From: Viktor Szakats <commit@vsz.me>
Date: Fri, 28 Nov 2025 13:19:18 +0000 (+0100)
Subject: example: fix formatting nits
X-Git-Tag: rc-8_18_0-1~101
X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?a=commitdiff_plain;h=aad3c2e8e14317c99838e3766df6cd2ce8f3f279;p=thirdparty%2Fcurl.git

example: fix formatting nits

Also:
- drop non-portable `__STRING()` macro use where still used.

Closes #19746
---

diff --git a/docs/examples/10-at-a-time.c b/docs/examples/10-at-a-time.c
index bddcd15637..22db7c5fc4 100644
--- a/docs/examples/10-at-a-time.c
+++ b/docs/examples/10-at-a-time.c
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ static const char *urls[] = {
 };
 
 #define MAX_PARALLEL 10  /* number of simultaneous transfers */
-#define NUM_URLS sizeof(urls)/sizeof(char *)
+#define NUM_URLS (sizeof(urls) / sizeof(char *))
 
 static size_t write_cb(char *data, size_t n, size_t l, void *userp)
 {
diff --git a/docs/examples/anyauthput.c b/docs/examples/anyauthput.c
index eb5959ca22..247d4d0d3b 100644
--- a/docs/examples/anyauthput.c
+++ b/docs/examples/anyauthput.c
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@
 /* seek callback function */
 static int my_seek(void *userp, curl_off_t offset, int origin)
 {
-  FILE *fp = (FILE *) userp;
+  FILE *fp = (FILE *)userp;
 
-  if(fseek(fp, (long) offset, origin) == -1)
+  if(fseek(fp, (long)offset, origin) == -1)
     /* could not seek */
     return CURL_SEEKFUNC_CANTSEEK;
 
@@ -128,13 +128,13 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, read_cb);
 
     /* which file to upload */
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READDATA, (void *) fp);
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READDATA, (void *)fp);
 
     /* set the seek function */
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SEEKFUNCTION, my_seek);
 
     /* pass the file descriptor to the seek callback as well */
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SEEKDATA, (void *) fp);
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SEEKDATA, (void *)fp);
 
     /* enable "uploading" (which means PUT when doing HTTP) */
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1L);
diff --git a/docs/examples/block_ip.c b/docs/examples/block_ip.c
index ef7056dc43..bf2193a263 100644
--- a/docs/examples/block_ip.c
+++ b/docs/examples/block_ip.c
@@ -31,7 +31,11 @@
 
 #ifdef __AMIGA__
 #include <stdio.h>
-int main(void) { printf("Platform not supported.\n"); return 1; }
+int main(void)
+{
+  printf("Platform not supported.\n");
+  return 1;
+}
 #else
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
diff --git a/docs/examples/certinfo.c b/docs/examples/certinfo.c
index 3176d0a1fc..e799cfc928 100644
--- a/docs/examples/certinfo.c
+++ b/docs/examples/certinfo.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 #include <curl/curl.h>
 
-static size_t write_cb(void *ptr,  size_t  size,  size_t  nmemb,  void *stream)
+static size_t write_cb(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream)
 {
   (void)stream;
   (void)ptr;
@@ -74,10 +74,8 @@ int main(void)
 
           for(slist = certinfo->certinfo[i]; slist; slist = slist->next)
             printf("%s\n", slist->data);
-
         }
       }
-
     }
 
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
diff --git a/docs/examples/cookie_interface.c b/docs/examples/cookie_interface.c
index a031380f12..0398cdf164 100644
--- a/docs/examples/cookie_interface.c
+++ b/docs/examples/cookie_interface.c
@@ -71,8 +71,7 @@ static int print_cookies(CURL *curl)
   return 0;
 }
 
-int
-main(void)
+int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
   CURLcode res;
diff --git a/docs/examples/crawler.c b/docs/examples/crawler.c
index 419ceab26d..9207199cdf 100644
--- a/docs/examples/crawler.c
+++ b/docs/examples/crawler.c
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ struct memory {
 static size_t write_cb(void *contents, size_t sz, size_t nmemb, void *ctx)
 {
   size_t realsize = sz * nmemb;
-  struct memory *mem = (struct memory*) ctx;
+  struct memory *mem = (struct memory *)ctx;
   char *ptr = realloc(mem->buf, mem->size + realsize);
   if(!ptr) {
     /* out of memory */
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ static CURL *make_handle(const char *url)
   curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS, 2000L);
   /* skip files larger than a gigabyte */
   curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_MAXFILESIZE_LARGE,
-                   (curl_off_t)1024*1024*1024);
+                   (curl_off_t)1024 * 1024 * 1024);
   curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "");
   curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FILETIME, 1L);
   curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "mini crawler");
@@ -121,8 +121,7 @@ static CURL *make_handle(const char *url)
 }
 
 /* HREF finder implemented in libxml2 but could be any HTML parser */
-static size_t follow_links(CURLM *multi, struct memory *mem,
-                           const char *url)
+static size_t follow_links(CURLM *multi, struct memory *mem, const char *url)
 {
   int opts = HTML_PARSE_NOBLANKS | HTML_PARSE_NOERROR | \
              HTML_PARSE_NOWARNING | HTML_PARSE_NONET;
@@ -135,7 +134,7 @@ static size_t follow_links(CURLM *multi, struct memory *mem,
   xmlXPathObjectPtr result;
   if(!doc)
     return 0;
-  xpath = (xmlChar*) "//a/@href";
+  xpath = (xmlChar *)"//a/@href";
   context = xmlXPathNewContext(doc);
   result = xmlXPathEvalExpression(xpath, context);
   xmlXPathFreeContext(context);
@@ -155,10 +154,10 @@ static size_t follow_links(CURLM *multi, struct memory *mem,
     char *link;
     if(follow_relative_links) {
       xmlChar *orig = href;
-      href = xmlBuildURI(href, (xmlChar *) url);
+      href = xmlBuildURI(href, (xmlChar *)url);
       xmlFree(orig);
     }
-    link = (char *) href;
+    link = (char *)href;
     if(!link || strlen(link) < 20)
       continue;
     if(!strncmp(link, "http://", 7) || !strncmp(link, "https://", 8)) {
@@ -240,7 +239,7 @@ int main(void)
               }
             }
             else {
-              printf("[%d] HTTP %d: %s\n", complete, (int) res_status, url);
+              printf("[%d] HTTP %d: %s\n", complete, (int)res_status, url);
             }
           }
           else {
diff --git a/docs/examples/ephiperfifo.c b/docs/examples/ephiperfifo.c
index b47cbbedbf..e572fffad8 100644
--- a/docs/examples/ephiperfifo.c
+++ b/docs/examples/ephiperfifo.c
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ This is purely a demo app, all retrieved data is simply discarded by the write
 callback.
 
 */
-
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <signal.h>
@@ -77,7 +76,6 @@ callback.
 
 #define MSG_OUT stdout /* Send info to stdout, change to stderr if you want */
 
-
 /* Global information, common to all connections */
 struct GlobalInfo {
   int epfd;    /* epoll filedescriptor */
@@ -105,23 +103,35 @@ struct SockInfo {
   struct GlobalInfo *global;
 };
 
-#define mycase(code) \
-  case code: s = __STRING(code)
-
 /* Die if we get a bad CURLMcode somewhere */
 static void mcode_or_die(const char *where, CURLMcode code)
 {
   if(CURLM_OK != code) {
     const char *s;
     switch(code) {
-      mycase(CURLM_BAD_HANDLE); break;
-      mycase(CURLM_BAD_EASY_HANDLE); break;
-      mycase(CURLM_OUT_OF_MEMORY); break;
-      mycase(CURLM_INTERNAL_ERROR); break;
-      mycase(CURLM_UNKNOWN_OPTION); break;
-      mycase(CURLM_LAST); break;
-      default: s = "CURLM_unknown"; break;
-      mycase(CURLM_BAD_SOCKET);
+    case CURLM_BAD_HANDLE:
+      s = "CURLM_BAD_HANDLE";
+      break;
+    case CURLM_BAD_EASY_HANDLE:
+      s = "CURLM_BAD_EASY_HANDLE";
+      break;
+    case CURLM_OUT_OF_MEMORY:
+      s = "CURLM_OUT_OF_MEMORY";
+      break;
+    case CURLM_INTERNAL_ERROR:
+      s = "CURLM_INTERNAL_ERROR";
+      break;
+    case CURLM_UNKNOWN_OPTION:
+      s = "CURLM_UNKNOWN_OPTION";
+      break;
+    case CURLM_LAST:
+      s = "CURLM_LAST";
+      break;
+    default:
+      s = "CURLM_unknown";
+      break;
+    case CURLM_BAD_SOCKET:
+      s = "CURLM_BAD_SOCKET";
       fprintf(MSG_OUT, "ERROR: %s returns %s\n", where, s);
       /* ignore this error */
       return;
@@ -161,7 +171,7 @@ static int multi_timer_cb(CURLM *multi, long timeout_ms, struct GlobalInfo *g)
     memset(&its, 0, sizeof(its));
   }
 
