ieee754: Remove slow paths from asin and acos

asin and acos have slow paths for rounding the last bit that cause some
calls to be 500-1500x slower than average calls.

These slow paths are rare, a test of a trillion (1.000.000.000.000)
random inputs between -1 and 1 showed 32870 slow calls for acos and 4473
for asin, with most occurrences between -1.0 .. -0.9 and 0.9 .. 1.0.

The slow paths claim correct rounding and use __sin32() and __cos32()
(which compare two result candidates and return the closest one) as the
final step, with the second result candidate (res1) having a small offset
applied from res. This suggests that res and res1 are intended to be 1
ULP apart (which makes sense for rounding), barring bugs, allowing us to
pick either one and still remain within 1 ULP of the exact result.

Remove the slow paths as the accuracy is better than 1 ULP even without
them, which is enough for glibc.

Also remove code comments claiming correctly rounded results.

After slow path removal, checking the accuracy of 14.400.000.000 random
asin() and acos() inputs showed only three incorrectly rounded
(error > 0.5 ULP) results:
- asin(-0x1.ee2b43286db75p-1) (0.500002 ULP, same as before)
- asin(-0x1.f692ba202abcp-4)  (0.500003 ULP, same as before)
- asin(-0x1.9915e876fc062p-1) (0.50000000001 ULP, previously exact)
The first two had the same error even before this commit, and they did
not use the slow path at all.

Checking 4934 known randomly found previously-slow-path asin inputs
shows 25 calls with incorrectly rounded results, with a maximum error of
0.500000002 ULP (for 0x1.fcd5742999ab8p-1). The previous slow-path code
rounded all these inputs correctly (error < 0.5 ULP).
The observed average speed increase was 130x.

Checking 36240 known randomly found previously-slow-path acos inputs
shows 42 calls with incorrectly rounded results, with a maximum error of
0.500000008 ULP (for 0x1.f63845056f35ep-1). The previous "exact"
slow-path code showed 34 calls with incorrectly rounded results, with the
same maximum error of 0.500000008 ULP (for 0x1.f63845056f35ep-1).
The observed average speed increase was 130x.

The functions could likely be trimmed more while keeping acceptable
accuracy, but this at least gets rid of the egregiously slow cases.

Tested on x86_64.

diff --git a/sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/e_asin.c b/sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/e_asin.c
index eac3d27fda9213f9664839947e4668f2877613e9..8a3b26f6645b66818ad0a57fe833355a3e9961e6 100644 (file)
--- a/sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/e_asin.c
+++ b/sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64/e_asin.c
@@ -25,12 +25,6 @@
 /*               doasin.c sincos32.c dosincos.c mpa.c             */
 /*               sincos.tbl  asincos.tbl  powtwo.tbl root.tbl     */
 /*                                                                */
-/* Ultimate asin/acos routines. Given an IEEE double machine      */
-/* number x, compute the correctly rounded value of               */
-/* arcsin(x)or arccos(x)  according to the function called.       */
-/* Assumption: Machine arithmetic operations are performed in     */
-/* round to nearest mode of IEEE 754 standard.                    */
-/*                                                                */
 /******************************************************************/
 #include "endian.h"
 #include "mydefs.h"
@@ -53,13 +47,7 @@ void __doasin(double x, double dx, double w[]);
 void __dubsin(double x, double dx, double v[]);
 void __dubcos(double x, double dx, double v[]);
 void __docos(double x, double dx, double v[]);
-double __sin32(double x, double res, double res1);
-double __cos32(double x, double res, double res1);
 
