash does not mess with signal 11
+ sh sets (euid, egid) to (uid, gid) if -p not supplied and uid < 100
+ bash splits only the results of expansions on IFS, using POSIX.2
+ field splitting rules; sh splits all words on IFS
+ sh does not allow MAILCHECK to be unset (?)
+ sh does not allow traps on SIGALRM or SIGCHLD
+ bash allows multiple option arguments when invoked (e.g. -x -v);
+ sh allows only a single option argument (`sh -x -v' attempts
+ to open a file named `-v', and, on SunOS 4.1.4, dumps core.
+ On Solaris 2.4 and earlier versions, sh goes into an infinite
+ loop.)
+ sh exits a script if any builtin fails; bash exits only if one of
+ the POSIX.2 `special' builtins fails
+
+C2) How does bash differ from the Korn shell, version ksh88?
+
+Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
+ long invocation options
+ [-+]O invocation option
+ -l invocation option
+ `!' reserved word
+ arithmetic for command: for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
+ arithmetic in largest machine-supported size (intmax_t)
+ posix mode and posix conformance
+ command hashing
+ tilde expansion for assignment statements that look like $PATH
+ process substitution with named pipes if /dev/fd is not available
+ the ${!param} indirect parameter expansion operator
+ the ${!param*} prefix expansion operator
+ the ${param:offset[:length]} parameter substring operator
+ the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator
+ variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, BASHPID, UID, EUID, SHLVL,
+ TIMEFORMAT, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE,
+ HISTFILESIZE, HISTIGNORE, HISTCONTROL, PROMPT_COMMAND,
+ IGNOREEOF, FIGNORE, INPUTRC, HOSTFILE, DIRSTACK,
+ PIPESTATUS, HOSTNAME, OPTERR, SHELLOPTS, GLOBIGNORE,
+ GROUPS, FUNCNAME, histchars, auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM
+ prompt expansion with backslash escapes and command substitution
+ redirection: &> (stdout and stderr), <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>&
+ more extensive and extensible editing and programmable completion
+ builtins: bind, builtin, command, declare, dirs, echo -e/-E, enable,
+ exec -l/-c/-a, fc -s, export -n/-f/-p, hash, help, history,
+ jobs -x/-r/-s, kill -s/-n/-l, local, logout, popd, pushd,
+ read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-N, readonly -a/-n/-f/-p,
+ set -o braceexpand/-o histexpand/-o interactive-comments/
+ -o notify/-o physical/-o posix/-o hashall/-o onecmd/
+ -h/-B/-C/-b/-H/-P, set +o, suspend, trap -l, type,
+ typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -i/-q/-u/-x, umask -S, alias -p,
+ shopt, disown, printf, complete, compgen, compopt, mapfile
+ `!' csh-style history expansion
+ POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
+ POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
+ POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols
+ egrep-like extended pattern matching operators
+ case-insensitive pattern matching and globbing
+ `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation
+ redirection to /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr
+ arrays of unlimited size
+ TMOUT is default timeout for `read' and `select'
+ debugger support, including the `caller' builtin
+ RETURN trap
+ Timestamps in history entries
+ {x..y} brace expansion
+ The `+=' assignment operator
+ autocd shell option and behavior
+ command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function
+ globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior
+ |& synonym for `2>&1 |'
+ ;& and ;;& case action list terminators
+ case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes
+ associative arrays
+ coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables
+ shell assignment of a file descriptor used in a redirection to a variable
+
+Things ksh88 has or uses that bash does not:
+ tracked aliases (alias -t)
+ variables: ERRNO, FPATH, EDITOR, VISUAL
+ co-processes (bash uses different syntax)
+ weirdly-scoped functions
+ typeset +f to list all function names without definitions
+ text of command history kept in a file, not memory
+ builtins: alias -x, cd old new, newgrp, print,
+ read -p/-s/var?prompt, set -A/-o gmacs/
+ -o bgnice/-o markdirs/-o trackall/-o viraw/-s,
+ typeset -H/-L/-R/-Z/-A/-ft/-fu/-fx/-t, whence
+ using environment to pass attributes of exported variables
+ arithmetic evaluation done on arguments to some builtins
+ reads .profile from $PWD when invoked as login shell
+
+Implementation differences:
+ ksh runs last command of a pipeline in parent shell context
+ bash has brace expansion by default (ksh88 compile-time option)
+ bash has fixed startup file for all interactive shells; ksh reads $ENV
+ bash has exported functions
+ bash command search finds functions before builtins
+ bash waits for all commands in pipeline to exit before returning status
+ emacs-mode editing has some slightly different key bindings
+
+C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?
+
+This list is current through ksh93t+ (05/05/2009)
+
+New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.1:
+ floating point arithmetic and variables
+ math library functions
+ ${!name[sub]} name of subscript for associative array
+ `.' is allowed in variable names to create a hierarchical namespace
+ more extensive compound assignment syntax
+ discipline functions
+ KEYBD trap
+ variables: .sh.edchar, .sh.edmode, .sh.edcol, .sh.edtext, .sh.version,
+ .sh.name, .sh.subscript, .sh.value, .sh.match, HISTEDIT
+ backreferences in pattern matching (\N)
+ `&' operator in pattern lists for matching (match all instead of any)
+ exit statuses between 0 and 255
+ FPATH and PATH mixing
+ lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions
+ no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions
+ $'' \C[.collating-element.] escape sequence
+ -C/-I invocation options
+ print -f (bash uses printf)
+ `fc' has been renamed to `hist'
+ `.' can execute shell functions
+ getopts -a
+ printf %B, %H, %P, %R, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d, `=' flag
+ read -n/-N differ/-v
+ set -o showme/-o multiline (bash default)
+ `sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions)
+ typeset -n and `nameref' variables
+ [[ -R name ]] (checks whether or not name is a nameref)
+ typeset -C/-S/-T/-X/-h/-s
+ experimental `type' definitions (a la typedef) using typeset
+ negative subscripts for indexed array variables
+ array expansions ${array[sub1..sub2]} and ${!array[sub1..sub2]}
+ associative array assignments using `;' as element separator
+ command substitution $(n<#) expands to current byte offset for fd N
+ new '${ ' form of command substitution, executed in current shell
+ new >;/<>;/<#pat/<##pat/<#/># redirections
+ brace expansion printf-like formats
+ [[ -v var ]] operators (checks whether or not var is set)
+
+New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.1:
+ associative arrays
+ [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close)
+ for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command
+ ?:, ++, --, `expr1 , expr2' arithmetic operators
+ expansions: ${!param}, ${param:offset[:len]}, ${param/pat[/str]},
+ ${!param*}
+ compound array assignment
+ the `!' reserved word
+ loadable builtins -- but ksh uses `builtin' while bash uses `enable'
+ new $'...' and $"..." quoting
+ FIGNORE (but bash uses GLOBIGNORE), HISTCMD
+ brace expansion and set -B
+ changes to kill builtin
+ `command', `builtin', `disown' builtins
+ echo -e
+ exec -c/-a
+ read -A (bash uses read -a)
+ read -t/-d
+ trap -p
+ `.' restores the positional parameters when it completes
+ set -o notify/-C
+ set -o pipefail
+ set -G (-o globstar) and **
+ POSIX.2 `test'
+ umask -S
+ unalias -a
+ command and arithmetic substitution performed on PS1, PS4, and ENV
+ command name completion, TAB displaying possible completions
+ ENV processed only for interactive shells
+ The `+=' assignment operator
+ the `;&' case statement "fallthrough" pattern list terminator
+ csh-style history expansion and set -H
+ negative offsets in ${param:offset:length}
+ redirection operators preceded with {varname} to store fd number in varname
+ DEBUG can force skipping following command
+
+Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells?
+
+D1) Why does bash run a different version of `command' than
+ `which command' says it will?
+
+On many systems, `which' is actually a csh script that assumes
+you're running csh. In tcsh, `which' and its cousin `where'
+are builtins. On other Unix systems, `which' is a perl script
+that uses the PATH environment variable. Many Linux distributions
+use GNU `which', which is a C program that can understand shell
+aliases.
+
+The csh script version reads the csh startup files from your
+home directory and uses those to determine which `command' will
+be invoked. Since bash doesn't use any of those startup files,
+there's a good chance that your bash environment differs from
+your csh environment. The bash `type' builtin does everything
+`which' does, and will report correct results for the running
+shell. If you're really wedded to the name `which', try adding
+the following function definition to your .bashrc:
+
+ which()
+ {
+ builtin type "$@"
+ }
+
+If you're moving from tcsh and would like to bring `where' along
+as well, use this function:
+
+ where()
+ {
+ builtin type -a "$@"
+ }
+
+D2) Why doesn't bash treat brace expansions exactly like csh?
+
+The only difference between bash and csh brace expansion is that
+bash requires a brace expression to contain at least one unquoted
+comma if it is to be expanded. Any brace-surrounded word not
+containing an unquoted comma is left unchanged by the brace
+expansion code. This affords the greatest degree of sh
+compatibility.
+
+Bash, ksh, zsh, and pd-ksh all implement brace expansion this way.
+
+D3) Why doesn't bash have csh variable modifiers?
+
+Posix has specified a more powerful, albeit somewhat more cryptic,
+mechanism cribbed from ksh, and bash implements it.
+
+${parameter%word}
+ Remove smallest suffix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce
+ a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the
+ smallest portion of the suffix matched by the pattern deleted.
+
+ x=file.c
+ echo ${x%.c}.o
+ -->file.o
+
+${parameter%%word}
+
+ Remove largest suffix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce
+ a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the
+ largest portion of the suffix matched by the pattern deleted.
+
+ x=posix/src/std
+ echo ${x%%/*}
+ -->posix
+
+${parameter#word}
+ Remove smallest prefix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce
+ a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the
+ smallest portion of the prefix matched by the pattern deleted.
+
+ x=$HOME/src/cmd
+ echo ${x#$HOME}
+ -->/src/cmd
+
+${parameter##word}
+ Remove largest prefix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce
+ a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the
+ largest portion of the prefix matched by the pattern deleted.
+
+ x=/one/two/three
+ echo ${x##*/}
+ -->three
+
+
+Given
+ a=/a/b/c/d
+ b=b.xxx
+
+ csh bash result
+ --- ---- ------
+ $a:h ${a%/*} /a/b/c
+ $a:t ${a##*/} d
+ $b:r ${b%.*} b
+ $b:e ${b##*.} xxx
+
+
+D4) How can I make my csh aliases work when I convert to bash?
+
+Bash uses a different syntax to support aliases than csh does.
+The details can be found in the documentation. We have provided
+a shell script which does most of the work of conversion for you;
+this script can be found in ./examples/misc/aliasconv.sh. Here is
+how you use it:
+
+Start csh in the normal way for you. (e.g., `csh')
+
+Pipe the output of `alias' through `aliasconv.sh', saving the
+results into `bash_aliases':
+
+ alias | bash aliasconv.sh >bash_aliases
+
+Edit `bash_aliases', carefully reading through any created
+functions. You will need to change the names of some csh specific
+variables to the bash equivalents. The script converts $cwd to
+$PWD, $term to $TERM, $home to $HOME, $user to $USER, and $prompt
+to $PS1. You may also have to add quotes to avoid unwanted
+expansion.
+
+For example, the csh alias:
+
+ alias cd 'cd \!*; echo $cwd'
+
+is converted to the bash function:
+
+ cd () { command cd "$@"; echo $PWD ; }
+
+The only thing that needs to be done is to quote $PWD:
+
+ cd () { command cd "$@"; echo "$PWD" ; }
+
+Merge the edited file into your ~/.bashrc.
+
+There is an additional, more ambitious, script in
+examples/misc/cshtobash that attempts to convert your entire csh
+environment to its bash equivalent. This script can be run as
+simply `cshtobash' to convert your normal interactive
+environment, or as `cshtobash ~/.login' to convert your login
+environment.
+
+D5) How can I pipe standard output and standard error from one command to
+ another, like csh does with `|&'?
+
+Use
+ command 2>&1 | command2
+
+The key is to remember that piping is performed before redirection, so
+file descriptor 1 points to the pipe when it is duplicated onto file
+descriptor 2.
+
+D6) Now that I've converted from ksh to bash, are there equivalents to
+ ksh features like autoloaded functions and the `whence' command?
+
+There are features in ksh-88 and ksh-93 that do not have direct bash
+equivalents. Most, however, can be emulated with very little trouble.
+
+ksh-88 feature Bash equivalent
+-------------- ---------------
+compiled-in aliases set up aliases in .bashrc; some ksh aliases are
+ bash builtins (hash, history, type)
+coprocesses named pipe pairs (one for read, one for write)
+typeset +f declare -F
+cd, print, whence function substitutes in examples/functions/kshenv
+autoloaded functions examples/functions/autoload is the same as typeset -fu
+read var?prompt read -p prompt var
+
+ksh-93 feature Bash equivalent
+-------------- ---------------
+sleep, getconf Bash has loadable versions in examples/loadables
+${.sh.version} $BASH_VERSION
+print -f printf
+hist alias hist=fc
+$HISTEDIT $FCEDIT
+
+Section E: How can I get bash to do certain things, and why does bash do
+ things the way it does?
+
+E1) Why is the bash builtin `test' slightly different from /bin/test?
+
+The specific example used here is [ ! x -o x ], which is false.
+
+Bash's builtin `test' implements the Posix.2 spec, which can be
+summarized as follows (the wording is due to David Korn):
+
+Here is the set of rules for processing test arguments.
+
+ 0 Args: False
+ 1 Arg: True iff argument is not null.
+ 2 Args: If first arg is !, True iff second argument is null.
+ If first argument is unary, then true if unary test is true
+ Otherwise error.
+ 3 Args: If second argument is a binary operator, do binary test of $1 $3
+ If first argument is !, negate two argument test of $2 $3
+ If first argument is `(' and third argument is `)', do the
+ one-argument test of the second argument.
+ Otherwise error.
+ 4 Args: If first argument is !, negate three argument test of $2 $3 $4.
+ Otherwise unspecified
+ 5 or more Args: unspecified. (Historical shells would use their
+ current algorithm).
+
+The operators -a and -o are considered binary operators for the purpose
+of the 3 Arg case.
+
+As you can see, the test becomes (not (x or x)), which is false.
+
+E2) Why does bash sometimes say `Broken pipe'?
+
+If a sequence of commands appears in a pipeline, and one of the
+reading commands finishes before the writer has finished, the
+writer receives a SIGPIPE signal. Many other shells special-case
+SIGPIPE as an exit status in the pipeline and do not report it.
+For example, in:
+
+ ps -aux | head
+
+`head' can finish before `ps' writes all of its output, and ps
+will try to write on a pipe without a reader. In that case, bash
+will print `Broken pipe' to stderr when ps is killed by a
+SIGPIPE.
+
+As of bash-3.1, bash does not report SIGPIPE errors by default. You
+can build a version of bash that will report such errors.
+
+E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash
+ wrap lines at the wrong column?
+
+Readline, the line editing library that bash uses, does not know
+that the terminal escape sequences do not take up space on the
+screen. The redisplay code assumes, unless told otherwise, that
+each character in the prompt is a `printable' character that
+takes up one character position on the screen.
+
+You can use the bash prompt expansion facility (see the PROMPTING
+section in the manual page) to tell readline that sequences of
+characters in the prompt strings take up no screen space.
+
+Use the \[ escape to begin a sequence of non-printing characters,
+and the \] escape to signal the end of such a sequence.
+
+E4) If I pipe the output of a command into `read variable', why doesn't
+ the output show up in $variable when the read command finishes?
+
+This has to do with the parent-child relationship between Unix
+processes. It affects all commands run in pipelines, not just
+simple calls to `read'. For example, piping a command's output
+into a `while' loop that repeatedly calls `read' will result in
+the same behavior.
+
+Each element of a pipeline, even a builtin or shell function,
+runs in a separate process, a child of the shell running the
+pipeline. A subprocess cannot affect its parent's environment.
+When the `read' command sets the variable to the input, that
+variable is set only in the subshell, not the parent shell. When
+the subshell exits, the value of the variable is lost.
+
+Many pipelines that end with `read variable' can be converted
+into command substitutions, which will capture the output of
+a specified command. The output can then be assigned to a
+variable:
+
+ grep ^gnu /usr/lib/news/active | wc -l | read ngroup
+
+can be converted into
+
+ ngroup=$(grep ^gnu /usr/lib/news/active | wc -l)
+
+This does not, unfortunately, work to split the text among
+multiple variables, as read does when given multiple variable
+arguments. If you need to do this, you can either use the
+command substitution above to read the output into a variable
+and chop up the variable using the bash pattern removal
+expansion operators or use some variant of the following
+approach.
+
+Say /usr/local/bin/ipaddr is the following shell script:
+
+#! /bin/sh
+host `hostname` | awk '/address/ {print $NF}'
+
+Instead of using
+
+ /usr/local/bin/ipaddr | read A B C D
+
+to break the local machine's IP address into separate octets, use
+
+ OIFS="$IFS"
+ IFS=.
+ set -- $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr)
+ IFS="$OIFS"
+ A="$1" B="$2" C="$3" D="$4"
+
+Beware, however, that this will change the shell's positional
+parameters. If you need them, you should save them before doing
+this.
+
+This is the general approach -- in most cases you will not need to
+set $IFS to a different value.
+
+Some other user-supplied alternatives include:
+
+read A B C D << HERE
+ $(IFS=.; echo $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr))
+HERE
+
+and, where process substitution is available,
+
+read A B C D < <(IFS=.; echo $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr))
+
+E5) I have a bunch of shell scripts that use backslash-escaped characters
+ in arguments to `echo'. Bash doesn't interpret these characters. Why
+ not, and how can I make it understand them?
+
+This is the behavior of echo on most Unix System V machines.
+
+The bash builtin `echo' is modeled after the 9th Edition
+Research Unix version of `echo'. It does not interpret
+backslash-escaped characters in its argument strings by default;
+it requires the use of the -e option to enable the
+interpretation. The System V echo provides no way to disable the
+special characters; the bash echo has a -E option to disable
+them.
+
+There is a configuration option that will make bash behave like
+the System V echo and interpret things like `\t' by default. Run
+configure with the --enable-xpg-echo-default option to turn this
+on. Be aware that this will cause some of the tests run when you
+type `make tests' to fail.
+
+There is a shell option, `xpg_echo', settable with `shopt', that will
+change the behavior of echo at runtime. Enabling this option turns
+on expansion of backslash-escape sequences.
+
+E6) Why doesn't a while or for loop get suspended when I type ^Z?
+
+This is a consequence of how job control works on Unix. The only
+thing that can be suspended is the process group. This is a single
+command or pipeline of commands that the shell forks and executes.
+
+When you run a while or for loop, the only thing that the shell forks
+and executes are any commands in the while loop test and commands in
+the loop bodies. These, therefore, are the only things that can be
+suspended when you type ^Z.
+
+If you want to be able to stop the entire loop, you need to put it
+within parentheses, which will force the loop into a subshell that
+may be stopped (and subsequently restarted) as a single unit.
+
+E7) What about empty for loops in Makefiles?
+
+It's fairly common to see constructs like this in automatically-generated
+Makefiles:
+
+SUBDIRS = @SUBDIRS@
+
+ ...
+
+subdirs-clean:
+ for d in ${SUBDIRS}; do \
+ ( cd $$d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean ) \
+ done
+
+When SUBDIRS is empty, this results in a command like this being passed to
+bash:
+
+ for d in ; do
+ ( cd $d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean )
+ done
+
+In versions of bash before bash-2.05a, this was a syntax error. If the
+reserved word `in' was present, a word must follow it before the semicolon
+or newline. The language in the manual page referring to the list of words
+being empty referred to the list after it is expanded. These versions of
+bash required that there be at least one word following the `in' when the
+construct was parsed.
+
+The idiomatic Makefile solution is something like:
+
+SUBDIRS = @SUBDIRS@
+
+subdirs-clean:
+ subdirs=$SUBDIRS ; for d in $$subdirs; do \
+ ( cd $$d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean ) \
+ done
+
+The latest updated POSIX standard has changed this: the word list
+is no longer required. Bash versions 2.05a and later accept the
+new syntax.
+
+E8) Why does the arithmetic evaluation code complain about `08'?
+
+The bash arithmetic evaluation code (used for `let', $(()), (()), and in
+other places), interprets a leading `0' in numeric constants as denoting
+an octal number, and a leading `0x' as denoting hexadecimal. This is
+in accordance with the POSIX.2 spec, section 2.9.2.1, which states that
+arithmetic constants should be handled as signed long integers as defined
+by the ANSI/ISO C standard.
+
+The POSIX.2 interpretation committee has confirmed this:
+
+http://www.pasc.org/interps/unofficial/db/p1003.2/pasc-1003.2-173.html
+
+E9) Why does the pattern matching expression [A-Z]* match files beginning
+ with every letter except `z'?
+
+Bash-2.03, Bash-2.05 and later versions honor the current locale setting
+when processing ranges within pattern matching bracket expressions ([A-Z]).
+This is what POSIX.2 and SUSv3/XPG6 specify.
+
+The behavior of the matcher in bash-2.05 and later versions depends on the
+current LC_COLLATE setting. Setting this variable to `C' or `POSIX' will
+result in the traditional behavior ([A-Z] matches all uppercase ASCII
+characters). Many other locales, including the en_US locale (the default
+on many US versions of Linux) collate the upper and lower case letters like
+this:
+
+ AaBb...Zz
+
+which means that [A-Z] matches every letter except `z'. Others collate like
+
+ aAbBcC...zZ
+
+which means that [A-Z] matches every letter except `a'.
+
+The portable way to specify upper case letters is [:upper:] instead of
+A-Z; lower case may be specified as [:lower:] instead of a-z.
+
+Look at the manual pages for setlocale(3), strcoll(3), and, if it is
+present, locale(1). If you have locale(1), you can use it to find
+your current locale information even if you do not have any of the
+LC_ variables set.
+
+My advice is to put
+
+ export LC_COLLATE=C
+
+into /etc/profile and inspect any shell scripts run from cron for
+constructs like [A-Z]. This will prevent things like
+
+ rm [A-Z]*
+
+from removing every file in the current directory except those beginning
+with `z' and still allow individual users to change the collation order.
+Users may put the above command into their own profiles as well, of course.
+
+E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'?
+
+POSIX.2, in its description of `cd', says that *three* or more leading
+slashes may be replaced with a single slash when canonicalizing the
+current working directory.
+
+This is, I presume, for historical compatibility. Certain versions of
+Unix, and early network file systems, used paths of the form
+//hostname/path to access `path' on server `hostname'.
+
+E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash
+ notice the change?
+
+This is another issue that deals with job control.
+
+The kernel maintains a notion of a current terminal process group. Members
+of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the
+current terminal process group ID) receive terminal-generated signals like
+SIGWINCH. (For more details, see the JOB CONTROL section of the bash
+man page.)
+
+If a terminal is resized, the kernel sends SIGWINCH to each member of
+the terminal's current process group (the `foreground' process group).
+
+When bash is running with job control enabled, each pipeline (which may be
+a single command) is run in its own process group, different from bash's
+process group. This foreground process group receives the SIGWINCH; bash
+does not. Bash has no way of knowing that the terminal has been resized.
+
+There is a `checkwinsize' option, settable with the `shopt' builtin, that
+will cause bash to check the window size and adjust its idea of the
+terminal's dimensions each time a process stops or exits and returns control
+of the terminal to bash. Enable it with `shopt -s checkwinsize'.
+
+E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect?
+
+When substring expansion of the form ${param:offset[:length} is used,
+an `offset' that evaluates to a number less than zero counts back from
+the end of the expanded value of $param.
+
+When a negative `offset' begins with a minus sign, however, unexpected things
+can happen. Consider
+
+ a=12345678
+ echo ${a:-4}
+
+intending to print the last four characters of $a. The problem is that
+${param:-word} already has a well-defined meaning: expand to word if the
+expanded value of param is unset or null, and $param otherwise.
+
+To use negative offsets that begin with a minus sign, separate the
+minus sign and the colon with a space.
+
+E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename?
+
+Filename completion (and word completion in general) may appear to behave
+improperly if there is a colon in the word to be completed.
+
+The colon is special to readline's word completion code: it is one of the
+characters that breaks words for the completer. Readline uses these characters
+in sort of the same way that bash uses $IFS: they break or separate the words
+the completion code hands to the application-specific or default word
+completion functions. The original intent was to make it easy to edit
+colon-separated lists (such as $PATH in bash) in various applications using
+readline for input.
+
+This is complicated by the fact that some versions of the popular
+`bash-completion' programmable completion package have problems with the
+default completion behavior in the presence of colons.
+
+The current set of completion word break characters is available in bash as
+the value of the COMP_WORDBREAKS variable. Removing `:' from that value is
+enough to make the colon not special to completion:
+
+COMP_WORDBREAKS=${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:}
+
+You can also quote the colon with a backslash to achieve the same result
+temporarily.
+
+E14) Why does quoting the pattern argument to the regular expression matching
+ conditional operator (=~) cause regexp matching to stop working?
+
+In versions of bash prior to bash-3.2, the effect of quoting the regular
+expression argument to the [[ command's =~ operator was not specified.
+The practical effect was that double-quoting the pattern argument required
+backslashes to quote special pattern characters, which interfered with the
+backslash processing performed by double-quoted word expansion and was
+inconsistent with how the == shell pattern matching operator treated
+quoted characters.
+
+In bash-3.2, the shell was changed to internally quote characters in single-
+and double-quoted string arguments to the =~ operator, which suppresses the
+special meaning of the characters special to regular expression processing
+(`.', `[', `\', `(', `), `*', `+', `?', `{', `|', `^', and `$') and forces
+them to be matched literally. This is consistent with how the `==' pattern
+matching operator treats quoted portions of its pattern argument.
+
+Since the treatment of quoted string arguments was changed, several issues
+have arisen, chief among them the problem of white space in pattern arguments
+and the differing treatment of quoted strings between bash-3.1 and bash-3.2.
+Both problems may be solved by using a shell variable to hold the pattern.
+Since word splitting is not performed when expanding shell variables in all
+operands of the [[ command, this allows users to quote patterns as they wish
+when assigning the variable, then expand the values to a single string that
+may contain whitespace. The first problem may be solved by using backslashes
+or any other quoting mechanism to escape the white space in the patterns.
+
+Bash-4.0 introduces the concept of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+several options to the `shopt' builtin. If the `compat31' option is enabled,
+bash reverts to the bash-3.1 behavior with respect to quoting the rhs of
+the =~ operator.
+
+E15) Tell me more about the shell compatibility level.
+
+Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified
+as a set of options to the shopt builtin (compat31, compat32, compat40 at
+this writing). There is only one current compatibility level -- each
+option is mutually exclusive. This list does not mention behavior that is
+standard for a particular version (e.g., setting compat32 means that quoting
+the rhs of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in
+the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and above).
+
+compat31 set
+ - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current
+ locale when comparing strings
+ - quoting the rhs of the regexp matching operator (=~) has no
+ special effect
+
+compat32 set
+ - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current
+ locale when comparing strings
+
+compat40 set
+ - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current
+ locale when comparing strings
+ - interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the execution
+ of the entire list to be aborted
+
+Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
+
+F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
+
+The problem is `cmdtool' and bash fighting over the input. When
+scrolling is enabled in a cmdtool window, cmdtool puts the tty in
+`raw mode' to permit command-line editing using the mouse for
+applications that cannot do it themselves. As a result, bash and
+cmdtool each try to read keyboard input immediately, with neither
+getting enough of it to be useful.
+
+This mode also causes cmdtool to not implement many of the
+terminal functions and control sequences appearing in the
+`sun-cmd' termcap entry. For a more complete explanation, see
+that file examples/suncmd.termcap in the bash distribution.
+
+`xterm' is a better choice, and gets along with bash much more
+smoothly.
+
+If you must use cmdtool, you can use the termcap description in
+examples/suncmd.termcap. Set the TERMCAP variable to the terminal
+description contained in that file, i.e.
+
+TERMCAP='Mu|sun-cmd:am:bs:km:pt:li#34:co#80:cl=^L:ce=\E[K:cd=\E[J:rs=\E[s:'
+
+Then export TERMCAP and start a new cmdtool window from that shell.
+The bash command-line editing should behave better in the new
+cmdtool. If this works, you can put the assignment to TERMCAP
+in your bashrc file.
+
+F2) I built bash on Solaris 2. Why do globbing expansions and filename
+ completion chop off the first few characters of each filename?
+
+This is the consequence of building bash on SunOS 5 and linking
+with the libraries in /usr/ucblib, but using the definitions
+and structures from files in /usr/include.
+
+The actual conflict is between the dirent structure in
+/usr/include/dirent.h and the struct returned by the version of
+`readdir' in libucb.a (a 4.3-BSD style `struct direct').
+
+Make sure you've got /usr/ccs/bin ahead of /usr/ucb in your $PATH
+when configuring and building bash. This will ensure that you
+use /usr/ccs/bin/cc or acc instead of /usr/ucb/cc and that you
+link with libc before libucb.
+
+If you have installed the Sun C compiler, you may also need to
+put /usr/ccs/bin and /opt/SUNWspro/bin into your $PATH before
+/usr/ucb.
+
+F3) Why does bash dump core after I interrupt username completion or
+ `~user' tilde expansion on a machine running NIS?
+
+This is a famous and long-standing bug in the SunOS YP (sorry, NIS)
+client library, which is part of libc.
+
+The YP library code keeps static state -- a pointer into the data
+returned from the server. When YP initializes itself (setpwent),
+it looks at this pointer and calls free on it if it's non-null.
+So far, so good.
+
+If one of the YP functions is interrupted during getpwent (the
+exact function is interpretwithsave()), and returns NULL, the
+pointer is freed without being reset to NULL, and the function
+returns. The next time getpwent is called, it sees that this
+pointer is non-null, calls free, and the bash free() blows up
+because it's being asked to free freed memory.
+
+The traditional Unix mallocs allow memory to be freed multiple
+times; that's probably why this has never been fixed. You can
+run configure with the `--without-gnu-malloc' option to use
+the C library malloc and avoid the problem.
+
+F4) I'm running SVR4.2. Why is the line erased every time I type `@'?
+
+The `@' character is the default `line kill' character in most
+versions of System V, including SVR4.2. You can change this
+character to whatever you want using `stty'. For example, to
+change the line kill character to control-u, type
+
+ stty kill ^U
+
+where the `^' and `U' can be two separate characters.
+
+F5) Why does bash report syntax errors when my C News scripts use a
+ redirection before a subshell command?
+
+The actual command in question is something like
+
+ < file ( command )
+
+According to the grammar given in the POSIX.2 standard, this construct
+is, in fact, a syntax error. Redirections may only precede `simple
+commands'. A subshell construct such as the above is one of the shell's
+`compound commands'. A redirection may only follow a compound command.
+
+This affects the mechanical transformation of commands that use `cat'
+to pipe a file into a command (a favorite Useless-Use-Of-Cat topic on
+comp.unix.shell). While most commands of the form
+
+ cat file | command
+
+can be converted to `< file command', shell control structures such as
+loops and subshells require `command < file'.
+
+The file CWRU/sh-redir-hack in the bash distribution is an
+(unofficial) patch to parse.y that will modify the grammar to
+support this construct. It will not apply with `patch'; you must
+modify parse.y by hand. Note that if you apply this, you must
+recompile with -DREDIRECTION_HACK. This introduces a large
+number of reduce/reduce conflicts into the shell grammar.
+
+F6) Why can't I use vi-mode editing on Red Hat Linux 6.1?
+
+The short answer is that Red Hat screwed up.
+
+The long answer is that they shipped an /etc/inputrc that only works
+for emacs mode editing, and then screwed all the vi users by setting
+INPUTRC to /etc/inputrc in /etc/profile.
+
+The short fix is to do one of the following: remove or rename
+/etc/inputrc, set INPUTRC=~/.inputrc in ~/.bashrc (or .bash_profile,
+but make sure you export it if you do), remove the assignment to
+INPUTRC from /etc/profile, add
+
+ set keymap emacs
+
+to the beginning of /etc/inputrc, or bracket the key bindings in
+/etc/inputrc with these lines
+
+ $if mode=emacs
+ [...]
+ $endif
+
+F7) Why do bash-2.05a and bash-2.05b fail to compile `printf.def' on
+ HP/UX 11.x?
+
+HP/UX's support for long double is imperfect at best.
+
+GCC will support it without problems, but the HP C library functions
+like strtold(3) and printf(3) don't actually work with long doubles.
+HP implemented a `long_double' type as a 4-element array of 32-bit
+ints, and that is what the library functions use. The ANSI C
+`long double' type is a 128-bit floating point scalar.
+
+The easiest fix, until HP fixes things up, is to edit the generated
+config.h and #undef the HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE line. After doing that,
+the compilation should complete successfully.
+
+Section G: How can I get bash to do certain common things?
+
+G1) How can I get bash to read and display eight-bit characters?
+
+This is a process requiring several steps.
+
+First, you must ensure that the `physical' data path is a full eight
+bits. For xterms, for example, the `vt100' resources `eightBitInput'
+and `eightBitOutput' should be set to `true'.
+
+Once you have set up an eight-bit path, you must tell the kernel and
+tty driver to leave the eighth bit of characters alone when processing
+keyboard input. Use `stty' to do this:
+
+ stty cs8 -istrip -parenb
+
+For old BSD-style systems, you can use
+
+ stty pass8
+
+You may also need
+
+ stty even odd
+
+Finally, you need to tell readline that you will be inputting and
+displaying eight-bit characters. You use readline variables to do
+this. These variables can be set in your .inputrc or using the bash
+`bind' builtin. Here's an example using `bind':
+
+ bash$ bind 'set convert-meta off'
+ bash$ bind 'set meta-flag on'
+ bash$ bind 'set output-meta on'
+
+The `set' commands between the single quotes may also be placed
+in ~/.inputrc.
+
+The script examples/scripts.noah/meta.bash encapsulates the bind
+commands in a shell function.
+
+G2) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but
+ still invoke the command from within the function?
+
+This is why the `command' and `builtin' builtins exist. The
+`command' builtin executes the command supplied as its first
+argument, skipping over any function defined with that name. The
+`builtin' builtin executes the builtin command given as its first
+argument directly.
+
+For example, to write a function to replace `cd' that writes the
+hostname and current directory to an xterm title bar, use
+something like the following:
+
+ cd()
+ {
+ builtin cd "$@" && xtitle "$HOST: $PWD"
+ }
+
+This could also be written using `command' instead of `builtin';
+the version above is marginally more efficient.
+
+G3) How can I find the value of a shell variable whose name is the value
+ of another shell variable?
+
+Versions of Bash newer than Bash-2.0 support this directly. You can use
+
+ ${!var}
+
+For example, the following sequence of commands will echo `z':
+
+ var1=var2
+ var2=z
+ echo ${!var1}
+
+For sh compatibility, use the `eval' builtin. The important
+thing to remember is that `eval' expands the arguments you give
+it again, so you need to quote the parts of the arguments that
+you want `eval' to act on.
+
+For example, this expression prints the value of the last positional
+parameter:
+
+ eval echo \"\$\{$#\}\"
+
+The expansion of the quoted portions of this expression will be
+deferred until `eval' runs, while the `$#' will be expanded
+before `eval' is executed. In versions of bash later than bash-2.0,
+
+ echo ${!#}
+
+does the same thing.
+
+This is not the same thing as ksh93 `nameref' variables, though the syntax
+is similar. I may add namerefs in a future bash version.
+
+G4) How can I make the bash `time' reserved word print timing output that
+ looks like the output from my system's /usr/bin/time?
+
+The bash command timing code looks for a variable `TIMEFORMAT' and
+uses its value as a format string to decide how to display the
+timing statistics.
+
+The value of TIMEFORMAT is a string with `%' escapes expanded in a
+fashion similar in spirit to printf(3). The manual page explains
+the meanings of the escape sequences in the format string.
+
+If TIMEFORMAT is not set, bash acts as if the following assignment had
+been performed:
+
+ TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS'
+
+The POSIX.2 default time format (used by `time -p command') is
+
+ TIMEFORMAT=$'real %2R\nuser %2U\nsys %2S'
+
+The BSD /usr/bin/time format can be emulated with:
+
+ TIMEFORMAT=$'\t%1R real\t%1U user\t%1S sys'
+
+The System V /usr/bin/time format can be emulated with:
+
+ TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%1R\nuser\t%1U\nsys\t%1S'
+
+The ksh format can be emulated with:
+
+ TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%2lR\nuser\t%2lU\nsys\t%2lS'
+
+G5) How do I get the current directory into my prompt?
+
+Bash provides a number of backslash-escape sequences which are expanded
+when the prompt string (PS1 or PS2) is displayed. The full list is in
+the manual page.
+
+The \w expansion gives the full pathname of the current directory, with
+a tilde (`~') substituted for the current value of $HOME. The \W
+expansion gives the basename of the current directory. To put the full
+pathname of the current directory into the path without any tilde
+subsitution, use $PWD. Here are some examples:
+
+ PS1='\w$ ' # current directory with tilde
+ PS1='\W$ ' # basename of current directory
+ PS1='$PWD$ ' # full pathname of current directory
+
+The single quotes are important in the final example to prevent $PWD from
+being expanded when the assignment to PS1 is performed.
+
+G6) How can I rename "*.foo" to "*.bar"?
+
+Use the pattern removal functionality described in D3. The following `for'
+loop will do the trick:
+
+ for f in *.foo; do
+ mv $f ${f%foo}bar
+ done
+
+G7) How can I translate a filename from uppercase to lowercase?
+
+The script examples/functions/lowercase, originally written by John DuBois,
+will do the trick. The converse is left as an exercise.
+
+G8) How can I write a filename expansion (globbing) pattern that will match
+ all files in the current directory except "." and ".."?
+
+You must have set the `extglob' shell option using `shopt -s extglob' to use
+this:
+
+ echo .!(.|) *
+
+A solution that works without extended globbing is given in the Unix Shell
+FAQ, posted periodically to comp.unix.shell. It's a variant of
+
+ echo .[!.]* ..?* *
+
+(The ..?* catches files with names of three or more characters beginning
+with `..')
+
+Section H: Where do I go from here?
+
+H1) How do I report bugs in bash, and where should I look for fixes and
+ advice?
+
+Use the `bashbug' script to report bugs. It is built and
+installed at the same time as bash. It provides a standard
+template for reporting a problem and automatically includes
+information about your configuration and build environment.
+
+`bashbug' sends its reports to bug-bash@gnu.org, which
+is a large mailing list gatewayed to the usenet newsgroup gnu.bash.bug.
+
+Bug fixes, answers to questions, and announcements of new releases
+are all posted to gnu.bash.bug. Discussions concerning bash features
+and problems also take place there.
+
+To reach the bash maintainers directly, send mail to
+bash-maintainers@gnu.org.
+
+H2) What kind of bash documentation is there?
+
+First, look in the doc directory in the bash distribution. It should
+contain at least the following files:
+
+bash.1 an extensive, thorough Unix-style manual page
+builtins.1 a manual page covering just bash builtin commands
+bashref.texi a reference manual in GNU tex`info format
+bashref.info an info version of the reference manual
+FAQ this file
+article.ms text of an article written for The Linux Journal
+readline.3 a man page describing readline
+
+Postscript, HTML, and ASCII files created from the above source are
+available in the documentation distribution.
+
+There is additional documentation available for anonymous FTP from host
+ftp.cwru.edu in the `pub/bash' directory.
+
+Cameron Newham and Bill Rosenblatt have written a book on bash, published
+by O'Reilly and Associates. The book is based on Bill Rosenblatt's Korn
+Shell book. The title is ``Learning the Bash Shell'', and the ISBN number
+of the third edition, published in March, 2005, is 0-596-00965-8. Look for
+it in fine bookstores near you. This edition of the book has been updated
+to cover bash-3.0.
+
+The GNU Bash Reference Manual has been published as a printed book by
+Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Nov. 2006). It covers
+bash-3.2 and is available from most online bookstores (see
+http://www.network-theory.co.uk/bash/manual/ for details). The publisher
+will donate $1 to the Free Software Foundation for each copy sold.
+
+Arnold Robbins and Nelson Beebe have written ``Classic Shell Scripting'',
+published by O'Reilly. The first edition, with ISBN number 0-596-00595-4,
+was published in May, 2005.
+
+Chris F. A. Johnson, a frequent contributor to comp.unix.shell and
+gnu.bash.bug, has written ``Shell Scripting Recipes: A Problem-Solution
+Approach,'' a new book on shell scripting, concentrating on features of
+the POSIX standard helpful to shell script writers. The first edition from
+Apress, with ISBN number 1-59059-471-1, was published in May, 2005.
+
+H3) What's coming in future versions?
+
+These are features I hope to include in a future version of bash.
+
+Rocky Bernstein's bash debugger (support is included with bash-4.0)
+
+H4) What's on the bash `wish list' for future versions?
+
+These are features that may or may not appear in a future version of bash.
+
+breaking some of the shell functionality into embeddable libraries
+a module system like zsh's, using dynamic loading like builtins
+a bash programmer's guide with a chapter on creating loadable builtins
+a better loadable interface to perl with access to the shell builtins and
+ variables (contributions gratefully accepted)
+ksh93-like `nameref' variables
+ksh93-like `xx.yy' variables (including some of the .sh.* variables) and
+ associated disipline functions
+Some of the new ksh93 pattern matching operators, like backreferencing
+
+H5) When will the next release appear?
+
+The next version will appear sometime in 2010. Never make predictions.
+
+This document is Copyright 1995-2010 by Chester Ramey.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and
+without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute
+this document for any purpose, provided that the above copyright
+notice appears in all copies of this document and that the
+contents of this document remain unaltered.
--- /dev/null
+This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.10, for Bash version 4.1.
+
+This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning
+Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command
+interpreter with advanced features for both interactive use and shell
+programming.
+
+Another good source of basic information about shells is the collection
+of FAQ articles periodically posted to comp.unix.shell.
+
+Questions and comments concerning this document should be sent to
+chet.ramey@case.edu.
+
+This document is available for anonymous FTP with the URL
+
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/FAQ
+
+The Bash home page is http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/bash/bashtop.html
+
+----------
+Contents:
+
+Section A: The Basics
+
+A1) What is it?
+A2) What's the latest version?
+A3) Where can I get it?
+A4) On what machines will bash run?
+A5) Will bash run on operating systems other than Unix?
+A6) How can I build bash with gcc?
+A7) How can I make bash my login shell?
+A8) I just changed my login shell to bash, and now I can't FTP into my
+ machine. Why not?
+A9) What's the `POSIX Shell and Utilities standard'?
+A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
+
+Section B: The latest version
+
+B1) What's new in version 4.1?
+B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.1 and
+ previous bash versions?
+
+Section C: Differences from other Unix shells
+
+C1) How does bash differ from sh, the Bourne shell?
+C2) How does bash differ from the Korn shell, version ksh88?
+C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?
+
+Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells?
+
+D1) Why does bash run a different version of `command' than
+ `which command' says it will?
+D2) Why doesn't bash treat brace expansions exactly like csh?
+D3) Why doesn't bash have csh variable modifiers?
+D4) How can I make my csh aliases work when I convert to bash?
+D5) How can I pipe standard output and standard error from one command to
+ another, like csh does with `|&'?
+D6) Now that I've converted from ksh to bash, are there equivalents to
+ ksh features like autoloaded functions and the `whence' command?
+
+Section E: Why does bash do certain things the way it does?
+
+E1) Why is the bash builtin `test' slightly different from /bin/test?
+E2) Why does bash sometimes say `Broken pipe'?
+E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash
+ wrap lines at the wrong column?
+E4) If I pipe the output of a command into `read variable', why doesn't
+ the output show up in $variable when the read command finishes?
+E5) I have a bunch of shell scripts that use backslash-escaped characters
+ in arguments to `echo'. Bash doesn't interpret these characters. Why
+ not, and how can I make it understand them?
+E6) Why doesn't a while or for loop get suspended when I type ^Z?
+E7) What about empty for loops in Makefiles?
+E8) Why does the arithmetic evaluation code complain about `08'?
+E9) Why does the pattern matching expression [A-Z]* match files beginning
+ with every letter except `z'?
+E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'?
+E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash
+ notice the change?
+E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect?
+E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename?
+E14) Why does quoting the pattern argument to the regular expression matching
+ conditional operator (=~) cause matching to stop working?
+E15) Tell me more about the shell compatibility level.
+
+Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
+
+F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
+F2) I built bash on Solaris 2. Why do globbing expansions and filename
+ completion chop off the first few characters of each filename?
+F3) Why does bash dump core after I interrupt username completion or
+ `~user' tilde expansion on a machine running NIS?
+F4) I'm running SVR4.2. Why is the line erased every time I type `@'?
+F5) Why does bash report syntax errors when my C News scripts use a
+ redirection before a subshell command?
+F6) Why can't I use vi-mode editing on Red Hat Linux 6.1?
+F7) Why do bash-2.05a and bash-2.05b fail to compile `printf.def' on
+ HP/UX 11.x?
+
+Section G: How can I get bash to do certain common things?
+
+G1) How can I get bash to read and display eight-bit characters?
+G2) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but
+ still invoke the command from within the function?
+G3) How can I find the value of a shell variable whose name is the value
+ of another shell variable?
+G4) How can I make the bash `time' reserved word print timing output that
+ looks like the output from my system's /usr/bin/time?
+G5) How do I get the current directory into my prompt?
+G6) How can I rename "*.foo" to "*.bar"?
+G7) How can I translate a filename from uppercase to lowercase?
+G8) How can I write a filename expansion (globbing) pattern that will match
+ all files in the current directory except "." and ".."?
+
+Section H: Where do I go from here?
+
+H1) How do I report bugs in bash, and where should I look for fixes and
+ advice?
+H2) What kind of bash documentation is there?
+H3) What's coming in future versions?
+H4) What's on the bash `wish list'?
+H5) When will the next release appear?
+
+----------
+Section A: The Basics
+
+A1) What is it?
+
+Bash is a Unix command interpreter (shell). It is an implementation of
+the Posix 1003.2 shell standard, and resembles the Korn and System V
+shells.
+
+Bash contains a number of enhancements over those shells, both
+for interactive use and shell programming. Features geared
+toward interactive use include command line editing, command
+history, job control, aliases, and prompt expansion. Programming
+features include additional variable expansions, shell
+arithmetic, and a number of variables and options to control
+shell behavior.
+
+Bash was originally written by Brian Fox of the Free Software
+Foundation. The current developer and maintainer is Chet Ramey
+of Case Western Reserve University.
+
+A2) What's the latest version?
+
+The latest version is 4.1, first made available on XX January, 2010.
+
+A3) Where can I get it?
+
+Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the
+master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. The
+latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu.
+The following URLs tell how to get version 4.1:
+
+ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz
+
+Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs:
+
+ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz
+
+Any patches for the current version are available with the URL:
+
+ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1-patches/
+
+A4) On what machines will bash run?
+
+Bash has been ported to nearly every version of Unix. All you
+should have to do to build it on a machine for which a port
+exists is to type `configure' and then `make'. The build process
+will attempt to discover the version of Unix you have and tailor
+itself accordingly, using a script created by GNU autoconf.
+
+More information appears in the file `INSTALL' in the distribution.
+
+The Bash web page (http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/bash/bashtop.html)
+explains how to obtain binary versions of bash for most of the major
+commercial Unix systems.
+
+A5) Will bash run on operating systems other than Unix?
+
+Configuration specifics for Unix-like systems such as QNX and
+LynxOS are included in the distribution. Bash-2.05 and later
+versions should compile and run on Minix 2.0 (patches were
+contributed), but I don't believe anyone has built bash-2.x on
+earlier Minix versions yet.
+
+Bash has been ported to versions of Windows implementing the Win32
+programming interface. This includes Windows 95 and Windows NT.
+The port was done by Cygnus Solutions (now part of Red Hat) as part
+of their CYGWIN project. For more information about the project, see
+http://www.cygwin.com/.
+
+Cygnus originally ported bash-1.14.7, and that port was part of their
+early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done
+ports of bash-3.2 and bash-4.0 to the CYGWIN environment, and both
+are available as part of their current release.
+
+Bash-2.05b and later versions should require no local Cygnus changes to
+build and run under CYGWIN.
+
+DJ Delorie has a port of bash-2.x which runs under MS-DOS, as part
+of the DJGPP project. For more information on the project, see
+
+http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/
+
+I have been told that the original DJGPP port was done by Daisuke Aoyama.
+
+Mark Elbrecht <snowball3@bigfoot.com> has sent me notice that bash-2.04
+is available for DJGPP V2. The files are available as:
+
+ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204b.zip binary
+ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204d.zip documentation
+ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204s.zip source
+
+Mark began to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the current status.
+
+Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services
+for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix. I do not anticipate any problems
+with building bash-4.1, but will gladly accept any patches that are needed.