-  timerfd_settime(g->tfd, /* flags= */0, &its, NULL);
+  timerfd_settime(g->tfd, /* flags= */ 0, &its, NULL);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -281,7 +291,7 @@ static void setsock(struct SockInfo *f, curl_socket_t s, CURL *e, int act,
 static void addsock(curl_socket_t s, CURL *curl, int action,
                     struct GlobalInfo *g)
 {
-  struct SockInfo *fdp = (struct SockInfo*)calloc(1, sizeof(struct SockInfo));
+  struct SockInfo *fdp = (struct SockInfo *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct SockInfo));
 
   fdp->global = g;
   setsock(fdp, s, curl, action, g);
@@ -291,12 +301,11 @@ static void addsock(curl_socket_t s, CURL *curl, int action,
 /* CURLMOPT_SOCKETFUNCTION */
 static int sock_cb(CURL *e, curl_socket_t s, int what, void *cbp, void *sockp)
 {
-  struct GlobalInfo *g = (struct GlobalInfo*) cbp;
-  struct SockInfo *fdp = (struct SockInfo*) sockp;
-  const char *whatstr[]={ "none", "IN", "OUT", "INOUT", "REMOVE" };
+  struct GlobalInfo *g = (struct GlobalInfo *)cbp;
+  struct SockInfo *fdp = (struct SockInfo *)sockp;
+  const char *whatstr[] = {"none", "IN", "OUT", "INOUT", "REMOVE"};
 
-  fprintf(MSG_OUT,
-          "socket callback: s=%d e=%p what=%s ", s, e, whatstr[what]);
+  fprintf(MSG_OUT, "socket callback: s=%d e=%p what=%s ", s, e, whatstr[what]);
   if(what == CURL_POLL_REMOVE) {
     fprintf(MSG_OUT, "\n");
     remsock(fdp, g);
@@ -307,8 +316,7 @@ static int sock_cb(CURL *e, curl_socket_t s, int what, void *cbp, void *sockp)
       addsock(s, e, what, g);
     }
     else {
-      fprintf(MSG_OUT,
-              "Changing action from %s to %s\n",
+      fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Changing action from %s to %s\n",
               whatstr[fdp->action], whatstr[what]);
       setsock(fdp, s, e, what, g);
     }
@@ -342,7 +350,7 @@ static void new_conn(const char *url, struct GlobalInfo *g)
   struct ConnInfo *conn;
   CURLMcode rc;
 
-  conn = (struct ConnInfo*)calloc(1, sizeof(*conn));
+  conn = (struct ConnInfo *)calloc(1, sizeof(*conn));
   conn->error[0] = '\0';
 
   conn->curl = curl_easy_init();
@@ -364,8 +372,8 @@ static void new_conn(const char *url, struct GlobalInfo *g)
   curl_easy_setopt(conn->curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L);
   curl_easy_setopt(conn->curl, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_TIME, 3L);
   curl_easy_setopt(conn->curl, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT, 10L);
-  fprintf(MSG_OUT,
-          "Adding easy %p to multi %p (%s)\n", conn->curl, g->multi, url);
+  fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Adding easy %p to multi %p (%s)\n",
+          conn->curl, g->multi, url);
   rc = curl_multi_add_handle(g->multi, conn->curl);
   mcode_or_die("new_conn: curl_multi_add_handle", rc);
 
@@ -381,9 +389,9 @@ static void fifo_cb(struct GlobalInfo *g, int revents)
   int n = 0;
 
   do {
-    s[0]='\0';
+    s[0] = '\0';
     rv = fscanf(g->input, "%1023s%n", s, &n);
-    s[n]='\0';
+    s[n] = '\0';
     if(n && s[0]) {
       new_conn(s, g); /* if we read a URL, go get it! */
     }
@@ -437,7 +445,6 @@ static void clean_fifo(struct GlobalInfo *g)
   unlink(fifo);
 }
 
-
 int g_should_exit_ = 0;
 
 void sigint_handler(int signo)
@@ -506,7 +513,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   while(!g_should_exit_) {
     int idx;
     int err = epoll_wait(g.epfd, events,
-                         sizeof(events)/sizeof(struct epoll_event), 10000);
+                         sizeof(events) / sizeof(struct epoll_event), 10000);
     if(err == -1) {
       /* !checksrc! disable ERRNOVAR 1 */
       if(errno == EINTR) {
diff --git a/docs/examples/evhiperfifo.c b/docs/examples/evhiperfifo.c
index b6b957d54e..178be018a3 100644
--- a/docs/examples/evhiperfifo.c
+++ b/docs/examples/evhiperfifo.c
@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ This is purely a demo app, all retrieved data is simply discarded by the write
 callback.
 
 */
-
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -79,7 +78,6 @@ callback.
 
 #define MSG_OUT stdout /* Send info to stdout, change to stderr if you want */
 
-
 /* Global information, common to all connections */
 struct GlobalInfo {
   struct ev_loop *loop;
@@ -119,7 +117,7 @@ static int multi_timer_cb(CURLM *multi, long timeout_ms, struct GlobalInfo *g)
   ev_timer_stop(g->loop, &g->timer_event);
   if(timeout_ms >= 0) {
     /* -1 means delete, other values are timeout times in milliseconds */
-    double  t = timeout_ms / 1000;
+    double t = timeout_ms / 1000;
     ev_timer_init(&g->timer_event, timer_cb, t, 0.);
     ev_timer_start(g->loop, &g->timer_event);
   }
@@ -196,7 +194,7 @@ static void event_cb(EV_P_ struct ev_io *w, int revents)
   int action;
 
   printf("%s  w %p revents %i\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, (void *)w, revents);
-  g = (struct GlobalInfo*) w->data;
+  g = (struct GlobalInfo *)w->data;
 
   action = ((revents & EV_READ) ? CURL_POLL_IN : 0) |
            ((revents & EV_WRITE) ? CURL_POLL_OUT : 0);
@@ -270,15 +268,14 @@ static void addsock(curl_socket_t s, CURL *curl, int action,
 /* CURLMOPT_SOCKETFUNCTION */
 static int sock_cb(CURL *e, curl_socket_t s, int what, void *cbp, void *sockp)
 {
-  struct GlobalInfo *g = (struct GlobalInfo*) cbp;
-  struct SockInfo *fdp = (struct SockInfo*) sockp;
-  const char *whatstr[]={ "none", "IN", "OUT", "INOUT", "REMOVE"};
+  struct GlobalInfo *g = (struct GlobalInfo *)cbp;
+  struct SockInfo *fdp = (struct SockInfo *)sockp;
+  const char *whatstr[] = {"none", "IN", "OUT", "INOUT", "REMOVE"};
 
   printf("%s e %p s %i what %i cbp %p sockp %p\n",
          __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, e, s, what, cbp, sockp);
 
-  fprintf(MSG_OUT,
-          "socket callback: s=%d e=%p what=%s ", s, e, whatstr[what]);
+  fprintf(MSG_OUT, "socket callback: s=%d e=%p what=%s ", s, e, whatstr[what]);
   if(what == CURL_POLL_REMOVE) {
     fprintf(MSG_OUT, "\n");
     remsock(fdp, g);
@@ -289,8 +286,7 @@ static int sock_cb(CURL *e, curl_socket_t s, int what, void *cbp, void *sockp)
       addsock(s, e, what, g);
     }
     else {
-      fprintf(MSG_OUT,
-              "Changing action from %s to %s\n",
+      fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Changing action from %s to %s\n",
               whatstr[fdp->action], whatstr[what]);
       setsock(fdp, s, e, what, g);
     }
@@ -302,7 +298,7 @@ static int sock_cb(CURL *e, curl_socket_t s, int what, void *cbp, void *sockp)
 static size_t write_cb(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *data)
 {
   size_t realsize = size * nmemb;
-  struct ConnInfo *conn = (struct ConnInfo*) data;
+  struct ConnInfo *conn = (struct ConnInfo *)data;
   (void)ptr;
   (void)conn;
   return realsize;
@@ -316,8 +312,9 @@ static int xferinfo_cb(void *p, curl_off_t dltotal, curl_off_t dlnow,
   (void)ult;
   (void)uln;
 