-/***************************************************************************/
-/* An ultimate asin routine. Given an IEEE double machine number x         */
-/* it computes the correctly rounded (to nearest) value of arcsin(x)       */
-/***************************************************************************/
 double
 SECTION
 __ieee754_asin(double x){
@@ -100,13 +88,7 @@ __ieee754_asin(double x){
       if (res == res+1.00014*cor) return res;
       else {
        __doasin(x,0,w);
-       if (w[0]==(w[0]+1.00000001*w[1])) return w[0];
-       else {
-         y=fabs(x);
-         res=fabs(w[0]);
-         res1=fabs(w[0]+1.1*w[1]);
-         return (m>0)?__sin32(y,res,res1):-__sin32(y,res,res1);
-       }
+       return w[0];
       }
     }
   }
@@ -137,8 +119,7 @@ __ieee754_asin(double x){
        if (z>1.0e-27) return (m>0)?min(res,res1):-min(res,res1);
        else if (z<-1.0e-27) return (m>0)?max(res,res1):-max(res,res1);
        else {
-         y=fabs(x);
-         return (m>0)?__sin32(y,res,res1):-__sin32(y,res,res1);
+         return (m>0)?res:-res;
        }
       }
     }
@@ -170,8 +151,7 @@ __ieee754_asin(double x){
        if (z>1.0e-27) return (m>0)?min(res,res1):-min(res,res1);
        else if (z<-1.0e-27) return (m>0)?max(res,res1):-max(res,res1);
        else {
-         y=fabs(x);
-         return (m>0)?__sin32(y,res,res1):-__sin32(y,res,res1);
+         return (m>0)?res:-res;
        }
       }
     }
@@ -205,8 +185,7 @@ __ieee754_asin(double x){
        if (z>1.0e-27) return (m>0)?min(res,res1):-min(res,res1);
        else if (z<-1.0e-27) return (m>0)?max(res,res1):-max(res,res1);
        else {
-         y=fabs(x);
-         return (m>0)?__sin32(y,res,res1):-__sin32(y,res,res1);
+         return (m>0)?res:-res;
        }
       }
     }
@@ -243,8 +222,7 @@ __ieee754_asin(double x){
        if (z>1.0e-27) return (m>0)?min(res,res1):-min(res,res1);
        else if (z<-1.0e-27) return (m>0)?max(res,res1):-max(res,res1);
        else {
-         y=fabs(x);
-         return (m>0)?__sin32(y,res,res1):-__sin32(y,res,res1);
+         return (m>0)?res:-res;
        }
       }
     }
@@ -282,8 +260,7 @@ __ieee754_asin(double x){
        if (z>1.0e-27) return (m>0)?min(res,res1):-min(res,res1);
        else if (z<-1.0e-27) return (m>0)?max(res,res1):-max(res,res1);
        else {
-         y=fabs(x);
-         return (m>0)?__sin32(y,res,res1):-__sin32(y,res,res1);
+         return (m>0)?res:-res;
        }
       }
     }
@@ -313,13 +290,7 @@ __ieee754_asin(double x){
       res1=hp0.x-2.0*w[0];
       cor=((hp0.x-res1)-2.0*w[0])+(hp1.x-2.0*w[1]);
       res = res1+cor;
-      cor = (res1-res)+cor;
-      if (res==(res+1.0000001*cor)) return (m>0)?res:-res;
-      else {
-       y=fabs(x);
-       res1=res+1.1*cor;
-       return (m>0)?__sin32(y,res,res1):-__sin32(y,res,res1);
-      }
+      return (m>0)?res:-res;
     }
   }    /*   else  if (k < 0x3ff00000)    */
   /*---------------------------- |x|>=1 -------------------------------*/
@@ -388,12 +359,7 @@ __ieee754_acos(double x)
        r=hp0.x-w[0];
        cor=((hp0.x-r)-w[0])+(hp1.x-w[1]);
        res=r+cor;
-       cor=(r-res)+cor;
-       if (res ==(res +1.00000001*cor)) return res;
-       else {
-         res1=res+1.1*cor;
-         return __cos32(x,res,res1);
-       }
+       return res;
       }
     }
   }    /*   else  if (k < 0x3fc00000)    */
@@ -429,7 +395,7 @@ __ieee754_acos(double x)
        z=(w[0]-x)+w[1];
        if (z>1.0e-27) return max(res,res1);
        else if (z<-1.0e-27) return min(res,res1);
-       else return __cos32(x,res,res1);
+       else return res;
       }
     }
   }    /*   else  if (k < 0x3fe00000)    */
@@ -464,7 +430,7 @@ __ieee754_acos(double x)
        z=(w[0]-x)+w[1];
        if (z>1.0e-27) return max(res,res1);
        else if (z<-1.0e-27) return min(res,res1);
-       else return __cos32(x,res,res1);
+       else return res;
      }
    }
   }    /*   else  if (k < 0x3fe80000)    */
@@ -499,7 +465,7 @@ __ieee754_acos(double x)
        z=(w[0]-x)+w[1];
        if (z>1.0e-27) return max(res,res1);
        else if (z<-1.0e-27) return min(res,res1);
-       else return __cos32(x,res,res1);
+       else return res;
       }
     }
   }    /*   else  if (k < 0x3fed8000)    */
@@ -535,7 +501,7 @@ __ieee754_acos(double x)
        z=(w[0]-x)+w[1];
        if (z>1.0e-27) return max(res,res1);
        else if (z<-1.0e-27) return min(res,res1);
-       else return __cos32(x,res,res1);
+       else return res;
       }
     }
   }    /*   else  if (k < 0x3fee8000)    */
@@ -571,7 +537,7 @@ __ieee754_acos(double x)
        z=(w[0]-x)+w[1];
        if (z>1.0e-27) return max(res,res1);
        else if (z<-1.0e-27) return min(res,res1);
-       else return __cos32(x,res,res1);
+       else return res;
      }
    }
   }    /*   else  if (k < 0x3fef0000)    */
@@ -602,13 +568,7 @@ __ieee754_acos(double x)
        res1=hp0.x-w[0];
        cor=((hp0.x-res1)-w[0])+(hp1.x-w[1]);
        res = res1+cor;
-       cor = (res1-res)+cor;
-       if (res==(res+1.000001*cor)) return (res+res);
-       else {
-         res=res+res;
-         res1=res+1.2*cor;
-         return __cos32(x,res,res1);
-       }
+       return (res+res);
       }
     }
     else {
@@ -620,13 +580,7 @@ __ieee754_acos(double x)
        cc=(y-c)+cc;
        __doasin(c,cc,w);
        res = w[0];
-       cor=w[1];
-       if (res==(res+1.000001*cor)) return (res+res);
-       else {
-         res=res+res;
-         res1=res+1.2*cor;
-         return __cos32(x,res,res1);
-       }
+       return (res+res);
       }
     }
   }    /*   else  if (k < 0x3ff00000)    */