+
+A6) How can I build bash with gcc?
+
+Bash configures to use gcc by default if it is available. Read the
+file INSTALL in the distribution for more information.
+
+A7) How can I make bash my login shell?
+
+Some machines let you use `chsh' to change your login shell. Other
+systems use `passwd -s' or `passwd -e'. If one of these works for
+you, that's all you need. Note that many systems require the full
+pathname to a shell to appear in /etc/shells before you can make it
+your login shell. For this, you may need the assistance of your
+friendly local system administrator.
+
+If you cannot do this, you can still use bash as your login shell, but
+you need to perform some tricks. The basic idea is to add a command
+to your login shell's startup file to replace your login shell with
+bash.
+
+For example, if your login shell is csh or tcsh, and you have installed
+bash in /usr/gnu/bin/bash, add the following line to ~/.login:
+
+ if ( -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ) exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
+
+(the `--login' tells bash that it is a login shell).
+
+It's not a good idea to put this command into ~/.cshrc, because every
+csh you run without the `-f' option, even ones started to run csh scripts,
+reads that file. If you must put the command in ~/.cshrc, use something
+like
+
+ if ( $?prompt ) exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
+
+to ensure that bash is exec'd only when the csh is interactive.
+
+If your login shell is sh or ksh, you have to do two things.
+
+First, create an empty file in your home directory named `.bash_profile'.
+The existence of this file will prevent the exec'd bash from trying to
+read ~/.profile, and re-execing itself over and over again. ~/.bash_profile
+is the first file bash tries to read initialization commands from when
+it is invoked as a login shell.
+
+Next, add a line similar to the above to ~/.profile:
+
+ [ -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && [ -x /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && \
+ exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
+
+This will cause login shells to replace themselves with bash running as
+a login shell. Once you have this working, you can copy your initialization
+code from ~/.profile to ~/.bash_profile.
+
+I have received word that the recipe supplied above is insufficient for
+machines running CDE. CDE has a maze of twisty little startup files, all
+slightly different.
+
+If you cannot change your login shell in the password file to bash, you
+will have to (apparently) live with CDE using the shell in the password
+file to run its startup scripts. If you have changed your shell to bash,
+there is code in the CDE startup files (on Solaris, at least) that attempts
+to do the right thing. It is, however, often broken, and may require that
+you use the $BASH_ENV trick described below.
+
+`dtterm' claims to use $SHELL as the default program to start, so if you
+can change $SHELL in the CDE startup files, you should be able to use bash
+in your terminal windows.
+
+Setting DTSOURCEPROFILE in ~/.dtprofile will cause the `Xsession' program
+to read your login shell's startup files. You may be able to use bash for
+the rest of the CDE programs by setting SHELL to bash in ~/.dtprofile as
+well, but I have not tried this.
+
+You can use the above `exec' recipe to start bash when not logging in with
+CDE by testing the value of the DT variable:
+
+ if [ -n "$DT" ]; then
+ [ -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login
+ fi
+
+If CDE starts its shells non-interactively during login, the login shell
+startup files (~/.profile, ~/.bash_profile) will not be sourced at login.
+To get around this problem, append a line similar to the following to your
+~/.dtprofile:
+
+ BASH_ENV=${HOME}/.bash_profile ; export BASH_ENV
+
+and add the following line to the beginning of ~/.bash_profile:
+
+ unset BASH_ENV
+
+A8) I just changed my login shell to bash, and now I can't FTP into my
+ machine. Why not?
+
+You must add the full pathname to bash to the file /etc/shells. As
+noted in the answer to the previous question, many systems require
+this before you can make bash your login shell.
+
+Most versions of ftpd use this file to prohibit `special' users
+such as `uucp' and `news' from using FTP.
+
+A9) What's the `POSIX Shell and Utilities standard'?
+
+POSIX is a name originally coined by Richard Stallman for a
+family of open system standards based on UNIX. There are a
+number of aspects of UNIX under consideration for
+standardization, from the basic system services at the system
+call and C library level to applications and tools to system
+administration and management. Each area of standardization is
+assigned to a working group in the 1003 series.
+
+The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard was originally developed by
+IEEE Working Group 1003.2 (POSIX.2). Today it has been merged with
+the original 1003.1 Working Group and is maintained by the Austin
+Group (a joint working group of the IEEE, The Open Group and
+ISO/IEC SC22/WG15). Today the Shell and Utilities are a volume
+within the set of documents that make up IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, and
+thus now the former POSIX.2 (from 1992) is now part of the current
+POSIX.1 standard (POSIX 1003.1-2001).
+
+The Shell and Utilities volume concentrates on the command
+interpreter interface and utility programs commonly executed from
+the command line or by other programs. The standard is freely
+available on the web at http://www.UNIX-systems.org/version3/ .
+Work continues at the Austin Group on maintenance issues; see
+http://www.opengroup.org/austin/ to join the discussions.
+
+Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's behavior defined
+by the POSIX Shell and Utilities volume. The shell command
+language has of course been standardized, including the basic flow
+control and program execution constructs, I/O redirection and
+pipelining, argument handling, variable expansion, and quoting.
+
+The `special' builtins, which must be implemented as part of the
+shell to provide the desired functionality, are specified as
+being part of the shell; examples of these are `eval' and
+`export'. Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX not
+devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in some cases must
+be) implemented as builtin commands, such as `read' and `test'.
+POSIX also specifies aspects of the shell's interactive
+behavior as part of the UPE, including job control and command
+line editing. Only vi-style line editing commands have been
+standardized; emacs editing commands were left out due to
+objections.
+
+The latest version of the POSIX Shell and Utilities standard is
+available (now updated to the 2004 Edition) as part of the Single
+UNIX Specification Version 3 at
+
+http://www.UNIX-systems.org/version3/
+
+A10) What is the bash `posix mode'?
+
+Although bash is an implementation of the POSIX shell
+specification, there are areas where the bash default behavior
+differs from that spec. The bash `posix mode' changes the bash
+behavior in these areas so that it obeys the spec more closely.
+
+Posix mode is entered by starting bash with the --posix or
+'-o posix' option or executing `set -o posix' after bash is running.
+
+The specific aspects of bash which change when posix mode is
+active are listed in the file POSIX in the bash distribution.
+They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual
+(from which that file is generated).
+
+Section B: The latest version
+
+B1) What's new in version 4.1?
+
+Bash-4.1 is the first revision to the fourth major release of bash.
+
+Bash-4.1 contains the following new features (see the manual page for
+complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-4.1
+distribution):
+
+o Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be
+ delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline.
+
+o Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file
+ system ACLs into account on file systems that support them.
+
+o Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid
+ shell variable names through into the environment passed to child
+ processes.
+
+o The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and
+ reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command
+ executes.
+
+o `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices.
+
+o New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty"
+ completion: completion attempted on an empty command line.
+
+o New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion:
+ a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been
+ defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is
+ attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions
+ as completion is attempted by having the default completion function
+ install individual completion functions each time it is invoked.
+
+o When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted.
+
+o Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended
+ after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries
+ are presented first.
+
+o The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the
+ ERR trap.
+
+o The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting
+ to parse commands.
+
+o There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to
+ forward all history entries to syslog.
+
+o A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to
+ child processes.
+
+o There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be
+ enabled by default.
+
+o New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace
+ output to that file descriptor.
+
+o If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the
+ shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file
+ descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator.
+
+o The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string
+ comparison according to the current locale.
+
+o Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a'
+ when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c.
+
+o Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to
+ the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility.
+
+o Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is
+ received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only.
+
+o The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS
+ characters, ignoring delimiters like newline.
+
+o The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via
+ callbacks in the history list.
+
+o There is a new `compat40' shopt option.
+
+o The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale
+ only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default).
+
+o New bindable readline function: menu-complete-backward.
+
+o In the readline vi-mode insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete
+ by default, and C-p to menu-complete-backward.
+
+o When in readline vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing,
+ even when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how
+ historical vi behaves.
+
+o New bindable readline function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a
+ default to consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End
+ without having to bind all keys.
+
+o New bindable readline variable: skip-completed-text, active when
+ completing in the middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters
+ in the completion that match characters in the remainder of the word are
+ "skipped" rather than inserted into the line.
+
+o The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as
+ "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version.
+
+o New bindable readline variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and
+ the tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters
+ corresponding to keyboard-generated signals.
+
+o New bindable readline variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not
+ readline sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a
+ meta key that enables eight-bit characters.
+
+A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0:
+
+Bash-4.0 contained the following new features:
+
+o When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
+ index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
+
+o There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of
+ the current shell.
+
+o There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt
+ to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a
+ simple command.
+
+o There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and
+ report any running or stopped jobs at exit.
+
+o The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to
+ a character describing the type of completion being attempted.
+
+o The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to
+ the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).
+
+o The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as
+ readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.
+
+o The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in
+ Posix mode, as Posix specifies.
+
+o Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received
+ in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also
+ results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty
+ string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out,
+ it returns an exit status greater than 128.
+
+o The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+ new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently
+ restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs
+ of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.
+
+o The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number
+ of threads) options.
+
+o There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify
+ completion options for existing completions or the completion currently
+ being executed.
+
+o The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply
+ buffer when using readline.
+
+o A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default
+ behavior for completion on an empty line.
+
+o There is now limited support for completing command name words containing
+ globbing characters.
+
+o The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
+ and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
+
+o There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
+ given file.
+
+o If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
+ named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
+ function arguments.
+
+o There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code
+ treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within
+ them, when appropriate) recursively.
+
+o There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename
+ completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during
+ completion.
+
+o The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout
+ values.
+
+o Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and
+ will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the
+ same number of digits.
+
+o There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'.
+ It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.
+
+o The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
+ variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER
+ and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line
+ and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
+ respectively.
+
+o There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output
+ and standard error to the named file.
+
+o The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
+ the standard error for a command through a pipe.
+
+o The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to
+ continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the
+ statement rather than terminating the command.
+
+o The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to
+ test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current
+ action, rather than terminating the command.
+
+o The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an
+ integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will
+ retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace
+ the intervening characters with `...'.
+
+o There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and
+ lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or
+ array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern
+ that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally-
+ configured feature to include capitalization operators.
+
+o The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate
+ support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.
+
+o The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon
+ assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options.
+ There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at
+ assignment.
+
+o There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an
+ asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell.
+ Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the
+ PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables
+ with coproc-specific names.
+
+o A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is
+ input available to be read from the specified file descriptor.
+
+o CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged
+ mode.
+
+o New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word,
+ which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters
+ and honor shell quoting.
+
+o New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word
+ which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries
+ as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.
+
+Bash-3.2 contained the following new features:
+
+o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing
+ characters when deciding whether or not a script is a binary file.
+
+o Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ (regexp) operator now
+ forces string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
+
+Bash-3.1 contained the following new features:
+
+o Bash-3.1 may now be configured and built in a mode that enforces strict
+ POSIX compliance.
+
+o The `+=' assignment operator, which appends to the value of a string or
+ array variable, has been implemented.
+
+o It is now possible to ignore case when matching in contexts other than
+ filename generation using the new `nocasematch' shell option.
+
+Bash-3.0 contained the following new features:
+
+o Features to support the bash debugger have been implemented, and there
+ is a new `extdebug' option to turn the non-default options on
+
+o HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of options and has been
+ extended with a new `erasedups' option that will result in only one
+ copy of a command being kept in the history list
+
+o Brace expansion has been extended with a new {x..y} form, producing
+ sequences of digits or characters
+
+o Timestamps are now kept with history entries, with an option to save
+ and restore them from the history file; there is a new HISTTIMEFORMAT
+ variable describing how to display the timestamps when listing history
+ entries
+
+o The `[[' command can now perform extended regular expression (egrep-like)
+ matching, with matched subexpressions placed in the BASH_REMATCH array
+ variable
+
+o A new `pipefail' option causes a pipeline to return a failure status if
+ any command in it fails
+
+o The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
+ in their arguments even if job control is not enabled
+
+o The `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated, and the shell
+ messages may be translated into other languages
+
+Bash-2.05b introduced the following new features:
+
+o support for multibyte characters has been added to both bash and readline
+
+o the DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands,
+ [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops
+
+o the shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the machine
+ supports (intmax_t)
+
+o there is a new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime(3)
+ and inserts the result into the expanded prompt
+
+o there is a new `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word
+
+o when displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown
+ separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use
+ the old output would result in syntax errors).
+
+o `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor
+
+o the bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the
+ new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like,
+ and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better
+
+o the expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the
+ function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a
+ script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as
+ POSIX-2001 requires
+
+Bash-2.05a introduced the following new features:
+
+o The `printf' builtin has undergone major work
+
+o There is a new read-only `shopt' option: login_shell, which is set by
+ login shells and unset otherwise
+
+o New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expanding to time in 24-hour
+ HH:MM format
+
+o New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; goes group name
+ completion
+
+o New [+-]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup
+
+o ksh-like `ERR' trap
+
+o `for' loops now allow empty word lists after the `in' reserved word
+
+o new `hard' and `soft' arguments for the `ulimit' builtin
+
+o Readline can be configured to place the user at the same point on the line
+ when retrieving commands from the history list
+
+o Readline can be configured to skip `hidden' files (filenames with a leading
+ `.' on Unix) when performing completion
+
+Bash-2.05 introduced the following new features:
+
+o This version has once again reverted to using locales and strcoll(3) when
+ processing pattern matching bracket expressions, as POSIX requires.
+o Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile',
+ per the new GNU coding standards.
+o The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as
+ port numbers.
+o `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some
+ of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are:
+
+ default - perform bash default completion if programmable
+ completion produces no matches
+ dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable
+ completion produces no matches
+ filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames,
+ so it can do things like append slashes to
+ directory names and suppress trailing spaces
+o A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks
+ in pathname arguments.
+o When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a
+ way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and
+ `declare -p' as well. This only happens when the shell is not in POSIX
+ mode, since POSIX.2 forbids this behavior.
+
+Bash-2.04 introduced the following new features:
+
+o Programmable word completion with the new `complete' and `compgen' builtins;
+ examples are provided in examples/complete/complete-examples
+o `history' has a new `-d' option to delete a history entry
+o `bind' has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell commands
+o The prompt expansion code has new `\j' and `\l' escape sequences
+o The `no_empty_cmd_completion' shell option, if enabled, inhibits
+ command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line
+o `help' has a new `-s' option to print a usage synopsis
+o New arithmetic operators: var++, var--, ++var, --var, expr1,expr2 (comma)
+o New ksh93-style arithmetic for command:
+ for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
+o `read' has new options: `-t', `-n', `-d', `-s'
+o The redirection code handles several filenames specially: /dev/fd/N,
+ /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr
+o The redirection code now recognizes /dev/tcp/HOST/PORT and
+ /dev/udp/HOST/PORT and tries to open a TCP or UDP socket, respectively,
+ to the specified port on the specified host
+o The ${!prefix*} expansion has been implemented
+o A new FUNCNAME variable, which expands to the name of a currently-executing
+ function
+o The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly
+o A new shopt `xpg_echo' variable, to control the behavior of echo with
+ respect to backslash-escape sequences at runtime
+o The NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define has returned
+
+The version of Readline released with Bash-2.04, Readline-4.1, had several
+new features as well:
+
+o Parentheses matching is always compiled into readline, and controllable
+ with the new `blink-matching-paren' variable
+o The history-search-forward and history-search-backward functions now leave
+ point at the end of the line when the search string is empty, like
+ reverse-search-history, and forward-search-history
+o A new function for applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt()
+o New variables for applications: rl_already_prompted, and rl_gnu_readline_p
+
+
+Bash-2.03 had very few new features, in keeping with the convention
+that odd-numbered releases provide mainly bug fixes. A number of new
+features were added to Readline, mostly at the request of the Cygnus
+folks.
+
+A new shopt option, `restricted_shell', so that startup files can test
+ whether or not the shell was started in restricted mode
+Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in
+ compound array assignments (this is really a bug fix)
+OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 requires
+ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell
+Bash may now be linked against an already-installed Readline library,
+ as long as the Readline library is version 4 or newer
+All shells begun with the `--login' option will source the login shell
+ startup files, even if the shell is not interactive
+
+There were lots of changes to the version of the Readline library released
+along with Bash-2.03. For a complete list of the changes, read the file
+CHANGES in the Bash-2.03 distribution.
+
+Bash-2.02 contained the following new features:
+
+a new version of malloc (based on the old GNU malloc code in previous
+ bash versions) that is more page-oriented, more conservative
+ with memory usage, does not `orphan' large blocks when they
+ are freed, is usable on 64-bit machines, and has allocation
+ checking turned on unconditionally
+POSIX.2-style globbing character classes ([:alpha:], [:alnum:], etc.)
+POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
+POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols
+the ksh [[...]] extended conditional command
+the ksh egrep-style extended pattern matching operators
+a new `printf' builtin
+the ksh-like $(<filename) command substitution, which is equivalent to
+ $(cat filename)
+new tilde prefixes that expand to directories from the directory stack
+new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation
+case-insensitive globbing (filename expansion)
+menu completion a la tcsh
+`magic-space' history expansion function like tcsh
+the readline inputrc `language' has a new file inclusion directive ($include)
+
+Bash-2.01 contained only a few new features:
+
+new `GROUPS' builtin array variable containing the user's group list
+new bindable readline commands: history-and-alias-expand-line and
+ alias-expand-line
+
+Bash-2.0 contained extensive changes and new features from bash-1.14.7.
+Here's a short list:
+
+new `time' reserved word to time pipelines, shell builtins, and
+ shell functions
+one-dimensional arrays with a new compound assignment statement,
+ appropriate expansion constructs and modifications to some
+ of the builtins (read, declare, etc.) to use them
+new quoting syntaxes for ANSI-C string expansion and locale-specific
+ string translation
+new expansions to do substring extraction, pattern replacement, and
+ indirect variable expansion
+new builtins: `disown' and `shopt'
+new variables: HISTIGNORE, SHELLOPTS, PIPESTATUS, DIRSTACK, GLOBIGNORE,
+ MACHTYPE, BASH_VERSINFO
+special handling of many unused or redundant variables removed
+ (e.g., $notify, $glob_dot_filenames, $no_exit_on_failed_exec)
+dynamic loading of new builtin commands; many loadable examples provided
+new prompt expansions: \a, \e, \n, \H, \T, \@, \v, \V
+history and aliases available in shell scripts
+new readline variables: enable-keypad, mark-directories, input-meta,
+ visible-stats, disable-completion, comment-begin
+new readline commands to manipulate the mark and operate on the region
+new readline emacs mode commands and bindings for ksh-88 compatibility
+updated and extended builtins
+new DEBUG trap
+expanded (and now documented) restricted shell mode
+
+implementation stuff:
+autoconf-based configuration
+nearly all of the bugs reported since version 1.14 have been fixed
+most builtins converted to use builtin `getopt' for consistency
+most builtins use -p option to display output in a reusable form
+ (for consistency)
+grammar tighter and smaller (66 reduce-reduce conflicts gone)
+lots of code now smaller and faster
+test suite greatly expanded
+
+B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.1 and
+ previous bash versions?
+
+There are a few incompatibilities between version 4.1 and previous
+versions. They are detailed in the file COMPAT in the bash distribution.
+That file is not meant to be all-encompassing; send mail to
+bash-maintainers@gnu.org (or bug-bash@gnu.org if you would like
+community discussion) if if you find something that's not mentioned there.
+
+Section C: Differences from other Unix shells
+
+C1) How does bash differ from sh, the Bourne shell?
+
+This is a non-comprehensive list of features that differentiate bash
+from the SVR4.2 shell. The bash manual page explains these more
+completely.
+
+Things bash has that sh does not:
+ long invocation options
+ [+-]O invocation option
+ -l invocation option
+ `!' reserved word to invert pipeline return value
+ `time' reserved word to time pipelines and shell builtins
+ the `function' reserved word
+ the `select' compound command and reserved word
+ arithmetic for command: for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
+ new $'...' and $"..." quoting
+ the $(...) form of command substitution
+ the $(<filename) form of command substitution, equivalent to
+ $(cat filename)
+ the ${#param} parameter value length operator
+ the ${!param} indirect parameter expansion operator
+ the ${!param*} prefix expansion operator
+ the ${param:offset[:length]} parameter substring operator
+ the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator
+ expansions to perform substring removal (${p%[%]w}, ${p#[#]w})
+ expansion of positional parameters beyond $9 with ${num}
+ variables: BASH, BASHPID, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, UID, EUID, REPLY,
+ TIMEFORMAT, PPID, PWD, OLDPWD, SHLVL, RANDOM, SECONDS,
+ LINENO, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE, HOSTNAME,
+ ENV, PS3, PS4, DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, HISTSIZE, HISTFILE,
+ HISTFILESIZE, HISTCONTROL, HISTIGNORE, GLOBIGNORE, GROUPS,
+ PROMPT_COMMAND, FCEDIT, FIGNORE, IGNOREEOF, INPUTRC,
+ SHELLOPTS, OPTERR, HOSTFILE, TMOUT, FUNCNAME, histchars,
+ auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM, BASHOPTS, BASH_XTRACEFD
+ DEBUG trap
+ ERR trap
+ variable arrays with new compound assignment syntax
+ redirections: <>, &>, >|, <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>&
+ prompt string special char translation and variable expansion
+ auto-export of variables in initial environment
+ command search finds functions before builtins
+ bash return builtin will exit a file sourced with `.'
+ builtins: cd -/-L/-P, exec -l/-c/-a, echo -e/-E, hash -d/-l/-p/-t.
+ export -n/-f/-p/name=value, pwd -L/-P,
+ read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u/-i/-N,
+ readonly -a/-f/name=value, trap -l, set +o,
+ set -b/-m/-o option/-h/-p/-B/-C/-H/-P,
+ unset -f/-v, ulimit -i/-m/-p/-q/-u/-x,
+ type -a/-p/-t/-f/-P, suspend -f, kill -n,
+ test -o optname/s1 == s2/s1 < s2/s1 > s2/-nt/-ot/-ef/-O/-G/-S
+ bash reads ~/.bashrc for interactive shells, $ENV for non-interactive
+ bash restricted shell mode is more extensive
+ bash allows functions and variables with the same name
+ brace expansion
+ tilde expansion
+ arithmetic expansion with $((...)) and `let' builtin
+ the `[[...]]' extended conditional command
+ process substitution
+ aliases and alias/unalias builtins
+ local variables in functions and `local' builtin
+ readline and command-line editing with programmable completion
+ command history and history/fc builtins
+ csh-like history expansion
+ other new bash builtins: bind, command, compgen, complete, builtin,
+ declare/typeset, dirs, enable, fc, help,
+ history, logout, popd, pushd, disown, shopt,
+ printf, compopt, mapfile
+ exported functions
+ filename generation when using output redirection (command >a*)
+ POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
+ POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
+ POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols
+ egrep-like extended pattern matching operators
+ case-insensitive pattern matching and globbing
+ variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command,
+ even for builtins and functions
+ posix mode and strict posix conformance
+ redirection to /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr,
+ /dev/tcp/host/port, /dev/udp/host/port
+ debugger support, including `caller' builtin and new variables
+ RETURN trap
+ the `+=' assignment operator
+ autocd shell option and behavior
+ command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function
+ globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior
+ |& synonym for `2>&1 |'
+ ;& and ;;& case action list terminators
+ case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes
+ associative arrays
+ coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables
+ shell assignment of a file descriptor used in a redirection to a variable
+
+Things sh has that bash does not:
+ uses variable SHACCT to do shell accounting
+ includes `stop' builtin (bash can use alias stop='kill -s STOP')
+ `newgrp' builtin
+ turns on job control if called as `jsh'
+ $TIMEOUT (like bash $TMOUT)
+ `^' is a synonym for `|'
+ new SVR4.2 sh builtins: mldmode, priv
+
+Implementation differences:
+ redirection to/from compound commands causes sh to create a subshell
+ bash does not allow unbalanced quotes; sh silently inserts them at EOF
+ bash does not mess with signal 11
+ sh sets (euid, egid) to (uid, gid) if -p not supplied and uid < 100
+ bash splits only the results of expansions on IFS, using POSIX.2
+ field splitting rules; sh splits all words on IFS
+ sh does not allow MAILCHECK to be unset (?)
+ sh does not allow traps on SIGALRM or SIGCHLD
+ bash allows multiple option arguments when invoked (e.g. -x -v);
+ sh allows only a single option argument (`sh -x -v' attempts
+ to open a file named `-v', and, on SunOS 4.1.4, dumps core.
+ On Solaris 2.4 and earlier versions, sh goes into an infinite
+ loop.)
+ sh exits a script if any builtin fails; bash exits only if one of
+ the POSIX.2 `special' builtins fails
+
+C2) How does bash differ from the Korn shell, version ksh88?
+
+Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not:
+ long invocation options
+ [-+]O invocation option
+ -l invocation option
+ `!' reserved word
+ arithmetic for command: for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
+ arithmetic in largest machine-supported size (intmax_t)
+ posix mode and posix conformance
+ command hashing
+ tilde expansion for assignment statements that look like $PATH
+ process substitution with named pipes if /dev/fd is not available
+ the ${!param} indirect parameter expansion operator
+ the ${!param*} prefix expansion operator
+ the ${param:offset[:length]} parameter substring operator
+ the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator
+ variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, BASHPID, UID, EUID, SHLVL,
+ TIMEFORMAT, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE,
+ HISTFILESIZE, HISTIGNORE, HISTCONTROL, PROMPT_COMMAND,
+ IGNOREEOF, FIGNORE, INPUTRC, HOSTFILE, DIRSTACK,
+ PIPESTATUS, HOSTNAME, OPTERR, SHELLOPTS, GLOBIGNORE,
+ GROUPS, FUNCNAME, histchars, auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM
+ prompt expansion with backslash escapes and command substitution
+ redirection: &> (stdout and stderr), <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>&
+ more extensive and extensible editing and programmable completion
+ builtins: bind, builtin, command, declare, dirs, echo -e/-E, enable,
+ exec -l/-c/-a, fc -s, export -n/-f/-p, hash, help, history,
+ jobs -x/-r/-s, kill -s/-n/-l, local, logout, popd, pushd,
+ read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-N, readonly -a/-n/-f/-p,
+ set -o braceexpand/-o histexpand/-o interactive-comments/
+ -o notify/-o physical/-o posix/-o hashall/-o onecmd/
+ -h/-B/-C/-b/-H/-P, set +o, suspend, trap -l, type,
+ typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -i/-q/-u/-x, umask -S, alias -p,
+ shopt, disown, printf, complete, compgen, compopt, mapfile
+ `!' csh-style history expansion
+ POSIX.2-style globbing character classes
+ POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes
+ POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols
+ egrep-like extended pattern matching operators
+ case-insensitive pattern matching and globbing
+ `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation
+ redirection to /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr
+ arrays of unlimited size
+ TMOUT is default timeout for `read' and `select'
+ debugger support, including the `caller' builtin
+ RETURN trap
+ Timestamps in history entries
+ {x..y} brace expansion
+ The `+=' assignment operator
+ autocd shell option and behavior
+ command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function
+ globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior
+ |& synonym for `2>&1 |'
+ ;& and ;;& case action list terminators
+ case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes
+ associative arrays
+ coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables
+ shell assignment of a file descriptor used in a redirection to a variable
+
+Things ksh88 has or uses that bash does not:
+ tracked aliases (alias -t)
+ variables: ERRNO, FPATH, EDITOR, VISUAL
+ co-processes (bash uses different syntax)
+ weirdly-scoped functions
+ typeset +f to list all function names without definitions
+ text of command history kept in a file, not memory
+ builtins: alias -x, cd old new, newgrp, print,
+ read -p/-s/var?prompt, set -A/-o gmacs/
+ -o bgnice/-o markdirs/-o trackall/-o viraw/-s,
+ typeset -H/-L/-R/-Z/-A/-ft/-fu/-fx/-t, whence
+ using environment to pass attributes of exported variables
+ arithmetic evaluation done on arguments to some builtins
+ reads .profile from $PWD when invoked as login shell
+
+Implementation differences:
+ ksh runs last command of a pipeline in parent shell context
+ bash has brace expansion by default (ksh88 compile-time option)
+ bash has fixed startup file for all interactive shells; ksh reads $ENV
+ bash has exported functions
+ bash command search finds functions before builtins
+ bash waits for all commands in pipeline to exit before returning status
+ emacs-mode editing has some slightly different key bindings
+
+C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are?
+
+This list is current through ksh93t+ (05/05/2009)
+
+New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.1:
+ floating point arithmetic and variables
+ math library functions
+ ${!name[sub]} name of subscript for associative array
+ `.' is allowed in variable names to create a hierarchical namespace
+ more extensive compound assignment syntax
+ discipline functions
+ KEYBD trap
+ variables: .sh.edchar, .sh.edmode, .sh.edcol, .sh.edtext, .sh.version,
+ .sh.name, .sh.subscript, .sh.value, .sh.match, HISTEDIT
+ backreferences in pattern matching (\N)
+ `&' operator in pattern lists for matching (match all instead of any)
+ exit statuses between 0 and 255
+ FPATH and PATH mixing
+ lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions
+ no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions
+ $'' \C[.collating-element.] escape sequence
+ -C/-I invocation options
+ print -f (bash uses printf)
+ `fc' has been renamed to `hist'
+ `.' can execute shell functions
+ getopts -a
+ printf %B, %H, %P, %R, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d, `=' flag
+ read -n/-N differ/-v
+ set -o showme/-o multiline (bash default)
+ `sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions)
+ typeset -n and `nameref' variables
+ [[ -R name ]] (checks whether or not name is a nameref)
+ typeset -C/-S/-T/-X/-h/-s
+ experimental `type' definitions (a la typedef) using typeset
+ negative subscripts for indexed array variables
+ array expansions ${array[sub1..sub2]} and ${!array[sub1..sub2]}
+ associative array assignments using `;' as element separator
+ command substitution $(n<#) expands to current byte offset for fd N
+ new '${ ' form of command substitution, executed in current shell
+ new >;/<>;/<#pat/<##pat/<#/># redirections
+ brace expansion printf-like formats
+ [[ -v var ]] operators (checks whether or not var is set)
+
+New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.1:
+ associative arrays
+ [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close)
+ for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command
+ ?:, ++, --, `expr1 , expr2' arithmetic operators
+ expansions: ${!param}, ${param:offset[:len]}, ${param/pat[/str]},
+ ${!param*}
+ compound array assignment
+ the `!' reserved word
+ loadable builtins -- but ksh uses `builtin' while bash uses `enable'
+ new $'...' and $"..." quoting
+ FIGNORE (but bash uses GLOBIGNORE), HISTCMD
+ brace expansion and set -B
+ changes to kill builtin
+ `command', `builtin', `disown' builtins
+ echo -e
+ exec -c/-a
+ read -A (bash uses read -a)
+ read -t/-d
+ trap -p
+ `.' restores the positional parameters when it completes
+ set -o notify/-C
+ set -o pipefail
+ set -G (-o globstar) and **
+ POSIX.2 `test'
+ umask -S
+ unalias -a
+ command and arithmetic substitution performed on PS1, PS4, and ENV
+ command name completion, TAB displaying possible completions
+ ENV processed only for interactive shells
+ The `+=' assignment operator
+ the `;&' case statement "fallthrough" pattern list terminator
+ csh-style history expansion and set -H
+ negative offsets in ${param:offset:length}
+ redirection operators preceded with {varname} to store fd number in varname
+ DEBUG can force skipping following command
+
+Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells?
+
+D1) Why does bash run a different version of `command' than
+ `which command' says it will?
+
+On many systems, `which' is actually a csh script that assumes
+you're running csh. In tcsh, `which' and its cousin `where'
+are builtins. On other Unix systems, `which' is a perl script
+that uses the PATH environment variable. Many Linux distributions
+use GNU `which', which is a C program that can understand shell
+aliases.
+
+The csh script version reads the csh startup files from your
+home directory and uses those to determine which `command' will
+be invoked. Since bash doesn't use any of those startup files,
+there's a good chance that your bash environment differs from
+your csh environment. The bash `type' builtin does everything
+`which' does, and will report correct results for the running
+shell. If you're really wedded to the name `which', try adding
+the following function definition to your .bashrc:
+
+ which()
+ {
+ builtin type "$@"
+ }
+
+If you're moving from tcsh and would like to bring `where' along
+as well, use this function:
+
+ where()
+ {
+ builtin type -a "$@"
+ }
+
+D2) Why doesn't bash treat brace expansions exactly like csh?
+
+The only difference between bash and csh brace expansion is that
+bash requires a brace expression to contain at least one unquoted
+comma if it is to be expanded. Any brace-surrounded word not
+containing an unquoted comma is left unchanged by the brace
+expansion code. This affords the greatest degree of sh
+compatibility.
+
+Bash, ksh, zsh, and pd-ksh all implement brace expansion this way.
+
+D3) Why doesn't bash have csh variable modifiers?
+
+Posix has specified a more powerful, albeit somewhat more cryptic,
+mechanism cribbed from ksh, and bash implements it.
+
+${parameter%word}
+ Remove smallest suffix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce
+ a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the
+ smallest portion of the suffix matched by the pattern deleted.
+
+ x=file.c
+ echo ${x%.c}.o
+ -->file.o
+
+${parameter%%word}
+
+ Remove largest suffix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce
+ a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the
+ largest portion of the suffix matched by the pattern deleted.
+
+ x=posix/src/std
+ echo ${x%%/*}
+ -->posix
+
+${parameter#word}
+ Remove smallest prefix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce
+ a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the
+ smallest portion of the prefix matched by the pattern deleted.
+
+ x=$HOME/src/cmd
+ echo ${x#$HOME}
+ -->/src/cmd
+
+${parameter##word}
+ Remove largest prefix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce
+ a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the
+ largest portion of the prefix matched by the pattern deleted.
+
+ x=/one/two/three
+ echo ${x##*/}
+ -->three
+
+
+Given
+ a=/a/b/c/d
+ b=b.xxx
+
+ csh bash result
+ --- ---- ------
+ $a:h ${a%/*} /a/b/c
+ $a:t ${a##*/} d
+ $b:r ${b%.*} b
+ $b:e ${b##*.} xxx
+
+
+D4) How can I make my csh aliases work when I convert to bash?
+
+Bash uses a different syntax to support aliases than csh does.
+The details can be found in the documentation. We have provided
+a shell script which does most of the work of conversion for you;
+this script can be found in ./examples/misc/aliasconv.sh. Here is
+how you use it:
+
+Start csh in the normal way for you. (e.g., `csh')
+
+Pipe the output of `alias' through `aliasconv.sh', saving the
+results into `bash_aliases':
+
+ alias | bash aliasconv.sh >bash_aliases
+
+Edit `bash_aliases', carefully reading through any created
+functions. You will need to change the names of some csh specific
+variables to the bash equivalents. The script converts $cwd to
+$PWD, $term to $TERM, $home to $HOME, $user to $USER, and $prompt
+to $PS1. You may also have to add quotes to avoid unwanted
+expansion.
+
+For example, the csh alias:
+
+ alias cd 'cd \!*; echo $cwd'
+
+is converted to the bash function:
+
+ cd () { command cd "$@"; echo $PWD ; }
+
+The only thing that needs to be done is to quote $PWD:
+
+ cd () { command cd "$@"; echo "$PWD" ; }
+
+Merge the edited file into your ~/.bashrc.
+
+There is an additional, more ambitious, script in
+examples/misc/cshtobash that attempts to convert your entire csh
+environment to its bash equivalent. This script can be run as
+simply `cshtobash' to convert your normal interactive
+environment, or as `cshtobash ~/.login' to convert your login
+environment.
+
+D5) How can I pipe standard output and standard error from one command to
+ another, like csh does with `|&'?
+
+Use
+ command 2>&1 | command2
+
+The key is to remember that piping is performed before redirection, so
+file descriptor 1 points to the pipe when it is duplicated onto file
+descriptor 2.
+
+D6) Now that I've converted from ksh to bash, are there equivalents to
+ ksh features like autoloaded functions and the `whence' command?
+
+There are features in ksh-88 and ksh-93 that do not have direct bash
+equivalents. Most, however, can be emulated with very little trouble.
+
+ksh-88 feature Bash equivalent
+-------------- ---------------
+compiled-in aliases set up aliases in .bashrc; some ksh aliases are
+ bash builtins (hash, history, type)
+coprocesses named pipe pairs (one for read, one for write)
+typeset +f declare -F
+cd, print, whence function substitutes in examples/functions/kshenv
+autoloaded functions examples/functions/autoload is the same as typeset -fu
+read var?prompt read -p prompt var
+
+ksh-93 feature Bash equivalent
+-------------- ---------------
+sleep, getconf Bash has loadable versions in examples/loadables
+${.sh.version} $BASH_VERSION
+print -f printf
+hist alias hist=fc
+$HISTEDIT $FCEDIT
+
+Section E: How can I get bash to do certain things, and why does bash do
+ things the way it does?
+
+E1) Why is the bash builtin `test' slightly different from /bin/test?
+
+The specific example used here is [ ! x -o x ], which is false.
+
+Bash's builtin `test' implements the Posix.2 spec, which can be
+summarized as follows (the wording is due to David Korn):
+
+Here is the set of rules for processing test arguments.
+
+ 0 Args: False
+ 1 Arg: True iff argument is not null.
+ 2 Args: If first arg is !, True iff second argument is null.
+ If first argument is unary, then true if unary test is true
+ Otherwise error.
+ 3 Args: If second argument is a binary operator, do binary test of $1 $3
+ If first argument is !, negate two argument test of $2 $3
+ If first argument is `(' and third argument is `)', do the
+ one-argument test of the second argument.
+ Otherwise error.
+ 4 Args: If first argument is !, negate three argument test of $2 $3 $4.
+ Otherwise unspecified
+ 5 or more Args: unspecified. (Historical shells would use their
+ current algorithm).
+
+The operators -a and -o are considered binary operators for the purpose
+of the 3 Arg case.
+
+As you can see, the test becomes (not (x or x)), which is false.
+
+E2) Why does bash sometimes say `Broken pipe'?
+
+If a sequence of commands appears in a pipeline, and one of the
+reading commands finishes before the writer has finished, the
+writer receives a SIGPIPE signal. Many other shells special-case
+SIGPIPE as an exit status in the pipeline and do not report it.
+For example, in:
+
+ ps -aux | head
+
+`head' can finish before `ps' writes all of its output, and ps
+will try to write on a pipe without a reader. In that case, bash
+will print `Broken pipe' to stderr when ps is killed by a
+SIGPIPE.
+
+As of bash-3.1, bash does not report SIGPIPE errors by default. You
+can build a version of bash that will report such errors.
+
+E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash
+ wrap lines at the wrong column?
+
+Readline, the line editing library that bash uses, does not know
+that the terminal escape sequences do not take up space on the
+screen. The redisplay code assumes, unless told otherwise, that
+each character in the prompt is a `printable' character that
+takes up one character position on the screen.
+
+You can use the bash prompt expansion facility (see the PROMPTING
+section in the manual page) to tell readline that sequences of
+characters in the prompt strings take up no screen space.
+
+Use the \[ escape to begin a sequence of non-printing characters,
+and the \] escape to signal the end of such a sequence.
+
+E4) If I pipe the output of a command into `read variable', why doesn't
+ the output show up in $variable when the read command finishes?
+
+This has to do with the parent-child relationship between Unix
+processes. It affects all commands run in pipelines, not just
+simple calls to `read'. For example, piping a command's output
+into a `while' loop that repeatedly calls `read' will result in
+the same behavior.
+
+Each element of a pipeline, even a builtin or shell function,
+runs in a separate process, a child of the shell running the
+pipeline. A subprocess cannot affect its parent's environment.
+When the `read' command sets the variable to the input, that
+variable is set only in the subshell, not the parent shell. When
+the subshell exits, the value of the variable is lost.
+
+Many pipelines that end with `read variable' can be converted
+into command substitutions, which will capture the output of
+a specified command. The output can then be assigned to a
+variable:
+
+ grep ^gnu /usr/lib/news/active | wc -l | read ngroup
+
+can be converted into
+
+ ngroup=$(grep ^gnu /usr/lib/news/active | wc -l)
+
+This does not, unfortunately, work to split the text among
+multiple variables, as read does when given multiple variable
+arguments. If you need to do this, you can either use the
+command substitution above to read the output into a variable
+and chop up the variable using the bash pattern removal
+expansion operators or use some variant of the following
+approach.
+
+Say /usr/local/bin/ipaddr is the following shell script:
+
+#! /bin/sh
+host `hostname` | awk '/address/ {print $NF}'
+
+Instead of using
+
+ /usr/local/bin/ipaddr | read A B C D
+
+to break the local machine's IP address into separate octets, use
+
+ OIFS="$IFS"
+ IFS=.
+ set -- $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr)
+ IFS="$OIFS"
+ A="$1" B="$2" C="$3" D="$4"
+
+Beware, however, that this will change the shell's positional
+parameters. If you need them, you should save them before doing
+this.
+
+This is the general approach -- in most cases you will not need to
+set $IFS to a different value.
+
+Some other user-supplied alternatives include:
+
+read A B C D << HERE
+ $(IFS=.; echo $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr))
+HERE
+
+and, where process substitution is available,
+
+read A B C D < <(IFS=.; echo $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr))
+
+E5) I have a bunch of shell scripts that use backslash-escaped characters
+ in arguments to `echo'. Bash doesn't interpret these characters. Why
+ not, and how can I make it understand them?
+
+This is the behavior of echo on most Unix System V machines.
+
+The bash builtin `echo' is modeled after the 9th Edition
+Research Unix version of `echo'. It does not interpret
+backslash-escaped characters in its argument strings by default;
+it requires the use of the -e option to enable the
+interpretation. The System V echo provides no way to disable the
+special characters; the bash echo has a -E option to disable
+them.
+
+There is a configuration option that will make bash behave like
+the System V echo and interpret things like `\t' by default. Run
+configure with the --enable-xpg-echo-default option to turn this
+on. Be aware that this will cause some of the tests run when you
+type `make tests' to fail.
+
+There is a shell option, `xpg_echo', settable with `shopt', that will
+change the behavior of echo at runtime. Enabling this option turns
+on expansion of backslash-escape sequences.
+
+E6) Why doesn't a while or for loop get suspended when I type ^Z?
+
+This is a consequence of how job control works on Unix. The only
+thing that can be suspended is the process group. This is a single
+command or pipeline of commands that the shell forks and executes.
+
+When you run a while or for loop, the only thing that the shell forks
+and executes are any commands in the while loop test and commands in
+the loop bodies. These, therefore, are the only things that can be
+suspended when you type ^Z.
+
+If you want to be able to stop the entire loop, you need to put it
+within parentheses, which will force the loop into a subshell that
+may be stopped (and subsequently restarted) as a single unit.
+
+E7) What about empty for loops in Makefiles?
+
+It's fairly common to see constructs like this in automatically-generated
+Makefiles:
+
+SUBDIRS = @SUBDIRS@
+
+ ...
+
+subdirs-clean:
+ for d in ${SUBDIRS}; do \
+ ( cd $$d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean ) \
+ done
+
+When SUBDIRS is empty, this results in a command like this being passed to
+bash:
+
+ for d in ; do
+ ( cd $d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean )
+ done
+
+In versions of bash before bash-2.05a, this was a syntax error. If the
+reserved word `in' was present, a word must follow it before the semicolon
+or newline. The language in the manual page referring to the list of words
+being empty referred to the list after it is expanded. These versions of
+bash required that there be at least one word following the `in' when the
+construct was parsed.
+
+The idiomatic Makefile solution is something like:
+
+SUBDIRS = @SUBDIRS@
+
+subdirs-clean:
+ subdirs=$SUBDIRS ; for d in $$subdirs; do \
+ ( cd $$d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean ) \
+ done
+
+The latest updated POSIX standard has changed this: the word list
+is no longer required. Bash versions 2.05a and later accept the
+new syntax.
+
+E8) Why does the arithmetic evaluation code complain about `08'?
+
+The bash arithmetic evaluation code (used for `let', $(()), (()), and in
+other places), interprets a leading `0' in numeric constants as denoting
+an octal number, and a leading `0x' as denoting hexadecimal. This is
+in accordance with the POSIX.2 spec, section 2.9.2.1, which states that
+arithmetic constants should be handled as signed long integers as defined
+by the ANSI/ISO C standard.
+
+The POSIX.2 interpretation committee has confirmed this:
+
+http://www.pasc.org/interps/unofficial/db/p1003.2/pasc-1003.2-173.html
+
+E9) Why does the pattern matching expression [A-Z]* match files beginning
+ with every letter except `z'?
+
+Bash-2.03, Bash-2.05 and later versions honor the current locale setting
+when processing ranges within pattern matching bracket expressions ([A-Z]).
+This is what POSIX.2 and SUSv3/XPG6 specify.
+
+The behavior of the matcher in bash-2.05 and later versions depends on the
+current LC_COLLATE setting. Setting this variable to `C' or `POSIX' will
+result in the traditional behavior ([A-Z] matches all uppercase ASCII
+characters). Many other locales, including the en_US locale (the default
+on many US versions of Linux) collate the upper and lower case letters like
+this:
+
+ AaBb...Zz
+
+which means that [A-Z] matches every letter except `z'. Others collate like
+
+ aAbBcC...zZ
+
+which means that [A-Z] matches every letter except `a'.
+
+The portable way to specify upper case letters is [:upper:] instead of
+A-Z; lower case may be specified as [:lower:] instead of a-z.
+
+Look at the manual pages for setlocale(3), strcoll(3), and, if it is
+present, locale(1). If you have locale(1), you can use it to find
+your current locale information even if you do not have any of the
+LC_ variables set.
+
+My advice is to put
+
+ export LC_COLLATE=C
+
+into /etc/profile and inspect any shell scripts run from cron for
+constructs like [A-Z]. This will prevent things like
+
+ rm [A-Z]*
+
+from removing every file in the current directory except those beginning
+with `z' and still allow individual users to change the collation order.
+Users may put the above command into their own profiles as well, of course.
+
+E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'?
+
+POSIX.2, in its description of `cd', says that *three* or more leading
+slashes may be replaced with a single slash when canonicalizing the
+current working directory.
+
+This is, I presume, for historical compatibility. Certain versions of
+Unix, and early network file systems, used paths of the form
+//hostname/path to access `path' on server `hostname'.
+
+E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash
+ notice the change?
+
+This is another issue that deals with job control.
+
+The kernel maintains a notion of a current terminal process group. Members
+of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the
+current terminal process group ID) receive terminal-generated signals like
+SIGWINCH. (For more details, see the JOB CONTROL section of the bash
+man page.)
+
+If a terminal is resized, the kernel sends SIGWINCH to each member of
+the terminal's current process group (the `foreground' process group).
+
+When bash is running with job control enabled, each pipeline (which may be
+a single command) is run in its own process group, different from bash's
+process group. This foreground process group receives the SIGWINCH; bash
+does not. Bash has no way of knowing that the terminal has been resized.
+
+There is a `checkwinsize' option, settable with the `shopt' builtin, that
+will cause bash to check the window size and adjust its idea of the
+terminal's dimensions each time a process stops or exits and returns control
+of the terminal to bash. Enable it with `shopt -s checkwinsize'.
+
+E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect?
+
+When substring expansion of the form ${param:offset[:length} is used,
+an `offset' that evaluates to a number less than zero counts back from
+the end of the expanded value of $param.
+
+When a negative `offset' begins with a minus sign, however, unexpected things
+can happen. Consider
+
+ a=12345678
+ echo ${a:-4}
+
+intending to print the last four characters of $a. The problem is that
+${param:-word} already has a well-defined meaning: expand to word if the
+expanded value of param is unset or null, and $param otherwise.
+
+To use negative offsets that begin with a minus sign, separate the
+minus sign and the colon with a space.
+
+E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename?
+
+Filename completion (and word completion in general) may appear to behave
+improperly if there is a colon in the word to be completed.
+
+The colon is special to readline's word completion code: it is one of the
+characters that breaks words for the completer. Readline uses these characters
+in sort of the same way that bash uses $IFS: they break or separate the words
+the completion code hands to the application-specific or default word
+completion functions. The original intent was to make it easy to edit
+colon-separated lists (such as $PATH in bash) in various applications using
+readline for input.
+
+This is complicated by the fact that some versions of the popular
+`bash-completion' programmable completion package have problems with the
+default completion behavior in the presence of colons.
+
+The current set of completion word break characters is available in bash as
+the value of the COMP_WORDBREAKS variable. Removing `:' from that value is
+enough to make the colon not special to completion:
+
+COMP_WORDBREAKS=${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:}
+
+You can also quote the colon with a backslash to achieve the same result
+temporarily.
