From: Chet Ramey Date: Fri, 9 Dec 2011 01:23:10 +0000 (-0500) Subject: commit bash-20091217 snapshot X-Git-Tag: bash-4.3-alpha~194 X-Git-Url: http://git.ipfire.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?a=commitdiff_plain;h=ecf57862513c28021a7836939862d38656144c80;p=thirdparty%2Fbash.git commit bash-20091217 snapshot --- diff --git a/COMPAT b/COMPAT index 6ee2bb3fa..3210ccac2 100644 --- a/COMPAT +++ b/COMPAT @@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ version and versions 2.0 and above. Shell Compatibility Level ========================= -Bash-3.2 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified +Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified as a set of options to the shopt builtin (compat31, compat32, compat40 at this writing). There is only one current compatibility level -- each option is mutually exclusive. This list does not mention behavior that is diff --git a/COMPAT~ b/COMPAT~ index 13512acb2..6ee2bb3fa 100644 --- a/COMPAT~ +++ b/COMPAT~ @@ -1,10 +1,12 @@ +Compatibility with previous versions +==================================== + This document details the incompatibilities between this version of bash, -bash-4.0, and the previous widely-available versions, bash-1.14 (which is -still the `standard' version for a few Linux distributions) and bash-2.x. +bash-4.1, and the previous widely-available versions, bash-2.x (which is +still the `standard' version for a few Linux distributions) and bash-3.x. These were discovered by users of bash-2.x and 3.x, so this list is not comprehensive. Some of these incompatibilities occur between the current -version and versions 2.0 and above. (The differences between bash-1.14 and -bash-2.0 were significant.) +version and versions 2.0 and above. 1. Bash uses a new quoting syntax, $"...", to do locale-specific string translation. Users who have relied on the (undocumented) @@ -277,7 +279,8 @@ bash-2.0 were significant.) than a regular expression. 34. Bash-4.0 allows the behavior in the previous item to be modified using - the notion of a shell `compatibility level'. + the notion of a shell `compatibility level'. If the compat31 shopt + option is set, quoting the pattern has no special effect. 35. Bash-3.2 (patched) and Bash-4.0 fix a bug that leaves the shell in an inconsistent internal state following an assignment error. One of the @@ -311,10 +314,54 @@ bash-2.0 were significant.) 41. Beginning with bash-4.0, when one of the commands in a pipeline is killed by a SIGINT while executing a command list, the shell acts as if it - received the interrupt. + received the interrupt. This can be disabled by setting the compat31 or + compat32 shell options. 42. Bash-4.0 changes the handling of the set -e option so that the shell exits if a pipeline fails (and not just if the last command in the failing pipeline is a simple command). This is not as Posix specifies. There is work underway to update this portion of the standard; the bash-4.0 behavior attempts to capture the consensus at the time of release. + +43. Bash-4.0 fixes a Posix mode bug that caused the . (source) builtin to + search the current directory for its filename argument, even if "." is + not in $PATH. Posix says that the shell shouldn't look in $PWD in this + case. + +44. Bash-4.1 uses the current locale when comparing strings using the < and + > operators to the `[[' command. This can be reverted to the previous + behavior by setting one of the `compatNN' shopt options. + +Shell Compatibility Level +========================= + +Bash-3.2 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified +as a set of options to the shopt builtin (compat31, compat32, compat40 at +this writing). There is only one current compatibility level -- each +option is mutually exclusive. This list does not mention behavior that is +standard for a particular version (e.g., setting compat32 means that quoting +the rhs of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in +the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and above). + +compat31 set + - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current + locale when comparing strings + - quoting the rhs of the regexp matching operator (=~) has no + special effect + +compat32 set + - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current + locale when comparing strings + +compat40 set + - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current + locale when comparing strings + - interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the execution + of the entire list to be aborted + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, +are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright +notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, +without any warranty. diff --git a/CWRU/changelog b/CWRU/changelog deleted file mode 100644 index 2523e4add..000000000 --- a/CWRU/changelog +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9272 +0,0 @@ - 7/27/2004 - --------- - -[bash-3.0 released] - - 7/28 - ---- -array.c - - in array_insert(), make sure the value to be added is non-NULL before - calling savestring() on it - -builtins/reserved.def - - fix description of `CDPATH' - -lib/readline/display.c - - when expanding a prompt that spans multiple lines with embedded - newlines, set prompt_physical_chars from the portion after the - final newline, not the preceding portion. Bug reported by - "Ralf S. Engelschall" - -make_cmd.c - - explicitly declare `lineno' in function prologue for make_case_command - -builtins/evalfile.c - - include `trap.h' for declaration for run_return_trap - -bashline.c - - fix a `return' without a value in enable_hostname_completion - -general.c - - include test.h for extern declaration for test_eaccess - -externs.h - - add declaration for zcatfd - -tests/{history,histexp}.tests - - unset HISTFILESIZE to avoid problems if a value of 0 is inherited - from the environment - - 7/30 - ---- -bashline.c - - small changes to glob_expand_word to perform tilde expansion before - attempting globbing - -builtins/Makefile.in - - fix the install-help target to not cd into the `helpfiles' - subdirectory, so a value of $INSTALL_DATA containing a relative - pathname (e.g., .././support/install.sh) remains valid - - 7/31 - ---- -subst.c - - new function, mbstrlen(s), returns length of a multibyte character - string - -include/shmbutil.h - - new macro, MB_STRLEN(s), calls mbstrlen or STRLEN as appropriate - -builtins/trap.def - - small change so that a first argument that's a valid signal number - (digits only -- no symbolic names) will be treated as a signal and - reverted back to the original handling disposition. Fixes debian - complaints - -subst.c - - call MB_STRLEN instead of STRLEN where appropriate in - parameter_brace_expand_length to handle multibyte characters properly - - call MB_STRLEN instead of strlen in verify_substring_values so that - negative substrings of strings with multibyte chars work properly - - 8/1 - --- -jobs.c - - describe_pid needs to write to stderr, not stdout (POSIX) - - start_job, since it's only used by builtins (fg/bg), needs to write - its output to stdout, not stderr (POSIX) - -sig.c - - add an `orig_flags' member to struct terminating_signal so the - original signal handling flags (SA_RESTART, etc.) can be preserved - on POSIX systems - - make sure to preserve the signal flags state in - initialize_terminating_signals and reset them for child processes - in reset_terminating_signals - -builtins/fc.def - - fixed an off-by-one error that caused `fc -l' to list one too many - history entries - - in posix mode, `fc' should not list any indication as to whether or - not history lines have been modified (POSIX) - - when in posix mode, the default editor for `fc' should be `ed' (POSIX) - -doc/bashref.texi - - updated the description of `trap' behavior when given a first - argument that is a valid signal number - - noted that `fc -l' won't indicate whether a history entry has been - modified if the shell is in posix mode - -builtins/command.def - - fixed bug: `command -v' is supposed to be silent if a command is not - found - -builtins/hash.def - - `hash' should print its `hash table empty' message to stderr - -lib/readline/misc.c - - back out 7/7 change to _rl_maybe_save_line; it breaks emacs-mode ^P - -general.c - - changed base_pathname so that it will return reasonable results for - non-absolute pathnames -- this is what is intended by all of its - callers - -arrayfunc.c - - fix array_variable_part to return NULL if it finds an invisible - variable in the hash table. Fixes seg fault caused by referring to - unset local variable using array notation - -{locale,variables}.c - - support LC_TIME as a special locale variable so HISTTIMEFORMAT tracks - the current locale - - 8/2 - --- -variables.c - - fixed small memory leak in makunbound() when a local array variable - is unset. Fix from William Park - -lib/readline/display.c - - fixed a problem when computing the number of invisible characters on - the first line of a prompt whose length exceeds the screen width - (should only happen when invisible characters occur after the - line wrap). Bug reported by agriffis@gentoo.org - -builtins/command.def - - `command -V' passes a new flag, CDESC_ABSPATH, which means to convert - to an absolute path - -builtins/type.def - - in posix mode, `type' and `command -v/-V' should not report - non-executable files, even if the execution code will attempt to - run them. Other posix shells do this - -doc/bashref.texi - - add note to POSIX Mode section describing behavior of type and command - when finding a non-executable file - -execute_cmd.c - - force extended_glob to 1 before calling binary_test in - execute_cond_node so that the right extended pattern matching gets - performed - - 8/3 - --- -braces.c - - make sure lhs[0] and rhs[0] are cast to `unsigned char' so chars - with values > 128 are handled correctly - -builtins/printf.def - - change bexpand() and printstr() to handle strings with a leading - '\0' whose length is non-zero, since that's valid input for the - `%b' format specifier - -subst.c - - fix a couple of instances of find_variable that didn't check the - result for an invisible variable - -variables.c - - BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO no longer created as - invisible vars - -pcomplete.c - - make sure COMP_WORDS is not invisible when bind_comp_words returns - - ditto for COMPREPLY in gen_shell_function_matches - - 8/4 - --- -braces.c - - fix problem where ${ was ignored but did not increment the open - brace count. Bug reported by Tim Waugh - -variables.c - - if make_local_variable finds a variable in the correct context in - the right variable scope, make sure it's not invisible before - returning it - - 8/5 - --- -builtins/trap.def - - fixed usage message to show `action' as not optional, though it - actually is when not in posix mode (for a single argument) - - 8/7 - --- -configure.in - - kfreebsd-gnu has had its sbrk() problems fixed, and no longer needs - to be configured --without-gnu-malloc - -lib/readline/vi_mode.c - - in rl_vi_search, free any saved history line before starting the - search, so failure leaves you at that line, not the last line in - the history (assuming the current line is not the last history line). - Fix from llattanzi@apple.com to replace fix of 7/7 - - 8/9 - --- -support/Makefile.in - - renamed `mostly-clean' target to `mostlyclean' - - 8/11 - ---- -lib/readline/vi_mode.c - - make same change for EOL in multibyte character case of - rl_vi_change_char - - 8/12 - ---- -subst.c - - in verify_substring_values, fix off-by-one error checking bounds of - `offset', esp. in array values (e.g., getting the highest element - of an array) - - 8/16 - ---- -aclocal.m4 - - change BASH_CHECK_DEV_FD to make sure that file descriptors > 2 are - accessible via /dev/fd, unlike FreeBSD 5.x - -lib/sh/strftime.c - - make sure `zone' is initialized with gettimeofday before it is used - - work around HPUX lack of `altzone' and differing definitions of - `timezone' - -lib/malloc/malloc.c - - internal_memalign and memalign now take a `size_t' as their first - argument, which seems to be the prevailing standard - -lib/malloc/{malloc.c,shmalloc.h} - - change sh_memalign to take a `size_t' as its first argument - -builtins/echo.def - - if posixly_correct and xpg_echo are both set, don't try to interpret - any arguments at all, as POSIX/XOPEN requires (fix inspired by Paul - Eggert) - -doc/bashref.texi - - amend description of bash posix mode to include new echo behavior - -builtins/fg_bg.def - - allow bg to take multiple job arguments, as posix seems to specify, - placing them all in the background, returning the status of the last - one as the status of `bg' - -lib/readline/vi_mode - - fix _rl_vi_change_mbchar_case (multibyte-char version of `~' - command) to have the right behavior at EOL -- handle case where vi - mode backs up at the end of the line - - 8/18 - ---- -array.c - - check for an empty array in array_rshift before shifting elements - and adjusting max_index - - check for null array in array_subrange - -jobs.c - - fix raw_job_exit_status to not ignore exit status of the last - process in the pipeline when `set -o pipefail' is enabled - - 8/19 - ---- -lib/readline/mbutil.c - - make sure _rl_find_next_mbchar_internal has a valid multibyte - character before it checks whether or not it's a zero-width - wide character and adjusts point accordingly - - 8/24 - ---- -bashline.c - - new function, bash_directory_expansion, duplicates the expansions - performed on the directory name by rl_filename_completion_function - - call bash_directory_expansion in command_word_completion_function - if we decide we're doing tilde expansion (and any other - canonicalization) on the directory name being completed - - 8/25 - ---- -configure.in - - use new-style AC_CHECK_HEADER to check for sys/ptem.h (which requires - sys/stream.h). The correct checks are in the code, but autoconf - complains if sys/stream.h is not included, rather than simply - checking for the header's presence - - 8/26 - ---- -builtins/hash.def - - fix a bug that prevented `hash -d' from working right (as soon as - hash removed a command from the table, the bug caused it to be added - right back) - - 8/27 - ---- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - explicitly note that conditional primaries that operate on files - operate on the targets of symbolic links rather than the links - themselves - - 8/30 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - fix multibyte calculation of `physchars' in prompt expansion, to - handle double-width multibyte characters correctly - - changes to rl_redisplay to handle prompts longer than the screenwidth - that might contain double-width multibyte characters. Fixes from - Tomohiro Kubota - - 9/6 - --- -subst.c - - change word_list_split to avoid really bad behavior caused by calling - list_append for each split word -- as the list gets long, you have - to traverse it every time. Keep a pointer to the end of the list and - and just tack onto it - - 9/8 - --- -lib/readline/complete.c - - change fnprint to calculate the displayed width of a filename in - the same way as fnwidth - -subst.c - - in verify_substring_values, when expanding ${array[@]:offset}, make - sure negative offsets count from one greater than the array's - maximum index so things like ${x[@}: -1} work to give the last element - (requires fixing array tests) - -builtins/common.c - - new error function, sh_wrerror(), for builtins to call when a write - error occurs - -builtins/common.h - - extern declaration for sh_wrerror() - -builtins/cd.def - - change builtin_error call to use sh_wrerror() - -builtins/echo.def - - report write errors with sh_wrerror() instead of just returning - failure - -builtins/printf.def - - change printstr to return failure (-1) or success (0) indication - rather than void - - report write errors when printstr() fails, return failure - - if any of the PF/printf calls fail, report write error and return - failure - -execute_cmd.c - - change execute_in_subshell so the subshell command inherits the - command timing flags from the enclosing COMMAND * - - 9/11 - ---- -[prayers for the victims of 9/11/2001] - -lib/sh/strnlen.c - - new file, implementation of GNU libc extension function strnlen - -lib/sh/Makefile.in, {config.h,configure,Makefile}.in, MANIFEST - - changes for strnlen - -configure.in - - version changed to 3.1-devel - -doc/bash.1, lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi - - added description of `-o plusdirs' to complete/compgen (thanks, - Arnold) - -parse.y - - new parser_state flag, PST_ASSIGNOK, if set indicates we're parsing - arguments to a builtin that accepts assignment statement arguments - - turn on PST_ASSIGNOK in read_token_word when appropriate - - turn off PST_ASSIGNOK in read_token when appropriate - - don't attempt to parse a compound assignment specially unless we're - in a position where an assignment statement is acceptable, or - PST_ASSIGNOK is set - - 9/13 - ---- -variables.c - - make BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_LINENO, and BASH_SOURCE - non-unsettable, since the shell uses those values internally - -expr.c - - make exponentiation right-associative, as is apparently correct - - 9/16 - ---- -arrayfunc.c - - make sure convert_var_to_array marks the environment as needing - recreation if the converted variable was exported - - 9/17 - ---- -braces.c - - mark ${ as introducing an additional level of braces only if it's - not in a quoted string -- quoted strings are handled before brace - matching is done - -parse.y - - fixed an obscure problem in history_delimiting_chars where the `in' - in a case statement could have a semicolon added after it, if the - `case word' was on a previous line - -support/config.guess - - support for newest versions of tandem non-stop kernel - -lib/readline/display.c - - in compute_lcd_of_matches, explicitly cast `text' to `char *' before - passing it to rl_filename_dequoting_function - -lib/readline/terminal.c - - bind the key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key to delete-char - (same as ^D in emacs mode) - -builtins/ulimit.def - - in print_all_limits, don't print anything if get_limit returns - -1/EINVAL, indicating that the kernel doesn't support that particular - limit - - add -i (max number of pending signals), -q (max size of posix msg - queues), -x (max number of file locks) for systems (Linux) that - support them - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - fix description of correspondence between FUNCNAME, BASH_LINENO, - and BASH_SOURCE indices in description of BASH_LINENO - - 9/18 - ---- -lib/sh/shquote.c - - don't quote CTLESC and CTLNUL with CTLESC in sh_backslash_quote, as - long as the resultant string never gets sent to the word expansion - functions without going through the shell parser - -externs.h - - add extern declarations for strnlen and strpbkrk from lib/sh - -subst.[ch] - - changes to handle case where IFS consists of multibyte characters. - Changed: string_extract_verbatim, split_at_delims, - string_list_dollar_star, string_list_dollar_at, list_string, - get_word_from_string, setifs - - 9/19 - ---- -mailcheck.c - - change file_mod_date_changed to reset the cached mail file data if - the file size drops to zero - -lib/readline/complete.c - - change append_to_match so that a non-zero value for - rl_completion_suppress_append will cause no `/' to be appended to a - directory name - -bashline.c - - experimental change to suppress appending a slash for a completed - filename that is found in PATH as well as a directory in the current - directory under certain circumstances: a single instance found in - $PATH when `.' is not in $PATH, and multiple instances found in the - $PATH, even when `.' is in the $PATH - - 9/24 - ---- -command.h - - new word flag: W_ASSIGNRHS, means word is rhs of assignment statement - - new word flag: W_NOTILDE, means word is not to be tilde expanded - - new word flag (internal): W_ITILDE, means the next character is a - tilde that should be expanded - -general.c - - new set of tilde suffixes for use when parsing the RHS of an - assignment statement and =~ should not be subject to tilde expansion - - if ASSIGN_P argument to bash_tilde_expand is 2, use tilde prefixes - for parsing RHS of assignment statement - -general.[ch] - - new function bash_tilde_find_word, drop-in replacement for - tilde_find_word - -subst.c - - call bash_tilde_expand with secord argument of 2 when expanding rhs - of an assignment statement, so tildes after second and subsequent - `=' in an assignment are not expanded - - new function, expand_string_assignment, to expand the rhs of an - assignment statement - - add `~' to EXP_CHAR, the characters that will cause the word - expansion functions to be called - - move tilde expansion into expand_word_internal instead of many - different calls to bash_tilde_expand scattered across different - functions. NOTE: This means that double quotes surrounding a - {paramOPword} expansion will cause tilde expansion to NOT be - performed on `word'. I think this is right, what POSIX specifies, - and consistent with the behavior of other characters in the rhs - -execute_cmd.c - - take out calls to bash_tilde_expand before calling word expansion - functions - - 9/26 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - make sure to call UNBLOCK_CHILD before returning on a pipe creation - failure in execute_pipeline - - 9/27 - ---- -variables.c - - change get_bash_command to deal with the_printed_command_except_trap - being NULL - -execute_cmd.c - - fix execute_simple_command to deal with the_printed_command being - NULL when assigning to the_printed_command_except_trap -- fixes - seg fault in savestring() - -parse.y - - change the parser so that the closing `)' in a compound variable - assignment delimits a token -- ksh93 does it this way - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - change description of tilde expansion to note that expansion is - attempted only after the first =~ in an assignment statement - -builtins/declare.def - - when assigning to an array variable with declare -a x=(...), make - sure the last character in the rhs of the variable assignment is - `)', not just that it appears somewhere - - 9/28 - ---- -command.h - - add a `W_NOEXPAND' flag to inhibit all expansion except quote removal - - add a `W_COMPASSIGN' flag to denote a word is a compound assignment - statement - -parse.y - - set W_COMPASSIGN on words that appear to be compound assignments - -subst.c - - pass W_NOXPAND and W_COMPASSIGN through end of expand_word_internal - -subst.[ch] - - new function, expand_assignment_string_to_string, calls - expand_string_assignment and then string_list on the result - -variables.c - - assign_in_env now calls expand_assignment_string_to_string - - 9/30 - ---- -builtins/common.c - - change get_job_spec so the null job `%' once again means the current - job - - 10/1 - ---- -subst.c - - do_assignment_internal now takes a WORD_DESC * as its first - argument, and uses its `word' member as the assignment string - - change expand_word_list_internal to call do_word_assignment instead - of do_assignment, passing it `word' instead of, e.g., `word->word' - - change extract_array_assignment_list to just return the passed - string minus a trailing `)' if the last character is a right - paren - - change do_assignment_internal to call extract_array_assignment_list - -subst.[ch] - - change do_assignment and do_assignment_no_expand to take a `char *' - instead of `const char *' first argument; change extern prototypes - - new function, do_word_assignment, takes a WORD_DESC * and calls - do_assignment_internal on it; add extern declaration with prototype - -general.h - - new typedef, sh_wassign_func_t, like sh_assign_func_t but takes a - WORD_DESC * as its first argument - -variables.[ch] - - assign_in_env now takes a WORD_DESC * as its first argument - - 10/2 - ---- -command.h - - new word flag, W_ASSNBLTIN, denotes that the word is a builtin - command (in a command position) that takes assignment statements - as arguments, like `declare' - - new word flags, W_ASSIGNARG, denotes that word is an assignment - statement given as argument to assignment builtin - -execute_cmd.c - - set W_ASSNBLTIN flag in fix_assignment_words if necessary (if there - are any arguments that are assignment statements) - - set W_ASSIGNARG flag in fix_assignment_words if necessary - -subst.c - - new function, do_compound_assignment, encapsulates the necessary - code to perform a compound array assignment (including creation of - local variables); called from do_assignment_internal - - to fix the double-expansion problem with compound array assignments - that are arguments to builtins like `declare', changed - shell_expand_word_list to treat those arguments like assignment - statements (with proper creation of local variables inside shell - functions) and pass the attribute-setting portion of the statement - onto the builtin. This is what ksh93 appears to do, from inspection - of the `ksh93 -x' output - -execute_cmd.c - - fix execute_simple_command: in case of pipeline or async command, - when forking early, set `subshell_environment' so that it can contain - both SUBSHELL_PIPE and SUBSHELL_ASYNC -- the two should not be - mutually exclusive. Fixes bug reported by pierre.humblet@ieee.org - - remove references to last_pid, old_command_subst_pid; use NO_PID as - a sentinel value to decide whether or not a child process has been - created and needs to be waited for. Submitted by - pierre.humblet@ieee.org to fix recycling-pid problem on cygwin - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - fixed documentation of `@(pattern)' extended globbing operator -- - it succeeds if the string matches one of the patterns, not exactly - one. This is what ksh93 does, too - -lib/readline/complete.c - - fixed rl_menu_complete so that a negative argument cycles backwards - through the list - - 10/3 - ---- -subst.c - - use W_COMPASSIGN flag in do_assignment_internal instead of deciding - lexically which assignments are compound array assignments - - 10/6 - ---- -support/shobj-conf - - additions for System V.5 from Boyd Gerber - -subst.c - - in command_substitute, if subshell_environment includes - SUBSHELL_ASYNC, call make_child with the `async_p' argument set to - non-zero. This keeps command substitutions for async commands or - pipelines from trying to give the terminal back to the shell's - pgrp. make sure to save and restore last_asynchronous_pid. Fix - suggested by - - 10/7 - ---- -config.h.in - - add a placeholder definition for WCONTINUED_BROKEN - - 10/9 - ---- -aclocal.m4 - - add BASH_CHECK_WCONTINUED, checks for glibc bug where WCONTINUED is - defined but rejected as invalid by waitpid(2) - -configure.in - - add call to BASH_CHECK_WCONTINUED, defines WCONTINUED_BROKEN - -redir.c - - experimental change to add_undo_redirect to save manipulations to - file descriptors >= SHELL_FD_BASE (10) on the list of redirections - to be undone even if `exec' causes the list to be discarded - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - note that redirections using file descriptors > 9 should be used - carefully, because they might conflict with file descriptors the - shell uses internally - - 10/11 - ----- -parse.y - - fix pipeline_command production to handle case where `pipeline' - as `argument' of `!' or `time' is null (e.g., a syntax error not - handled by the grammar) - - 10/13 - ----- -lib/readline/readline.c - - new internal variable, _rl_bind_stty_chars; if non-zero, bind the - terminal special characters to readline equivalents at startup - - change readline_default_bindings() and reset_default_bindings() to - understand _rl_bind_stty_chars - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - new extern declaration for _rl_bind_stty_chars - -lib/readline/rltty.c - - change rl_prep_terminal to add support for _rl_bind_stty_chars - - 10/15 - ----- -lib/readline/bind.c - - new bindable variable, `bind-tty-special-chars', bound to value of - _rl_bind_stty_chars - -doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi} - - documented new readline variable `bind-tty-special-chars' - -builtins/pushd.def - - make the first check for option `--' skip the rest of option - checking - - 10/16 - ----- -lib/readline/shell.c - - change sh_set_lines_and_columns to prefer setenv, which has - predictable memory allocation behavior, to putenv, which does not - - 10/19 - ----- -variables.c - - change push_exported_var so that a tempenv variable has to have the - export attribute set (which they all do -- something to look at) and - the `propagate' attribute set to be propagated down to the next - scope - -execute_cmd.c - - change execute_builtin so that if CMD_COMMAND_BUILTIN is set in the - passed flags argument, call pop_scope with a value that says the - builtin is not special, since `command' means that preceding variable - assignments don't persist in the environment. Fixes problem with - variable assignments preceding command preceding special builtin - keeping those variable assignments around (when in posix mode) - - 10/20 - ----- -lib/sh/shquote.c - - new function, sh_mkdoublequoted, brackets a given string with - double quotes and returns a new string. Flags argument, if non- - zero, means to quote embedded double quotes with backslashes - -externs.h - - new extern declaration for sh_mkdoublequoted - -parse.y - - use sh_mkdoublequoted after calling localeexpand() - -lib/sh/strtrans.c - - change ansicstr to understand that (flags & 4) != 0 means to remove - backslash from unrecognized escape sequences - -general.c - - fix logic problem in assignment() that caused non-variable-starter - characters to be allowed, resulting in things like `1=xxx' creating - a variable `1' in the hash table - - 10/21 - ----- -bashline.c - - don't call programmable_completions with an assignment statement - argument - - 10/22 - ----- -lib/readline/rltty.c - - in prepare_terminal_settings, turn echoing on (readline_echoing_p) - if get_tty_settings fails because the input is not a terminal - - 10/24 - ----- -lib/readline/util.c - - include rlmbutil.h for multibyte definitions - - new function, _rl_walphabetic, wide char version of rl_alphabetic - -lib/readline/mbutil.c - - new function, _rl_char_value(buf, ind), returns value of (possibly - multibyte) character at buf[ind] - -lib/readline/rlmbutil.h - - extern defines for _rl_walphabetic and _rl_char_value for when - multibyte chars are not being used - - new wrapper definitions for _rl_find_next_mbchar (MB_NEXTCHAR) and - _rl_find_prev_mbchar (MB_PREVCHAR) that try to avoid unneeded - function calls - -lib/readline/text.c - - fix rl_foward_word to work with multibyte characters (or in a - multibyte locale) using above utility functions - - fix rl_backward_word to work with multibyte characters (or in a - multibyte locale) using above utility functions - - 10/26 - ----- -parse.y - - fix parse_matched_pair so that it doesn't swallow \ when - parsing a $'...' construct (call shell_getc with different arg) - - 10/28 - ----- -lib/glob/glob.c - - after some (compiled-in) threshold, glob_vector will stop using - alloca to allocate `struct globval's and will switch to using - malloc, with appropriate cleanup before returning - -subst.c - - don't expand tildes after `=' in expand_word_internal, even if the - W_TILDEEXP flag is set, unless it's the first tilde in a word - marked W_ASSIGNMENT - - 10/31 - ----- -lib/readline/text.c - - make sure rl_point doesn't go below 0 in rl_delete_horizontal_space - (from SUSE, but not sent in) - -shell.c - - make sure shell_is_restricted skips over a single leading `-' in - the shell name (from SUSE, but not sent in) - -lib/readline/display.c - - disable `fast redisplay' at the end of the line if in a locale that - supports multibyte characters (from SUSE, but not sent in) - -lib/readline/histexpand.c - - fix a problem with finding the delimiter of a `?' substring when - compiled for multibyte characters (from SUSE, but not sent in) - - 11/1 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - correct some assignments to _rl_last_c_pos: when in a multibyte - locale, it's used as an absolute cursor position; when not using - multibyte characters, it's a buffer offset. I should have caught - this when the multibyte character support was donated - - 11/5 - ---- -general.c - - change `assignment()' to accept `+=' assignment operator - -arrayfunc.[ch] - - bind_array_variable and assign_array_element both take a new `flags' - argument - - assign_array_var_from_string, assign_array_from_string, and - assign_array_var_from_word_list now all take a new `flags' argument - - change assign_array_var_from_word_list to understand how to append - to an array variable - - change assign_array_var_from_string to understand how to append - to an array variable. It does not unset the previous value if - appending, allowing both old values to be changed and new ones to - be added - -subst.h - - new flag #defines to use for evaluating assignment statements - -{subst,variables}.c, builtins/{declare,read}.def - - change callers of assign_array_element and bind_array_variable - - change do_compound_assignment to understand assignment flags - - change do_assignment_internal to set assignment flags and pass them - to underlying functions - -pcomplete.c,builtins/{declare,read}.def - - fix callers of assign_array_var_from_string, assign_array_var_from_word_list - -variables.