-  fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Progress: %s (%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T
-          "/%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T ")\n", conn->url, dlnow, dltotal);
+  fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Progress: %s (%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T "/"
+          "%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T ")\n",
+          conn->url, dlnow, dltotal);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -328,7 +325,7 @@ static void new_conn(const char *url, struct GlobalInfo *g)
   CURLMcode rc;
 
   conn = calloc(1, sizeof(*conn));
-  conn->error[0]='\0';
+  conn->error[0] = '\0';
 
   conn->curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(!conn->curl) {
@@ -349,8 +346,8 @@ static void new_conn(const char *url, struct GlobalInfo *g)
   curl_easy_setopt(conn->curl, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_TIME, 3L);
   curl_easy_setopt(conn->curl, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT, 10L);
 
-  fprintf(MSG_OUT,
-          "Adding easy %p to multi %p (%s)\n", conn->curl, g->multi, url);
+  fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Adding easy %p to multi %p (%s)\n",
+          conn->curl, g->multi, url);
   rc = curl_multi_add_handle(g->multi, conn->curl);
   mcode_or_die("new_conn: curl_multi_add_handle", rc);
 
@@ -369,9 +366,9 @@ static void fifo_cb(EV_P_ struct ev_io *w, int revents)
   (void)revents;
 
   do {
-    s[0]='\0';
+    s[0] = '\0';
     rv = fscanf(g->input, "%1023s%n", s, &n);
-    s[n]='\0';
+    s[n] = '\0';
     if(n && s[0]) {
       new_conn(s, g);  /* if we read a URL, go get it! */
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/externalsocket.c b/docs/examples/externalsocket.c
index 610a835272..632d5f2981 100644
--- a/docs/examples/externalsocket.c
+++ b/docs/examples/externalsocket.c
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ int main(void)
 
     memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
     servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
-    servaddr.sin_port   = htons(PORTNUM);
+    servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORTNUM);
 
     servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(IPADDR);
     if(INADDR_NONE == servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr) {
@@ -132,8 +132,7 @@ int main(void)
       return 2;
     }
 
-    if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) ==
-       -1) {
+    if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) == -1) {
       close(sockfd);
       printf("client error: connect: %s\n", strerror(errno));
       return 1;
diff --git a/docs/examples/ftp-wildcard.c b/docs/examples/ftp-wildcard.c
index 3bd2f69083..fa66628f16 100644
--- a/docs/examples/ftp-wildcard.c
+++ b/docs/examples/ftp-wildcard.c
@@ -85,8 +85,7 @@ static long file_is_downloaded(void *input)
   return CURL_CHUNK_END_FUNC_OK;
 }
 
-static size_t write_cb(char *buff, size_t size, size_t nmemb,
-                       void *cb_data)
+static size_t write_cb(char *buff, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *cb_data)
 {
   struct callback_data *data = cb_data;
   size_t written = 0;
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   CURL *curl;
 
   /* help data */
-  struct callback_data data = { 0 };
+  struct callback_data data = {0};
 
   /* global initialization */
   CURLcode res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
diff --git a/docs/examples/ftpget.c b/docs/examples/ftpget.c
index f57974de1f..4001022074 100644
--- a/docs/examples/ftpget.c
+++ b/docs/examples/ftpget.c
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ static size_t write_cb(void *buffer, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream)
   return fwrite(buffer, size, nmemb, out->stream);
 }
 
-
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
diff --git a/docs/examples/ftpgetresp.c b/docs/examples/ftpgetresp.c
index eec727bf94..53ada7ccae 100644
--- a/docs/examples/ftpgetresp.c
+++ b/docs/examples/ftpgetresp.c
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
   }
 
-  fclose(ftpfile); /* close the local file */
+  fclose(ftpfile);  /* close the local file */
   fclose(respfile); /* close the response file */
 
   curl_global_cleanup();
diff --git a/docs/examples/ftpuploadfrommem.c b/docs/examples/ftpuploadfrommem.c
index af88f52f1a..7c75f2b8d7 100644
--- a/docs/examples/ftpuploadfrommem.c
+++ b/docs/examples/ftpuploadfrommem.c
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
 #include <curl/curl.h>
 
-static const char data[]=
+static const char data[] =
   "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. "
   "___ rhoncus odio id venenatis volutpat. Vestibulum dapibus "
   "bibendum ullamcorper. Maecenas finibus elit augue, vel "
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ static size_t read_cb(char *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp)
     return copylen;
   }
 
-  return 0;                          /* no more data left to deliver */
+  return 0;  /* no more data left to deliver */
 }
 
 int main(void)
diff --git a/docs/examples/getinmemory.c b/docs/examples/getinmemory.c
index 1deeeda266..d4d8960487 100644
--- a/docs/examples/getinmemory.c
+++ b/docs/examples/getinmemory.c
@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ struct MemoryStruct {
   size_t size;
 };
 
-static size_t write_cb(void *contents, size_t size, size_t nmemb,
-                                  void *userp)
+static size_t write_cb(void *contents, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp)
 {
   size_t realsize = size * nmemb;
   struct MemoryStruct *mem = (struct MemoryStruct *)userp;
@@ -69,8 +68,8 @@ int main(void)
   if(res)
     return (int)res;
 
-  chunk.memory = malloc(1);  /* grown as needed by the realloc above */
-  chunk.size = 0;    /* no data at this point */
+  chunk.memory = malloc(1); /* grown as needed by the realloc above */
+  chunk.size = 0;           /* no data at this point */
 
   /* init the curl session */
   curl = curl_easy_init();
diff --git a/docs/examples/getredirect.c b/docs/examples/getredirect.c
index b1f42dc9fd..6ad9b9c1aa 100644
--- a/docs/examples/getredirect.c
+++ b/docs/examples/getredirect.c
@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ int main(void)
               curl_easy_strerror(res));
     else {
       res = curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &response_code);
-      if((res == CURLE_OK) &&
-         ((response_code / 100) != 3)) {
+      if((res == CURLE_OK) && ((response_code / 100) != 3)) {
         /* a redirect implies a 3xx response code */
         fprintf(stderr, "Not a redirect.\n");
       }
diff --git a/docs/examples/ghiper.c b/docs/examples/ghiper.c
index f27521971c..d7b19abb9b 100644
--- a/docs/examples/ghiper.c
+++ b/docs/examples/ghiper.c
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ static int update_timeout_cb(CURLM *multi, long timeout_ms, void *userp)
 {
   struct timeval timeout;
   struct GlobalInfo *g = (struct GlobalInfo *)userp;
-  timeout.tv_sec = timeout_ms/1000;
-  timeout.tv_usec = (timeout_ms%1000)*1000;
+  timeout.tv_sec = timeout_ms / 1000;
+  timeout.tv_usec = (timeout_ms % 1000) * 1000;
 
   MSG_OUT("*** update_timeout_cb %ld => %ld:%ld ***\n",
           timeout_ms, timeout.tv_sec, timeout.tv_usec);
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ static int update_timeout_cb(CURLM *multi, long timeout_ms, void *userp)
 /* Called by glib when we get action on a multi socket */
 static gboolean event_cb(GIOChannel *ch, GIOCondition condition, gpointer data)
 {
-  struct GlobalInfo *g = (struct GlobalInfo*) data;
+  struct GlobalInfo *g = (struct GlobalInfo *)data;
   CURLMcode rc;
   int fd = g_io_channel_unix_get_fd(ch);
 
@@ -259,9 +259,9 @@ static void addsock(curl_socket_t s, CURL *curl, int action,
 /* CURLMOPT_SOCKETFUNCTION */
 static int sock_cb(CURL *e, curl_socket_t s, int what, void *cbp, void *sockp)
 {
-  struct GlobalInfo *g = (struct GlobalInfo*) cbp;
-  struct SockInfo *fdp = (struct SockInfo*) sockp;
-  static const char *whatstr[]={ "none", "IN", "OUT", "INOUT", "REMOVE" };
+  struct GlobalInfo *g = (struct GlobalInfo *)cbp;
+  struct SockInfo *fdp = (struct SockInfo *)sockp;
+  static const char *whatstr[] = {"none", "IN", "OUT", "INOUT", "REMOVE"};
 