+
+E14) Why does quoting the pattern argument to the regular expression matching
+ conditional operator (=~) cause regexp matching to stop working?
+
+In versions of bash prior to bash-3.2, the effect of quoting the regular
+expression argument to the [[ command's =~ operator was not specified.
+The practical effect was that double-quoting the pattern argument required
+backslashes to quote special pattern characters, which interfered with the
+backslash processing performed by double-quoted word expansion and was
+inconsistent with how the == shell pattern matching operator treated
+quoted characters.
+
+In bash-3.2, the shell was changed to internally quote characters in single-
+and double-quoted string arguments to the =~ operator, which suppresses the
+special meaning of the characters special to regular expression processing
+(`.', `[', `\', `(', `), `*', `+', `?', `{', `|', `^', and `$') and forces
+them to be matched literally. This is consistent with how the `==' pattern
+matching operator treats quoted portions of its pattern argument.
+
+Since the treatment of quoted string arguments was changed, several issues
+have arisen, chief among them the problem of white space in pattern arguments
+and the differing treatment of quoted strings between bash-3.1 and bash-3.2.
+Both problems may be solved by using a shell variable to hold the pattern.
+Since word splitting is not performed when expanding shell variables in all
+operands of the [[ command, this allows users to quote patterns as they wish
+when assigning the variable, then expand the values to a single string that
+may contain whitespace. The first problem may be solved by using backslashes
+or any other quoting mechanism to escape the white space in the patterns.
+
+Bash-4.0 introduces the concept of a `compatibility level', controlled by
+several options to the `shopt' builtin. If the `compat31' option is enabled,
+bash reverts to the bash-3.1 behavior with respect to quoting the rhs of
+the =~ operator.
+
+E15) Tell me more about the shell compatibility level.
+
+Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified
+as a set of options to the shopt builtin (compat31, compat32, compat40 at
+this writing). There is only one current compatibility level -- each
+option is mutually exclusive. This list does not mention behavior that is
+standard for a particular version (e.g., setting compat32 means that quoting
+the rhs of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in
+the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and above).
+
+compat31 set
+ - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current
+ locale when comparing strings
+ - quoting the rhs of the regexp matching operator (=~) has no
+ special effect
+
+compat32 set
+ - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current
+ locale when comparing strings
+
+compat40 set
+ - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current
+ locale when comparing strings
+ - interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the execution
+ of the entire list to be aborted
+
+Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions
+
+F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'?
+
+The problem is `cmdtool' and bash fighting over the input. When
+scrolling is enabled in a cmdtool window, cmdtool puts the tty in
+`raw mode' to permit command-line editing using the mouse for
+applications that cannot do it themselves. As a result, bash and
+cmdtool each try to read keyboard input immediately, with neither
+getting enough of it to be useful.
+
+This mode also causes cmdtool to not implement many of the
+terminal functions and control sequences appearing in the
+`sun-cmd' termcap entry. For a more complete explanation, see
+that file examples/suncmd.termcap in the bash distribution.
+
+`xterm' is a better choice, and gets along with bash much more
+smoothly.
+
+If you must use cmdtool, you can use the termcap description in
+examples/suncmd.termcap. Set the TERMCAP variable to the terminal
+description contained in that file, i.e.
+
+TERMCAP='Mu|sun-cmd:am:bs:km:pt:li#34:co#80:cl=^L:ce=\E[K:cd=\E[J:rs=\E[s:'
+
+Then export TERMCAP and start a new cmdtool window from that shell.
+The bash command-line editing should behave better in the new
+cmdtool. If this works, you can put the assignment to TERMCAP
+in your bashrc file.
+
+F2) I built bash on Solaris 2. Why do globbing expansions and filename
+ completion chop off the first few characters of each filename?
+
+This is the consequence of building bash on SunOS 5 and linking
+with the libraries in /usr/ucblib, but using the definitions
+and structures from files in /usr/include.
+
+The actual conflict is between the dirent structure in
+/usr/include/dirent.h and the struct returned by the version of
+`readdir' in libucb.a (a 4.3-BSD style `struct direct').
+
+Make sure you've got /usr/ccs/bin ahead of /usr/ucb in your $PATH
+when configuring and building bash. This will ensure that you
+use /usr/ccs/bin/cc or acc instead of /usr/ucb/cc and that you
+link with libc before libucb.
+
+If you have installed the Sun C compiler, you may also need to
+put /usr/ccs/bin and /opt/SUNWspro/bin into your $PATH before
+/usr/ucb.
+
+F3) Why does bash dump core after I interrupt username completion or
+ `~user' tilde expansion on a machine running NIS?
+
+This is a famous and long-standing bug in the SunOS YP (sorry, NIS)
+client library, which is part of libc.
+
+The YP library code keeps static state -- a pointer into the data
+returned from the server. When YP initializes itself (setpwent),
+it looks at this pointer and calls free on it if it's non-null.
+So far, so good.
+
+If one of the YP functions is interrupted during getpwent (the
+exact function is interpretwithsave()), and returns NULL, the
+pointer is freed without being reset to NULL, and the function
+returns. The next time getpwent is called, it sees that this
+pointer is non-null, calls free, and the bash free() blows up
+because it's being asked to free freed memory.
+
+The traditional Unix mallocs allow memory to be freed multiple
+times; that's probably why this has never been fixed. You can
+run configure with the `--without-gnu-malloc' option to use
+the C library malloc and avoid the problem.
+
+F4) I'm running SVR4.2. Why is the line erased every time I type `@'?
+
+The `@' character is the default `line kill' character in most
+versions of System V, including SVR4.2. You can change this
+character to whatever you want using `stty'. For example, to
+change the line kill character to control-u, type
+
+ stty kill ^U
+
+where the `^' and `U' can be two separate characters.
+
+F5) Why does bash report syntax errors when my C News scripts use a
+ redirection before a subshell command?
+
+The actual command in question is something like
+
+ < file ( command )
+
+According to the grammar given in the POSIX.2 standard, this construct
+is, in fact, a syntax error. Redirections may only precede `simple
+commands'. A subshell construct such as the above is one of the shell's
+`compound commands'. A redirection may only follow a compound command.
+
+This affects the mechanical transformation of commands that use `cat'
+to pipe a file into a command (a favorite Useless-Use-Of-Cat topic on
+comp.unix.shell). While most commands of the form
+
+ cat file | command
+
+can be converted to `< file command', shell control structures such as
+loops and subshells require `command < file'.
+
+The file CWRU/sh-redir-hack in the bash distribution is an
+(unofficial) patch to parse.y that will modify the grammar to
+support this construct. It will not apply with `patch'; you must
+modify parse.y by hand. Note that if you apply this, you must
+recompile with -DREDIRECTION_HACK. This introduces a large
+number of reduce/reduce conflicts into the shell grammar.
+
+F6) Why can't I use vi-mode editing on Red Hat Linux 6.1?
+
+The short answer is that Red Hat screwed up.
+
+The long answer is that they shipped an /etc/inputrc that only works
+for emacs mode editing, and then screwed all the vi users by setting
+INPUTRC to /etc/inputrc in /etc/profile.
+
+The short fix is to do one of the following: remove or rename
+/etc/inputrc, set INPUTRC=~/.inputrc in ~/.bashrc (or .bash_profile,
+but make sure you export it if you do), remove the assignment to
+INPUTRC from /etc/profile, add
+
+ set keymap emacs
+
+to the beginning of /etc/inputrc, or bracket the key bindings in
+/etc/inputrc with these lines
+
+ $if mode=emacs
+ [...]
+ $endif
+
+F7) Why do bash-2.05a and bash-2.05b fail to compile `printf.def' on
+ HP/UX 11.x?
+
+HP/UX's support for long double is imperfect at best.
+
+GCC will support it without problems, but the HP C library functions
+like strtold(3) and printf(3) don't actually work with long doubles.
+HP implemented a `long_double' type as a 4-element array of 32-bit
+ints, and that is what the library functions use. The ANSI C
+`long double' type is a 128-bit floating point scalar.
+
+The easiest fix, until HP fixes things up, is to edit the generated
+config.h and #undef the HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE line. After doing that,
+the compilation should complete successfully.
+
+Section G: How can I get bash to do certain common things?
+
+G1) How can I get bash to read and display eight-bit characters?
+
+This is a process requiring several steps.
+
+First, you must ensure that the `physical' data path is a full eight
+bits. For xterms, for example, the `vt100' resources `eightBitInput'
+and `eightBitOutput' should be set to `true'.
+
+Once you have set up an eight-bit path, you must tell the kernel and
+tty driver to leave the eighth bit of characters alone when processing
+keyboard input. Use `stty' to do this:
+
+ stty cs8 -istrip -parenb
+
+For old BSD-style systems, you can use
+
+ stty pass8
+
+You may also need
+
+ stty even odd
+
+Finally, you need to tell readline that you will be inputting and
+displaying eight-bit characters. You use readline variables to do
+this. These variables can be set in your .inputrc or using the bash
+`bind' builtin. Here's an example using `bind':
+
+ bash$ bind 'set convert-meta off'
+ bash$ bind 'set meta-flag on'
+ bash$ bind 'set output-meta on'
+
+The `set' commands between the single quotes may also be placed
+in ~/.inputrc.
+
+The script examples/scripts.noah/meta.bash encapsulates the bind
+commands in a shell function.
+
+G2) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but
+ still invoke the command from within the function?
+
+This is why the `command' and `builtin' builtins exist. The
+`command' builtin executes the command supplied as its first
+argument, skipping over any function defined with that name. The
+`builtin' builtin executes the builtin command given as its first
+argument directly.
+
+For example, to write a function to replace `cd' that writes the
+hostname and current directory to an xterm title bar, use
+something like the following:
+
+ cd()
+ {
+ builtin cd "$@" && xtitle "$HOST: $PWD"
+ }
+
+This could also be written using `command' instead of `builtin';
+the version above is marginally more efficient.
+
+G3) How can I find the value of a shell variable whose name is the value
+ of another shell variable?
+
+Versions of Bash newer than Bash-2.0 support this directly. You can use
+
+ ${!var}
+
+For example, the following sequence of commands will echo `z':
+
+ var1=var2
+ var2=z
+ echo ${!var1}
+
+For sh compatibility, use the `eval' builtin. The important
+thing to remember is that `eval' expands the arguments you give
+it again, so you need to quote the parts of the arguments that
+you want `eval' to act on.
+
+For example, this expression prints the value of the last positional
+parameter:
+
+ eval echo \"\$\{$#\}\"
+
+The expansion of the quoted portions of this expression will be
+deferred until `eval' runs, while the `$#' will be expanded
+before `eval' is executed. In versions of bash later than bash-2.0,
+
+ echo ${!#}
+
+does the same thing.
+
+This is not the same thing as ksh93 `nameref' variables, though the syntax
+is similar. I may add namerefs in a future bash version.
+
+G4) How can I make the bash `time' reserved word print timing output that
+ looks like the output from my system's /usr/bin/time?
+
+The bash command timing code looks for a variable `TIMEFORMAT' and
+uses its value as a format string to decide how to display the
+timing statistics.
+
+The value of TIMEFORMAT is a string with `%' escapes expanded in a
+fashion similar in spirit to printf(3). The manual page explains
+the meanings of the escape sequences in the format string.
+
+If TIMEFORMAT is not set, bash acts as if the following assignment had
+been performed:
+
+ TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS'
+
+The POSIX.2 default time format (used by `time -p command') is
+
+ TIMEFORMAT=$'real %2R\nuser %2U\nsys %2S'
+
+The BSD /usr/bin/time format can be emulated with:
+
+ TIMEFORMAT=$'\t%1R real\t%1U user\t%1S sys'
+
+The System V /usr/bin/time format can be emulated with:
+
+ TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%1R\nuser\t%1U\nsys\t%1S'
+
+The ksh format can be emulated with:
+
+ TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%2lR\nuser\t%2lU\nsys\t%2lS'
+
+G5) How do I get the current directory into my prompt?
+
+Bash provides a number of backslash-escape sequences which are expanded
+when the prompt string (PS1 or PS2) is displayed. The full list is in
+the manual page.
+
+The \w expansion gives the full pathname of the current directory, with
+a tilde (`~') substituted for the current value of $HOME. The \W
+expansion gives the basename of the current directory. To put the full
+pathname of the current directory into the path without any tilde
+subsitution, use $PWD. Here are some examples:
+
+ PS1='\w$ ' # current directory with tilde
+ PS1='\W$ ' # basename of current directory
+ PS1='$PWD$ ' # full pathname of current directory
+
+The single quotes are important in the final example to prevent $PWD from
+being expanded when the assignment to PS1 is performed.
+
+G6) How can I rename "*.foo" to "*.bar"?
+
+Use the pattern removal functionality described in D3. The following `for'
+loop will do the trick:
+
+ for f in *.foo; do
+ mv $f ${f%foo}bar
+ done
+
+G7) How can I translate a filename from uppercase to lowercase?
+
+The script examples/functions/lowercase, originally written by John DuBois,
+will do the trick. The converse is left as an exercise.
+
+G8) How can I write a filename expansion (globbing) pattern that will match
+ all files in the current directory except "." and ".."?
+
+You must have set the `extglob' shell option using `shopt -s extglob' to use
+this:
+
+ echo .!(.|) *
+
+A solution that works without extended globbing is given in the Unix Shell
+FAQ, posted periodically to comp.unix.shell. It's a variant of
+
+ echo .[!.]* ..?* *
+
+(The ..?* catches files with names of three or more characters beginning
+with `..')
+
+Section H: Where do I go from here?
+
+H1) How do I report bugs in bash, and where should I look for fixes and
+ advice?
+
+Use the `bashbug' script to report bugs. It is built and
+installed at the same time as bash. It provides a standard
+template for reporting a problem and automatically includes
+information about your configuration and build environment.
+
+`bashbug' sends its reports to bug-bash@gnu.org, which
+is a large mailing list gatewayed to the usenet newsgroup gnu.bash.bug.
+
+Bug fixes, answers to questions, and announcements of new releases
+are all posted to gnu.bash.bug. Discussions concerning bash features
+and problems also take place there.
+
+To reach the bash maintainers directly, send mail to
+bash-maintainers@gnu.org.
+
+H2) What kind of bash documentation is there?
+
+First, look in the doc directory in the bash distribution. It should
+contain at least the following files:
+
+bash.1 an extensive, thorough Unix-style manual page
+builtins.1 a manual page covering just bash builtin commands
+bashref.texi a reference manual in GNU tex`info format
+bashref.info an info version of the reference manual
+FAQ this file
+article.ms text of an article written for The Linux Journal
+readline.3 a man page describing readline
+
+Postscript, HTML, and ASCII files created from the above source are
+available in the documentation distribution.
+
+There is additional documentation available for anonymous FTP from host
+ftp.cwru.edu in the `pub/bash' directory.
+
+Cameron Newham and Bill Rosenblatt have written a book on bash, published
+by O'Reilly and Associates. The book is based on Bill Rosenblatt's Korn
+Shell book. The title is ``Learning the Bash Shell'', and the ISBN number
+of the third edition, published in March, 2005, is 0-596-00965-8. Look for
+it in fine bookstores near you. This edition of the book has been updated
+to cover bash-3.0.
+
+The GNU Bash Reference Manual has been published as a printed book by
+Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Nov. 2006). It covers
+bash-3.2 and is available from most online bookstores (see
+http://www.network-theory.co.uk/bash/manual/ for details). The publisher
+will donate $1 to the Free Software Foundation for each copy sold.
+
+Arnold Robbins and Nelson Beebe have written ``Classic Shell Scripting'',
+published by O'Reilly. The first edition, with ISBN number 0-596-00595-4,
+was published in May, 2005.
+
+Chris F. A. Johnson, a frequent contributor to comp.unix.shell and
+gnu.bash.bug, has written ``Shell Scripting Recipes: A Problem-Solution
+Approach,'' a new book on shell scripting, concentrating on features of
+the POSIX standard helpful to shell script writers. The first edition from
+Apress, with ISBN number 1-59059-471-1, was published in May, 2005.
+
+H3) What's coming in future versions?
+
+These are features I hope to include in a future version of bash.
+
+Rocky Bernstein's bash debugger (support is included with bash-4.0)
+
+H4) What's on the bash `wish list' for future versions?
+
+These are features that may or may not appear in a future version of bash.
+
+breaking some of the shell functionality into embeddable libraries
+a module system like zsh's, using dynamic loading like builtins
+a bash programmer's guide with a chapter on creating loadable builtins
+a better loadable interface to perl with access to the shell builtins and
+ variables (contributions gratefully accepted)
+ksh93-like `nameref' variables
+ksh93-like `xx.yy' variables (including some of the .sh.* variables) and
+ associated disipline functions
+Some of the new ksh93 pattern matching operators, like backreferencing
+
+H5) When will the next release appear?
+
+The next version will appear sometime in 2009. Never make predictions.
+
+This document is Copyright 1995-2009 by Chester Ramey.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and
+without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute
+this document for any purpose, provided that the above copyright
+notice appears in all copies of this document and that the
+contents of this document remain unaltered.
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-(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 246 R F3 .146
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
-F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0
-.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 258 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7
-(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG)
--.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3
-(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 270 Q F2(ar)3.474
-E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643
+(signal. The)144 237.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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+(bers. Each)144 249.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811
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+(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 E 1.649(If a)144 279.6 R F2
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+(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
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(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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--.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 282 Q -.15(xe)-.15
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-(ERR)3.429 E F4(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F2(ar)3.759 E(g)-.37 E
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-G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero)-3.429 F -.15(ex)
-144 312 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F 1.009
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-(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008
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+(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.009(cuted if the f).15 F 1.009
(ailed com-)-.1 F .324
-(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 324 R .324
+(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 393.6 R .324
(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1
-(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F 1.129(in an)144
-336 R F2(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.129(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.629 E F0(or)3.629 E/F5 10
-/Symbol SF<efef>3.629 E F0 1.129(list, or if the command')3.629 F 3.628
-(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 348 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15
+(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F 1.128(in an)144
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+/Symbol SF<efef>3.629 E F0 1.129(list, or if the command')3.629 F 3.629
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(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C
(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E
(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095
(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
-366 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
-(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 378 R .662
-(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is)
--.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 390 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1
-E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G
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-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)
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-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
-F1<ad74>144 430.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0
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+(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)
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-(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2
-(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 454.8 R .118
-(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
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-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 466.8 R .855
+(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2
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+(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
+(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2
+(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 524.4 R .118
+(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
+F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 536.4 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
-.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if)
-144 478.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
-G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E
-F1<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189
-E F0 .112(search for each)144 490.8 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
-(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0
--.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
-.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F1<ad70>2.613 E
-F0(and)144 502.8 Q F1<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
-.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F3
--.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F1<ad61>2.944
-E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 514.8 R F1(type)2.765 E F0 .265
-(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265
-(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
-(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the)
-144 5
26.8 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
-.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548
-(consulted when using)144 538.8 R F1<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
--5.548 E F1<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549
-(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1
-(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 550.8 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0
+.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144
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+(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1
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+(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70>
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+-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .445(If the)4.945 F F1
+<ad61>2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 584.4 R F1(type)2.765
+E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
+(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426(and functions, if and only if the)
+144 5
96.4 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
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+(consulted when using)144 608.4 R F1<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he)
+-5.549 E F1<ad66>3.049 E F0 .548
+(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F1
+(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 620.4 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0
(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E
-(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 567.6
+(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 637.2
Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2
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--.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 649.2 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
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(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.943(that allo)144 591.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
-(The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
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-144 603.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
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(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
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-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E
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-(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E
-(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 96 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 108 Q F0
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+Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 120 Q F0
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(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97
-E F1<ad69>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1
-<ad6c>144 132 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 144 Q F0
+E F1<ad69>144 180 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1
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+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 204 Q F0
(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F0 .791(The \
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 216 Q F0 .791(The \
maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
-168 Q F1<ad70>144 180 Q F0
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+(be set\))180 228 Q F1<ad70>144 240 Q F0
(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
-<ad71>144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
-24.74 E F1<ad72>144 204 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
-25.86 E F1<ad73>144 2
16 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
-2
28 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
-240 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 252 Q F0
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76 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
+2
88 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
+300 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 312 Q F0
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 264 Q F0
-(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 276 Q F0
-(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 292.8 Q/F2 10
+(ilable to the shell).25 E F1<ad78>144 324 Q F0
+(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1<ad54>144 336 Q F0
+(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 352.8 Q/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
-(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .176(option is gi)
-144 304.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.676 E F0 .175
-(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 316.8
-Q F1<ad70>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.51
5 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
-A F1<ad62>2.516 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F1
-<ad75>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E
-3.788(ues. The)144 328.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
+(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi)
+144 364.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175
+(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1
+<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 376.8
+Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.51
6 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
+A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1
+<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E
+3.787(ues. The)144 388.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-340.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 357.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+400.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 369.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 429.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 381.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-393.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+pted by)144 441.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+453.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 405.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 465.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 417.6 Q F0 .551
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 429.6 Q
+(mode)144.38 477.6 Q F0 .552
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 489.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 446.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 458.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 506.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 518.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 470.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+F(remo)144 530.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 487.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 499.2 S 3.106
-(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F2(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E
-.906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607
-(ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the)
-5.607 F F1<ad76>144 511.2 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.305(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
-2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304
-(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1<ad66>144 523.2 Q F0 .459
-(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F2(name)3.319 E F0 .459
-(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 535.2 R .903
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 547.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 559.2 S 3.107
+(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E
+.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607
+(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the)
+5.607 F F1<ad76>144 571.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
+2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305
+(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 583.2 Q F0 .46
+(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459
+(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14
+F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 595.2 R .902
(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902
-(rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F
-(If)5.902 E(an)144 547.2 Q 4.284(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.284 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(RANDOM)4.284 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3
+(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F
+(If)5.903 E(an)144 607.2 Q 4.285(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.285 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF(RANDOM)4.285 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3
(LINENO)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)4.035 E(AME)
-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.035 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.035 E F3(DIRST)
-4.285 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.035 E .329(unset, the)144
-559.2 R 2.829(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.829 F
+4.284 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.034 E .328(unset, the)144
+619.2 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.828 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)-2.828 G(he)-2.828 E 2.828(ya)
--.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .328
-(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 571.2 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C
-(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 600 S .288
+-.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .329
+(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 631.2 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0
+(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 648 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C
+(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 660 S .288
(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
-(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
-(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 612 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
+(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
+(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w)
--3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.582 E F0
-(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265
-(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
-(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266
-(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F2(n)4.126 E F0 .457
-(speci\214es a non-e)144 636 R .457
+-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.583 E F0
+(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 684 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
+(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
+(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265
+(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456
+(speci\214es a non-e)144 696 R .457
(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457
-(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 648 S
+(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 708 S
(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
-/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 664.8 Q F0(If)108 676.8 Q
-F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F1(rbash)4.397
-E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.897
-(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897
-(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 688.8 R .945
-(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945
-(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E
-(beha)108 700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1
-(bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E
-(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108
-717.6 S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(GNU Bash-4.1)72
-768 Q(2009 October 16)140.405 E(68)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 October 16)140.405 E(68)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 69 69
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E 32.5<8373>108 84 S(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of)
--.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 -.74(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.21
-E F0(,)A F1(ENV)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).3 E
-F0 32.5<8373>108 100.8 S(pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F1
-(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 117.6 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)
--32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0
--.2(bu)5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8353>108 134.4 S .351
+-.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 84 Q F0(If)108 96 Q
+/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)
+4.397 F F2(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F2
+<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.896(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
+1.896(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 108 R .945
+(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946
+(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E
+(beha)108 120 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F2(bash)
+2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E
+(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108
+136.8 S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108
+153.6 S(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(SHELL)2.5 E
+F0(,)A F2 -.74(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.21 E F0(,)A F2(ENV)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5
+E F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).3 E F0 32.5<8373>108 170.4 S
+(pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108
+187.2 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0
+(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F2(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G
+(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8353>108 204 S .351
(pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .351
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1<ad70>2.851 E F0 .351(option to the)2.851 F F1
-(hash)2.852 E F0 -.2(bu)2.852 G .352(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 146.4 Q
-32.5<8369>108 163.2 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en)
--32.5 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 180 S(arsing the v)
--32.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.5 E
-(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8372>108 196.8 S(edirecting output usi\
+(gument to the)-.18 F F2<ad70>2.851 E F0 .351(option to the)2.851 F F2
+(hash)2.851 E F0 -.2(bu)2.851 G .351(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 216 Q 32.5
+<8369>108 232.8 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en)
+-32.5 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 249.6 S(arsing the v)
+-32.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.5 E
+(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8372>108 266.4 S(edirecting output usi\
ng the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)-32.5 E 32.5
-<8375>108 213.6 S(sing the)-32.5 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+<8375>108 283.2 S(sing the)-32.5 E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
(iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E 32.5<8361>
-108 230.4 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E
-F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
-(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8355>108 247.2 S
-(sing the)-32.5 E F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+108 300 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E F2
+<ad66>2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2<ad64>2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2
+(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8355>108 316.8 S
+(sing the)-32.5 E F2(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
(iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E 32.5<8373>
-108 264 S(pecifying the)-32.5 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
-(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8374>108 280.8 S
-(urning of)-32.5 E 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F1(set +r)
-2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(set +o r)2.5 E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A
-(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 297.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+108 333.6 S(pecifying the)-32.5 E F2<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E
+F2(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8374>108 350.4
+S(urning of)-32.5 E 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F2(set +r)
+2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(set +o r)2.5 E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A
+(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 367.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E 1.566
-(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 314.4 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.566(cuted \(see).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.566
-(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.066 F F0(abo)3.816 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1
-(rbash)108 326.4 Q F0(turns of)2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H
+(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 384 R -.15
+(xe)-.15 G 1.567(cuted \(see).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.567
+(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.067 F F0(abo)3.817 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F2
+(rbash)108 396 Q F0(turns of)2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H
(estrictions in the shell spa).15 E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cute the script.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 343.2 Q/F4
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Bash Refer)108 355.2 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5
-(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4
-(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 367.2 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E
-(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4(The Gnu History Libr)108 379.2 Q
+(cute the script.).15 E F1(SEE ALSO)72 412.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+(Bash Refer)108 424.8 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E
+(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 436.8 Q
(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E
-F4 -.8(Po)108 391.2 S(rtable Oper).8 E
+F4(The Gnu History Libr)108 448.8 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E
+(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4 -.8(Po)108 460.8 S(rtable Oper).8 E
(ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E(art 2: Shell and Utilities)
--.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE)-2.5 E F4(sh)108 403.2 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(ksh)2.5 E
-F0(\(1\),)A F4(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F4(emacs)108 415.2 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4
-(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F4 -.37(re)108 427.2 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F3
-(FILES)72 444 Q F4(/bin/bash)109.666 456 Q F0(The)144 468 Q F1(bash)2.5
-E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E F4(/etc/pr)109.666 480 Q(o\214le)-.45
-E F0(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 492 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
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%%Trailer
+++ /dev/null
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--- /dev/null
+../../COPYING
\ No newline at end of file
+++ /dev/null
-/* ansi_stdlib.h -- An ANSI Standard stdlib.h. */
-/* A minimal stdlib.h containing extern declarations for those functions
- that bash uses. */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
- Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-#if !defined (_STDLIB_H_)
-#define _STDLIB_H_ 1
-
-/* String conversion functions. */
-extern int atoi ();
-
-extern double atof ();
-extern double strtod ();
-
-/* Memory allocation functions. */
-/* Generic pointer type. */
-#ifndef PTR_T
-
-#if defined (__STDC__)
-# define PTR_T void *
-#else
-# define PTR_T char *
-#endif
-
-#endif /* PTR_T */
-
-extern PTR_T malloc ();
-extern PTR_T realloc ();
-extern void free ();
-
-/* Other miscellaneous functions. */
-extern void abort ();
-extern void exit ();
-extern char *getenv ();
-extern void qsort ();
-
-#endif /* _STDLIB_H */
--- /dev/null
+../../include/ansi_stdlib.h
\ No newline at end of file
+++ /dev/null
-@c The GNU Free Documentation License.
-@center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
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-APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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-VERBATIM COPYING
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-COPYING IN QUANTITY
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-MODIFICATIONS
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-
-@item
-State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
-Modified Version, as the publisher.
-
-@item
-Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
-
-@item
-Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
-adjacent to the other copyright notices.
-
-@item
-Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
-giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
-terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
-
-@item
-Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
-and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
-
-@item
-Include an unaltered copy of this License.
-
-@item
-Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
-to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
-publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
-there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
-stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
-given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
-Version as stated in the previous sentence.
-
-@item
-Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
-public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
-the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
-it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
-You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
-least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
-publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
-
-@item
-For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
-the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
-substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
-dedications given therein.
-
-@item
-Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
-unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
-or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
-
-@item
-Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
-may not be included in the Modified Version.
-
-@item
-Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
-to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
-
-@item
-Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
-@end enumerate
-
-If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
-appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
-copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
-of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
-list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
-These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
-
-You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
-nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
-parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
-been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
-standard.
-
-You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
-passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
-of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
-Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
-through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
-includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
-by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
-you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
-permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
-
-The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
-give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
-imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
-
-@item
-COMBINING DOCUMENTS
-
-You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
-License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
-versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
-Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
-list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
-license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
-
-The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
-multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
-copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
-different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
-adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
-author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
-Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
-Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
-
-In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
-in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
-``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
-and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all
-sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
-
-@item
-COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
-
-You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
-released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
-License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
-the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
-verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
-
-You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
-it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
-License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
-other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
-
-@item
-AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
-
-A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
-and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
-distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
-resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
-of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
-When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
-apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
-derivative works of the Document.
-
-If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
-copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
-the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
-covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
-electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
-Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
-aggregate.
-
-@item
-TRANSLATION
-
-Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
-distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
-Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
-permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
-translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
-original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
-translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
-Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
-the original English version of this License and the original versions
-of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
-the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
-or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
-
-If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
-``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
-its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
-title.
-
-@item
-TERMINATION
-
-You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
-except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
-otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
-will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
-
-However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
-from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
-unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
-terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
-fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
-60 days after the cessation.
-
-Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
-reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
-violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
-received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
-copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
-your receipt of the notice.
-
-Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
-licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
-this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
-reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
-not give you any rights to use it.
-
-@item
-FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
-
-The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
-of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
-versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
-differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
-@uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
-
-Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
-If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
-License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
-following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
-of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
-Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
-number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
-as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
-specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
-License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
-version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
-Document.
-
-@item
-RELICENSING
-
-``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site'' (or ``MMC Site'') means any
-World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
-provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
-public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
-``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration'' (or ``MMC'') contained in the
-site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
-site.
-
-``CC-BY-SA'' means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
-license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
-corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
-California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
-published by that same organization.
-
-``Incorporate'' means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
-in part, as part of another Document.
-
-An MMC is ``eligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this
-License, and if all works that were first published under this License
-somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
-or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
-and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
-
-The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
-under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
-provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
-
-@end enumerate
-
-@page
-@heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
-
-To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
-the License in the document and put the following copyright and
-license notices just after the title page:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
- Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}.
- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
- under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
- or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
- with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
- Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
- Free Documentation License''.
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
-replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
- with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
- the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
- being @var{list}.
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
-combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
-situation.
-
-If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
-recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
-free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
-to permit their use in free software.
-
-@c Local Variables:
-@c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
-@c End:
-
--- /dev/null
+../../../doc/fdl.texi
\ No newline at end of file
+++ /dev/null
-/* posixdir.h -- Posix directory reading includes and defines. */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
- Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-/* This file should be included instead of <dirent.h> or <sys/dir.h>. */
-
-#if !defined (_POSIXDIR_H_)
-#define _POSIXDIR_H_
-
-#if defined (HAVE_DIRENT_H)
-# include <dirent.h>
-# if defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN)
-# define D_NAMLEN(d) ((d)->d_namlen)
-# else
-# define D_NAMLEN(d) (strlen ((d)->d_name))
-# endif /* !HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN */
-#else
-# if defined (HAVE_SYS_NDIR_H)
-# include <sys/ndir.h>
-# endif
-# if defined (HAVE_SYS_DIR_H)
-# include <sys/dir.h>
-# endif
-# if defined (HAVE_NDIR_H)
-# include <ndir.h>
-# endif
-# if !defined (dirent)
-# define dirent direct
-# endif /* !dirent */
-# define D_NAMLEN(d) ((d)->d_namlen)
-#endif /* !HAVE_DIRENT_H */
-
-#if defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO) && !defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO)
-# define d_fileno d_ino
-#endif
-
-#if defined (_POSIX_SOURCE) && (!defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO) || defined (BROKEN_DIRENT_D_INO))
-/* Posix does not require that the d_ino field be present, and some
- systems do not provide it. */
-# define REAL_DIR_ENTRY(dp) 1
-#else
-# define REAL_DIR_ENTRY(dp) (dp->d_ino != 0)
-#endif /* _POSIX_SOURCE */
-
-#endif /* !_POSIXDIR_H_ */
--- /dev/null
+../../include/posixdir.h
\ No newline at end of file
+++ /dev/null
-/* posixjmp.h -- wrapper for setjmp.h with changes for POSIX systems. */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
- Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-#ifndef _POSIXJMP_H_
-#define _POSIXJMP_H_
-
-#include <setjmp.h>
-
-/* This *must* be included *after* config.h */
-
-#if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGSETJMP)
-# define procenv_t sigjmp_buf
-# if !defined (__OPENNT)
-# undef setjmp
-# define setjmp(x) sigsetjmp((x), 1)
-# undef longjmp
-# define longjmp(x, n) siglongjmp((x), (n))
-# endif /* !__OPENNT */
-#else
-# define procenv_t jmp_buf
-#endif
-
-#endif /* _POSIXJMP_H_ */
--- /dev/null
+../../include/posixjmp.h
\ No newline at end of file
+++ /dev/null
-/* posixselect.h -- wrapper for select(2) includes and definitions */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
- Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-#ifndef _POSIXSELECT_H_
-#define _POSIXSELECT_H_
-
-#if defined (FD_SET) && !defined (HAVE_SELECT)
-# define HAVE_SELECT 1
-#endif
-
-#if defined (HAVE_SELECT)
-# if !defined (HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H) || !defined (M_UNIX)
-# include <sys/time.h>
-# endif
-#endif /* HAVE_SELECT */
-#if defined (HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H)
-# include <sys/select.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifndef USEC_PER_SEC
-# define USEC_PER_SEC 1000000
-#endif
-
-#define USEC_TO_TIMEVAL(us, tv) \
-do { \
- (tv).tv_sec = (us) / USEC_PER_SEC; \
- (tv).tv_usec = (us) % USEC_PER_SEC; \
-} while (0)
-
-#endif /* _POSIXSELECT_H_ */
--- /dev/null
+../../include/posixselect.h
\ No newline at end of file
+++ /dev/null
-/* posixstat.h -- Posix stat(2) definitions for systems that
- don't have them. */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-
- Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-/* This file should be included instead of <sys/stat.h>.
- It relies on the local sys/stat.h to work though. */
-#if !defined (_POSIXSTAT_H_)
-#define _POSIXSTAT_H_
-
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-#if defined (STAT_MACROS_BROKEN)
-# undef S_ISBLK
-# undef S_ISCHR
-# undef S_ISDIR
-# undef S_ISFIFO
-# undef S_ISREG
-# undef S_ISLNK
-#endif /* STAT_MACROS_BROKEN */
-
-/* These are guaranteed to work only on isc386 */
-#if !defined (S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_ISDIR)
-# define S_IFDIR 0040000
-#endif /* !S_IFDIR && !S_ISDIR */
-#if !defined (S_IFMT)
-# define S_IFMT 0170000
-#endif /* !S_IFMT */
-
-/* Posix 1003.1 5.6.1.1 <sys/stat.h> file types */
-
-/* Some Posix-wannabe systems define _S_IF* macros instead of S_IF*, but
- do not provide the S_IS* macros that Posix requires. */
-
-#if defined (_S_IFMT) && !defined (S_IFMT)
-#define S_IFMT _S_IFMT
-#endif
-#if defined (_S_IFIFO) && !defined (S_IFIFO)
-#define S_IFIFO _S_IFIFO
-#endif
-#if defined (_S_IFCHR) && !defined (S_IFCHR)
-#define S_IFCHR _S_IFCHR
-#endif
-#if defined (_S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_IFDIR)
-#define S_IFDIR _S_IFDIR
-#endif
-#if defined (_S_IFBLK) && !defined (S_IFBLK)
-#define S_IFBLK _S_IFBLK
-#endif
-#if defined (_S_IFREG) && !defined (S_IFREG)
-#define S_IFREG _S_IFREG
-#endif
-#if defined (_S_IFLNK) && !defined (S_IFLNK)
-#define S_IFLNK _S_IFLNK
-#endif
-#if defined (_S_IFSOCK) && !defined (S_IFSOCK)
-#define S_IFSOCK _S_IFSOCK
-#endif
-
-/* Test for each symbol individually and define the ones necessary (some
- systems claiming Posix compatibility define some but not all). */
-
-#if defined (S_IFBLK) && !defined (S_ISBLK)
-#define S_ISBLK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK) /* block device */
-#endif
-
-#if defined (S_IFCHR) && !defined (S_ISCHR)
-#define S_ISCHR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR) /* character device */
-#endif
-
-#if defined (S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_ISDIR)
-#define S_ISDIR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) /* directory */
-#endif
-
-#if defined (S_IFREG) && !defined (S_ISREG)
-#define S_ISREG(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) /* file */
-#endif
-
-#if defined (S_IFIFO) && !defined (S_ISFIFO)
-#define S_ISFIFO(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO) /* fifo - named pipe */
-#endif
-
-#if defined (S_IFLNK) && !defined (S_ISLNK)
-#define S_ISLNK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK) /* symbolic link */
-#endif
-
-#if defined (S_IFSOCK) && !defined (S_ISSOCK)
-#define S_ISSOCK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK) /* socket */
-#endif
-
-/*
- * POSIX 1003.1 5.6.1.2 <sys/stat.h> File Modes
- */
-
-#if !defined (S_IRWXU)
-# if !defined (S_IREAD)
-# define S_IREAD 00400
-# define S_IWRITE 00200
-# define S_IEXEC 00100
-# endif /* S_IREAD */
-
-# if !defined (S_IRUSR)
-# define S_IRUSR S_IREAD /* read, owner */
-# define S_IWUSR S_IWRITE /* write, owner */
-# define S_IXUSR S_IEXEC /* execute, owner */
-
-# define S_IRGRP (S_IREAD >> 3) /* read, group */
-# define S_IWGRP (S_IWRITE >> 3) /* write, group */
-# define S_IXGRP (S_IEXEC >> 3) /* execute, group */
-
-# define S_IROTH (S_IREAD >> 6) /* read, other */
-# define S_IWOTH (S_IWRITE >> 6) /* write, other */
-# define S_IXOTH (S_IEXEC >> 6) /* execute, other */
-# endif /* !S_IRUSR */
-
-# define S_IRWXU (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR)
-# define S_IRWXG (S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IXGRP)
-# define S_IRWXO (S_IROTH | S_IWOTH | S_IXOTH)
-#endif /* !S_IRWXU */
-
-/* These are non-standard, but are used in builtins.c$symbolic_umask() */
-#define S_IRUGO (S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)
-#define S_IWUGO (S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH)
-#define S_IXUGO (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)
-
-#endif /* _POSIXSTAT_H_ */
--- /dev/null
+../../include/posixstat.h
\ No newline at end of file
+++ /dev/null
-/* tilde.c -- Tilde expansion code (~/foo := $HOME/foo). */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1988-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library
- for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
-
- Readline is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Readline. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H)
-# include <config.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
-# ifdef _MINIX
-# include <sys/types.h>
-# endif
-# include <unistd.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined (HAVE_STRING_H)
-# include <string.h>
-#else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */
-# include <strings.h>
-#endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */
-
-#if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H)
-# include <stdlib.h>
-#else
-# include "ansi_stdlib.h"
-#endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#if defined (HAVE_PWD_H)
-#include <pwd.h>
-#endif
-
-#include "tilde.h"
-
-#if defined (TEST) || defined (STATIC_MALLOC)
-static void *xmalloc (), *xrealloc ();
-#else
-# include "xmalloc.h"
-#endif /* TEST || STATIC_MALLOC */
-
-#if !defined (HAVE_GETPW_DECLS)
-# if defined (HAVE_GETPWUID)
-extern struct passwd *getpwuid PARAMS((uid_t));
-# endif
-# if defined (HAVE_GETPWNAM)
-extern struct passwd *getpwnam PARAMS((const char *));
-# endif
-#endif /* !HAVE_GETPW_DECLS */
-
-#if !defined (savestring)
-#define savestring(x) strcpy ((char *)xmalloc (1 + strlen (x)), (x))
-#endif /* !savestring */
-
-#if !defined (NULL)
-# if defined (__STDC__)
-# define NULL ((void *) 0)
-# else
-# define NULL 0x0
-# endif /* !__STDC__ */
-#endif /* !NULL */
-
-/* If being compiled as part of bash, these will be satisfied from
- variables.o. If being compiled as part of readline, they will
- be satisfied from shell.o. */
-extern char *sh_get_home_dir PARAMS((void));
-extern char *sh_get_env_value PARAMS((const char *));
-
-/* The default value of tilde_additional_prefixes. This is set to
- whitespace preceding a tilde so that simple programs which do not
- perform any word separation get desired behaviour. */
-static const char *default_prefixes[] =
- { " ~", "\t~", (const char *)NULL };
-
-/* The default value of tilde_additional_suffixes. This is set to
- whitespace or newline so that simple programs which do not
- perform any word separation get desired behaviour. */
-static const char *default_suffixes[] =
- { " ", "\n", (const char *)NULL };
-
-/* If non-null, this contains the address of a function that the application
- wants called before trying the standard tilde expansions. The function
- is called with the text sans tilde, and returns a malloc()'ed string
- which is the expansion, or a NULL pointer if the expansion fails. */
-tilde_hook_func_t *tilde_expansion_preexpansion_hook = (tilde_hook_func_t *)NULL;
-
-/* If non-null, this contains the address of a function to call if the
- standard meaning for expanding a tilde fails. The function is called
- with the text (sans tilde, as in "foo"), and returns a malloc()'ed string
- which is the expansion, or a NULL pointer if there is no expansion. */
-tilde_hook_func_t *tilde_expansion_failure_hook = (tilde_hook_func_t *)NULL;
-
-/* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which
- are duplicates for a tilde prefix. Bash uses this to expand
- `=~' and `:~'. */
-char **tilde_additional_prefixes = (char **)default_prefixes;
-
-/* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which match
- the end of a username, instead of just "/". Bash sets this to
- `:' and `=~'. */
-char **tilde_additional_suffixes = (char **)default_suffixes;
-
-static int tilde_find_prefix PARAMS((const char *, int *));
-static int tilde_find_suffix PARAMS((const char *));
-static char *isolate_tilde_prefix PARAMS((const char *, int *));
-static char *glue_prefix_and_suffix PARAMS((char *, const char *, int));
-
-/* Find the start of a tilde expansion in STRING, and return the index of
- the tilde which starts the expansion. Place the length of the text
- which identified this tilde starter in LEN, excluding the tilde itself. */
-static int
-tilde_find_prefix (string, len)
- const char *string;
- int *len;
-{
- register int i, j, string_len;
- register char **prefixes;
-
- prefixes = tilde_additional_prefixes;
-
- string_len = strlen (string);
- *len = 0;
-
- if (*string == '\0' || *string == '~')
- return (0);
-
- if (prefixes)
- {
- for (i = 0; i < string_len; i++)
- {
- for (j = 0; prefixes[j]; j++)
- {
- if (strncmp (string + i, prefixes[j], strlen (prefixes[j])) == 0)
- {
- *len = strlen (prefixes[j]) - 1;
- return (i + *len);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- return (string_len);
-}
-
-/* Find the end of a tilde expansion in STRING, and return the index of
- the character which ends the tilde definition. */
-static int
-tilde_find_suffix (string)
- const char *string;
-{
- register int i, j, string_len;
- register char **suffixes;
-
- suffixes = tilde_additional_suffixes;
- string_len = strlen (string);
-
- for (i = 0; i < string_len; i++)
- {
-#if defined (__MSDOS__)
- if (string[i] == '/' || string[i] == '\\' /* || !string[i] */)
-#else
- if (string[i] == '/' /* || !string[i] */)
-#endif
- break;
-
- for (j = 0; suffixes && suffixes[j]; j++)
- {
- if (strncmp (string + i, suffixes[j], strlen (suffixes[j])) == 0)
- return (i);
- }
- }
- return (i);
-}
-
-/* Return a new string which is the result of tilde expanding STRING. */
-char *
-tilde_expand (string)
- const char *string;
-{
- char *result;
- int result_size, result_index;
-
- result_index = result_size = 0;
- if (result = strchr (string, '~'))
- result = (char *)xmalloc (result_size = (strlen (string) + 16));
- else
- result = (char *)xmalloc (result_size = (strlen (string) + 1));
-
- /* Scan through STRING expanding tildes as we come to them. */
- while (1)
- {
- register int start, end;
- char *tilde_word, *expansion;
- int len;
-
- /* Make START point to the tilde which starts the expansion. */
- start = tilde_find_prefix (string, &len);
-
- /* Copy the skipped text into the result. */
- if ((result_index + start + 1) > result_size)
- result = (char *)xrealloc (result, 1 + (result_size += (start + 20)));
-
- strncpy (result + result_index, string, start);
- result_index += start;
-
- /* Advance STRING to the starting tilde. */
- string += start;
-
- /* Make END be the index of one after the last character of the
- username. */
- end = tilde_find_suffix (string);
-
- /* If both START and END are zero, we are all done. */
- if (!start && !end)
- break;
-
- /* Expand the entire tilde word, and copy it into RESULT. */
- tilde_word = (char *)xmalloc (1 + end);
- strncpy (tilde_word, string, end);
- tilde_word[end] = '\0';
- string += end;
-
- expansion = tilde_expand_word (tilde_word);
- xfree (tilde_word);
-
- len = strlen (expansion);
-#ifdef __CYGWIN__
- /* Fix for Cygwin to prevent ~user/xxx from expanding to //xxx when
- $HOME for `user' is /. On cygwin, // denotes a network drive. */
- if (len > 1 || *expansion != '/' || *string != '/')
-#endif
- {
- if ((result_index + len + 1) > result_size)
- result = (char *)xrealloc (result, 1 + (result_size += (len + 20)));
-
- strcpy (result + result_index, expansion);
- result_index += len;
- }
- xfree (expansion);
- }
-
- result[result_index] = '\0';
-
- return (result);
-}
-
-/* Take FNAME and return the tilde prefix we want expanded. If LENP is
- non-null, the index of the end of the prefix into FNAME is returned in
- the location it points to. */
-static char *
-isolate_tilde_prefix (fname, lenp)
- const char *fname;
- int *lenp;
-{
- char *ret;
- int i;
-
- ret = (char *)xmalloc (strlen (fname));
-#if defined (__MSDOS__)
- for (i = 1; fname[i] && fname[i] != '/' && fname[i] != '\\'; i++)
-#else
- for (i = 1; fname[i] && fname[i] != '/'; i++)
-#endif
- ret[i - 1] = fname[i];
- ret[i - 1] = '\0';
- if (lenp)
- *lenp = i;
- return ret;
-}
-
-#if 0
-/* Public function to scan a string (FNAME) beginning with a tilde and find
- the portion of the string that should be passed to the tilde expansion
- function. Right now, it just calls tilde_find_suffix and allocates new
- memory, but it can be expanded to do different things later. */
-char *
-tilde_find_word (fname, flags, lenp)
- const char *fname;
- int flags, *lenp;
-{
- int x;
- char *r;
-
- x = tilde_find_suffix (fname);
- if (x == 0)
- {
- r = savestring (fname);
- if (lenp)
- *lenp = 0;
- }
- else
- {
- r = (char *)xmalloc (1 + x);
- strncpy (r, fname, x);
- r[x] = '\0';
- if (lenp)
- *lenp = x;
- }
-
- return r;
-}
-#endif
-
-/* Return a string that is PREFIX concatenated with SUFFIX starting at
- SUFFIND. */
-static char *
-glue_prefix_and_suffix (prefix, suffix, suffind)
- char *prefix;
- const char *suffix;
- int suffind;
-{
- char *ret;
- int plen, slen;
-
- plen = (prefix && *prefix) ? strlen (prefix) : 0;
- slen = strlen (suffix + suffind);
- ret = (char *)xmalloc (plen + slen + 1);
- if (plen)
- strcpy (ret, prefix);
- strcpy (ret + plen, suffix + suffind);
- return ret;
-}
-
-/* Do the work of tilde expansion on FILENAME. FILENAME starts with a
- tilde. If there is no expansion, call tilde_expansion_failure_hook.