[ch] - - make_variable_value now takes a new `flags' argument - - make_variable_value now understands how to append to a particular - variable, using the old value - - bind_variable_value now takes a new `flags' argument - - change make_variable_value to understand ASS_APPEND flag - - bind_variable now takes a new `flags' argument - - bind_variable_internal now takes a new `flags' argument - -arrayfunc.c - - change callers of make_variable_value to add flags arg - -builtins/declare.def - - change callers of bind_variable_value to add flags arg - -{execute_cmd,mailcheck,pcomplete,shell,subst,variables}.c,parse.y -builtins/{cd,command,declare,getopts,read,set,setattr}.def - - change callers of bind_variable to add flags arg - -variables.c - - change callers of bind_variable_internal - - change bind_variable_internal to pass assignment flags on to - make_variable_value - - change assign_in_env to treat `var+=value' like `var=value' - -arrayfunc.c - - break code that actually constructs the new value and assigns it - to a particular array index out into a new functions: - bind_array_var_internal. This fakes out make_variable_value by - passing a dummy SHELL_VAR * so it can do proper appending and other - += processing - - changes to assign_array_var_from_string to accept and process as if - they were `standalone' assignment statements array assignment words - of the form [ind]+=val - - 11/7 - ---- -builtins/declare.def - - added support for `declare [flags] var+=value'. `Flags' are applied - before the assignment is performed, which has implications for things - like `-i' -- if -i is supplied, arithmetic evaluation and increment - will be performed - -builtins/setattr.def - - add support for `+=' assignment for rest of `assignment builtins': - export, readonly - - 11/12 - ----- -lib/readline/display.c - - make sure prompt_physical_chars and prompt_invis_chars_first_line - are reset to 0 if the prompt string passed to rl_expand_prompt is - NULL or empty - - 11/14 - ----- -{configure,config.h}.in - - check for `raise', define HAVE_RAISE if available - -lib/intl/dcigettext.c - - make sure `raise' is defined if HAVE_RAISE is not before - eval-plurah.h is included - -lib/malloc/trace.c - - put extern declaration for imalloc_fopen inside the MALLOC_TRACE - #ifdef - - 11/16 - ----- -lib/intl/Makefile.in - - make sure SHELL is defined to cpp - -lib/intl/dcigettext.c - - make sure we use getcwd() even if HAVE_GETCWD is not defined after - including config.h; if SHELL is defined, #define HAVE_GETCWD - - 11/18 - ----- -trap.[ch] - - new function, int signal_in_progress(int sig), returns TRUE if the - trap handler for signal SIG is currently executing - - 11/19 - ----- -redir.c - - slightly change do_redirection_internal to set the close-on-exec - flag for file descriptors > 2 used to save file descriptors < 2 - using explicit redirections (e.g., `exec 3>&1'). This keeps file - descriptors pointing to pipes from being left open but doesn't - change the shell's file descriptor semantics - - 11/20 - ----- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - correct some minor typos, forwarded from doko@debian.org - - 11/22 - ----- -doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi} - - documented detail that yank-last-arg and yank-nth-arg use the history - arg expansion code (and, as a result, are subject to restrictions - of the history-comment character) - - 11/23 - ----- -execute_cmd.c - - changes so that BASH_COMMAND preserves its value into a DEBUG trap: - for commands, arithmetic for command expressions, select commands, - case commands, (( commands, [[ commands, simple commands - - 11/24 - ----- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - changed description of `set' builtin slightly so that it is clear - that only variables are displayed in posix mode and that read-only - variables can't be reset by simply sourcing the output of `set' - -lib/sh/strftime.c - - don't try to redefine `inline' if it's already defined - - 11/26 - ----- -execute_cmd.c - - fix execute_function to check funcname_a after function execution, - since FUNCNAME can be changed or unset within a function - - 11/27 - ----- -builtins/evalfile.c - - make same changes as 11/26, this time to _evalfile - -execute_cmd.c - - change execute_function to run the return trap after a function - completes execution even if the shell is compiled without DEBUGGER - defined - -trap.c - - change reset_or_restore_signal_handlers so that the RETURN trap is - not inherited by command substitution when DEBUGGER is not defined - - 11/30 - ----- -lib/readline/misc.c - - fix memory leaks in _rl_free_history_entry and rl_maybe_replace_line - caused by not freeing `timestamp' member of history entry - - make sure timestamp is initialized to NULL in rl_maybe_save_line - - 12/1 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - fix execute_function so a function calling `return' will run the - RETURN trap, if one's defined - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - fix description of RETURN trap in various places to indicate that it's - only inherited by shell functions if function tracing is on globally - or has been enabled for that function - - fix documentation to indicate that the DEBUG and RETURN traps are - inherited under the same conditions - -execute_cmd.c - - a function does not inherit the RETURN trap if a DEBUG trap is - currently running - - 12/2 - ---- -lib/glob/xmbsrtowcs.c - - change xmbsrtowcs to handle the one case where malloc can fail - (though it should not matter) -- don't try to free a null pointer - - 12/9 - ---- -subst.c - - fix get_var_and_type to handle var[@], where `var' is a scalar - variable, identically to var -- all calling expansions can now - handle var[@] like var. Bug reported by agriffis@gentoo.org - - 12/10 - ----- -lib/readline/bind.c - - make new-style "\M-x" keybindings obey `convert-meta' settings - (bug reported by twaugh@redhat.com) - - 12/14 - ----- -builtins/set.def - - added description of `-' option to help text - -builtins/shopt.def - - fix bug that caused `gnu_errfmt' to not be compiled in unless - READLINE is defined - - 12/16 - ----- -subst.c - - fixed a typo in string_extract_verbatim in first call to MBLEN - (used `slen - 1' instead of `slen - i') - - 12/17 - ----- -subst.c - - avoid some calls to strlen if the value is only being used for - ADVANCE_CHAR and MB_CUR_MAX == 1 (since ADVANCE_CHAR doesn't need - it unless multibyte characters are possible) - - change string_extract_verbatim so it takes the length of the string - as a parameter, so we don't have to recompute the length of the same - string over and over again when doing word splitting (that kills if - it's a long string) - - 12/18 - ----- -subst.c - - in string_list_dollar_star, make sure to null-terminate the - separator if the character is longer than one byte - - 12/22 - ----- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - changed text in quoting section explaining that double quotes do - not prevent history expansion from taking place, and that backslashes - escaping ! are not removed - - 12/28 - ----- -shell.c - - set gnu_error_format to 1 if running under emacs. This should allow - the emacs `next-error' stuff to work, at least for interactive shells - -parse.y - - change yy_stream_get to set interrupt_immediately before calling - getc_with_restart when the shell is interactive. This avoids the - synchronization problem caused by the call to QUIT in read_a_line, - which results in the first character after a SIGINT/^C to be - dropped - - 12/30 - ----- -builtins/mkbuiltins.c - - changes to write long documentation to arrays as a single string by - default, rather than an array of strings -- enabled by default - - new option, -S, to restore old behavior of writing multiple strings - for long documentation - - changes to avoid filenames written when the separate-filenames option - (-H) has been supplied being run through gettext - -configure.in - - new cofiguration option, --enable-single-help-strings (on by default), - causes help text to be stored as a single string (or smaller set than - one string per line) - -builtins/Makefile.in - - pass `-S' to mkbuiltins if single-help-strings is turned off - -doc/bashref.texi - - documented new `single-help-strings' configure option - - 1/3/2005 - -------- -jobs.c - - make wait_for return a non-zero status if the job or processed - waited for is suspended. Returns 128 + stop signal. This fixes - the problem with `echo one && sleep 5 && echo two' displaying - `two' after the sleep is suspended - - 1/5 - --- -print_cmd.c - - change indirection_level_string so the code duplicates the first - character of $PS4 to indicate the indirection level, rather than - the first byte - - 1/8 - --- -variables.c - - new special variable hook function for COMP_WORDBREAKS; sets - rl_completer_word_break_characters back to NULL when the variable - is unset - - change bind_variable_value to understand dynamic variables with - assign_function set, and handle them correctly. If the variable is - being appended to, use make_variable_value to create the new - value - - change bind_variable_internal to understand dynamic variables with - assign_function set, and handle them the same way - - RANDOM and LINENO now get the integer attribute, so appending works - as expected - - ditto for HISTCMD, MAILCHECK, OPTIND - -lib/readline/display.c - - change _rl_make_prompt_for_search to set prompt_physical_chars - appropriately - - rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt save and restore - prompt_prefix_length - - change redraw_prompt to use rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt - - change rl_restore_prompt to set the `save' variables back to - NULL/0 so code can check whether or not the prompt has been saved - - change rl_message and rl_clear_message to save and restore the - prompt if the caller has not already done it (using a simple - semaphore-like variable) - - change rl_message to call expand_prompt, so that local_prompt and - local_prompt prefix are set before calling the redisplay functions, - in case the prompt is longer than a screenwidth (fixes bug - reported to debian by epl@unimelb.edu.au) - -lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi - - make sure to note that rl_save_prompt should be called before - rl_message, and rl_restore_prompt before rl_clear_message - -pcomplete.c - - make sure to save and restore the parser state around the call to - execute_shell_function in gen_shell_function_matches. Fixes bug - reported by a050106.1.keeLae3x@captaincrumb.com (cute) - -lib/readline/readline.c - - fix _rl_dispatch_subseq in the case where we're recursing back up - the chain (r == -2) and we encounter a key shadowed by a keymap, - but originally bound to self-insert. Calling rl_dispatch with - ANYOTHERKEY as the first argument will call rl_insert, but with - ANYOTHERKEY (256) as the char to insert. Use the shadow keymap - and set things up to dispatch to rl_insert with the shadowed key - as the argument. Fixes the bug reported by Thomas Glanzmann - (sithglan@stud.uni-erlangen.de) - - 1/13 - ---- -command.h - - new word flag: W_HASQUOTEDNULL - -make_cmd.c - - new function to allocate a WORD_DESC * without doing anything with a - containing string: alloc_word_desc - -make_cmd.h - - extern declaration for alloc_word_desc - -dispose_cmd.c - - new function to just free a WORD_DESC * without freeing the contained - string: dispose_word_desc - -dispose_cmd.h - - extern declaration for dispose_word_desc - -subst.c - - change some places to use alloc_word_desc - - make same changes to word_list_quote_removal as were made to - word_list_split - - set W_HASQUOTEDNULL when a word is created with w->word[0] == - CTLNUL and w->word[1] == '\0' - -subst.c - - parameter_brace_expand_word now returns a WORD_DESC * -- changed - callers to understand - - parameter_brace_expand_indir now returns a WORD_DESC * -- changed - callers to understand - - parameter_brace_expand_rhs now returns a WORD_DESC * -- changed - callers to understand - - remove W_HASQUOTEDNULL from a word's flags when remove_quoted_nulls - is called on the word's enclosed string - - 1/15 - ---- -subst.c - - param_expand now returns a WORD_DESC * -- changed callers to - understand - - parameter_brace_expand now returns a WORD_DESC * -- changed - callers to understand - - in expand_word_internal, only call remove_quoted_nulls after a word - is returned with W_HASQUOTEDNULL - - changes to pass W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag out of expand_word_internal; - changed callers to call remove_quoted_nulls only if return value has - W_HASQUOTEDNULL set. This is a mostly-complete fix for the - long-standing CTLNUL confusion between a quoted null expansion and - the expansion of a variable with a literal '\177' in its value - - change string_list_dollar_at to compute the separator character the - same way as string_list_dollar_star: using the already-computed - values generated in setifs() - - when expanding unquoted $*, if $IFS is empty, check whether or not - we're eventually going to split the results (e.g., on the rhs of an - assignment statement) and concatenate the positional parameters as - if the expansion were within double quotes if we're not going to - split - -tests/iquote.tests - - test cases based on old bug reports about the quoted-null vs. 0177 - problem the recent code fixes - - 1/16 - ---- -dispose_cmd.c - - set w->word to 0 before putting a WORD_DESC * back in the cache in - dispose_word_desc; changed callers to delete those assignments - -variables.c - - change assign_random and get_random_value so that the random number - generator only gets re-seeded once in a subshell environment, and - assigning a value to RANDOM counts as seeding the generator. This - makes the sequences a little more predictable - - 1/20 - ---- -lib/readline/history.c - - fix replace_history_entry, remove_history to return NULL if - passed index is < 0 - - 1/22 - ---- -lib/sh/netconn.c - - fix isnetconn() to understand that getpeername can return ENOTCONN - to indicate that an fd is not a socket - -configure.in - - set BUILD_DIR to contain backslashes to escape any spaces in the - directory name -- this is what make will accept in targets and - prerequisites, so it's better than trying to use double quotes - - set SIZE to the appropriate value if some cross-compiling tool - chain is being used; `size' by default (can be overridden by - SIZE environment variable) - -Makefile.in - - use $(SIZE) instead of size; set SIZE from configure - - 1/31 - ---- -arrayfunc.c - - in array_value_internal, return NULL right away if the variable's - value is NULL, instead of passing a null string to add_string_to_list - - 2/1 - --- -jobs.h - - new struct to hold stats and counters for child processes and jobs - - change some uses of global and static variables to use members of - new struct (struct jobstats) - - 2/2 - --- - -jobs.[ch] - - change PRUNNING to PALIVE - - new define INVALID_JOB - - new macro get_job_by_jid(ind), currently expands to jobs[ind] - - new define J_JOBSTATE, operates on a JOB * like JOBSTATE operates on - a job index - - new function, reset_job_indices, called from delete_job if - js.j_lastj or js.j_firstj are removed - - change various functions to keep counters and stats in struct jobstats - -pcomplete.c, builtins/common.c, builtins/{exit,fg_bg,jobs,kill,wait}.def - - change global variables (e.g., job_slots) to struct members - (e.g., js.j_jobslots) - - use INVALID_JOB define where appropriate - - use get_job_by_jid and J_JOBSTATE where appropriate - -trap.c - - change reset_or_restore_signal_handler to not free the exit trap - string if the function pointer is reset_signal, which is used when - the trap strings shouldn't be freed, like in command substitution - - 2/4 - --- -jobs.c - - new function, realloc_jobs_list, copies jobs array to newly-allocated - memory shrinking (or growing) size to have next multiple of JOB_SLOTS - greater than js.j_njobs - - change compact_jobs_list to just call reap_dead_jobs and then - realloc_jobs_list, simplifying it considerably - - discard_pipeline now returns `int': the number of processes freed - - slightly changed the logic deciding whether or not to call - compact_jobs_list: now non-interactive shells will compact the - list if it reaches MAX_JOBS_IN_ARRAY in size - -parse.y - - move test for backslash-newline after pop_string in shell_getc so - that things like - - ((echo 5) \ - (echo 6)) - - work right - - 2/8 - --- -jobs.h - - new structs for holding status of exited background processes, as - POSIX specifies - - new job flag: J_ASYNC - -jobs.c - - new functions to manipulate struct holding status of exited - background processes - - new members in struct jobstats to hold pointer to last created job - and last created asynchronous job - - initialize js.c_childmax in initialize_job_control - - if the `async' arg to stop_pipeline is non-null, set the J_ASYNC - flag in the job struct - - set js.j_last_made_job and js.j_last_asynchronous_job in - stop_pipeline - - new function: find_last_proc, returns the PROCESS * to the last proc - in a job's pipeline - - changed find_last_pid to call find_last_proc - - change delete_job to call bgp_add on the last proc of the job being - deleted - - change delete_all_jobs and wait_for_background_pids to call bgp_clear - - 2/9 - --- -jobs.c - - change wait_for_single_pid to look for pid in bgpids.list (using - bgp_search()) if find_pipeline returns NULL - - 2/10 - ---- -support/shobj-conf - - change the solaris-gcc stanza so that it auto-selects the appropriate - options for ld depending on which `ld' gcc says it's going to run - - 2/11 - ---- -jobs.h - - add support for PS_RECYCLED as a process state, add PRECYCLED macro - to test it. Change PALIVE and PRUNNING macros to not count processes - in PS_RECYCLED state - -execute_cmd.c - - restore use of last_pid as sentinel value; use NO_PID as sentinel - only if RECYCLES_PIDS is defined - -jobs.c - - change find_job to return a pointer to the PROCESS the desired pid - belongs to, analogous to find_pipeline returning pointer to JOB - - change find_job callers to add extra argument - - change running_only arguments to find_pipeline and find_job to - alive_only, since we don't want recycled pids returned here and it - better describes the result - - new function find_process, calls find_pipeline and searches the - returned pipeline for the PROCESS * describing the desired pid - - in make_child, if fork() returns the same pid as the value of - last_asynchronous_pid when RECYCLES_PIDS is defined, avoid pid - aliasing by resetting last_asynchronous_pid to 1 - - use PRUNNING instead of child->running, since we, for the most - part, don't want to consider recycled pids (e.g., in make_child()) - - call find_process instead of find_pipeline in waitchld() - - use PEXITED(p) instead of testing p->running == PS_DONE - - in make_child, call bgp_delete to remove a just-created pid from the - last of saved pid statuses - - in add_process, check whether or not pid being added is already in - the_pipeline or the jobs list (using find_process) and mark it as - recycled if so - - This set of fixes mostly came from Pierre Humblet - to fix pid aliasing and reuse problems on - cygwin - -variables.c - - set $_ from the environment if we get it there, set to $0 by - default if not in env - -doc/{bashref.texi,bash.1} - - a couple of clarifying changes to the description of $_ based on - comments from Glenn Morris - - 2/15 - ---- -shell.c - - use strstr instead of strmatch when checking whether $EMACS contains - `term' -- simpler and faster - - 2/18 - ---- -builtins/cd.def - - implement posix requirement that `pwd -P' set $PWD to a directory - name containing no symlinks - - add new function, setpwd(), just sets (and changes exported value) - of PWD - -doc/bashref.texi - - add note to posix mode section about pwd -P setting $PWD - -doc{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - added note that BASH_ARGC and BASH_ARGV are only set in extended - debug mode - - expand description of extdebug option to include everything changed - by extended debug mode - - 2/19 - ---- -pathexp.h - - new flag macro, FNMATCH_IGNCASE, evaluates to FNM_CASEFOLD if the - match_ignore_case variable is non-zero - -execute_cmd.c - - new variable, match_ignore_case - - change call to strmatch() in execute_case_command so it includes - FNMATCH_IGNCASE - -test.c - - change call to strmatch() in patcomp() so that pattern matching - calls for [[ ... ]] obey the match_ignore_case variable - -lib/sh/shmatch.c - - if match_ignore_case is set, enable REG_ICASE in the regexp match - flags - -builtins/shopt.def - - new settable option, `nocasematch', controls the match_ignore_case - variable. Currently alters pattern matching for case and [[ ... ]] - commands (==, !=, and =~ operators) - -doc/{bashref.texi,bash.1} - - updated descriptions of [[ and case to include reference to - nocasematch option - - 2/22 - ---- -builtins/mkbuiltins.c - - add `times' to the list of posix special builtins - - 2/23 - ---- -builtins/cd.def - - posix mode no longer turns on effect of -P option on $PWD if a - directory is chosen from CDPATH - -doc/bashref.texi - - clarified that in posix mode, reserved words are not alias expanded - only in a reserved word context - - removed item about cd, $CDPATH, and -P from posix mode section - - 2/24 - ---- -builtins/reserved.def - - minor cleanups to the description of `if' - - 3/2 - --- -subst.c - - change list_string and get_word_from_string to explicitly treat an - IFS character that is not space, tab, or newline *and any adjacent - IFS white space* as a single delimiter, as SUSv3/XPG6 says - -builtins/read.def - - check whether or not the number of fields is exactly the same as - the number of variables instead of just assigning the rest of the - line (minus any trailing IFS white space) to the last variable. - This parses a field and checks whether or not it consumes all of - the input (including any trailing field delimiters), falling back - to the previous behavior if it does not. This is what POSIX.2 - specifies, I believe (and the consensus of the austin-group list). - This requires a few tests in read.tests to be changed: backslashes - escaping IFS whitespace characters at the end of input cause the - whitespace characters to be preserved in the value assigned to the - variable, and the trailing non-whitespace field delimiter issue - - 3/7 - --- -configure.in - - add -D_POSIX_SOURCE to the LOCAL_CFLAGS for Interix - - 3/8 - --- -bashline.c - - make bash_directory_expansion a void function, since it doesn't have - any return value - - 3/9 - --- -builtins/read.def - - when testing for a pipe, use `fd' instead of hard-coding 0, since we - can read from other file descriptors now - -lib/sh/zread.c - - in zsyncfd, only set lind and lused to 0 if the lseek succeeds. - If the lseek fails, we might steal input from other programs, but - a failed lseek won't cause us to erroneously discard input - - 3/11 - ---- -builtins/evalstring.c - - don't allow parse_and_execute to short-circuit and call exec() if - the command's return value is being inverted - - 3/15 - ---- -builtins/printf.def - - new macro PC to call putchar and increment number of chars printed - - fixes bug in computation of value for %n format char - - `tw' is now a global var so printstr can modify it using PC() - - convert PF macro to use asprintf into a local buffer - Preparation for printf -v var - - add code to add the text printed to a `variable buffer' if -v option - supplied. The buffer grows as needed - - printf now takes a `-v var' option to put the output into the variable - VAR rather than sending it to stdout. It does not: - print partial output on error (e.g., format string error) - handle NULs in the variable value, as usual - - 3/16 - ---- -parse.y - - fix bug in prompt string decoding that caused a core dump when PS1 - contained \W and PWD was unset (null pointer deref) - -builtins/printf.def - - changed -v var behavior so it stores partial output into the named - variable upon an error - - 3/24 - ---- -lib/readline/bind.c - - bool_to_int now takes a `const char *' argument - -support/{printenv,recho,zecho}.c - - include config.h - - include "bashansi.h" for appropriate extern function declarations - -configure.in - - on MacOS X 10.4, compensate for loader not allowing static library - to override existing system dynamic library when compiling -dynamic - (affects readline and history libraries); so use absolute pathname - instead of -lreadline as library name - -lib/glob/{glob,sm_loop,smatch}.c - - make sure to cast arguments to (char *) or (unsigned char *) as - appropriate to avoid gcc4 warnings - -lib/glob/smatch.c - - collsym (single-byte version) now takes a (CHAR *) first argument to - match callers; cast argument to strncmp appropriately - -lib/sh/snprintf.c - - fix ldfallback and dfallback to handle width and precision specs in - the format passed to sprintf() - - fix STAR_ARGS macro to deal with negative field widths and precisions - - 3/25 - ---- -builtins/printf.def - - since a negative precision in a "x.x[fFgGeE]" format specifier should - be allowed but treated as if the precision were missing, let it - through - -lib/sh/snprintf.c - - fix * code to deal with a negative precision by treating it as if - the `.' and any digit string in the precision had not been specified - - fix format parsing code to deal with a negative inline precision, - e.g., "%4.-4f" by treating it as if the `'. and any digit string in - the precision had not been specified - - a `+' in a format specifier should only act as a flag if it comes - before a `.' (otherwise it is ignored) - -lib/readline/vi_mode.c - - new function, rl_vi_rubout, to rl_rubout as rl_vi_delete is to - rl_delete; saves deleted text for possible reinsertion as with any - vi-mode `text modification' command (fixes problem with `X' reported - by beat.wieland@gmx.ch) - -lib/readline/vi_keymap.c - - bind `X' in vi command mode to rl_vi_rubout - -lib/readline/funmap.c - - add a bindable `vi-rubout' command, runs rl_vi_rubout - -lib/readline/text.c - - rewrote internals of _rl_rubout_char to make structure cleaner - -lib/readline/{complete,text}.c - - changed code to remove #ifdef HANDLE_MULTIBYTE where possible - - 3/28 - ---- -lib/readline/examples/rl.c - - include instead of posixstat.h if READLINE_LIBRARY not - defined - -subst.c - - fix mbstrlen to treat invalid multibyte sequences as sequences of - single-byte characters - - 4/8 - --- -configure.in - - default SIZE to `:' if cross-compiling and an appropriate size for - the target is not found - - 4/11 - ---- -subst.c - - change match_upattern and match_wpattern to check whether or not the - supplied pattern matches anywhere in the supplied string, prefixing - and appending the pattern with `*' if necessary. If it doesn't we - can short-circuit immediately rather than waste time doing up to - N-1 unsuccessful calls to strmatch/wcsmatch (which kills for long - strings, even if the pattern is short) - - 4/12 - ---- -configure.in - - make sure the special case for MacOS X 10.4 only kicks in if the - `--with-installed-readline' option isn't supplied - -lib/readline/{callback,readline,signals}.c - - make sure rl_prep_term_function and rl_deprep_term_function aren't - dereferenced if NULL (as the documentation says) - -builtins/mkbuiltins.c - - don't bother with the special HAVE_BCOPY code; just use straight - assignments - -builtins/ulimit.def - - use _POSIX_PIPE_BUF in pipesize() if it's defined and PIPE_BUF is - not - - 4/13 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - add cm_function_def to the list of control structures for which - child processes are forked when pipes come in or out - - 4/14 - ---- -builtins/read.def - - make sure the ^As added for internal quoting are not counted as - characters read when -n is supplied - - 4/20 - ---- -redir.c - - fix redir_open so that the repeat open on failure that AFS support - adds restores the correct value of errno for any error message - - 4/26 - ---- - -Makefile.in - - make sure mksignames and mksyntax are invoked with the $(EXEEXT) - extension - - 4/28 - ---- -lib/readline/readline.h - - new state variable: RL_STATE_CALLBACK, means readline is using the - callback interface - -lib/readline/callback.c - - set RL_STATE_CALLBACK in rl_callback_handler_install, unset in - rl_callback_handler_remove - - 4/29 - ---- -config-top.h - - DONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE is now on by default, since it apparently - interferes with scripts - -configure.in - - arrange things so PGRP_PIPE is defined on Linux-2.4+ and version 3 - kernels (ones that apparently schedule children to run before their - parent) - - 4/30 - ---- -builtins/caller.def - - add call to no_options, so it can handle `--' option - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - note explicitly that test, :, true, and false don't understand -- - as meaning the end of options - - 5/7 - --- -support/shobj-conf - - darwin 8 needs the same LDFLAGS setting as darwin 7 - -parse.y - - in save_parser_state, make sure we cast the return value from - xmalloc() to the right type - - remove casts to (char *) in calls to yyerror() - -lib/readline/signals.c - - make SIGQUIT and SIGALRM code conditional on their definition - - use raise() to send a signal if we don't have kill() - -lib/readline/display.c - - some MS-DOS and MINGW changes from the cygwin and mingw folks - -config.h.in - - add HAVE_PWD_H for - - add HAVE_FCNTL, HAVE_KILL for respective system calls - - add HAVE_GETPW{ENT,NAM,UID} for passwd functions - -configure.in - - add check for - - add checks for fcntl, kill system calls - - add checks for getpw{ent,nam,uid} C library functions - - pass a flag indicating we're cross compiling through to - CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD in Makefile.in - -lib/readline/complete.c - - guard inclusion of with HAVE_PWD_H - - don't provide a missing declaration for getpwent if we don't have it - - guard calls to {get,end}pwent with HAVE_GETPWENT - -lib/readline/shell.c - - guard inclusion of with HAVE_PWD_H - - guard inclusion of with HAVE_FCNTL_H - - don't provide a missing declaration for getpwuid if we don't have it - - guard calls to getpwuid with HAVE_GETPWUID - - don't bother with body of sh_unset_nodelay_mode if we don't have - fcntl - -lib/tilde/tilde.c - - guard inclusion of with HAVE_PWD_H - - guard calls to getpw{nam,uid} with HAVE_GETPW{NAM,UID} - - guard calls to {get,end}pwent with HAVE_GETPWENT - -Makefile.in,builtins/Makefile.in - - @CROSS_COMPILE@ is substituted into CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD (equal to - -DCROSS_COMPILING if bash is being cross-compiled) - - 5/9 - --- -aclocal.m4 - - print version as `0.0' in RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION if the - `rl_gnu_readline_p' variable isn't 1 (accept no imitations) - - 5/11 - ---- -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - definition of a readline `search context', to be use for incremental - search initially and other types of search later. Original from - Bob Rossi as part of work on incremental searching problems when - using callback interface - -lib/readline/isearch.c - - functions to allocate and free search contexts - - function to take a search context and a character just read and - `dispatch' on it: change search parameters, add to search string, - search further, etc. - - isearch is now completely context-driven: a search context is - allocated and passed to the rest of the functions - - 5/12 - ---- -lib/readline/isearch.c - - an additional `isearch cleanup' function that can be called from - the callback interface functions when the search is to be terminated - - an additional `isearch callback' function that can be called from - rl_callback_read_char when input is available - - short-circuit from rl_search_history after initialization if - the callback interface is being used - -lib/readline/callback.c - - in rl_callback_read_char(), if RL_STATE_ISEARCH is set, call - _rl_isearch_callback to read the character and dispatch on it. - If RL_STATE_ISEARCH is unset when that call returns, and there is - input pending, call rl_callback_read_char() again so we don't - have to wait for new input to pick it up - -support/shobj-conf,configure.in - - add support for dragonfly bsd, the same as freebsd - - 5/13-5/15 - --------- -lib/readline/callback.c - - support for readline functions to `register' a function that will - be called when more input is available, with a generic data - structure to encapsulate the arguments and parameters. Primarily - intended for functions that read a single additional character, - like quoted-insert - - support for callback code reading numeric arguments in a loop, - using readline state and an auxiliary variable - - support for callback code performing non-incremental searches using - the same search context struct as the isearch code - -lib/readline/{callback,display}.c - - if a callback function sets `_rl_redisplay_wanted', the redisplay - function will be called as soon as it returns - -lib/readline/input.c - - changes to _rl_read_mbchar to handle reading the null multibyte - character and translating it into '\0' - -lib/readline/misc.c - - break rl_digit_loop() into component functions that can be called - individually from the callback code more easily - - share some of the functions with rl_digit_loop1() in vi_mode.c - -lib/readline/readline.h - - change the version #defines to reflect readline 5.1 - -lib/readline/search.c - - break code into smaller functions that can be composed to work with - the callback code more easily - -lib/readline/text.c - - in rl_quoted_insert(), don't mess around with the tty signals if - running in `callback mode' - -lib/readline/vi_mode.c - - changed set-mark, goto-mark, change-char, and char-search to work - when called by callback functions - - 5/17 - ---- - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - new struct declaration for a `reading key sequence' context - -lib/readline/readline.c - - new variable, _rl_dispatching_keymap, keeps track of which keymap - we are currently searching - - functions to allocate and deallocate contexts for reading multi-char - key sequences - - 5/18 - ---- -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - new struct