   MSG_OUT("socket callback: s=%d e=%p what=%s ", s, e, whatstr[what]);
   if(what == CURL_POLL_REMOVE) {
@@ -276,8 +276,7 @@ static int sock_cb(CURL *e, curl_socket_t s, int what, void *cbp, void *sockp)
       addsock(s, e, what, g);
     }
     else {
-      MSG_OUT(
-        "Changing action from %d to %d\n", fdp->action, what);
+      MSG_OUT("Changing action from %d to %d\n", fdp->action, what);
       setsock(fdp, s, e, what, g);
     }
   }
@@ -288,7 +287,7 @@ static int sock_cb(CURL *e, curl_socket_t s, int what, void *cbp, void *sockp)
 static size_t write_cb(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *data)
 {
   size_t realsize = size * nmemb;
-  struct ConnInfo *conn = (struct ConnInfo*) data;
+  struct ConnInfo *conn = (struct ConnInfo *)data;
   (void)ptr;
   (void)conn;
   return realsize;
@@ -302,8 +301,8 @@ static int xferinfo_cb(void *p, curl_off_t dltotal, curl_off_t dlnow,
   (void)ult;
   (void)uln;
 
-  fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Progress: %s (%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T
-          "/%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T ")\n", conn->url, dlnow, dltotal);
+  fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Progress: %s (%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T "/"
+          "%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T ")\n", conn->url, dlnow, dltotal);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -357,18 +356,18 @@ static gboolean fifo_cb(GIOChannel *ch, GIOCondition condition, gpointer data)
     rv = g_io_channel_read_line(ch, &buf, &len, &tp, &err);
     if(buf) {
       if(tp) {
-        buf[tp]='\0';
+        buf[tp] = '\0';
       }
-      new_conn(buf, (struct GlobalInfo*)data);
+      new_conn(buf, (struct GlobalInfo *)data);
       g_free(buf);
     }
     else {
       buf = g_malloc(BUF_SIZE + 1);
       while(TRUE) {
-        buf[BUF_SIZE]='\0';
+        buf[BUF_SIZE] = '\0';
         g_io_channel_read_chars(ch, buf, BUF_SIZE, &len, &err);
         if(len) {
-          buf[len]='\0';
+          buf[len] = '\0';
           if(all) {
             tmp = all;
             all = g_strdup_printf("%s%s", tmp, buf);
@@ -383,7 +382,7 @@ static gboolean fifo_cb(GIOChannel *ch, GIOCondition condition, gpointer data)
         }
       }
       if(all) {
-        new_conn(all, (struct GlobalInfo*)data);
+        new_conn(all, (struct GlobalInfo *)data);
         g_free(all);
       }
       g_free(buf);
diff --git a/docs/examples/headerapi.c b/docs/examples/headerapi.c
index 089a23a070..e1fa33b8f6 100644
--- a/docs/examples/headerapi.c
+++ b/docs/examples/headerapi.c
@@ -76,7 +76,6 @@ int main(void)
           printf(" %s: %s (%u)\n", h->name, h->value, (unsigned int)h->amount);
         prev = h;
       } while(h);
-
     }
     /* always cleanup */
     curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
diff --git a/docs/examples/hiperfifo.c b/docs/examples/hiperfifo.c
index 60288b4bd2..576bbb8d2c 100644
--- a/docs/examples/hiperfifo.c
+++ b/docs/examples/hiperfifo.c
@@ -77,7 +77,6 @@ callback.
 
 #define MSG_OUT stdout /* Send info to stdout, change to stderr if you want */
 
-
 /* Global information, common to all connections */
 struct GlobalInfo {
   struct event_base *evbase;
@@ -107,23 +106,35 @@ struct SockInfo {
   struct GlobalInfo *global;
 };
 
-#define mycase(code) \
-  case code: s = __STRING(code)
-
 /* Die if we get a bad CURLMcode somewhere */
 static void mcode_or_die(const char *where, CURLMcode code)
 {
   if(CURLM_OK != code) {
     const char *s;
     switch(code) {
-      mycase(CURLM_BAD_HANDLE); break;
-      mycase(CURLM_BAD_EASY_HANDLE); break;
-      mycase(CURLM_OUT_OF_MEMORY); break;
-      mycase(CURLM_INTERNAL_ERROR); break;
-      mycase(CURLM_UNKNOWN_OPTION); break;
-      mycase(CURLM_LAST); break;
-      default: s = "CURLM_unknown"; break;
-      mycase(CURLM_BAD_SOCKET);
+    case CURLM_BAD_HANDLE:
+      s = "CURLM_BAD_HANDLE";
+      break;
+    case CURLM_BAD_EASY_HANDLE:
+      s = "CURLM_BAD_EASY_HANDLE";
+      break;
+    case CURLM_OUT_OF_MEMORY:
+      s = "CURLM_OUT_OF_MEMORY";
+      break;
+    case CURLM_INTERNAL_ERROR:
+      s = "CURLM_INTERNAL_ERROR";
+      break;
+    case CURLM_UNKNOWN_OPTION:
+      s = "CURLM_UNKNOWN_OPTION";
+      break;
+    case CURLM_LAST:
+      s = "CURLM_LAST";
+      break;
+    default:
+      s = "CURLM_unknown";
+      break;
+    case CURLM_BAD_SOCKET:
+      s = "CURLM_BAD_SOCKET";
       fprintf(MSG_OUT, "ERROR: %s returns %s\n", where, s);
       /* ignore this error */
       return;
@@ -139,8 +150,8 @@ static int multi_timer_cb(CURLM *multi, long timeout_ms, struct GlobalInfo *g)
   struct timeval timeout;
   (void)multi;
 
-  timeout.tv_sec = timeout_ms/1000;
-  timeout.tv_usec = (timeout_ms%1000)*1000;
+  timeout.tv_sec = timeout_ms / 1000;
+  timeout.tv_usec = (timeout_ms % 1000) * 1000;
   fprintf(MSG_OUT, "multi_timer_cb: Setting timeout to %ld ms\n", timeout_ms);
 
   /*
@@ -185,7 +196,7 @@ static void check_multi_info(struct GlobalInfo *g)
 /* Called by libevent when we get action on a multi socket */
 static void event_cb(int fd, short kind, void *userp)
 {
-  struct GlobalInfo *g = (struct GlobalInfo*) userp;
+  struct GlobalInfo *g = (struct GlobalInfo *)userp;
   CURLMcode rc;
 
   int action =
@@ -261,12 +272,11 @@ static void addsock(curl_socket_t s, CURL *curl, int action,
 /* CURLMOPT_SOCKETFUNCTION */
 static int sock_cb(CURL *e, curl_socket_t s, int what, void *cbp, void *sockp)
 {
-  struct GlobalInfo *g = (struct GlobalInfo*) cbp;
-  struct SockInfo *fdp = (struct SockInfo*) sockp;
-  const char *whatstr[]={ "none", "IN", "OUT", "INOUT", "REMOVE" };
+  struct GlobalInfo *g = (struct GlobalInfo *)cbp;
+  struct SockInfo *fdp = (struct SockInfo *)sockp;
+  const char *whatstr[] = {"none", "IN", "OUT", "INOUT", "REMOVE"};
 
-  fprintf(MSG_OUT,
-          "socket callback: s=%d e=%p what=%s ", s, e, whatstr[what]);
+  fprintf(MSG_OUT, "socket callback: s=%d e=%p what=%s ", s, e, whatstr[what]);
   if(what == CURL_POLL_REMOVE) {
     fprintf(MSG_OUT, "\n");
     remsock(fdp);
@@ -277,8 +287,7 @@ static int sock_cb(CURL *e, curl_socket_t s, int what, void *cbp, void *sockp)
       addsock(s, e, what, g);
     }
     else {
-      fprintf(MSG_OUT,
-              "Changing action from %s to %s\n",
+      fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Changing action from %s to %s\n",
               whatstr[fdp->action], whatstr[what]);
       setsock(fdp, s, e, what, g);
     }
@@ -302,8 +311,8 @@ static int xferinfo_cb(void *p, curl_off_t dltotal, curl_off_t dlnow,
   (void)ult;
   (void)uln;
 
-  fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Progress: %s (%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T
-          "/%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T ")\n", conn->url, dlnow, dltotal);
+  fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Progress: %s (%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T "/"
+          "%" CURL_FORMAT_CURL_OFF_T ")\n", conn->url, dlnow, dltotal);
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -333,8 +342,8 @@ static void new_conn(const char *url, struct GlobalInfo *g)
   curl_easy_setopt(conn->curl, CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION, xferinfo_cb);
   curl_easy_setopt(conn->curl, CURLOPT_PROGRESSDATA, conn);
   curl_easy_setopt(conn->curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L);
-  fprintf(MSG_OUT,
-          "Adding easy %p to multi %p (%s)\n", conn->curl, g->multi, url);
+  fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Adding easy %p to multi %p (%s)\n",
+          conn->curl, g->multi, url);
   rc = curl_multi_add_handle(g->multi, conn->curl);
   mcode_or_die("new_conn: curl_multi_add_handle", rc);
 