- This always returns a newly-allocated string, never static storage. */
-char *
-tilde_expand_word (filename)
- const char *filename;
-{
- char *dirname, *expansion, *username;
- int user_len;
- struct passwd *user_entry;
-
- if (filename == 0)
- return ((char *)NULL);
-
- if (*filename != '~')
- return (savestring (filename));
-
- /* A leading `~/' or a bare `~' is *always* translated to the value of
- $HOME or the home directory of the current user, regardless of any
- preexpansion hook. */
- if (filename[1] == '\0' || filename[1] == '/')
- {
- /* Prefix $HOME to the rest of the string. */
- expansion = sh_get_env_value ("HOME");
-
- /* If there is no HOME variable, look up the directory in
- the password database. */
- if (expansion == 0)
- expansion = sh_get_home_dir ();
-
- return (glue_prefix_and_suffix (expansion, filename, 1));
- }
-
- username = isolate_tilde_prefix (filename, &user_len);
-
- if (tilde_expansion_preexpansion_hook)
- {
- expansion = (*tilde_expansion_preexpansion_hook) (username);
- if (expansion)
- {
- dirname = glue_prefix_and_suffix (expansion, filename, user_len);
- xfree (username);
- free (expansion);
- return (dirname);
- }
- }
-
- /* No preexpansion hook, or the preexpansion hook failed. Look in the
- password database. */
- dirname = (char *)NULL;
-#if defined (HAVE_GETPWNAM)
- user_entry = getpwnam (username);
-#else
- user_entry = 0;
-#endif
- if (user_entry == 0)
- {
- /* If the calling program has a special syntax for expanding tildes,
- and we couldn't find a standard expansion, then let them try. */
- if (tilde_expansion_failure_hook)
- {
- expansion = (*tilde_expansion_failure_hook) (username);
- if (expansion)
- {
- dirname = glue_prefix_and_suffix (expansion, filename, user_len);
- free (expansion);
- }
- }
- /* If we don't have a failure hook, or if the failure hook did not
- expand the tilde, return a copy of what we were passed. */
- if (dirname == 0)
- dirname = savestring (filename);
- }
-#if defined (HAVE_GETPWENT)
- else
- dirname = glue_prefix_and_suffix (user_entry->pw_dir, filename, user_len);
-#endif
-
- xfree (username);
-#if defined (HAVE_GETPWENT)
- endpwent ();
-#endif
- return (dirname);
-}
-
-\f
-#if defined (TEST)
-#undef NULL
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-main (argc, argv)
- int argc;
- char **argv;
-{
- char *result, line[512];
- int done = 0;
-
- while (!done)
- {
- printf ("~expand: ");
- fflush (stdout);
-
- if (!gets (line))
- strcpy (line, "done");
-
- if ((strcmp (line, "done") == 0) ||
- (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0) ||
- (strcmp (line, "exit") == 0))
- {
- done = 1;
- break;
- }
-
- result = tilde_expand (line);
- printf (" --> %s\n", result);
- free (result);
- }
- exit (0);
-}
-
-static void memory_error_and_abort ();
-
-static void *
-xmalloc (bytes)
- size_t bytes;
-{
- void *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes);
-
- if (!temp)
- memory_error_and_abort ();
- return (temp);
-}
-
-static void *
-xrealloc (pointer, bytes)
- void *pointer;
- int bytes;
-{
- void *temp;
-
- if (!pointer)
- temp = malloc (bytes);
- else
- temp = realloc (pointer, bytes);
-
- if (!temp)
- memory_error_and_abort ();
-
- return (temp);
-}
-
-static void
-memory_error_and_abort ()
-{
- fprintf (stderr, "readline: out of virtual memory\n");
- abort ();
-}
-
-/*
- * Local variables:
- * compile-command: "gcc -g -DTEST -o tilde tilde.c"
- * end:
- */
-#endif /* TEST */
--- /dev/null
+../tilde/tilde.c
\ No newline at end of file
+++ /dev/null
-/* tilde.h: Externally available variables and function in libtilde.a. */
-
-/* Copyright (C) 1992-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
- This file contains the Readline Library (Readline), a set of
- routines for providing Emacs style line input to programs that ask
- for it.
-
- Readline is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with Readline. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-*/
-
-#if !defined (_TILDE_H_)
-# define _TILDE_H_
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-/* A function can be defined using prototypes and compile on both ANSI C
- and traditional C compilers with something like this:
- extern char *func PARAMS((char *, char *, int)); */
-
-#if !defined (PARAMS)
-# if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__GNUC__) || defined (__cplusplus)
-# define PARAMS(protos) protos
-# else
-# define PARAMS(protos) ()
-# endif
-#endif
-
-typedef char *tilde_hook_func_t PARAMS((char *));
-
-/* If non-null, this contains the address of a function that the application
- wants called before trying the standard tilde expansions. The function
- is called with the text sans tilde, and returns a malloc()'ed string
- which is the expansion, or a NULL pointer if the expansion fails. */
-extern tilde_hook_func_t *tilde_expansion_preexpansion_hook;
-
-/* If non-null, this contains the address of a function to call if the
- standard meaning for expanding a tilde fails. The function is called
- with the text (sans tilde, as in "foo"), and returns a malloc()'ed string
- which is the expansion, or a NULL pointer if there is no expansion. */
-extern tilde_hook_func_t *tilde_expansion_failure_hook;
-
-/* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which
- are duplicates for a tilde prefix. Bash uses this to expand
- `=~' and `:~'. */
-extern char **tilde_additional_prefixes;
-
-/* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which match
- the end of a username, instead of just "/". Bash sets this to
- `:' and `=~'. */
-extern char **tilde_additional_suffixes;
-
-/* Return a new string which is the result of tilde expanding STRING. */
-extern char *tilde_expand PARAMS((const char *));
-
-/* Do the work of tilde expansion on FILENAME. FILENAME starts with a
- tilde. If there is no expansion, call tilde_expansion_failure_hook. */
-extern char *tilde_expand_word PARAMS((const char *));
-
-/* Find the portion of the string beginning with ~ that should be expanded. */
-extern char *tilde_find_word PARAMS((const char *, int, int *));
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif /* _TILDE_H_ */
--- /dev/null
+../tilde/tilde.h
\ No newline at end of file
/* Extract the $( construct in STRING, and return a new string.
Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$(".
Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching ")". )
- XFLAGS is additional flags to pass to other extraction functions, */
+ XFLAGS is additional flags to pass to other extraction functions. */
char *
extract_command_subst (string, sindex, xflags)
char *string;
continue;
}
+#if 0
+ /* Process a nested command substitution, but only if we're parsing a
+ command substitution. XXX - for bash-4.2 */
+ if ((flags & SX_COMMAND) && string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LPAREN)
+ {
+ si = i + 2;
+ t = extract_command_subst (string, &si, flags);
+ i = si + 1;
+ continue;
+ }
+#endif
+
/* Process a nested OPENER. */
if (STREQN (string + i, opener, len_opener))
{
if (chk_arithsub (temp2, t_index) == 0)
{
free (temp2);
+ internal_warning (_("future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution"));
goto comsub;
}
--- /dev/null
+/* subst.c -- The part of the shell that does parameter, command, arithmetic,
+ and globbing substitutions. */
+
+/* ``Have a little faith, there's magic in the night. You ain't a
+ beauty, but, hey, you're alright.'' */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "chartypes.h"
+#if defined (HAVE_PWD_H)
+# include <pwd.h>
+#endif
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "jobs.h"
+#include "execute_cmd.h"
+#include "filecntl.h"
+#include "trap.h"
+#include "pathexp.h"
+#include "mailcheck.h"
+
+#include "shmbutil.h"
+
+#include "builtins/getopt.h"
+#include "builtins/common.h"
+
+#include "builtins/builtext.h"
+
+#include <tilde/tilde.h>
+#include <glob/strmatch.h>
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif /* !errno */
+
+/* The size that strings change by. */
+#define DEFAULT_INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE 112
+#define DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE 128
+
+/* Variable types. */
+#define VT_VARIABLE 0
+#define VT_POSPARMS 1
+#define VT_ARRAYVAR 2
+#define VT_ARRAYMEMBER 3
+#define VT_ASSOCVAR 4
+
+#define VT_STARSUB 128 /* $* or ${array[*]} -- used to split */
+
+/* Flags for quoted_strchr */
+#define ST_BACKSL 0x01
+#define ST_CTLESC 0x02
+#define ST_SQUOTE 0x04 /* unused yet */
+#define ST_DQUOTE 0x08 /* unused yet */
+
+/* Flags for the `pflags' argument to param_expand() */
+#define PF_NOCOMSUB 0x01 /* Do not perform command substitution */
+#define PF_IGNUNBOUND 0x02 /* ignore unbound vars even if -u set */
+#define PF_NOSPLIT2 0x04 /* same as W_NOSPLIT2 */
+
+/* These defs make it easier to use the editor. */
+#define LBRACE '{'
+#define RBRACE '}'
+#define LPAREN '('
+#define RPAREN ')'
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+#define WLPAREN L'('
+#define WRPAREN L')'
+#endif
+
+/* Evaluates to 1 if C is one of the shell's special parameters whose length
+ can be taken, but is also one of the special expansion characters. */
+#define VALID_SPECIAL_LENGTH_PARAM(c) \
+ ((c) == '-' || (c) == '?' || (c) == '#')
+
+/* Evaluates to 1 if C is one of the shell's special parameters for which an
+ indirect variable reference may be made. */
+#define VALID_INDIR_PARAM(c) \
+ ((c) == '#' || (c) == '?' || (c) == '@' || (c) == '*')
+
+/* Evaluates to 1 if C is one of the OP characters that follows the parameter
+ in ${parameter[:]OPword}. */
+#define VALID_PARAM_EXPAND_CHAR(c) (sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char)c] & CSUBSTOP)
+
+/* Evaluates to 1 if this is one of the shell's special variables. */
+#define SPECIAL_VAR(name, wi) \
+ ((DIGIT (*name) && all_digits (name)) || \
+ (name[1] == '\0' && (sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char)*name] & CSPECVAR)) || \
+ (wi && name[2] == '\0' && VALID_INDIR_PARAM (name[1])))
+
+/* An expansion function that takes a string and a quoted flag and returns
+ a WORD_LIST *. Used as the type of the third argument to
+ expand_string_if_necessary(). */
+typedef WORD_LIST *EXPFUNC __P((char *, int));
+
+/* Process ID of the last command executed within command substitution. */
+pid_t last_command_subst_pid = NO_PID;
+pid_t current_command_subst_pid = NO_PID;
+
+/* Variables used to keep track of the characters in IFS. */
+SHELL_VAR *ifs_var;
+char *ifs_value;
+unsigned char ifs_cmap[UCHAR_MAX + 1];
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+unsigned char ifs_firstc[MB_LEN_MAX];
+size_t ifs_firstc_len;
+#else
+unsigned char ifs_firstc;
+#endif
+
+/* Sentinel to tell when we are performing variable assignments preceding a
+ command name and putting them into the environment. Used to make sure
+ we use the temporary environment when looking up variable values. */
+int assigning_in_environment;
+
+/* Used to hold a list of variable assignments preceding a command. Global
+ so the SIGCHLD handler in jobs.c can unwind-protect it when it runs a
+ SIGCHLD trap and so it can be saved and restored by the trap handlers. */
+WORD_LIST *subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+/* Extern functions and variables from different files. */
+extern int last_command_exit_value, last_command_exit_signal;
+extern int subshell_environment, line_number;
+extern int subshell_level, parse_and_execute_level, sourcelevel;
+extern int eof_encountered;
+extern int return_catch_flag, return_catch_value;
+extern pid_t dollar_dollar_pid;
+extern int posixly_correct;
+extern char *this_command_name;
+extern struct fd_bitmap *current_fds_to_close;
+extern int wordexp_only;
+extern int expanding_redir;
+extern int tempenv_assign_error;
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_WCSDUP) && defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+extern wchar_t *wcsdup __P((const wchar_t *));
+#endif
+
+/* Non-zero means to allow unmatched globbed filenames to expand to
+ a null file. */
+int allow_null_glob_expansion;
+
+/* Non-zero means to throw an error when globbing fails to match anything. */
+int fail_glob_expansion;
+
+#if 0
+/* Variables to keep track of which words in an expanded word list (the
+ output of expand_word_list_internal) are the result of globbing
+ expansions. GLOB_ARGV_FLAGS is used by execute_cmd.c.
+ (CURRENTLY UNUSED). */
+char *glob_argv_flags;
+static int glob_argv_flags_size;
+#endif
+
+static WORD_LIST expand_word_error, expand_word_fatal;
+static WORD_DESC expand_wdesc_error, expand_wdesc_fatal;
+static char expand_param_error, expand_param_fatal;
+static char extract_string_error, extract_string_fatal;
+
+/* Tell the expansion functions to not longjmp back to top_level on fatal
+ errors. Enabled when doing completion and prompt string expansion. */
+static int no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 0;
+
+/* Set by expand_word_unsplit; used to inhibit splitting and re-joining
+ $* on $IFS, primarily when doing assignment statements. */
+static int expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
+
+/* A WORD_LIST of words to be expanded by expand_word_list_internal,
+ without any leading variable assignments. */
+static WORD_LIST *garglist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+static char *quoted_substring __P((char *, int, int));
+static int quoted_strlen __P((char *));
+static char *quoted_strchr __P((char *, int, int));
+
+static char *expand_string_if_necessary __P((char *, int, EXPFUNC *));
+static inline char *expand_string_to_string_internal __P((char *, int, EXPFUNC *));
+static WORD_LIST *call_expand_word_internal __P((WORD_DESC *, int, int, int *, int *));
+static WORD_LIST *expand_string_internal __P((char *, int));
+static WORD_LIST *expand_string_leave_quoted __P((char *, int));
+static WORD_LIST *expand_string_for_rhs __P((char *, int, int *, int *));
+
+static WORD_LIST *list_quote_escapes __P((WORD_LIST *));
+static char *make_quoted_char __P((int));
+static WORD_LIST *quote_list __P((WORD_LIST *));
+
+static int unquoted_substring __P((char *, char *));
+static int unquoted_member __P((int, char *));
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static SHELL_VAR *do_compound_assignment __P((char *, char *, int));
+#endif
+static int do_assignment_internal __P((const WORD_DESC *, int));
+
+static char *string_extract_verbatim __P((char *, size_t, int *, char *, int));
+static char *string_extract __P((char *, int *, char *, int));
+static char *string_extract_double_quoted __P((char *, int *, int));
+static inline char *string_extract_single_quoted __P((char *, int *));
+static inline int skip_single_quoted __P((const char *, size_t, int));
+static int skip_double_quoted __P((char *, size_t, int));
+static char *extract_delimited_string __P((char *, int *, char *, char *, char *, int));
+static char *extract_dollar_brace_string __P((char *, int *, int, int));
+static int skip_matched_pair __P((const char *, int, int, int, int));
+
+static char *pos_params __P((char *, int, int, int));
+
+static unsigned char *mb_getcharlens __P((char *, int));
+
+static char *remove_upattern __P((char *, char *, int));
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+static wchar_t *remove_wpattern __P((wchar_t *, size_t, wchar_t *, int));
+#endif
+static char *remove_pattern __P((char *, char *, int));
+
+static int match_pattern_char __P((char *, char *));
+static int match_upattern __P((char *, char *, int, char **, char **));
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+static int match_pattern_wchar __P((wchar_t *, wchar_t *));
+static int match_wpattern __P((wchar_t *, char **, size_t, wchar_t *, int, char **, char **));
+#endif
+static int match_pattern __P((char *, char *, int, char **, char **));
+static int getpatspec __P((int, char *));
+static char *getpattern __P((char *, int, int));
+static char *variable_remove_pattern __P((char *, char *, int, int));
+static char *list_remove_pattern __P((WORD_LIST *, char *, int, int, int));
+static char *parameter_list_remove_pattern __P((int, char *, int, int));
+#ifdef ARRAY_VARS
+static char *array_remove_pattern __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, int, char *, int));
+#endif
+static char *parameter_brace_remove_pattern __P((char *, char *, char *, int, int));
+
+static char *process_substitute __P((char *, int));
+
+static char *read_comsub __P((int, int, int *));
+
+#ifdef ARRAY_VARS
+static arrayind_t array_length_reference __P((char *));
+#endif
+
+static int valid_brace_expansion_word __P((char *, int));
+static int chk_atstar __P((char *, int, int *, int *));
+static int chk_arithsub __P((const char *, int));
+
+static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand_word __P((char *, int, int, int));
+static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand_indir __P((char *, int, int, int *, int *));
+static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand_rhs __P((char *, char *, int, int, int *, int *));
+static void parameter_brace_expand_error __P((char *, char *));
+
+static int valid_length_expression __P((char *));
+static intmax_t parameter_brace_expand_length __P((char *));
+
+static char *skiparith __P((char *, int));
+static int verify_substring_values __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, char *, int, intmax_t *, intmax_t *));
+static int get_var_and_type __P((char *, char *, int, SHELL_VAR **, char **));
+static char *mb_substring __P((char *, int, int));
+static char *parameter_brace_substring __P((char *, char *, char *, int));
+
+static char *pos_params_pat_subst __P((char *, char *, char *, int));
+
+static char *parameter_brace_patsub __P((char *, char *, char *, int));
+
+static char *pos_params_casemod __P((char *, char *, int, int));
+static char *parameter_brace_casemod __P((char *, char *, int, char *, int));
+
+static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand __P((char *, int *, int, int, int *, int *));
+static WORD_DESC *param_expand __P((char *, int *, int, int *, int *, int *, int *, int));
+
+static WORD_LIST *expand_word_internal __P((WORD_DESC *, int, int, int *, int *));
+
+static WORD_LIST *word_list_split __P((WORD_LIST *));
+
+static void exp_jump_to_top_level __P((int));
+
+static WORD_LIST *separate_out_assignments __P((WORD_LIST *));
+static WORD_LIST *glob_expand_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int));
+#ifdef BRACE_EXPANSION
+static WORD_LIST *brace_expand_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int));
+#endif
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static int make_internal_declare __P((char *, char *));
+#endif
+static WORD_LIST *shell_expand_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int));
+static WORD_LIST *expand_word_list_internal __P((WORD_LIST *, int));
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Utility Functions */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+#if defined (DEBUG)
+void
+dump_word_flags (flags)
+ int flags;
+{
+ int f;
+
+ f = flags;
+ fprintf (stderr, "%d -> ", f);
+ if (f & W_ASSIGNASSOC)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_ASSIGNASSOC;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNASSOC%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_HASCTLESC)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_HASCTLESC;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_HASCTLESC%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_NOPROCSUB)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_NOPROCSUB;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_NOPROCSUB%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_DQUOTE)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_DQUOTE;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_DQUOTE%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_HASQUOTEDNULL)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_HASQUOTEDNULL%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_ASSIGNARG)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_ASSIGNARG;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNARG%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_ASSNBLTIN)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_ASSNBLTIN;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSNBLTIN%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_COMPASSIGN)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_COMPASSIGN;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_COMPASSIGN%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_NOEXPAND)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_NOEXPAND;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_NOEXPAND%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_ITILDE)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_ITILDE;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_ITILDE%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_NOTILDE)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_NOTILDE;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_NOTILDE%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_ASSIGNRHS)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_ASSIGNRHS;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNRHS%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_NOCOMSUB)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_NOCOMSUB;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_NOCOMSUB%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_DOLLARSTAR)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_DOLLARSTAR;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_DOLLARSTAR%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_DOLLARAT)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_DOLLARAT;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_DOLLARAT%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_TILDEEXP)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_TILDEEXP;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_TILDEEXP%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_NOSPLIT2)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_NOSPLIT2;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_NOSPLIT2%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_NOGLOB)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_NOGLOB;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_NOGLOB%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_NOSPLIT)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_NOSPLIT;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_NOSPLIT%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_GLOBEXP)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_GLOBEXP;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_GLOBEXP%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_ASSIGNMENT)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_ASSIGNMENT;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNMENT%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_QUOTED)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_QUOTED;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_QUOTED%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ if (f & W_HASDOLLAR)
+ {
+ f &= ~W_HASDOLLAR;
+ fprintf (stderr, "W_HASDOLLAR%s", f ? "|" : "");
+ }
+ fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+ fflush (stderr);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
+static char *
+quoted_substring (string, start, end)
+ char *string;
+ int start, end;
+{
+ register int len, l;
+ register char *result, *s, *r;
+
+ len = end - start;
+
+ /* Move to string[start], skipping quoted characters. */
+ for (s = string, l = 0; *s && l < start; )
+ {
+ if (*s == CTLESC)
+ {
+ s++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ l++;
+ if (*s == 0)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ r = result = (char *)xmalloc (2*len + 1); /* save room for quotes */
+
+ /* Copy LEN characters, including quote characters. */
+ s = string + l;
+ for (l = 0; l < len; s++)
+ {
+ if (*s == CTLESC)
+ *r++ = *s++;
+ *r++ = *s;
+ l++;
+ if (*s == 0)
+ break;
+ }
+ *r = '\0';
+ return result;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
+/* Return the length of S, skipping over quoted characters */
+static int
+quoted_strlen (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ register char *p;
+ int i;
+
+ i = 0;
+ for (p = s; *p; p++)
+ {
+ if (*p == CTLESC)
+ {
+ p++;
+ if (*p == 0)
+ return (i + 1);
+ }
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ return i;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Find the first occurrence of character C in string S, obeying shell
+ quoting rules. If (FLAGS & ST_BACKSL) is non-zero, backslash-escaped
+ characters are skipped. If (FLAGS & ST_CTLESC) is non-zero, characters
+ escaped with CTLESC are skipped. */
+static char *
+quoted_strchr (s, c, flags)
+ char *s;
+ int c, flags;
+{
+ register char *p;
+
+ for (p = s; *p; p++)
+ {
+ if (((flags & ST_BACKSL) && *p == '\\')
+ || ((flags & ST_CTLESC) && *p == CTLESC))
+ {
+ p++;
+ if (*p == '\0')
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (*p == c)
+ return p;
+ }
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if CHARACTER appears in an unquoted portion of
+ STRING. Return 0 otherwise. CHARACTER must be a single-byte character. */
+static int
+unquoted_member (character, string)
+ int character;
+ char *string;
+{
+ size_t slen;
+ int sindex, c;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ slen = strlen (string);
+ sindex = 0;
+ while (c = string[sindex])
+ {
+ if (c == character)
+ return (1);
+
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ default:
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
+ break;
+
+ case '\\':
+ sindex++;
+ if (string[sindex])
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
+ break;
+
+ case '\'':
+ sindex = skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex);
+ break;
+
+ case '"':
+ sindex = skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if SUBSTR appears in an unquoted portion of STRING. */
+static int
+unquoted_substring (substr, string)
+ char *substr, *string;
+{
+ size_t slen;
+ int sindex, c, sublen;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ if (substr == 0 || *substr == '\0')
+ return (0);
+
+ slen = strlen (string);
+ sublen = strlen (substr);
+ for (sindex = 0; c = string[sindex]; )
+ {
+ if (STREQN (string + sindex, substr, sublen))
+ return (1);
+
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ case '\\':
+ sindex++;
+
+ if (string[sindex])
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
+ break;
+
+ case '\'':
+ sindex = skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex);
+ break;
+
+ case '"':
+ sindex = skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex);
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* Most of the substitutions must be done in parallel. In order
+ to avoid using tons of unclear goto's, I have some functions
+ for manipulating malloc'ed strings. They all take INDX, a
+ pointer to an integer which is the offset into the string
+ where manipulation is taking place. They also take SIZE, a
+ pointer to an integer which is the current length of the
+ character array for this string. */
+
+/* Append SOURCE to TARGET at INDEX. SIZE is the current amount
+ of space allocated to TARGET. SOURCE can be NULL, in which
+ case nothing happens. Gets rid of SOURCE by freeing it.
+ Returns TARGET in case the location has changed. */
+INLINE char *
+sub_append_string (source, target, indx, size)
+ char *source, *target;
+ int *indx, *size;
+{
+ if (source)
+ {
+ int srclen, n;
+
+ srclen = STRLEN (source);
+ if (srclen >= (int)(*size - *indx))
+ {
+ n = srclen + *indx;
+ n = (n + DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE) - (n % DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
+ target = (char *)xrealloc (target, (*size = n));
+ }
+
+ FASTCOPY (source, target + *indx, srclen);
+ *indx += srclen;
+ target[*indx] = '\0';
+
+ free (source);
+ }
+ return (target);
+}
+
+#if 0
+/* UNUSED */
+/* Append the textual representation of NUMBER to TARGET.
+ INDX and SIZE are as in SUB_APPEND_STRING. */
+char *
+sub_append_number (number, target, indx, size)
+ intmax_t number;
+ int *indx, *size;
+ char *target;
+{
+ char *temp;
+
+ temp = itos (number);
+ return (sub_append_string (temp, target, indx, size));
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Extract a substring from STRING, starting at SINDEX and ending with
+ one of the characters in CHARLIST. Don't make the ending character
+ part of the string. Leave SINDEX pointing at the ending character.
+ Understand about backslashes in the string. If (flags & SX_VARNAME)
+ is non-zero, and array variables have been compiled into the shell,
+ everything between a `[' and a corresponding `]' is skipped over.
+ If (flags & SX_NOALLOC) is non-zero, don't return the substring, just
+ update SINDEX. If (flags & SX_REQMATCH) is non-zero, the string must
+ contain a closing character from CHARLIST. */
+static char *
+string_extract (string, sindex, charlist, flags)
+ char *string;
+ int *sindex;
+ char *charlist;
+ int flags;
+{
+ register int c, i;
+ int found;
+ size_t slen;
+ char *temp;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 0;
+ i = *sindex;
+ found = 0;
+ while (c = string[i])
+ {
+ if (c == '\\')
+ {
+ if (string[i + 1])
+ i++;
+ else
+ break;
+ }
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ else if ((flags & SX_VARNAME) && c == '[')
+ {
+ int ni;
+ /* If this is an array subscript, skip over it and continue. */
+ ni = skipsubscript (string, i, 0);
+ if (string[ni] == ']')
+ i = ni;
+ }
+#endif
+ else if (MEMBER (c, charlist))
+ {
+ found = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ }
+
+ /* If we had to have a matching delimiter and didn't find one, return an
+ error and let the caller deal with it. */
+ if ((flags & SX_REQMATCH) && found == 0)
+ {
+ *sindex = i;
+ return (&extract_string_error);
+ }
+
+ temp = (flags & SX_NOALLOC) ? (char *)NULL : substring (string, *sindex, i);
+ *sindex = i;
+
+ return (temp);
+}
+
+/* Extract the contents of STRING as if it is enclosed in double quotes.
+ SINDEX, when passed in, is the offset of the character immediately
+ following the opening double quote; on exit, SINDEX is left pointing after
+ the closing double quote. If STRIPDQ is non-zero, unquoted double
+ quotes are stripped and the string is terminated by a null byte.
+ Backslashes between the embedded double quotes are processed. If STRIPDQ
+ is zero, an unquoted `"' terminates the string. */
+static char *
+string_extract_double_quoted (string, sindex, stripdq)
+ char *string;
+ int *sindex, stripdq;
+{
+ size_t slen;
+ char *send;
+ int j, i, t;
+ unsigned char c;
+ char *temp, *ret; /* The new string we return. */
+ int pass_next, backquote, si; /* State variables for the machine. */
+ int dquote;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex;
+ send = string + slen;
+
+ pass_next = backquote = dquote = 0;
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (1 + slen - *sindex);
+
+ j = 0;
+ i = *sindex;
+ while (c = string[i])
+ {
+ /* Process a character that was quoted by a backslash. */
+ if (pass_next)
+ {
+ /* Posix.2 sez:
+
+ ``The backslash shall retain its special meaning as an escape
+ character only when followed by one of the characters:
+ $ ` " \ <newline>''.
+
+ If STRIPDQ is zero, we handle the double quotes here and let
+ expand_word_internal handle the rest. If STRIPDQ is non-zero,
+ we have already been through one round of backslash stripping,
+ and want to strip these backslashes only if DQUOTE is non-zero,
+ indicating that we are inside an embedded double-quoted string. */
+
+ /* If we are in an embedded quoted string, then don't strip
+ backslashes before characters for which the backslash
+ retains its special meaning, but remove backslashes in
+ front of other characters. If we are not in an
+ embedded quoted string, don't strip backslashes at all.
+ This mess is necessary because the string was already
+ surrounded by double quotes (and sh has some really weird
+ quoting rules).
+ The returned string will be run through expansion as if
+ it were double-quoted. */
+ if ((stripdq == 0 && c != '"') ||
+ (stripdq && ((dquote && (sh_syntaxtab[c] & CBSDQUOTE)) || dquote == 0)))
+ temp[j++] = '\\';
+ pass_next = 0;
+
+add_one_character:
+ COPY_CHAR_I (temp, j, string, send, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* A backslash protects the next character. The code just above
+ handles preserving the backslash in front of any character but
+ a double quote. */
+ if (c == '\\')
+ {
+ pass_next++;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Inside backquotes, ``the portion of the quoted string from the
+ initial backquote and the characters up to the next backquote
+ that is not preceded by a backslash, having escape characters
+ removed, defines that command''. */
+ if (backquote)
+ {
+ if (c == '`')
+ backquote = 0;
+ temp[j++] = c;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (c == '`')
+ {
+ temp[j++] = c;
+ backquote++;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Pass everything between `$(' and the matching `)' or a quoted
+ ${ ... } pair through according to the Posix.2 specification. */
+ if (c == '$' && ((string[i + 1] == LPAREN) || (string[i + 1] == LBRACE)))
+ {
+ int free_ret = 1;
+
+ si = i + 2;
+ if (string[i + 1] == LPAREN)
+ ret = extract_command_subst (string, &si, 0);
+ else
+ ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 1, 0);
+
+ temp[j++] = '$';
+ temp[j++] = string[i + 1];
+
+ /* Just paranoia; ret will not be 0 unless no_longjmp_on_fatal_error
+ is set. */
+ if (ret == 0 && no_longjmp_on_fatal_error)
+ {
+ free_ret = 0;
+ ret = string + i + 2;
+ }
+
+ for (t = 0; ret[t]; t++, j++)
+ temp[j] = ret[t];
+ temp[j] = string[si];
+
+ if (string[si])
+ {
+ j++;
+ i = si + 1;
+ }
+ else
+ i = si;
+
+ if (free_ret)
+ free (ret);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Add any character but a double quote to the quoted string we're
+ accumulating. */
+ if (c != '"')
+ goto add_one_character;
+
+ /* c == '"' */
+ if (stripdq)
+ {
+ dquote ^= 1;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ break;
+ }
+ temp[j] = '\0';
+
+ /* Point to after the closing quote. */
+ if (c)
+ i++;
+ *sindex = i;
+
+ return (temp);
+}
+
+/* This should really be another option to string_extract_double_quoted. */
+static int
+skip_double_quoted (string, slen, sind)
+ char *string;
+ size_t slen;
+ int sind;
+{
+ int c, i;
+ char *ret;
+ int pass_next, backquote, si;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ pass_next = backquote = 0;
+ i = sind;
+ while (c = string[i])
+ {
+ if (pass_next)
+ {
+ pass_next = 0;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (c == '\\')
+ {
+ pass_next++;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (backquote)
+ {
+ if (c == '`')
+ backquote = 0;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (c == '`')
+ {
+ backquote++;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (c == '$' && ((string[i + 1] == LPAREN) || (string[i + 1] == LBRACE)))
+ {
+ si = i + 2;
+ if (string[i + 1] == LPAREN)
+ ret = extract_command_subst (string, &si, SX_NOALLOC);
+ else
+ ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 1, SX_NOALLOC);
+
+ i = si + 1;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (c != '"')
+ {
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+ else
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (c)
+ i++;
+
+ return (i);
+}
+
+/* Extract the contents of STRING as if it is enclosed in single quotes.
+ SINDEX, when passed in, is the offset of the character immediately
+ following the opening single quote; on exit, SINDEX is left pointing after
+ the closing single quote. */
+static inline char *
+string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex)
+ char *string;
+ int *sindex;
+{
+ register int i;
+ size_t slen;
+ char *t;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ /* Don't need slen for ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
+ slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 0;
+ i = *sindex;
+ while (string[i] && string[i] != '\'')
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+
+ t = substring (string, *sindex, i);
+
+ if (string[i])
+ i++;
+ *sindex = i;
+
+ return (t);
+}
+
+static inline int
+skip_single_quoted (string, slen, sind)
+ const char *string;
+ size_t slen;
+ int sind;
+{
+ register int c;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ c = sind;
+ while (string[c] && string[c] != '\'')
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, c);
+
+ if (string[c])
+ c++;
+ return c;
+}
+
+/* Just like string_extract, but doesn't hack backslashes or any of
+ that other stuff. Obeys CTLESC quoting. Used to do splitting on $IFS. */
+static char *
+string_extract_verbatim (string, slen, sindex, charlist, flags)
+ char *string;
+ size_t slen;
+ int *sindex;
+ char *charlist;
+ int flags;
+{
+ register int i;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ size_t clen;
+ wchar_t *wcharlist;
+#endif
+ int c;
+ char *temp;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ if (charlist[0] == '\'' && charlist[1] == '\0')
+ {
+ temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex);
+ --*sindex; /* leave *sindex at separator character */
+ return temp;
+ }
+
+ i = *sindex;
+#if 0
+ /* See how the MBLEN and ADVANCE_CHAR macros work to understand why we need
+ this only if MB_CUR_MAX > 1. */
+ slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 1;
+#endif
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ clen = strlen (charlist);
+ wcharlist = 0;
+#endif
+ while (c = string[i])
+ {
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ size_t mblength;
+#endif
+ if ((flags & SX_NOCTLESC) == 0 && c == CTLESC)
+ {
+ i += 2;
+ continue;
+ }
+ /* Even if flags contains SX_NOCTLESC, we let CTLESC quoting CTLNUL
+ through, to protect the CTLNULs from later calls to
+ remove_quoted_nulls. */
+ else if ((flags & SX_NOESCCTLNUL) == 0 && c == CTLESC && string[i+1] == CTLNUL)
+ {
+ i += 2;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ mblength = MBLEN (string + i, slen - i);
+ if (mblength > 1)
+ {
+ wchar_t wc;
+ mblength = mbtowc (&wc, string + i, slen - i);
+ if (MB_INVALIDCH (mblength))
+ {
+ if (MEMBER (c, charlist))
+ break;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (wcharlist == 0)
+ {
+ size_t len;
+ len = mbstowcs (wcharlist, charlist, 0);
+ if (len == -1)
+ len = 0;
+ wcharlist = (wchar_t *)xmalloc (sizeof (wchar_t) * (len + 1));
+ mbstowcs (wcharlist, charlist, len + 1);
+ }
+
+ if (wcschr (wcharlist, wc))
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+#endif
+ if (MEMBER (c, charlist))
+ break;
+
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ }
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ FREE (wcharlist);
+#endif
+
+ temp = substring (string, *sindex, i);
+ *sindex = i;
+
+ return (temp);
+}
+
+/* Extract the $( construct in STRING, and return a new string.
+ Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$(".
+ Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching ")". )
+ XFLAGS is additional flags to pass to other extraction functions. */
+char *
+extract_command_subst (string, sindex, xflags)
+ char *string;
+ int *sindex;
+ int xflags;
+{
+ if (string[*sindex] == LPAREN)
+ return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, "$(", "(", ")", xflags|SX_COMMAND)); /*)*/
+ else
+ {
+ xflags |= (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error ? SX_NOLONGJMP : 0);
+ return (xparse_dolparen (string, string+*sindex, sindex, xflags));
+ }
+}
+
+/* Extract the $[ construct in STRING, and return a new string. (])
+ Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$[".
+ Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching "]". */
+char *
+extract_arithmetic_subst (string, sindex)
+ char *string;
+ int *sindex;
+{
+ return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, "$[", "[", "]", 0)); /*]*/
+}
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+/* Extract the <( or >( construct in STRING, and return a new string.
+ Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "<(".
+ Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching ")". */ /*))*/
+char *
+extract_process_subst (string, starter, sindex)
+ char *string;
+ char *starter;
+ int *sindex;
+{
+ return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, starter, "(", ")", 0));
+}
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+/* This can be fooled by unquoted right parens in the passed string. If
+ each caller verifies that the last character in STRING is a right paren,
+ we don't even need to call extract_delimited_string. */
+char *
+extract_array_assignment_list (string, sindex)
+ char *string;
+ int *sindex;
+{
+ int slen;
+ char *ret;
+
+ slen = strlen (string); /* ( */
+ if (string[slen - 1] == ')')
+ {
+ ret = substring (string, *sindex, slen - 1);
+ *sindex = slen - 1;
+ return ret;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Extract and create a new string from the contents of STRING, a
+ character string delimited with OPENER and CLOSER. SINDEX is
+ the address of an int describing the current offset in STRING;
+ it should point to just after the first OPENER found. On exit,
+ SINDEX gets the position of the last character of the matching CLOSER.
+ If OPENER is more than a single character, ALT_OPENER, if non-null,
+ contains a character string that can also match CLOSER and thus
+ needs to be skipped. */
+static char *
+extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, opener, alt_opener, closer, flags)
+ char *string;
+ int *sindex;
+ char *opener, *alt_opener, *closer;
+ int flags;
+{
+ int i, c, si;
+ size_t slen;
+ char *t, *result;
+ int pass_character, nesting_level, in_comment;
+ int len_closer, len_opener, len_alt_opener;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex;
+ len_opener = STRLEN (opener);
+ len_alt_opener = STRLEN (alt_opener);
+ len_closer = STRLEN (closer);
+
+ pass_character = in_comment = 0;
+
+ nesting_level = 1;
+ i = *sindex;
+
+ while (nesting_level)
+ {
+ c = string[i];
+
+ if (c == 0)
+ break;
+
+ if (in_comment)
+ {
+ if (c == '\n')
+ in_comment = 0;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (pass_character) /* previous char was backslash */
+ {
+ pass_character = 0;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Not exactly right yet; should handle shell metacharacters and
+ multibyte characters, too. See COMMENT_BEGIN define in parse.y */
+ if ((flags & SX_COMMAND) && c == '#' && (i == 0 || string[i - 1] == '\n' || shellblank (string[i - 1])))
+ {
+ in_comment = 1;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (c == CTLESC || c == '\\')
+ {
+ pass_character++;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Process a nested OPENER. */
+ if (STREQN (string + i, opener, len_opener))
+ {
+ si = i + len_opener;
+ t = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, opener, alt_opener, closer, flags|SX_NOALLOC);
+ i = si + 1;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Process a nested ALT_OPENER */
+ if (len_alt_opener && STREQN (string + i, alt_opener, len_alt_opener))
+ {
+ si = i + len_alt_opener;
+ t = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, alt_opener, alt_opener, closer, flags|SX_NOALLOC);
+ i = si + 1;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* If the current substring terminates the delimited string, decrement
+ the nesting level. */
+ if (STREQN (string + i, closer, len_closer))
+ {
+ i += len_closer - 1; /* move to last byte of the closer */
+ nesting_level--;
+ if (nesting_level == 0)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* Pass old-style command substitution through verbatim. */
+ if (c == '`')
+ {
+ si = i + 1;
+ t = string_extract (string, &si, "`", flags|SX_NOALLOC);
+ i = si + 1;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Pass single-quoted and double-quoted strings through verbatim. */
+ if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
+ {
+ si = i + 1;
+ i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, si)
+ : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, si);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* move past this character, which was not special. */
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ }
+
+ if (c == 0 && nesting_level)
+ {
+ if (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error == 0)
+ {
+ report_error (_("bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"), closer, string);
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ *sindex = i;
+ return (char *)NULL;
+ }
+ }
+
+ si = i - *sindex - len_closer + 1;
+ if (flags & SX_NOALLOC)
+ result = (char *)NULL;
+ else
+ {
+ result = (char *)xmalloc (1 + si);
+ strncpy (result, string + *sindex, si);
+ result[si] = '\0';
+ }
+ *sindex = i;
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* Extract a parameter expansion expression within ${ and } from STRING.
+ Obey the Posix.2 rules for finding the ending `}': count braces while
+ skipping over enclosed quoted strings and command substitutions.
+ SINDEX is the address of an int describing the current offset in STRING;
+ it should point to just after the first `{' found. On exit, SINDEX
+ gets the position of the matching `}'. QUOTED is non-zero if this
+ occurs inside double quotes. */
+/* XXX -- this is very similar to extract_delimited_string -- XXX */
+static char *
+extract_dollar_brace_string (string, sindex, quoted, flags)
+ char *string;
+ int *sindex, quoted, flags;
+{
+ register int i, c;
+ size_t slen;
+ int pass_character, nesting_level, si;
+ char *result, *t;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ pass_character = 0;
+ nesting_level = 1;
+ slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex;
+
+ i = *sindex;
+ while (c = string[i])
+ {
+ if (pass_character)
+ {
+ pass_character = 0;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* CTLESCs and backslashes quote the next character. */
+ if (c == CTLESC || c == '\\')
+ {
+ pass_character++;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LBRACE)
+ {
+ nesting_level++;
+ i += 2;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (c == RBRACE)
+ {
+ nesting_level--;
+ if (nesting_level == 0)
+ break;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Pass the contents of old-style command substitutions through
+ verbatim. */
+ if (c == '`')
+ {
+ si = i + 1;
+ t = string_extract (string, &si, "`", flags|SX_NOALLOC);
+ i = si + 1;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Pass the contents of new-style command substitutions and
+ arithmetic substitutions through verbatim. */
+ if (string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LPAREN)
+ {
+ si = i + 2;
+ t = extract_command_subst (string, &si, flags|SX_NOALLOC);
+ i = si + 1;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Pass the contents of single-quoted and double-quoted strings
+ through verbatim. */
+ if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
+ {
+ si = i + 1;
+ i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, si)
+ : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, si);
+ /* skip_XXX_quoted leaves index one past close quote */
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* move past this character, which was not special. */
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ }
+
+ if (c == 0 && nesting_level)
+ {
+ if (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error == 0)
+ { /* { */
+ report_error (_("bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"), "}", string);
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ *sindex = i;
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ }
+ }
+
+ result = (flags & SX_NOALLOC) ? (char *)NULL : substring (string, *sindex, i);
+ *sindex = i;
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* Remove backslashes which are quoting backquotes from STRING. Modifies
+ STRING, and returns a pointer to it. */
+char *
+de_backslash (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ register size_t slen;
+ register int i, j, prev_i;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ slen = strlen (string);
+ i = j = 0;
+
+ /* Loop copying string[i] to string[j], i >= j. */
+ while (i < slen)
+ {
+ if (string[i] == '\\' && (string[i + 1] == '`' || string[i + 1] == '\\' ||
+ string[i + 1] == '$'))
+ i++;
+ prev_i = i;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ if (j < prev_i)
+ do string[j++] = string[prev_i++]; while (prev_i < i);
+ else
+ j = i;
+ }
+ string[j] = '\0';
+
+ return (string);
+}
+
+#if 0
+/*UNUSED*/
+/* Replace instances of \! in a string with !. */
+void
+unquote_bang (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ register int i, j;
+ register char *temp;
+
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (1 + strlen (string));
+
+ for (i = 0, j = 0; (temp[j] = string[i]); i++, j++)
+ {
+ if (string[i] == '\\' && string[i + 1] == '!')