defining a context for multiple-key key sequences (the - base case is escape-prefixed commands) - -lib/readline/readline.c - - change structure of _rl_dispatch_subseq to allow for callback code - to use it - rudimentary support for supporting the existing - recursion using a stack of contexts, each with a reference to the - previous - - fix so that ^G works when in callback mode - -lib/readline/callback.c - - call the appropriate multiple-key sequence callback if the state is - set - - 5/19 - ---- -lib/readline/readline.c - - broke code from _readline_internal_char after call to rl_dispatch - out into separate function: _rl_internal_char_cleanup, callable by - other parts of the code - - change _rl_internal_char_cleanup to unset _rl_want_redisplay after - it calls (*rl_redisplay_func) - -lib/readline/callback.c - - call _rl_internal_char_cleanup from rl_callback_read_char when - appropriate - - 5/24 - ---- -lib/readline/callback.c - - use _rl_dispatch_callback and a chain of _rl_keyseq_contexts to - simulate the recursion used to decode multicharacter key sequences - (even things like ESC- as meta-prefix) - - call setjmp in rl_callback_read_char to give things like rl_abort - a place to jump, since the saved location in readline() will not - be valid - - keep calling _rl_dispatch_callback from rl_callback_read_char while - we are still decoding a multi-key key sequence - - keep calling readline_internal_char from rl_callback_read_char while - we are reading characters from a macro - -lib/readline/macro.c - - use a slightly different strategy upon encountering the end of a macro - when using the callback interface: when the last character of a - macro is read, and we are reading a command, pop the macro off the - stack immediately so the loop in rl_callback_read_char terminates - when it should - -lib/readline/readline.c - - if longjmp() is called and we end up at the saved location while - using the callback interface, just return -- don't go back into a - blocking read - - new function to dispose a chain of rl_keyseq_cxts - - only read new input in _rl_dispatch_callback if the KSEQ_DISPATCHED - flag is not set in the current keyseq context -- if it is, we are - traversing the chain back up and should use what we already saved - - use -3 as a magic value from _rl_dispatch_subseq to indicate that - we're allocating a new context and moving downward in the chain - (a special return value for the benefit of _rl_dispatch_callback) - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - new extern declaration for _rl_keyseq_chain_dispose - - 6/1 - --- -builtins/read.def - - fixed a bug that occurred when reading a set number of chars and - the nth char is a backslash (read one too many). Bug reported by - Chris Morgan - -execute_cmd.c - - fix execute_builtin so the `unset' builtin also operates on the - temporary environment in POSIX mode (as well as source and eval), - so that unsetting variables in the temporary environment doesn't - leave them set when unset completes. Report by Eric Blake - - -array.c - - fix from William Park for array_rshift when shifting right on an - empty array -- corrects calculation of array->max_index - -builtins/exec.def - - if an exec fails and the execfail option is set, don't call - restart_job_control unless the shell is interactive or job_control - is set - -jobs.c - - add a run-time check for WCONTINUED being defined in header files - but rejected with EINVAL by waitpid(). Fix from Maciej Rozycki - - - 6/20 - ---- -bashhist.c - - make sure calls to sv_histchars are protected by #ifdef BANG_HISTORY - - ditto for calls to history_expand_line_internal - - 6/23 - ---- -doc/bashref.texi - - remove extra blank lines in @menu constructs - -variables.c - - assign export_env to environ (extern char **) every time it changes - (mostly in add_to_export_env define), so maybe getenv will work on - systems that don't allow it to be replaced - - 6/29 - ---- -bashline.c - - in bash_directory_completion_hook, be careful about not turning `/' - into `//' and `//' into `///' for benefit of those systems that treat - `//' as some sort of `network root'. Fix from Eric Blake - - -lib/readline/complete.c - - in to_print, do the right thing after stripping the trailing slash - from full_pathname: // doesn't turn into /, and /// doesn't become - //. Fix from Eric Blake - - 6/30 - ---- -lib/malloc/trace.c - - include if it's available for a definition of size_t - -jobs.c - - in wait_for, if a child process is marked as running but waitpid() - returns -1/ECHILD (e.g., when the bash process is being traced by - strace), make sure to increment c_reaped when marking the child as - dead - - in without_job_control, make sure to close the pgrp pipe after - calling start_pipeline - - 7/1 - --- -Makefile.in - - only remove pathnames.h when the other files created by running - configure are removed (e.g., Makefile). Fix from William Park - -lib/sh/shquote.c - - since backslash-newline disappears when within double quotes, don't - add a backslash in front of a newline in sh_double_quote. Problem - reported by William Park - -jobs.c - - in notify_of_job_status, don't print status messages about - terminated background processes unless job control is active - -bashhist.c - - new variable, hist_last_line_pushed, set to 0 in really_add_history - (used by `history -s' code) - -bashhist.h - - new extern declaration for history -s - -builtins/history.def - - don't remove last history entry in push_history if it was added by - a call to push_history -- use hist_last_line_pushed as a sentinel - and set it after adding history entry. This allows multiple - calls to history -s to work right: adding all lines to the history - rather than deleting all but the last. Bug reported by Matthias - Schniedermeyer - - pay attention to hist_last_line_pushed in expand_and_print_history() - so we don't delete an entry pushed by history -s - - 7/4 - --- -print_cmd.c - - fix print_arith_for_command to not print so many blanks between - expressions in ((...)) - -command.h - - new word flag: W_DQUOTE. Means word should be treated as if double - quoted - -make_cmd.c - - add W_DQUOTE to word flags in make_arith_for_expr - -parse.y - - add W_DQUOTE to word flags for (( ... )) arithmetic commands - -subst.c - - don't perform tilde expansion on a word with W_DQUOTE flag set - - don't perform process substitution on a word with W_DQUOTE flag set - -arrayfunc.c - - expand an array index within [...] the same way as an arithmetic - expansion between (( ... )) - -lib/readline/input.c - - use getch() instead of read() on mingw - -lib/readline/readline.c - - add a few key bindings for the arrow keys on mingw - -lib/readline/rldefs.h - - if on mingw, define NO_TTY_DRIVER - -lib/readline/rltty.c - - compile in the stub functions for _rl_{disable,restore}_tty_signals - if on mingw - - compile in stub function for rl_restart_output on mingw - - make sure enough functions and macros are defined to compile if - NO_TTY_DRIVER is defined (lightly tested - builds on MacOS X, at - least) - - 7/7 - --- -command.h - - add a `flags' member to the PATTERN_LIST structure - -make_cmd.c - - intialize the `flags' member of a PATTERN_LIST when it's created - -builtins/psize.c - - protect extern declaration of errno with usual #ifdef errno - -configure.in, variables.c - - changes for QNX 6.x - - 7/9 - --- -parse.y - - fix parse_matched_pair to handle single and double quoted strings - inside old-style command substitution (``) since they can each - quote the ` and embedded $-expansions. Report by Eric Blake - - -{configure,Makefile}.in - - TILDE_LIB is now substituted into Makefile by configure - -configure.in - - if configuring --with-installed-readline on cygwin, set TILDE_LIB - to the empty string to avoid multiply-defined symbols. Cygwin - doesn't allow undefined symbols in dynamic libraries. Report by - Eric Blake - - 7/11 - ---- -input.c - - in duplicate_buffered_stream, don't call free_buffered_stream if the - two buffered streams share the same b_buffer object (e.g., if they - had already been duplicated with a previous call). Fixes Debian bug - reported by eero17@bigfoot.com - - 7/12 - ---- -shell.c - - make set_shell_name more resistant to a NULL argument - - in bind_args, use < instead of != when counting the arguments and - making the arg list - - in main(), make sure arg_index is not initialized to a value greater - than argc - - 7/14 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - in expand_prompt, don't set the location of the last invisible - char if the sequence is zero length (\[\]) - - 7/15 - ---- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document that the shell uses $TMPDIR when creating temporary files - - 7/20 - ---- -[bash-3.1-alpha1 frozen] - - 7/29 - ---- -builtins/evalstring.c - - make sure that parse_and_execute saves and restores the value of - loop_level, so loops in sourced scripts and eval'd strings don't - mess up the shell's parser state - -bashline.c - - change command_subst_completion_function to suppress appending - any character to a unique completion, instead of a space, unless - the last word in the quoted command substitution completes to a - directory name. In that case we append the expected slash - - 8/1 - --- -builtins/printf.def - - make sure variables are initialized if their values are tested later - -[bash-3.1-alpha1 updated and re-frozen] - - 8/2 - --- -variables.c - - make sure to call stifle_history with an `int' instead of an intmax_t. - Sometimes it makes a difference - - 8/3 - --- -[bash-3.1-alpha1 released] - -support/mksignames.c - - add `SIGSTKFLT' (RHE3) - - add `SIGXRES' (Solaris 9) - - 8/4 - --- -builtins/ulimit.def - - fix typo to make `x' the right option for locks - - add new options to short help synopsis - -variables.c - - use get_variable_value instead of direct reference to value_cell - in make_variable_value when appending to the current value, so - references to array variables without subscripts will be equivalent - to element 0 - -lib/readline/text.c - - rewrote rl_change_case to correctly change the case of multibyte - characters where appropriate - - 8/5 - --- -configure.in - - remove call to obsolete macro AC_ACVERSION - - remove special calls to AC_CYGWIN and AC_MINGW32; AC_CANONICAL_HOST - takes care of those cases - -general.h - - include `chartypes.h' for definition of ISALPHA - - fix definitions of ABSPATH and RELPATH for cygwin - - fix definition of ISDIRSEP for cygwin to allow backslash as a - directory name separator - - 8/9 - --- -builtins/setattr.def - - when setting a variable from the temporary environment in - set_var_attribute (e.g., `LC_ALL=C export LC_ALL'), make sure to - call stupidly_hack_special_variables after binding the variable in - the current context - -builtins/printf.def - - make sure to call stupidly_hack_special_variables if using `printf -v' - to put formatted output in a shell variable - - 8/11 - ---- -support/shobj-conf - - new variable: SHLIB_LIBPREF, prefix for shared library name (defaults - to `lib' - - new variable: SHLIB_DLLVERSION, used on Cygwin to set the library - version number - - new variable: SHLIB_DOT, separator character between library name and - suffix and version information (defaults to `.') - - new stanza for cygwin to generate windows-compatible dll - - 8/14 - ---- -variables.c - - new special variable function for Cygwin, so the export environment - is remade when HOME is changed. The environment is the only way to - get information from the shell to cygwin dlls, for instanace, when - bash is compiled to use an already-installed libreadline - -variables.h - - new extern declaration for sv_home - - 8/15 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - call init_line_structures from rl_redisplay if vis_lbreaks == 0 - to avoid consequences of a poorly-timed SIGWINCH - - 8/16 - ---- -subst.c - - fix logic for performing tilde expansion when in posix mode (don't - rely on W_TILDEEXP flag always being set, because it won't be when - expanding the RHS of assignment statement). Use W_TILDEEXP only - when deciding to expand a word marked as W_ASSIGNMENT that doesn't - precede a command name - - 8/17 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - in execute_function, when subshell == 1, don't short-cut by using - the command contained in the group command -- if you do, any - redirections attached to the group command (function) don't get - executed - -general.h - - new #define, FS_READABLE, indicates file is readable by current - user - -findcmd.c - - rewrote file_status to use S_xxx POSIX file mode bits and to add - support for FS_READABLE (affects ./source and searching $PATH for - scripts whose names are supplied as arguments on the command line) - - change find_path_file to look for readable files -- source requires - it - - change find_in_path_element to do the right thing when FS_READABLE - is supplied as a flag - -doc/bashref.texi - - remove note about posix non-compliance in `.': we now require and - look for readable files when searching $PATH - - 8/20 - ---- -subst.c - - fix setifs to handle case where passed variable is non-zero but - v->value == 0 (as in an unset local variable); treat IFS as unset - in this case - -jobs.c - - in kill_pid, if asked to killpg a process or pgrp whose pgrp is - recorded as the same as the shell's, just call killpg and let the - chips fall where they may -- there may be other processes in that - pgrp that are not children of the shell, so killing each process - in the pipeline will not do a complete job, and killpg'ing each - such process will send too many signals in the majority of cases - -builtins/cd.def - - in posix mode, pwd needs to check that the value it prints and `.' - are the same file - -builtins/read.def - - if reading input from stdin in a non-interactive shell and calling - `read', call sync_buffered_stream to seek backward in the input - stream if necessary (XXX - should we do this for all shell builtins?) - - 8/23 - ---- -builtins/cd.def - - in posix mode, if canonicalization of the absolute pathname fails - because the path length exceeds PATH_MAX, but the length of the passed - (non-absolute) pathname does not, attempt the chdir, just as when - not in posix mode - -builtins/type.def - - don't have describe_command call sh_makepath if the full path found - is already an absolute pathname (sh_makepath will stick $PWD onto the - front of it) - - 8/24 - ---- - -jobs.c - - in posix mode, don't have start_job print out and indication of - whether the job started by `bg' is the current or previous job - - change start_job to return success if a job to be resumed in the - background is already running. This means that bg won't fail when - asked to bg a background job, as SUSv3/XPG6 requires - - new function, init_job_stats, to zero out the global jobstats struct - -{jobs,nojobs}.c - - change kill_pid to handle pids < -1 by killing process groups - -jobs.h - - extern declaration for init_job_stats - -lib/readline/history.c - - check whether or not the history list is null in remove_history - -builtins/history.def - - delete_last_history is no longer static so fc builtin can use it - -builtins/fc.def - - use free_history_entry in fc_replhist instead of freeing struct - members individually - - call delete_last_history from fc_replhist instead of using inline - code - - if editing (-l not specified), make sure the fc command that caused - the editing is removed from the history list, as POSIX specifies - -builtins/kill.def - - just call kill_pid with any pid argument and let it handle pids < -1 - This is the only way to let kill_pid know whether a negative pid or - a job spec was supplied as an argument to kill - -builtins/fg_bg.def - - force fg_bg to return EXECUTION_SUCCESS explicitly if called by bg - and start_job returns successfully - - bg now returns success only if all the specified jobs were resumed - successfully - -execute_cmd.c - - call init_job_stats from initialize_subshell to zero out the global - job stats structure - - 8/25 - ---- -bashline.c - - change vi_edit_and_execute_command to just call vi when in posix - mode, instead of checking $FCEDIT and $EDITOR - -lib/readline/search.c - - if in vi_mode, call rl_free_undo_list in make_history_line_current - to dispose of undo list accumulated while reading the search string - (if this isn't done, since vi mode leaves the current history - position at the entry which matched the search, the call to - rl_revert_line in rl_internal_teardown will mangle the matched - history entry using a bogus rl_undo_list) - - call rl_free_undo_list after reading a non-incremental search string - into rl_line_buffer -- that undo list should be discarded - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - add UNDO_LIST * member to search context struct - -lib/readline/isearch.c - - initialize UNDO_LIST *save_undo_list member of search context struct - - 8/27 - ---- -lib/readline/bind.c - - change rl_parse_and_bind to strip whitespace from the end of a - variable value assignment before calling rl_variable_bind - -doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{rluser.texi,readline.3} - - clarified the language concerning parsing values for boolean - variables in assignment statements - - 8/28 - ---- -lib/sh/pathphys.c - - fix small memory leak in sh_realpath reported by Eric Blake - - 8/31 - ---- -doc/bashref.texi - - add additional notes to posix mode section - - 9/3 - --- -parse.y - - if $'...' occurs within a ${...} parameter expansion within - double quotes, don't single-quote the expanded result -- the double - quotes will cause it to be expanded incorrectly - - 9/4 - --- -builtins/fc.def - - if STRICT_POSIX is defined, the posix mode default for the editor to - use is $FCEDIT, then ed - -shell.c - - if STRICT_POSIX is defined, initialize `posixly_correct' to 1 - -config.h.in - - add #undef STRICT_POSIX - - 9/5 - --- -configure.in - - add new option argument, --enable-strict-posix-default, configures - bash to be posix-conformant (including defaulting echo to posix - conformance) by default - -builtins/echo.def - - if STRICT_POSIX is defined, default echo to xpg-style - -doc/bashref.texi - - describe the --enable-strict-posix-default option to configure - - 9/10 - ---- -builtins/mkbuiltins.c - - change to not generate N_(""), because the translated empty string is - special to GNU gettext - - 9/13 - ---- -lib/readline/complete.c - - a negative value for rl_completion_query_items means to not ask - -lib/readline/doc/{{rltech,rluser}.texi,readline.3} - - documented new semantics for rl_completion_query_items/ - completion-query-items - - 9/14 - ---- -bashline.c - - bind M-TAB in emacs mode to dynamic-complete-history even if the - current binding is `tab-insert' (which is what it is by default), - not just if it's unbound - - 9/15 - ---- -eval.c - - call QUIT before calling dispose_command on current_command after - the `exec_done' label. If we dispose current_command first, the - longjmp might restore the value of current_command after we've - disposed it, and the subsequent call to dispose_command from the - DISCARD case will free memory twice - - 9/16 - ---- -lib/sh/strto[iu]max.c - - make sure the function being declared is not a cpp define before - defining it -- should fix problems on HP-UX - - 9/19 - ---- -Makefile.in - - make sure the binaries for the tests are at the front of $PATH - - 9/22 - ---- -parse.y - - new flag for parse_matched_pair: P_COMMAND, indicating that the - text being parsed is a command (`...`, $(...)) - - change calls to parse_matched_pair to include P_COMMAND where - appropriate - - if P_COMMAND flag is set and the text is unquoted, check for comments - and don't try to parse embedded quoted strings if in a comment (still - not exactly right yet) - - 9/24 - ---- -builtins/history.def - - if running history -n, don't count these new lines as history lines - for the current session if the `histappend' shell option is set. - If we're just appending to the history file, the issue that caused - history_lines_this_session to be recalculated doesn't apply -- the - history file won't be missing any entries - -lib/readline/isearch.c - - fix C-w handler for isearch string reader to handle multibyte chars - -lib/readline/rlmbutil.h - - new defines for _rl_to_wupper and _rl_to_wlower - -lib/readline/text.c - - use _rl_to_wupper and _rl_to_wlower as appropriate - - 9/26 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - in shell_execve, if the exec fails due to E2BIG or ENOMEM, just print - the appropriate error message instead of checking out any interpreter - specified with #! - - 9/30 - ---- -bashhist.c - - make $HISTCMD available anytime remember_on_history is non-zero, - which indicates that we're saving commands to the history, and - let it evaluate to 1 if we're not - - 10/4 - ---- -lib/sh/snprintf.c - - in floating(), make sure d != 0 before calling chkinfnan -- gcc on the - version of Solaris 9 I have translates 0 to -inf on the call - -[bash-3.1-beta1 frozen] - - 10/6 - ---- -jobs.c - - set the_pipeline to NULL right away in cleanup_the_pipeline, and - dispose a copy of the pointer so we don't mess with the_pipeline - while we're in the process of destroying it - - block and unblock SIGCHLD around manipulating the_pipeline in - cleanup_the_pipeline - - 10/7 - ---- -[bash-3.1-beta1 released] - -lib/readline/isearch.c - - when switching directions, make sure we turn off the SF_REVERSE - flag in the search context's flags word if we're going from reverse - to forward i-search - -lib/readline/bind.c - - new function, rl_variable_value, returns a string representing a - bindable readline variable's value - - new auxiliary function, _rl_get_string_variable_value, encapsulates - everything needed to get a bindable string variable's value - - rewrote rl_variable_dumper to use _rl_get_string_variable_value - -lib/readline/readline.h - - new extern declaration for rl_variable_value - -lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi - - documented rl_variable_value - -bashline.c - - in command_word_completion_function, if readline sets - rl_completion_found_quote, but doesn't set rl_completion_quote_character, - we have an embedded quoted string or backslash-escaped character in - the passed text. We need to dequote that before calling - filename_completion_function. So far, this is in place only for - absolute program names (those containing a `/') - - in command_word_completion_function, use rl_variable_value to decide - whether or not we should ignore case, and use strncasecmp instead of - strncmp where appropriate - - 10/11 - ----- -builtins/fc.def - - fixed a typo when using POSIX_FC_EDIT_COMMAND - -redir.h - - new flag values for redirections: RX_INTERNAL and RX_USER (currently - unused) - -redir.c - - add_undo_redirect and add_undo_close_redirect now set RX_INTERNAL - flag when making new redirects - - in do_redirection_internal, only set file descriptors > 2 to CLEXEC - if they're marked as RX_INTERNAL - - 10/12 - ----- -jobs.c - - in wait_for_single_pid, if in posix mode, remove the waited-for pid - from the list of background pids, forgetting it entirely. POSIX - conformance tests test for this. - -lib/readline/{readline.h,vi_mode.c} - - new state flag, RL_STATE_VICMDONCE, set after entering vi command - mode the first time; reset on each call to readline() - - 10/13 - ----- -lib/readline/undo.c - - in rl_revert_line, make sure that revert-line in vi mode leaves - rl_point set to 0 no matter the state of the line buffer - -lib/readline/vi_mode.c - - when entering vi_command mode for the first time, free any existing - undo list so the previous insertions won't be undone by the `U' - command. This is how POSIX.2 says `U' should work (and the test - suite tests for it) - -lib/readline/bind.c - - change rl_parse_and_bind so only `set' commands involving boolean - readline variables have trailing whitespace stripped from the value - string - - 10/16 - ----- -lib/glob/sm_loop.c - - fix patscan() to correctly scan backslash-escaped characters - - 10/18 - ----- -lib/sh/{winsize.c,Makefile.in},{jobs,nojobs}.c,Makefile.in,externs.h - - moved get_new_window_size from jobs.c/nojobs.c to new file, - lib/sh/winsize.c, made function global - -{jobs,nojobs,sig}.c,{jobs,sig}.h - - moved SIGWINCH handling code to sig.c rather than duplicate it in - jobs.c and nojobs.c - - call set_sigwinch_handler from sig.c code rather than job control - signal initialization - -sig.[ch] - - new variable, sigwinch_received, acts like interrupt_state for - SIGWINCH, set by sigwinch_sighandler. sigwinch_sighandler no longer - calls get_new_window_size - -parse.y - - add call to get_new_window_size if sigwinch_received at top of - shell_getc - - 10/19 - ----- -lib/malloc/malloc.c - - to avoid orphaning memory on free if the right bucket is busy, use a - new function xplit(mem, bucket) to split the block into two or more - smaller ones and add those to the right bucket (appropriately marking - it as busy) - - audit bsplit(), bcoalesce(), and xsplit() for proper use of busy[], - since they're dealing with two separate buckets - - 10/22 - ----- -subst.c - - new flag for string_extract: EX_REQMATCH, means to return an error - if a matching/closing character is not found before EOS - - new static flag variables: extract_string_error and extract_string_fatal - - change expand_word_internal to check for new error returns from - string_extract and return errors if appropriate - - 10/23 - ----- -builtins/cd.def - - make sure we free TDIR in change_to_directory after calling - set_working_directory (which allocates new memory) and other places - we short-circuit and return - - 10/24 - ----- -subst.c - - modified fix from 10/22 to allow bare ` to pass through (for - some backwards compatibility and more correctness) - - 10/27 - ----- -conftypes.h - - make MacOS X use the RHAPSODY code that gets HOSTTYPE, et al. - at build rather than configure time, to support universal binaries - (fix from llattanzi@apple.com) - - 10/30 - ----- -builtins/evalstring.c - - make sure we don't turn on CMD_NO_FORK in parse_and_execute if - we're running a trap command on signal receipt or exit - -execute_cmd.c - - in shell_execve, improve the error message a little bit if the - interpreter name in a #! exec header ends with a ^M (as in a DOS- - format file) - - 11/1 - ---- -lib/readline/vi_mode.c - - fix vi-mode `r' command to leave the cursor in the right place - -[bash-3.1-rc1 frozen] - - 11/5 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - make sure a DEBUG trap doesn't overwrite a command string passed to - make_child in execute_simple_command - -bashline.c - - rearrange some code in bash_quote_filename so filenames with leading - tildes containing spaces aren't tilde-expanded before being - returned to the caller - - 11/6 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - when deciding where to move the cursor in rl_redisplay and needing - to move the cursor back after moving it vertically and compensate - for invisible characters in the prompt string, make sure that - _rl_last_c_pos is treated as an absolute cursor position in a - multibyte locale and the wrap offset (number of invisible characters) - is added explicitly when deciding how many characters to backspace - - 11/10 - ----- -lib/readline/terminal.c - - _rl_set_screen_size now interprets a lines or columns argument < 0 - as an indication not to change the current value - - 11/11 - ----- - -lib/readline/terminal.c - - new function, rl_reset_screen_size, calls _rl_get_screen_size to - reset readline's idea of the terminal size - - don't call _rl_get_screen_size in _rl_init_terminal_io if both - _rl_screenheight and _rl_screenwidth are > 0 - - don't initialize _rl_screenheight and _rl_screenwidth to 0 in - _rl_init_terminal_io; let caller take care of it - - set _rl_screenheight and _rl_screenwidth to 0 before calling - _rl_init_terminal_io - -lib/readline/readline.h - - new extern declaration for rl_reset_screen_size - -lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi - - documented rl_reset_screen_size - -variables.c - - if readline is being used, compile in a special var function for - assignments to LINES and COLUMNS that calls rl_set_screen_size or - rl_reset_screen_size as appropriate. Only do this in posix mode - and only when STRICT_POSIX is defined at compile time - - new semaphore variable, winsize_assignment, set while doing an - assignment to LINES or COLUMNS - - new variable, winsize_assigned, says LINES or COLUMNS was assigned - to or found in the environment - - if in the middle of an assignment to LINES or COLUMNS, make - sh_set_lines_and_columns a no-op - -lib/sh/winsize.c - - get_new_window_size now takes two int * arguments, to return the - screen dimensions - -externs.h - - change extern declaration for get_new_window_size - -{jobs,nojobs}.c, parse.y - - change callers of get_new_window_size - - 11/12 - ----- -lib/readline/terminal.c - - new variable, rl_prefer_env_winsize, gives LINES and COLUMNS - precedence over values from the kernel when computing window size - -lib/readline/readline.h - - extern declaration for rl_prefer_env_winsize - -lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi - - document rl_prefer_env_winsize - - 11/13 - ----- -lib/readline/rltty.c - - change rl_prep_terminal to make sure we set and reset the tty - special characters in the vi insertion keymap if in vi mode. This - matters if we get accept-line for the previous line while in vi - command mode - - 11/14 - ----- -builtins/pushd.def - - make sure any call to cd_builtin includes a leading `--' from the - argument list (or constructs one) - - 11/16 - ----- -pcomplete.c - - fix small memory leak in gen_wordlist_matches - -[bash-3.1-rc2 frozen] - - 11/21 - ----- -[bash-3.1-rc2 released] - - 11/23 - ----- -lib/readline/display.c - - changes to rl_redisplay to compensate for update_line updating - _rl_last_c_pos without taking invisible characters in the line into - account. Important in multibyte locales where _rl_last_c_pos is an - absolute cursor position - - changes to _rl_move_cursor_relative to account for _rl_last_c_pos - being an absolute cursor position in a multibyte character locale - - rewrote _rl_move_cursor_relative to make it a little simpler - - 11/29 - ----- -lib/readline/display.c - - changes to rl_redisplay and update_line for update_line to communicate - upward that it took the number of invisible characters on the current - line into account when modifying _rl_last_c_pos - - in update_line, adjust _rl_last_c_pos by wrap_offset before calling - _rl_move_cursor_relative, so we pass correct information about the - true cursor position - - 12/1 - ---- -configure.in - - changed release status to `release' - -[bash-3.1 frozen] - - 12/8 - ---- -[bash-3.1 released] - - 12/9 - ---- -doc/{bash.1,version.texi},lib/readline/doc/version.texi - - remove `beta1' from man page footer and texinfo documents - -variables.c - - make sure winsize_assignment is protected by #ifdef READLINE, so - minimal shell will compile - -builtins/read.def - - make sure error cases free memory and run any unwind-protects to - avoid memory leaks - - 12/10 - ----- -execute_cmd.c - - change execute_command_internal to set $PIPESTATUS for ((...)) and - [[ ... ]] commands - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi,version.texi} - - add documentation for ulimit -[iqx] and bump revision date - - 12/12 - ----- -parse.y - - make sure parse_compound_assignment saves and restores the - PST_ASSIGNOK parser state flag around its calls to read_token. - Fixes bug reported by Mike Frysinger - - 12/13 - ----- -parse.y - - change parse_compound_assignment to save and restore the value of - last_read_token. Not sure why it was set unconditionally in the - first place after parsing the complete compound assignment - - 12/14 - ----- -lib/readline/text.c - - don't use return value of rl_kill_text (which always succeeds and - returns the number of characters killed) in rl_delete as an indication - of success or failure - - ditto for return value of rl_delete_text - -lib/readline/readline.c - - don't return the value of the called readline function as the return - value from _rl_dispatch_subseq; -1 means something different to the - callers (return 0 all the time to indicate that a readline function - was found and dispatched). Fix from Andreas Schwab for - bug in callback interface first reported by Mike Frysinger - -execute_cmd.c - - fixed a typo in execute_case_command - - 12/15 - ----- -aclocal.m4 - - add check for wctype() to BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE, define HAVE_WCTYPE - -config.h.in - - add HAVE_WCTYPE #define - -config-bot.h - - add HAVE_WCTYPE to the set of checks for HANDLE_MULTIBYTE. This - should catch the deficient NetBSD multibyte support - - 12/16 - ----- -parse.y - - use CTLESC instead of literal '\001' when decode_prompt_string - prefixes RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE and RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE - - 12/20 - ----- -lib/readline/display.c - - don't treat RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE specially inside a sequence of - ignored characters - - keep track of the start of the current sequence of ignored - characters; make sure that an empty sequence of such characters - really is an empty sequence, not one that happens to end with '\001' - (RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE) - - 12/21 - ----- -subst.c - - change expand_word_internal to process rest of `tilde-word' as a - regular part of the word if tilde expansion leaves the tilde-word - unchanged. This means that ~$USER expands to ~chet, which seems - more intuitive, and is effectively what bash-3.0 did - - 12/23 - ----- -subst.c - - when making a local array variable in do_compound_assignment, make - sure that we don't use a variable of the same name from a previous - context - -doc/bash.1 - - documented expansions for word and patterns in case