@@ -353,9 +362,9 @@ static void fifo_cb(int fd, short event, void *arg)
   (void)event;
 
   do {
-    s[0]='\0';
+    s[0] = '\0';
     rv = fscanf(g->input, "%1023s%n", s, &n);
-    s[n]='\0';
+    s[n] = '\0';
     if(n && s[0]) {
       if(!strcmp(s, "stop")) {
         g->stopped = 1;
@@ -386,7 +395,7 @@ static int init_fifo(struct GlobalInfo *g)
     }
   }
   unlink(fifo);
-  if(mkfifo (fifo, 0600) == -1) {
+  if(mkfifo(fifo, 0600) == -1) {
     perror("mkfifo");
     return 1;
   }
@@ -398,7 +407,7 @@ static int init_fifo(struct GlobalInfo *g)
   g->input = fdopen(sockfd, "r");
 
   fprintf(MSG_OUT, "Now, pipe some URL's into > %s\n", fifo);
-  event_assign(&g->fifo_event, g->evbase, sockfd, EV_READ|EV_PERSIST,
+  event_assign(&g->fifo_event, g->evbase, sockfd, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST,
                fifo_cb, g);
   event_add(&g->fifo_event, NULL);
   return 0;
@@ -406,9 +415,9 @@ static int init_fifo(struct GlobalInfo *g)
 
 static void clean_fifo(struct GlobalInfo *g)
 {
-    event_del(&g->fifo_event);
-    fclose(g->input);
-    unlink(fifo);
+  event_del(&g->fifo_event);
+  fclose(g->input);
+  unlink(fifo);
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
diff --git a/docs/examples/hsts-preload.c b/docs/examples/hsts-preload.c
index ad71c62cad..b029df2a0a 100644
--- a/docs/examples/hsts-preload.c
+++ b/docs/examples/hsts-preload.c
@@ -53,8 +53,7 @@ struct state {
 
 /* "read" is from the point of the library, it wants data from us. One domain
    entry per invoke. */
-static CURLSTScode hstsread(CURL *curl, struct curl_hstsentry *e,
-                            void *userp)
+static CURLSTScode hstsread(CURL *curl, struct curl_hstsentry *e, void *userp)
 {
   const char *host;
   const char *expire;
diff --git a/docs/examples/htmltidy.c b/docs/examples/htmltidy.c
index 04b4809317..9865a633ef 100644
--- a/docs/examples/htmltidy.c
+++ b/docs/examples/htmltidy.c
@@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ static uint write_cb(char *in, uint size, uint nmemb, TidyBuffer *out)
 static void dumpNode(TidyDoc doc, TidyNode tnod, int indent)
 {
   TidyNode child;
-  for(child = tidyGetChild(tnod); child; child = tidyGetNext(child) ) {
+  for(child = tidyGetChild(tnod); child; child = tidyGetNext(child)) {
     ctmbstr name = tidyNodeGetName(child);
     if(name) {
       /* if it has a name, then it is an HTML tag ... */
       TidyAttr attr;
       printf("%*.*s%s ", indent, indent, "<", name);
       /* walk the attribute list */
-      for(attr = tidyAttrFirst(child); attr; attr = tidyAttrNext(attr) ) {
+      for(attr = tidyAttrFirst(child); attr; attr = tidyAttrNext(attr)) {
         printf("%s", tidyAttrName(attr));
         tidyAttrValue(attr) ? printf("=\"%s\" ",
                                      tidyAttrValue(attr)) : printf(" ");
diff --git a/docs/examples/htmltitle.cpp b/docs/examples/htmltitle.cpp
index 97b924b180..a6f944ff0e 100644
--- a/docs/examples/htmltitle.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/htmltitle.cpp
@@ -55,9 +55,8 @@
 //  libxml callback context structure
 //
 
-struct Context
-{
-  Context(): addTitle(false) { }
+struct Context {
+  Context() : addTitle(false) {}
 
   bool addTitle;
   std::string title;
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ static size_t writer(char *data, size_t size, size_t nmemb,
   if(writerData == NULL)
     return 0;
 
-  writerData->append(data, size*nmemb);
+  writerData->append(data, size * nmemb);
 
   return size * nmemb;
 }
diff --git a/docs/examples/http2-pushinmemory.c b/docs/examples/http2-pushinmemory.c
index 14f37dbbbc..df896e1af5 100644
--- a/docs/examples/http2-pushinmemory.c
+++ b/docs/examples/http2-pushinmemory.c
@@ -115,7 +115,6 @@ static int server_push_callback(CURL *parent,
   return CURL_PUSH_OK;
 }
 
-
 /*
  * Download a file over HTTP/2, take care of server push.
  */
diff --git a/docs/examples/httpput-postfields.c b/docs/examples/httpput-postfields.c
index 29fd6273d7..4fd92aaffb 100644
--- a/docs/examples/httpput-postfields.c
+++ b/docs/examples/httpput-postfields.c
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
 #include <curl/curl.h>
 
-static const char olivertwist[]=
+static const char olivertwist[] =
   "Among other public buildings in a certain town, which for many reasons "
   "it will be prudent to refrain from mentioning, and to which I will assign "
   "no fictitious name, there is one anciently common to most towns, great or "
diff --git a/docs/examples/httpput.c b/docs/examples/httpput.c
index 5c3fc314b8..026fde1210 100644
--- a/docs/examples/httpput.c
+++ b/docs/examples/httpput.c
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
   CURL *curl;
   CURLcode res;
-  FILE * hd_src;
+  FILE *hd_src;
   struct stat file_info;
 
   char *file;
diff --git a/docs/examples/imap-append.c b/docs/examples/imap-append.c
index 81ca682ffd..91cbac6915 100644
--- a/docs/examples/imap-append.c
+++ b/docs/examples/imap-append.c
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ static size_t read_cb(char *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp)
   const char *data;
   size_t room = size * nmemb;
 
-  if((size == 0) || (nmemb == 0) || ((size*nmemb) < 1)) {
+  if((size == 0) || (nmemb == 0) || ((size * nmemb) < 1)) {
     return 0;
   }
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ int main(void)
   if(curl) {
     size_t filesize;
     long infilesize = LONG_MAX;
-    struct upload_status upload_ctx = { 0 };
+    struct upload_status upload_ctx = {0};
 
     /* Set username and password */
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERNAME, "user");
diff --git a/docs/examples/imap-ssl.c b/docs/examples/imap-ssl.c
index 259eddc26f..52448f492d 100644
--- a/docs/examples/imap-ssl.c
+++ b/docs/examples/imap-ssl.c
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ int main(void)
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PASSWORD, "secret");
 
     /* This fetches message 1 from the user's inbox. Note the use of
-    * imaps:// rather than imap:// to request an SSL based connection. */
+     * imaps:// rather than imap:// to request an SSL based connection. */
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL,
                      "imaps://imap.example.com/INBOX/;UID=1");
 
diff --git a/docs/examples/log_failed_transfers.c b/docs/examples/log_failed_transfers.c
index a0d209ffc3..0c5c1a3b54 100644
--- a/docs/examples/log_failed_transfers.c
+++ b/docs/examples/log_failed_transfers.c
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ int main(void)
   curl_global_trace("all");
 #endif
 
-  for(i = 0; i < sizeof(transfer)/sizeof(transfer[0]); ++i) {
+  for(i = 0; i < sizeof(transfer) / sizeof(transfer[0]); ++i) {
     int failed = 0;
     struct transfer *t = &transfer[i];
 
diff --git a/docs/examples/multi-app.c b/docs/examples/multi-app.c
index 460c93057a..d58181e027 100644
--- a/docs/examples/multi-app.c
+++ b/docs/examples/multi-app.c
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ int main(void)
 
     int still_running = 1; /* keep number of running handles */
 
-    CURLMsg *msg; /* for picking up messages with the transfer status */
+    CURLMsg *msg;  /* for picking up messages with the transfer status */
     int msgs_left; /* how many messages are left */
 