+ {
+ temp[j] = '!';
+ i++;
+ }
+ }
+ strcpy (string, temp);
+ free (temp);
+}
+#endif
+
+#define CQ_RETURN(x) do { no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 0; return (x); } while (0)
+
+/* This function assumes s[i] == open; returns with s[ret] == close; used to
+ parse array subscripts. FLAGS & 1 means to not attempt to skip over
+ matched pairs of quotes or backquotes, or skip word expansions; it is
+ intended to be used after expansion has been performed and during final
+ assignment parsing (see arrayfunc.c:assign_compound_array_list()). */
+static int
+skip_matched_pair (string, start, open, close, flags)
+ const char *string;
+ int start, open, close, flags;
+{
+ int i, pass_next, backq, si, c, count;
+ size_t slen;
+ char *temp, *ss;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ slen = strlen (string + start) + start;
+ no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
+
+ i = start + 1; /* skip over leading bracket */
+ count = 1;
+ pass_next = backq = 0;
+ ss = (char *)string;
+ while (c = string[i])
+ {
+ if (pass_next)
+ {
+ pass_next = 0;
+ if (c == 0)
+ CQ_RETURN(i);
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (c == '\\')
+ {
+ pass_next = 1;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (backq)
+ {
+ if (c == '`')
+ backq = 0;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if ((flags & 1) == 0 && c == '`')
+ {
+ backq = 1;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if ((flags & 1) == 0 && c == open)
+ {
+ count++;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (c == close)
+ {
+ count--;
+ if (count == 0)
+ break;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if ((flags & 1) == 0 && (c == '\'' || c == '"'))
+ {
+ i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (ss, slen, ++i)
+ : skip_double_quoted (ss, slen, ++i);
+ /* no increment, the skip functions increment past the closing quote. */
+ }
+ else if ((flags&1) == 0 && c == '$' && (string[i+1] == LPAREN || string[i+1] == LBRACE))
+ {
+ si = i + 2;
+ if (string[si] == '\0')
+ CQ_RETURN(si);
+
+ if (string[i+1] == LPAREN)
+ temp = extract_delimited_string (ss, &si, "$(", "(", ")", SX_NOALLOC|SX_COMMAND); /* ) */
+ else
+ temp = extract_dollar_brace_string (ss, &si, 0, SX_NOALLOC);
+ i = si;
+ if (string[i] == '\0') /* don't increment i past EOS in loop */
+ break;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ }
+
+ CQ_RETURN(i);
+}
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+int
+skipsubscript (string, start, flags)
+ const char *string;
+ int start, flags;
+{
+ return (skip_matched_pair (string, start, '[', ']', flags));
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Skip characters in STRING until we find a character in DELIMS, and return
+ the index of that character. START is the index into string at which we
+ begin. This is similar in spirit to strpbrk, but it returns an index into
+ STRING and takes a starting index. This little piece of code knows quite
+ a lot of shell syntax. It's very similar to skip_double_quoted and other
+ functions of that ilk. */
+int
+skip_to_delim (string, start, delims, flags)
+ char *string;
+ int start;
+ char *delims;
+ int flags;
+{
+ int i, pass_next, backq, si, c, invert, skipquote, skipcmd;
+ size_t slen;
+ char *temp;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ slen = strlen (string + start) + start;
+ if (flags & SD_NOJMP)
+ no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
+ invert = (flags & SD_INVERT);
+ skipcmd = (flags & SD_NOSKIPCMD) == 0;
+
+ i = start;
+ pass_next = backq = 0;
+ while (c = string[i])
+ {
+ /* If this is non-zero, we should not let quote characters be delimiters
+ and the current character is a single or double quote. We should not
+ test whether or not it's a delimiter until after we skip single- or
+ double-quoted strings. */
+ skipquote = ((flags & SD_NOQUOTEDELIM) && (c == '\'' || c =='"'));
+ if (pass_next)
+ {
+ pass_next = 0;
+ if (c == 0)
+ CQ_RETURN(i);
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (c == '\\')
+ {
+ pass_next = 1;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (backq)
+ {
+ if (c == '`')
+ backq = 0;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (c == '`')
+ {
+ backq = 1;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (skipquote == 0 && invert == 0 && member (c, delims))
+ break;
+ else if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
+ {
+ i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++i)
+ : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++i);
+ /* no increment, the skip functions increment past the closing quote. */
+ }
+ else if (c == '$' && ((skipcmd && string[i+1] == LPAREN) || string[i+1] == LBRACE))
+ {
+ si = i + 2;
+ if (string[si] == '\0')
+ CQ_RETURN(si);
+
+ if (string[i+1] == LPAREN)
+ temp = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, "$(", "(", ")", SX_NOALLOC|SX_COMMAND); /* ) */
+ else
+ temp = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 0, SX_NOALLOC);
+ i = si;
+ if (string[i] == '\0') /* don't increment i past EOS in loop */
+ break;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ else if (skipcmd && (c == '<' || c == '>') && string[i+1] == LPAREN)
+ {
+ si = i + 2;
+ if (string[si] == '\0')
+ CQ_RETURN(si);
+ temp = extract_process_subst (string, (c == '<') ? "<(" : ">(", &si);
+ i = si;
+ if (string[i] == '\0')
+ break;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+ else if ((skipquote || invert) && (member (c, delims) == 0))
+ break;
+ else
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ }
+
+ CQ_RETURN(i);
+}
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+/* Return 1 if the portion of STRING ending at EINDEX is quoted (there is
+ an unclosed quoted string), or if the character at EINDEX is quoted
+ by a backslash. NO_LONGJMP_ON_FATAL_ERROR is used to flag that the various
+ single and double-quoted string parsing functions should not return an
+ error if there are unclosed quotes or braces. The characters that this
+ recognizes need to be the same as the contents of
+ rl_completer_quote_characters. */
+
+int
+char_is_quoted (string, eindex)
+ char *string;
+ int eindex;
+{
+ int i, pass_next, c;
+ size_t slen;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ slen = strlen (string);
+ no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
+ i = pass_next = 0;
+ while (i <= eindex)
+ {
+ c = string[i];
+
+ if (pass_next)
+ {
+ pass_next = 0;
+ if (i >= eindex) /* XXX was if (i >= eindex - 1) */
+ CQ_RETURN(1);
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (c == '\\')
+ {
+ pass_next = 1;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
+ {
+ i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++i)
+ : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++i);
+ if (i > eindex)
+ CQ_RETURN(1);
+ /* no increment, the skip_xxx functions go one past end */
+ }
+ else
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ }
+
+ CQ_RETURN(0);
+}
+
+int
+unclosed_pair (string, eindex, openstr)
+ char *string;
+ int eindex;
+ char *openstr;
+{
+ int i, pass_next, openc, olen;
+ size_t slen;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ slen = strlen (string);
+ olen = strlen (openstr);
+ i = pass_next = openc = 0;
+ while (i <= eindex)
+ {
+ if (pass_next)
+ {
+ pass_next = 0;
+ if (i >= eindex) /* XXX was if (i >= eindex - 1) */
+ return 0;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (string[i] == '\\')
+ {
+ pass_next = 1;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (STREQN (string + i, openstr, olen))
+ {
+ openc = 1 - openc;
+ i += olen;
+ }
+ else if (string[i] == '\'' || string[i] == '"')
+ {
+ i = (string[i] == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, i)
+ : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, i);
+ if (i > eindex)
+ return 0;
+ }
+ else
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ }
+ return (openc);
+}
+
+/* Split STRING (length SLEN) at DELIMS, and return a WORD_LIST with the
+ individual words. If DELIMS is NULL, the current value of $IFS is used
+ to split the string, and the function follows the shell field splitting
+ rules. SENTINEL is an index to look for. NWP, if non-NULL,
+ gets the number of words in the returned list. CWP, if non-NULL, gets
+ the index of the word containing SENTINEL. Non-whitespace chars in
+ DELIMS delimit separate fields. */
+WORD_LIST *
+split_at_delims (string, slen, delims, sentinel, flags, nwp, cwp)
+ char *string;
+ int slen;
+ char *delims;
+ int sentinel, flags;
+ int *nwp, *cwp;
+{
+ int ts, te, i, nw, cw, ifs_split, dflags;
+ char *token, *d, *d2;
+ WORD_LIST *ret, *tl;
+
+ if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+ {
+ if (nwp)
+ *nwp = 0;
+ if (cwp)
+ *cwp = 0;
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ }
+
+ d = (delims == 0) ? ifs_value : delims;
+ ifs_split = delims == 0;
+
+ /* Make d2 the non-whitespace characters in delims */
+ d2 = 0;
+ if (delims)
+ {
+ size_t slength;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ size_t mblength = 1;
+#endif
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ slength = strlen (delims);
+ d2 = (char *)xmalloc (slength + 1);
+ i = ts = 0;
+ while (delims[i])
+ {
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ mbstate_t state_bak;
+ state_bak = state;
+ mblength = MBRLEN (delims + i, slength, &state);
+ if (MB_INVALIDCH (mblength))
+ state = state_bak;
+ else if (mblength > 1)
+ {
+ memcpy (d2 + ts, delims + i, mblength);
+ ts += mblength;
+ i += mblength;
+ slength -= mblength;
+ continue;
+ }
+#endif
+ if (whitespace (delims[i]) == 0)
+ d2[ts++] = delims[i];
+
+ i++;
+ slength--;
+ }
+ d2[ts] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ ret = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+ /* Remove sequences of whitespace characters at the start of the string, as
+ long as those characters are delimiters. */
+ for (i = 0; member (string[i], d) && spctabnl (string[i]); i++)
+ ;
+ if (string[i] == '\0')
+ return (ret);
+
+ ts = i;
+ nw = 0;
+ cw = -1;
+ dflags = flags|SD_NOJMP;
+ while (1)
+ {
+ te = skip_to_delim (string, ts, d, dflags);
+
+ /* If we have a non-whitespace delimiter character, use it to make a
+ separate field. This is just about what $IFS splitting does and
+ is closer to the behavior of the shell parser. */
+ if (ts == te && d2 && member (string[ts], d2))
+ {
+ te = ts + 1;
+ /* If we're using IFS splitting, the non-whitespace delimiter char
+ and any additional IFS whitespace delimits a field. */
+ if (ifs_split)
+ while (member (string[te], d) && spctabnl (string[te]))
+ te++;
+ else
+ while (member (string[te], d2))
+ te++;
+ }
+
+ token = substring (string, ts, te);
+
+ ret = add_string_to_list (token, ret);
+ free (token);
+ nw++;
+
+ if (sentinel >= ts && sentinel <= te)
+ cw = nw;
+
+ /* If the cursor is at whitespace just before word start, set the
+ sentinel word to the current word. */
+ if (cwp && cw == -1 && sentinel == ts-1)
+ cw = nw;
+
+ /* If the cursor is at whitespace between two words, make a new, empty
+ word, add it before (well, after, since the list is in reverse order)
+ the word we just added, and set the current word to that one. */
+ if (cwp && cw == -1 && sentinel < ts)
+ {
+ tl = make_word_list (make_word (""), ret->next);
+ ret->next = tl;
+ cw = nw;
+ nw++;
+ }
+
+ if (string[te] == 0)
+ break;
+
+ i = te;
+ while (member (string[i], d) && (ifs_split || spctabnl(string[i])))
+ i++;
+
+ if (string[i])
+ ts = i;
+ else
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* Special case for SENTINEL at the end of STRING. If we haven't found
+ the word containing SENTINEL yet, and the index we're looking for is at
+ the end of STRING (or past the end of the previously-found token,
+ possible if the end of the line is composed solely of IFS whitespace)
+ add an additional null argument and set the current word pointer to that. */
+ if (cwp && cw == -1 && (sentinel >= slen || sentinel >= te))
+ {
+ if (whitespace (string[sentinel - 1]))
+ {
+ token = "";
+ ret = add_string_to_list (token, ret);
+ nw++;
+ }
+ cw = nw;
+ }
+
+ if (nwp)
+ *nwp = nw;
+ if (cwp)
+ *cwp = cw;
+
+ return (REVERSE_LIST (ret, WORD_LIST *));
+}
+#endif /* READLINE */
+
+#if 0
+/* UNUSED */
+/* Extract the name of the variable to bind to from the assignment string. */
+char *
+assignment_name (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ int offset;
+ char *temp;
+
+ offset = assignment (string, 0);
+ if (offset == 0)
+ return (char *)NULL;
+ temp = substring (string, 0, offset);
+ return (temp);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Functions to convert strings to WORD_LISTs and vice versa */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Return a single string of all the words in LIST. SEP is the separator
+ to put between individual elements of LIST in the output string. */
+char *
+string_list_internal (list, sep)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ char *sep;
+{
+ register WORD_LIST *t;
+ char *result, *r;
+ int word_len, sep_len, result_size;
+
+ if (list == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ /* Short-circuit quickly if we don't need to separate anything. */
+ if (list->next == 0)
+ return (savestring (list->word->word));
+
+ /* This is nearly always called with either sep[0] == 0 or sep[1] == 0. */
+ sep_len = STRLEN (sep);
+ result_size = 0;
+
+ for (t = list; t; t = t->next)
+ {
+ if (t != list)
+ result_size += sep_len;
+ result_size += strlen (t->word->word);
+ }
+
+ r = result = (char *)xmalloc (result_size + 1);
+
+ for (t = list; t; t = t->next)
+ {
+ if (t != list && sep_len)
+ {
+ if (sep_len > 1)
+ {
+ FASTCOPY (sep, r, sep_len);
+ r += sep_len;
+ }
+ else
+ *r++ = sep[0];
+ }
+
+ word_len = strlen (t->word->word);
+ FASTCOPY (t->word->word, r, word_len);
+ r += word_len;
+ }
+
+ *r = '\0';
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, separating
+ each word with a space. */
+char *
+string_list (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ return (string_list_internal (list, " "));
+}
+
+/* An external interface that can be used by the rest of the shell to
+ obtain a string containing the first character in $IFS. Handles all
+ the multibyte complications. If LENP is non-null, it is set to the
+ length of the returned string. */
+char *
+ifs_firstchar (lenp)
+ int *lenp;
+{
+ char *ret;
+ int len;
+
+ ret = xmalloc (MB_LEN_MAX + 1);
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (ifs_firstc_len == 1)
+ {
+ ret[0] = ifs_firstc[0];
+ ret[1] = '\0';
+ len = ret[0] ? 1 : 0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ memcpy (ret, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len);
+ ret[len = ifs_firstc_len] = '\0';
+ }
+#else
+ ret[0] = ifs_firstc;
+ ret[1] = '\0';
+ len = ret[0] ? 0 : 1;
+#endif
+
+ if (lenp)
+ *lenp = len;
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, obeying the
+ quoting rules for "$*", to wit: (P1003.2, draft 11, 3.5.2) "If the
+ expansion [of $*] appears within a double quoted string, it expands
+ to a single field with the value of each parameter separated by the
+ first character of the IFS variable, or by a <space> if IFS is unset." */
+char *
+string_list_dollar_star (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ char *ret;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+# if defined (__GNUC__)
+ char sep[MB_CUR_MAX + 1];
+# else
+ char *sep = 0;
+# endif
+#else
+ char sep[2];
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+# if !defined (__GNUC__)
+ sep = (char *)xmalloc (MB_CUR_MAX + 1);
+# endif /* !__GNUC__ */
+ if (ifs_firstc_len == 1)
+ {
+ sep[0] = ifs_firstc[0];
+ sep[1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ memcpy (sep, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len);
+ sep[ifs_firstc_len] = '\0';
+ }
+#else
+ sep[0] = ifs_firstc;
+ sep[1] = '\0';
+#endif
+
+ ret = string_list_internal (list, sep);
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) && !defined (__GNUC__)
+ free (sep);
+#endif
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Turn $@ into a string. If (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+ is non-zero, the $@ appears within double quotes, and we should quote
+ the list before converting it into a string. If IFS is unset, and the
+ word is not quoted, we just need to quote CTLESC and CTLNUL characters
+ in the words in the list, because the default value of $IFS is
+ <space><tab><newline>, IFS characters in the words in the list should
+ also be split. If IFS is null, and the word is not quoted, we need
+ to quote the words in the list to preserve the positional parameters
+ exactly. */
+char *
+string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ char *ifs, *ret;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+# if defined (__GNUC__)
+ char sep[MB_CUR_MAX + 1];
+# else
+ char *sep = 0;
+# endif /* !__GNUC__ */
+#else
+ char sep[2];
+#endif
+ WORD_LIST *tlist;
+
+ /* XXX this could just be ifs = ifs_value; */
+ ifs = ifs_var ? value_cell (ifs_var) : (char *)0;
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+# if !defined (__GNUC__)
+ sep = (char *)xmalloc (MB_CUR_MAX + 1);
+# endif /* !__GNUC__ */
+ if (ifs && *ifs)
+ {
+ if (ifs_firstc_len == 1)
+ {
+ sep[0] = ifs_firstc[0];
+ sep[1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ memcpy (sep, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len);
+ sep[ifs_firstc_len] = '\0';
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ sep[0] = ' ';
+ sep[1] = '\0';
+ }
+#else
+ sep[0] = (ifs == 0 || *ifs == 0) ? ' ' : *ifs;
+ sep[1] = '\0';
+#endif
+
+ /* XXX -- why call quote_list if ifs == 0? we can get away without doing
+ it now that quote_escapes quotes spaces */
+#if 0
+ tlist = ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || (ifs && *ifs == 0))
+#else
+ tlist = (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_PATQUOTE))
+#endif
+ ? quote_list (list)
+ : list_quote_escapes (list);
+
+ ret = string_list_internal (tlist, sep);
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) && !defined (__GNUC__)
+ free (sep);
+#endif
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Turn the positional paramters into a string, understanding quoting and
+ the various subtleties of using the first character of $IFS as the
+ separator. Calls string_list_dollar_at, string_list_dollar_star, and
+ string_list as appropriate. */
+char *
+string_list_pos_params (pchar, list, quoted)
+ int pchar;
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ char *ret;
+ WORD_LIST *tlist;
+
+ if (pchar == '*' && (quoted & Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+ {
+ tlist = quote_list (list);
+ word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (tlist);
+ ret = string_list_dollar_star (tlist);
+ }
+ else if (pchar == '*' && (quoted & Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
+ {
+ tlist = quote_list (list);
+ word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (tlist);
+ ret = string_list (tlist);
+ }
+ else if (pchar == '*')
+ {
+ /* Even when unquoted, string_list_dollar_star does the right thing
+ making sure that the first character of $IFS is used as the
+ separator. */
+ ret = string_list_dollar_star (list);
+ }
+ else if (pchar == '@' && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+ /* We use string_list_dollar_at, but only if the string is quoted, since
+ that quotes the escapes if it's not, which we don't want. We could
+ use string_list (the old code did), but that doesn't do the right
+ thing if the first character of $IFS is not a space. We use
+ string_list_dollar_star if the string is unquoted so we make sure that
+ the elements of $@ are separated by the first character of $IFS for
+ later splitting. */
+ ret = string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted);
+ else if (pchar == '@')
+ ret = string_list_dollar_star (list);
+ else
+ ret = string_list ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) ? quote_list (list) : list);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Return the list of words present in STRING. Separate the string into
+ words at any of the characters found in SEPARATORS. If QUOTED is
+ non-zero then word in the list will have its quoted flag set, otherwise
+ the quoted flag is left as make_word () deemed fit.
+
+ This obeys the P1003.2 word splitting semantics. If `separators' is
+ exactly <space><tab><newline>, then the splitting algorithm is that of
+ the Bourne shell, which treats any sequence of characters from `separators'
+ as a delimiter. If IFS is unset, which results in `separators' being set
+ to "", no splitting occurs. If separators has some other value, the
+ following rules are applied (`IFS white space' means zero or more
+ occurrences of <space>, <tab>, or <newline>, as long as those characters
+ are in `separators'):
+
+ 1) IFS white space is ignored at the start and the end of the
+ string.
+ 2) Each occurrence of a character in `separators' that is not
+ IFS white space, along with any adjacent occurrences of
+ IFS white space delimits a field.
+ 3) Any nonzero-length sequence of IFS white space delimits a field.
+ */
+
+/* BEWARE! list_string strips null arguments. Don't call it twice and
+ expect to have "" preserved! */
+
+/* This performs word splitting and quoted null character removal on
+ STRING. */
+#define issep(c) \
+ (((separators)[0]) ? ((separators)[1] ? isifs(c) \
+ : (c) == (separators)[0]) \
+ : 0)
+
+WORD_LIST *
+list_string (string, separators, quoted)
+ register char *string, *separators;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *result;
+ WORD_DESC *t;
+ char *current_word, *s;
+ int sindex, sh_style_split, whitesep, xflags;
+ size_t slen;
+
+ if (!string || !*string)
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ sh_style_split = separators && separators[0] == ' ' &&
+ separators[1] == '\t' &&
+ separators[2] == '\n' &&
+ separators[3] == '\0';
+ for (xflags = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++)
+ {
+ if (*s == CTLESC) xflags |= SX_NOCTLESC;
+ else if (*s == CTLNUL) xflags |= SX_NOESCCTLNUL;
+ }
+
+ slen = 0;
+ /* Remove sequences of whitespace at the beginning of STRING, as
+ long as those characters appear in IFS. Do not do this if
+ STRING is quoted or if there are no separator characters. */
+ if (!quoted || !separators || !*separators)
+ {
+ for (s = string; *s && spctabnl (*s) && issep (*s); s++);
+
+ if (!*s)
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ string = s;
+ }
+
+ /* OK, now STRING points to a word that does not begin with white space.
+ The splitting algorithm is:
+ extract a word, stopping at a separator
+ skip sequences of spc, tab, or nl as long as they are separators
+ This obeys the field splitting rules in Posix.2. */
+ slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 1;
+ for (result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL, sindex = 0; string[sindex]; )
+ {
+ /* Don't need string length in ADVANCE_CHAR or string_extract_verbatim
+ unless multibyte chars are possible. */
+ current_word = string_extract_verbatim (string, slen, &sindex, separators, xflags);
+ if (current_word == 0)
+ break;
+
+ /* If we have a quoted empty string, add a quoted null argument. We
+ want to preserve the quoted null character iff this is a quoted
+ empty string; otherwise the quoted null characters are removed
+ below. */
+ if (QUOTED_NULL (current_word))
+ {
+ t = alloc_word_desc ();
+ t->word = make_quoted_char ('\0');
+ t->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ result = make_word_list (t, result);
+ }
+ else if (current_word[0] != '\0')
+ {
+ /* If we have something, then add it regardless. However,
+ perform quoted null character removal on the current word. */
+ remove_quoted_nulls (current_word);
+ result = add_string_to_list (current_word, result);
+ result->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL; /* just to be sure */
+ if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
+ result->word->flags |= W_QUOTED;
+ }
+
+ /* If we're not doing sequences of separators in the traditional
+ Bourne shell style, then add a quoted null argument. */
+ else if (!sh_style_split && !spctabnl (string[sindex]))
+ {
+ t = alloc_word_desc ();
+ t->word = make_quoted_char ('\0');
+ t->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ result = make_word_list (t, result);
+ }
+
+ free (current_word);
+
+ /* Note whether or not the separator is IFS whitespace, used later. */
+ whitesep = string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]);
+
+ /* Move past the current separator character. */
+ if (string[sindex])
+ {
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex);
+ }
+
+ /* Now skip sequences of space, tab, or newline characters if they are
+ in the list of separators. */
+ while (string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]) && issep (string[sindex]))
+ sindex++;
+
+ /* If the first separator was IFS whitespace and the current character
+ is a non-whitespace IFS character, it should be part of the current
+ field delimiter, not a separate delimiter that would result in an
+ empty field. Look at POSIX.2, 3.6.5, (3)(b). */
+ if (string[sindex] && whitesep && issep (string[sindex]) && !spctabnl (string[sindex]))
+ {
+ sindex++;
+ /* An IFS character that is not IFS white space, along with any
+ adjacent IFS white space, shall delimit a field. (SUSv3) */
+ while (string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]) && isifs (string[sindex]))
+ sindex++;
+ }
+ }
+ return (REVERSE_LIST (result, WORD_LIST *));
+}
+
+/* Parse a single word from STRING, using SEPARATORS to separate fields.
+ ENDPTR is set to the first character after the word. This is used by
+ the `read' builtin. This is never called with SEPARATORS != $IFS;
+ it should be simplified.
+
+ XXX - this function is very similar to list_string; they should be
+ combined - XXX */
+char *
+get_word_from_string (stringp, separators, endptr)
+ char **stringp, *separators, **endptr;
+{
+ register char *s;
+ char *current_word;
+ int sindex, sh_style_split, whitesep, xflags;
+ size_t slen;
+
+ if (!stringp || !*stringp || !**stringp)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ sh_style_split = separators && separators[0] == ' ' &&
+ separators[1] == '\t' &&
+ separators[2] == '\n' &&
+ separators[3] == '\0';
+ for (xflags = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++)
+ {
+ if (*s == CTLESC) xflags |= SX_NOCTLESC;
+ if (*s == CTLNUL) xflags |= SX_NOESCCTLNUL;
+ }
+
+ s = *stringp;
+ slen = 0;
+
+ /* Remove sequences of whitespace at the beginning of STRING, as
+ long as those characters appear in IFS. */
+ if (sh_style_split || !separators || !*separators)
+ {
+ for (; *s && spctabnl (*s) && isifs (*s); s++);
+
+ /* If the string is nothing but whitespace, update it and return. */
+ if (!*s)
+ {
+ *stringp = s;
+ if (endptr)
+ *endptr = s;
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* OK, S points to a word that does not begin with white space.
+ Now extract a word, stopping at a separator, save a pointer to
+ the first character after the word, then skip sequences of spc,
+ tab, or nl as long as they are separators.
+
+ This obeys the field splitting rules in Posix.2. */
+ sindex = 0;
+ /* Don't need string length in ADVANCE_CHAR or string_extract_verbatim
+ unless multibyte chars are possible. */
+ slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (s) : 1;
+ current_word = string_extract_verbatim (s, slen, &sindex, separators, xflags);
+
+ /* Set ENDPTR to the first character after the end of the word. */
+ if (endptr)
+ *endptr = s + sindex;
+
+ /* Note whether or not the separator is IFS whitespace, used later. */
+ whitesep = s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]);
+
+ /* Move past the current separator character. */
+ if (s[sindex])
+ {
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (s, slen, sindex);
+ }
+
+ /* Now skip sequences of space, tab, or newline characters if they are
+ in the list of separators. */
+ while (s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]) && isifs (s[sindex]))
+ sindex++;
+
+ /* If the first separator was IFS whitespace and the current character is
+ a non-whitespace IFS character, it should be part of the current field
+ delimiter, not a separate delimiter that would result in an empty field.
+ Look at POSIX.2, 3.6.5, (3)(b). */
+ if (s[sindex] && whitesep && isifs (s[sindex]) && !spctabnl (s[sindex]))
+ {
+ sindex++;
+ /* An IFS character that is not IFS white space, along with any adjacent
+ IFS white space, shall delimit a field. */
+ while (s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]) && isifs (s[sindex]))
+ sindex++;
+ }
+
+ /* Update STRING to point to the next field. */
+ *stringp = s + sindex;
+ return (current_word);
+}
+
+/* Remove IFS white space at the end of STRING. Start at the end
+ of the string and walk backwards until the beginning of the string
+ or we find a character that's not IFS white space and not CTLESC.
+ Only let CTLESC escape a white space character if SAW_ESCAPE is
+ non-zero. */
+char *
+strip_trailing_ifs_whitespace (string, separators, saw_escape)
+ char *string, *separators;
+ int saw_escape;
+{
+ char *s;
+
+ s = string + STRLEN (string) - 1;
+ while (s > string && ((spctabnl (*s) && isifs (*s)) ||
+ (saw_escape && *s == CTLESC && spctabnl (s[1]))))
+ s--;
+ *++s = '\0';
+ return string;
+}
+
+#if 0
+/* UNUSED */
+/* Split STRING into words at whitespace. Obeys shell-style quoting with
+ backslashes, single and double quotes. */
+WORD_LIST *
+list_string_with_quotes (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ char *token, *s;
+ size_t s_len;
+ int c, i, tokstart, len;
+
+ for (s = string; s && *s && spctabnl (*s); s++)
+ ;
+ if (s == 0 || *s == 0)
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ s_len = strlen (s);
+ tokstart = i = 0;
+ list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+ while (1)
+ {
+ c = s[i];
+ if (c == '\\')
+ {
+ i++;
+ if (s[i])
+ i++;
+ }
+ else if (c == '\'')
+ i = skip_single_quoted (s, s_len, ++i);
+ else if (c == '"')
+ i = skip_double_quoted (s, s_len, ++i);
+ else if (c == 0 || spctabnl (c))
+ {
+ /* We have found the end of a token. Make a word out of it and
+ add it to the word list. */
+ token = substring (s, tokstart, i);
+ list = add_string_to_list (token, list);
+ free (token);
+ while (spctabnl (s[i]))
+ i++;
+ if (s[i])
+ tokstart = i;
+ else
+ break;
+ }
+ else
+ i++; /* normal character */
+ }
+ return (REVERSE_LIST (list, WORD_LIST *));
+}
+#endif
+
+/********************************************************/
+/* */
+/* Functions to perform assignment statements */
+/* */
+/********************************************************/
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static SHELL_VAR *
+do_compound_assignment (name, value, flags)
+ char *name, *value;
+ int flags;
+{
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+ int mklocal, mkassoc;
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+
+ mklocal = flags & ASS_MKLOCAL;
+ mkassoc = flags & ASS_MKASSOC;
+
+ if (mklocal && variable_context)
+ {
+ v = find_variable (name);
+ list = expand_compound_array_assignment (v, value, flags);
+ if (mkassoc)
+ v = make_local_assoc_variable (name);
+ else if (v == 0 || (array_p (v) == 0 && assoc_p (v) == 0) || v->context != variable_context)
+ v = make_local_array_variable (name);
+ assign_compound_array_list (v, list, flags);
+ }
+ else
+ v = assign_array_from_string (name, value, flags);
+
+ return (v);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Given STRING, an assignment string, get the value of the right side
+ of the `=', and bind it to the left side. If EXPAND is true, then
+ perform parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+ expansion on the right-hand side. Perform tilde expansion in any
+ case. Do not perform word splitting on the result of expansion. */
+static int
+do_assignment_internal (word, expand)
+ const WORD_DESC *word;
+ int expand;
+{
+ int offset, tlen, appendop, assign_list, aflags, retval;
+ char *name, *value;
+ SHELL_VAR *entry;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ char *t;
+ int ni;
+#endif
+ const char *string;
+
+ if (word == 0 || word->word == 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ appendop = assign_list = aflags = 0;
+ string = word->word;
+ offset = assignment (string, 0);
+ name = savestring (string);
+ value = (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (name[offset] == '=')
+ {
+ char *temp;
+
+ if (name[offset - 1] == '+')
+ {
+ appendop = 1;
+ name[offset - 1] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ name[offset] = 0; /* might need this set later */
+ temp = name + offset + 1;
+ tlen = STRLEN (temp);
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (expand && (word->flags & W_COMPASSIGN))
+ {
+ assign_list = ni = 1;
+ value = extract_array_assignment_list (temp, &ni);
+ }
+ else
+#endif
+ if (expand && temp[0])
+ value = expand_string_if_necessary (temp, 0, expand_string_assignment);
+ else
+ value = savestring (temp);
+ }
+
+ if (value == 0)
+ {
+ value = (char *)xmalloc (1);
+ value[0] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ if (echo_command_at_execute)
+ {
+ if (appendop)
+ name[offset - 1] = '+';
+ xtrace_print_assignment (name, value, assign_list, 1);
+ if (appendop)
+ name[offset - 1] = '\0';
+ }
+
+#define ASSIGN_RETURN(r) do { FREE (value); free (name); return (r); } while (0)
+
+ if (appendop)
+ aflags |= ASS_APPEND;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (t = mbschr (name, '[')) /*]*/
+ {
+ if (assign_list)
+ {
+ report_error (_("%s: cannot assign list to array member"), name);
+ ASSIGN_RETURN (0);
+ }
+ entry = assign_array_element (name, value, aflags);
+ if (entry == 0)
+ ASSIGN_RETURN (0);
+ }
+ else if (assign_list)
+ {
+ if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNARG)
+ aflags |= ASS_MKLOCAL;
+ if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNASSOC)
+ aflags |= ASS_MKASSOC;
+ entry = do_compound_assignment (name, value, aflags);
+ }
+ else
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+ entry = bind_variable (name, value, aflags);
+
+ stupidly_hack_special_variables (name);
+
+#if 1
+ /* Return 1 if the assignment seems to have been performed correctly. */
+ if (entry == 0 || readonly_p (entry))
+ retval = 0; /* assignment failure */
+ else if (noassign_p (entry))
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ retval = 1; /* error status, but not assignment failure */
+ }
+ else
+ retval = 1;
+
+ if (entry && retval != 0 && noassign_p (entry) == 0)
+ VUNSETATTR (entry, att_invisible);
+
+ ASSIGN_RETURN (retval);
+#else
+ if (entry)
+ VUNSETATTR (entry, att_invisible);
+
+ ASSIGN_RETURN (entry ? ((readonly_p (entry) == 0) && noassign_p (entry) == 0) : 0);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Perform the assignment statement in STRING, and expand the
+ right side by doing tilde, command and parameter expansion. */
+int
+do_assignment (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ WORD_DESC td;
+
+ td.flags = W_ASSIGNMENT;
+ td.word = string;
+
+ return do_assignment_internal (&td, 1);
+}
+
+int
+do_word_assignment (word)
+ WORD_DESC *word;
+{
+ return do_assignment_internal (word, 1);
+}
+
+/* Given STRING, an assignment string, get the value of the right side
+ of the `=', and bind it to the left side. Do not perform any word
+ expansions on the right hand side. */
+int
+do_assignment_no_expand (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ WORD_DESC td;
+
+ td.flags = W_ASSIGNMENT;
+ td.word = string;
+
+ return (do_assignment_internal (&td, 0));
+}
+
+/***************************************************
+ * *
+ * Functions to manage the positional parameters *
+ * *
+ ***************************************************/
+
+/* Return the word list that corresponds to `$*'. */
+WORD_LIST *
+list_rest_of_args ()
+{
+ register WORD_LIST *list, *args;
+ int i;
+
+ /* Break out of the loop as soon as one of the dollar variables is null. */
+ for (i = 1, list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; i < 10 && dollar_vars[i]; i++)
+ list = make_word_list (make_bare_word (dollar_vars[i]), list);
+
+ for (args = rest_of_args; args; args = args->next)
+ list = make_word_list (make_bare_word (args->word->word), list);
+
+ return (REVERSE_LIST (list, WORD_LIST *));
+}
+
+int
+number_of_args ()
+{
+ register WORD_LIST *list;
+ int n;
+
+ for (n = 0; n < 9 && dollar_vars[n+1]; n++)
+ ;
+ for (list = rest_of_args; list; list = list->next)
+ n++;
+ return n;
+}
+
+/* Return the value of a positional parameter. This handles values > 10. */
+char *
+get_dollar_var_value (ind)
+ intmax_t ind;
+{
+ char *temp;
+ WORD_LIST *p;
+
+ if (ind < 10)
+ temp = dollar_vars[ind] ? savestring (dollar_vars[ind]) : (char *)NULL;
+ else /* We want something like ${11} */
+ {
+ ind -= 10;
+ for (p = rest_of_args; p && ind--; p = p->next)
+ ;
+ temp = p ? savestring (p->word->word) : (char *)NULL;
+ }
+ return (temp);
+}
+
+/* Make a single large string out of the dollar digit variables,
+ and the rest_of_args. If DOLLAR_STAR is 1, then obey the special
+ case of "$*" with respect to IFS. */
+char *
+string_rest_of_args (dollar_star)
+ int dollar_star;
+{
+ register WORD_LIST *list;
+ char *string;
+
+ list = list_rest_of_args ();
+ string = dollar_star ? string_list_dollar_star (list) : string_list (list);
+ dispose_words (list);
+ return (string);
+}
+
+/* Return a string containing the positional parameters from START to
+ END, inclusive. If STRING[0] == '*', we obey the rules for $*,
+ which only makes a difference if QUOTED is non-zero. If QUOTED includes
+ Q_HERE_DOCUMENT or Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, this returns a quoted list, otherwise
+ no quoting chars are added. */
+static char *
+pos_params (string, start, end, quoted)
+ char *string;
+ int start, end, quoted;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *save, *params, *h, *t;
+ char *ret;
+ int i;
+
+ /* see if we can short-circuit. if start == end, we want 0 parameters. */
+ if (start == end)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ save = params = list_rest_of_args ();
+ if (save == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ if (start == 0) /* handle ${@:0[:x]} specially */
+ {
+ t = make_word_list (make_word (dollar_vars[0]), params);
+ save = params = t;
+ }
+
+ for (i = start ? 1 : 0; params && i < start; i++)
+ params = params->next;
+ if (params == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ for (h = t = params; params && i < end; i++)
+ {
+ t = params;
+ params = params->next;
+ }
+
+ t->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+ ret = string_list_pos_params (string[0], h, quoted);
+
+ if (t != params)
+ t->next = params;
+
+ dispose_words (save);
+ return (ret);
+}
+
+/******************************************************************/
+/* */
+/* Functions to expand strings to strings or WORD_LISTs */
+/* */
+/******************************************************************/
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+#define EXP_CHAR(s) (s == '$' || s == '`' || s == '<' || s == '>' || s == CTLESC || s == '~')
+#else
+#define EXP_CHAR(s) (s == '$' || s == '`' || s == CTLESC || s == '~')
+#endif
+
+/* If there are any characters in STRING that require full expansion,
+ then call FUNC to expand STRING; otherwise just perform quote
+ removal if necessary. This returns a new string. */
+static char *
+expand_string_if_necessary (string, quoted, func)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+ EXPFUNC *func;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ size_t slen;
+ int i, saw_quote;
+ char *ret;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ /* Don't need string length for ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
+ slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 0;
+ i = saw_quote = 0;
+ while (string[i])
+ {
+ if (EXP_CHAR (string[i]))
+ break;
+ else if (string[i] == '\'' || string[i] == '\\' || string[i] == '"')
+ saw_quote = 1;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ }
+
+ if (string[i])
+ {
+ list = (*func) (string, quoted);
+ if (list)
+ {
+ ret = string_list (list);
+ dispose_words (list);
+ }
+ else
+ ret = (char *)NULL;
+ }
+ else if (saw_quote && ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) == 0))
+ ret = string_quote_removal (string, quoted);
+ else
+ ret = savestring (string);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static inline char *
+expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, func)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+ EXPFUNC *func;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ char *ret;
+
+ if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ list = (*func) (string, quoted);
+ if (list)
+ {
+ ret = string_list (list);
+ dispose_words (list);
+ }
+ else
+ ret = (char *)NULL;
+
+ return (ret);
+}
+
+char *
+expand_string_to_string (string, quoted)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ return (expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, expand_string));
+}
+
+char *
+expand_string_unsplit_to_string (string, quoted)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ return (expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, expand_string_unsplit));
+}
+
+char *
+expand_assignment_string_to_string (string, quoted)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ return (expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, expand_string_assignment));
+}
+
+char *
+expand_arith_string (string, quoted)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ return (expand_string_if_necessary (string, quoted, expand_string));
+}
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+/* Just remove backslashes in STRING. Returns a new string. */
+char *
+remove_backslashes (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ char *r, *ret, *s;
+
+ r = ret = (char *)xmalloc (strlen (string) + 1);
+ for (s = string; s && *s; )
+ {
+ if (*s == '\\')
+ s++;
+ if (*s == 0)
+ break;
+ *r++ = *s++;
+ }
+ *r = '\0';
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* This needs better error handling. */
+/* Expand W for use as an argument to a unary or binary operator in a
+ [[...]] expression. If SPECIAL is 1, this is the rhs argument
+ to the != or == operator, and should be treated as a pattern. In
+ this case, we quote the string specially for the globbing code. If
+ SPECIAL is 2, this is an rhs argument for the =~ operator, and should
+ be quoted appropriately for regcomp/regexec. The caller is responsible
+ for removing the backslashes if the unquoted word is needed later. */
+char *
+cond_expand_word (w, special)
+ WORD_DESC *w;
+ int special;
+{
+ char *r, *p;
+ WORD_LIST *l;
+ int qflags;
+
+ if (w->word == 0 || w->word[0] == '\0')
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ w->flags |= W_NOSPLIT2;
+ l = call_expand_word_internal (w, 0, 0, (int *)0, (int *)0);
+ if (l)
+ {
+ if (special == 0)
+ {
+ dequote_list (l);
+ r = string_list (l);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ qflags = QGLOB_CVTNULL;
+ if (special == 2)
+ qflags |= QGLOB_REGEXP;
+ p = string_list (l);
+ r = quote_string_for_globbing (p, qflags);
+ free (p);
+ }
+ dispose_words (l);
+ }
+ else
+ r = (char *)NULL;
+
+ return r;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Call expand_word_internal to expand W and handle error returns.
+ A convenience function for functions that don't want to handle
+ any errors or free any memory before aborting. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+call_expand_word_internal (w, q, i, c, e)
+ WORD_DESC *w;
+ int q, i, *c, *e;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *result;
+
+ result = expand_word_internal (w, q, i, c, e);
+ if (result == &expand_word_error || result == &expand_word_fatal)
+ {
+ /* By convention, each time this error is returned, w->word has
+ already been freed (it sometimes may not be in the fatal case,
+ but that doesn't result in a memory leak because we're going
+ to exit in most cases). */
+ w->word = (char *)NULL;
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ exp_jump_to_top_level ((result == &expand_word_error) ? DISCARD : FORCE_EOF);
+ /* NOTREACHED */
+ }
+ else
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* Perform parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+ expansion on STRING, as if it were a word. Leave the result quoted. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+expand_string_internal (string, quoted)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ WORD_DESC td;
+ WORD_LIST *tresult;
+
+ if (string == 0 || *string == 0)
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ td.flags = 0;
+ td.word = savestring (string);
+
+ tresult = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+
+ FREE (td.word);
+ return (tresult);
+}
+
+/* Expand STRING by performing parameter expansion, command substitution,
+ and arithmetic expansion. Dequote the resulting WORD_LIST before
+ returning it, but do not perform word splitting. The call to
+ remove_quoted_nulls () is in here because word splitting normally
+ takes care of quote removal. */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_string_unsplit (string, quoted)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *value;
+
+ if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1;
+ value = expand_string_internal (string, quoted);
+ expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
+
+ if (value)
+ {
+ if (value->word)
+ {
+ remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word);
+ value->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ }
+ dequote_list (value);
+ }
+ return (value);
+}
+
+/* Expand the rhs of an assignment statement */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_string_assignment (string, quoted)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ WORD_DESC td;
+ WORD_LIST *value;
+
+ if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1;
+
+ td.flags = W_ASSIGNRHS;
+ td.word = savestring (string);
+ value = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+ FREE (td.word);
+
+ expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
+
+ if (value)
+ {
+ if (value->word)
+ {
+ remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word);
+ value->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ }
+ dequote_list (value);
+ }
+ return (value);
+}
+
+
+/* Expand one of the PS? prompt strings. This is a sort of combination of
+ expand_string_unsplit and expand_string_internal, but returns the
+ passed string when an error occurs. Might want to trap other calls
+ to jump_to_top_level here so we don't endlessly loop. */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_prompt_string (string, quoted, wflags)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+ int wflags;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *value;
+ WORD_DESC td;
+
+ if (string == 0 || *string == 0)
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ td.flags = wflags;
+ td.word = savestring (string);
+
+ no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
+ value = expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+ no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 0;
+
+ if (value == &expand_word_error || value == &expand_word_fatal)
+ {
+ value = make_word_list (make_bare_word (string), (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ return value;
+ }
+ FREE (td.word);
+ if (value)
+ {
+ if (value->word)
+ {
+ remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word);
+ value->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ }
+ dequote_list (value);
+ }
+ return (value);
+}
+
+/* Expand STRING just as if you were expanding a word, but do not dequote
+ the resultant WORD_LIST. This is called only from within this file,
+ and is used to correctly preserve quoted characters when expanding
+ things like ${1+"$@"}. This does parameter expansion, command
+ substitution, arithmetic expansion, and word splitting. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+expand_string_leave_quoted (string, quoted)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *tlist;
+ WORD_LIST *tresult;
+
+ if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ tlist = expand_string_internal (string, quoted);
+
+ if (tlist)
+ {
+ tresult = word_list_split (tlist);
+ dispose_words (tlist);
+ return (tresult);
+ }
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+}
+
+/* This does not perform word splitting or dequote the WORD_LIST
+ it returns. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+expand_string_for_rhs (string, quoted, dollar_at_p, has_dollar_at)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted, *dollar_at_p, *has_dollar_at;
+{
+ WORD_DESC td;
+ WORD_LIST *tresult;
+
+ if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+ return (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+ td.flags = 0;
+ td.word = string;
+ tresult = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 1, dollar_at_p, has_dollar_at);
+ return (tresult);
+}
+
+/* Expand STRING just as if you were expanding a word. This also returns
+ a list of words. Note that filename globbing is *NOT* done for word
+ or string expansion, just when the shell is expanding a command. This
+ does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+ and word splitting. Dequote the resultant WORD_LIST before returning. */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_string (string, quoted)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *result;
+
+ if (string == 0 || *string == '\0')
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ result = expand_string_leave_quoted (string, quoted);
+ return (result ? dequote_list (result) : result);
+}
+
+/***************************************************
+ * *
+ * Functions to handle quoting chars *
+ * *
+ ***************************************************/
+
+/* Conventions:
+
+ A string with s[0] == CTLNUL && s[1] == 0 is a quoted null string.
+ The parser passes CTLNUL as CTLESC CTLNUL. */
+
+/* Quote escape characters in string s, but no other characters. This is
+ used to protect CTLESC and CTLNUL in variable values from the rest of
+ the word expansion process after the variable is expanded (word splitting
+ and filename generation). If IFS is null, we quote spaces as well, just
+ in case we split on spaces later (in the case of unquoted $@, we will
+ eventually attempt to split the entire word on spaces). Corresponding
+ code exists in dequote_escapes. Even if we don't end up splitting on
+ spaces, quoting spaces is not a problem. This should never be called on
+ a string that is quoted with single or double quotes or part of a here
+ document (effectively double-quoted). */
+char *
+quote_escapes (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ register char *s, *t;
+ size_t slen;
+ char *result, *send;
+ int quote_spaces, skip_ctlesc, skip_ctlnul;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ slen = strlen (string);
+ send = string + slen;
+
+ quote_spaces = (ifs_value && *ifs_value == 0);
+
+ for (skip_ctlesc = skip_ctlnul = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++)
+ skip_ctlesc |= *s == CTLESC, skip_ctlnul |= *s == CTLNUL;
+
+ t = result = (char *)xmalloc ((slen * 2) + 1);
+ s = string;
+
+ while (*s)
+ {
+ if ((skip_ctlesc == 0 && *s == CTLESC) || (skip_ctlnul == 0 && *s == CTLNUL) || (quote_spaces && *s == ' '))
+ *t++ = CTLESC;
+ COPY_CHAR_P (t, s, send);
+ }
+ *t = '\0';
+ return (result);
+}
+
+static WORD_LIST *
+list_quote_escapes (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ register WORD_LIST *w;
+ char *t;
+
+ for (w = list; w; w = w->next)
+ {
+ t = w->word->word;
+ w->word->word = quote_escapes (t);
+ free (t);
+ }
+ return list;
+}
+
+/* Inverse of quote_escapes; remove CTLESC protecting CTLESC or CTLNUL.
+
+ The parser passes us CTLESC as CTLESC CTLESC and CTLNUL as CTLESC CTLNUL.
+ This is necessary to make unquoted CTLESC and CTLNUL characters in the
+ data stream pass through properly.
+
+ We need to remove doubled CTLESC characters inside quoted strings before
+ quoting the entire string, so we do not double the number of CTLESC
+ characters.
+
+ Also used by parts of the pattern substitution code. */
+char *
+dequote_escapes (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ register char *s, *t, *s1;
+ size_t slen;
+ char *result, *send;
+ int quote_spaces;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ if (string == 0)
+ return string;
+
+ slen = strlen (string);
+ send = string + slen;
+
+ t = result = (char *)xmalloc (slen + 1);
+
+ if (strchr (string, CTLESC) == 0)
+ return (strcpy (result, string));
+
+ quote_spaces = (ifs_value && *ifs_value == 0);
+
+ s = string;
+ while (*s)
+ {
+ if (*s == CTLESC && (s[1] == CTLESC || s[1] == CTLNUL || (quote_spaces && s[1] == ' ')))
+ {
+ s++;
+ if (*s == '\0')
+ break;
+ }
+ COPY_CHAR_P (t, s, send);
+ }
+ *t = '\0';
+ return result;
+}
+
+/* Return a new string with the quoted representation of character C.
+ This turns "" into QUOTED_NULL, so the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag needs to be
+ set in any resultant WORD_DESC where this value is the word. */
+static char *
+make_quoted_char (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ char *temp;
+
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ if (c == 0)
+ {
+ temp[0] = CTLNUL;
+ temp[1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ temp[0] = CTLESC;
+ temp[1] = c;
+ temp[2] = '\0';
+ }
+ return (temp);
+}
+
+/* Quote STRING, returning a new string. This turns "" into QUOTED_NULL, so
+ the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag needs to be set in any resultant WORD_DESC where
+ this value is the word. */
+char *
+quote_string (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ register char *t;
+ size_t slen;
+ char *result, *send;
+
+ if (*string == 0)
+ {
+ result = (char *)xmalloc (2);
+ result[0] = CTLNUL;
+ result[1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ slen = strlen (string);
+ send = string + slen;
+
+ result = (char *)xmalloc ((slen * 2) + 1);
+
+ for (t = result; string < send; )
+ {
+ *t++ = CTLESC;
+ COPY_CHAR_P (t, string, send);
+ }
+ *t = '\0';
+ }
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* De-quote quoted characters in STRING. */
+char *
+dequote_string (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ register char *s, *t;
+ size_t slen;
+ char *result, *send;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ slen = strlen (string);
+
+ t = result = (char *)xmalloc (slen + 1);
+
+ if (QUOTED_NULL (string))
+ {
+ result[0] = '\0';
+ return (result);
+ }
+
+ /* If no character in the string can be quoted, don't bother examining
+ each character. Just return a copy of the string passed to us. */
+ if (strchr (string, CTLESC) == NULL)
+ return (strcpy (result, string));
+
+ send = string + slen;
+ s = string;
+ while (*s)
+ {
+ if (*s == CTLESC)
+ {
+ s++;
+ if (*s == '\0')
+ break;
+ }
+ COPY_CHAR_P (t, s, send);
+ }
+
+ *t = '\0';
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* Quote the entire WORD_LIST list. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+quote_list (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ register WORD_LIST *w;
+ char *t;
+
+ for (w = list; w; w = w->next)
+ {
+ t = w->word->word;
+ w->word->word = quote_string (t);
+ if (*t == 0)
+ w->word->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; /* XXX - turn on W_HASQUOTEDNULL here? */
+ w->word->flags |= W_QUOTED;
+ free (t);
+ }
+ return list;
+}
+
+/* De-quote quoted characters in each word in LIST. */
+WORD_LIST *
+dequote_list (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ register char *s;
+ register WORD_LIST *tlist;
+
+ for (tlist = list; tlist; tlist = tlist->next)
+ {
+ s = dequote_string (tlist->word->word);
+ if (QUOTED_NULL (tlist->word->word))
+ tlist->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ free (tlist->word->word);
+ tlist->word->word = s;
+ }
+ return list;
+}
+
+/* Remove CTLESC protecting a CTLESC or CTLNUL in place. Return the passed
+ string. */
+char *
+remove_quoted_escapes (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ char *t;
+
+ if (string)
+ {
+ t = dequote_escapes (string);
+ strcpy (string, t);
+ free (t);
+ }
+
+ return (string);
+}
+
+/* Perform quoted null character removal on STRING. We don't allow any
+ quoted null characters in the middle or at the ends of strings because
+ of how expand_word_internal works. remove_quoted_nulls () turns
+ STRING into an empty string iff it only consists of a quoted null,
+ and removes all unquoted CTLNUL characters. */
+char *
+remove_quoted_nulls (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ register size_t slen;
+ register int i, j, prev_i;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ if (strchr (string, CTLNUL) == 0) /* XXX */
+ return string; /* XXX */
+
+ slen = strlen (string);
+ i = j = 0;
+
+ while (i < slen)
+ {
+ if (string[i] == CTLESC)
+ {
+ /* Old code had j++, but we cannot assume that i == j at this
+ point -- what if a CTLNUL has already been removed from the
+ string? We don't want to drop the CTLESC or recopy characters
+ that we've already copied down. */
+ i++; string[j++] = CTLESC;
+ if (i == slen)
+ break;
+ }
+ else if (string[i] == CTLNUL)
+ i++;
+
+ prev_i = i;
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+ if (j < prev_i)
+ {
+ do string[j++] = string[prev_i++]; while (prev_i < i);
+ }
+ else
+ j = i;
+ }
+ string[j] = '\0';
+
+ return (string);
+}
+
+/* Perform quoted null character removal on each element of LIST.