statement - -builtins/ulimit.def,doc/{bashref.texi,bash.1} - - added new -e and -r (nice and rtprio) options to ulimit; documented - them - - 12/26 - ----- -variables.c - - use `hmax' instead of `num' in sv_histsize to avoid integer overflow - problems with intmax_t - -builtins/read.def - - add unwind-protect to restore rl_attempted_completion_function in - case of a timeout - -{bashline,variables}.c - - move initialization of HISTSIZE from initialization path to - load_history, so it can be overridden by a value assigned in a - startup file - -lib/readline/misc.c - - add a missing `return r' so that rl_digit_loop returns a meaningful - value - -lib/readline/{bind,callback,display,isearch,rltty,search,text,vi_mode}.c - - minor cleanups to satisfy compiler warnings, mostly removing unused - variables - - 12/27 - ----- -support/Makefile.in - - add LIBS_FOR_BUILD support; defaults to ${LIBS} - -Makefile.in - - add LIBS_FOR_BUILD with no default value; use when linking programs - using CC_FOR_BUILD (e.g., bashversion) - - 12/28 - ----- -lib/readline/bind.c - - fix rl_translate_keyseq bad translation of \M-\C-x sequences - -execute_cmd.c - - in execute_arith_command, if the expression expands to more than one - word, make sure we join the words into a single string and pass the - entire thing to evalexp() - -expr.c - - new functions: _is_arithop(c), returns true if C is a valid single- - character arithmetic operator; _is_multiop(c), returns true if C is - a token corresponding to a valid multi-character arithmetic operator - - if we encounter a character that isn't a valid arithmetic - operator, throw an error. Try to be intelligent about what type of - error message to print - -subst.c - - new function, expand_arith_string, calls expand_string_if_necessary; - used where an arithmetic expression needs to be expanded - -subst.h - - new extern declaration for expand_arith_string - -arrayfunc.c - - in array_expand_index, call expand_arith_string to expand the - subscript in a fashion consistent with other arithmetic expressions - -subst.c - - fix parameter_brace_patsub so that we don't try to anchor the pattern - at the beginning or end of the string if we're doing global - replacement -- that combination doesn't doesn't make sense, and - the changed behavior is compatible with ksh93 - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - changed description of pattern substitution to match the new - semantics - -tests/new-exp.tests - - change tests to remove all ${pat//#rep} and ${pat//%rep} - expansions, since they don't mean the same thing anymore - - 12/29 - ----- -support/signames.c - - new file, initialize_signames() function from old mksignames.c. This - file builds the signal_names array - -support/mksignames.c - - strip out initialize_signames(), move to signames.c. This file only - writes signames.h - - set up to only write a stub signames.h if CROSS_COMPILING is defined, - with extern declaration for initialize_signames - - if not cross compiling, #define initialize_signames to nothing - -Makefile.in - - mksignames is now linked from mksignames.o and buildsignames.o - - add rules to build signames.o, assuming we're building it as part - of the shell (cross-compiling) - -trap.c - - call initialize_signames from initialize_traps - -configure.in - - set SIGNAMES_O to nothing (normal) or signames.o (cross-compiling), - substitute into Makefile - - don't set SIGNAMES_H if cross-compiling any more - - 12/30 - ----- -command.h - - new word flag: W_NOPROCSUB, inhibits process substitution on a word - -subst.c - - change expand_word_internal to suppress process substitution if the - word has the W_NOPROCSUB flag - -shell.c - - --wordexp turns on W_NOPROCSUB in addition to W_NOCOMSUB - -subst.c - - change string_list_dollar_at and string_list_dollar_star so that - MB_CUR_MAX is used to size an array only when using gcc, since gcc - can handle non-constant array sizes using a mechanism like alloca. - Other compilers, e.g. Sun's compiler, do not implement that - extension - - 12/31 - ----- -builtins/mkbuiltins.c - - when cross-compiling, don't include , since it's for the - target rather than the host system. Instead, choose a reasonable - set of default #defines based on a minimal POSIX system - -jobs.c - - change find_process to handle a NULL return value from find_pipeline - - return immediately from delete_job if jobs[index] is already NULL or - if it has a null pipeline associated with it - - in delete_job, if find_last_proc returns NULL, don't try to call - bgp_delete - - 1/7/2006 - -------- -doc/bash.1 - - patch from Tim Waugh to replace some literal single quotes with - \(aq, the groff special character for it - -jobs.c - - in realloc_jobs_list, make sure to zero out slots after j_lastj - in the new list - - 1/9 - --- -support/mksignames.c - - make sure to include to get right value of NSIG from - (usually) - - 1/10 - ---- -parse.y - - when calling parse_matched_pair on a $(...) command substitution, - don't pass the P_DQUOTE flag so that single quotes don't get - stripped from $'...' inside the command substitution. Bug report - and fix from Mike Stroyan - -jobs.c - - start maintaining true count of living children in js.c_living - - call reset_current in realloc_jobs_list, since old values for current - and previous job are most likely incorrect - - don't allocate a new list in realloc_jobs_list if the old size and - new size are the same; just compact the existing list - - make sure realloc_jobs_list updates value of js.j_njobs - - add some more itrace messages about non-null jobs after j_lastj in - jobs array - - 1/11 - ---- -bashjmp.h - - new value for second argument to longjmp: SIGEXIT. Reserved for - future use - - 1/12 - ---- -jobs.c - - add logic to make_child to figure out when pids wrap around - - turn second argument to delete_job into flags word, added flag to - prevent adding proc to bgpids list - - 1/13 - ---- -lib/readline/vi_mode.c - - move code that moves forward a character out of rl_vi_append_mode - into a separate function, _rl_vi_append_forward - - change _rl_vi_append_mode to save `a' as the last command, so it - can be redone properly - - new function _rl_vi_backup, moves point back a character taking - multibyte locales into account - - change rl_vi_redo to handle redoing an `a' command specially -- - it should be redone like `i' but after moving forward a character - - change rl_vi_redo to use _rl_vi_backup to move point backward - after redoing `i' or `a' - -jobs.c - - new function, delete_old_job (pid), checks whether or not PID is in - a job in the jobs list. If so, and the job is dead, it just removes - the job from the list. If so, and the job is not dead, it zeros - the pid in the appropriate PROCESS so pid aliasing doesn't occur - - make_child calls delete_old_job to potentially remove an already-used - instance of the pid just forked from the jobs list if pids have - wrapped around. Finally fixes the bug reported by Tim Waugh - - -trap.c - - new define, GETORIGSIG(sig), gets the original handling for SIG and - sets SIG_HARD_IGNORE if that handler is SIG_IGN - - call GETORIGSIG from initialize_traps, get_original_signal, and - set_signal - -jobs.c - - in wait_for, if the original SIGINT handler is SIG_IGN, don't set - the handler to wait_sigint_handler. This keeps scripts started in - the background (and ignoring SIGINT) from dying due to SIGINT while - they're waiting for a child to exit. Bug reported by Ingemar - Nilsson - -lib/readline/vi_mode.c - - don't save text to buffer unless undo pointer points to a record of - type UNDO_INSERT; zero it out instead. This fixes bug reported by - Craig Turner with redoing `ctd[ESC]' (empty - insert after change to) - -shell.c - - change set_shell_name so invocations like "-/bin/bash" are marked as - login shells - -doc/bash.1 - - add note about destroying functions with `unset -f' to the section - on shell functions - -lib/readline/terminal.c - - if readline hasn't been initialized (_rl_term_autowrap == -1, the - value it's now initialized with), call _rl_init_terminal_io from - _rl_set_screen_size before deciding whether or not to decrement - _rl_screenwidth. Fixes bug from Mike Frysinger - - 1/14 - ---- -lib/readline/input.c - - allow rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout to set the timeout to 0, for - applications that want to use select() like a poll without any - waiting - -lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi - - documented valid values for timeout in rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout - -jobs.c - - in stop_pipeline, don't have the parent shell call give_terminal_to - if subshell_environment contains SUBSHELL_ASYNC (no background - process should ever give the terminal to anything other than - shell_pgrp) - - in make_child, don't give the terminal away if subshell_environment - contains SUBSHELL_ASYNC - - 1/15 - ---- -subst.c - - in parameter_brace_expand, if extracting ${#varname}, only allow - `}' to end the expansion, since none of the other expansions are - valid. Fixes Debian bug reported by Jan Nordhorlz - - 1/17 - ---- -parse.y - - in parse_matched_pair, protect all character tests with the MBTEST - macro - - in parse_dparen, take out extra make_word after call to alloc_word_desc - (mem leak) - - 1/18 - ---- -parse.y - - in parse_matched_pair, add P_ALLOWESC to flags passed to recursive - parse_matched_pair call when encountering a single or double quote - inside a ``-style command substitution - -execute_cmd.c - - add call to QUIT at beginning of execute_command_internal; better - responsiveness to SIGINT - - 1/21 - ---- -lib/readline/bind.c - - change rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map to honor the setting of - convert-meta when listing key bindings, since if convert-meta is off, - using '\M-' as the prefix for bindings in, for instance, - emacs-escape-keymap, is wrong. This affects `bind -p' output - - change rl_untranslate_keyseq to add '\e' instead of '\C-[' for - ESC - -execute_cmd.c - - add call to QUIT at end of execute_command - - 1/23 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - changed two places in update_line where a check of whether the cursor - is before the last invisible character in the prompt string to - differentiate between the multibyte character case (where - _rl_last_c_pos is a physical cursor position) and the single-byte - case (where it is a buffer index). This prevents many unnecessary - \r-redraw the line sequences. Reported by Dan Jacobson. - - 1/24 - ---- -quit.h - - wrap QUIT macro in do...while(0) like other compound statement - macros - - CHECK_TERMSIG define (placeholder for now); future use will be to - handle any received signals that should cause the shell to - terminate (e.g., SIGHUP) - -{input,jobs,nojobs}.c - - add calls to CHECK_TERMSIG where appropriate (reading input and - waiting for children) - - include quit.h if necessary - - 1/25 - ---- -parse.y - - undo change that makes `)' in a compound assignment delimit a token. - It messes up arithmetic expressions in assignments to `let', among - other things - -sig.h,{jobs,nojobs,sig,trap}.c,builtins/trap.def - - rename termination_unwind_protect to termsig_sighandler - -sig.c - - split termsig_sighandler into two functions: termsig_sighandler, which - runs as a signal handler and sets a flag noting that a terminating - signal was received, and termsig_handler, which runs when it is `safe' - to handle the signal and exit - - new terminate_immediately variable, similar to interrupt_immediately - - termsig_sighandler calls termsig_handler immediately if - terminate_immediately is non-zero - -quit.h - - change CHECK_TERMSIG macro to check terminating_signal and call - termsig_handler if it's non-zero - - add same check of terminating_signal and call to termsig_handler to - QUIT macro - -{jobs,nojobs}.c - - change call to termsig_sighandler to call termsig_handler directly, - as was intended - -parse.y,builtins/read.def - - set terminate_immediately to non-zero value when reading interactive - input, as is done with interrupt_immediately - - 1/26 - ---- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - reworded the POSIX standard references to remove mention of POSIX.2 - or 1003.2 -- it's all the 1003.1 standard now. Recommended by - Arnold Robbins - - 1/27 - ---- -lib/readline/complete.c - - move call to filename dequoting function into - rl_filename_completion_function; call only if directory completion - hook isn't set. This means that directory-completion-hook now needs - to dequote the directory name. We don't want to dequote the directory - name before calling the directory-completion-hook. Bug reported by - Andrew Parker - -bashline.c - - add necessary directory name dequoting to bash_directory_expansion - and bash_directory_completion_hook - -lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi - - add note to description of rl_directory_completion_hook that it - needs to dequote the directory name even if no other expansions are - performed - - 1/28 - ---- -braces.c - - make sure that we skip over braces that don't start a valid matched - brace expansion construct in brace_expand -- there might be a valid - brace expansion after the unmatched `{' later in the string - - brace_gobbler now checks that when looking for a `}' to end a brace - expansion word, there is an unquoted `,' or `..' that's not inside - another pair of braces. Fixes the a{b{c,d}e}f problem reported by - Tim Waugh - -builtins/declare.def - - when not in posix mode, and operating on shell functions, typeset - and declare do not require their variable operands to be valid - shell identifiers. The other `attribute' builtins work this way. - Fixes inconsistency reported by Mike Frysinger - -{configure,config.h}.in - - add test for setregid, define HAVE_SETREGID and HAVE_DECL_SETREGID - as appropriate - - add test for eaccess, define HAVE_EACCESS if found - -lib/sh/eaccess.c - - new file, with sh_stat and sh_eaccess functions, moved from test.c - - renamed old sh_eaccess as sh_stataccess, since it uses the stat(2) - information to determine file accessibility - - new function, sh_euidaccess, to call when uid != euid or gid != egid; - temporarily swaps uid/euid and gid/egid around call to access - - rewrote sh_eaccess to call eaccess, access, sh_euidaccess or - sh_stataccess as appropriate. access(2) will take into account - things like ACLs, read-only file systems, file flags, and so on. - -lib/sh/Makefile.in,Makefile.in - - add necessary entries for eaccess.[co] - -test.c - - change calls to test_stat to call sh_stat - -{test,general}.c - - change calls to test_eaccess to call sh_eaccess - -externs.h - - new extern declaration for sh_eaccess - -test.[ch] - - remove test_stat and test_eaccess - - 1/29 - ---- -braces.c - - make change from 1/28 dependant on CSH_BRACE_COMPAT not being - defined (since old bash behavior is what csh does, defining - CSH_BRACE_COMPAT will produce old bash behavior) - - 1/30 - ---- -bashline.c - - last argument of bash_default_completion is now a flags word: - DEFCOMP_CMDPOS (in command position) is only current value - - attempt_shell_completion now computes flags before calling - bash_default_completion - - if no_empty_command_completion is set, bash does not attempt command - word completion even if not at the beginning of the line, as long - as the word to be completed is empty and start == end (catches - beginning of line and all whitespace preceding point) - - 2/4 - --- -lib/readline/display.c - - change _rl_make_prompt_for_search to use rl_prompt and append the - search character to it, so the call to expand_prompt in rl_message - will process the non-printing characters correctly. Bug reported - by Mike Stroyan - - 2/5 - --- -lib/readline/display.c - - fix off-by-one error when comparing against PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX, - which caused a prompt with invisible characters to be redrawn one - extra time in a multibyte locale. Change from <= to < fixes - multibyte locale, but I added 1 to single-byte definition of - PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX (worth checking) to compensate. Bug reported - by Egmont Koblinger - - 2/8 - --- -lib/readline/terminal.c - - call _emx_get_screensize with wr, wc like ioctl code for consistency - - new function, _win_get_screensize, gets screen dimensions using - standard Windows API for mingw32 (code from Denis Pilat) - - call _win_get_screensize from _rl_get_screen_size on mingw32 - -lib/readline/rlconf.h - - define SYS_INPUTRC (/etc/inputrc) as system-wide default inputrc - filename - -support/shobj-conf - - changes to make loadable builtins work on MacOS X 10.[34] - -builtins/pushd.def - - changes to make it work as a loadable builtin compiled with gcc4 - - 2/9 - --- -lib/readline/bind.c - - add SYS_INPUTRC as last-ditch default (if DEFAULT_INPUTRC does not - exist or can't be read) in rl_read_init_file - -lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi - - add description of /etc/inputrc as ultimate default startup file - - 2/10 - ---- -lib/readline/bind.c - - fix problem with rl_function_of_keyseq that returns a non-keymap - bound to a portion of the passed key sequence without processing - the entire thing. We can bind maps with existing non-map - functions using the ANYOTHERKEY binding code. - -variables.c - - shells running in posix mode do not set $HOME, as POSIX apparently - requires - - 2/15 - ---- -braces.c - - mkseq() now takes the increment as an argument; changed callers - - 2/16 - ---- -builtins/hash.def - - print `hash table empty' message to stdout instead of stderr - - 2/17 - ---- -lib/readline/readline.c - - when resetting rl_prompt in rl_set_prompt, make sure rl_display_prompt - is set when the function returns - - 2/18 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - further fixes to _rl_make_prompt_for_search from Eric Blake to deal - with multiple calls to expand_prompt - - 2/21 - ---- -builtins/hash.def - - don't print `hash table empty' message in posix mode - - 2/27 - ---- -lib/glob/sm_loop.c - - change extmatch() to turn off FNM_PERIOD in flags passed to recursive - calls to gmatch() when calling it with a substring after the start - of the string it receives. Changed `+', `*', `?, `@', and `!' cases - to do the right thing. Fixes bug reported by Benoit Vila - - -braces.c - - add QUIT; statements to mkseq to make large sequence generation - interruptible - - 2/28 - ---- -lib/glob/glob.c - - initialize nalloca in glob_vector - - 3/1 - --- -lib/glob/glob.c - - in glob_vector, when freeing up the linked list after some error, - make sure to set `tmplink' to 0 if `firstlink' is set to 0, else we - get multiple-free errors - - 3/5 - --- -trap.c - - inheritance of the DEBUG, RETURN, and ERR traps is now dependent - only on the `functrace' and `errtrace' shell options, as the - documentation says, rather than on whether or not the shell is in - debugging mode. Reported by Philip Susi - -parse.y - - in parse_matched_pair, don't recursively parse ${...} or other - ${...} constructs inside `` - - in parse_matched_pair, remove special code that recursively parses - quoted strings inside `` constructs. For Bourne shell compatibility - - 3/6 - --- -builtins/pushd.def - - let get_directory_stack take take an `int flags' argument and convert - $HOME to ~ if flags&1 is non-zero - -builtins/common.h - - change extern declaration for get_directory_stack - -variables.c - - call get_directory_stack with an arg of 0 to inhibit converting - $HOME to ~ in the result. Fixes cd ${DIRSTACK[1]} problem - reported by Len Lattanzi (cd fails because - the tildes won't be expanded after variable expansion) - -jobs.c - - changed hangup_all_jobs slightly so stopped jobs marked J_NOHUP - won't get a SIGCONT - -general.c - - changed check_binary_file() to check for a NUL byte instead of a - non-printable character. Might at some point want to check - entire (possibly multibyte) characters instead of just bytes. Hint - from ksh via David Korn - - 3/7 - --- -builtins/reserved.def - - changed runs of spaces to tabs in variables help text to make - indentation better when displayed - -builtins/mkbuiltins.c - - changes to avoid the annoying extra space that keeps gettext from - being passed an empty string - - 3/9 - --- -lib/glob/glob.c - - make sure globbing is interrupted if the shell receives a terminating - signal - - 3/14 - ---- -lib/readline/search.c - - call rl_message with format argument of "%" in _rl_nsearch_init - to avoid `%' characters in the prompt string from being interpreted - as format specifiers to vsnprintf/vsprintf - - 3/19 - ---- -parse.y, eval.c, input.h - - change execute_prompt_command to execute_variable_command; takes the - variable name as a new second argument - - 3/25 - ---- -bashline.c - - command_word_completion_function keeps track of when it's searching - $PATH and doesn't return directory names as matches in that case. - Problem reported by Pascal Terjan - - command_word_completion_function returns what it's passed as a - possible match if it's the name of a directory in the current - directory (only non-absolute pathnames are so tested). - - 3/27 - ---- -subst.c - - expand_arith_string takes a new argument: quoted. Either 0 (outside - subst.c) or Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES (substitution functions); changed callers - -subst.h - - changed extern declaration for expand_arith_string - -arrayfunc.c - - changed call to expand_arith_string in array_expand_index - - 3/31 - ---- -lib/readline/histfile.c - - change read_history_range to allow windows-like \r\n line endings - -execute_cmd.c - - add new variable, line_number_for_err_trap, currently set but not - used - - 4/2 - --- -lib/sh/strtrans.c - - add code to echo -e and echo with xpg_echo enabled to require - a leading 0 to specify octal constants - - 4/3 - --- -subst.c - - slight change to wcsdup() replacement: use memcpy instead of wcscpy - -parse.y - - before turning on W_COMPASSIGN, make sure the final character in the - token is a `(' (avoids problems with things like a=(4*3)/2) - - 4/4 - --- -lib/sh/snprintf.c - - in number() and lnumber(), turn off PF_ZEROPAD if explicit precision - supplied in format - - change number() and lnumber() to correctly implement zero-padding - specified by a non-zero `.precision' part of the format - -subst.c - - new flag for extract_delimited_string: EX_COMMAND. For $(...), so - we can do things like skip over delimiters in comments. Added to - appropriate callers - - changes to extract_delimited_string to skip over shell comments when - extracting a command for $(...) (EX_COMMAND is contained in the - flags argument) - - 4/5 - --- -subst.c - - first argument to skip_single_quoted is now a const char * - - new function, chk_arithsub, checks for valid arithmetic expressions - by balancing parentheses. Fix based on a patch from Len Lattanzi - - 4/6 - --- -{configure,config.h}.in - - add separate test for isnan in libc, instead of piggybacking on - isinf-in-libc test - -lib/sh/snprintf.c - - separate the isnan replacement function so it's guarded by its own - HAVE_ISNAN_IN_LIBC define - -lib/sh/wcsdup.c - - new file, contains replacement wcsdup library function from subst.c - with change back to using wcscpy - -Makefile.in,lib/sh/Makefile.in - - make sure wcsdup.c is compiled and linked in - -subst.c - - wcsdup now found in libsh; removed static definition - - 4/10 - ---- -lib/readline/callback.c - - loop over body of rl_callback_read_char as long as there is additional - input rather than just calling readline_internal_char, which does - not handle multi-character key sequences or escape-prefixed chars - -lib/readline/macro.c - - make sure we turn off RL_STATE_MACROINPUT when the macro stack is - empty if we are reading additional input with RL_STATE_MOREINPUT - -support/shobj-conf - - Mac OS X no longer likes the `-bundle' option to gcc when creating a - dynamic shared library - - 4/11 - ---- -lib/tilde/tilde.c - - don't try to dereference user_entry if HAVE_GETPWENT isn't defined - -lib/readline/input.c - - make sure chars_avail is not used without being assigned a value in - rl_gather_tyi - - use _kbhit() to check for available input on Windows consoles, in - rl_gather_tyi and _rl_input_available - - 4/21 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - calculate (in expand_prompt) and keep track of length of local_prompt - in local_prompt_len; use where appropriate - - when using o_pos to check whether or not we need to adjust - _rl_last_c_pos after calling update_line, assume that it's correct - (a buffer index in non-multibyte locales and a cursor position in - multibyte locales) and adjust with wrap_offset as appropriate - - in update_line, set cpos_adjusted to 1 after calling - _rl_move_cursor_relative to move to the end of the displayed prompt - string - - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, check that the multibyte display - position is after the last invisible character in the prompt string - before offsetting it by the number of invisible characters in the - prompt (woff) - - 4/26 - ---- -lib/readline/doc/{rluser.texi,readline.3} - - make sure to note that key bindings don't allow any whitespace - between the key name or sequence to be bound and the colon - - 4/28 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - in update_line, make sure we compare _rl_last_c_pos as strictly less - than PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX, since it's 0-based, to avoid multiple - prompt redraws - - 5/4 - --- -parse.y - - in decode_prompt_string, only prefix the expansion of \[ or \] - with CTLESC if the corresponding readline escape character is - CTLESC (coincidentally the same as \[) or CTLNUL. Bug report sent - by Mike Frysinger prompted the discovery - -aclocal.m4 - - slight change to test for /dev/fd to compensate for a linux - failing; suggested by Mike Frysinger - - 5/9 - --- -arrayfunc.c - - broke assign_array_var_from_string into two functions: - expand_compound_array_assignment and assign_compound_array_list; - assign_array_var_from_string just calls those functions now - -arrayfunc.h - - new extern declarations for expand_compound_array_assignment and - assign_compound_array_list - -subst.c - - in do_compound_assignment, call expand_compound_array_assignment - before creating the local variable so a previous inherited - value can be used when expanding the rhs of the compound assignment - statement - - 5/11 - ---- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - clarifed `trap' description to make it clear that trapped signals - that are not set to SIG_IGN are reset when a subshell is created - - 5/18 - ---- -locale.c - - change reset_locale_vars to call setlocale (LC_ALL, "") if LANG - is unset or NULL - - if LANG is unset or NULL, reset the export environment before - calling setlocale in reset_locale_vars, and trust that it will - change the environment setlocale() inspects - - 5/21 - ---- -lib/readline/history.c - - new function, HIST_ENTRY *alloc_history_entry (char *string, char *ts); - creates a new history entry with text STRING and timestamp TS (both - of which may be NULL) - - new function, HIST_ENTRY *copy_history_entry (HIST_ENTRY *hist), - which copies the line and timestamp entries to new memory but just - copies the data member, since that's an opaque pointer - - new function, void replace_history_data (int which, histdata_t *old, histdata_t *new) - which replaces the `data' member of specified history entries with - NEW, as long as it is OLD. WHICH says which history entries to - modify - - add calls to replace_history_data in rl_free_undo_list and - rl_do_undo - -lib/readline/undo.c - - new function, alloc_undo_entry (enum undo_code what, int start, int end, char *text) - takes care of allocating and populating a struct for an individual - undo list entry - - new function: _rl_copy_undo_entry(UNDO_LIST *entry) - - new function: _rl_copy_undo_list(UNDO_LIST *head) - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - new extern declarations for _rl_copy_undo_{entry,list} - -execute_cmd.c - - change execute_cond_node so that quoting the rhs of the =~ - operator forces string matching, like the == and != operators - - 5/23 - ---- -redir.c - - add_undo_redirect now takes as an additional argument the type of - redirection we're trying to undo - - don't add a "preservation" redirection for fds > SHELL_FD_BASE if - the redirection is closing the fd - - 5/24 - ---- -subst.c - - make sure that parameter_brace_substring leaves this_command_name - set to either NULL or its previous value after setting it so that - arithmetic evaluation errors while expanding substring values - contain meaningful information - - 6/9 - --- -execute_cmd.c - - make sure that SUBSHELL_ASYNC and SUBSHELL_PIPE are set as flag bits - in subshell_environment, rather than setting only a single value - - change execute_subshell_builtin_or_function to give the `return' - builtin a place to longjmp to when executed in a subshell or pipeline - (mostly as the last command in a pipeline). Bug reported by - Oleg Verych - - in execute_simple_command, make sure to call execute_disk_command - with the_printed_command_except_trap to keep DEBUG trap command - strings from overwriting the command strings associated with jobs - and printed in job control messages. Bug reported by Daniel Kahn - Gillmor - -[bash-3.2-alpha frozen] - - 6/22 - ---- -syntax.h - - add new CBLANK (for [:blank:] class) flag value for syntax table and - shellblank(c) character test macro - -mksyntax.c - - add support for setting CBLANK flag in the syntax table depending on - whether or not isblank(x) returns true for character x - -locale.c - - change locale_setblanks to set or unset CBLANK flag for each - character when locale changes - -parse.y - - change call to whitespace(c) in lexical analyzer (read_token()) to - call shellblank(c) instead, so locale-specific blank characters are - treated as white space. Fixes bug reported by Serge van deb Boom - - -print_cmd.c - - when printing redirections, add a space between <, >, and <> and the - following word, to avoid conflicts with process substitution. Bug - reported by Ittay Dror - - 6/26 - ---- -configure.in - - set CROSS_COMPILE to the empty string by default, so we don't inherit - a random value from the environment. Bug reported by - Lee Revell - - 6/29 - ---- -lib/glob/xmbsrtowcs.c - - make sure destp is non-null before assigning a 0 to *destp in - xdupmbstowcs. Fix from Louiwa Salem - -execute_cmd.c - - fix execute_in_subshell to make sure asynchronous isn't set to 0 - before subshell_environment is set appropriately and - setup_async_signals is run. Based on report by Louiwa Salem - - -lib/readline/bind.c - - in rl_generic_bind(), make sure that the keys array is freed before - an error return. Fix from Louiwa Salem - - 7/1 - --- -builtins/read.def - - make sure all editing code is protected with #ifdef READLINE, esp. - unwind-protect that restores the default completion function - -lib/readline/display.c - - make sure to set local_prompt_len in rl_message() [in bash-3.2-alpha] - - 7/5 - --- -builtins/printf.def - - add more of echo's write error handling to printf. Suggested by - martin.wilck@fujitsu-siemens.com - - 7/7 - --- -lib/readline/display.c - - save and restore local_prompt_len in rl_{save,restore}_prompt - [in bash-3.2-alpha] - - 7/8 - --- -[bash-3.2-alpha released] - - 7/9 - --- -lib/readline/display.c - - make sure that _rl_move_cursor_relative sets cpos_adjusted when it - offsets `dpos' by wrap_offset in a multi-byte locale. Bug reported - by Andreas Schwab and Egmont Koblinger - -subst.c - - make sure that the call to mbstowcs in string_extract_verbatim is - passed a string with enough space for the closing NUL. Reported - by Andreas Schwab - - 7/18 - ---- -lib/readline/{display,terminal}.c - - remove #ifdefs for HACK_TERMCAP_MOTION so we can use - _rl_term_forward_char in the redisplay code unconditionally - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - new extern declaration for _rl_term_forward_char - -lib/readline/display.c - - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, use `dpos' instead of `new' when - deciding whether or not a CR is faster than moving the cursor from - its current position - - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, we can use _rl_term_forward_char to - move the cursor forward in a multibyte locale, if it's available. - Since that function doesn't have a handle on where the cursor is in - the display buffer, it has to output a cr and print all the data. - Fixes rest of problem reported by Egmont Koblinger - - change variable denoting the position of the cursor in the line buffer - from c_pos (variable local to rl_redisplay) to cpos_buffer_position - (variable local to file) for future use by other functions - - 7/25 - ---- -lib/malloc/{stats,table}.h - - include for prototypes for memset, strlen - -lib/termcap/{termcap,tparam}.c - - include and provide macro replacement for bcopy if - necessary - - 7/27 - ---- -lib/readline/histexpand.c - - add support for `<<<' here-string redirection operator to - history_tokenize_word. Bug reported by agriffis@gentoo.org - -externs.h - - don't add prototype for strerror() if HAVE_STRERROR defined - - 7/29 - ---- -subst.c - - in list_string, use `string' instead of `s' -- s is not initialized - - 8/9 - --- -subst.c - - fix parameter_brace_expand to set W_HASQUOTEDNULL in the WORD_DESC it - returns if the result of parameter_brace_substring is a quoted null - ("\177"). Fixes bug reported by Igor Peshansky - - 8/16 - ---- -lib/readline/readline.h - - new #define, READERR, intended to be used to denote read/input errors - -lib/readline/input.c - - in rl_getc, if read() returns an error other than EINTR (after the - EWOULDBLOCK/EAGAIN cases are handled), return READERR rather than - converting return value to EOF if readline is reading a top-level - command (RL_STATE_READCMD) - -lib/readline/readline.c - - if rl_read_key returns READERR to readline_internal_char[loop], - abort as if it had read EOF on an empty line, without any conversion - to newline, which would cause a partial line to be executed. This - fixes the bug reported by Mathieu Bonnet - -aclocal.m4 - - when testing for validity of /dev/fd/3, use /dev/null instead of - standard input, since the standard input fails with linux and `su'. - Bug reported by Greg Shafer - - 8/17 - ---- -Makefile.in - - switch the TAGS and tags targets so TAGS is the output of `etags' and - tags is the output of `ctags'. Suggested by Masatake YAMATO - - 8/25 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - change code to match documentation: set BASH_COMMAND (which takes its - value from the_printed_command_except_trap) only when not running a - trap. Rocky says the debugger is ok with this, and this is what his - original diffs did - - 8/29 - ---- -variables.c - - change set_if_not to create shell_variables if it is NULL, since - -o invocation options can cause variables to be set before the - environment is scanned - -[bash-3.2-beta frozen] - - 9/5 - --- -[bash-3.2-beta released] - - 9/8 - --- -variables.c - - change dispose_used_env_vars to call maybe_make_export_env - immediately if we're disposing a temporary environment, since - `environ' points to the export environment and getenv() will use - that on systems that don't allow getenv() to be replaced. This - could cause the temporary environment to affect the shell. Bug - reported by Vasco Pedro - -builtins/echo.def,doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - clarify that `echo -e' and echo when the `xpg_echo' shell option is - enabled require the \0 to precede any octal constant to be expanded. - Reported by Vasco Pedro - - 9/12 - ---- -builtins/printf.def - - make sure `%q' format specifier outputs '' for empty string arguments - Bug reported by Egmont Koblinger - -make_cmd.c - - change make_here_document to echo lines in here-doc if set -v has - been executed. Reported by Eduardo Ochs - -aclocal.m4 - - change BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE: - o replace check for wctomb with check for wcrtomb - o add checks for wcscoll, iswctype, iswupper, iswlower, - towupper, towlower - o add call to AC_FUNC_MBRTOWC to check for mbrtowc and mbstate_t - define HAVE_MBSTATE_T manually - o add checks for wchar_t, wctype_t, wint_t - -config.h.in - - add defines for wcscoll, iswctype, iswupper, iswlower, towupper, - towlower functions - - replace define for wctomb with one for wcrtomb - - add defines for wchar_t, wint_t, wctype_t types - -config-bot.h, lib/readline/rlmbutil.h - - add check for HAVE_LOCALE_H before defining HANDLE_MULTIBYTE - - add checks for: ISWCTYPE, ISWLOWER, ISWUPPER, TOWLOWER, TOWUPPER - - add checks for: WCTYPE_T, WCHAR_T, WCTYPE_T - - 9/13 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - when displaying prompts longer than the screenwidth in rl_redisplay, - and looking for the index of the last character whose buffer index - is <= the screen width to set up the inv_lbreaks array, make sure to - catch the case where the index == the screen width (an off-by-one - error occurs otherwise with prompts one character longer than the - screen width). Bug reported by Alexey Toptygin - -configure.in - - change DEBUGGER_START_FILE to start with ${ac_default_prefix}/share, - like bashdb installs itself. Reported by Nick Brown - - - 9/14 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - make multibyte code that computes the buffer indices of line breaks - for a multi-line prompt dependent on MB_CUR_MAX, so we don't take - the function call hit unless we're in a locale that can have - multibyte characters - - 9/19 - ---- -subst.c - - make dequote_list extern so other parts of the shell can use it - -subst.h - - extern declaration for dequote_list - -builtins/read.def - - call dequote_list before assigning words read to array variable if - we saw an escape character. Old code left spurious CTLESCs in the - string after processing backslashes. Bug reported by Daniel Dawson - - - 9/21 - ---- -[bash-3.2 frozen] - - 10/9 - ---- -support/shobj-coonf - - change -fpic to -fPIC for FreeBSD systems (needed for SPARC at least) - - 10/11 - ----- -[bash-3.2 released] - - 10/12 - ----- -parse.y - - change parse_matched_pair to make sure `` command substitution does - not check for shell comments while parsing. Bug reported against - bash-3.2 by Greg Schaefer - - 10/14 - ----- -parse.y - - add new parser_state flag: PST_REGEXP; means we are parsing a - regular expression following the =~ conditional operator - - cond_node sets PST_REGEXP after reading the `=~' operator - - change read_token to call read_token_word immediately if the - PST_REGEXP bit is set in parser_state - - change read_token_word to skip over `(' and `|' if PST_REGEXP is - set, since those characters are legitimate regexp chars (but still - parse matched pairs of parens) - - 10/16 - ----- -builtins/ulimit.def - - add -e and -r to $SHORT_DOC usage string - -po/ru.po - - fix encoding; Russian text in the file is actually encoded in KOI8-R - - 10/23 - ----- -shell.c - - make sure that the call to move_to_high_fd in open_shell_script - passes 1 for the `check_new' parameter so open high file descriptors - don't get closed and reused. Bug reported by Mike Stroyan - - -doc/bashref.texi - - fixes for typos and misspellings sent in by Brian Gough - - 10/24 - ----- -support/shobj-conf - - make netbsd shared library creation like openbsd's until I hear - differently (called using `gcc -shared') - - 10/26 - ----- -subst.c - - fix bug in parameter_brace_patsub so if the first character of the - expanded pattern is a `/', it is not taken as a global replacement - specifier. Bug reported on forums.nekochan.net - - 10/27 - ----- -builtins/printf.def - - if we need an extern declaration for asprintf, make sure we include - stdarg.h or varargs.h, whichever is appropriate - - if we do not have asprintf, add an extern declaration using - stdarg format. This fixes the bugs with %G on IRIX reported by - Matthew Woehlke and Stuart Shelton - - - -lib/sh/snprintf.c - - add note to not call log_10 with 0 argument -- we don't want to do - what real log10 does (-infinity/raise divide-by-zero exception) - - make sure numtoa (used by dtoa) takes the precision into account - when computing the fractional part with an argument of `0.0' - - make sure `g' and `G' formats don't print radix char if there are - no characters to be printed after it (change to floating()) - - change callers of log_10 (exponent, 'g' and 'G' cases in - vsnprintf_internal) to not call it with 0 for argument. This fixes - the hang reported on IRIX by Matthew Woehlke - and Stuart Shelton - - 10/28 - ----- -builtins/{caller,pushd}.def - - changed longdoc strings in loadable builtin section to be single - strings, as put in the build directory builtins.c file, to aid - translators - - 11/1 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - reset subshell_environment to 0 after make_child() call in - execute_null_command. Fix provided by Roy Marples - - - 11/7 - ---- -lib/tilde/tilde.c -lib/readline/{util,undo,callback,input,isearch,kill}.c - - make sure that memory allocated with xmalloc is freed with xfree - - 11/9 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - make sure that _rl_redisplay_after_sigwinch clears the last displayed - line instead of the current line (instead of assuming that the - cursor is on the last line). Fixes bug reported by Egmont - Koblinger - - 11/10 - ----- -lib/readline/display.c - - make sure that _rl_col_width is never called with MB_CUR_MAX == 1, - since it doesn't count invisible characters and they are not - compensated for. Added a warning in _rl_col_width if called when - MB_CUR_MAX == 1. Bug reported and solution suggested by Eric - Blake - - 11/11 - ----- -lib/readline/display.c - - make sure _rl_wrapped_line is initialized to inv_lbsize int chars. - inv_lbsize and vis_lbsize are the same at that point, but it makes - the intent clearer. Fix from jan.kratochvil@redhat.com. - - in rl_redisplay, make sure we call memset on _rl_wrapped_line with - its full initialized size: inv_lbsize*sizeof(int). Fix from - jan.kratochvil@redhat.com. - - wrap the invisible and visible line variables and _rl_wrapped_line - into line_state structures, which can be swapped more efficiently. - Have to watch the wrapped_line field, since there's now one for - each struct. Changes from jan.kratochvil@redhat.com. - -lib/readline/complete.c - - in stat_char, check for `//server' on cygwin and return `/', since - it will always behave as a directory. Fix from Eric Blake - -lib/readline/histfile.c - - Cygwin's mmap() works in recent versions, so don't #undef HAVE_MMAP. - Recommendation from Eric Blake - -lib/readline/rlwinsize.h - - make sure tcflow() is defined on SCO Unix. Fix from William Bader - -aclocal.m4 - - add check for localeconv to AM_INTL_SUBDIR macro - -config.h.in - - add HAVE_LOCALECONV - -lib/sh/snprintf.c - - add check for HAVE_LOCALECONV for GETLOCALEDATA macro - -general.[ch] - - first argument to legal_number is now `const char *' - - 11/14 - ----- -lib/readline/{readline,rlprivate}.h - - move rl_display_prompt declaration from rlprivate.h to readline.h - -lib/readline/util.h - - new function: rl_free(void *mem), for use by users of readline dlls - on Windows - -lib/readline/readline.h - - new extern declaration for rl_free - -lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi - - document rl_free and rl_display_prompt for use by application writers - - 11/15 - ----- -aclocal.m4 - - change tests for /dev/fd and /dev/stdin to use constructs of the form - (exec test ... ) instead of test ... to avoid bash's /dev/fd and - /dev/stdin emulation - - 11/16 - ----- -jobs.c - - in delete_job, reset_current was being called before the job slot - was cleared -- moved after job_slots[job] was set to NULL. Fixes - bug reported by Dan Jacobson - - 11/19 - ----- -findcmd.c - - when the checkhash option is set, fix the check for the hashed - pathname being an existing executable file. Old code required a - hash table deletion and re-addition. Bug reported by Linda - Walsh - - 11/21 - ----- -subst.c - - in pos_params, handle case of `start' == 0 by making the list of - positional parameters begin with $0 - - in parameter_brace_substring, increment `len' if start == 0, sicne - we will be adding $0 to the beginning of the list when we process it - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document new behavior of `0' offset when using substring expansion - with the positional parameters - -support/shobj-conf - - changes to shared object creation for loadable builtins on Mac OS X - 10.4 to use libtool instead of ld by specifying -dynamiclib - argument and changing options to be appropriate for libtool. This - winds up creating a dynamic shared library instead of an executable - - 11/24 - ----- -{jobs,nojobs}.c - - don't set last_asynchronous_pid to the child's pid in the child - for asynchronous jobs (for compatibility -- all other posix shells - seem to do it this way). This means that (echo $! )& echo $! should - display two different pids. Fix from discussion on the - austin-group-l list - -builtins/mkbuiltins.c - - change builtins.c file generation so short doc strings are marked for - gettext and available for subsequent translation. Suggestion by - Benno Schulenberg - -builtins/{bind,cd,hash,inlib,printf,pushd,test,times,ulimit}.def -lib/malloc/malloc.c -{shell,subst}.c - - fix a few strings that were not marked as translatable. Fix from - Benno Schulenberg - -lib/readline/misc.c - - new function, _rl_revert_all_lines(void). Goes through history, - reverting all entries to their initial state by undoing any undo - lists. - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - extern declaration for _rl_revert_all_lines - -rldefs.h - - add #undef HAVE_STRCOLL if STRCOLL_BROKEN is defined, prep to move - from config.h.in. Problem reported by Valerly Ushakov - - - 11/25 - ----- -lib/readline/readline.c - - call _rl_revert_all_lines from readline_internal_teardown if the - variable _rl_revert_all_at_newline is non-zero - - declare _rl_revert_all_lines initially 0 - - 11/27 - ----- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - make sure to be explicit that `typeset +r' cannot remove the readonly - attribute from a variable - - 11/28 - ----- -lib/sh/zmapfd.c - - new file, implements zmapfd(), which takes a file and returns its - contents in a string - -externs.h - - extern declaration for zmapfd - - 11/29 - ----- -builtins/evalfile.c - - in _evalfile, use zmapfd to read the contents of the file into a - string, rather than using the size reported by stat and reading that - many characters, if the file is not a regular file (for things like - named pipes, stat reports the size as 0) - - 12/3 - ---- -lib/sh/snprintf.c - - make sure number() sets the FL_UNSIGNED flag for %x and %X, so - fmtulong treats them as unsigned numbers. Fixes bug reported by - James Botte - - 12/13 - ----- -lib/readline/util.c - - new function, _rl_ttymsg, for internal warning messages -- does - redisplay after printing message - - new function, _rl_errmsg, for internal warning/error messages -- - does not do redisplay after printing message - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - new extern declaration for _rl_ttymsg, _rl_errmsg - -lib/readline/{bind,callback,complete,display,rltty}.c - - use _rl_ttymsg/_rl_errmsg instead of direct writes to stderr - -lib/sh/tmpfile.c - - in get_tmpdir(), make sure that $TMPDIR names a writable directory; - otherwise skip it. This catches names longer than PATH_MAX, but in - case it doesn't test that the length does not exceed PATH_MAX. Fixes - heap overrun bug reported by Eric Blake - - 12/16 - ----- -builtin/{set,declare,shopt,trap,wait,bind,complete,enable,fc,history,read,setattr}.def -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - improvements and clarifications to the help text associated with - several builtins, in some cases bringing them into line with the - man page text. From Benno Schulenberg - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - add `E' and `T' to the synopsis of the set builtin. - From Benno Schulenberg - -builtins/{break,exit,fg_bg,hash,jobs,type,ulimit}.def -builtins/{common,evalfile}.c -{error,expr,jobs,mksyntax,nojobs,shell,subst,version,siglist}.c - - add gettextizing marks to untranslated strings - From Benno Schulenberg - - 12/19 - ----- -builtins/common.c - - change display_signal_list (used by `trap -l' and `kill -l') to use - five columns instead of 4 to display signal names - -builtins/help.def - - use the true terminal width instead of assuming 80 when displaying - help topics, leaving two characters of whitespace between horizontal - descriptions instead of 1 - - change to print in columns with entries sorted down rather than across - (that is, like `ls' rather than `ls -x'). Change inspired by Benno - Schulenberg - -jobs.h - - give values to the JOB_STATE enumerations so they can be used as - bitmasks, too - - 12/22 - ----- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - change description of `set' to make it clearer that you can use - `+' to turn off options - - clarify in the description of word splitting that sequences of - IFS whitespace at the beginning or end of the string are ignored - - 12/26 - ----- -doc/bashref.texi - - move `shopt' builtin to its own section; change internal references - from `Bash Builtins' to the new shopt builtin - - new section for builtins that modify shell behavior in `Shell - Builtin Commands'; move set and shopt to new section. Changes - inspired by Benno Schulenberg - -{redir,subst}.c - - add MT_USETMPDIR flag to calls to sh_mktmpfd and sh_mktmpname. Bug - reported by Eric Blake - -{configure,Makefile}.in - - changes so that the pathname for DEBUGGER_START_FILE is substituted - into pathnames.h at make time (allowing more flexibility in setting - `prefix' or `datadir') instead of at configure time. Suggested by - Nick Brown - -shell.c - - declaration for have_devfd; initialized from HAVE_DEV_FD - - declaration for check_jobs_at_exit; initialized to 0 - - declaration for autocd; initialized to 0 - -variables.c - - new dynamic variable, BASHPID, always set from return value from - getpid() (changes even when $$ doesn't change). Idea from Bruce - Korb - -builtins/exit.def - - if check_jobs_at_exit is non-zero, list jobs if there are any stopped - or running background jobs; don't exit shell if any running jobs - -execute_cmd.c - - in execute_simple_command, if the first word of a simple command is - a directory name (after looking for builtins, so `.' isn't caught) - that isn't found in $PATH, and `autocd' is non-zero, prefix a "cd" - to the command words - -builtins/shopt.def - - new `checkjobs' option, changes value of check_jobs_at_exit - - new `autocd' option, changes value of autocd - -pcomplete.c - - add COMP_TYPE, set to rl_completion_type, to list of variables set - by bind_compfunc_variables and unset by unbind_compfunc_variables - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document BASHPID - - document new shopt `checkjobs' option - - document new shopt `autocd' option - - document COMP_TYPE completion variable - - 12/29 - ----- -aclocal.m4 - - in BASH_SYS_SIGLIST, check HAVE_DECL_SYS_SIGLIST instead of the - obsolete and no-longer-supported SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED - - 12/30 - ----- -lib/readline/vi_mode.c - - add ` (backquote) to the list of vi motion characters - - in rl_vi_delete_to, rl_vi_change_to, and rl_vi_yank_to, don't delete - character under the cursor if the motion command moves the cursor - backward, so add F and T to the commands that don't cause the - mark to be adjusted - - add ` to the characters that don't cause the mark to be adjusted - when used as a motion command, since it's defined to behave that way - - when a motion character that may adjust the mark moves point - backward, don't adjust the mark so the character under the cursor - isn't deleted - -lib/readline/complete.c - - add variable rl_sort_completion_matches; allows application to - inhibit match list sorting - - add variable rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to - discover the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete - -lib/readline/readline.h - - extern declarations for rl_completion_invoking_key and - rl_sort_completion_matches - -lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi - - documented rl_completion_invoking_key and rl_sort_completion_matches - -pcomplete.c - - export variable COMP_KEY to completion functions; initialized from - rl_completion_invoking_key; unset along with rest of completion - variables - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi},lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi - - document COMP_KEY - -[many files] - - changes to make variables and function parameters `const' for better - text sharing. Changes originally from Andreas Mohr - - - 1/4/2007 - -------- -lib/intl/Makefile.in - - use cmp before copying libgnuintl.h to libintl.h -- maybe save a few - rebuilds - -lib/builtins/Makefile - - fixes to build LIBINTL_H if necessary, dependency on this for - mkbuiltins.o prevented `make -j 6' from working correctly - - 1/8 - --- -subst.c - - new function, fifos_pending(), returns the count of FIFOs in - fifo_list (process substitution) - -subst.h - - extern declaration for fifos_pending() - -execute_cmd.c - - in execute_simple_command, if CMD_NO_FORK is set before we call - execute_disk_command, make sure there are no FIFOs in the expanded - words (from process substitution) and turn off CMD_NO_FORK if there - are, so they can get unlinked when the command finishes - - 1/10 - ---- -subst.c - - read_comsub now takes a flags parameter and returns appropriate W_* - flags in it - - command_substitute now returns a WORD_DESC *, with the string it used - to return as the `word' and `flags' filled in appropriately - -subst.h - - changed extern declaration for command_substitute - -{pcomplete,subst}.c - - changed callers of command_substitute appropriately - -subst.c - - string_extract_verbatim now takes an additional int flags argument; - changed callers - - 1/11 - ---- -support/texi2html - - fix problem that caused index links to not be generated if the first - index node had a name different than the node name - -doc/bashref.texi - - encapsulated all indexes into a single `Indexes' appendix; works - around bug fixed in texi2html - - 1/12 - ---- -subst.c - - add call to sv_histtimefmt in initialize_variables so HISTTIMEFORMAT - from the environment is honored. Fix from Ark Submedes (heh) - - -lib/readline/histfile.c - - make sure that the first character following the history comment - character at the beginning of a line is a digit before interpreting - it as a timestamp for the previous line - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi},lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi - - added detail to make it clear exactly how history timestamps are - saved to and read from the history file - -subst.c - - change quote_escapes to add CTLESC before spaces if IFS is null, - just in case we have to split on literal spaces later on (e.g., in - case of unquoted $@). Corresponding changes to dequote_escapes. - Fixes a couple of problems reported by Brett Stahlman - - - 1/14 - ---- -subst.c - - make same change to read_comsub to add CTLESC before ' ' if $IFS is - null, since we will split on literal spaces later - - 1/15 - ---- -array.c - - new function, array_quote_escapes (ARRAY *a), calls quote_escapes - on each element of the array in the same way array_quote calls - quote_string - - call array_quote_escapes if match is not quoted in array_patsub - - array_slice is now used, so remove the #ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED define - - change structure of array_subrange to call array_slice to create a - new array with the desired subset of elements, then call array_quote - or array_quote_escapes as necessary, like array_patsub. Convert to - a string by calling array_to_string on the sliced-out array - -array.h - - new extern declaration for array_quote_escapes - -subst.c - - since array_patsub now calls quote_escapes as necessary, callers - don't need to call it after array_patsub returns. Fixes first bug - reported by Brett Stahlman - - since array_subrange now calls quote_escapes as necessary, callers - don't need to call it after array_patsub returns. Same fix as - for array_patsub - - 1/31 - ---- -configure.in - - add -DSOLARIS to LOCAL_CFLAGS for solaris x - -config-bot.h - - don't #undef HAVE_GETCWD if GETCWD_BROKEN and SOLARIS are both - defined. Solaris's loopback mount implementation breaks some of the - file system assumptions the replacement getcwd uses. - -builtins/common.c - - if GETCWD_BROKEN is defined, call getcwd with PATH_MAX for the size - argument, so it will allocate a buffer for the current working dir - with that size, instead of one that's `big enough' - -config.h.in - - add #undef PRI_MACROS_BROKEN for AIX 4.3.3 - -pathexp.h - - new flag value for quote_string_for_globbing: QGLOB_REGEXP (quoting - an ERE for matching as a string) - -pathexp.c - - change quote_string_for_globbing to understand QGLOB_REGEXP - -execute_cmd.c - - change execute_cond_node to pass 2 (regexp match), 1 (shell pattern - match), or 0 (no matching) to cond_expand_word - -subst.c - - change cond_expand_word to translate SPECIAL==2 into passing - QGLOB_REGEXP to quote_string_for_globbing - -locale.c - - by default, if all else fails, set shell's idea of locale to "" - instead of its idea of `default_locale' -- the library functions - behave better with that value - - 2/2 - --- -builtins/printf.def - - if PRI_MACROS_BROKEN is defined, #undef PRIdMAX (AIX 4.3.3 broken) - - 2/3 - --- -Makefile.in,{builtins,doc}/Makefile.in,lib/*/Makefile.in - - add assignment for datarootdir as per GNU coding standards - -Makefile.in,builtins/Makefile.in,lib/intl/Makefile.in,po/Makefile.in.in - - use @localedir@ instead of $(datadir)/locale in assignment - - 2/13 - ---- -jobs.c - - fix compact_jobs_list to not return js.j_lastj, since that is in use - and should not be overwritten. Fix from Len Lattanzi - - - 2/16 - ---- -lib/readline/text.c - - change rl_forward_char to allow moving to the end of the line when - using the arrow keys in vi insertion mode, rather than having the - behavior identical between vi command and insertion modes. Change - suggested by Hugh Sasse - - 2/19 - ---- -CWRU/audit-patch - - patch from Steve Grubb of RedHat to make bash - audit root's behavior by logging commands using his audit - framework. Enabled if the shell's name is `aubash'. - - 3/8 - --- -jobs.c - - use WSTATUS (p->status) instead of bare p->status. Fix from - Jim Brown - - 3/9 - --- -lib/readline/{complete,input,isearch,misc,readline,text,vi_mode}.c - - make sure cases where rl_read_key returns -1 (usually due to EIO - because the controlling tty has gone away) are handled correctly. - Prompted by report from Thomas Loeber - - 3/10 - ---- -sig.c - - new function, top_level_cleanup, callable from contexts where some - cleanup needs to be performed before a non-fatal call to - jump_to_top_level - -sig.h - - new extern declaration for top_level_cleanup - -builtins/common.c - - add calls to top_level_cleanup before calls to jump_to_top_level - in a builtin command context (no_args(), get_numeric_arg()). Fixes - bug reported by Ian Watson - -lib/readline/display.c - - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, use `new' when comparing against - the last invisible character in the prompt, since they both denote - buffer indices when in a multibyte locale, whereas `dpos' is a - display position - - 3/13 - ---- -lib/readline/complete.c - - set rl_completion_append_character to the default (' ') in - set_completion_defaults(). Fixes bug reported by David Emerson - - - 3/23 - ---- -builtins/evalfile.c - - make sure read() returns a value >= 0 before using it as an index - into string[] - - use a variable of type `ssize_t' for return value from read() - - only try to read the entire contents of a regular file in one shot - if the file size is less than SSIZE_MAX. These fix problems - reported by hooanon05@yahoo.co.jp. - -include/typemax.h - - define SSIZE_MAX as 32767 if it's not defined - -lib/readline/display.c - - in rl_redisplay() and update_line(), if redrawing the prompt because - it contains invisible characters, make sure we redraw the character - indicating a modified history line and take it into account when - computing _rl_last_c_pos - - in update_line, if deleting characters and redrawing the new text, - make sure we adjust _rl_last_c_pos by wrap_offset in a multibyte - locale if the text we're drawing starts before or at the last - invisible character in the prompt string. Fixes bug reported on - bug-readline by J Pelkey - -parse.y - - when adding at CTLESC character to the current token, do not - escape it with CTLESC if pass_next_character indicates that the - CTLESC was escaped by a backslash. Fixes bug reported by - Paul Bagshaw . - - 3/25 - ---- -lib/readline/text.c - - in rl_forward_char, short-circuit the loop if in emacs mode and - rl_point == rl_end. Fixes problem with multibyte locales - reported by Len Lattanzi - - 3/29 - ---- -command.h - - new flag for subshell_environment: SUBSHELL_PROCSUB, for process - substitution - -subst.c - - add SUBSHELL_PROCSUB to subshell_environment in process_substitute - - 3/30 - ---- -doc/Makefile.in - - fix installation of bash.info to understand that it is in the build - directory, not the source directory - -mailcheck.c - - new function, init_mail_dates, calls remember_mail_dates only if - there are no mailboxes in `mailfiles' - - new function, init_mail_file, initializes a FILEINFO, using the - last time mail was checked as the mtime and atime (or the time the - shell was started if last_time_mail_checked is uninitialized) - - call init_mail_file instead of update_mail_file in add_mail_file, - called from remember_mail_dates (which is supposed to initialize - the list of mail files) - - new convenience functions, alloc_mail_file and dispose_mail_file to - allocate and free FILEINFO structs - -mailcheck.h - - extern declaration for init_mail_dates - -shell.c - - call init_mail_dates instead of remember_mail_dates - - 4/4 - --- -builtins/read.def - - changes to print $PS2 when a line is continued with a backslash in - an interactive shell. This is as POSIX requires - - 4/5 - --- -subst.c - - make sure quote_escapes is only ever called when the word to be - escaped is not marked as double-quoted -- cleaner, and allows us - to make certain assumptions - - 4/6 - --- -subst.c - - change all EX_* defines to begin with SX_ - - new flag, SX_NOCTLESC, obeyed by string_extract_verbatim, tells it - to not obey CTLESC quoting - - change quote_escapes to not quote CTLESC with CTLESC if one of the - chars in $IFS is CTLESC, since the return value from quote_string - will be passed to word splitting and filename generation - - change read_comsub to do the same thing for unquoted command - substitutions - - change list_string to pass SX_NOCTLESC if CTLESC is one of the - chars in $IFS, so it will split on CTLESC instead of using it as a - quote character - - 4/7 - --- -subst.c - - slight change to string_extract_verbatim to allow CTLESC to quote - CTLNUL even if SX_NOCTLESC is set in the flags passed, to protect - the CTLNULs from future calls to remove_quoted_nulls. Only - matters when $IFS contains CTLESC - - changes to cope with $IFS containing CTLNUL in the same way as the - CTLESC changes - -builtins/read.def - - changes to cope with $IFS containing CTLNUL in the same way as the - CTLESC changes - - 4/16 - ---- -lib/sh/strftime.c - - a couple of fixes to the `%z' code - -eval.c - - add an fflush after printing the auto-logout message - - 4/24 - ---- -subst.c - - add call to top_level_cleanup in exp_jump_to_top_level to get things - like unwind-protects and the loop levels cleaned up - -{arrayfunc,expr,variables}.c - - add calls to top_level_cleanup before jump_to_top_level() - - 4/27 - ---- -builtins/complete.def - - make sure the `command' argument to the -C option is printed with - single quotes, since multi-word commands will require them. Bug - reported by martin@snowplow.org - -execute_cmd.c - - change execute_builtin_or_function and execute_subshell_builtin_or_function - to call fflush(stdout) after the builtin or function returns, to - make sure that all output is flushed before the call returns. It - matters on cygwin. Fix suggested by Eric Blake - -redir.c - - in do_redirection_internal, if the file descriptor being acted upon - is the same one used by the stdout stream, call fflush(stdout) to - make sure all output is flushed before changing the underlying fd - out from underneath stdio. Fix suggested by Eric Blake - - - 4/30 - ---- - -builtins/common.c - - new function, sh_chkwrite(int), fflushes stdout and checks for error; - printing an error message and returning a new exit status if there's - an error on stdout. Takes exit status as argument; returns new exit - status (EXECUTION_FAILURE if write error) - -builtins/common.h - - new extern declaration for sh_chkwrite - -builtins/{alias,cd,complete,echo,fc,history,pushd,shopt,times,trap,type,ulimit,umask}.def - - change to use sh_chkwrite to report write errors - -builtins/fc.def - - if an error occurs while writing commands from the history to a file - to be executed, report a write error and return failure without - attempting to execute any commands - - 5/1 - --- -builtins/{bind,declare,set,setattr}.def - - change to use sh_chkwrite to report write errors - - 5/2 - --- -lib/readline/input.c - - fix off-by-one errors in _rl_get_char (pop_index) and rl_stuff_char - (push_index) that caused the 511th character in the buffer to be - discarded. Fixes bug reported by Tom Bjorkholm - - 5/8 - --- -subst.c - - fix parameter_brace_remove_pattern to pass getpattern() newly-allocated - memory. If word expansions (particularly brace expansions) are - required, the expansion code will free the string passed to - expand_word_internal, and we don't want to free unallocated memory - (patstr++) or have duplicate frees (patstr). Fixes bug reported on - Red Hat bugzilla - - 5/9 - --- -lib/readline/signals.c - - fix bug in rl_set_signals that caught SIGINT twice and didn't catch - SIGTERM. Bug reported by Ed Kwan - - 5/18 - ---- -jobs.c - - change compact_jobs_list to return 1 if js.j_lastj == 0 and there is - a job in jobs[0]; compact_jobs_list should never return an index - already occupied - - change reset_job_indices to avoid infinite looping when js.j_firstj - == 0 or js.j_firstj == js.j_jobslots upon function entry. Fixes - bug reported by osicka@post.cz - - 5/20 - ---- - -execute_cmd.c - - new variable, executing_builtin, keeps track of number of "levels" - of builtins being executed; incremented by execute_builtin; saved - and restored by execute_simple_command - -subst.c - - new variable, assigning_in_environment, set and unset around calls - to assign_in_env by the expansion code - -variables.c - - use executing_builtin and assigning_in_environment to decide whether - or not to look into temporary_env when calling find_variable_internal. - Fixes problem reported by Kevin Quinn - - 5/22 - ---- -redir.c - - change add_undo_redirect to differentiate between file descriptors - greater than SHELL_FD_BASE (currently 10) used internally to save - others and then being the targets of user redirection and fds that - are just the target of user redirections. The former need to have - an `exec undo' redirect added to undo it in case exec throws away - redirections; the latter does not. We use the close-on-exec flag - for this: if it's set, we assume that the file descriptor is being - used internally to save another. Fixes problem reported by Ian - Jackson - -shell.c - - new function, init_interactive_script(), does interactive initialization - for a script run with `bash -i script' -- does everything the same - as init_interactive except set `interactive == 1', which causes the - shell to read from the standard input, after calling - init_noninteractive - - call init_interactive_script if a script is run as `bash -i script'. - Fixes problem reported by Joseph Michaud - - 5/24 - ---- -builtins/printf.def - - change vbadd to only call FASTCOPY if the passed buffer length is - > 1 - - if the `-v' option is supplied and `vbuf' is already non-null from a - previous `printf -v var' call, set vbuf[0]=0 explicitly instead of - relying on vbadd to do it -- vbadd may not be called. - - fix PRETURN macro to set vbuf[0] == 0 if vbuf is not freed. These - should fix problem reported by Elmar Stellnberger - -lib/readline/display.c - - fix update_line to deal with the case where col_lendiff > 0 (meaning - the new string takes up more screen real estate than the old) but - lendiff < 0 (meaning that it takes fewer bytes to do so). This can - happen when a multibyte prompt string is replaced with a longer one - containing only single-byte characters (e.g., when doing a reverse - i-search). Fixes gentoo bug reported by Peter Volkov - - -builtins/read.def - - make sure we only print $PS2 if the standard input is a terminal - - new function, read_mbchar, to read a multibyte character so we - can make sure we read entire multibyte chars when `read -n' is - used, rather than bytes. Only called when -n is supplied. - Fixes problem reported by Stanislav Brabec - - 5/25 - ---- -externs.h - - new #defines for third argument to named_function_string: - FUNC_MULTILINE (don't suppress newlines) and FUNC_EXTERNAL (convert - to external display form) - -subst.h - - new extern declaration for remove_quoted_escapes - -subst.c - - remove_quoted_escapes is now global - -print_cmd.c - - in named_function_string, if FUNC_EXTERNAL is in the flags argument, - call remove_quoted_escapes to convert from internal to external form. - Fixes bug reported by Bo Andresen - -variables.c,builtins/{declare,setattr,type}.def - - use FUNC_MULTILINE in calls to named_function_string as appropriate - - add FUNC_EXTERNAL to calls to named_function_string as appropriate - - 5/27 - ---- -{make_cmd,variables}.c - - changes to enable the shell to compile when debugger support is - configured out (function_def hash table and access functions). Fixes - bug reported by Horst Wente - -builtins/help.def - - fix bug in `help' two-column printing to avoid referencing - shell_builtins[num_shell_builtins] - -error.c - - in get_name_for_error, use dollar_vars[0] if the name returned from - looking in $BASH_SOURCE[0] is the empty string as well as if it's - null - - 5/31 - ---- -arrayfunc.c - - change array_value_internal to set *RTYPE to 1 if the reference is - array[*] and 2 if the reference is array[@] - -subst.c - - in parameter_brace_expand_word, set the flags returned by the word - desc to include W_HASQUOTEDNULL if array_value returns QUOTED_NULL - for an array reference like x[*] and the word is quoted. Fixes bug - reported by Christophe Martin - - 6/1 - --- -jobs.c - - several changes to preserve errno if tcgetpgrp/tcgetattr/tcsetattr - fail, for subsequent error messages - - change initialize_job_control to turn off job control if the terminal - pgrp == -1 or is not equal to shell_pgrp (with an error message) - - in initialize_job_control, if the shell has been forced interactive - with -i, make sure stderr is hooked to a tty before using it as - the controlling terminal. If it's not, try to open /dev/tty and - assign it to shell_tty. Fixes problems reported by Derek Fawcus - - - 6/13 - ---- -support/shobj-conf - - changes to support shared object and shared library creation on AIX - 5.x and later versions. From Niklas Edmundsson - - 6/17 - ---- -builtins/mkbuiltins.c - - new array of builtins, posix_builtins, containing builtins listed - as special to the command search order by POSIX - - add POSIX_BUILTIN to the builtin flags if the builtin name is one - that's special to the posix command search order - -builtins.h - - new define, POSIX_BUILTIN, means that a builtin is special to the - posix command search order - - 6/22 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - new macro, WRAP_OFFSET, intended to replace W_OFFSET. Takes prompt - strings longer than one physical line with invisible characters on - the second line into account when calculating the number of - invisible characters on the current screen line - - use WRAP_OFFSET where appropriate (update_line, _rl_move_cursor_relative) - - change update_line to deal with adjusting _rl_last_c_pos in a - multibyte environment when the prompt has invisible chars on the - second line and redisplay has output the invisible characters - - change _rl_move_cursor_relative to adjust _rl_last_c_pos in a - multibyte environment when the prompt has invisible chars on the - second line and the redisplay draws the invisible character. Fixes - redisplay bug reported by Andreas Schwab - - - 7/11 - ---- - -lib/readline/rltty.c - - enable flush-output code for systems other than AIX 4.1. Problem - reported by Jan Kratochvil - - 7/12 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - set prompt_invis_chars_first_line from the portion of the prompt - following the final newline, instead of from the prefix. Fixes - bug reported on the Ubuntu bug list by dAniel hAhler - - - 7/13 - ---- -variables.c - - use native __QNX__ and __QNXNTO__ cpp defines instead of qnx and - qnx6, respectively. Patch from Sean Boudreau - -lib/sh/getcwd.c - - #undef HAVE_LSTAT on qnx, so it uses stat instead. Patch from - Sean Boudreau - - 7/21 - ---- -builtins/common.c - - change sh_invalidnum to be a little smarter about octal and hex - numbers and change the message appropriately. Bug originally - reported on coreutils list by Jürgen Niinre - - 7/26 - ---- -test.c - - make sure the string passed to test_unop has only a single character - following the `-'. Fixes bug reported by Michael A. Smith - - -parse.y - - better input validation: make sure a word looks like a conditional - unary operator (-X) before calling test_unop - - 7/28 - ---- -trap.c - - in trap_handler, if it's called directly from the signal handler - (e.g., SIGINT sighandler, set by set_sigint_handler), but the - trap disposition has been reset to the default between the - assignment and receipt of the signal, check that the signal is - trapped and issue a warning if the shell was compiled with - debugging enabled. Fixes bug reported by Fergus Henderson - - - 8/1 - --- -lib/readline/{util,histexpand}.c - - fixes for small memory leaks from Michael Snyder - - 8/18 - ---- -Makefile.in - - add dependency on builtins/builtext.h to nojobs.o list. Fixes - `make -j 5' issue reported by Chris MacGregor - -examples/loadables/Makefile.in - - add @LDFLAGS@ to SHOBJ_LDFLAGS assignment -- experimental. Suggested - by Mike Frysinger - -examples/loadables/{basename,cut,dirname,finfo,head,ln,logname,mkdir,pathchk,print,printenv,push,realpath,rmdir,sleep,tee,truefalse,tty,uname,unlink,whoami}.c - - fix up some includes. Fix from Mike Frysinger - - 8/21 - ---- -histexpand.c - - fix another memory leak in history_find_word. Bug report originally - from Michael Snyder ; test case suggested by Jim - Blandy - - 8/26 - ---- -subst.c - - change to do_assignment_internal to make an assignment to a variable - with the `noassign' internal attribute not a variable assignment - error. - - fix do_assignment_internal so assignment to a `noassign' variable - does not cause it to suddenly become visible if it's currently - invisible - - 9/3 - --- -stringlib.c - - change strsub to check whether or not temp is non-null before - trying to null-terminate it. Also make sure temp is allocated - even if the pattern and replacement strings are empty, and set - to a copy of string (like ${foo//}) - Bug report from Timo Lindfors - - 9/10 - ---- -{config.h,Makefile,configure}.in,aclocal.m4 - - new tests for fpurge and __fpurge - -lib/sh/fpurge.c, externs.h - - new file, fpurge(3) implementation with external decl in externs.h - -builtins/common.c - - add call to fpurge(stdout) to sh_chkwrite - -{redir,execute_cmd}.c - - add call to fpurge(stdout) after fflush(stdout) before changing - stdout file descriptor and after a builtin or function executes - - 9/12 - ---- -expr.c - - make sure noeval is set to 0 when a longjmp occurs, since it will - not be reset otherwise, and it can be set to 1 while processing - a {pre,post}-increment or {pre,post}-decrement token - - set noeval to 0 at the beginning of evalexp, since it's never - called recursively - - 9/14 - ---- -config-top.h - - new builder-modifiable define: DONT_REPORT_BROKEN_PIPE_WRITE_ERRORS - Turning it on will cause errors from EPIPE to not be reported by - the normal shell write error message mechanism - -builtins/common.c - - if DONT_REPORT_BROKEN_PIPE_WRITE_ERRORS is defined, don't print an - error message from sh_wrerror if errno == EPIPE. Suggestion from - Petr Sumbera - - 9/19 - ---- -{jobs,nojobs}.c,jobs.h - - add code to retry fork() after EAGAIN, with a progressively longer - sleep between attempts, up to FORKSLEEP_MAX (16) seconds. Suggested - by Martin Koeppe - - 9/21 - ---- -version.c - - change copyright year to 2007 - - 9/25 - ---- -pathexp.c - - change quote_string_for_globbing to add a backslash in front of a - backslash appearing in the pathname string, since the globbing - code will interpret backslashes as quoting characters internally. - Bug reported by on the debian list - (443685) - - 10/8 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - in update_line, make sure _rl_last_c_pos is > 0 before setting - cpos_adjusted (or we actually moved the cursor to column 0 in - _rl_move_cursor_relative). Fixes redisplay bug with prompt with - only invisible characters reported by dAniel hAhler - - - 10/10 - ----- -lib/readline/display.c - - in rl_redisplay, when calculating the new physical cursor position - in a multibyte locale (`tx'), do not call rl_backspace if tx ends - up < 0. Rest of fix for bug reported by dAniel hAhler - - - 10/12 - ----- -lib/sh/getcwd.c - - fix memory overwrite problem that's possible if buf is NULL and - passed size is greater than the pathname length. Reported by - Ian Campbell - -builtins/ulimit.def - - change the multiplier for the -c and -f options (`blocks') to 512, - the traditional value (and the one POSIX specifies). Bug reported - by Pete Graner - -braces.c - - pass process substitution through unchanged the same as command - substitution. Prompted by suggestion from Stephane Chazelas - - -lib/readline/input.c - - in rl_unget_char, fix off-by-one error when resetting pop_index if - it's < 0. Bug reported by Uwe Doering - -builtins/type.def - - change exit status of `type' to not successful if any of the - requested commands are not found. Reported by Stephane Chazleas - - -pcomplete.c - - change command_line_to_word_list to use rl_completer_word_break_characters - instead of the shell metacharacters to split words, so programmable - completion does the same thing readline does internally. Reported - by Vasily Tarasov - - 10/16 - ----- -bashline.c - - When completing a command name beginning with a tilde and containing - escaped specical characters, dequote the filename before prefixing - it to the matches, so the escapes are not quoted again. Reported - by neil@s-z.org - - 10/17 - ----- -expr.c - - in readtok(), don't reset lasttp if we've consumed the whitespace - at the end of the expression string. Fixes error message problem - reported by - - 11/1 - ---- -builtins/printf.def - - change asciicode() to return intmax_t; add multibyte character - support instead of assuming ASCII (depending on behavior of system - multibyte support functions). Fixes bug reported by Rich - Felker - - 11/5 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - if redirections attached to a compound command fail, make sure to - set last_command_exit_value when returning EXECUTION_FAILURE. - Fixes bug reported separately by Andreas Schwab - and Paul Eggert - - 11/9 - ---- -builtins/read.def - - make sure the return value from get_word_from_string is freed if - non-null. Fixes memory leak bug reported by Lars Ellenberg - - - 11/10 - ----- -variables.c - - use getpid() as value of seeded_subshell to avoid problems with - random number generator not getting re-seeded correctly when - subshells are created. Fix from Tomas Janousek - -lib/readline/display.c - - in update_line(), when outputting characters at the end of the line, - e.g., when displaying the prompt string, adjust _rl_last_c_pos by - wrap_offset if the text we're drawing begins before the last - invisible character in the line. Similar to fix from 5/24. Fixes - bug reported by Miroslav Lichvar - - 11/14 - ----- -subst.c - - fix $[ expansion case to deal with extract_arithmetic_subst - returning NULL (if the `]' is missing) and return the construct - unchanged in that case. Fixes tab completion bug reported by - Heikki Hokkanen (debian bug 451263) - -lib/readline/mbutil.c - - fix _rl_find_next_mbchar_internal to deal with invalid multibyte - character sequences when finding non-zero-length chars. Fixes - bug reported by Morita Sho - - 11/15 - ----- -variables.c - - add new function `seedrand' to seed the bash random number - generator from more random data. Suggestion from Steve Grubb - - - replace the rng in brand() with a slightly better one from FreeBSD - (filtered through Mac OS X 10.5). Replacement suggested by - Steve Grubb - - 11/21 - ----- -configure.in - - darwin 9 also requires linking against libreadline.a and - libhistory.a because of Apple's questionable decision to ship a - libreadline "replacement" that doesn't provide all functions - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - slight change to the text describing the effect of set -e when - in a || or && list - - 12/5 - ---- -jobs.c - - fix raw_job_exit_status to correct mixing of int/WAIT values (need - to return a WAIT) - - arrange so that children run as part of command substitutions also - set the SIGINT handler to wait_sigint_handler, since they effectively - don't do job control - - in wait_for, if a child run as part of a command substitution exits - due to SIGINT, resend the SIGINT to the waiting shell with kill(2). - This makes sure the exit status propagates - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - tighten up the language describing when bash tries to see if its - stdin is a socket, so it can run the startup files. Suggested by - Vincent Lefevre - -eval.c - - in the DISCARD case of a longjmp to top_level, make sure - last_command_exit_value is set to EXECUTION_FAILURE if it's 0, - but leave existing non-zero values alone - -subst.c - - in command_substitute, don't reset pipeline_pgrp in the child - process -- this means that second and subsequent children spawned by - this comsub shell get put into the wrong process group, not the - shell's. Fix for bug reported by Ingo Molnar - - 12/6 - ---- -support/shobj-conf - - make sure the cases for darwin8.x (Mac OS X 10.4.x) are extended to - darwin9.x (Mac OS X 10.5.x). Fixes problem originally reported - against readline-5.2 by schneecrash@gmail.com - - 12/8 - ---- -subst.c - - make sure to add the results of (successful) tilde expansion as a - quoted string, to inhibit pathname expansion and word splitting. - From recent Austin Group interpretation. - -include/shtty.h, lib/sh/shtty.c - - add ttfd_onechar, ttfd_noecho, ttfd_eightbit, ttfd_nocanon, and - ttfd_cbreak to set tty attributes associated with a particular - file descriptor (which is presumed to point to a terminal). Support - for fix for bug reported by b_bashbug@thebellsplace.com - -lib/readline/display.c - - make sure we only use rl_invis_chars_first_line when the number of - physical characters exceeds the screen width, since that's the - only time expand_prompt sets it to a valid value - - 12/12 - ----- -builtins/set.def - - change set_minus_o_option to return EX_USAGE if an invalid option - name is supplied. All callers can handle it. - - change set_builtin to return what set_minus_o_option returns if it's - not EXECUTION_SUCCESS. This allows EX_USAGE errors to abort a - shell running in posix mode - - 12/14 - ----- -builtins/read.def - - generalize the calls to the tty attribute functions to maintain a - local copy of the terminal attributes and use the fd supplied as - the argument to the -u option (default 0). Fix for bug reported - by b_bashbug@thebellsplace.com - -doc/bashref.texi, lib/readline/doc/{history,rlman,rluser,rluserman}.texi - - Slight changes to conform to the latest FSF documentation standards. - Patch from Karl Berry - - 12/20 - ----- -execute_cmd.c - - after calling clear_unwind_protect_list, make sure we reset - parse_and_execute_level to 0, since there's nothing left to - restore it if top_level_cleanup tests it. Fixes bug reported - by Len Lattanzi - - 12/31 - ----- -lib/sh/getcwd.c - - new function, _path_checkino, checks whether the inode corresponding - to the path constructed from the first two arguments is the same as - the inode number passed as the third argument - - if BROKEN_DIRENT_D_INO is defined, meaning the d_ino/d_fileno - member of struct dirent doesn't contain valid values, use - _path_checkino instead of directly comparing against d_fileno. - Fixes Interix problem reported by Michael Haubenwallner - - - 1/7/2008 - -------- -array.c - - fix array_subrange to separate elements in returned string with - first char of $IFS if QUOTED is non-zero, since this indicates - the caller used ${array[@]:foo}. Fixes bug reported by Lea - Wiemann - - 1/8 - --- -subst.c - - new function returning a string containing the first character of - $IFS: char *ifs_firstchar(int *) - -subst.h - - extern declaration for ifs_firstchar() - -array.c - - call ifs_firstchar() to get first character of $IFS when needed - (array_subrange() and array_patsub()) - - 1/11 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - use sentinel variable set at end of init_line_structures to decide - whether to call it from rl_redisplay, since early SIGWINCH on - Mac OS X that hits during this function can cause _rl_wrapped_line - to be referenced before initialization. Fix for bug reported by - Len Lattanzi - -subst.[ch] - - skip_to_delim is now compiled into the shell all the time, not just - when readline is linked in - -subst.c - - use skip_to_delim to find the `/' denoting the end of a pattern - in pattern substitution, since it knows more shell syntax than - quoted_strchr and understands multibyte characters. Fixes bug - reported by Dmitry V Golovashkin - - 1/15 - ---- -subst.c - - add `flags' argument to skip_to_delim telling it whether or not to - set no_longjmp_on_fatal_error; set this flag when calling from the - readline completion code - -subst.h - - update extern declaration for skip_to_delim - - 1/17 - ---- -subst.c - - expand_prompt_string takes a third argument: the initial flags for - the WORD - -subst.h - - change extern declaration for expand_prompt_string to add third arg - -bashline.c - - pass W_NOCOMSUB as third argment to expand_prompt_string when - calling from bash_directory_completion_hook, since we don't want - to do command substitution from the completion code - -parse.y - - change call to expand_prompt_string - - 1/18 - ---- -doc/Makefile.in - - added an `install_builtins' rule to install the builtins.1 man page, - preprocessing it with sed to force `.so man1/bash.1', which some - versions of man require. Suggestion from Peter Breitenlohner - - - new target `install_everything' that will install normal documentation - and builtins man page - - changed uninstall target to remove bash_builtins page from man - directory - -lib/readline/vi_mode.c - - new function, rl_vi_insert_mode, which calls rl_vi_start_inserting - to make sure the value of `last command to repeat' is set correctly. - Fix from Thomas Janousek - - add support for redoing inserts made with the `I' command. Fix - from Thomas Janousek - - add support for redoing inserts made with the `A' command - -lib/readline/readline.h - - new extern declaration for rl_vi_insert_mode - -lib/readline/{misc,readline,vi_mode,vi_keymap}.c - - change calls to rl_vi_insertion_mode to rl_vi_insert_mode - - 1/19 - ---- -builtins/read.def - - change timeout behavior when not reading from a tty device to save - any partial input in the variable list, but still return failure. - This also causes variables specified as arguments to read to be - set to null when there is no input available. Fix inspired by - Brian Craft - - 1/21 - ---- -builtins/fc.def - - change computation of last_hist to use remember_on_history instead - of a hard-coded `1'. This keeps fc -l -1 in PROMPT_COMMAND from - looking too far back - - 1/25 - ---- -lib/readline/complete.c - - fix fnwidth to use string[pos] instead of *string when testing the - current character for a control character or rubout - - 2/2 - --- -general.c - - change posix_initialize to turn off source/. searching $PWD when - the file sourced is not found in $PATH. Fixes bug reported by - Paolo Bonzini and Eric Blake - - 2/9 - --- -builtins/*.def - - changes to text and formatting suggested by Jan Schampera - - - 2/16 - ---- -bashline.c - - change command_word_completion_function to use the word completion - found by readline, which matters only when ignoring case is on - and the completion found in the file system differs in case from - the text the user typed (this is what readline does for normal - filename completion). Fixes issue reported by Jian Wang - . - - 2/18 - ---- -builtins/source.def - - if the filename passed as an argument contains a `/', don't search - $PATH. Not sure why it wasn't like this before - - 2/21 - ---- -lib/readline/terminal.c - - change rl_crlf so that the MINT system on ATARI systems adds a - carriage return before the \n - - 2/22 - ---- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - added text to the EXIT STATUS section noting that exit statuses - fall between 0 and 255, inclusive - -support/mkversion.sh - - output a #define for DEFAULT_COMPAT_LEVEL (${major}${minor}; e.g. 32) - to version.h - -version.c - - int variable, shell_compatibility_level, set to DEFAULT_COMPAT_LEVEL - by default - -builtins/shopt.def - - new shopt variable, compat31, sets shell_compatibility_level to 31 - (or back to default if unset) - -execute_cmd.c - - in execute_cond_node, restore bash-3.1 behavior of quoted rhs of - regexp matches if shell_compatibility_level == 31 - - 2/28 - ---- -lib/readline/rltty.c - - set readline_echoing_p = 1 if tcgetattr fails and sets errno to - EINVAL, as Linux does when the fd is a pipe. Reported by Mike - Frysinger - - 3/6 - --- -{MANIFEST,Makefile.in},lib/sh/{casemod,uconvert,ufuncs}.c - - new library sources from bash-4.0-devel tree - -lib/sh/spell.c - - moved cdspell() here from builtins/cd.def, renamed dirspell() - -externs.h - - new declarations for extern functions from new library files - - new extern declaration for lib/sh/spell.c:dirspell() - -builtins/cd.def - - call extern library function dirspell(); remove static cdspell() - -builtins/read.def - - when read times out, make sure input_string is null-terminated before - assigning any partial input read to the named variables - - 3/10 - ---- -lib/glob/xmbsrtowcs.c - - cut the number of memory allocations in xdupmbstowcs by not keeping - track of the indices if the caller hasn't asked for it - - 3/17 - ---- -builtins/fc.def - - make sure the adjustment to i in fc_gethnum uses the same formula - fc_builtin uses to calculate last_hist - - make sure that every time fc_gethnum is called, the fc command last - in the history list has not yet been deleted, since fc_gethnum - assumes that it has not. Fix from John Haxby - -lib/readline/complete.c - - new private library function, _rl_reset_completion_state(), used to - reset any completion state internal to the library when a signal - is received - - call _rl_reset_completion_state() before returning from - rl_complete_internal - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - new extern declaration for _rl_reset_completion_state - -lib/readline/signals.c - - call _rl_reset_completion_state from rl_signal_handler on SIGINT. - This fixes one of the problems identified by Mika Fischer - - -pcomplete.c - - programmable_completions now saves pointer to the compspec it's - working with in new global variable CURCS - - new function, pcomp_set_readline_variables, that sets or unsets - readline variables based on a passed flags value (COPT_FILENAMES, - etc.) - - new function, pcomp_set_compspec_options, to set or unset bits in - the options word of a passed compspec (default CURCS) - - only call bash_dequote_filename (via rl_filename_dequoting_function) - from pcomp_filename_completion_function if the readline state - word indicates word completion is in progress - -pcomplete.h - - new extern declaration for curcs - - new extern declaration for pcomp_set_readline_variables - - new extern declaration for pcomp_set_compspec_options - -bashline.c - - fix bash_dequote_filename to implement shell quoting conventions: - 1. Inhibit backslash stripping within single quotes - 2. Inhibit backslash stripping within double quotes only if - the following character is one of the special ones - - call pcomp_set_readline_variables from attempt_shell_completion - instead of doing the equivalent inline - - 3/18 - ---- -bracecomp.c - - make sure we sort array of matches in byte order (using strcmp). so - the brace calculations work correctly even when the locale orders - characters like aAbBcC...zZ. Fixes bug reported by Torsten Nahm - - - 3/20 - ---- -lib/readline/{rltty,signals}.c - - move block_sigint and release_sigint from rltty.c to signals.c; add - _rl_ prefix to make them public to the library; change callers. - From Jan Kratochvil - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - new extern declarations for _rl_block_sigint and _rl_release_sigint - -lib/readline/display.c - - add calls to _rl_block_sigint and _rl_release_sigint to rl_redisplay, - since it maniupluates global data structures. Fix from Jan - Kratochvil - -builtins/printf.def - - change calls to asprintf and manually adding to vbuf to use calls - to vsnprintf against vbuf directly -- if the number of characters - to be written overflows the buffer, realloc the buffer and use - vsnprintf again. This should reduce the memory used by printf. - Idea from Yuya Katayama - -lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi - - documented rest of readline's state flags, including RL_STATE_CALLBACK - - documented rl_save_state and rl_restore_state - - 3/27 - ---- -lib/readline/{rlprivate.h,{display,readline,rltty,terminal,text}.c} - - rename readline_echoing_p to _rl_echoing_p for namespace consistency - -lib/readline/{rlprivate.h,{callback,readline,util}.c} - - rename readline_top_level to _rl_top_level for namespace consistency - -builtins/ulimit.def - - new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number of threads) options - -array.c - - fix bug in calculation of the array element assignment string length: - use length of `is' instead of `indstr'. Reported as ubuntu bug - #202885 by John McCabe-Dansted - -builtins/setattr.def - - new function, show_all_var_attributes, displays attributes and - values for all shell variables (or shell functions) in a reusable - format - -builtins/common.h - - new extern declaration for show_all_var_attributes - -builtins/declare.def - - change `declare -p' to print out all variable attributes and values, - and `declare -fp' to print out all function attributes and - definitions. Inspired by request from John Love-Jensen - - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document new -b and -T options to ulimit - - tighten up language describing AND and OR lists - - add description of new behavior of `declare -p' - - 3/28 - ---- -pcomplete.c - - rename curcs -> pcomp_curcs - - new global completion variable, pcomp_curcmd, the current command - name being completed - -builtins/complete.def - - new builtin, compopt, allows completion options for command names - supplied as arguments or the current completion being executed to - be modified. Suggested by Mika Fischer - - 3/30 - ---- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi},lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi - - document new compopt builtin - - 4/5 - --- -support/shobj-conf - - change solaris10 stanza to use -fPIC to fix 64-bit sparc_v9/solaris10 - compilations. Fix from Fabian Groffen - -builtins/read.def - - added `-i text' option, inserts `text' into line if using readline. - Suggested by many, used some ideas from Kevin Pulo - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document new `-i text' option to read builtin - - 4/7 - --- -lib/readline/bind.c - - new settable variable, `history-size', sets the max number of - entries in the history list - -doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{rluser.texi,readline.3} - - document new `history-size' settable readline variable - - 4/8 - --- -builtins/complete.def - - change build_actions calling sequence to take a struct with `other' - (non-action) flag arguments (-p, -r) - - add support for `-E' option to build_actions and complete builtin -- - modifies or displays (internal) `_EmptycmD_' completion spec - -bashline.c - - change attempt_shell_completion to try programmable completion on an - `empty' command line and return the results - -doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi - - documented new `-E' option to `complete' - - 4/9 - --- -bashhist.c - - new variable, `enable_history_list', used to reflect setting of - `-o history' option - - change bash_history_{enable,disable,reinit} to set enable_history_list - as well as remember_on_history - -builtins/set.def - - use `enable_history_list' instead of `remember_on_history' to keep - value of `-o history' option - -builtins/evalstring.c - - instead of unwind-protecting remember_on_history, use a function to - restore it to the value of `enable_history_list' after - parse_and_execute runs the commands in the string. This allows - history to be turned off in a startup file, for instance. Problem - reported by Dan Jacobson - - 4/11 - ---- -bashline.c - - limited support for completing command words with globbing characters - (only a single match completed on TAB, absolute or relative - pathnames supported, no $PATH searching, some support for displaying - possible matches, can be used with menu completion). - Suggested by Harald Koenig - -print_cmd.c - - change redirection printing to output r_err_and_out as `&>file', - since the man page says that's the preferred form - - 4/12 - ---- -builtins/*.def - - change long doc so the first line is a short description - - add `Exit Status:' section to each longdoc describing exit values - -builtins/help.def - - new `-d' option to print short description of each utility - - new `-m' option to print description of each builtin in a - pseudo-manpage format (inspired by ksh93) - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document new `-d' and `-m' options to `help' - -builtins/mapfile.def - - new builtin, `mapfile', imported from bash-4.0-devel branch - -tests/{mapfile.{data,right,tests},run-mapfile} - - tests for `mapfile' builtin - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - added description of `mapfile' builtin - -MANIFEST,Makefile.in,builtins/Makefile.in - - added entries for mapfile source files - -arrayfunc.[ch] - - new function, bind_array_element, to support mapfile builtin - - 4/20 - ---- -expr.c - - fix operator precendence in expcond(): term after the `:' is - a conditional-expression, not a logical-OR-expression (using C - terminology). Bug reported by - - 4/22 - ---- -bashintl.h - - new P_ define for using ngettext to decide on plural forms - (currently unused) - - 4/25 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - in execute_disk_command, if the command is not found, search for - a shell function named `command_not_found_handle' and call it - with the words in the command as arguments. Inspired by Debian - feature. - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document new command_not_found_handle behavior in COMMAND EXECUTION - section - -configure.in - - change default version to bash-4.0-devel - - 4/28 - ---- -variables.c - - change push_func_var and push_exported_var to call - stupidly_hack_special_variables if the temporary variable is going - to be disposed. This undoes any internal changes caused by a local - variable assignment in the environment or in a shell function. Bug - reported by Morita Sho in - http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=478096 - - 5/3 - --- -builtins/fc.def - - fixed a problem caused by change of 1/21 to use remember_on_history, - since it's turned off by parse_and_execute(), but can cause the - last command in history to be deleted and leave last_hist pointing - beyond the end of the history list. edit_and_execute_command can - do this. - -bashline.c - - new define, RL_BOOLEAN_VAR_VALUE, to take a readline boolean variable - and get its value as 0 or 1 (consider making readline global) - - put tty back into canonical mode before calling parse_and_execute in - edit_and_execute_command and then back into raw mode after it - returns. Fixes problem identified by . - - 5/4 - --- -lib/glob/glob.c - - code to support `globstar' option: GX_GLOBSTAR and two internal - flags. Changes to skipname, glob_vector, mbskipname, glob_filename. - New function finddirs(). - -lib/glob/glob.h - - new defines to support globstar code - -builtins/shopt.def - - new shell option, `globstar', enables special handling of `**' in - glob patterns -- matches all directories recursively - -pathexp.h - - extern declaration for glob_star - -pathexp.c - - break inline code out of quote_globbing_chars into a separate - function to decide whether a character is a globbing char: - glob_char_p - - change shell_glob_filename to call glob_filename with the - GX_GLOBSTAR flag if glob_star is set - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document new `globstar' shell option - -arrayfunc.c - - new function, broken out of quote_array_assignment_chars: - quote_assign; extended from old code to make sure that globbing - chars and chars in $IFS are quoted when displaying assignment - statements, especially in compound array assignments - - 5/5 - --- -bashline.c - - new variable, dircomplete_spelling, controls spelling correction - of directory names when doing filename completion - - change bash_directory_completion_hook to incorporate spelling - correction if initial canonicalization of directory name fails - -builtins/shopt.def - - new shell option, `dirspell', enables and disables spelling - correction of directory names during word completion - -builtins/read.def - - support for fractional timeout values (ival.uval); uses uconvert - and falarm/setitimer - -config.h.in - - new `HAVE_SETITIMER' define - -configure.in - - look for setitimer(2), define HAVE_SETITIMER if found - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document new `dirspell' shopt option - - document new fractional values to `read -t timeout' - - 5/6 - --- -assoc.