     /* add the individual transfers */
diff --git a/docs/examples/multi-event.c b/docs/examples/multi-event.c
index 2698e24678..901d7dd6e7 100644
--- a/docs/examples/multi-event.c
+++ b/docs/examples/multi-event.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ static struct curl_context *create_curl_context(curl_socket_t sockfd)
 {
   struct curl_context *context;
 
-  context = (struct curl_context *) malloc(sizeof(*context));
+  context = (struct curl_context *)malloc(sizeof(*context));
 
   context->sockfd = sockfd;
 
@@ -134,10 +134,9 @@ static void curl_perform(int fd, short event, void *arg)
   if(event & EV_WRITE)
     flags |= CURL_CSELECT_OUT;
 
-  context = (struct curl_context *) arg;
+  context = (struct curl_context *)arg;
 
-  curl_multi_socket_action(multi, context->sockfd, flags,
-                           &running_handles);
+  curl_multi_socket_action(multi, context->sockfd, flags, &running_handles);
 
   check_multi_info();
 }
@@ -148,8 +147,7 @@ static void on_timeout(evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void *arg)
   (void)fd;
   (void)events;
   (void)arg;
-  curl_multi_socket_action(multi, CURL_SOCKET_TIMEOUT, 0,
-                           &running_handles);
+  curl_multi_socket_action(multi, CURL_SOCKET_TIMEOUT, 0, &running_handles);
   check_multi_info();
 }
 
@@ -186,9 +184,9 @@ static int handle_socket(CURL *curl, curl_socket_t s, int action, void *userp,
   case CURL_POLL_OUT:
   case CURL_POLL_INOUT:
     curl_context = socketp ?
-      (struct curl_context *) socketp : create_curl_context(s);
+      (struct curl_context *)socketp : create_curl_context(s);
 
-    curl_multi_assign(multi, s, (void *) curl_context);
+    curl_multi_assign(multi, s, (void *)curl_context);
 
     if(action != CURL_POLL_IN)
       events |= EV_WRITE;
@@ -205,8 +203,8 @@ static int handle_socket(CURL *curl, curl_socket_t s, int action, void *userp,
     break;
   case CURL_POLL_REMOVE:
     if(socketp) {
-      event_del(((struct curl_context*) socketp)->event);
-      destroy_curl_context((struct curl_context*) socketp);
+      event_del(((struct curl_context *)socketp)->event);
+      destroy_curl_context((struct curl_context *)socketp);
       curl_multi_assign(multi, s, NULL);
     }
     break;
diff --git a/docs/examples/multi-legacy.c b/docs/examples/multi-legacy.c
index ca2c0a4c7a..e34d1cd710 100644
--- a/docs/examples/multi-legacy.c
+++ b/docs/examples/multi-legacy.c
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ int main(void)
 
     int still_running = 0; /* keep number of running handles */
 
-    CURLMsg *msg; /* for picking up messages with the transfer status */
+    CURLMsg *msg;  /* for picking up messages with the transfer status */
     int msgs_left; /* how many messages are left */
 
     /* add the individual transfers */
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ int main(void)
     while(still_running) {
 
       struct timeval timeout;
-      int rc; /* select() return code */
+      int rc;       /* select() return code */
       CURLMcode mc; /* curl_multi_fdset() return code */
 
       fd_set fdread;
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ int main(void)
       case -1:
         /* select error */
         break;
-      case 0: /* timeout */
+      case 0:  /* timeout */
       default: /* action */
         curl_multi_perform(multi, &still_running);
         break;
diff --git a/docs/examples/multi-uv.c b/docs/examples/multi-uv.c
index 1dac320489..4053cb9061 100644
--- a/docs/examples/multi-uv.c
+++ b/docs/examples/multi-uv.c
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ static struct curl_context *create_curl_context(curl_socket_t sockfd,
 {
   struct curl_context *context;
 
-  context = (struct curl_context *) malloc(sizeof(*context));
+  context = (struct curl_context *)malloc(sizeof(*context));
 
   context->sockfd = sockfd;
   context->uv = uv;
@@ -73,13 +73,13 @@ static struct curl_context *create_curl_context(curl_socket_t sockfd,
 
 static void curl_close_cb(uv_handle_t *handle)
 {
-  struct curl_context *context = (struct curl_context *) handle->data;
+  struct curl_context *context = (struct curl_context *)handle->data;
   free(context);
 }
 
 static void destroy_curl_context(struct curl_context *context)
 {
-  uv_close((uv_handle_t *) &context->poll_handle, curl_close_cb);
+  uv_close((uv_handle_t *)&context->poll_handle, curl_close_cb);
 }
 
 static void add_download(const char *url, int num, CURLM *multi)
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ static void on_uv_socket(uv_poll_t *req, int status, int events)
 {
   int running_handles;
   int flags = 0;
-  struct curl_context *context = (struct curl_context *) req->data;
+  struct curl_context *context = (struct curl_context *)req->data;
   (void)status;
   if(events & UV_READABLE)
     flags |= CURL_CSELECT_IN;
@@ -202,9 +202,9 @@ static int cb_socket(CURL *curl, curl_socket_t s, int action,
   case CURL_POLL_OUT:
   case CURL_POLL_INOUT:
     curl_context = socketp ?
-      (struct curl_context *) socketp : create_curl_context(s, uv);
+      (struct curl_context *)socketp : create_curl_context(s, uv);
 
-    curl_multi_assign(uv->multi, s, (void *) curl_context);
+    curl_multi_assign(uv->multi, s, (void *)curl_context);
 
     if(action != CURL_POLL_IN)
       events |= UV_WRITABLE;
@@ -215,8 +215,8 @@ static int cb_socket(CURL *curl, curl_socket_t s, int action,
     break;
   case CURL_POLL_REMOVE:
     if(socketp) {
-      uv_poll_stop(&((struct curl_context*)socketp)->poll_handle);
-      destroy_curl_context((struct curl_context*) socketp);
+      uv_poll_stop(&((struct curl_context *)socketp)->poll_handle);
+      destroy_curl_context((struct curl_context *)socketp);
       curl_multi_assign(uv->multi, s, NULL);
     }
     break;
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ static int cb_socket(CURL *curl, curl_socket_t s, int action,
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
   CURLcode res;
-  struct datauv uv = { 0 };
+  struct datauv uv = {0};
   int running_handles;
 
   if(argc <= 1)
diff --git a/docs/examples/multithread.c b/docs/examples/multithread.c
index 7de1baea90..308c1168e2 100644
--- a/docs/examples/multithread.c
+++ b/docs/examples/multithread.c
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ struct targ {
   const char *url;
 };
 
-
 static void *pull_one_url(void *p)
 {
   CURL *curl;
@@ -72,7 +71,6 @@ static void *pull_one_url(void *p)
   return NULL;
 }
 
-
 /*
    int pthread_create(pthread_t *new_thread_ID,
    const pthread_attr_t *attr,
diff --git a/docs/examples/netrc.c b/docs/examples/netrc.c
index 91f8df96dc..a9eaebff88 100644
--- a/docs/examples/netrc.c
+++ b/docs/examples/netrc.c
@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ int main(void)
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_NETRC, CURL_NETRC_OPTIONAL);
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_NETRC_FILE,
-                     "/home/daniel/s3cr3ts.txt");
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_NETRC_FILE, "/home/daniel/s3cr3ts.txt");
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "https://curl.se/");
 
     res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
diff --git a/docs/examples/post-callback.c b/docs/examples/post-callback.c
index bbab002790..c463e3785c 100644
--- a/docs/examples/post-callback.c
+++ b/docs/examples/post-callback.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ struct WriteThis {
 static size_t read_cb(char *dest, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp)
 {
   struct WriteThis *wt = (struct WriteThis *)userp;
-  size_t buffer_size = size*nmemb;
+  size_t buffer_size = size * nmemb;
 
   if(wt->sizeleft) {
     /* copy as much as possible from the source to the destination */
diff --git a/docs/examples/postinmemory.c b/docs/examples/postinmemory.c
index fc42251ddd..089d9a9c74 100644
--- a/docs/examples/postinmemory.c
+++ b/docs/examples/postinmemory.c
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ struct MemoryStruct {
   size_t size;
 };
 
-static size_t write_cb(void *contents, size_t size, size_t nmemb,
-                                  void *userp)
+static size_t write_cb(void *contents, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp)
 {
   size_t realsize = size * nmemb;
   struct MemoryStruct *mem = (struct MemoryStruct *)userp;
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ int main(void)
        *
        * Do something nice with it!
        */
-      printf("%s\n",chunk.memory);
+      printf("%s\n", chunk.memory);
     }
 