+ This modifies LIST. */
+void
+word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ register WORD_LIST *t;
+
+ for (t = list; t; t = t->next)
+ {
+ remove_quoted_nulls (t->word->word);
+ t->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ }
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Functions for Matching and Removing Patterns */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+#if 0 /* Currently unused */
+static unsigned char *
+mb_getcharlens (string, len)
+ char *string;
+ int len;
+{
+ int i, offset, last;
+ unsigned char *ret;
+ char *p;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ i = offset = 0;
+ last = 0;
+ ret = (unsigned char *)xmalloc (len);
+ memset (ret, 0, len);
+ while (string[last])
+ {
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, len, offset);
+ ret[last] = offset - last;
+ last = offset;
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* Remove the portion of PARAM matched by PATTERN according to OP, where OP
+ can have one of 4 values:
+ RP_LONG_LEFT remove longest matching portion at start of PARAM
+ RP_SHORT_LEFT remove shortest matching portion at start of PARAM
+ RP_LONG_RIGHT remove longest matching portion at end of PARAM
+ RP_SHORT_RIGHT remove shortest matching portion at end of PARAM
+*/
+
+#define RP_LONG_LEFT 1
+#define RP_SHORT_LEFT 2
+#define RP_LONG_RIGHT 3
+#define RP_SHORT_RIGHT 4
+
+static char *
+remove_upattern (param, pattern, op)
+ char *param, *pattern;
+ int op;
+{
+ register int len;
+ register char *end;
+ register char *p, *ret, c;
+
+ len = STRLEN (param);
+ end = param + len;
+
+ switch (op)
+ {
+ case RP_LONG_LEFT: /* remove longest match at start */
+ for (p = end; p >= param; p--)
+ {
+ c = *p; *p = '\0';
+ if (strmatch (pattern, param, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+ {
+ *p = c;
+ return (savestring (p));
+ }
+ *p = c;
+
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case RP_SHORT_LEFT: /* remove shortest match at start */
+ for (p = param; p <= end; p++)
+ {
+ c = *p; *p = '\0';
+ if (strmatch (pattern, param, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+ {
+ *p = c;
+ return (savestring (p));
+ }
+ *p = c;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case RP_LONG_RIGHT: /* remove longest match at end */
+ for (p = param; p <= end; p++)
+ {
+ if (strmatch (pattern, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+ {
+ c = *p; *p = '\0';
+ ret = savestring (param);
+ *p = c;
+ return (ret);
+ }
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case RP_SHORT_RIGHT: /* remove shortest match at end */
+ for (p = end; p >= param; p--)
+ {
+ if (strmatch (pattern, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+ {
+ c = *p; *p = '\0';
+ ret = savestring (param);
+ *p = c;
+ return (ret);
+ }
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return (savestring (param)); /* no match, return original string */
+}
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+static wchar_t *
+remove_wpattern (wparam, wstrlen, wpattern, op)
+ wchar_t *wparam;
+ size_t wstrlen;
+ wchar_t *wpattern;
+ int op;
+{
+ wchar_t wc, *ret;
+ int n;
+
+ switch (op)
+ {
+ case RP_LONG_LEFT: /* remove longest match at start */
+ for (n = wstrlen; n >= 0; n--)
+ {
+ wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0';
+ if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+ {
+ wparam[n] = wc;
+ return (wcsdup (wparam + n));
+ }
+ wparam[n] = wc;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case RP_SHORT_LEFT: /* remove shortest match at start */
+ for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++)
+ {
+ wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0';
+ if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+ {
+ wparam[n] = wc;
+ return (wcsdup (wparam + n));
+ }
+ wparam[n] = wc;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case RP_LONG_RIGHT: /* remove longest match at end */
+ for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++)
+ {
+ if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+ {
+ wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0';
+ ret = wcsdup (wparam);
+ wparam[n] = wc;
+ return (ret);
+ }
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case RP_SHORT_RIGHT: /* remove shortest match at end */
+ for (n = wstrlen; n >= 0; n--)
+ {
+ if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH)
+ {
+ wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0';
+ ret = wcsdup (wparam);
+ wparam[n] = wc;
+ return (ret);
+ }
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return (wcsdup (wparam)); /* no match, return original string */
+}
+#endif /* HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */
+
+static char *
+remove_pattern (param, pattern, op)
+ char *param, *pattern;
+ int op;
+{
+ if (param == NULL)
+ return (param);
+ if (*param == '\0' || pattern == NULL || *pattern == '\0') /* minor optimization */
+ return (savestring (param));
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
+ {
+ wchar_t *ret, *oret;
+ size_t n;
+ wchar_t *wparam, *wpattern;
+ mbstate_t ps;
+ char *xret;
+
+ n = xdupmbstowcs (&wpattern, NULL, pattern);
+ if (n == (size_t)-1)
+ return (remove_upattern (param, pattern, op));
+ n = xdupmbstowcs (&wparam, NULL, param);
+ if (n == (size_t)-1)
+ {
+ free (wpattern);
+ return (remove_upattern (param, pattern, op));
+ }
+ oret = ret = remove_wpattern (wparam, n, wpattern, op);
+
+ free (wparam);
+ free (wpattern);
+
+ n = strlen (param);
+ xret = (char *)xmalloc (n + 1);
+ memset (&ps, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+ n = wcsrtombs (xret, (const wchar_t **)&ret, n, &ps);
+ xret[n] = '\0'; /* just to make sure */
+ free (oret);
+ return xret;
+ }
+ else
+#endif
+ return (remove_upattern (param, pattern, op));
+}
+
+/* Return 1 of the first character of STRING could match the first
+ character of pattern PAT. Used to avoid n2 calls to strmatch(). */
+static int
+match_pattern_char (pat, string)
+ char *pat, *string;
+{
+ char c;
+
+ if (*string == 0)
+ return (0);
+
+ switch (c = *pat++)
+ {
+ default:
+ return (*string == c);
+ case '\\':
+ return (*string == *pat);
+ case '?':
+ return (*pat == LPAREN ? 1 : (*string != '\0'));
+ case '*':
+ return (1);
+ case '+':
+ case '!':
+ case '@':
+ return (*pat == LPAREN ? 1 : (*string == c));
+ case '[':
+ return (*string != '\0');
+ }
+}
+
+/* Match PAT anywhere in STRING and return the match boundaries.
+ This returns 1 in case of a successful match, 0 otherwise. SP
+ and EP are pointers into the string where the match begins and
+ ends, respectively. MTYPE controls what kind of match is attempted.
+ MATCH_BEG and MATCH_END anchor the match at the beginning and end
+ of the string, respectively. The longest match is returned. */
+static int
+match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep)
+ char *string, *pat;
+ int mtype;
+ char **sp, **ep;
+{
+ int c, len;
+ register char *p, *p1, *npat;
+ char *end;
+
+ /* If the pattern doesn't match anywhere in the string, go ahead and
+ short-circuit right away. A minor optimization, saves a bunch of
+ unnecessary calls to strmatch (up to N calls for a string of N
+ characters) if the match is unsuccessful. To preserve the semantics
+ of the substring matches below, we make sure that the pattern has
+ `*' as first and last character, making a new pattern if necessary. */
+ /* XXX - check this later if I ever implement `**' with special meaning,
+ since this will potentially result in `**' at the beginning or end */
+ len = STRLEN (pat);
+ if (pat[0] != '*' || (pat[0] == '*' && pat[1] == LPAREN && extended_glob) || pat[len - 1] != '*')
+ {
+ p = npat = (char *)xmalloc (len + 3);
+ p1 = pat;
+ if (*p1 != '*' || (*p1 == '*' && p1[1] == LPAREN && extended_glob))
+ *p++ = '*';
+ while (*p1)
+ *p++ = *p1++;
+ if (p1[-1] != '*' || p[-2] == '\\')
+ *p++ = '*';
+ *p = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ npat = pat;
+ c = strmatch (npat, string, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG);
+ if (npat != pat)
+ free (npat);
+ if (c == FNM_NOMATCH)
+ return (0);
+
+ len = STRLEN (string);
+ end = string + len;
+
+ switch (mtype)
+ {
+ case MATCH_ANY:
+ for (p = string; p <= end; p++)
+ {
+ if (match_pattern_char (pat, p))
+ {
+ for (p1 = end; p1 >= p; p1--)
+ {
+ c = *p1; *p1 = '\0';
+ if (strmatch (pat, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
+ {
+ *p1 = c;
+ *sp = p;
+ *ep = p1;
+ return 1;
+ }
+ *p1 = c;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ return (0);
+
+ case MATCH_BEG:
+ if (match_pattern_char (pat, string) == 0)
+ return (0);
+
+ for (p = end; p >= string; p--)
+ {
+ c = *p; *p = '\0';
+ if (strmatch (pat, string, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
+ {
+ *p = c;
+ *sp = string;
+ *ep = p;
+ return 1;
+ }
+ *p = c;
+ }
+
+ return (0);
+
+ case MATCH_END:
+ for (p = string; p <= end; p++)
+ {
+ if (strmatch (pat, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
+ {
+ *sp = p;
+ *ep = end;
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ return (0);
+ }
+
+ return (0);
+}
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+/* Return 1 of the first character of WSTRING could match the first
+ character of pattern WPAT. Wide character version. */
+static int
+match_pattern_wchar (wpat, wstring)
+ wchar_t *wpat, *wstring;
+{
+ wchar_t wc;
+
+ if (*wstring == 0)
+ return (0);
+
+ switch (wc = *wpat++)
+ {
+ default:
+ return (*wstring == wc);
+ case L'\\':
+ return (*wstring == *wpat);
+ case L'?':
+ return (*wpat == LPAREN ? 1 : (*wstring != L'\0'));
+ case L'*':
+ return (1);
+ case L'+':
+ case L'!':
+ case L'@':
+ return (*wpat == LPAREN ? 1 : (*wstring == wc));
+ case L'[':
+ return (*wstring != L'\0');
+ }
+}
+
+/* Match WPAT anywhere in WSTRING and return the match boundaries.
+ This returns 1 in case of a successful match, 0 otherwise. Wide
+ character version. */
+static int
+match_wpattern (wstring, indices, wstrlen, wpat, mtype, sp, ep)
+ wchar_t *wstring;
+ char **indices;
+ size_t wstrlen;
+ wchar_t *wpat;
+ int mtype;
+ char **sp, **ep;
+{
+ wchar_t wc, *wp, *nwpat, *wp1;
+ int len;
+#if 0
+ size_t n, n1; /* Apple's gcc seems to miscompile this badly */
+#else
+ int n, n1;
+#endif
+
+ /* If the pattern doesn't match anywhere in the string, go ahead and
+ short-circuit right away. A minor optimization, saves a bunch of
+ unnecessary calls to strmatch (up to N calls for a string of N
+ characters) if the match is unsuccessful. To preserve the semantics
+ of the substring matches below, we make sure that the pattern has
+ `*' as first and last character, making a new pattern if necessary. */
+ /* XXX - check this later if I ever implement `**' with special meaning,
+ since this will potentially result in `**' at the beginning or end */
+ len = wcslen (wpat);
+ if (wpat[0] != L'*' || (wpat[0] == L'*' && wpat[1] == WLPAREN && extended_glob) || wpat[len - 1] != L'*')
+ {
+ wp = nwpat = (wchar_t *)xmalloc ((len + 3) * sizeof (wchar_t));
+ wp1 = wpat;
+ if (*wp1 != L'*' || (*wp1 == '*' && wp1[1] == WLPAREN && extended_glob))
+ *wp++ = L'*';
+ while (*wp1 != L'\0')
+ *wp++ = *wp1++;
+ if (wp1[-1] != L'*' || wp1[-2] == L'\\')
+ *wp++ = L'*';
+ *wp = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ nwpat = wpat;
+ len = wcsmatch (nwpat, wstring, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG);
+ if (nwpat != wpat)
+ free (nwpat);
+ if (len == FNM_NOMATCH)
+ return (0);
+
+ switch (mtype)
+ {
+ case MATCH_ANY:
+ for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++)
+ {
+ if (match_pattern_wchar (wpat, wstring + n))
+ {
+ for (n1 = wstrlen; n1 >= n; n1--)
+ {
+ wc = wstring[n1]; wstring[n1] = L'\0';
+ if (wcsmatch (wpat, wstring + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
+ {
+ wstring[n1] = wc;
+ *sp = indices[n];
+ *ep = indices[n1];
+ return 1;
+ }
+ wstring[n1] = wc;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ return (0);
+
+ case MATCH_BEG:
+ if (match_pattern_wchar (wpat, wstring) == 0)
+ return (0);
+
+ for (n = wstrlen; n >= 0; n--)
+ {
+ wc = wstring[n]; wstring[n] = L'\0';
+ if (wcsmatch (wpat, wstring, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
+ {
+ wstring[n] = wc;
+ *sp = indices[0];
+ *ep = indices[n];
+ return 1;
+ }
+ wstring[n] = wc;
+ }
+
+ return (0);
+
+ case MATCH_END:
+ for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++)
+ {
+ if (wcsmatch (wpat, wstring + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0)
+ {
+ *sp = indices[n];
+ *ep = indices[wstrlen];
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return (0);
+ }
+
+ return (0);
+}
+#endif /* HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */
+
+static int
+match_pattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep)
+ char *string, *pat;
+ int mtype;
+ char **sp, **ep;
+{
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ int ret;
+ size_t n;
+ wchar_t *wstring, *wpat;
+ char **indices;
+#endif
+
+ if (string == 0 || *string == 0 || pat == 0 || *pat == 0)
+ return (0);
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
+ {
+ n = xdupmbstowcs (&wpat, NULL, pat);
+ if (n == (size_t)-1)
+ return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep));
+ n = xdupmbstowcs (&wstring, &indices, string);
+ if (n == (size_t)-1)
+ {
+ free (wpat);
+ return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep));
+ }
+ ret = match_wpattern (wstring, indices, n, wpat, mtype, sp, ep);
+
+ free (wpat);
+ free (wstring);
+ free (indices);
+
+ return (ret);
+ }
+ else
+#endif
+ return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep));
+}
+
+static int
+getpatspec (c, value)
+ int c;
+ char *value;
+{
+ if (c == '#')
+ return ((*value == '#') ? RP_LONG_LEFT : RP_SHORT_LEFT);
+ else /* c == '%' */
+ return ((*value == '%') ? RP_LONG_RIGHT : RP_SHORT_RIGHT);
+}
+
+/* Posix.2 says that the WORD should be run through tilde expansion,
+ parameter expansion, command substitution and arithmetic expansion.
+ This leaves the result quoted, so quote_string_for_globbing () has
+ to be called to fix it up for strmatch (). If QUOTED is non-zero,
+ it means that the entire expression was enclosed in double quotes.
+ This means that quoting characters in the pattern do not make any
+ special pattern characters quoted. For example, the `*' in the
+ following retains its special meaning: "${foo#'*'}". */
+static char *
+getpattern (value, quoted, expandpat)
+ char *value;
+ int quoted, expandpat;
+{
+ char *pat, *tword;
+ WORD_LIST *l;
+#if 0
+ int i;
+#endif
+ /* There is a problem here: how to handle single or double quotes in the
+ pattern string when the whole expression is between double quotes?
+ POSIX.2 says that enclosing double quotes do not cause the pattern to
+ be quoted, but does that leave us a problem with @ and array[@] and their
+ expansions inside a pattern? */
+#if 0
+ if (expandpat && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && *tword)
+ {
+ i = 0;
+ pat = string_extract_double_quoted (tword, &i, 1);
+ free (tword);
+ tword = pat;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ /* expand_string_for_rhs () leaves WORD quoted and does not perform
+ word splitting. */
+ l = *value ? expand_string_for_rhs (value,
+ (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) ? Q_PATQUOTE : quoted,
+ (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL)
+ : (WORD_LIST *)0;
+ pat = string_list (l);
+ dispose_words (l);
+ if (pat)
+ {
+ tword = quote_string_for_globbing (pat, QGLOB_CVTNULL);
+ free (pat);
+ pat = tword;
+ }
+ return (pat);
+}
+
+#if 0
+/* Handle removing a pattern from a string as a result of ${name%[%]value}
+ or ${name#[#]value}. */
+static char *
+variable_remove_pattern (value, pattern, patspec, quoted)
+ char *value, *pattern;
+ int patspec, quoted;
+{
+ char *tword;
+
+ tword = remove_pattern (value, pattern, patspec);
+
+ return (tword);
+}
+#endif
+
+static char *
+list_remove_pattern (list, pattern, patspec, itype, quoted)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ char *pattern;
+ int patspec, itype, quoted;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *new, *l;
+ WORD_DESC *w;
+ char *tword;
+
+ for (new = (WORD_LIST *)NULL, l = list; l; l = l->next)
+ {
+ tword = remove_pattern (l->word->word, pattern, patspec);
+ w = alloc_word_desc ();
+ w->word = tword ? tword : savestring ("");
+ new = make_word_list (w, new);
+ }
+
+ l = REVERSE_LIST (new, WORD_LIST *);
+ tword = string_list_pos_params (itype, l, quoted);
+ dispose_words (l);
+
+ return (tword);
+}
+
+static char *
+parameter_list_remove_pattern (itype, pattern, patspec, quoted)
+ int itype;
+ char *pattern;
+ int patspec, quoted;
+{
+ char *ret;
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+
+ list = list_rest_of_args ();
+ if (list == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ ret = list_remove_pattern (list, pattern, patspec, itype, quoted);
+ dispose_words (list);
+ return (ret);
+}
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static char *
+array_remove_pattern (var, pattern, patspec, varname, quoted)
+ SHELL_VAR *var;
+ char *pattern;
+ int patspec;
+ char *varname; /* so we can figure out how it's indexed */
+ int quoted;
+{
+ ARRAY *a;
+ HASH_TABLE *h;
+ int itype;
+ char *ret;
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+ /* compute itype from varname here */
+ v = array_variable_part (varname, &ret, 0);
+ itype = ret[0];
+
+ a = (v && array_p (v)) ? array_cell (v) : 0;
+ h = (v && assoc_p (v)) ? assoc_cell (v) : 0;
+
+ list = a ? array_to_word_list (a) : (h ? assoc_to_word_list (h) : 0);
+ if (list == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ ret = list_remove_pattern (list, pattern, patspec, itype, quoted);
+ dispose_words (list);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+
+static char *
+parameter_brace_remove_pattern (varname, value, patstr, rtype, quoted)
+ char *varname, *value, *patstr;
+ int rtype, quoted;
+{
+ int vtype, patspec, starsub;
+ char *temp1, *val, *pattern;
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+ if (value == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ this_command_name = varname;
+
+ vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, quoted, &v, &val);
+ if (vtype == -1)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
+ vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
+
+ patspec = getpatspec (rtype, patstr);
+ if (patspec == RP_LONG_LEFT || patspec == RP_LONG_RIGHT)
+ patstr++;
+
+ /* Need to pass getpattern newly-allocated memory in case of expansion --
+ the expansion code will free the passed string on an error. */
+ temp1 = savestring (patstr);
+ pattern = getpattern (temp1, quoted, 1);
+ free (temp1);
+
+ temp1 = (char *)NULL; /* shut up gcc */
+ switch (vtype)
+ {
+ case VT_VARIABLE:
+ case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
+ temp1 = remove_pattern (val, pattern, patspec);
+ if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
+ FREE (val);
+ if (temp1)
+ {
+ val = (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+ ? quote_string (temp1)
+ : quote_escapes (temp1);
+ free (temp1);
+ temp1 = val;
+ }
+ break;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ case VT_ARRAYVAR:
+ temp1 = array_remove_pattern (v, pattern, patspec, varname, quoted);
+ if (temp1 && ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) == 0))
+ {
+ val = quote_escapes (temp1);
+ free (temp1);
+ temp1 = val;
+ }
+ break;
+#endif
+ case VT_POSPARMS:
+ temp1 = parameter_list_remove_pattern (varname[0], pattern, patspec, quoted);
+ if (temp1 && ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) == 0))
+ {
+ val = quote_escapes (temp1);
+ free (temp1);
+ temp1 = val;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+
+ FREE (pattern);
+ return temp1;
+}
+
+/*******************************************
+ * *
+ * Functions to expand WORD_DESCs *
+ * *
+ *******************************************/
+
+/* Expand WORD, performing word splitting on the result. This does
+ parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+ word splitting, and quote removal. */
+
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_word (word, quoted)
+ WORD_DESC *word;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *result, *tresult;
+
+ tresult = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+ result = word_list_split (tresult);
+ dispose_words (tresult);
+ return (result ? dequote_list (result) : result);
+}
+
+/* Expand WORD, but do not perform word splitting on the result. This
+ does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+ and quote removal. */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_word_unsplit (word, quoted)
+ WORD_DESC *word;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *result;
+
+ expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (ifs_firstc[0] == 0)
+#else
+ if (ifs_firstc == 0)
+#endif
+ word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT;
+ result = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+ expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
+
+ return (result ? dequote_list (result) : result);
+}
+
+/* Perform shell expansions on WORD, but do not perform word splitting or
+ quote removal on the result. Virtually identical to expand_word_unsplit;
+ could be combined if implementations don't diverge. */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_word_leave_quoted (word, quoted)
+ WORD_DESC *word;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *result;
+
+ expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (ifs_firstc[0] == 0)
+#else
+ if (ifs_firstc == 0)
+#endif
+ word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT;
+ word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT2;
+ result = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+ expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0;
+
+ return result;
+}
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+
+/*****************************************************************/
+/* */
+/* Hacking Process Substitution */
+/* */
+/*****************************************************************/
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+/* Named pipes must be removed explicitly with `unlink'. This keeps a list
+ of FIFOs the shell has open. unlink_fifo_list will walk the list and
+ unlink all of them. add_fifo_list adds the name of an open FIFO to the
+ list. NFIFO is a count of the number of FIFOs in the list. */
+#define FIFO_INCR 20
+
+struct temp_fifo {
+ char *file;
+ pid_t proc;
+};
+
+static struct temp_fifo *fifo_list = (struct temp_fifo *)NULL;
+static int nfifo;
+static int fifo_list_size;
+
+static void
+add_fifo_list (pathname)
+ char *pathname;
+{
+ if (nfifo >= fifo_list_size - 1)
+ {
+ fifo_list_size += FIFO_INCR;
+ fifo_list = (struct temp_fifo *)xrealloc (fifo_list,
+ fifo_list_size * sizeof (struct temp_fifo));
+ }
+
+ fifo_list[nfifo].file = savestring (pathname);
+ nfifo++;
+}
+
+void
+unlink_fifo_list ()
+{
+ int saved, i, j;
+
+ if (nfifo == 0)
+ return;
+
+ for (i = saved = 0; i < nfifo; i++)
+ {
+ if ((fifo_list[i].proc == -1) || (kill(fifo_list[i].proc, 0) == -1))
+ {
+ unlink (fifo_list[i].file);
+ free (fifo_list[i].file);
+ fifo_list[i].file = (char *)NULL;
+ fifo_list[i].proc = -1;
+ }
+ else
+ saved++;
+ }
+
+ /* If we didn't remove some of the FIFOs, compact the list. */
+ if (saved)
+ {
+ for (i = j = 0; i < nfifo; i++)
+ if (fifo_list[i].file)
+ {
+ fifo_list[j].file = fifo_list[i].file;
+ fifo_list[j].proc = fifo_list[i].proc;
+ j++;
+ }
+ nfifo = j;
+ }
+ else
+ nfifo = 0;
+}
+
+int
+fifos_pending ()
+{
+ return nfifo;
+}
+
+static char *
+make_named_pipe ()
+{
+ char *tname;
+
+ tname = sh_mktmpname ("sh-np", MT_USERANDOM|MT_USETMPDIR);
+ if (mkfifo (tname, 0600) < 0)
+ {
+ free (tname);
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ }
+
+ add_fifo_list (tname);
+ return (tname);
+}
+
+#else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+/* DEV_FD_LIST is a bitmap of file descriptors attached to pipes the shell
+ has open to children. NFDS is a count of the number of bits currently
+ set in DEV_FD_LIST. TOTFDS is a count of the highest possible number
+ of open files. */
+static char *dev_fd_list = (char *)NULL;
+static int nfds;
+static int totfds; /* The highest possible number of open files. */
+
+static void
+add_fifo_list (fd)
+ int fd;
+{
+ if (!dev_fd_list || fd >= totfds)
+ {
+ int ofds;
+
+ ofds = totfds;
+ totfds = getdtablesize ();
+ if (totfds < 0 || totfds > 256)
+ totfds = 256;
+ if (fd >= totfds)
+ totfds = fd + 2;
+
+ dev_fd_list = (char *)xrealloc (dev_fd_list, totfds);
+ memset (dev_fd_list + ofds, '\0', totfds - ofds);
+ }
+
+ dev_fd_list[fd] = 1;
+ nfds++;
+}
+
+int
+fifos_pending ()
+{
+ return 0; /* used for cleanup; not needed with /dev/fd */
+}
+
+void
+unlink_fifo_list ()
+{
+ register int i;
+
+ if (nfds == 0)
+ return;
+
+ for (i = 0; nfds && i < totfds; i++)
+ if (dev_fd_list[i])
+ {
+ close (i);
+ dev_fd_list[i] = 0;
+ nfds--;
+ }
+
+ nfds = 0;
+}
+
+#if defined (NOTDEF)
+print_dev_fd_list ()
+{
+ register int i;
+
+ fprintf (stderr, "pid %ld: dev_fd_list:", (long)getpid ());
+ fflush (stderr);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < totfds; i++)
+ {
+ if (dev_fd_list[i])
+ fprintf (stderr, " %d", i);
+ }
+ fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+}
+#endif /* NOTDEF */
+
+static char *
+make_dev_fd_filename (fd)
+ int fd;
+{
+ char *ret, intbuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (int) + 1], *p;
+
+ ret = (char *)xmalloc (sizeof (DEV_FD_PREFIX) + 8);
+
+ strcpy (ret, DEV_FD_PREFIX);
+ p = inttostr (fd, intbuf, sizeof (intbuf));
+ strcpy (ret + sizeof (DEV_FD_PREFIX) - 1, p);
+
+ add_fifo_list (fd);
+ return (ret);
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+/* Return a filename that will open a connection to the process defined by
+ executing STRING. HAVE_DEV_FD, if defined, means open a pipe and return
+ a filename in /dev/fd corresponding to a descriptor that is one of the
+ ends of the pipe. If not defined, we use named pipes on systems that have
+ them. Systems without /dev/fd and named pipes are out of luck.
+
+ OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD, if 1, means open the named pipe for reading or
+ use the read end of the pipe and dup that file descriptor to fd 0 in
+ the child. If OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD is 0, we open the named pipe for
+ writing or use the write end of the pipe in the child, and dup that
+ file descriptor to fd 1 in the child. The parent does the opposite. */
+
+static char *
+process_substitute (string, open_for_read_in_child)
+ char *string;
+ int open_for_read_in_child;
+{
+ char *pathname;
+ int fd, result;
+ pid_t old_pid, pid;
+#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+ int parent_pipe_fd, child_pipe_fd;
+ int fildes[2];
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ pid_t old_pipeline_pgrp;
+#endif
+
+ if (!string || !*string || wordexp_only)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+ pathname = make_named_pipe ();
+#else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+ if (pipe (fildes) < 0)
+ {
+ sys_error (_("cannot make pipe for process substitution"));
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ }
+ /* If OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD == 1, we want to use the write end of
+ the pipe in the parent, otherwise the read end. */
+ parent_pipe_fd = fildes[open_for_read_in_child];
+ child_pipe_fd = fildes[1 - open_for_read_in_child];
+ /* Move the parent end of the pipe to some high file descriptor, to
+ avoid clashes with FDs used by the script. */
+ parent_pipe_fd = move_to_high_fd (parent_pipe_fd, 1, 64);
+
+ pathname = make_dev_fd_filename (parent_pipe_fd);
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+ if (pathname == 0)
+ {
+ sys_error (_("cannot make pipe for process substitution"));
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ }
+
+ old_pid = last_made_pid;
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ old_pipeline_pgrp = pipeline_pgrp;
+ pipeline_pgrp = shell_pgrp;
+ save_pipeline (1);
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ pid = make_child ((char *)NULL, 1);
+ if (pid == 0)
+ {
+ reset_terminating_signals (); /* XXX */
+ free_pushed_string_input ();
+ /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */
+ restore_original_signals ();
+ setup_async_signals ();
+ subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_COMSUB|SUBSHELL_PROCSUB;
+ }
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ set_sigchld_handler ();
+ stop_making_children ();
+ /* XXX - should we only do this in the parent? (as in command subst) */
+ pipeline_pgrp = old_pipeline_pgrp;
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ if (pid < 0)
+ {
+ sys_error (_("cannot make child for process substitution"));
+ free (pathname);
+#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+ close (parent_pipe_fd);
+ close (child_pipe_fd);
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ }
+
+ if (pid > 0)
+ {
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ restore_pipeline (1);
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+ fifo_list[nfifo-1].proc = pid;
+#endif
+
+ last_made_pid = old_pid;
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (PGRP_PIPE)
+ close_pgrp_pipe ();
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL && PGRP_PIPE */
+
+#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+ close (child_pipe_fd);
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+ return (pathname);
+ }
+
+ set_sigint_handler ();
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ set_job_control (0);
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+ /* Open the named pipe in the child. */
+ fd = open (pathname, open_for_read_in_child ? O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK : O_WRONLY);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ {
+ /* Two separate strings for ease of translation. */
+ if (open_for_read_in_child)
+ sys_error (_("cannot open named pipe %s for reading"), pathname);
+ else
+ sys_error (_("cannot open named pipe %s for writing"), pathname);
+
+ exit (127);
+ }
+ if (open_for_read_in_child)
+ {
+ if (sh_unset_nodelay_mode (fd) < 0)
+ {
+ sys_error (_("cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d"), fd);
+ exit (127);
+ }
+ }
+#else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+ fd = child_pipe_fd;
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+ if (dup2 (fd, open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1) < 0)
+ {
+ sys_error (_("cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d"), pathname,
+ open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1);
+ exit (127);
+ }
+
+ if (fd != (open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1))
+ close (fd);
+
+ /* Need to close any files that this process has open to pipes inherited
+ from its parent. */
+ if (current_fds_to_close)
+ {
+ close_fd_bitmap (current_fds_to_close);
+ current_fds_to_close = (struct fd_bitmap *)NULL;
+ }
+
+#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+ /* Make sure we close the parent's end of the pipe and clear the slot
+ in the fd list so it is not closed later, if reallocated by, for
+ instance, pipe(2). */
+ close (parent_pipe_fd);
+ dev_fd_list[parent_pipe_fd] = 0;
+#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+ result = parse_and_execute (string, "process substitution", (SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST));
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
+ /* Make sure we close the named pipe in the child before we exit. */
+ close (open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1);
+#endif /* !HAVE_DEV_FD */
+
+ exit (result);
+ /*NOTREACHED*/
+}
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+
+/***********************************/
+/* */
+/* Command Substitution */
+/* */
+/***********************************/
+
+static char *
+read_comsub (fd, quoted, rflag)
+ int fd, quoted;
+ int *rflag;
+{
+ char *istring, buf[128], *bufp, *s;
+ int istring_index, istring_size, c, tflag, skip_ctlesc, skip_ctlnul;
+ ssize_t bufn;
+
+ istring = (char *)NULL;
+ istring_index = istring_size = bufn = tflag = 0;
+
+ for (skip_ctlesc = skip_ctlnul = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++)
+ skip_ctlesc |= *s == CTLESC, skip_ctlnul |= *s == CTLNUL;
+
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+ setmode (fd, O_TEXT); /* we don't want CR/LF, we want Unix-style */
+#endif
+
+ /* Read the output of the command through the pipe. This may need to be
+ changed to understand multibyte characters in the future. */
+ while (1)
+ {
+ if (fd < 0)
+ break;
+ if (--bufn <= 0)
+ {
+ bufn = zread (fd, buf, sizeof (buf));
+ if (bufn <= 0)
+ break;
+ bufp = buf;
+ }
+ c = *bufp++;
+
+ if (c == 0)
+ {
+#if 0
+ internal_warning ("read_comsub: ignored null byte in input");
+#endif
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Add the character to ISTRING, possibly after resizing it. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 2, istring_size, DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
+
+ /* This is essentially quote_string inline */
+ if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) /* || c == CTLESC || c == CTLNUL */)
+ istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC;
+ /* Escape CTLESC and CTLNUL in the output to protect those characters
+ from the rest of the word expansions (word splitting and globbing.)
+ This is essentially quote_escapes inline. */
+ else if (skip_ctlesc == 0 && c == CTLESC)
+ {
+ tflag |= W_HASCTLESC;
+ istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC;
+ }
+ else if ((skip_ctlnul == 0 && c == CTLNUL) || (c == ' ' && (ifs_value && *ifs_value == 0)))
+ istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC;
+
+ istring[istring_index++] = c;
+
+#if 0
+#if defined (__CYGWIN__)
+ if (c == '\n' && istring_index > 1 && istring[istring_index - 2] == '\r')
+ {
+ istring_index--;
+ istring[istring_index - 1] = '\n';
+ }
+#endif
+#endif
+ }
+
+ if (istring)
+ istring[istring_index] = '\0';
+
+ /* If we read no output, just return now and save ourselves some
+ trouble. */
+ if (istring_index == 0)
+ {
+ FREE (istring);
+ if (rflag)
+ *rflag = tflag;
+ return (char *)NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* Strip trailing newlines from the output of the command. */
+ if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+ {
+ while (istring_index > 0)
+ {
+ if (istring[istring_index - 1] == '\n')
+ {
+ --istring_index;
+
+ /* If the newline was quoted, remove the quoting char. */
+ if (istring[istring_index - 1] == CTLESC)
+ --istring_index;
+ }
+ else
+ break;
+ }
+ istring[istring_index] = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ strip_trailing (istring, istring_index - 1, 1);
+
+ if (rflag)
+ *rflag = tflag;
+ return istring;
+}
+
+/* Perform command substitution on STRING. This returns a WORD_DESC * with the
+ contained string possibly quoted. */
+WORD_DESC *
+command_substitute (string, quoted)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ pid_t pid, old_pid, old_pipeline_pgrp, old_async_pid;
+ char *istring;
+ int result, fildes[2], function_value, pflags, rc, tflag;
+ WORD_DESC *ret;
+
+ istring = (char *)NULL;
+
+ /* Don't fork () if there is no need to. In the case of no command to
+ run, just return NULL. */
+ if (!string || !*string || (string[0] == '\n' && !string[1]))
+ return ((WORD_DESC *)NULL);
+
+ if (wordexp_only && read_but_dont_execute)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EX_WEXPCOMSUB;
+ jump_to_top_level (EXITPROG);
+ }
+
+ /* We're making the assumption here that the command substitution will
+ eventually run a command from the file system. Since we'll run
+ maybe_make_export_env in this subshell before executing that command,
+ the parent shell and any other shells it starts will have to remake
+ the environment. If we make it before we fork, other shells won't
+ have to. Don't bother if we have any temporary variable assignments,
+ though, because the export environment will be remade after this
+ command completes anyway, but do it if all the words to be expanded
+ are variable assignments. */
+ if (subst_assign_varlist == 0 || garglist == 0)
+ maybe_make_export_env (); /* XXX */
+
+ /* Flags to pass to parse_and_execute() */
+ pflags = (interactive && sourcelevel == 0) ? SEVAL_RESETLINE : 0;
+
+ /* Pipe the output of executing STRING into the current shell. */
+ if (pipe (fildes) < 0)
+ {
+ sys_error (_("cannot make pipe for command substitution"));
+ goto error_exit;
+ }
+
+ old_pid = last_made_pid;
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ old_pipeline_pgrp = pipeline_pgrp;
+ /* Don't reset the pipeline pgrp if we're already a subshell in a pipeline. */
+ if ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_PIPE) == 0)
+ pipeline_pgrp = shell_pgrp;
+ cleanup_the_pipeline ();
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ old_async_pid = last_asynchronous_pid;
+ pid = make_child ((char *)NULL, subshell_environment&SUBSHELL_ASYNC);
+ last_asynchronous_pid = old_async_pid;
+
+ if (pid == 0)
+ /* Reset the signal handlers in the child, but don't free the
+ trap strings. */
+ reset_signal_handlers ();
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* XXX DO THIS ONLY IN PARENT ? XXX */
+ set_sigchld_handler ();
+ stop_making_children ();
+ if (pid != 0)
+ pipeline_pgrp = old_pipeline_pgrp;
+#else
+ stop_making_children ();
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ if (pid < 0)
+ {
+ sys_error (_("cannot make child for command substitution"));
+ error_exit:
+
+ FREE (istring);
+ close (fildes[0]);
+ close (fildes[1]);
+ return ((WORD_DESC *)NULL);
+ }
+
+ if (pid == 0)
+ {
+ set_sigint_handler (); /* XXX */
+
+ free_pushed_string_input ();
+
+ if (dup2 (fildes[1], 1) < 0)
+ {
+ sys_error (_("command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1"));
+ exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ /* If standard output is closed in the parent shell
+ (such as after `exec >&-'), file descriptor 1 will be
+ the lowest available file descriptor, and end up in
+ fildes[0]. This can happen for stdin and stderr as well,
+ but stdout is more important -- it will cause no output
+ to be generated from this command. */
+ if ((fildes[1] != fileno (stdin)) &&
+ (fildes[1] != fileno (stdout)) &&
+ (fildes[1] != fileno (stderr)))
+ close (fildes[1]);
+
+ if ((fildes[0] != fileno (stdin)) &&
+ (fildes[0] != fileno (stdout)) &&
+ (fildes[0] != fileno (stderr)))
+ close (fildes[0]);
+
+ /* The currently executing shell is not interactive. */
+ interactive = 0;
+
+ /* This is a subshell environment. */
+ subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_COMSUB;
+
+ /* When not in POSIX mode, command substitution does not inherit
+ the -e flag. */
+ if (posixly_correct == 0)
+ exit_immediately_on_error = 0;
+
+ remove_quoted_escapes (string);
+
+ startup_state = 2; /* see if we can avoid a fork */
+ /* Give command substitution a place to jump back to on failure,
+ so we don't go back up to main (). */
+ result = setjmp (top_level);
+
+ /* If we're running a command substitution inside a shell function,
+ trap `return' so we don't return from the function in the subshell
+ and go off to never-never land. */
+ if (result == 0 && return_catch_flag)
+ function_value = setjmp (return_catch);
+ else
+ function_value = 0;
+
+ if (result == ERREXIT)
+ rc = last_command_exit_value;
+ else if (result == EXITPROG)
+ rc = last_command_exit_value;
+ else if (result)
+ rc = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ else if (function_value)
+ rc = return_catch_value;
+ else
+ {
+ subshell_level++;
+ rc = parse_and_execute (string, "command substitution", pflags|SEVAL_NOHIST);
+ subshell_level--;
+ }
+
+ last_command_exit_value = rc;
+ rc = run_exit_trap ();
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ unlink_fifo_list ();
+#endif
+ exit (rc);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (PGRP_PIPE)
+ close_pgrp_pipe ();
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL && PGRP_PIPE */
+
+ close (fildes[1]);
+
+ tflag = 0;
+ istring = read_comsub (fildes[0], quoted, &tflag);
+
+ close (fildes[0]);
+
+ current_command_subst_pid = pid;
+ last_command_exit_value = wait_for (pid);
+ last_command_subst_pid = pid;
+ last_made_pid = old_pid;
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* If last_command_exit_value > 128, then the substituted command
+ was terminated by a signal. If that signal was SIGINT, then send
+ SIGINT to ourselves. This will break out of loops, for instance. */
+ if (last_command_exit_value == (128 + SIGINT) && last_command_exit_signal == SIGINT)
+ kill (getpid (), SIGINT);
+
+ /* wait_for gives the terminal back to shell_pgrp. If some other
+ process group should have it, give it away to that group here.
+ pipeline_pgrp is non-zero only while we are constructing a
+ pipline, so what we are concerned about is whether or not that
+ pipeline was started in the background. A pipeline started in
+ the background should never get the tty back here. */
+#if 0
+ if (interactive && pipeline_pgrp != (pid_t)0 && pipeline_pgrp != last_asynchronous_pid)
+#else
+ if (interactive && pipeline_pgrp != (pid_t)0 && (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_ASYNC) == 0)
+#endif
+ give_terminal_to (pipeline_pgrp, 0);
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+ ret->word = istring;
+ ret->flags = tflag;
+
+ return ret;
+ }
+}
+
+/********************************************************
+ * *
+ * Utility functions for parameter expansion *
+ * *
+ ********************************************************/
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+
+static arrayind_t
+array_length_reference (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ int len;
+ arrayind_t ind;
+ char *akey;
+ char *t, c;
+ ARRAY *array;
+ SHELL_VAR *var;
+
+ var = array_variable_part (s, &t, &len);
+
+ /* If unbound variables should generate an error, report one and return
+ failure. */
+ if ((var == 0 || (assoc_p (var) == 0 && array_p (var) == 0)) && unbound_vars_is_error)
+ {
+ c = *--t;
+ *t = '\0';
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ err_unboundvar (s);
+ *t = c;
+ return (-1);
+ }
+ else if (var == 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ /* We support a couple of expansions for variables that are not arrays.
+ We'll return the length of the value for v[0], and 1 for v[@] or
+ v[*]. Return 0 for everything else. */
+
+ array = array_p (var) ? array_cell (var) : (ARRAY *)NULL;
+
+ if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (t[0]) && t[1] == ']')
+ {
+ if (assoc_p (var))
+ return (assoc_num_elements (assoc_cell (var)));
+ else if (array_p (var))
+ return (array_num_elements (array));
+ else
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ if (assoc_p (var))
+ {
+ t[len - 1] = '\0';
+ akey = expand_assignment_string_to_string (t, 0); /* [ */
+ t[len - 1] = ']';
+ if (akey == 0 || *akey == 0)
+ {
+ err_badarraysub (t);
+ return (-1);
+ }
+ t = assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), akey);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ ind = array_expand_index (t, len);
+ if (ind < 0)
+ {
+ err_badarraysub (t);
+ return (-1);
+ }
+ if (array_p (var))
+ t = array_reference (array, ind);
+ else
+ t = (ind == 0) ? value_cell (var) : (char *)NULL;
+ }
+
+ len = MB_STRLEN (t);
+ return (len);
+}
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+
+static int
+valid_brace_expansion_word (name, var_is_special)
+ char *name;
+ int var_is_special;
+{
+ if (DIGIT (*name) && all_digits (name))
+ return 1;
+ else if (var_is_special)
+ return 1;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ else if (valid_array_reference (name))
+ return 1;
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+ else if (legal_identifier (name))
+ return 1;
+ else
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+chk_atstar (name, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at)
+ char *name;
+ int quoted;
+ int *quoted_dollar_atp, *contains_dollar_at;
+{
+ char *temp1;
+
+ if (name == 0)
+ {
+ if (quoted_dollar_atp)
+ *quoted_dollar_atp = 0;
+ if (contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 0;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* check for $@ and $* */
+ if (name[0] == '@' && name[1] == 0)
+ {
+ if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+ *quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
+ if (contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else if (name[0] == '*' && name[1] == '\0' && quoted == 0)
+ {
+ if (contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ /* Now check for ${array[@]} and ${array[*]} */
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ else if (valid_array_reference (name))
+ {
+ temp1 = mbschr (name, '[');
+ if (temp1 && temp1[1] == '@' && temp1[2] == ']')
+ {
+ if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+ *quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
+ if (contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+ return 1;
+ } /* [ */
+ /* ${array[*]}, when unquoted, should be treated like ${array[@]},
+ which should result in separate words even when IFS is unset. */
+ if (temp1 && temp1[1] == '*' && temp1[2] == ']' && quoted == 0)
+ {
+ if (contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+#endif
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* Parameter expand NAME, and return a new string which is the expansion,
+ or NULL if there was no expansion.
+ VAR_IS_SPECIAL is non-zero if NAME is one of the special variables in
+ the shell, e.g., "@", "$", "*", etc. QUOTED, if non-zero, means that
+ NAME was found inside of a double-quoted expression. */
+static WORD_DESC *
+parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted, pflags)
+ char *name;
+ int var_is_special, quoted, pflags;
+{
+ WORD_DESC *ret;
+ char *temp, *tt;
+ intmax_t arg_index;
+ SHELL_VAR *var;
+ int atype, rflags;
+
+ ret = 0;
+ temp = 0;
+ rflags = 0;
+
+ /* Handle multiple digit arguments, as in ${11}. */
+ if (legal_number (name, &arg_index))
+ {
+ tt = get_dollar_var_value (arg_index);
+ if (tt)
+ temp = (*tt && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+ ? quote_string (tt)
+ : quote_escapes (tt);
+ else
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+ FREE (tt);
+ }
+ else if (var_is_special) /* ${@} */
+ {
+ int sindex;
+ tt = (char *)xmalloc (2 + strlen (name));
+ tt[sindex = 0] = '$';
+ strcpy (tt + 1, name);
+
+ ret = param_expand (tt, &sindex, quoted, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL,
+ (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL, pflags);
+ free (tt);
+ }
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ else if (valid_array_reference (name))
+ {
+ temp = array_value (name, quoted, &atype);
+ if (atype == 0 && temp)
+ temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+ ? quote_string (temp)
+ : quote_escapes (temp);
+ else if (atype == 1 && temp && QUOTED_NULL (temp) && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+ rflags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ }
+#endif
+ else if (var = find_variable (name))
+ {
+ if (var_isset (var) && invisible_p (var) == 0)
+ {
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (assoc_p (var))
+ temp = assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), "0");
+ else if (array_p (var))
+ temp = array_reference (array_cell (var), 0);
+ else
+ temp = value_cell (var);
+#else
+ temp = value_cell (var);
+#endif
+
+ if (temp)
+ temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+ ? quote_string (temp)
+ : quote_escapes (temp);
+ }
+ else
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (ret == 0)
+ {
+ ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+ ret->word = temp;
+ ret->flags |= rflags;
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Expand an indirect reference to a variable: ${!NAME} expands to the
+ value of the variable whose name is the value of NAME. */
+static WORD_DESC *
+parameter_brace_expand_indir (name, var_is_special, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at)
+ char *name;
+ int var_is_special, quoted;
+ int *quoted_dollar_atp, *contains_dollar_at;
+{
+ char *temp, *t;
+ WORD_DESC *w;
+
+ w = parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted, PF_IGNUNBOUND);
+ t = w->word;
+ /* Have to dequote here if necessary */
+ if (t)
+ {
+ temp = (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
+ ? dequote_string (t)
+ : dequote_escapes (t);
+ free (t);
+ t = temp;
+ }
+ dispose_word_desc (w);
+
+ chk_atstar (t, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at);
+ if (t == 0)
+ return (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
+
+ w = parameter_brace_expand_word (t, SPECIAL_VAR(t, 0), quoted, 0);
+ free (t);
+
+ return w;
+}
+
+/* Expand the right side of a parameter expansion of the form ${NAMEcVALUE},
+ depending on the value of C, the separating character. C can be one of
+ "-", "+", or "=". QUOTED is true if the entire brace expression occurs
+ between double quotes. */
+static WORD_DESC *
+parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, quoted, qdollaratp, hasdollarat)
+ char *name, *value;
+ int c, quoted, *qdollaratp, *hasdollarat;
+{
+ WORD_DESC *w;
+ WORD_LIST *l;
+ char *t, *t1, *temp;
+ int hasdol;
+
+ /* If the entire expression is between double quotes, we want to treat
+ the value as a double-quoted string, with the exception that we strip
+ embedded unescaped double quotes (for sh backwards compatibility). */
+ if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && *value)
+ {
+ hasdol = 0;
+ temp = string_extract_double_quoted (value, &hasdol, 1);
+ }
+ else
+ temp = value;
+
+ w = alloc_word_desc ();
+ hasdol = 0;
+ /* XXX was 0 not quoted */
+ l = *temp ? expand_string_for_rhs (temp, quoted, &hasdol, (int *)NULL)
+ : (WORD_LIST *)0;
+ if (hasdollarat)
+ *hasdollarat = hasdol || (l && l->next);
+ if (temp != value)
+ free (temp);
+ if (l)
+ {
+ /* The expansion of TEMP returned something. We need to treat things
+ slightly differently if HASDOL is non-zero. If we have "$@", the
+ individual words have already been quoted. We need to turn them
+ into a string with the words separated by the first character of
+ $IFS without any additional quoting, so string_list_dollar_at won't
+ do the right thing. We use string_list_dollar_star instead. */
+ temp = (hasdol || l->next) ? string_list_dollar_star (l) : string_list (l);
+
+ /* If l->next is not null, we know that TEMP contained "$@", since that
+ is the only expansion that creates more than one word. */
+ if (qdollaratp && ((hasdol && quoted) || l->next))
+ *qdollaratp = 1;
+ dispose_words (l);
+ }
+ else if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && hasdol)
+ {
+ /* The brace expansion occurred between double quotes and there was
+ a $@ in TEMP. It does not matter if the $@ is quoted, as long as
+ it does not expand to anything. In this case, we want to return
+ a quoted empty string. */
+ temp = make_quoted_char ('\0');
+ w->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ }
+ else
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (c == '-' || c == '+')
+ {
+ w->word = temp;
+ return w;
+ }
+
+ /* c == '=' */
+ t = temp ? savestring (temp) : savestring ("");
+ t1 = dequote_string (t);
+ free (t);
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (valid_array_reference (name))
+ assign_array_element (name, t1, 0);
+ else
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+ bind_variable (name, t1, 0);
+ free (t1);
+
+ w->word = temp;
+ return w;
+}
+
+/* Deal with the right hand side of a ${name:?value} expansion in the case
+ that NAME is null or not set. If VALUE is non-null it is expanded and
+ used as the error message to print, otherwise a standard message is
+ printed. */
+static void
+parameter_brace_expand_error (name, value)
+ char *name, *value;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *l;
+ char *temp;
+
+ if (value && *value)
+ {
+ l = expand_string (value, 0);
+ temp = string_list (l);
+ report_error ("%s: %s", name, temp ? temp : ""); /* XXX was value not "" */
+ FREE (temp);
+ dispose_words (l);
+ }
+ else
+ report_error (_("%s: parameter null or not set"), name);
+
+ /* Free the data we have allocated during this expansion, since we
+ are about to longjmp out. */
+ free (name);
+ FREE (value);
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if NAME is something for which parameter_brace_expand_length is
+ OK to do. */
+static int
+valid_length_expression (name)
+ char *name;
+{
+ return (name[1] == '\0' || /* ${#} */
+ ((sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char) name[1]] & CSPECVAR) && name[2] == '\0') || /* special param */
+ (DIGIT (name[1]) && all_digits (name + 1)) || /* ${#11} */
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ valid_array_reference (name + 1) || /* ${#a[7]} */
+#endif
+ legal_identifier (name + 1)); /* ${#PS1} */
+}
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+size_t
+mbstrlen (s)
+ const char *s;
+{
+ size_t clen, nc;
+ mbstate_t mbs, mbsbak;
+
+ nc = 0;
+ memset (&mbs, 0, sizeof (mbs));
+ mbsbak = mbs;
+ while ((clen = mbrlen(s, MB_CUR_MAX, &mbs)) != 0)
+ {
+ if (MB_INVALIDCH(clen))
+ {
+ clen = 1; /* assume single byte */
+ mbs = mbsbak;
+ }
+
+ s += clen;
+ nc++;
+ mbsbak = mbs;
+ }
+ return nc;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/* Handle the parameter brace expansion that requires us to return the
+ length of a parameter. */
+static intmax_t
+parameter_brace_expand_length (name)
+ char *name;
+{
+ char *t, *newname;
+ intmax_t number, arg_index;
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ SHELL_VAR *var;
+#endif
+
+ if (name[1] == '\0') /* ${#} */
+ number = number_of_args ();
+ else if ((name[1] == '@' || name[1] == '*') && name[2] == '\0') /* ${#@}, ${#*} */
+ number = number_of_args ();
+ else if ((sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char) name[1]] & CSPECVAR) && name[2] == '\0')
+ {
+ /* Take the lengths of some of the shell's special parameters. */
+ switch (name[1])
+ {
+ case '-':
+ t = which_set_flags ();
+ break;
+ case '?':
+ t = itos (last_command_exit_value);
+ break;
+ case '$':
+ t = itos (dollar_dollar_pid);
+ break;
+ case '!':
+ if (last_asynchronous_pid == NO_PID)
+ t = (char *)NULL;
+ else
+ t = itos (last_asynchronous_pid);
+ break;
+ case '#':
+ t = itos (number_of_args ());
+ break;
+ }
+ number = STRLEN (t);
+ FREE (t);
+ }
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ else if (valid_array_reference (name + 1))
+ number = array_length_reference (name + 1);
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+ else
+ {
+ number = 0;
+
+ if (legal_number (name + 1, &arg_index)) /* ${#1} */
+ {
+ t = get_dollar_var_value (arg_index);
+ number = MB_STRLEN (t);
+ FREE (t);
+ }
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ else if ((var = find_variable (name + 1)) && (invisible_p (var) == 0) && (array_p (var) || assoc_p (var)))
+ {
+ if (assoc_p (var))
+ t = assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), "0");
+ else
+ t = array_reference (array_cell (var), 0);
+ number = MB_STRLEN (t);
+ }
+#endif
+ else /* ${#PS1} */
+ {
+ newname = savestring (name);
+ newname[0] = '$';
+ list = expand_string (newname, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
+ t = list ? string_list (list) : (char *)NULL;
+ free (newname);
+ if (list)
+ dispose_words (list);
+
+ number = MB_STRLEN (t);
+ FREE (t);
+ }
+ }
+
+ return (number);
+}
+
+/* Skip characters in SUBSTR until DELIM. SUBSTR is an arithmetic expression,
+ so we do some ad-hoc parsing of an arithmetic expression to find
+ the first DELIM, instead of using strchr(3). Two rules:
+ 1. If the substring contains a `(', read until closing `)'.