[ch] - - new files, basic support for associative array implementation - -general.h - - new extern declarations for sh_openpipe, sh_closepipe, trim_pathname - -general.c - - new functions: sh_openpipe to create a pipe and move the file - descriptors to a high range; sh_closepipe, to close pipe fds and - clean up, and trim_pathname, to replace portions of a pathname - with `...' (for prompting) - -jobs.c - - don't set last_asynchronous_pid in child shell (messes up $!, among - other things) - -parse.y,parser.h - - moved definitions of parser flags to parser.h - -array.c - - imported array_modcase (case-changing operations on arrays) from - 4.0-devel branch - -array.h - - new extern declaration for array_modcase - -lib/readline/complete.c - - new variable, rl_menu_completion_entry_function, generator for - rl_menu_complete - - new menu completion `browsing' implementation, with several - improvements over the old code. Inspired by Sami - -lib/readline/readline.h - - extern declaration for rl_menu_completion_entry_function - - 5/8 - --- -lib/readline/complete.c - - add support for a third argument to fnprint and print_filename, - which supports replacing a specified portion of the pathnames - printed when displaying possible completions with a `...' (or - `___', if the prefix would be confused with a portion of the - filename) - - new variable, _rl_completion_prefix_display_length, sets the - number of characters in a common prefix to be replaced with an - ellipsis when displaying possible completions - - add support to _rl_display_match_list to find the length of the - common prefix of all items being displayed, and passing that - value to print_filename for possible replacement with an ellipsis - if that length is longer than _rl_completion_prefix_display_length - -lib/readline/bind.c - - add support for retrieving value of history-size variable to - _rl_get_string_variable_value - - new bindable variable, completion-prefix-display-length. When - displaying possible completions, matches with a common prefix - longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with an - ellipsis - - support for retrieving value of completion-prefix-display-length - variable to _rl_get_string_variable_value - - new bindable variable, revert-all-at-newline: if enabled, causes - all changes in history lines to be undone before readline returns - after processing a newline - -doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi} - - document new `completion-prefix-display-length' variable - - document new `revert-all-at-newline' variable - -execute_cmd.c - - change execute_builtin to not inherit the `-e' flag into commands - executed by the `command' or `source/.' builtins if we are supposed - to be ignoring the return value. This is like `eval'. Fixes bug - reported by Hiroshi Fujishima - - 5/10 - ---- -variables.c - - when reading the initial environment, don't create variables with - names that are not valid shell identifiers. Fixes bug reported by - Stephane Chazleas - - 5/13 - ---- -subst.c - - fix string_quote_removal to gracefully handle the case where a - backslash is the final character in the string (leaves the backslash - in place). Fixes bug reported by Ian Robertson - - - 5/16 - ---- -support/checkbashisms - - Perl script that purports to check for bash-specific features in a - shell script. Lifted from Debian via ubuntu - - 5/20 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - in update_line, when deciding whether or not to adjust _rl_last_c_pos - in a multibyte environment after printing the last line of a multiline - prompt with invisible characters on the first and last lines, use - the number of inivisible chars on the first line in the calculation - deciding whether or not we're past the last invisible character and - need to adjust the cursor position. Old code used the number of - invisible chars on the last prompt line. Fixes bug reported by - stuff@slinkp.com. - - in update_line, when fixing _rl_last_c_pos after drawing the first - line of the prompt, use the number of invisible chars on the first - line as the offset, instead of the total number of invisible chars - - use prompt_multibyte_characters, the number of multibyte chars in - the prompt string, to short-circuit some relatively expensive - multibyte text processing in rl_redisplay - - 5/21 - ---- -variables.c - - new function, reinit_special_variables(), a hook for special - vars that need their hook functions called when they're unset as - a result of the shell reinitializing itself to run a script - -shell.c - - shell_reinitialize now calls reinit_special_variables - - shell_reinitialize now calls bashline_reset - -variables.h - - new extern declaration for reinit_special_variables - -bashline.c - - new function, bashline_reset(), called when the shell reinitializes - in shell_reinitialize. Right now, just resets - bash_readline_initialized to 0. - -bashline.h - - new extern declaration for bashline_reset() - - 5/23 - ---- -bashhist.c - - new function, bash_clear_history, clears the history and resets any - associated internal bash state - -bashhist.h - - extern declaration for bash_clear_history - -builtins/history.def - - call bash_clear_history instead of clear_history for `history -c'. - Fixes part of problem reported by Scott McDermott - - - decrement history_lines_this_session in delete_histent, called for - `history -d' - -builtins/history.def,bashhist.[ch] - - move delete_histent() to bashhist.c; rename to bash_delete_histent - - move delete_last_history() to bashhist.c; rename to - bash_delete_last_history() - - 5/25 - ---- -braces.c - - add another parameter to mkseq(), the number of digits to put into - each member of a numeric sequence (width), changes to determine - any zero-padding go into expand_seqterm - - changes to expand_seqterm to allow user-specified increments - -bashline.[ch],shell.c,sig.c - - switched names of bashline_reinitialize and bashline_reset to better - reflect their functions - - when searching $PATH for directories to use for command completion, - make sure to free `current_path' before going out of scope - - new bindable function `dabbrev-expand', which is more or less - menu completion using dynamic history completion as the generator - - changes to bash_execute_unix_command to set variables for the - executed command like programmable completion: READLINE_LINE - (rl_line_buffer) and READLINE_POINT (rl_point) - - change to bash_execute_unix_command to allow the executed command - to change the readline line buffer by modifying the value of - READLINE_LINE and to change rl_point by modifying the value of - READLINE_POINT - -common.h - - new SEVAL_ defines for later parse_string changes from 4.0-devel - branch - -command.h - - new defines for new &>> r_append_err_and_out redirection - -builtins/evalstring.c - - new function, parse_string, parses a command from a passed string - and returns the number of characters consumed. For satisfying - Posix rules when parsing command substitutions, from bash-4.0-devel - branch - - split out common prolog code from parse_string and - parse_and_execute into a separate function called from both - -parse.y - - small changes to add symbols needed for parse_string - - parser change to add `|&' as synonym for `2>&1 |'; translation is - performed at parse time so |& never shows up in output of - print_command, for instance. Picked up from zsh, merged in from - bash-4.0-devel branch - -parse.y,{redir,copy_cmd,dispose_cmd,make_cmd,print_cmd}.c - - implement new &>> r_append_err_and_out (like >>foo 2>&1); merged - in from bash-4.0-devel branch - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi},lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi - - document new optional increment in brace expansion - - document new zero-padded fixed-width integer brace expansion - - document new `dabbrev-expand' bindable readline command - - document new effects of `bind -x' setting and reading the values of - READLINE_LINE and READLINE_POINT - - document new |& synonym for `2>&1 |' pipeline operator - - 5/26 - ---- -parse.y - recognize new ;& and ;;& case action list terminator tokens and - implement them in the grammar, setting CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH and - CASEPAT_TESTNEXT flags as appropriate - -print_cmd.c - - print new ;& and ;;& case clause action list terminators as - appropriate - -execute_cmd.c - - implement new case clause action list terminators: - ;& - fall through to actions associated with next pattern list - ;;& - fall through to tests in next pattern list - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document new ;& and ;;& case clause action list terminators - - 5/28 - ---- -jobs.c - - change waitchld so it treats SIGCHLD like SIGINT if `wait' is being - executed, and allows wait to jump out before running any trap set - on SIGCHLD. Fixes debian bug #483016 reported by Miroslav Rudisin - - - run_sigchld_trap is no longer static, so the trap code in trap.c - can call it - - change run_sigchld_trap to call set_impossible_sigchld_trap instead - of just using a call to restore_default_signal - -jobs.h - - new extern declaration for run_sigchld_trap - -trap.c - - fix run_pending_traps to run a SIGCHLD trap if the trap handler isn't - set to IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER - - in trap_handler, don't reset the SIGCHLD trap handler to trap_handler - if MUST_REINSTALL_SIGHANDLERS is defined - - new function, set_impossible_sigchld_handler, sets the trap string - associated with SIGCHLD to IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER; used as a sentinel - by run_sigchld_trap and maybe_set_sigchld_handler - - change maybe_set_sigchld_handler to set the SIGCHLD trap string only - if the current value is IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER. This ensures that - any traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler will persist. Fixes - debian bug #483016 reported by Miroslav Rudisin - - -trap.h - - new extern declaration for set_impossible_sigchld_trap - - 5/31 - ---- -parse.y - - new function: parse_comsub(), parses $(...) by parsing command - between parens and making sure the next token is `)'. From - the bash-4.0-devel branch - - new function: xparse_dolparen, helper function for parsing - command substitutions in $(...). Called from subst.c to extract - a command substitution during word expansion. From bash-4.0-devel - branch - - new function: rewind_input_stream(). Rewinds bash_input.location.string - back to where it was before the shell parsed a $() command - substitution. From bash-4.0-devel branch - - changes to parse_matched_pair to combine most of the flag variables - (was_dollar, in_comment, and so on) into a local flags word - - 6/2 - --- -parse.y - - call trim_pathname, which retains only the last $PROMPT_DIRTRIM - directories and replaces the intervening characters with `...', - when expanding \w and \W - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document the effect of setting PROMPT_DIRTRIM - - 6/3 - --- -builtins/ulimit.def - - make the multiplier (block size) for -c and -f 512 bytes only if in - Posix mode and 1024 bytes otherwise (as in previous versions). Uses - POSIXBLK and BLOCK_SIZE defines to parameterize size based on value - of posixly_correct - -doc/bashref.texi - - document this addition to posix mode - -builtins/common.c - - change get_numeric_arg to have a calling sequence and return value - more closely mimicking general.c:legal_number(), with the addition - of a flags word - - add extra value for `fatal' argument to get_numeric_arg to force it - to return failure to the caller rather than longjmping - -builtins/common.h - - change prototype declaration for get_numeric_arg - -builtins/{break,shift}.def - - change calls to get_numeric_arg to deal with new semantics and calling - sequence - -builtins/history.def - - display_history now returns an int - - change calling sequence for get_numeric_arg in display_history - - display_history now returns failure to the caller if get_numeric_arg - detects an invalid number, rather than jumping back to the top level - - use value returned by display_history as return status of history - builtin, filtered through sh_chkwrite - - history no longer aborts compound commands on invalid arguments. - fixes problem reported by Chu Li - -{braces,subst}.c - - extract_command_subst now takes a third flags argument; passed flags - are ORd into flags passed to other functions; changed callers - -subst.h - - move SX_* defines here from subst.c so parse.y:xparse_dolparen can - see them and behave appropriately - - extract_command_subst now takes a third flags argument; change - prototype - -subst.c - - change extract_command_subst to call xparse_dolparen when extracting - a $() construct - - change calls to extract_delimited_string to extract_command_subst - as appropriate - - if command_substitute returns a NULL word desc, don't call - dispose_word_desc on it - -parse.y - - change xparse_dolparen to use the SX_* flags now in subst.h - - 6/16 - ---- -subst.c - - in quote_list, set W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag in the word if quote_string - turns "" into CTLNUL - - in dequote_list, turn off W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag in the word if - dequote_string turns CTLNUL into "" - - new function, string_list_pos_params, encapsulates everything - needed to turn the positional parameters or an array indexed with - '@' or '*' into a string, including taking care of quoting and - using the first char of $IFS, when used in another expansion like - pattern removal or pattern substitution - - change list_remove_pattern, pos_params, pos_params_pat_subst to - call string_list_pos_params. Fixes problems reported by - Stephane Chazelas - - 6/22 - ---- -variables.h - - include assoc.h for associative arrays - - defines for case-modifying expansions and associative array variables - - sh_var_assign_func_t functions now take an extra char * parameter - - 6/25 - ---- -variables.c - - change declarations and definitions of sh_var_assign_func_t functions - to add the extra char * parameter: null_assign, null_array_assign, - assign_seconds, assign_random, assign_lineno, assign_subshell, - assign_dirstack - - change calls to var->assign_func to add extra char * argument - - broke part of body of dispose_variable out into a new function, - dispose_variable_value, which knows how to free all kinds of shell - variable data - - changes to deal with variables with the internal `nofree' attribute - -arrayfunc.c - - change calls to var->assign_func to add extra char * argument - - bind_array_var_internal now takes an extra `char *key' argument - - additions for associative array implementation; from bash-4.0-devel - tree - -arrayfunc.[ch],subst.c - - expand_compound_array_assignment now takes the variable as the first - argument (SHELL_VAR *); changed function definition and callers - -builtins/set.def - - changes to handle associative arrays in `unset' - -{execute_cmd,command}.h - - definitions for coproc implementation; from bash-4.0-devel tree - -variables.c - - new functions for associative arrays: make_new_assoc_variable, - make_local_assoc_variable - - 6/26 - ---- -variables.c - - more infrastructure for associative arrays; from bash-4.0-devel tree - - infrastructure for handling assignments to variables with - case-modifying attributes; from bash-4.0-devel tree - -config.h.in - - add #defines controlling case-modifying variable attributes and word - expansions - -configure.in - - add enable options for case-modifying variable attributes and word - expansions (--enable-casemod-attributes and --enable-casemod-expansions, - respectively); from bash-4.0-devel tree - -execute_cmd.c - - add code to fix_assignment_words to handle assignment statements to - "assignment builtins" that seem to be associative arrays. Imperfect - -subst.c - - array_remove_pattern now takes a SHELL_VAR * as its first argument - instead of an ARRAY *; from the bash-4.0-devel tree - - changes to array_length_reference for associative arrays; from the - bash-4.0-devel tree - - changes to get_var_and_type for associative arrays; from the - bash-4.0-devel tree - - changes to parameter_brace_substring for associative arrays; from the - bash-4.0-devel tree - - changes to param_expand for associative arrays; from the - bash-4.0-devel tree - -builtins/declare.def - - changes for associative arrays: new `-A' option, changes to make - local and global associative array variables; from the bash-4.0-devel - tree - - 6/27 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - in execute_command_internal, when short-circuiting execution - because `breaking' or `continuing' is non-zero, preserve the exit - status by returning `last_command_exit_value' instead of an - unconditional EXECUTION_SUCCESS. Fixes bug reported by Roman - Rakus - - 6/28 - ---- -variables.c - - fix get_var_and_type to appropriately handle references like - ${varname[0]}, where `varname' is a scalar variable - -make_cmd.[ch],parse.y - - make_here_document now takes a second argument: the current line - number; changed caller (gather_here_documents) - -builtins/setattr.def - - added support for associative arrays and the `-A' variable attribute - option; from the bash-4.0-devel tree - -subst.c - - change code that transforms `declare -A xxx=(yyy)' to perform the - internal `declare -A xxx' before doing the variable assignment, - because associative arrays have to be declared before being assigned - to as such; uses new function make_internal_declare - - 6/30 - ---- -subst.[ch] - - dequote_escapes is now external; add declaration in subst.h - - remove_quoted_nulls is now external; add declaration in subst.h - -array.[ch] - - new functions for completeness: array_dequote, array_dequote_escapes, - array_remove_quoted_nulls - - array_subrange now calls array_remove_quoted_nulls for "${array[*]}". - Fixes bug reported by Vitor De Araujo - - array_patsub now calls array_remove_quoted_nulls for "${array[*]}" - - array_modcase now calls array_remove_quoted_nulls for "${array[*]}" - - array_patsub now handles the mflags&MATCH_QUOTED case appropriately - (that implies "${array[@]}") - -subst.c - - new functions for case-modifying word expansion suppport: - pos_params_casemod, parameter_brace_casemod; from bash-4.0-devel branch - -assoc.c - - new functions for completeness: assoc_remove_quoted_nulls - - assoc_patsub now calls assoc_remove_quoted_nulls for "${assoc[*]}" - - assoc_modcase now calls assoc_remove_quoted_nulls for "${array[*]}" - - assoc_patsub now handles the mflags&MATCH_QUOTED case appropriately - (that implies "${assoc[@]}") - - 7/1 - --- -assoc.[ch] - - new function, assoc_subrange: takes a hash table, converts it to a - word list, and performs the subrange and indexing on that list - - new functions for completeness: assoc_dequote, assoc_dequote_escapes - -subst.c - - verify_substring_values now takes the variable SHELL_VAR * as its - new first argument; changed callers - - change verify_substring_values to handle associative arrays using the - number of elements as the upper bound - - brought in code to do case-modifying word expansions from - bash-4.0-devel branch, conditional on CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS - -input.c - - if the read(2) in getc_with_restart returns -1/EAGAIN, turn off - non-blocking mode on the file descriptor and try again. Fixes - problem reported by Glynn Clements - - 7/2 - --- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - documented new case-modifying word expansions - -make_cmd.c - - change make_here_document to display a warning message including the - start line of a here document if it ends up delimited by EOF. - Addresses issue raised by Richard Neill - -subst.c - - in do_assignment_internal, make sure the `invisible' attribute is - unset before returning success - - 7/3 - --- -config-top.h - - add `CASEMOD_CAPCASE' define to include or exclude the ~[~] word - expansion and the `capcase' variable attribute (declare -c) - -builtins/declare.def - - add support for manipulating the case-modifying attributes (new - declare -clu); from bash-4.0-devel branch - -builtins/setattr.def - - add support for reporting case-modifying attributes (-clu attributes); - from bash-4.0-devel branch - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - specify that the read builtin timing out results in a return value - greater than 128 - - document new `-l' and `-u' options to declare/typeset/local. Leave - `-c' undocumented for now - - 7/4 - --- -make_cmd.[ch] - - make_coproc_command: construct a coproc; from bash-4.0-devel tree - -dispose_cmd.c - - dispose coproc command; from bash-4.0-devel tree - -copy_cmd.c - - copy a coproc command; from bash-4.0-devel tree - -print_cmd.c - - print a coproc command; from bash-4.0-devel tree - -shell.c - - dispoe the current coproc on shell exit; from bash-4.0-devel tree - -redir.c - - when closing redirects as part of user redirections, check whether - or not active coprocess fds are being closed and close the coproc - if so; from bash-4.0-devel tree - -config.h.in - - add define for COPROCESS_SUPPORT to include coprocesses - -configure.in - - add support for configuring coprocesses into and out of the build - -jobs.c - - in waitchld, check whether or not a coproc processs has exited; - from the bash-4.0-devel tree - - 7/5 - --- -doc/bashref.texi - - document new --enable-coprocesses option that includes coprocess - support - -execute_cmd.c - - add functions for coprocess support, including execute_coproc and - code to call it when command->type == cm_coproc; from - bash-4.0-devel tree - -lib/sh/fdprintf.c - - new library function fdprintf(int fd, const char *format, ...); - printf to a file descriptor - -{configure,config.h}.in - - support for detecting fdprintf and compiling in replacement - -Makefile.in,lib/sh/Makefile.in - - add rules to include fdprintf.o - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - documented coprocesses and `coproc' reserved word - - 7/7 - --- -subst.c - - fix array_length_reference to use MB_STRLEN instead of STRLEN, so - multibyte characters in array values are computed correctly. Fixes - bug reported by Wang Xin - - 7/10 - ---- -jobs.c - - new function, maybe_give_terminal_to (old, new, flags), sets the - terminal pgrp to NEW if and only if it's currently set to OLD - - call maybe_give_terminal_to when the parent sets the terminal pgrp - to the pipeline pgrp in stop_pipeline, so we don't give the - terminal to the new job's pgrp unless it's currently owned by the - shell. Fixes race condition described by Joe Peterson - , where parent bash may change tty pgrp after a - grandchild (interactive bash child of su) has changed it to - something else. The call to maybe_give_terminal_to makes explicit - a previously-implicit assumption - -aclocal.m4 - - remove dependency on writable /tmp by creating directories in - build directory - -shell.c - - make changes to how bash sets no_line_editing and running_under_emacs - to deal with various emacs terminal emulators; use better check - for `eterm', since bash sends $PWD to eterm with control sequences - that confuse other programs. Problem reported by Micah Cowan - - - - 7/12 - ---- -print_cmd.c - - break code that prints here-documents into two functions: - print_heredoc_header, which prints the operator and delimiter, and - print_heredoc_body, which prints the body text and closing delimiter - - change print_redirection to call print_heredoc_{header,body} - - sentinel variable, printing_connection, used when printing a command - of type `connection' (|, &&, ||, etc.) - - change print_redirection_list to save any here documents it finds - while printing a connection and save them in `deferred_heredocs' - - new function, print_deferred_heredocs, called from print_redirection - in the cm_connection case, calls print_heredoc_header for all the - here documents, then prints the operator (|, &&, ||, etc.), then - the here-document body. This preserves syntactic correctness; the - old code printed the control operator after the body of the here - document. Fixes bug reported by - - 7/16 - ---- -locale.c - - in set_locale_var, print a warning message if setlocale() fails any - time it's called -- required some code restructuring - - 7/19 - ---- -support/shobj-conf - - support for mingw32, contributed by Carlo Bramix - - - 7/23 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - added support (currently unused) to manage a list of coprocs - - 7/25 - ---- -bashline.c - - add extern declarations for literal_history and force_append_history - -builtins/shopt.def - - include "bashhist.h" instead of having extern declarations for the - appropriate history variables - -parser.h - - new parser_state value: PST_HEREDOC, set when reading body of here- - document in parse.y:read_secondary_line - -parse.y - - set PST_HEREDOC bit in parser_state when reading a secondary line - for the body of a here-document - - change read_secondary_line to save lines in the body of a here- - document in the shell history list if remember_on_history is - set. Fixes bug reported by Gene Golub - - 8/4 - --- -configure.in - - changed to 4.0-alpha - -lib/readline/readline.h - - changed constants to reflect readline-6.0 version - - 8/11 - ---- -lib/readline/signals.c - - make sure we don't use SIGWINCH without checking whether or not it's - defined. Fix from Pedro Alves - - 8/12 - ---- - -COPYING - - updated to GPLv3; edits in every file with a copyright or license - declaration to update to gpl3 - -version.c - - update extended version info to latest gnu standard - - 8/17 - ---- -subst.c - - change exp_jump_to_top_level to only call top_level_cleanup if - parse_and_execute_level is 0. If it's not, the longjmp to - parse_and_execute will run the unwind-protect stack. Fixes bug - most recently reported by Roman Rakus - - 8/18 - ---- -support/config.{guess,sub} - - updated to newer versions from autoconf-2.62 distribution - - 8/20 - ---- -subst.c - - fixed parameter_brace_substring to differentiate between indexed and - associative arrays when computing second offset, instead of - assuming indexed array - - 8/21 - ---- -support/xcase.c - - simple program to convert input from lower to uppercase and vice - versa. Now used by coproc test suite, since `tr -u' is not - portable. - - 8/22 - ---- -doc/bash.1 - - fixed description of the bindable edit-and-execute commands to note - they check $VISUAL first, instead of $FCEDIT. Fixed bug reported - by - -[bash-4.0-alpha frozen] - - 8/28 - ---- -[bash-4.0-alpha released] - - 9/1 - --- -builtins/evalstring.c - - fixed typo in parse_string (ostring used uninitialized). Bug - reported by Andreas Schwab - -subst.c - - fix return value of parameter_brace_expand to set the - W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag in the returned WORD_DESC * if the return value - from parameter_brace_remove_pattern is a quoted null string. Fixes - bug reported by Andreas Schwab - - set the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag in the return value from - parameter_brace_expand if the return value from parameter_brace_patsub - is a quoted null string - - 9/6 - --- -builtins/read.def - - change read -t 0 to return success if there is input available to be - read -- allows scripts to poll for input. Uses input_avail libsh - function - - 9/9 - --- -externs.h - - fix extern fpurge declaration -- use HAVE_DECL_FPURGE instead of - NEED_FPURGE_DECL, since the former is set by `configure' - -jobs.h - - add extern declaration for close_pgrp_pipe - - add a new job state JNONE (-1) to the enum - -jobs.c - - include execute_cmd.h for extern declarations for coproc functions - -subst.c - - include builtins/builtext.h for extern declarations for functions - implementing builtins (e.g., declare_builtin) - -arrayfunc.c - - include "pathexp.h" for extern declaration for glob_char_p - -braces.c - - add extern declaration for `asprintf' - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - add extern declarations for _rl_trace, _rl_tropen - -lib/sh/zgetline.c - - add extern declarations for zread, zreadc - -lib/sh/mktime.c - - include "bashansi.h" for string function declarations - -builtins/common.h - - add extern declaration for parse_string - -trap.c - - include jobs.h for extern declaration for run_sigchld_trap - -general.c - - fix call to strtoimax in legal_number; if ep == string when function - returns, the number was not converted, even if errno is not set. - Fix from Paul Jarc - - 9/11 - ---- -[prayers for the victims of 9/11/2001] - -builtins/return.def - - call no_options, as Posix requires. This also has the effect of - disallowing negative return values unless they're prefixed by `--' - - 9/13 - ---- -builtins/bind.def - - add an error message when bind is used without line editing active, - instead of just returning an error status - -variables.c - - make sure make_local_variable never creates visible variables with - a value, whether or not a variable with the same name existed in a - previous context. This is consistent with ksh93. Fix from - - - 9/16 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - add call to CHECK_TERMSIG in shell_execve after the call to execve - returns. Recommended by Roman Rakus - - add QUIT check in execute_connection after executing first command - in a `&' connection - - 9/22 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - new semaphore variable, executing_list, incremented every time a - list (command1;command2 or command1 || command2 or command1 && - command2) is executed; used as sentinel for rest of shell - -sig.c,builtins/evalstring.c - - set executing_list to 0 when throwing execution back to top level; - make sure to unwind-protect it in appropriate places - -jobs.c - - if a pipeline is killed by SIGINT while executing a list (when - executing_list is non-zero), make sure the shell acts as if an - interrupt occurred. The behavior is dependent on the shell - compatibility level being > 32 (bash-4.0 and above) - - 9/23 - ---- -redir.c - - don't bother reporting an error with a file descriptor, even if - the errno is EBADF, if the redirection error (e.g., NOCLOBBER) - can't have anything to do with the fd. Fixes bug reported by - "David A. Harding" , debian bug #499633. - - 9/24 - ---- -builtins/declare.def - - make `declare [option] var' (and the `typeset' equivalent) create - invisible variables, instead of assigning the null string to a - visible variable. Fixes bug reported by Bernd Eggink - - 9/25 - ---- -builtins/common.