     /* always cleanup */
diff --git a/docs/examples/sftpget.c b/docs/examples/sftpget.c
index 287d5b253e..470474cafd 100644
--- a/docs/examples/sftpget.c
+++ b/docs/examples/sftpget.c
@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ struct FtpFile {
   FILE *stream;
 };
 
-static size_t write_cb(void *buffer, size_t size, size_t nmemb,
-                        void *stream)
+static size_t write_cb(void *buffer, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream)
 {
   struct FtpFile *out = (struct FtpFile *)stream;
   if(!out->stream) {
@@ -63,7 +62,6 @@ static size_t write_cb(void *buffer, size_t size, size_t nmemb,
   return fwrite(buffer, size, nmemb, out->stream);
 }
 
-
 int main(void)
 {
   CURL *curl;
diff --git a/docs/examples/sftpuploadresume.c b/docs/examples/sftpuploadresume.c
index 84bb425549..9b78f96ee4 100644
--- a/docs/examples/sftpuploadresume.c
+++ b/docs/examples/sftpuploadresume.c
@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@ static curl_off_t sftpGetRemoteFileSize(const char *i_remoteFile)
   return remoteFileSizeByte;
 }
 
-
 static int sftpResumeUpload(CURL *curl, const char *remotepath,
                             const char *localpath)
 {
diff --git a/docs/examples/shared-connection-cache.c b/docs/examples/shared-connection-cache.c
index bc1239428b..acaa610dec 100644
--- a/docs/examples/shared-connection-cache.c
+++ b/docs/examples/shared-connection-cache.c
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 
 #include <curl/curl.h>
 
-static void my_lock(CURL *curl, curl_lock_data data,
-                    curl_lock_access laccess, void *useptr)
+static void my_lock(CURL *curl, curl_lock_data data, curl_lock_access laccess,
+                    void *useptr)
 {
   (void)curl;
   (void)data;
diff --git a/docs/examples/simplessl.c b/docs/examples/simplessl.c
index a41a9ac29e..3cf4b462bd 100644
--- a/docs/examples/simplessl.c
+++ b/docs/examples/simplessl.c
@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ int main(void)
   const char *pKeyType;
 
 #ifdef USE_ENGINE
-  pKeyName  = "rsa_test";
-  pKeyType  = "ENG";
+  pKeyName = "rsa_test";
+  pKeyType = "ENG";
 #else
-  pKeyName  = "testkey.pem";
-  pKeyType  = "PEM";
+  pKeyName = "testkey.pem";
+  pKeyType = "PEM";
 #endif
 
   res = curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
diff --git a/docs/examples/smooth-gtk-thread.c b/docs/examples/smooth-gtk-thread.c
index 2a3cdbc0ef..6bf8946721 100644
--- a/docs/examples/smooth-gtk-thread.c
+++ b/docs/examples/smooth-gtk-thread.c
@@ -108,11 +108,10 @@ static void *pull_one_url(void *NaN)
   return NULL;
 }
 
-
 static gboolean pulse_bar(gpointer data)
 {
   gdk_threads_enter();
-  gtk_progress_bar_pulse(GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (data));
+  gtk_progress_bar_pulse(GTK_PROGRESS_BAR(data));
   gdk_threads_leave();
 
   /* Return true so the function is called again; returning false removes this
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ static void *create_thread(void *progress_bar)
   int i;
 
   /* Make sure I do not create more threads than urls. */
-  for(i = 0; i < NUMT && i < num_urls ; i++) {
+  for(i = 0; i < NUMT && i < num_urls; i++) {
     int error = pthread_create(&tid[i],
                                NULL, /* default attributes please */
                                pull_one_url,
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
   /* Progress bar */
   progress_bar = gtk_progress_bar_new();
-  gtk_progress_bar_pulse(GTK_PROGRESS_BAR (progress_bar));
+  gtk_progress_bar_pulse(GTK_PROGRESS_BAR(progress_bar));
   /* Make uniform pulsing */
   gint pulse_ref = g_timeout_add(300, pulse_bar, progress_bar);
   g_object_set_data(G_OBJECT(progress_bar), "pulse_id",
@@ -206,7 +205,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   gtk_widget_show_all(top_window);
   printf("gtk_widget_show_all\n");
 
-  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT (top_window), "delete-event",
+  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(top_window), "delete-event",
                    G_CALLBACK(cb_delete), NULL);
 
   if(!g_thread_create(&create_thread, progress_bar, FALSE, NULL) != 0)
diff --git a/docs/examples/smtp-authzid.c b/docs/examples/smtp-authzid.c
index a375d839b1..e7dd20f590 100644
--- a/docs/examples/smtp-authzid.c
+++ b/docs/examples/smtp-authzid.c
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ static size_t read_cb(char *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp)
   size_t room = size * nmemb;
   size_t len;
 
-  if((size == 0) || (nmemb == 0) || ((size*nmemb) < 1)) {
+  if((size == 0) || (nmemb == 0) || ((size * nmemb) < 1)) {
     return 0;
   }
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ int main(void)
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
     struct curl_slist *recipients = NULL;
-    struct upload_status upload_ctx = { 0 };
+    struct upload_status upload_ctx = {0};
 
     /* This is the URL for your mailserver. In this example we connect to the
        smtp-submission port as we require an authenticated connection. */
diff --git a/docs/examples/smtp-mail.c b/docs/examples/smtp-mail.c
index e6e77b97a3..d5074abbf2 100644
--- a/docs/examples/smtp-mail.c
+++ b/docs/examples/smtp-mail.c
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ static size_t read_cb(char *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp)
   size_t room = size * nmemb;
   size_t len;
 
-  if((size == 0) || (nmemb == 0) || ((size*nmemb) < 1)) {
+  if((size == 0) || (nmemb == 0) || ((size * nmemb) < 1)) {
     return 0;
   }
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ int main(void)
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
     struct curl_slist *recipients = NULL;
-    struct upload_status upload_ctx = { 0 };
+    struct upload_status upload_ctx = {0};
 
     /* This is the URL for your mailserver */
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "smtp://mail.example.com");
diff --git a/docs/examples/smtp-multi.c b/docs/examples/smtp-multi.c
index ab7165cd52..8cb5e65a26 100644
--- a/docs/examples/smtp-multi.c
+++ b/docs/examples/smtp-multi.c
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ static size_t read_cb(char *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp)
   size_t room = size * nmemb;
   size_t len;
 
-  if((size == 0) || (nmemb == 0) || ((size*nmemb) < 1)) {
+  if((size == 0) || (nmemb == 0) || ((size * nmemb) < 1)) {
     return 0;
   }
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ int main(void)
     if(multi) {
       int still_running = 1;
       struct curl_slist *recipients = NULL;
-      struct upload_status upload_ctx = { 0 };
+      struct upload_status upload_ctx = {0};
 
       /* This is the URL for your mailserver */
       curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "smtp://mail.example.com");
diff --git a/docs/examples/smtp-ssl.c b/docs/examples/smtp-ssl.c
index 4ebc58f1b5..3b140c904c 100644
--- a/docs/examples/smtp-ssl.c
+++ b/docs/examples/smtp-ssl.c
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ static size_t read_cb(char *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp)
   size_t room = size * nmemb;
   size_t len;
 
-  if((size == 0) || (nmemb == 0) || ((size*nmemb) < 1)) {
+  if((size == 0) || (nmemb == 0) || ((size * nmemb) < 1)) {
     return 0;
   }
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ int main(void)
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
     struct curl_slist *recipients = NULL;
-    struct upload_status upload_ctx = { 0 };
+    struct upload_status upload_ctx = {0};
 
     /* Set username and password */
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERNAME, "user");
diff --git a/docs/examples/smtp-tls.c b/docs/examples/smtp-tls.c
index f6b3bb6053..3bf3b0cddf 100644
--- a/docs/examples/smtp-tls.c
+++ b/docs/examples/smtp-tls.c
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ static size_t read_cb(char *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userp)
   size_t room = size * nmemb;
   size_t len;
 
-  if((size == 0) || (nmemb == 0) || ((size*nmemb) < 1)) {
+  if((size == 0) || (nmemb == 0) || ((size * nmemb) < 1)) {
     return 0;
   }
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ int main(void)
   curl = curl_easy_init();
   if(curl) {
     struct curl_slist *recipients = NULL;
-    struct upload_status upload_ctx = { 0 };
+    struct upload_status upload_ctx = {0};
 