+ 2. If the substring contains a `?', read past one `:' for each `?'.
+*/
+
+static char *
+skiparith (substr, delim)
+ char *substr;
+ int delim;
+{
+ size_t sublen;
+ int skipcol, pcount, i;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ sublen = strlen (substr);
+ i = skipcol = pcount = 0;
+ while (substr[i])
+ {
+ /* Balance parens */
+ if (substr[i] == LPAREN)
+ {
+ pcount++;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ if (substr[i] == RPAREN && pcount)
+ {
+ pcount--;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ if (pcount)
+ {
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (substr, sublen, i);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Skip one `:' for each `?' */
+ if (substr[i] == ':' && skipcol)
+ {
+ skipcol--;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ if (substr[i] == delim)
+ break;
+ if (substr[i] == '?')
+ {
+ skipcol++;
+ i++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (substr, sublen, i);
+ }
+
+ return (substr + i);
+}
+
+/* Verify and limit the start and end of the desired substring. If
+ VTYPE == 0, a regular shell variable is being used; if it is 1,
+ then the positional parameters are being used; if it is 2, then
+ VALUE is really a pointer to an array variable that should be used.
+ Return value is 1 if both values were OK, 0 if there was a problem
+ with an invalid expression, or -1 if the values were out of range. */
+static int
+verify_substring_values (v, value, substr, vtype, e1p, e2p)
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+ char *value, *substr;
+ int vtype;
+ intmax_t *e1p, *e2p;
+{
+ char *t, *temp1, *temp2;
+ arrayind_t len;
+ int expok;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ ARRAY *a;
+ HASH_TABLE *h;
+#endif
+
+ /* duplicate behavior of strchr(3) */
+ t = skiparith (substr, ':');
+ if (*t && *t == ':')
+ *t = '\0';
+ else
+ t = (char *)0;
+
+ temp1 = expand_arith_string (substr, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
+ *e1p = evalexp (temp1, &expok);
+ free (temp1);
+ if (expok == 0)
+ return (0);
+
+ len = -1; /* paranoia */
+ switch (vtype)
+ {
+ case VT_VARIABLE:
+ case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
+ len = MB_STRLEN (value);
+ break;
+ case VT_POSPARMS:
+ len = number_of_args () + 1;
+ if (*e1p == 0)
+ len++; /* add one arg if counting from $0 */
+ break;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ case VT_ARRAYVAR:
+ /* For arrays, the first value deals with array indices. Negative
+ offsets count from one past the array's maximum index. Associative
+ arrays treat the number of elements as the maximum index. */
+ if (assoc_p (v))
+ {
+ h = assoc_cell (v);
+ len = assoc_num_elements (h) + (*e1p < 0);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ a = (ARRAY *)value;
+ len = array_max_index (a) + (*e1p < 0); /* arrays index from 0 to n - 1 */
+ }
+ break;
+#endif
+ }
+
+ if (len == -1) /* paranoia */
+ return -1;
+
+ if (*e1p < 0) /* negative offsets count from end */
+ *e1p += len;
+
+ if (*e1p > len || *e1p < 0)
+ return (-1);
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ /* For arrays, the second offset deals with the number of elements. */
+ if (vtype == VT_ARRAYVAR)
+ len = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_num_elements (h) : array_num_elements (a);
+#endif
+
+ if (t)
+ {
+ t++;
+ temp2 = savestring (t);
+ temp1 = expand_arith_string (temp2, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
+ free (temp2);
+ t[-1] = ':';
+ *e2p = evalexp (temp1, &expok);
+ free (temp1);
+ if (expok == 0)
+ return (0);
+ if (*e2p < 0)
+ {
+ internal_error (_("%s: substring expression < 0"), t);
+ return (0);
+ }
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ /* In order to deal with sparse arrays, push the intelligence about how
+ to deal with the number of elements desired down to the array-
+ specific functions. */
+ if (vtype != VT_ARRAYVAR)
+#endif
+ {
+ *e2p += *e1p; /* want E2 chars starting at E1 */
+ if (*e2p > len)
+ *e2p = len;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ *e2p = len;
+
+ return (1);
+}
+
+/* Return the type of variable specified by VARNAME (simple variable,
+ positional param, or array variable). Also return the value specified
+ by VARNAME (value of a variable or a reference to an array element).
+ If this returns VT_VARIABLE, the caller assumes that CTLESC and CTLNUL
+ characters in the value are quoted with CTLESC and takes appropriate
+ steps. For convenience, *VALP is set to the dequoted VALUE. */
+static int
+get_var_and_type (varname, value, quoted, varp, valp)
+ char *varname, *value;
+ int quoted;
+ SHELL_VAR **varp;
+ char **valp;
+{
+ int vtype;
+ char *temp;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+#endif
+
+ /* This sets vtype to VT_VARIABLE or VT_POSPARMS */
+ vtype = (varname[0] == '@' || varname[0] == '*') && varname[1] == '\0';
+ if (vtype == VT_POSPARMS && varname[0] == '*')
+ vtype |= VT_STARSUB;
+ *varp = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (valid_array_reference (varname))
+ {
+ v = array_variable_part (varname, &temp, (int *)0);
+ if (v && (array_p (v) || assoc_p (v)))
+ { /* [ */
+ if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (temp[0]) && temp[1] == ']')
+ {
+ /* Callers have to differentiate betwen indexed and associative */
+ vtype = VT_ARRAYVAR;
+ if (temp[0] == '*')
+ vtype |= VT_STARSUB;
+ *valp = array_p (v) ? (char *)array_cell (v) : (char *)assoc_cell (v);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ vtype = VT_ARRAYMEMBER;
+ *valp = array_value (varname, 1, (int *)NULL);
+ }
+ *varp = v;
+ }
+ else if (v && (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (temp[0]) && temp[1] == ']'))
+ {
+ vtype = VT_VARIABLE;
+ *varp = v;
+ if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
+ *valp = dequote_string (value);
+ else
+ *valp = dequote_escapes (value);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ vtype = VT_ARRAYMEMBER;
+ *varp = v;
+ *valp = array_value (varname, 1, (int *)NULL);
+ }
+ }
+ else if ((v = find_variable (varname)) && (invisible_p (v) == 0) && (assoc_p (v) || array_p (v)))
+ {
+ vtype = VT_ARRAYMEMBER;
+ *varp = v;
+ *valp = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_reference (assoc_cell (v), "0") : array_reference (array_cell (v), 0);
+ }
+ else
+#endif
+ {
+ if (value && vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
+ {
+ if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
+ *valp = dequote_string (value);
+ else
+ *valp = dequote_escapes (value);
+ }
+ else
+ *valp = value;
+ }
+
+ return vtype;
+}
+
+/******************************************************/
+/* */
+/* Functions to extract substrings of variable values */
+/* */
+/******************************************************/
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+/* Character-oriented rather than strictly byte-oriented substrings. S and
+ E, rather being strict indices into STRING, indicate character (possibly
+ multibyte character) positions that require calculation.
+ Used by the ${param:offset[:length]} expansion. */
+static char *
+mb_substring (string, s, e)
+ char *string;
+ int s, e;
+{
+ char *tt;
+ int start, stop, i, slen;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ start = 0;
+ /* Don't need string length in ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */
+ slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? STRLEN (string) : 0;
+
+ i = s;
+ while (string[start] && i--)
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, start);
+ stop = start;
+ i = e - s;
+ while (string[stop] && i--)
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, stop);
+ tt = substring (string, start, stop);
+ return tt;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Process a variable substring expansion: ${name:e1[:e2]}. If VARNAME
+ is `@', use the positional parameters; otherwise, use the value of
+ VARNAME. If VARNAME is an array variable, use the array elements. */
+
+static char *
+parameter_brace_substring (varname, value, substr, quoted)
+ char *varname, *value, *substr;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ intmax_t e1, e2;
+ int vtype, r, starsub;
+ char *temp, *val, *tt, *oname;
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+ if (value == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ oname = this_command_name;
+ this_command_name = varname;
+
+ vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, quoted, &v, &val);
+ if (vtype == -1)
+ {
+ this_command_name = oname;
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ }
+
+ starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
+ vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
+
+ r = verify_substring_values (v, val, substr, vtype, &e1, &e2);
+ this_command_name = oname;
+ if (r <= 0)
+ return ((r == 0) ? &expand_param_error : (char *)NULL);
+
+ switch (vtype)
+ {
+ case VT_VARIABLE:
+ case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
+ tt = mb_substring (val, e1, e2);
+ else
+#endif
+ tt = substring (val, e1, e2);
+
+ if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
+ FREE (val);
+ if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))
+ temp = quote_string (tt);
+ else
+ temp = tt ? quote_escapes (tt) : (char *)NULL;
+ FREE (tt);
+ break;
+ case VT_POSPARMS:
+ tt = pos_params (varname, e1, e2, quoted);
+ if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) == 0)
+ {
+ temp = tt ? quote_escapes (tt) : (char *)NULL;
+ FREE (tt);
+ }
+ else
+ temp = tt;
+ break;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ case VT_ARRAYVAR:
+ if (assoc_p (v))
+ /* we convert to list and take first e2 elements starting at e1th
+ element -- officially undefined for now */
+ temp = assoc_subrange (assoc_cell (v), e1, e2, starsub, quoted);
+ else
+ /* We want E2 to be the number of elements desired (arrays can be sparse,
+ so verify_substring_values just returns the numbers specified and we
+ rely on array_subrange to understand how to deal with them). */
+ temp = array_subrange (array_cell (v), e1, e2, starsub, quoted);
+ /* array_subrange now calls array_quote_escapes as appropriate, so the
+ caller no longer needs to. */
+ break;
+#endif
+ default:
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+ }
+
+ return temp;
+}
+
+/****************************************************************/
+/* */
+/* Functions to perform pattern substitution on variable values */
+/* */
+/****************************************************************/
+
+char *
+pat_subst (string, pat, rep, mflags)
+ char *string, *pat, *rep;
+ int mflags;
+{
+ char *ret, *s, *e, *str;
+ int rsize, rptr, l, replen, mtype;
+
+ mtype = mflags & MATCH_TYPEMASK;
+
+ /* Special cases:
+ * 1. A null pattern with mtype == MATCH_BEG means to prefix STRING
+ * with REP and return the result.
+ * 2. A null pattern with mtype == MATCH_END means to append REP to
+ * STRING and return the result.
+ */
+ if ((pat == 0 || *pat == 0) && (mtype == MATCH_BEG || mtype == MATCH_END))
+ {
+ replen = STRLEN (rep);
+ l = strlen (string);
+ ret = (char *)xmalloc (replen + l + 2);
+ if (replen == 0)
+ strcpy (ret, string);
+ else if (mtype == MATCH_BEG)
+ {
+ strcpy (ret, rep);
+ strcpy (ret + replen, string);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ strcpy (ret, string);
+ strcpy (ret + l, rep);
+ }
+ return (ret);
+ }
+
+ ret = (char *)xmalloc (rsize = 64);
+ ret[0] = '\0';
+
+ for (replen = STRLEN (rep), rptr = 0, str = string;;)
+ {
+ if (match_pattern (str, pat, mtype, &s, &e) == 0)
+ break;
+ l = s - str;
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, rptr, (l + replen), rsize, 64);
+
+ /* OK, now copy the leading unmatched portion of the string (from
+ str to s) to ret starting at rptr (the current offset). Then copy
+ the replacement string at ret + rptr + (s - str). Increment
+ rptr (if necessary) and str and go on. */
+ if (l)
+ {
+ strncpy (ret + rptr, str, l);
+ rptr += l;
+ }
+ if (replen)
+ {
+ strncpy (ret + rptr, rep, replen);
+ rptr += replen;
+ }
+ str = e; /* e == end of match */
+
+ if (((mflags & MATCH_GLOBREP) == 0) || mtype != MATCH_ANY)
+ break;
+
+ if (s == e)
+ {
+ /* On a zero-length match, make sure we copy one character, since
+ we increment one character to avoid infinite recursion. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, rptr, 1, rsize, 64);
+ ret[rptr++] = *str++;
+ e++; /* avoid infinite recursion on zero-length match */
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Now copy the unmatched portion of the input string */
+ if (*str)
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, rptr, STRLEN(str) + 1, rsize, 64);
+ strcpy (ret + rptr, str);
+ }
+ else
+ ret[rptr] = '\0';
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Do pattern match and replacement on the positional parameters. */
+static char *
+pos_params_pat_subst (string, pat, rep, mflags)
+ char *string, *pat, *rep;
+ int mflags;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *save, *params;
+ WORD_DESC *w;
+ char *ret;
+ int pchar, qflags;
+
+ save = params = list_rest_of_args ();
+ if (save == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ for ( ; params; params = params->next)
+ {
+ ret = pat_subst (params->word->word, pat, rep, mflags);
+ w = alloc_word_desc ();
+ w->word = ret ? ret : savestring ("");
+ dispose_word (params->word);
+ params->word = w;
+ }
+
+ pchar = (mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) == MATCH_STARSUB ? '*' : '@';
+ qflags = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == MATCH_QUOTED ? Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES : 0;
+
+#if 0
+ if ((mflags & (MATCH_QUOTED|MATCH_STARSUB)) == (MATCH_QUOTED|MATCH_STARSUB))
+ ret = string_list_dollar_star (quote_list (save));
+ else if ((mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) == MATCH_STARSUB)
+ ret = string_list_dollar_star (save);
+ else if ((mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == MATCH_QUOTED)
+ ret = string_list_dollar_at (save, qflags);
+ else
+ ret = string_list_dollar_star (save);
+#else
+ ret = string_list_pos_params (pchar, save, qflags);
+#endif
+
+ dispose_words (save);
+
+ return (ret);
+}
+
+/* Perform pattern substitution on VALUE, which is the expansion of
+ VARNAME. PATSUB is an expression supplying the pattern to match
+ and the string to substitute. QUOTED is a flags word containing
+ the type of quoting currently in effect. */
+static char *
+parameter_brace_patsub (varname, value, patsub, quoted)
+ char *varname, *value, *patsub;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ int vtype, mflags, starsub, delim;
+ char *val, *temp, *pat, *rep, *p, *lpatsub, *tt;
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+ if (value == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ this_command_name = varname;
+
+ vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, quoted, &v, &val);
+ if (vtype == -1)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
+ vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
+
+ mflags = 0;
+ if (patsub && *patsub == '/')
+ {
+ mflags |= MATCH_GLOBREP;
+ patsub++;
+ }
+
+ /* Malloc this because expand_string_if_necessary or one of the expansion
+ functions in its call chain may free it on a substitution error. */
+ lpatsub = savestring (patsub);
+
+ if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+ mflags |= MATCH_QUOTED;
+
+ if (starsub)
+ mflags |= MATCH_STARSUB;
+
+ /* If the pattern starts with a `/', make sure we skip over it when looking
+ for the replacement delimiter. */
+#if 0
+ if (rep = quoted_strchr ((*patsub == '/') ? lpatsub+1 : lpatsub, '/', ST_BACKSL))
+ *rep++ = '\0';
+ else
+ rep = (char *)NULL;
+#else
+ delim = skip_to_delim (lpatsub, ((*patsub == '/') ? 1 : 0), "/", 0);
+ if (lpatsub[delim] == '/')
+ {
+ lpatsub[delim] = 0;
+ rep = lpatsub + delim + 1;
+ }
+ else
+ rep = (char *)NULL;
+#endif
+
+ if (rep && *rep == '\0')
+ rep = (char *)NULL;
+
+ /* Perform the same expansions on the pattern as performed by the
+ pattern removal expansions. */
+ pat = getpattern (lpatsub, quoted, 1);
+
+ if (rep)
+ {
+ if ((mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0)
+ rep = expand_string_if_necessary (rep, quoted, expand_string_unsplit);
+ else
+ rep = expand_string_to_string_internal (rep, quoted, expand_string_unsplit);
+ }
+
+ /* ksh93 doesn't allow the match specifier to be a part of the expanded
+ pattern. This is an extension. Make sure we don't anchor the pattern
+ at the beginning or end of the string if we're doing global replacement,
+ though. */
+ p = pat;
+ if (mflags & MATCH_GLOBREP)
+ mflags |= MATCH_ANY;
+ else if (pat && pat[0] == '#')
+ {
+ mflags |= MATCH_BEG;
+ p++;
+ }
+ else if (pat && pat[0] == '%')
+ {
+ mflags |= MATCH_END;
+ p++;
+ }
+ else
+ mflags |= MATCH_ANY;
+
+ /* OK, we now want to substitute REP for PAT in VAL. If
+ flags & MATCH_GLOBREP is non-zero, the substitution is done
+ everywhere, otherwise only the first occurrence of PAT is
+ replaced. The pattern matching code doesn't understand
+ CTLESC quoting CTLESC and CTLNUL so we use the dequoted variable
+ values passed in (VT_VARIABLE) so the pattern substitution
+ code works right. We need to requote special chars after
+ we're done for VT_VARIABLE and VT_ARRAYMEMBER, and for the
+ other cases if QUOTED == 0, since the posparams and arrays
+ indexed by * or @ do special things when QUOTED != 0. */
+
+ switch (vtype)
+ {
+ case VT_VARIABLE:
+ case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
+ temp = pat_subst (val, p, rep, mflags);
+ if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
+ FREE (val);
+ if (temp)
+ {
+ tt = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) ? quote_string (temp) : quote_escapes (temp);
+ free (temp);
+ temp = tt;
+ }
+ break;
+ case VT_POSPARMS:
+ temp = pos_params_pat_subst (val, p, rep, mflags);
+ if (temp && (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0)
+ {
+ tt = quote_escapes (temp);
+ free (temp);
+ temp = tt;
+ }
+ break;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ case VT_ARRAYVAR:
+ temp = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_patsub (assoc_cell (v), p, rep, mflags)
+ : array_patsub (array_cell (v), p, rep, mflags);
+ /* Don't call quote_escapes anymore; array_patsub calls
+ array_quote_escapes as appropriate before adding the
+ space separators; ditto for assoc_patsub. */
+ break;
+#endif
+ }
+
+ FREE (pat);
+ FREE (rep);
+ free (lpatsub);
+
+ return temp;
+}
+
+/****************************************************************/
+/* */
+/* Functions to perform case modification on variable values */
+/* */
+/****************************************************************/
+
+/* Do case modification on the positional parameters. */
+
+static char *
+pos_params_modcase (string, pat, modop, mflags)
+ char *string, *pat;
+ int modop;
+ int mflags;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *save, *params;
+ WORD_DESC *w;
+ char *ret;
+ int pchar, qflags;
+
+ save = params = list_rest_of_args ();
+ if (save == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ for ( ; params; params = params->next)
+ {
+ ret = sh_modcase (params->word->word, pat, modop);
+ w = alloc_word_desc ();
+ w->word = ret ? ret : savestring ("");
+ dispose_word (params->word);
+ params->word = w;
+ }
+
+ pchar = (mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) == MATCH_STARSUB ? '*' : '@';
+ qflags = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == MATCH_QUOTED ? Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES : 0;
+
+ ret = string_list_pos_params (pchar, save, qflags);
+ dispose_words (save);
+
+ return (ret);
+}
+
+/* Perform case modification on VALUE, which is the expansion of
+ VARNAME. MODSPEC is an expression supplying the type of modification
+ to perform. QUOTED is a flags word containing the type of quoting
+ currently in effect. */
+static char *
+parameter_brace_casemod (varname, value, modspec, patspec, quoted)
+ char *varname, *value;
+ int modspec;
+ char *patspec;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ int vtype, starsub, modop, mflags, x;
+ char *val, *temp, *pat, *p, *lpat, *tt;
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+ if (value == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ this_command_name = varname;
+
+ vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, quoted, &v, &val);
+ if (vtype == -1)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+
+ starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB;
+ vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB;
+
+ modop = 0;
+ mflags = 0;
+ if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+ mflags |= MATCH_QUOTED;
+ if (starsub)
+ mflags |= MATCH_STARSUB;
+
+ p = patspec;
+ if (modspec == '^')
+ {
+ x = p && p[0] == modspec;
+ modop = x ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_UPFIRST;
+ p += x;
+ }
+ else if (modspec == ',')
+ {
+ x = p && p[0] == modspec;
+ modop = x ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_LOWFIRST;
+ p += x;
+ }
+ else if (modspec == '~')
+ {
+ x = p && p[0] == modspec;
+ modop = x ? CASE_TOGGLEALL : CASE_TOGGLE;
+ p += x;
+ }
+
+ lpat = p ? savestring (p) : 0;
+ /* Perform the same expansions on the pattern as performed by the
+ pattern removal expansions. FOR LATER */
+ pat = lpat ? getpattern (lpat, quoted, 1) : 0;
+
+ /* OK, now we do the case modification. */
+ switch (vtype)
+ {
+ case VT_VARIABLE:
+ case VT_ARRAYMEMBER:
+ temp = sh_modcase (val, pat, modop);
+ if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE)
+ FREE (val);
+ if (temp)
+ {
+ tt = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) ? quote_string (temp) : quote_escapes (temp);
+ free (temp);
+ temp = tt;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case VT_POSPARMS:
+ temp = pos_params_modcase (val, pat, modop, mflags);
+ if (temp && (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0)
+ {
+ tt = quote_escapes (temp);
+ free (temp);
+ temp = tt;
+ }
+ break;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ case VT_ARRAYVAR:
+ temp = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_modcase (assoc_cell (v), pat, modop, mflags)
+ : array_modcase (array_cell (v), pat, modop, mflags);
+ /* Don't call quote_escapes; array_modcase calls array_quote_escapes
+ as appropriate before adding the space separators; ditto for
+ assoc_modcase. */
+ break;
+#endif
+ }
+
+ FREE (pat);
+ free (lpat);
+
+ return temp;
+}
+
+/* Check for unbalanced parens in S, which is the contents of $(( ... )). If
+ any occur, this must be a nested command substitution, so return 0.
+ Otherwise, return 1. A valid arithmetic expression must always have a
+ ( before a matching ), so any cases where there are more right parens
+ means that this must not be an arithmetic expression, though the parser
+ will not accept it without a balanced total number of parens. */
+static int
+chk_arithsub (s, len)
+ const char *s;
+ int len;
+{
+ int i, count;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ i = count = 0;
+ while (i < len)
+ {
+ if (s[i] == LPAREN)
+ count++;
+ else if (s[i] == RPAREN)
+ {
+ count--;
+ if (count < 0)
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ switch (s[i])
+ {
+ default:
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (s, len, i);
+ break;
+
+ case '\\':
+ i++;
+ if (s[i])
+ ADVANCE_CHAR (s, len, i);
+ break;
+
+ case '\'':
+ i = skip_single_quoted (s, len, ++i);
+ break;
+
+ case '"':
+ i = skip_double_quoted ((char *)s, len, ++i);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return (count == 0);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************/
+/* */
+/* Functions to perform parameter expansion on a string */
+/* */
+/****************************************************************/
+
+/* ${[#][!]name[[:][^[^]][,[,]]#[#]%[%]-=?+[word][:e1[:e2]]]} */
+static WORD_DESC *
+parameter_brace_expand (string, indexp, quoted, pflags, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at)
+ char *string;
+ int *indexp, quoted, *quoted_dollar_atp, *contains_dollar_at, pflags;
+{
+ int check_nullness, var_is_set, var_is_null, var_is_special;
+ int want_substring, want_indir, want_patsub, want_casemod;
+ char *name, *value, *temp, *temp1;
+ WORD_DESC *tdesc, *ret;
+ int t_index, sindex, c, tflag, modspec;
+ intmax_t number;
+
+ temp = temp1 = value = (char *)NULL;
+ var_is_set = var_is_null = var_is_special = check_nullness = 0;
+ want_substring = want_indir = want_patsub = want_casemod = 0;
+
+ sindex = *indexp;
+ t_index = ++sindex;
+ /* ${#var} doesn't have any of the other parameter expansions on it. */
+ if (string[t_index] == '#' && legal_variable_starter (string[t_index+1])) /* {{ */
+ name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "}", SX_VARNAME);
+ else
+#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
+ /* To enable case-toggling expansions using the `~' operator character
+ change the 1 to 0. */
+# if defined (CASEMOD_CAPCASE)
+ name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%^,~:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME);
+# else
+ name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%^,:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME);
+# endif /* CASEMOD_CAPCASE */
+#else
+ name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME);
+#endif /* CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS */
+
+ ret = 0;
+ tflag = 0;
+
+ /* If the name really consists of a special variable, then make sure
+ that we have the entire name. We don't allow indirect references
+ to special variables except `#', `?', `@' and `*'. */
+ if ((sindex == t_index &&
+ (string[t_index] == '-' ||
+ string[t_index] == '?' ||
+ string[t_index] == '#')) ||
+ (sindex == t_index - 1 && string[sindex] == '!' &&
+ (string[t_index] == '#' ||
+ string[t_index] == '?' ||
+ string[t_index] == '@' ||
+ string[t_index] == '*')))
+ {
+ t_index++;
+ free (name);
+ temp1 = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%:-=?+/}", 0);
+ name = (char *)xmalloc (3 + (strlen (temp1)));
+ *name = string[sindex];
+ if (string[sindex] == '!')
+ {
+ /* indirect reference of $#, $?, $@, or $* */
+ name[1] = string[sindex + 1];
+ strcpy (name + 2, temp1);
+ }
+ else
+ strcpy (name + 1, temp1);
+ free (temp1);
+ }
+ sindex = t_index;
+
+ /* Find out what character ended the variable name. Then
+ do the appropriate thing. */
+ if (c = string[sindex])
+ sindex++;
+
+ /* If c is followed by one of the valid parameter expansion
+ characters, move past it as normal. If not, assume that
+ a substring specification is being given, and do not move
+ past it. */
+ if (c == ':' && VALID_PARAM_EXPAND_CHAR (string[sindex]))
+ {
+ check_nullness++;
+ if (c = string[sindex])
+ sindex++;
+ }
+ else if (c == ':' && string[sindex] != RBRACE)
+ want_substring = 1;
+ else if (c == '/' && string[sindex] != RBRACE)
+ want_patsub = 1;
+#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
+ else if (c == '^' || c == ',' || c == '~')
+ {
+ modspec = c;
+ want_casemod = 1;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ /* Catch the valid and invalid brace expressions that made it through the
+ tests above. */
+ /* ${#-} is a valid expansion and means to take the length of $-.
+ Similarly for ${#?} and ${##}... */
+ if (name[0] == '#' && name[1] == '\0' && check_nullness == 0 &&
+ VALID_SPECIAL_LENGTH_PARAM (c) && string[sindex] == RBRACE)
+ {
+ name = (char *)xrealloc (name, 3);
+ name[1] = c;
+ name[2] = '\0';
+ c = string[sindex++];
+ }
+
+ /* ...but ${#%}, ${#:}, ${#=}, ${#+}, and ${#/} are errors. */
+ if (name[0] == '#' && name[1] == '\0' && check_nullness == 0 &&
+ member (c, "%:=+/") && string[sindex] == RBRACE)
+ {
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+ goto bad_substitution;
+ }
+
+ /* Indirect expansion begins with a `!'. A valid indirect expansion is
+ either a variable name, one of the positional parameters or a special
+ variable that expands to one of the positional parameters. */
+ want_indir = *name == '!' &&
+ (legal_variable_starter ((unsigned char)name[1]) || DIGIT (name[1])
+ || VALID_INDIR_PARAM (name[1]));
+
+ /* Determine the value of this variable. */
+
+ /* Check for special variables, directly referenced. */
+ if (SPECIAL_VAR (name, want_indir))
+ var_is_special++;
+
+ /* Check for special expansion things, like the length of a parameter */
+ if (*name == '#' && name[1])
+ {
+ /* If we are not pointing at the character just after the
+ closing brace, then we haven't gotten all of the name.
+ Since it begins with a special character, this is a bad
+ substitution. Also check NAME for validity before trying
+ to go on. */
+ if (string[sindex - 1] != RBRACE || (valid_length_expression (name) == 0))
+ {
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+ goto bad_substitution;
+ }
+
+ number = parameter_brace_expand_length (name);
+ free (name);
+
+ *indexp = sindex;
+ if (number < 0)
+ return (&expand_wdesc_error);
+ else
+ {
+ ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+ ret->word = itos (number);
+ return ret;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* ${@} is identical to $@. */
+ if (name[0] == '@' && name[1] == '\0')
+ {
+ if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+ *quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
+
+ if (contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+ }
+
+ /* Process ${!PREFIX*} expansion. */
+ if (want_indir && string[sindex - 1] == RBRACE &&
+ (string[sindex - 2] == '*' || string[sindex - 2] == '@') &&
+ legal_variable_starter ((unsigned char) name[1]))
+ {
+ char **x;
+ WORD_LIST *xlist;
+
+ temp1 = savestring (name + 1);
+ number = strlen (temp1);
+ temp1[number - 1] = '\0';
+ x = all_variables_matching_prefix (temp1);
+ xlist = strvec_to_word_list (x, 0, 0);
+ if (string[sindex - 2] == '*')
+ temp = string_list_dollar_star (xlist);
+ else
+ {
+ temp = string_list_dollar_at (xlist, quoted);
+ if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+ *quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
+ if (contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+ }
+ free (x);
+ dispose_words (xlist);
+ free (temp1);
+ *indexp = sindex;
+
+ ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+ ret->word = temp;
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ /* Process ${!ARRAY[@]} and ${!ARRAY[*]} expansion. */ /* [ */
+ if (want_indir && string[sindex - 1] == RBRACE &&
+ string[sindex - 2] == ']' && valid_array_reference (name+1))
+ {
+ char *x, *x1;
+
+ temp1 = savestring (name + 1);
+ x = array_variable_name (temp1, &x1, (int *)0); /* [ */
+ FREE (x);
+ if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (x1[0]) && x1[1] == ']')
+ {
+ temp = array_keys (temp1, quoted); /* handles assoc vars too */
+ if (x1[0] == '@')
+ {
+ if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+ *quoted_dollar_atp = 1;
+ if (contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+ }
+
+ free (temp1);
+ *indexp = sindex;
+
+ ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+ ret->word = temp;
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ free (temp1);
+ }
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+
+ /* Make sure that NAME is valid before trying to go on. */
+ if (valid_brace_expansion_word (want_indir ? name + 1 : name,
+ var_is_special) == 0)
+ {
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+ goto bad_substitution;
+ }
+
+ if (want_indir)
+ tdesc = parameter_brace_expand_indir (name + 1, var_is_special, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at);
+ else
+ tdesc = parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted, PF_IGNUNBOUND|(pflags&PF_NOSPLIT2));
+
+ if (tdesc)
+ {
+ temp = tdesc->word;
+ tflag = tdesc->flags;
+ dispose_word_desc (tdesc);
+ }
+ else
+ temp = (char *)0;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (valid_array_reference (name))
+ chk_atstar (name, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at);
+#endif
+
+ var_is_set = temp != (char *)0;
+ var_is_null = check_nullness && (var_is_set == 0 || *temp == 0);
+
+ /* Get the rest of the stuff inside the braces. */
+ if (c && c != RBRACE)
+ {
+ /* Extract the contents of the ${ ... } expansion
+ according to the Posix.2 rules. */
+ value = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &sindex, quoted, 0);
+ if (string[sindex] == RBRACE)
+ sindex++;
+ else
+ goto bad_substitution;
+ }
+ else
+ value = (char *)NULL;
+
+ *indexp = sindex;
+
+ /* If this is a substring spec, process it and add the result. */
+ if (want_substring)
+ {
+ temp1 = parameter_brace_substring (name, temp, value, quoted);
+ FREE (name);
+ FREE (value);
+ FREE (temp);
+
+ if (temp1 == &expand_param_error)
+ return (&expand_wdesc_error);
+ else if (temp1 == &expand_param_fatal)
+ return (&expand_wdesc_fatal);
+
+ ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+ ret->word = temp1;
+ if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+ ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ return ret;
+ }
+ else if (want_patsub)
+ {
+ temp1 = parameter_brace_patsub (name, temp, value, quoted);
+ FREE (name);
+ FREE (value);
+ FREE (temp);
+
+ if (temp1 == &expand_param_error)
+ return (&expand_wdesc_error);
+ else if (temp1 == &expand_param_fatal)
+ return (&expand_wdesc_fatal);
+
+ ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+ ret->word = temp1;
+ ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+ ret->word = temp1;
+ if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+ ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ return ret;
+ }
+#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS)
+ else if (want_casemod)
+ {
+ temp1 = parameter_brace_casemod (name, temp, modspec, value, quoted);
+ FREE (name);
+ FREE (value);
+ FREE (temp);
+
+ if (temp1 == &expand_param_error)
+ return (&expand_wdesc_error);
+ else if (temp1 == &expand_param_fatal)
+ return (&expand_wdesc_fatal);
+
+ ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+ ret->word = temp1;
+ if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+ ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ return ret;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ /* Do the right thing based on which character ended the variable name. */
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ default:
+ case '\0':
+ bad_substitution:
+ report_error (_("%s: bad substitution"), string ? string : "??");
+ FREE (value);
+ FREE (temp);
+ free (name);
+ return &expand_wdesc_error;
+
+ case RBRACE:
+ if (var_is_set == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && ((name[0] != '@' && name[0] != '*') || name[1]))
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ err_unboundvar (name);
+ FREE (value);
+ FREE (temp);
+ free (name);
+ return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case '#': /* ${param#[#]pattern} */
+ case '%': /* ${param%[%]pattern} */
+ if (value == 0 || *value == '\0' || temp == 0 || *temp == '\0')
+ {
+ FREE (value);
+ break;
+ }
+ temp1 = parameter_brace_remove_pattern (name, temp, value, c, quoted);
+ free (temp);
+ free (value);
+
+ ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+ ret->word = temp1;
+ if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+ ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ return ret;
+
+ case '-':
+ case '=':
+ case '?':
+ case '+':
+ if (var_is_set && var_is_null == 0)
+ {
+ /* If the operator is `+', we don't want the value of the named
+ variable for anything, just the value of the right hand side. */
+
+ if (c == '+')
+ {
+ /* XXX -- if we're double-quoted and the named variable is "$@",
+ we want to turn off any special handling of "$@" --
+ we're not using it, so whatever is on the rhs applies. */
+ if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+ *quoted_dollar_atp = 0;
+ if (contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 0;
+
+ FREE (temp);
+ if (value)
+ {
+ ret = parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c,
+ quoted,
+ quoted_dollar_atp,
+ contains_dollar_at);
+ /* XXX - fix up later, esp. noting presence of
+ W_HASQUOTEDNULL in ret->flags */
+ free (value);
+ }
+ else
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ FREE (value);
+ }
+ /* Otherwise do nothing; just use the value in TEMP. */
+ }
+ else /* VAR not set or VAR is NULL. */
+ {
+ FREE (temp);
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+ if (c == '=' && var_is_special)
+ {
+ report_error (_("$%s: cannot assign in this way"), name);
+ free (name);
+ free (value);
+ return &expand_wdesc_error;
+ }
+ else if (c == '?')
+ {
+ parameter_brace_expand_error (name, value);
+ return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+ }
+ else if (c != '+')
+ {
+ /* XXX -- if we're double-quoted and the named variable is "$@",
+ we want to turn off any special handling of "$@" --
+ we're not using it, so whatever is on the rhs applies. */
+ if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp)
+ *quoted_dollar_atp = 0;
+ if (contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 0;
+
+ ret = parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, quoted,
+ quoted_dollar_atp,
+ contains_dollar_at);
+ /* XXX - fix up later, esp. noting presence of
+ W_HASQUOTEDNULL in tdesc->flags */
+ }
+ free (value);
+ }
+
+ break;
+ }
+ free (name);
+
+ if (ret == 0)
+ {
+ ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+ ret->flags = tflag;
+ ret->word = temp;
+ }
+ return (ret);
+}
+
+/* Expand a single ${xxx} expansion. The braces are optional. When
+ the braces are used, parameter_brace_expand() does the work,
+ possibly calling param_expand recursively. */
+static WORD_DESC *
+param_expand (string, sindex, quoted, expanded_something,
+ contains_dollar_at, quoted_dollar_at_p, had_quoted_null_p,
+ pflags)
+ char *string;
+ int *sindex, quoted, *expanded_something, *contains_dollar_at;
+ int *quoted_dollar_at_p, *had_quoted_null_p, pflags;
+{
+ char *temp, *temp1, uerror[3];
+ int zindex, t_index, expok;
+ unsigned char c;
+ intmax_t number;
+ SHELL_VAR *var;
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ WORD_DESC *tdesc, *ret;
+ int tflag;
+
+ zindex = *sindex;
+ c = string[++zindex];
+
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+ ret = tdesc = (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
+ tflag = 0;
+
+ /* Do simple cases first. Switch on what follows '$'. */
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ /* $0 .. $9? */
+ case '0':
+ case '1':
+ case '2':
+ case '3':
+ case '4':
+ case '5':
+ case '6':
+ case '7':
+ case '8':
+ case '9':
+ temp1 = dollar_vars[TODIGIT (c)];
+ if (unbound_vars_is_error && temp1 == (char *)NULL)
+ {
+ uerror[0] = '$';
+ uerror[1] = c;
+ uerror[2] = '\0';
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ err_unboundvar (uerror);
+ return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+ }
+ if (temp1)
+ temp = (*temp1 && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+ ? quote_string (temp1)
+ : quote_escapes (temp1);
+ else
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+ break;
+
+ /* $$ -- pid of the invoking shell. */
+ case '$':
+ temp = itos (dollar_dollar_pid);
+ break;
+
+ /* $# -- number of positional parameters. */
+ case '#':
+ temp = itos (number_of_args ());
+ break;
+
+ /* $? -- return value of the last synchronous command. */
+ case '?':
+ temp = itos (last_command_exit_value);
+ break;
+
+ /* $- -- flags supplied to the shell on invocation or by `set'. */
+ case '-':
+ temp = which_set_flags ();
+ break;
+
+ /* $! -- Pid of the last asynchronous command. */
+ case '!':
+ /* If no asynchronous pids have been created, expand to nothing.
+ If `set -u' has been executed, and no async processes have
+ been created, this is an expansion error. */
+ if (last_asynchronous_pid == NO_PID)
+ {
+ if (expanded_something)
+ *expanded_something = 0;
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+ if (unbound_vars_is_error)
+ {
+ uerror[0] = '$';
+ uerror[1] = c;
+ uerror[2] = '\0';
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ err_unboundvar (uerror);
+ return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ temp = itos (last_asynchronous_pid);
+ break;
+
+ /* The only difference between this and $@ is when the arg is quoted. */
+ case '*': /* `$*' */
+ list = list_rest_of_args ();
+
+#if 0
+ /* According to austin-group posix proposal by Geoff Clare in
+ <20090505091501.GA10097@squonk.masqnet> of 5 May 2009:
+
+ "The shell shall write a message to standard error and
+ immediately exit when it tries to expand an unset parameter
+ other than the '@' and '*' special parameters."
+ */
+
+ if (list == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && (pflags & PF_IGNUNBOUND) == 0)
+ {
+ uerror[0] = '$';
+ uerror[1] = '*';
+ uerror[2] = '\0';
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ err_unboundvar (uerror);
+ return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ /* If there are no command-line arguments, this should just
+ disappear if there are other characters in the expansion,
+ even if it's quoted. */
+ if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && list == 0)
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+ else if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_PATQUOTE))
+ {
+ /* If we have "$*" we want to make a string of the positional
+ parameters, separated by the first character of $IFS, and
+ quote the whole string, including the separators. If IFS
+ is unset, the parameters are separated by ' '; if $IFS is
+ null, the parameters are concatenated. */
+ temp = (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_PATQUOTE)) ? string_list_dollar_star (list) : string_list (list);
+ temp1 = quote_string (temp);
+ if (*temp == 0)
+ tflag |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ free (temp);
+ temp = temp1;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* We check whether or not we're eventually going to split $* here,
+ for example when IFS is empty and we are processing the rhs of
+ an assignment statement. In that case, we don't separate the
+ arguments at all. Otherwise, if the $* is not quoted it is
+ identical to $@ */
+#if 1
+# if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (expand_no_split_dollar_star && ifs_firstc[0] == 0)
+# else
+ if (expand_no_split_dollar_star && ifs_firstc == 0)
+# endif
+ temp = string_list_dollar_star (list);
+ else
+ temp = string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted);
+#else
+ temp = string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted);
+#endif
+ if (expand_no_split_dollar_star == 0 && contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+ }
+
+ dispose_words (list);
+ break;
+
+ /* When we have "$@" what we want is "$1" "$2" "$3" ... This
+ means that we have to turn quoting off after we split into
+ the individually quoted arguments so that the final split
+ on the first character of $IFS is still done. */
+ case '@': /* `$@' */
+ list = list_rest_of_args ();
+
+#if 0
+ /* According to austin-group posix proposal by Geoff Clare in
+ <20090505091501.GA10097@squonk.masqnet> of 5 May 2009:
+
+ "The shell shall write a message to standard error and
+ immediately exit when it tries to expand an unset parameter
+ other than the '@' and '*' special parameters."
+ */
+
+ if (list == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && (pflags & PF_IGNUNBOUND) == 0)
+ {
+ uerror[0] = '$';
+ uerror[1] = '@';
+ uerror[2] = '\0';
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ err_unboundvar (uerror);
+ return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ /* We want to flag the fact that we saw this. We can't turn
+ off quoting entirely, because other characters in the
+ string might need it (consider "\"$@\""), but we need some
+ way to signal that the final split on the first character
+ of $IFS should be done, even though QUOTED is 1. */
+ /* XXX - should this test include Q_PATQUOTE? */
+ if (quoted_dollar_at_p && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+ *quoted_dollar_at_p = 1;
+ if (contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+
+#if 0
+ if (pflags & PF_NOSPLIT2)
+ temp = string_list_internal (quoted ? quote_list (list) : list, " ");
+ else
+#endif
+ /* We want to separate the positional parameters with the first
+ character of $IFS in case $IFS is something other than a space.
+ We also want to make sure that splitting is done no matter what --
+ according to POSIX.2, this expands to a list of the positional
+ parameters no matter what IFS is set to. */
+ temp = string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted);
+
+ dispose_words (list);
+ break;
+
+ case LBRACE:
+ tdesc = parameter_brace_expand (string, &zindex, quoted, pflags,
+ quoted_dollar_at_p,
+ contains_dollar_at);
+
+ if (tdesc == &expand_wdesc_error || tdesc == &expand_wdesc_fatal)
+ return (tdesc);
+ temp = tdesc ? tdesc->word : (char *)0;
+
+ /* XXX */
+ /* Quoted nulls should be removed if there is anything else
+ in the string. */
+ /* Note that we saw the quoted null so we can add one back at
+ the end of this function if there are no other characters
+ in the string, discard TEMP, and go on. The exception to
+ this is when we have "${@}" and $1 is '', since $@ needs
+ special handling. */
+ if (tdesc && tdesc->word && (tdesc->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL) && QUOTED_NULL (temp))
+ {
+ if (had_quoted_null_p)
+ *had_quoted_null_p = 1;
+ if (*quoted_dollar_at_p == 0)
+ {
+ free (temp);
+ tdesc->word = temp = (char *)NULL;
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ ret = tdesc;
+ goto return0;
+
+ /* Do command or arithmetic substitution. */
+ case LPAREN:
+ /* We have to extract the contents of this paren substitution. */
+ t_index = zindex + 1;
+ temp = extract_command_subst (string, &t_index, 0);
+ zindex = t_index;
+
+ /* For Posix.2-style `$(( ))' arithmetic substitution,
+ extract the expression and pass it to the evaluator. */
+ if (temp && *temp == LPAREN)
+ {
+ char *temp2;
+ temp1 = temp + 1;
+ temp2 = savestring (temp1);
+ t_index = strlen (temp2) - 1;
+
+ if (temp2[t_index] != RPAREN)
+ {
+ free (temp2);
+ goto comsub;
+ }
+
+ /* Cut off ending `)' */
+ temp2[t_index] = '\0';
+
+ if (chk_arithsub (temp2, t_index) == 0)
+ {
+ free (temp2);
+ goto comsub;
+ }
+
+ /* Expand variables found inside the expression. */
+ temp1 = expand_arith_string (temp2, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
+ free (temp2);
+
+arithsub:
+ /* No error messages. */
+ this_command_name = (char *)NULL;
+ number = evalexp (temp1, &expok);
+ free (temp);
+ free (temp1);
+ if (expok == 0)
+ {
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ return (&expand_wdesc_fatal);
+ }
+ else
+ return (&expand_wdesc_error);
+ }
+ temp = itos (number);
+ break;
+ }
+
+comsub:
+ if (pflags & PF_NOCOMSUB)
+ /* we need zindex+1 because string[zindex] == RPAREN */
+ temp1 = substring (string, *sindex, zindex+1);
+ else
+ {
+ tdesc = command_substitute (temp, quoted);
+ temp1 = tdesc ? tdesc->word : (char *)NULL;
+ if (tdesc)
+ dispose_word_desc (tdesc);
+ }
+ FREE (temp);
+ temp = temp1;
+ break;
+
+ /* Do POSIX.2d9-style arithmetic substitution. This will probably go
+ away in a future bash release. */
+ case '[':
+ /* Extract the contents of this arithmetic substitution. */
+ t_index = zindex + 1;
+ temp = extract_arithmetic_subst (string, &t_index);
+ zindex = t_index;
+ if (temp == 0)
+ {
+ temp = savestring (string);
+ if (expanded_something)
+ *expanded_something = 0;
+ goto return0;
+ }
+
+ /* Do initial variable expansion. */
+ temp1 = expand_arith_string (temp, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
+
+ goto arithsub;
+
+ default:
+ /* Find the variable in VARIABLE_LIST. */
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+ for (t_index = zindex; (c = string[zindex]) && legal_variable_char (c); zindex++)
+ ;
+ temp1 = (zindex > t_index) ? substring (string, t_index, zindex) : (char *)NULL;
+
+ /* If this isn't a variable name, then just output the `$'. */
+ if (temp1 == 0 || *temp1 == '\0')
+ {
+ FREE (temp1);
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (2);
+ temp[0] = '$';
+ temp[1] = '\0';
+ if (expanded_something)
+ *expanded_something = 0;
+ goto return0;
+ }
+
+ /* If the variable exists, return its value cell. */
+ var = find_variable (temp1);
+
+ if (var && invisible_p (var) == 0 && var_isset (var))
+ {
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (assoc_p (var) || array_p (var))
+ {
+ temp = array_p (var) ? array_reference (array_cell (var), 0)
+ : assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), "0");
+ if (temp)
+ temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+ ? quote_string (temp)
+ : quote_escapes (temp);
+ else if (unbound_vars_is_error)
+ goto unbound_variable;
+ }
+ else
+#endif
+ {
+ temp = value_cell (var);
+
+ temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)))
+ ? quote_string (temp)
+ : quote_escapes (temp);
+ }
+
+ free (temp1);
+
+ goto return0;
+ }
+
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+unbound_variable:
+ if (unbound_vars_is_error)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ err_unboundvar (temp1);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ free (temp1);
+ goto return0;
+ }
+
+ free (temp1);
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ return ((unbound_vars_is_error && interactive_shell == 0)
+ ? &expand_wdesc_fatal
+ : &expand_wdesc_error);
+ }
+
+ if (string[zindex])
+ zindex++;
+
+return0:
+ *sindex = zindex;
+
+ if (ret == 0)
+ {
+ ret = alloc_word_desc ();
+ ret->flags = tflag; /* XXX */
+ ret->word = temp;
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Make a word list which is the result of parameter and variable
+ expansion, command substitution, arithmetic substitution, and
+ quote removal of WORD. Return a pointer to a WORD_LIST which is
+ the result of the expansion. If WORD contains a null word, the
+ word list returned is also null.
+
+ QUOTED contains flag values defined in shell.h.
+
+ ISEXP is used to tell expand_word_internal that the word should be
+ treated as the result of an expansion. This has implications for
+ how IFS characters in the word are treated.
+
+ CONTAINS_DOLLAR_AT and EXPANDED_SOMETHING are return values; when non-null
+ they point to an integer value which receives information about expansion.
+ CONTAINS_DOLLAR_AT gets non-zero if WORD contained "$@", else zero.
+ EXPANDED_SOMETHING get non-zero if WORD contained any parameter expansions,
+ else zero.
+
+ This only does word splitting in the case of $@ expansion. In that
+ case, we split on ' '. */
+
+/* Values for the local variable quoted_state. */
+#define UNQUOTED 0
+#define PARTIALLY_QUOTED 1
+#define WHOLLY_QUOTED 2
+
+static WORD_LIST *
+expand_word_internal (word, quoted, isexp, contains_dollar_at, expanded_something)
+ WORD_DESC *word;
+ int quoted, isexp;
+ int *contains_dollar_at;
+ int *expanded_something;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ WORD_DESC *tword;
+
+ /* The intermediate string that we build while expanding. */
+ char *istring;
+
+ /* The current size of the above object. */
+ int istring_size;
+
+ /* Index into ISTRING. */
+ int istring_index;
+
+ /* Temporary string storage. */
+ char *temp, *temp1;
+
+ /* The text of WORD. */
+ register char *string;
+
+ /* The size of STRING. */
+ size_t string_size;
+
+ /* The index into STRING. */
+ int sindex;
+
+ /* This gets 1 if we see a $@ while quoted. */
+ int quoted_dollar_at;
+
+ /* One of UNQUOTED, PARTIALLY_QUOTED, or WHOLLY_QUOTED, depending on
+ whether WORD contains no quoting characters, a partially quoted
+ string (e.g., "xx"ab), or is fully quoted (e.g., "xxab"). */
+ int quoted_state;
+
+ /* State flags */
+ int had_quoted_null;
+ int has_dollar_at;
+ int tflag;
+ int pflags; /* flags passed to param_expand */
+
+ int assignoff; /* If assignment, offset of `=' */
+
+ register unsigned char c; /* Current character. */
+ int t_index; /* For calls to string_extract_xxx. */
+
+ char twochars[2];
+
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ istring = (char *)xmalloc (istring_size = DEFAULT_INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE);
+ istring[istring_index = 0] = '\0';
+ quoted_dollar_at = had_quoted_null = has_dollar_at = 0;
+ quoted_state = UNQUOTED;
+
+ string = word->word;
+ if (string == 0)
+ goto finished_with_string;
+ /* Don't need the string length for the SADD... and COPY_ macros unless
+ multibyte characters are possible. */
+ string_size = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 1;
+
+ if (contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 0;
+
+ assignoff = -1;
+
+ /* Begin the expansion. */
+
+ for (sindex = 0; ;)
+ {
+ c = string[sindex];
+
+ /* Case on toplevel character. */
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ case '\0':
+ goto finished_with_string;
+
+ case CTLESC:
+ sindex++;
+#if HANDLE_MULTIBYTE
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && string[sindex])
+ {
+ SADD_MBQCHAR_BODY(temp, string, sindex, string_size);
+ }
+ else
+#endif
+ {
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ temp[0] = CTLESC;
+ temp[1] = c = string[sindex];
+ temp[2] = '\0';
+ }
+
+dollar_add_string:
+ if (string[sindex])
+ sindex++;
+
+add_string:
+ if (temp)
+ {
+ istring = sub_append_string (temp, istring, &istring_index, &istring_size);
+ temp = (char *)0;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ /* Process substitution. */
+ case '<':
+ case '>':
+ {
+ if (string[++sindex] != LPAREN || (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || (word->flags & (W_DQUOTE|W_NOPROCSUB)) || posixly_correct)
+ {
+ sindex--; /* add_character: label increments sindex */
+ goto add_character;
+ }
+ else
+ t_index = sindex + 1; /* skip past both '<' and LPAREN */
+
+ temp1 = extract_process_subst (string, (c == '<') ? "<(" : ">(", &t_index); /*))*/
+ sindex = t_index;
+
+ /* If the process substitution specification is `<()', we want to
+ open the pipe for writing in the child and produce output; if
+ it is `>()', we want to open the pipe for reading in the child
+ and consume input. */
+ temp = temp1 ? process_substitute (temp1, (c == '>')) : (char *)0;
+
+ FREE (temp1);
+
+ goto dollar_add_string;
+ }
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+
+ case '=':
+ /* Posix.2 section 3.6.1 says that tildes following `=' in words
+ which are not assignment statements are not expanded. If the
+ shell isn't in posix mode, though, we perform tilde expansion
+ on `likely candidate' unquoted assignment statements (flags
+ include W_ASSIGNMENT but not W_QUOTED). A likely candidate
+ contains an unquoted :~ or =~. Something to think about: we
+ now have a flag that says to perform tilde expansion on arguments
+ to `assignment builtins' like declare and export that look like
+ assignment statements. We now do tilde expansion on such words
+ even in POSIX mode. */
+ if (word->flags & (W_ASSIGNRHS|W_NOTILDE))
+ {
+ if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c))
+ goto add_ifs_character;
+ else
+ goto add_character;
+ }
+ /* If we're not in posix mode or forcing assignment-statement tilde
+ expansion, note where the `=' appears in the word and prepare to
+ do tilde expansion following the first `='. */
+ if ((word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) &&
+ (posixly_correct == 0 || (word->flags & W_TILDEEXP)) &&
+ assignoff == -1 && sindex > 0)
+ assignoff = sindex;
+ if (sindex == assignoff && string[sindex+1] == '~') /* XXX */
+ word->flags |= W_ITILDE;
+#if 0
+ else if ((word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) &&
+ (posixly_correct == 0 || (word->flags & W_TILDEEXP)) &&
+ string[sindex+1] == '~')
+ word->flags |= W_ITILDE;
+#endif
+ if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c))
+ goto add_ifs_character;
+ else
+ goto add_character;
+
+ case ':':
+ if (word->flags & W_NOTILDE)
+ {
+ if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c))
+ goto add_ifs_character;
+ else
+ goto add_character;
+ }
+
+ if ((word->flags & (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_ASSIGNRHS|W_TILDEEXP)) &&
+ string[sindex+1] == '~')
+ word->flags |= W_ITILDE;
+
+ if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c))
+ goto add_ifs_character;
+ else
+ goto add_character;
+
+ case '~':
+ /* If the word isn't supposed to be tilde expanded, or we're not
+ at the start of a word or after an unquoted : or = in an
+ assignment statement, we don't do tilde expansion. */
+ if ((word->flags & (W_NOTILDE|W_DQUOTE)) ||
+ (sindex > 0 && ((word->flags & W_ITILDE) == 0)) ||
+ (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+ {
+ word->flags &= ~W_ITILDE;
+ if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c) && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) == 0)
+ goto add_ifs_character;
+ else
+ goto add_character;
+ }
+
+ if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNRHS)
+ tflag = 2;
+ else if (word->flags & (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_TILDEEXP))
+ tflag = 1;
+ else
+ tflag = 0;
+
+ temp = bash_tilde_find_word (string + sindex, tflag, &t_index);
+
+ word->flags &= ~W_ITILDE;
+
+ if (temp && *temp && t_index > 0)
+ {
+ temp1 = bash_tilde_expand (temp, tflag);
+ if (temp1 && *temp1 == '~' && STREQ (temp, temp1))
+ {
+ FREE (temp);
+ FREE (temp1);
+ goto add_character; /* tilde expansion failed */
+ }
+ free (temp);
+ temp = temp1;
+ sindex += t_index;
+ goto add_quoted_string; /* XXX was add_string */
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ FREE (temp);
+ goto add_character;
+ }
+
+ case '$':
+ if (expanded_something)
+ *expanded_something = 1;
+
+ has_dollar_at = 0;
+ pflags = (word->flags & W_NOCOMSUB) ? PF_NOCOMSUB : 0;
+ if (word->flags & W_NOSPLIT2)
+ pflags |= PF_NOSPLIT2;
+ tword = param_expand (string, &sindex, quoted, expanded_something,
+ &has_dollar_at, "ed_dollar_at,
+ &had_quoted_null, pflags);
+
+ if (tword == &expand_wdesc_error || tword == &expand_wdesc_fatal)
+ {
+ free (string);
+ free (istring);
+ return ((tword == &expand_wdesc_error) ? &expand_word_error
+ : &expand_word_fatal);
+ }
+ if (contains_dollar_at && has_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+
+ if (tword && (tword->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL))
+ had_quoted_null = 1;
+
+ temp = tword->word;
+ dispose_word_desc (tword);
+
+ goto add_string;
+ break;
+
+ case '`': /* Backquoted command substitution. */
+ {
+ t_index = sindex++;
+
+ temp = string_extract (string, &sindex, "`", SX_REQMATCH);
+ /* The test of sindex against t_index is to allow bare instances of
+ ` to pass through, for backwards compatibility. */
+ if (temp == &extract_string_error || temp == &extract_string_fatal)
+ {
+ if (sindex - 1 == t_index)
+ {
+ sindex = t_index;
+ goto add_character;
+ }
+ report_error (_("bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s") , string+t_index);
+ free (string);
+ free (istring);
+ return ((temp == &extract_string_error) ? &expand_word_error
+ : &expand_word_fatal);
+ }
+
+ if (expanded_something)
+ *expanded_something = 1;
+
+ if (word->flags & W_NOCOMSUB)
+ /* sindex + 1 because string[sindex] == '`' */
+ temp1 = substring (string, t_index, sindex + 1);
+ else
+ {
+ de_backslash (temp);
+ tword = command_substitute (temp, quoted);
+ temp1 = tword ? tword->word : (char *)NULL;
+ if (tword)
+ dispose_word_desc (tword);
+ }
+ FREE (temp);
+ temp = temp1;
+ goto dollar_add_string;
+ }
+
+ case '\\':
+ if (string[sindex + 1] == '\n')
+ {
+ sindex += 2;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ c = string[++sindex];
+
+ if (quoted & Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)
+ tflag = CBSHDOC;
+ else if (quoted & Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)
+ tflag = CBSDQUOTE;
+ else
+ tflag = 0;
+
+ if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && ((sh_syntaxtab[c] & tflag) == 0))
+ {
+ SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, '\\', c, string, sindex, string_size);
+ }
+ else if (c == 0)
+ {
+ c = CTLNUL;
+ sindex--; /* add_character: label increments sindex */
+ goto add_character;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, CTLESC, c, string, sindex, string_size);
+ }
+
+ sindex++;
+add_twochars:
+ /* BEFORE jumping here, we need to increment sindex if appropriate */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 2, istring_size,
+ DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
+ istring[istring_index++] = twochars[0];
+ istring[istring_index++] = twochars[1];
+ istring[istring_index] = '\0';
+
+ break;
+
+ case '"':
+#if 0
+ if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) || (word->flags & W_DQUOTE))
+#else
+ if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+#endif
+ goto add_character;
+
+ t_index = ++sindex;
+ temp = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &sindex, 0);
+
+ /* If the quotes surrounded the entire string, then the
+ whole word was quoted. */
+ quoted_state = (t_index == 1 && string[sindex] == '\0')
+ ? WHOLLY_QUOTED
+ : PARTIALLY_QUOTED;
+
+ if (temp && *temp)
+ {
+ tword = alloc_word_desc ();
+ tword->word = temp;
+
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+ has_dollar_at = 0;
+ /* Need to get W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag through this function. */
+ list = expand_word_internal (tword, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, 0, &has_dollar_at, (int *)NULL);
+
+ if (list == &expand_word_error || list == &expand_word_fatal)
+ {
+ free (istring);
+ free (string);
+ /* expand_word_internal has already freed temp_word->word
+ for us because of the way it prints error messages. */
+ tword->word = (char *)NULL;
+ dispose_word (tword);
+ return list;
+ }
+
+ dispose_word (tword);
+
+ /* "$@" (a double-quoted dollar-at) expands into nothing,
+ not even a NULL word, when there are no positional
+ parameters. */
+ if (list == 0 && has_dollar_at)
+ {
+ quoted_dollar_at++;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* If we get "$@", we know we have expanded something, so we
+ need to remember it for the final split on $IFS. This is
+ a special case; it's the only case where a quoted string
+ can expand into more than one word. It's going to come back
+ from the above call to expand_word_internal as a list with
+ a single word, in which all characters are quoted and
+ separated by blanks. What we want to do is to turn it back
+ into a list for the next piece of code. */
+ if (list)
+ dequote_list (list);
+
+ if (list && list->word && (list->word->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL))
+ had_quoted_null = 1;
+
+ if (has_dollar_at)
+ {
+ quoted_dollar_at++;
+ if (contains_dollar_at)
+ *contains_dollar_at = 1;
+ if (expanded_something)
+ *expanded_something = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* What we have is "". This is a minor optimization. */
+ FREE (temp);
+ list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* The code above *might* return a list (consider the case of "$@",
+ where it returns "$1", "$2", etc.). We can't throw away the
+ rest of the list, and we have to make sure each word gets added
+ as quoted. We test on tresult->next: if it is non-NULL, we
+ quote the whole list, save it to a string with string_list, and
+ add that string. We don't need to quote the results of this
+ (and it would be wrong, since that would quote the separators
+ as well), so we go directly to add_string. */
+ if (list)
+ {
+ if (list->next)
+ {
+#if 0
+ if (quoted_dollar_at && word->flags & W_NOSPLIT2)
+ temp = string_list_internal (quote_list (list), " ");
+ else
+#endif
+ /* Testing quoted_dollar_at makes sure that "$@" is
+ split correctly when $IFS does not contain a space. */
+ temp = quoted_dollar_at
+ ? string_list_dollar_at (list, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)
+ : string_list (quote_list (list));
+ dispose_words (list);
+ goto add_string;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ temp = savestring (list->word->word);
+ tflag = list->word->flags;
+ dispose_words (list);
+
+ /* If the string is not a quoted null string, we want
+ to remove any embedded unquoted CTLNUL characters.
+ We do not want to turn quoted null strings back into
+ the empty string, though. We do this because we
+ want to remove any quoted nulls from expansions that
+ contain other characters. For example, if we have
+ x"$*"y or "x$*y" and there are no positional parameters,
+ the $* should expand into nothing. */
+ /* We use the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag to differentiate the
+ cases: a quoted null character as above and when
+ CTLNUL is contained in the (non-null) expansion
+ of some variable. We use the had_quoted_null flag to
+ pass the value through this function to its caller. */
+ if ((tflag & W_HASQUOTEDNULL) && QUOTED_NULL (temp) == 0)
+ remove_quoted_nulls (temp); /* XXX */
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+ /* We do not want to add quoted nulls to strings that are only
+ partially quoted; we can throw them away. */
+ if (temp == 0 && quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED)
+ continue;
+
+ add_quoted_string:
+
+ if (temp)
+ {
+ temp1 = temp;
+ temp = quote_string (temp);
+ free (temp1);
+ goto add_string;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Add NULL arg. */
+ c = CTLNUL;
+ sindex--; /* add_character: label increments sindex */
+ goto add_character;
+ }
+
+ /* break; */
+
+ case '\'':
+#if 0
+ if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) || (word->flags & W_DQUOTE))
+#else
+ if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)))
+#endif
+ goto add_character;
+
+ t_index = ++sindex;
+ temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &sindex);
+
+ /* If the entire STRING was surrounded by single quotes,
+ then the string is wholly quoted. */
+ quoted_state = (t_index == 1 && string[sindex] == '\0')
+ ? WHOLLY_QUOTED
+ : PARTIALLY_QUOTED;
+
+ /* If all we had was '', it is a null expansion. */
+ if (*temp == '\0')
+ {
+ free (temp);
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ remove_quoted_escapes (temp); /* ??? */
+
+ /* We do not want to add quoted nulls to strings that are only
+ partially quoted; such nulls are discarded. */
+ if (temp == 0 && (quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED))
+ continue;
+
+ /* If we have a quoted null expansion, add a quoted NULL to istring. */
+ if (temp == 0)
+ {
+ c = CTLNUL;
+ sindex--; /* add_character: label increments sindex */
+ goto add_character;
+ }
+ else
+ goto add_quoted_string;
+
+ /* break; */
+
+ default:
+ /* This is the fix for " $@ " */
+ add_ifs_character:
+ if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || (isexp == 0 && isifs (c)))
+ {
+ if (string[sindex]) /* from old goto dollar_add_string */
+ sindex++;
+ if (c == 0)
+ {
+ c = CTLNUL;
+ goto add_character;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+#if HANDLE_MULTIBYTE
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
+ sindex--;
+
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
+ {
+ SADD_MBQCHAR_BODY(temp, string, sindex, string_size);
+ }
+ else
+#endif
+ {
+ twochars[0] = CTLESC;
+ twochars[1] = c;
+ goto add_twochars;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ SADD_MBCHAR (temp, string, sindex, string_size);
+
+ add_character:
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 1, istring_size,
+ DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE);
+ istring[istring_index++] = c;
+ istring[istring_index] = '\0';
+
+ /* Next character. */
+ sindex++;
+ }
+ }
+
+finished_with_string:
+ /* OK, we're ready to return. If we have a quoted string, and
+ quoted_dollar_at is not set, we do no splitting at all; otherwise
+ we split on ' '. The routines that call this will handle what to
+ do if nothing has been expanded. */
+
+ /* Partially and wholly quoted strings which expand to the empty
+ string are retained as an empty arguments. Unquoted strings
+ which expand to the empty string are discarded. The single
+ exception is the case of expanding "$@" when there are no
+ positional parameters. In that case, we discard the expansion. */
+
+ /* Because of how the code that handles "" and '' in partially
+ quoted strings works, we need to make ISTRING into a QUOTED_NULL
+ if we saw quoting characters, but the expansion was empty.
+ "" and '' are tossed away before we get to this point when
+ processing partially quoted strings. This makes "" and $xxx""
+ equivalent when xxx is unset. We also look to see whether we
+ saw a quoted null from a ${} expansion and add one back if we
+ need to. */
+
+ /* If we expand to nothing and there were no single or double quotes
+ in the word, we throw it away. Otherwise, we return a NULL word.
+ The single exception is for $@ surrounded by double quotes when
+ there are no positional parameters. In that case, we also throw
+ the word away. */
+
+ if (*istring == '\0')
+ {
+ if (quoted_dollar_at == 0 && (had_quoted_null || quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED))
+ {
+ istring[0] = CTLNUL;
+ istring[1] = '\0';
+ tword = make_bare_word (istring);
+ tword->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; /* XXX */
+ list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+ tword->flags |= W_QUOTED;
+ }
+ /* According to sh, ksh, and Posix.2, if a word expands into nothing
+ and a double-quoted "$@" appears anywhere in it, then the entire
+ word is removed. */
+ else if (quoted_state == UNQUOTED || quoted_dollar_at)
+ list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+#if 0
+ else
+ {
+ tword = make_bare_word (istring);
+ if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+ tword->flags |= W_QUOTED;
+ list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ }
+#else
+ else
+ list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+#endif
+ }
+ else if (word->flags & W_NOSPLIT)
+ {
+ tword = make_bare_word (istring);
+ if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT)
+ tword->flags |= W_ASSIGNMENT; /* XXX */
+ if (word->flags & W_COMPASSIGN)
+ tword->flags |= W_COMPASSIGN; /* XXX */
+ if (word->flags & W_NOGLOB)
+ tword->flags |= W_NOGLOB; /* XXX */
+ if (word->flags & W_NOEXPAND)
+ tword->flags |= W_NOEXPAND; /* XXX */
+ if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))
+ tword->flags |= W_QUOTED;
+ if (had_quoted_null)
+ tword->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL;
+ list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ char *ifs_chars;
+
+ ifs_chars = (quoted_dollar_at || has_dollar_at) ? ifs_value : (char *)NULL;
+
+ /* If we have $@, we need to split the results no matter what. If
+ IFS is unset or NULL, string_list_dollar_at has separated the
+ positional parameters with a space, so we split on space (we have
+ set ifs_chars to " \t\n" above if ifs is unset). If IFS is set,
+ string_list_dollar_at has separated the positional parameters
+ with the first character of $IFS, so we split on $IFS. */
+ if (has_dollar_at && ifs_chars)
+ list = list_string (istring, *ifs_chars ? ifs_chars : " ", 1);
+ else
+ {
+ tword = make_bare_word (istring);
+ if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) || (quoted_state == WHOLLY_QUOTED))
+ tword->flags |= W_QUOTED;
+ if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT)
+ tword->flags |= W_ASSIGNMENT;
+ if (word->flags & W_COMPASSIGN)
+ tword->flags |= W_COMPASSIGN;
+ if (word->flags & W_NOGLOB)
+ tword->flags |= W_NOGLOB;
+ if (word->flags & W_NOEXPAND)
+ tword->flags |= W_NOEXPAND;
+ if (had_quoted_null)
+ tword->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; /* XXX */
+ list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ }
+ }
+
+ free (istring);
+ return (list);
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Functions for Quote Removal */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Perform quote removal on STRING. If QUOTED > 0, assume we are obeying the
+ backslash quoting rules for within double quotes or a here document. */
+char *
+string_quote_removal (string, quoted)
+ char *string;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ size_t slen;
+ char *r, *result_string, *temp, *send;
+ int sindex, tindex, dquote;
+ unsigned char c;
+ DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+ /* The result can be no longer than the original string. */
+ slen = strlen (string);
+ send = string + slen;
+
+ r = result_string = (char *)xmalloc (slen + 1);
+
+ for (dquote = sindex = 0; c = string[sindex];)
+ {
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ case '\\':
+ c = string[++sindex];
+ if (c == 0)
+ {
+ *r++ = '\\';
+ break;
+ }
+ if (((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || dquote) && (sh_syntaxtab[c] & CBSDQUOTE) == 0)
+ *r++ = '\\';
+ /* FALLTHROUGH */
+
+ default:
+ SCOPY_CHAR_M (r, string, send, sindex);
+ break;
+
+ case '\'':
+ if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || dquote)
+ {
+ *r++ = c;
+ sindex++;
+ break;
+ }
+ tindex = sindex + 1;
+ temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &tindex);
+ if (temp)
+ {
+ strcpy (r, temp);
+ r += strlen (r);
+ free (temp);
+ }
+ sindex = tindex;
+ break;
+
+ case '"':
+ dquote = 1 - dquote;
+ sindex++;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ *r = '\0';
+ return (result_string);
+}
+
+#if 0
+/* UNUSED */
+/* Perform quote removal on word WORD. This allocates and returns a new
+ WORD_DESC *. */
+WORD_DESC *
+word_quote_removal (word, quoted)
+ WORD_DESC *word;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ WORD_DESC *w;
+ char *t;
+
+ t = string_quote_removal (word->word, quoted);
+ w = alloc_word_desc ();
+ w->word = t ? t : savestring ("");
+ return (w);
+}
+
+/* Perform quote removal on all words in LIST. If QUOTED is non-zero,
+ the members of the list are treated as if they are surrounded by
+ double quotes. Return a new list, or NULL if LIST is NULL. */
+WORD_LIST *
+word_list_quote_removal (list, quoted)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ int quoted;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *result, *t, *tresult, *e;
+
+ for (t = list, result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; t; t = t->next)
+ {
+ tresult = make_word_list (word_quote_removal (t->word, quoted), (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+#if 0
+ result = (WORD_LIST *) list_append (result, tresult);
+#else
+ if (result == 0)
+ result = e = tresult;
+ else
+ {
+ e->next = tresult;
+ while (e->next)
+ e = e->next;
+ }
+#endif
+ }
+ return (result);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*******************************************
+ * *
+ * Functions to perform word splitting *
+ * *
+ *******************************************/
+
+void
+setifs (v)
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+{
+ char *t;
+ unsigned char uc;
+
+ ifs_var = v;
+ ifs_value = (v && value_cell (v)) ? value_cell (v) : " \t\n";
+
+ /* Should really merge ifs_cmap with sh_syntaxtab. XXX - doesn't yet
+ handle multibyte chars in IFS */
+ memset (ifs_cmap, '\0', sizeof (ifs_cmap));
+ for (t = ifs_value ; t && *t; t++)
+ {
+ uc = *t;
+ ifs_cmap[uc] = 1;
+ }
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (ifs_value == 0)
+ {
+ ifs_firstc[0] = '\0';
+ ifs_firstc_len = 1;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ size_t ifs_len;
+ ifs_len = strnlen (ifs_value, MB_CUR_MAX);
+ ifs_firstc_len = MBLEN (ifs_value, ifs_len);
+ if (ifs_firstc_len == 1 || ifs_firstc_len == 0 || MB_INVALIDCH (ifs_firstc_len))
+ {
+ ifs_firstc[0] = ifs_value[0];
+ ifs_firstc[1] = '\0';
+ ifs_firstc_len = 1;
+ }
+ else
+ memcpy (ifs_firstc, ifs_value, ifs_firstc_len);
+ }
+#else
+ ifs_firstc = ifs_value ? *ifs_value : 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+char *
+getifs ()
+{
+ return ifs_value;
+}
+
+/* This splits a single word into a WORD LIST on $IFS, but only if the word
+ is not quoted. list_string () performs quote removal for us, even if we
+ don't do any splitting. */
+WORD_LIST *
+word_split (w, ifs_chars)
+ WORD_DESC *w;
+ char *ifs_chars;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *result;
+
+ if (w)
+ {
+ char *xifs;
+
+ xifs = ((w->flags & W_QUOTED) || ifs_chars == 0) ? "" : ifs_chars;
+ result = list_string (w->word, xifs, w->flags & W_QUOTED);
+ }
+ else
+ result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* Perform word splitting on LIST and return the RESULT. It is possible
+ to return (WORD_LIST *)NULL. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+word_list_split (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *result, *t, *tresult, *e;
+
+ for (t = list, result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; t; t = t->next)
+ {
+ tresult = word_split (t->word, ifs_value);
+ if (result == 0)
+ result = e = tresult;
+ else
+ {
+ e->next = tresult;
+ while (e->next)
+ e = e->next;
+ }
+ }
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/**************************************************
+ * *
+ * Functions to expand an entire WORD_LIST *
+ * *
+ **************************************************/
+
+/* Do any word-expansion-specific cleanup and jump to top_level */
+static void
+exp_jump_to_top_level (v)
+ int v;
+{
+ set_pipestatus_from_exit (last_command_exit_value);
+
+ /* Cleanup code goes here. */
+ expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0; /* XXX */
+ expanding_redir = 0;
+ assigning_in_environment = 0;
+
+ if (parse_and_execute_level == 0)
+ top_level_cleanup (); /* from sig.c */
+
+ jump_to_top_level (v);
+}
+
+/* Put NLIST (which is a WORD_LIST * of only one element) at the front of
+ ELIST, and set ELIST to the new list. */
+#define PREPEND_LIST(nlist, elist) \
+ do { nlist->next = elist; elist = nlist; } while (0)
+
+/* Separate out any initial variable assignments from TLIST. If set -k has
+ been executed, remove all assignment statements from TLIST. Initial
+ variable assignments and other environment assignments are placed
+ on SUBST_ASSIGN_VARLIST. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+separate_out_assignments (tlist)
+ WORD_LIST *tlist;
+{
+ register WORD_LIST *vp, *lp;
+
+ if (tlist == 0)
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ if (subst_assign_varlist)
+ dispose_words (subst_assign_varlist); /* Clean up after previous error */
+
+ subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+ vp = lp = tlist;
+
+ /* Separate out variable assignments at the start of the command.
+ Loop invariant: vp->next == lp
+ Loop postcondition:
+ lp = list of words left after assignment statements skipped
+ tlist = original list of words
+ */
+ while (lp && (lp->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT))
+ {
+ vp = lp;
+ lp = lp->next;
+ }
+
+ /* If lp != tlist, we have some initial assignment statements.
+ We make SUBST_ASSIGN_VARLIST point to the list of assignment
+ words and TLIST point to the remaining words. */
+ if (lp != tlist)
+ {
+ subst_assign_varlist = tlist;
+ /* ASSERT(vp->next == lp); */
+ vp->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; /* terminate variable list */
+ tlist = lp; /* remainder of word list */
+ }
+
+ /* vp == end of variable list */
+ /* tlist == remainder of original word list without variable assignments */
+ if (!tlist)
+ /* All the words in tlist were assignment statements */
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ /* ASSERT(tlist != NULL); */
+ /* ASSERT((tlist->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) == 0); */
+
+ /* If the -k option is in effect, we need to go through the remaining
+ words, separate out the assignment words, and place them on
+ SUBST_ASSIGN_VARLIST. */
+ if (place_keywords_in_env)
+ {
+ WORD_LIST *tp; /* tp == running pointer into tlist */
+
+ tp = tlist;
+ lp = tlist->next;
+
+ /* Loop Invariant: tp->next == lp */
+ /* Loop postcondition: tlist == word list without assignment statements */
+ while (lp)
+ {
+ if (lp->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT)
+ {
+ /* Found an assignment statement, add this word to end of
+ subst_assign_varlist (vp). */
+ if (!subst_assign_varlist)
+ subst_assign_varlist = vp = lp;
+ else
+ {
+ vp->next = lp;
+ vp = lp;
+ }
+
+ /* Remove the word pointed to by LP from TLIST. */
+ tp->next = lp->next;
+ /* ASSERT(vp == lp); */
+ lp->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+ lp = tp->next;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ tp = lp;
+ lp = lp->next;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return (tlist);
+}
+
+#define WEXP_VARASSIGN 0x001
+#define WEXP_BRACEEXP 0x002
+#define WEXP_TILDEEXP 0x004
+#define WEXP_PARAMEXP 0x008
+#define WEXP_PATHEXP 0x010
+
+/* All of the expansions, including variable assignments at the start of
+ the list. */
+#define WEXP_ALL (WEXP_VARASSIGN|WEXP_BRACEEXP|WEXP_TILDEEXP|WEXP_PARAMEXP|WEXP_PATHEXP)
+
+/* All of the expansions except variable assignments at the start of
+ the list. */
+#define WEXP_NOVARS (WEXP_BRACEEXP|WEXP_TILDEEXP|WEXP_PARAMEXP|WEXP_PATHEXP)
+
+/* All of the `shell expansions': brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter
+ expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, word splitting, and
+ quote removal. */
+#define WEXP_SHELLEXP (WEXP_BRACEEXP|WEXP_TILDEEXP|WEXP_PARAMEXP)
+
+/* Take the list of words in LIST and do the various substitutions. Return
+ a new list of words which is the expanded list, and without things like
+ variable assignments. */
+
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_words (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ return (expand_word_list_internal (list, WEXP_ALL));
+}
+
+/* Same as expand_words (), but doesn't hack variable or environment
+ variables. */
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_words_no_vars (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ return (expand_word_list_internal (list, WEXP_NOVARS));
+}
+
+WORD_LIST *
+expand_words_shellexp (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ return (expand_word_list_internal (list, WEXP_SHELLEXP));
+}
+
+static WORD_LIST *
+glob_expand_word_list (tlist, eflags)
+ WORD_LIST *tlist;
+ int eflags;
+{
+ char **glob_array, *temp_string;
+ register int glob_index;
+ WORD_LIST *glob_list, *output_list, *disposables, *next;
+ WORD_DESC *tword;
+
+ output_list = disposables = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+ glob_array = (char **)NULL;
+ while (tlist)
+ {
+ /* For each word, either globbing is attempted or the word is
+ added to orig_list. If globbing succeeds, the results are
+ added to orig_list and the word (tlist) is added to the list
+ of disposable words. If globbing fails and failed glob
+ expansions are left unchanged (the shell default), the
+ original word is added to orig_list. If globbing fails and
+ failed glob expansions are removed, the original word is
+ added to the list of disposable words. orig_list ends up
+ in reverse order and requires a call to REVERSE_LIST to
+ be set right. After all words are examined, the disposable
+ words are freed. */
+ next = tlist->next;
+
+ /* If the word isn't an assignment and contains an unquoted
+ pattern matching character, then glob it. */
+ if ((tlist->word->flags & W_NOGLOB) == 0 &&
+ unquoted_glob_pattern_p (tlist->word->word))
+ {
+ glob_array = shell_glob_filename (tlist->word->word);
+
+ /* Handle error cases.
+ I don't think we should report errors like "No such file
+ or directory". However, I would like to report errors
+ like "Read failed". */
+
+ if (glob_array == 0 || GLOB_FAILED (glob_array))
+ {
+ glob_array = (char **)xmalloc (sizeof (char *));
+ glob_array[0] = (char *)NULL;
+ }
+
+ /* Dequote the current word in case we have to use it. */
+ if (glob_array[0] == NULL)
+ {
+ temp_string = dequote_string (tlist->word->word);
+ free (tlist->word->word);
+ tlist->word->word = temp_string;
+ }
+
+ /* Make the array into a word list. */
+ glob_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+ for (glob_index = 0; glob_array[glob_index]; glob_index++)
+ {
+ tword = make_bare_word (glob_array[glob_index]);
+ tword->flags |= W_GLOBEXP; /* XXX */
+ glob_list = make_word_list (tword, glob_list);
+ }
+
+ if (glob_list)
+ {
+ output_list = (WORD_LIST *)list_append (glob_list, output_list);
+ PREPEND_LIST (tlist, disposables);
+ }
+ else if (fail_glob_expansion != 0)
+ {
+ report_error (_("no match: %s"), tlist->word->word);
+ exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+ else if (allow_null_glob_expansion == 0)
+ {
+ /* Failed glob expressions are left unchanged. */
+ PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Failed glob expressions are removed. */
+ PREPEND_LIST (tlist, disposables);
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Dequote the string. */
+ temp_string = dequote_string (tlist->word->word);
+ free (tlist->word->word);
+ tlist->word->word = temp_string;
+ PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
+ }
+
+ strvec_dispose (glob_array);
+ glob_array = (char **)NULL;
+
+ tlist = next;
+ }
+
+ if (disposables)
+ dispose_words (disposables);
+
+ if (output_list)
+ output_list = REVERSE_LIST (output_list, WORD_LIST *);
+
+ return (output_list);
+}
+
+#if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION)
+static WORD_LIST *
+brace_expand_word_list (tlist, eflags)
+ WORD_LIST *tlist;
+ int eflags;
+{
+ register char **expansions;
+ char *temp_string;
+ WORD_LIST *disposables, *output_list, *next;
+ WORD_DESC *w;
+ int eindex;
+
+ for (disposables = output_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; tlist; tlist = next)
+ {
+ next = tlist->next;
+
+ if ((tlist->word->flags & (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG)) == (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG))
+ {
+/*itrace("brace_expand_word_list: %s: W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG", tlist->word->word);*/
+ PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Only do brace expansion if the word has a brace character. If
+ not, just add the word list element to BRACES and continue. In
+ the common case, at least when running shell scripts, this will
+ degenerate to a bunch of calls to `mbschr', and then what is
+ basically a reversal of TLIST into BRACES, which is corrected
+ by a call to REVERSE_LIST () on BRACES when the end of TLIST
+ is reached. */
+ if (mbschr (tlist->word->word, LBRACE))
+ {
+ expansions = brace_expand (tlist->word->word);
+
+ for (eindex = 0; temp_string = expansions[eindex]; eindex++)
+ {
+ w = make_word (temp_string);
+ /* If brace expansion didn't change the word, preserve
+ the flags. We may want to preserve the flags
+ unconditionally someday -- XXX */
+ if (STREQ (temp_string, tlist->word->word))
+ w->flags = tlist->word->flags;
+ output_list = make_word_list (w, output_list);
+ free (expansions[eindex]);
+ }
+ free (expansions);
+
+ /* Add TLIST to the list of words to be freed after brace
+ expansion has been performed. */
+ PREPEND_LIST (tlist, disposables);
+ }
+ else
+ PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list);
+ }
+
+ if (disposables)
+ dispose_words (disposables);
+
+ if (output_list)
+ output_list = REVERSE_LIST (output_list, WORD_LIST *);
+
+ return (output_list);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+/* Take WORD, a compound associative array assignment, and internally run
+ 'declare -A w', where W is the variable name portion of WORD. */
+static int
+make_internal_declare (word, option)
+ char *word;
+ char *option;
+{
+ int t;
+ WORD_LIST *wl;
+ WORD_DESC *w;
+
+ w = make_word (word);
+
+ t = assignment (w->word, 0);
+ w->word[t] = '\0';
+
+ wl = make_word_list (w, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ wl = make_word_list (make_word (option), wl);
+
+ return (declare_builtin (wl));
+}
+#endif
+
+static WORD_LIST *
+shell_expand_word_list (tlist, eflags)
+ WORD_LIST *tlist;
+ int eflags;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *expanded, *orig_list, *new_list, *next, *temp_list;
+ int expanded_something, has_dollar_at;
+ char *temp_string;
+
+ /* We do tilde expansion all the time. This is what 1003.2 says. */
+ new_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+ for (orig_list = tlist; tlist; tlist = next)
+ {
+ temp_string = tlist->word->word;
+
+ next = tlist->next;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ /* If this is a compound array assignment to a builtin that accepts
+ such assignments (e.g., `declare'), take the assignment and perform
+ it separately, handling the semantics of declarations inside shell
+ functions. This avoids the double-evaluation of such arguments,
+ because `declare' does some evaluation of compound assignments on
+ its own. */
+ if ((tlist->word->flags & (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG)) == (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG))
+ {
+ int t;
+
+ if (tlist->word->flags & W_ASSIGNASSOC)
+ make_internal_declare (tlist->word->word, "-A");
+
+ t = do_word_assignment (tlist->word);
+ if (t == 0)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+
+ /* Now transform the word as ksh93 appears to do and go on */
+ t = assignment (tlist->word->word, 0);
+ tlist->word->word[t] = '\0';
+ tlist->word->flags &= ~(W_ASSIGNMENT|W_NOSPLIT|W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG|W_ASSIGNASSOC);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ expanded_something = 0;
+ expanded = expand_word_internal
+ (tlist->word, 0, 0, &has_dollar_at, &expanded_something);
+
+ if (expanded == &expand_word_error || expanded == &expand_word_fatal)
+ {
+ /* By convention, each time this error is returned,
+ tlist->word->word has already been freed. */
+ tlist->word->word = (char *)NULL;
+
+ /* Dispose our copy of the original list. */
+ dispose_words (orig_list);
+ /* Dispose the new list we're building. */
+ dispose_words (new_list);
+
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ if (expanded == &expand_word_error)
+ exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ else
+ exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+ }
+
+ /* Don't split words marked W_NOSPLIT. */
+ if (expanded_something && (tlist->word->flags & W_NOSPLIT) == 0)
+ {
+ temp_list = word_list_split (expanded);
+ dispose_words (expanded);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* If no parameter expansion, command substitution, process
+ substitution, or arithmetic substitution took place, then
+ do not do word splitting. We still have to remove quoted
+ null characters from the result. */
+ word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (expanded);
+ temp_list = expanded;
+ }
+
+ expanded = REVERSE_LIST (temp_list, WORD_LIST *);
+ new_list = (WORD_LIST *)list_append (expanded, new_list);
+ }
+
+ if (orig_list)
+ dispose_words (orig_list);
+
+ if (new_list)
+ new_list = REVERSE_LIST (new_list, WORD_LIST *);
+
+ return (new_list);
+}
+
+/* The workhorse for expand_words () and expand_words_no_vars ().
+ First arg is LIST, a WORD_LIST of words.
+ Second arg EFLAGS is a flags word controlling which expansions are
+ performed.
+
+ This does all of the substitutions: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
+ parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+ process substitution, word splitting, and pathname expansion, according
+ to the bits set in EFLAGS. Words with the W_QUOTED or W_NOSPLIT bits
+ set, or for which no expansion is done, do not undergo word splitting.
+ Words with the W_NOGLOB bit set do not undergo pathname expansion. */
+static WORD_LIST *
+expand_word_list_internal (list, eflags)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ int eflags;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *new_list, *temp_list;
+ int tint;
+
+ if (list == 0)
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ garglist = new_list = copy_word_list (list);
+ if (eflags & WEXP_VARASSIGN)
+ {
+ garglist = new_list = separate_out_assignments (new_list);
+ if (new_list == 0)
+ {
+ if (subst_assign_varlist)
+ {
+ /* All the words were variable assignments, so they are placed
+ into the shell's environment. */
+ for (temp_list = subst_assign_varlist; temp_list; temp_list = temp_list->next)
+ {
+ this_command_name = (char *)NULL; /* no arithmetic errors */
+ tint = do_word_assignment (temp_list->word);
+ /* Variable assignment errors in non-interactive shells
+ running in Posix.2 mode cause the shell to exit. */
+ if (tint == 0)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
+ exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+ else
+ exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+ }
+ dispose_words (subst_assign_varlist);
+ subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+ }
+ return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Begin expanding the words that remain. The expansions take place on
+ things that aren't really variable assignments. */
+
+#if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION)
+ /* Do brace expansion on this word if there are any brace characters
+ in the string. */
+ if ((eflags & WEXP_BRACEEXP) && brace_expansion && new_list)
+ new_list = brace_expand_word_list (new_list, eflags);
+#endif /* BRACE_EXPANSION */
+
+ /* Perform the `normal' shell expansions: tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable substitution, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+ and word splitting. */
+ new_list = shell_expand_word_list (new_list, eflags);
+
+ /* Okay, we're almost done. Now let's just do some filename
+ globbing. */
+ if (new_list)
+ {
+ if ((eflags & WEXP_PATHEXP) && disallow_filename_globbing == 0)
+ /* Glob expand the word list unless globbing has been disabled. */
+ new_list = glob_expand_word_list (new_list, eflags);
+ else
+ /* Dequote the words, because we're not performing globbing. */
+ new_list = dequote_list (new_list);
+ }
+
+ if ((eflags & WEXP_VARASSIGN) && subst_assign_varlist)
+ {
+ sh_wassign_func_t *assign_func;
+
+ /* If the remainder of the words expand to nothing, Posix.2 requires
+ that the variable and environment assignments affect the shell's
+ environment. */
+ assign_func = new_list ? assign_in_env : do_word_assignment;
+ tempenv_assign_error = 0;
+
+ for (temp_list = subst_assign_varlist; temp_list; temp_list = temp_list->next)
+ {
+ this_command_name = (char *)NULL;
+ assigning_in_environment = (assign_func == assign_in_env);
+ tint = (*assign_func) (temp_list->word);
+ assigning_in_environment = 0;
+ /* Variable assignment errors in non-interactive shells running
+ in Posix.2 mode cause the shell to exit. */
+ if (tint == 0)
+ {
+ if (assign_func == do_word_assignment)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
+ exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+ else
+ exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+ else
+ tempenv_assign_error++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ dispose_words (subst_assign_varlist);
+ subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+ }
+
+#if 0
+ tint = list_length (new_list) + 1;
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (glob_argv_flags, 0, tint, glob_argv_flags_size, 16);
+ for (tint = 0, temp_list = new_list; temp_list; temp_list = temp_list->next)
+ glob_argv_flags[tint++] = (temp_list->word->flags & W_GLOBEXP) ? '1' : '0';
+ glob_argv_flags[tint] = '\0';
+#endif
+
+ return (new_list);
+}
/* Extract the $( construct in STRING, and return a new string.
Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$(".
Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching ")". )
- XFLAGS is additional flags to pass to other extraction functions, */
+ XFLAGS is additional flags to pass to other extraction functions. */
char *
extract_command_subst (string, sindex, xflags)
char *string;
continue;
}
+#if 1
+ /* Process a nested command substitution, but only if we're parsing a
+ command substitution. XXX - for bash-4.2 */
+ if ((flags & SX_COMMAND) && string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LPAREN)
+ {
+ si = i + 2;
+ t = extract_command_subst (string, &si, flags);
+ i = si + 1;
+ continue;
+ }
+#endif
+
/* Process a nested OPENER. */
if (STREQN (string + i, opener, len_opener))
{
if (subst_assign_varlist == 0 || garglist == 0)
maybe_make_export_env (); /* XXX */
-itrace("command_substitute: line_number = %d sourcelevel = %d", line_number, sourcelevel);
/* Flags to pass to parse_and_execute() */
pflags = (interactive && sourcelevel == 0) ? SEVAL_RESETLINE : 0;
if (chk_arithsub (temp2, t_index) == 0)
{
free (temp2);
+ internal_warning (_("future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution"));
goto comsub;
}
#define SX_NOCTLESC 0x10 /* don't honor CTLESC quoting */
#define SX_NOESCCTLNUL 0x20 /* don't let CTLESC quote CTLNUL */
#define SX_NOLONGJMP 0x40 /* don't longjmp on fatal error */
+#define SX_ARITHSUB 0x80 /* extracting $(( ... )) (currently unused) */
/* Remove backslashes which are quoting backquotes from STRING. Modifies
STRING, and returns a pointer to it. */
#define SX_NOCTLESC 0x10 /* don't honor CTLESC quoting */
#define SX_NOESCCTLNUL 0x20 /* don't let CTLESC quote CTLNUL */
#define SX_NOLONGJMP 0x40 /* don't longjmp on fatal error */
+#define SX_ARITHSUB 0x80 /* extracting $(( ... )) */
/* Remove backslashes which are quoting backquotes from STRING. Modifies
STRING, and returns a pointer to it. */
#define SD_NOJMP 0x01 /* don't longjmp on fatal error. */
#define SD_INVERT 0x02 /* look for chars NOT in passed set */
#define SD_NOQUOTEDELIM 0x04 /* don't let single or double quotes act as delimiters */
+#define SD_NOSKIPCMD 0x08 /* don't skip over $(, <(, or >( command/process substitution */
extern int skip_to_delim __P((char *, int, char *, int));
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