     /* Set username and password */
     curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERNAME, "user");
diff --git a/docs/examples/sslbackend.c b/docs/examples/sslbackend.c
index fd2b57534e..5615bec72d 100644
--- a/docs/examples/sslbackend.c
+++ b/docs/examples/sslbackend.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
  * SSL backend has to be configured).
  *
  *  **** This example only works with libcurl 7.56.0 and later! ****
-*/
+ */
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
diff --git a/docs/examples/synctime.c b/docs/examples/synctime.c
index a9a746c30a..b2a3b92607 100644
--- a/docs/examples/synctime.c
+++ b/docs/examples/synctime.c
@@ -66,7 +66,11 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 #ifndef _WIN32
-int main(void) { printf("Platform not supported.\n"); return 1; }
+int main(void)
+{
+  printf("Platform not supported.\n");
+  return 1;
+}
 #else
 
 #if (defined(_WIN32_WINNT) && (_WIN32_WINNT >= 0x0602)) || \
@@ -79,7 +83,11 @@ int main(void) { printf("Platform not supported.\n"); return 1; }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CURL_WINDOWS_UWP
-int main(void) { printf("Platform not supported.\n"); return 1; }
+int main(void)
+{
+  printf("Platform not supported.\n");
+  return 1;
+}
 #else
 
 #include <time.h>
@@ -123,8 +131,7 @@ static SYSTEMTIME LOCALTime;
 #define HTTP_COMMAND_HEAD       0
 #define HTTP_COMMAND_GET        1
 
-static size_t write_cb(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb,
-                                        void *stream)
+static size_t write_cb(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream)
 {
   fwrite(ptr, size, nmemb, stream);
   return nmemb * size;
@@ -280,7 +287,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         snprintf(conf->http_proxy, MAX_STRING, "%s", &argv[OptionIndex][8]);
 
       if((strcmp(argv[OptionIndex], "--help") == 0) ||
-          (strcmp(argv[OptionIndex], "/?") == 0)) {
+         (strcmp(argv[OptionIndex], "/?") == 0)) {
         showUsage();
         return 0;
       }
@@ -317,9 +324,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     gmt      = gmtime(&tt);
     tt_gmt   = mktime(gmt);
     tzonediffFloat = difftime(tt_local, tt_gmt);
-    tzonediffWord  = (int)(tzonediffFloat/3600.0);
+    tzonediffWord = (int)(tzonediffFloat / 3600.0);
 
-    if(tzonediffWord == (int)(tzonediffFloat/3600.0))
+    if(tzonediffWord == (int)(tzonediffFloat / 3600.0))
       snprintf(tzoneBuf, sizeof(tzoneBuf), "%+03d'00'", tzonediffWord);
     else
       snprintf(tzoneBuf, sizeof(tzoneBuf), "%+03d'30'", tzonediffWord);
@@ -329,9 +336,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     GetLocalTime(&LOCALTime);
     snprintf(timeBuf, 60, "%s, %02d %s %04d %02d:%02d:%02d.%03d, ",
              DayStr[LOCALTime.wDayOfWeek], LOCALTime.wDay,
-             MthStr[LOCALTime.wMonth-1], LOCALTime.wYear,
-             LOCALTime.wHour, LOCALTime.wMinute, LOCALTime.wSecond,
-             LOCALTime.wMilliseconds);
+             MthStr[LOCALTime.wMonth - 1], LOCALTime.wYear, LOCALTime.wHour,
+             LOCALTime.wMinute, LOCALTime.wSecond, LOCALTime.wMilliseconds);
 
     fprintf(stderr, "Fetch: %s\n\n", conf->timeserver);
     fprintf(stderr, "Before HTTP. Date: %s%s\n\n", timeBuf, tzoneBuf);
@@ -343,9 +349,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     GetLocalTime(&LOCALTime);
     snprintf(timeBuf, 60, "%s, %02d %s %04d %02d:%02d:%02d.%03d, ",
              DayStr[LOCALTime.wDayOfWeek], LOCALTime.wDay,
-             MthStr[LOCALTime.wMonth-1], LOCALTime.wYear,
-             LOCALTime.wHour, LOCALTime.wMinute, LOCALTime.wSecond,
-             LOCALTime.wMilliseconds);
+             MthStr[LOCALTime.wMonth - 1], LOCALTime.wYear, LOCALTime.wHour,
+             LOCALTime.wMinute, LOCALTime.wSecond, LOCALTime.wMilliseconds);
     fprintf(stderr, "\nAfter  HTTP. Date: %s%s\n", timeBuf, tzoneBuf);
 
     if(AutoSyncTime == 3) {
@@ -359,7 +364,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         GetLocalTime(&LOCALTime);
         snprintf(timeBuf, 60, "%s, %02d %s %04d %02d:%02d:%02d.%03d, ",
                  DayStr[LOCALTime.wDayOfWeek], LOCALTime.wDay,
-                 MthStr[LOCALTime.wMonth-1], LOCALTime.wYear,
+                 MthStr[LOCALTime.wMonth - 1], LOCALTime.wYear,
                  LOCALTime.wHour, LOCALTime.wMinute, LOCALTime.wSecond,
                  LOCALTime.wMilliseconds);
         fprintf(stderr, "\nNew System's Date: %s%s\n", timeBuf, tzoneBuf);
diff --git a/docs/examples/threaded-ssl.c b/docs/examples/threaded-ssl.c
index 8119113695..8d5d1234fc 100644
--- a/docs/examples/threaded-ssl.c
+++ b/docs/examples/threaded-ssl.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 #define NUMT 4
 
 /* List of URLs to fetch.*/
-static const char * const urls[]= {
+static const char * const urls[] = {
   "https://www.example.com/",
   "https://www2.example.com/",
   "https://www3.example.com/",
diff --git a/docs/examples/usercertinmem.c b/docs/examples/usercertinmem.c
index 175dae1151..44a0a15bc7 100644
--- a/docs/examples/usercertinmem.c
+++ b/docs/examples/usercertinmem.c
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ static CURLcode sslctx_function(CURL *curl, void *sslctx, void *pointer)
   }
 
   /* tell SSL to use the X509 certificate */
-  ret = SSL_CTX_use_certificate((SSL_CTX*)sslctx, cert);
+  ret = SSL_CTX_use_certificate((SSL_CTX *)sslctx, cert);
   if(ret != 1) {
     printf("Use certificate failed\n");
   }
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ static CURLcode sslctx_function(CURL *curl, void *sslctx, void *pointer)
   }
 
   /* tell SSL to use the RSA key from memory */
-  ret = SSL_CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey((SSL_CTX*)sslctx, rsa);
+  ret = SSL_CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey((SSL_CTX *)sslctx, rsa);
   if(ret != 1) {
     printf("Use Key failed\n");
   }
diff --git a/docs/examples/xmlstream.c b/docs/examples/xmlstream.c
index 0aec24cc67..5b35d04861 100644
--- a/docs/examples/xmlstream.c
+++ b/docs/examples/xmlstream.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct ParserStruct {
 static void startElement(void *userData, const XML_Char *name,
                          const XML_Char **atts)
 {
-  struct ParserStruct *state = (struct ParserStruct *) userData;
+  struct ParserStruct *state = (struct ParserStruct *)userData;
   state->tags++;
   state->depth++;
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ static void startElement(void *userData, const XML_Char *name,
 
 static void characterDataHandler(void *userData, const XML_Char *s, int len)
 {
-  struct ParserStruct *state = (struct ParserStruct *) userData;
+  struct ParserStruct *state = (struct ParserStruct *)userData;
   struct MemoryStruct *mem = &state->characters;
 
   char *ptr = realloc(mem->memory, mem->size + (unsigned long)len + 1);
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ static void characterDataHandler(void *userData, const XML_Char *s, int len)
 
 static void endElement(void *userData, const XML_Char *name)
 {
-  struct ParserStruct *state = (struct ParserStruct *) userData;
+  struct ParserStruct *state = (struct ParserStruct *)userData;
   state->depth--;
 
   printf("%5lu   %10lu   %s\n", state->depth, state->characters.size, name);
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ static void endElement(void *userData, const XML_Char *name)
 static size_t write_cb(void *contents, size_t length, size_t nmemb,
                        void *userp)
 {
-  XML_Parser parser = (XML_Parser) userp;
+  XML_Parser parser = (XML_Parser)userp;
   size_t real_size = length * nmemb;
-  struct ParserStruct *state = (struct ParserStruct *) XML_GetUserData(parser);
+  struct ParserStruct *state = (struct ParserStruct *)XML_GetUserData(parser);
 
   /* Only parse if we are not already in a failure state. */
   if(state->ok && XML_Parse(parser, contents, (int)real_size, 0) == 0) {