[ch] - - new function, builtin_warning(), like builtin_error but for warning - messages - -builtins/bind.def - - experimental: print a warning, but go on, if line editing not active - when bind is invoked. Suggested by Rocky Bernstein - - - 10/3 - ---- -test.c - - use same_file instead of directly comparing st_dev and st_ino when - comparing files in filecomp(). From mingw32 patches submitted - by Hector Chu - - 10/4 - ---- - -redir.c - - in redirection_error(), use `error' instead of errno when comparing - against EBADF. From mingw32 patches submitted by Hector Chu - - -shell.c - - in unset_bash_input(), reset bash_input.type to st_none after - closing the default buffered fd. From mingw32 patches submitted - by Hector Chu - -builtins/cd.def - - ignore CDPATH when in privileged mode. Suggested by Paul Jarc - - -variables.c - - change sv_globignore to only act if privileged mode is not enabled. - Suggested by Paul Jarc - -doc/bash.1,bashref.texi - - document new treatment of CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE when privileged - mode is enabled - -builtins/read.def - - change prompt printing to occur after terminal is set to no-echo - mode. Based on suggestion from Stephane Chazelas - - -lib/readline/signals.c - - new variables to keep track of special characters corresponding to - SIGINT, SIGQUIT, and SIGTSTP - - new variable to keep track of whether tty is echoing control - characters corresponding to SIGINT, SIGQUIT, and SIGTSTP - - new function, _rl_echo_signal_char(int sig) to display the tty - special char generating SIGINT, SIGQUIT, or SIGTSTP. Based on - idea and code from Joe Peterson - - call rl_echo_signal_char in rl_signal_handler: if the terminal - settings indicate it, readline will echo characters that generate - keyboard signals - -lib/readline/rltty.c - - set _rl_intr_char, _rl_quit_char, and _rl_susp_char to special - characters that generate signals from keyboard - - set _rl_echoctl if ECHOCTL tty flag is set - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - extern declarations for _rl_intr_char, _rl_quit_char, and - _rl_susp_char - - extern declaration for _rl_echoctl - -lib/readline/readline.h - - extern declaration for rl_echo_signal_char() - -lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi - - document rl_echo_signal_handler(): available for applications - that install their own signal handlers - - 10/5 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - fix errexit logic to not cause the shell to exit when a command in - a pipeline fails. Fixes bug reported by Marcin Owsiany - - - 10/14 - ----- -builtins/evalstring.c - - don't short-circuit execution in parse_and_execute if we want to - run an exit trap. Fixes bug reported by Steffen Kiess - - - 10/18 - ----- -parse.y - - fix error production to only call YYACCEPT if the shell is currently - interactive and not in parse_and_execute (so parser errors in - things like eval will correctly set $?). Fixes bug reported by - marco-oweber@gmx.de - -execute_cmd.c - - make sure variable name errors in execute_for_command and non- - identifier function names in execute_intern_function set the - return status to EX_BADUSAGE (2), not EX_USAGE (258) - -parser.h - - new parser state, PST_REPARSE - -parse.y - - turn PST_REPARSE on in parse_string_to_word_list - - in parse_matched_pair, if parsing a single-quoted string and - PST_REPARSE is set, don't requote CTLESC or CTLNUL. Fixes bug with - compound array assignment using $'\x7f' reported by Antonio Macchi - - - 10/23 - ----- -configure.in - - define LOCAL_LDFLAGS as `-z interpose' on Solaris 8, 9, and 10 to - allow the bash malloc to interpose the libc malloc when called by - library functions pre-bound to the libc malloc. Suggested by - Serge Dussud - - 10/26 - ----- -doc/bash.1 - - add single-sentence descriptions to rest of parameter expansions. - Suggested by Ken Irving - - 10/27 - ----- -subst.c - - rearrange code in skip_to_delims to allow quote characters and other - shell expansion characters to be delimiters - - add new flags value for inverting search: skip to the next character - NOT in the set of delimiters passed as an argument - -subst.h - - define for new SD_INVERT flag value for skip_to_delims - - 10/28 - ----- -bashline.c - - new bindable functions: shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word. - Like forward-word and backward-word, but understand shell quoting - and use shell metacharacters and whitespace as delimiters. - Suggested by Andre Majorel - - new bindable functions: shell-kill-word and shell-backward-kill-word. - Like kill-word and backward-kill-word, but understand shell quoting - and use shell metacharacters and whitespace as delimiters. - Suggested by Andre Majorel - -doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi - - documented shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word - - documented shell-kill-word and shell-backward-kill-word - - 11/1 - ---- -redir.c - - add extra argument to add_undo_redirect: fdbase. FD used to save - a file descriptor must be > fdbase if fdbase >= SHELL_FD_BASE. A - value of -1 for fdbase means to just use SHELL_FD_BASE. Fixes bug - with 0<&10 reported by Clark Jian Wang - - 11/5 - ---- -unwind_prot.c - - new function: have_unwind_protects(); returns 1 if unwind_protect_list - is not empty - -unwind_prot.h - - extern declaration for have_unwind_protects - -builtins/evalstring.c - - in parse_and_execute_cleanup, make sure that we don't call - run_unwind_frame and expect it to decrement parse_and_execute_level - if there's no unwind_protect_list, since there's a while loop in - throw_to_top_level that calls parse_and_execute_cleanup as long as - parse_and_execute_level is non-zero - - 11/9 - ---- -variables.c - - fix the assign function for COMP_WORDBREAKS to allocate new memory - to store as the variable's value, to avoid freeing memory twice - if the variable is unset after rl_completer_word_break_characters - is freed and reallocated. Fix from Mike Stroyan - - 11/20 - ----- -general.c - - new 'file_exists(fn)' primitive; just calls stat(2) - -general.h - - new extern declaration for file_exists - -bashline.c - - add `~' to rl_filename_quote_characters so make_quoted_replacement - will call bash_quote_filename for words containing `~'. Then - bash_quote_filename can make choices based on that - - change quote_word_break_chars to backslash-quote the tilde in a - filename with a leading tilde that exists in the current directory, - since we want to inhibit tilde expansion in this case - -execute_cmd.c - - call file_isdir from shell_execve instead of stat(2) directly - -bashhist.c - - use file_exists and file_isdir primitives instead of calling stat - - 11/21 - ----- -redir.c - - When undoing saving of non-standard file descriptors (>=3) using - file descriptors >= SHELL_FD_BASE, we set the saving fd to be - close-on-exec and use a flag (RX_SAVCLEXEC) to decide how to set - close-on-exec when the fd is restored. Set flag in add_undo_redirect, - check in do_redirection_internal. Fixes problem reported by Andreas - Schwab - - 11/26 - ----- -subst.c - - fix param_expand to have expansions of $@ and $* exit the shell if - there are no positional parameters and `set -u' is enabled. Fixes - bug reported by Dan Jacobson - - 11/27 - ----- -lib/readline/display.c - - fix update_line to not call space_to_eol if current cursor position - (_rl_last_c_pos) indicates that we're already at end of line. - Partial fix for bug reported by Mike Frysinger - - in update_line, don't call insert_some_chars if that will start - before the last invisible character in the prompt string and not - draw the entire prompt string. More of the partial fix for bug - reported by Mike Frysinger - - fix update_line to adjust _rl_last_c_pos by wrap_offset when adding - characters beginning before the last invisible character in the - prompt. New code is same as previously existed in a different code - path. Rest of fix for bug from Mike Frysinger - - fix assignment of newline breaks (inv_lbreaks) to correctly account - for prompts longer than two screen lines containing invisible - characters. The assumption is that part of the invisible characters - are on the first line (prompt_invis_chars_first_line) and the - remainder are on the last (wrap_offset - prompt_invis_chars_first_line). - Fix is in rl_redisplay. part of fix for bug reported by - "Wesley J. Landaker" in - http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=265182 - [TENTATIVE] - - fix _rl_move_cursor_relative to correctly offset `dpos' by `woff' - when there are invisible characters on lines after the second by - using (_rl_screenwidth*_rl_last_v_pos) when seeing whether or not - we just wrote some invisible characters. Rest of fix for bug - reported in http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=265182 - [TENTATIVE] - - 12/11 - ----- -sig.c - - reset the execution context before running the exit trap in - termsig_handler - -general.c - - set and unset terminate_immediately like interrupt_immediately in - bash_tilde_expand - -builtins/read.def - - change terminate_immediately to a counter instead of a flag, as - interrupt_immediately is used - -lib/readline/display.c - - slight change to fix from 11/27 to deal with prompts longer than a - screen line where the invisible characters all appear after the - line wrap. Fixes bug reported by Andreas Schwab - -builtins/{echo,printf}.def - - increment terminate_immediately at entry; decrement before returning. - Fix for bug reported by Ralf.Wildenhues@gmx.de - - 12/16 - ----- -subst.c - - fix off-by-one error in /dev/fd version of add_fifo_list; make - sure we add to totfds when it is == fd, not just when fd > totfds. - Fixes bug reported by marciso@gmail.com - -[bash-4.0-beta2 frozen] - - 12/29 - ----- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document more clearly that when not in Posix mode, command - substitution does not inherit the -e option. From bug report from - Freddy Vulto - -{execute_cmd,sig,builtins/evalstring}.c - - sentinel variable to keep track of whether or not we're supposed to - ignore the failure status of a command executed in a command - substitution even if the `-e' option is set: comsub_ignore_return - - increment and decrement comsub_ignore_return in execute_simple_command - before calling expand_words - - in parse_and_execute, if comsub_ignore_return is non-zero and the - SUBSHELL_COMSUB bit is set in subshell_environment, enable the - CMD_IGNORE_RETURN flag in every command executed from the passed - string. Fixes problem reported by Freddy Vulto - - make sure to reset comsub_ignore_return every time we throw to the - top level, like executing_list flag - - 1/2/2009 - -------- -parse.y - - fix to rewind_input_stream to handle case of $(...) command - substitution followed by a quoted literal newline. Report and fix - from Andreas Schwab - - 1/7 - --- - -subst.c - - fix match_wpattern and match_upattern to prefix a `*' to the - pattern even if it starts with a `*(' (if extglob is enabled) - before checking whether or not it can match anywhere in the - string. Fixes bug reported by os@sernet.de. - -[bash-4.0-rc1 frozen] - - 1/9 - --- -locale.c - - since setlocale() doesn't set errno to anything meaningful, - don't include the strerror() result in the error message if - it fails - - make sure the error messages printed when setlocale fails are - localizable - - 1/11 - ---- -lib/readline/histexpand.c - - make sure that every time history_no_expand_chars is tested, we - also call the history_inhibit_expansion_function if it's set. - Fixes bug reported by Yang Zhang - - 1/12 - ---- -trap.c - - make sure to call parse_and_execute with the SEVAL_RESETLINE bit - set in the flags so it will reset the line number when running - the trap commands. Partial fix for bug reported by - peter360@fastmail.us - - 1/14 - ---- -builtins/reserved.def - - document `coproc' so it can be used with `help' builtin. Pointed - out by Pierre Gaston - -lib/sh/casemod.c - - added two new flags: CASE_UPFIRST and CASE_LOWFIRST to casemod - the first character of the passed string and pass the rest - through unchanged. Fixes bug reported by Jan Schampera - - -externs.h - - new defines for CASE_UPFIRST and CASE_LOWFIRST - -subst.c - - use CASE_UPFIRST for ^ and CASE_LOWFIRST for , casemod operators - -builtins/mapfile.def - - call zreset() before calling first zgetline(), to clean out any - remaining data in local buffer used by zreadc. Fixes bug - reported by Pierre Gaston - - 1/15 - ---- -lib/sh/zread.c - - renamed zreadintr to zreadretry -- not perfect, but better - - new functions: zreadintr, which just calls read so it can be - interruptible, and zreadcintr, which is like zreadc but uses - zreadintr to fill the buffer - -lib/sh/zgetline.c - - in zgetline, when zread/zreadc return <= 0, make sure line is - non-null before assigning to line[nr] - -builtins/mapfile.def - - return an error right away if the supplied array variable name - refers to a readonly or noassign array - - set interrupt_immediately so calls to zgetline can be - interrupted. Fixes bug reported by Pierre Gaston - - - if interactive, pass the SEVAL_INTERACT and SEVAL_NOHIST flags - to parse_and_execute when calling callbacks. Fixes bug reported - by Pierre Gaston - - add `readarray' as a synonym for mapfile - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document behavior of mapfile builtin adding index of array element - to be assigned as additional argument to callback string. Reported - by Pierre Gaston - - document readarray as synonym for mapfile - -builtins/common.c - - new error function, sh_ttyerror(set), prints an error message having - to do with setting or getting terminal attributes - -builtins/read.def - - print error message if read fails to set terminal attributes - - 1/16 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - new function, coproc_reap, calls coproc_dispose if sh_coproc is - marked as COPROC_DEAD - - new function, cpl_reap, disposes coprocs marked as COPROC_DEAD - from coproc list - - change coproc_pidchk to just mark the coproc as dead instead of - calling coproc_dispose, so we don't call unsafe functions from - a signal handler. Fixes bug reported by Andreas Schwab - - -execute_cmd.h - - new extern declaration for coproc_reap - -command.h - - new flags for c_flags member of a struct coproc - -{jobs,nojobs}.c - - add call to coproc_reap in cleanup_dead_jobs, which will do the - right queueing or blocking of SIGCHLD - -trap.c - - modify change from 1/12 to not reset the line number when running - the DEBUG and RETURN traps - - 1/18 - ---- -lib/sh/casemod.c - - change default operations to work on entire passed string instead - of breaking into words at non-alpha-numerics. Use new - CASE_USEWORDS flag to enable by-word behavior. Fixes bug reported - by Jan Schampera - -builtins/printf.def - - in vbprintf, bracket each call to vsnprintf (which uses the args - passed to vbprintf) with SH_VA_START and va_end, so we can - reninitialize the argument list for each call. This is actually - what the C standard requires. Fixes bug that caused printf -b - to `ignore' first % format specifier if it came first in the - string. Reported by David Leverton - -builtins/mapfile.def - - start the line count at 1, since it doesn't get incremented before - (or after) reading the first line, so things like - `mapfile -n 5 -c 1 -C 'echo foo' array < file' work right and call - the callback after the first line is read. Fixes bug reported by - Pierre Gaston - - 1/22 - ---- -lib/readline/complete.c - - set _rl_interrupt_immediately non-zero before reading from the file - system or calling an application-defined completion function - -lib/readline/signals.c - - renamed rl_signal_handler to _rl_handle_signal; new version of - rl_signal_handler that just calls _rl_handle_signal (for now) - - new function _rl_signal_handler that calls _rl_handle_signal without - any checking - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - new extern declaration for _rl_signal_handler - - new define, RL_CHECK_SIGNALS, checks whether or not _rl_caught_signal - is set and calls _rl_signal_handler if so - -lib/readline/{bind,input,readline}.c - - add RL_CHECK_SIGNALS in appropriate places - -lib/readline/signals.c - - change rl_signal_handler to set a flag and return rather than - run through the entire signal handling process. If - _rl_interrupt_immediately is set, call the signal handling code - right away instead of setting the flag. Initial fix for crash - bug reported by Roman Rakus - -aclocal.m4 - - new macro, BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T, tests for sig_atomic_t in - , defines as int if not defined - -configure.in - - call BASH_TYPE_SIG_ATOMIC_T - - call AC_C_VOLATILE - -config.h.in - - empty define for sig_atomic_t - - empty define for volatile - - 1/27 - ---- -subst.c - - audit calls to add_character and change to add_ifs_character (which - quotes characters in $IFS). Affects primarily `:', `=', and `~'. - Fixes bug reported by Jan Schampera ; fix - suggested by Stephane Chazelas - - 2/1 - --- -configure.in - - call AC_C_RESTRICT - -config.h.in - - add empty defintion for `restrict' - -pcomplete.c - - use unwind_protects around call to execute_shell_function in - gen_shell_function_matches to prevent data corruption if - throw_to_top_level is called. Bug report and fix from - werner@suse.de. - -execute_cmd.c - - don't clamp CPU usage at 100% in print_formatted_time. Bug reported - by Linda Walsh - - 2/5 - --- -locale.c - - in set_locale_var, set errno to 0 before calling setlocale(), and - print strerror (errno) if setlocale fails and errno ends up non-zero - - 2/6 - --- -configure.in - - backed out of solaris change from 10/23/2008 (adding `-z interpose' - to LDFLAGS) due to solaris updates to fix a linker problem. - Updatted by Serge Dussud - - 2/12 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - change execute_connection so failure of a pipeline will cause the - shell to exit if -e is on. From discussion on austin-group - mailing list - - change execute_command_internal so failure of a user-specified - subshell will cause the shell to exit if -e is on. From discussion - on austin-group mailing list - - 2/13 - ---- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - clarified description of set -e option to accurately reflect current - implementation - - 2/19 - ---- -print_cmd.c - - fix print_deferred_heredocs to not print a space if the separator - string is null - - change print_deferred_heredocs to set `was_heredoc' after printing - something - - change connection printing code to only print the `;' separator - if we haven't just printed a here-document - - change connection printing code to print any deferred here - documents after the rhs of the connection. Fixes bug reported by - Bo Andresen - -[bash-4.0 frozen] - - 2/20 - ---- - -[bash-4.0 released] - - 2/22 - ---- - -parse.y - - fix parse_comsub to not test a character for being a possible shell - metacharacter if LEX_PASSNEXT flag is set. Fixes bug reported by - Mike Frysinger - -pcomplete.c - - add call to save_parser_state (accidentally dropped from patch) to - gen_shell_function_matches. Fixes bug with bash_completion and - file/directory completion reported by phil@Arcturus.universe - -Makefile.in - - fix assignment to LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD to match those in subdir - Makefiles. Fixes bug reported by Mike Frysinger - -builtins/mapfile.def - - make sure the callback quantum (-c option argument) is > 0. Fixes - bug reported by Stephane Chazleas - - 2/23 - ---- -parse.y - - fix save_token_state and restore_token_state to save and restore - current_token. Fixes bug reported by Bernd Eggink - - -builtins/exit.def - - check jobs[i] before checking whether or not it's running when - the checkjobs option is set and we're looking for running jobs - at exit. Fixes bug reported by Mike Frysinger - - 2/24 - ---- -siglist.c - - include bashintl.h for definition of _. Fixes bug reported by - Greg Wooledge - - 2/25 - ---- -subst.c - - new function, skip_matched_pair. Similar to skip_to_delim and - the extract_XXX family - - move skipsubscript here from arrayfunc.c; re-implement in terms of - skip_matched_pair. Fixes bugs reported by - -arrayfunc.c - - remove skipsubscript; moved to subst.c - -parse.y - - change reset_parser to set current_token to '\n'. Rest of fix for - bug reported by Bernd Eggink ; earlier fix on - 2/23 - - 2/26 - ---- -builtins/declare.def - - when given something like array[x]=y (which sets making_array_special - to 1), don't convert an associative array to an indexed array (line - 493). Part of fix for bug reported by Pierre Gaston - - - if offset == 0, indicating that we do not have a valid assignment, - make sure any `name' containing a `[' is a valid array reference - before trying to go on. Not doing this leads to creating crazy - variables like `name[foo[bar]=bax'. Rest of fix for bug reported - by Pierre Gaston - -assoc.c - - change assoc_to_assign to single-quote the array keys if `quoted' is - non-zero. Makes things easier to read with weird characters in the - key - -parse.y - - fix parse_comsub to not set LEX_HEREDELIM when it sees "<<<". Fixes - bug reported by Mike Frysinger - - 2/27 - ---- -parse.y - - fix report_syntax_error to set last_command_exit_value to - EX_BADUSAGE (2) instead of EX_USAGE (258), since there's nothing - that will translate that to something < 128 before reading the - next command. Partial fix for bug reported by Mike Frysinger - - -sig.c - - fix sigint_sighandler to set last_command_exit_value to sig+128 - before calling throw_to_top_level. Rest of fix for bug reported - by Mike Frysinger - -jobs.c - - if fork() fails, set last_command_exit_value to 126 before calling - throw_to_top_level - -execute_cmd.c - - defer calling unlink_fifo_list in parent branch of - execute_disk_command if we're executing in a shell function - - change execute_function to call unlink_fifo_list before returning - if it's the top-level function - - 3/2 - --- -builtins/read.def - - if read times out, make sure we remove the top element from the - unwind-protect stack (the free of input_string) and run the rest, - to reset the tty and readline and alarm states. Then we jump to - assigning the variables to any partial input. Fixes bug reported - by Christopher F. A. Johnson - - 3/3 - --- -parse.y - - break comment checking code into a common COMMENT_BEGIN define so - we can use it in multiple places in parse_comsub - - in parse_comsub, don't alter the LEX_RESWDOK flag if we read a - `#' and we're checking comments, even though `#' isn't a `shell break' - character. Fixes bug reported by Mike Frysinger - -braces.c - - in expand_seqterm, decrease the total length of the rhs by the length - of any (optional) increment, so we don't end up with unwanted zero - padding because the rhs length is wrong. Fixes bug reported by - Carl Albing - - 3/4 - --- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - changes to clean up some of the language describing the effects of - terminal process groups on the ability to read from and write to - the terminal - - 3/5 - --- -support/shobj-conf - - add host_vendor to string tested in switch to handle things like - gentoo/freebsd - - beginning with version 7, FreeBSD no longer has /usr/bin/objformat - or a.out binaries and libraries. It's always ELF. Fix from - Timothy Redaelli - -parse.y - - in parse_comsub, allow comments if we are ready to read a - reserved word (tflags & LEX_RESWDOK), haven't read anything from - one yet (lex_rwlen == 0) and the current character is a '#' - - 3/6 - --- -parse.y - - new lex flag for parse_comsub: LEX_INWORD. Turn it off when - we see a shell break character; turn it on or keep it on when - not a break character. Keep track of word length (reset to 0 - when we turn on LEX_INWORD when it was off). - - don't use COMMENT_BEGIN in parse_comsub any more; test - whether or not LEX_INWORD is set and lex_wlen == 0 in addition - to tests for LEX_RESWDOK and lex_rwlen. Comments are valid - when at the start of a word - - move LEX_PASSNEXT code to the top of parse_comsub, so the rest - of the function doesn't have to check for the flag at different - places - - 3/7 - --- -parse.y - - in parse_comsub, when looking for a reserved word (LEX_RESWDOK - non-zero), and in a case statement, we can see either an esac - or a pattern list. We handle an esac separately. We should - turn off LEX_RESWDOK if we see anything but a newline, since - we'll be reading a pattern list. Other part of fix for bug - reported by Mike Frysinger (rest of fix - on 3/3) - - 3/10 - ---- -{.,lib/readline}/doc/fdl.texi - - updated to FDL version 1.3 - - 3/11 - ---- -parse.y - - when using the |& construct with a simple command preceding it, add - the implicit redirection to the simple command's redirection list, - since the redirections associated with the command struct are never - executed. Fixes bug reported by Matt Zyzik - - 3/14 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - in execute_case_command, if ;& is used with no following pattern - list, make sure we don't reference a NULL pointer. Bug report and - fix from Clark Jian Wang - -parse.y - - make parser_state global, so other files can use it - - command_word_acceptable now returns non-zero if PST_REDIRLIST bit - set in parser_state, so we accept assignment statements and - perform alias expansion. Fix for bug reported by Vincent - Lefevre (2/24/2009) - -parser.h - - add PST_REDIRLIST flag, notes that parser is currently parsing a - redirection list preceding a simple command - -make_cmd.c - - make_simple_command now turns on PST_REDIRLIST in parser_state when - creating a new simple command - - make_simple_command turns off PST_REDIRLIST in parser_state if it - adds a non-redirection to the command it's building - - clean_simple_command turns off PST_REDIRLIST to make sure it's off - -subst.c - - new flag for param_expand: PF_IGNUNBOUND, means to not exit if the - variable is unbound even if `set -u' is enabled - - change param_expand to not call err_unboundvar if the `pflags' - argument has the PF_IGNUNBOUND bit set - - parameter_brace_expand_word now takes an extra `pflags' argument to - pass down to param_expand; changed callers - - changed call to parameter_brace_expand_word in parameter_brace_expand - to add PF_IGNUNBOUND flag so ${@:-foo} doesn't cause the shell to - exit (but ${@} does) when there are no positional parameters. Fixes - Debian bug 519165 from Dan Jacobson - -parse.y - - add code to parse_comsub to allow here-documents within command - substitutions to be delimited by the closing right paren, with the - usual warning about here documents delimited by EOF on execution. - Fixes regression from bash-3.2 noted in Red Hat bugzilla 485664 by - Ralf Corsepius - - 3/15 - ---- -subst.c - - string_list_dollar_at now checks for Q_PATQUOTE, which getpattern() - uses to denote Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES (?). Fixes a=abcd echo "${a#$*}" - when IFS= and args are `a b' as noted by Stephane Chazleas - - - param_expand now checks for Q_PATQUOTE and treats it identically - to Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES when expanding $* - - expand_word_unsplit now sets W_NOSPLIT in the flags of the word it - passes to expand_word_internal if $IFS is NULL - - expand_word_leave_quoted now sets expand_no_split_dollar_star and - the W_NOSPLIT bit in the word flags before calling - expand_word_internal if $IFS is NULL, just like expand_word_unsplit. - It is now virtually identical to expand_word_unsplit. Rest of fix for - problems reported by Stephane Chazleas - - 3/20 - ---- -trap.c - - in _run_trap_internal, don't pass SEVAL_RESETLINE as flag to - parse_and_execute if running the ERR trap (further modification - of change from 1/12) - -execute_cmd.c - - in execute_simple_command, set line_number to line_number_for_err_trap - before calling run_error_trap. Part of fix for bug reported by - Brian J. Murrell - - change other places calling run_error_trap() to set and use - line_number_for_err_trap - - 3/21 - ---- -builtins/fc.def - - Even though command substitution through parse_and_execute turns - off remember_on_history, command substitution in a shell when - set -o history has been enabled (interactive or not) should use it - in the last_hist calculation as if it were on. Same calculation - in fc_gethnum and fc_builtin. Fixes bug reported by - Ian Kelling - -sig.c - - change termsig_sighandler to terminate immediately if it gets called - twice with the same signal before termsig_handler gets called. This - fixes the `looping on SIGSEGV' phenomenon reported by Linux users. - -parse.y - - in read_secondary_line, don't try to add NULL lines to the history - list. Report and patch from Lubomir Rintel - - 3/22 - ---- -sig.c - - Augment change from 3/21 with explicit check for signals we *don't* - want this to happen for. Patch from Lubomir Rintel - - 3/28 - ---- -array.c - - in array_reference, return NULL immediately if the desired index - is larger than the maximum - - add cache of last array referenced and last array element referenced; - use in array_reference to optimize case of sequential access; - invalidated where necessary in other functions - - array_rshift needs to set max_index to 0 if the array was empty - before shifting in the new element 0 - - array_shift needs to use element_index(a->head->prev) to set the - max_index, not a simple decrement, to deal with sparse arrays - - 4/1 - --- -bashline.c - - in bash_dequote_filename, return right away after copying the - backslash if the last character in the string to be expanded - is a backslash. The old code copied an extra NUL and overwrote - the bounds checking. Fixes bug reported by Shawn Starr - https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=488649 - - 4/3 - --- -subst.c - - in pat_subst.c, make sure to copy one character from the input - string in the case of a null pattern match, since we substitute - on the null match and then increment past the current character. - Not doing this means that each character of the original string - is replaced because of the null matches. Fixes debian bug - reported bhy Louis-David Mitterrand - http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=522160 - -lib/sh/winsize.c - - incorporate contents of readline/rlwinsize.h to get all the various - system dependencies right when trying to find TIOCGWINSZ. Fixes - bug reported by Dan Price - - 4/6 - --- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - fix description of conditional `>' and `<' to remove statement that - the comparison pays attention to the current locale -- it has - always used strcmp - -lib/glob/glob.c - - fixed a bug in glob_filename that caused glob_dir_to_array to be - called to prepend a (globbed) directory name onto the results from - glob_vector, which, if we were globbing `**', glob_vector has - already done. Effect is to have the directory name(s) on there - twice. Fixes "dir*/**" bug reported by Matt Zyzik - - - 4/8 - --- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - fix short syntax summary of for command to reflect full bash - syntax (which is a superset of Posix syntax). Fixes bug reported - by Reuben Thomas - - 4/10 - ---- -{expr,subst}.c - - make sure last_command_exit_value is set to EXECUTION_FAILURE - before calling err_unboundvar, in case set -e is enabled and - the shell exits from there. Fixes bug reported by Freddy - Vulto and Piotr Zielinski - - - 4/11 - ---- -jobs.c - - in restore_pipeline, don't call discard_pipeline with a NULL - argument - -trap.c - - in run_debug_trap, make sure to save and restore the pipeline, - pipeline_pgrp, and state of the pipeline around running the debug - trap, then remove any job created by running the debug trap from - the jobs table when it completes. Fixes for two bugs reported - by lex@upc.ua - - 4/12 - ---- -lib/readline/signals.c - - new functions to block and release SIGWINCH like the SIGINT blocking - and releasing functions - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - new extern declarations for _rl_block_sigwinch and _rl_release_sigwinch - -lib/readline/display.c - - block SIGWINCH during redisplay like SIGINT. Should fix bug reported - by Nicolai Lissner - - 4/13 - ---- -lib/readline/readline.h - - new readline state variable: RL_STATE_REDISPLAYING - -lib/readline/display.c - - in rl_redisplay, don't block SIGWINCH during redisplay; just set - the REDISPLAYING state - -lib/readline/terminal.c - - in rl_resize_terminal, don't call rl_redisplay_after_sigwinch() if - we're already in the middle of redisplay (RL_STATE_REDISPLAYING). - Fix for bug reported by Nicolai Lissner - - 4/15 - ---- -parse.y - - fix parse_comsub to add check for \n when seeing whether the current - character can change to a state where a reserved word is legal, - since it is not a shell meta character. Fixes bug reported by - Bernd Eggink . - - 4/17 - ---- -jobs.c - - new functions to save and restore the pgrp_pipe (since there's only - one): save_pgrp_pipe and restore_pgrp_pipe - -trap.c - - run_debug_trap now saves and restores the pgrp_pipe before and - after calling the debug trap - - run_debug_trap now makes sure the terminal is owned by the pipeline - pgrp after the debug trap runs. Rest of fix for bug reported by - Oleksly Melnyk (lex@upc.ca) - - 4/19 - ---- -include/posixselect.h - - new include file, encapsulates select(2) includes and defines for - bash and readline. Inspired by patch from Mike Frysinger - - -lib/sh/input_avail.c - - include "posixselect.h" - -lib/readline/{input,parens}.c - - include "posixselect.h" instead of using inline includes - - use new USEC_TO_TIMEVAL define to make sure that values for timeouts - greater than one second are handled properly - -lib/sh/fpurge.c - - updated implementation, taken from gnulib - - 4/21 - ---- -lib/glob/glob.c - - in finddirs, don't try to free a return value of glob_error_return - from glob_vector. Bug and fix from werner@suse.de - -lib/readline/signals.c - - in rl_echo_signal_char, check that SIGQUIT and SIGTSTP are defined - before trying to use them. Bug report and fix from Volker Grabsch - - - 4/24 - ---- -aclocal.m4 - - add conditional inclusion of to BASH_CHECK_TYPE - -bashtypes.h,lib/sh/strto[iu]max.c - - include if present for any existing declaration of - intmax_t and uintmax_t. Fixes Interix problem reported by - Markus Duft - -lib/sh/strindex.c,externs.h,builtins/common.h - - renamed strindex to strcasestr to agree with other implementations - (e.g., BSD, MacOS X, gnulib); changed callers - -lib/sh/{strindex.c,Makefile.in},Makefile.in - - renamed strindex.c to strcasestr.c - -configure.in - - add strcasestr to call to AC_REPLACE_FUNCS, take advantage of - existing libc implementations - -config.h.in - - add define for HAVE_STRCASESTR - -lib/sh/mbscmp.c - - fix mbscmp to return correct values when the strings do not contain - valid multibyte characters. Ideas from gnulib - -xstrchr.c - - only compare current character against C if mblength == 1 - -{shell,variables}.c - - changed some xstrchr calls back to strchr when the arguments cannot - contain multibyte characters - -lib/sh/{xstrchr.c,Makefile.in},Makefile.in - - renamed xstrchr to mbschr; renamed file to mbschr.c - -aclocal.m4 - - change BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE to use AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(mbschr) - -externs.h - - extern declarations for mbscmp and mbschr, conditional on the usual - HAVE_MBSCMP and HAVE_MBSCHR defines - -general.h,{alias,arrayfunc,bashline,general,execute_cmd,subst}.c - - changed calls to xstrchr to mbschr - -doc/bash.1 - - use `pathname expansion' consistently, not `filename expansion' or - `filename generation' - -doc/bashref.texi - - use the phrase `filename expansion' consistently (since this is - what the Gnu people prefer) instead of `pathname expansion' or - `filename generation' - -aclocal.m4,config.h.in - - check for mbscasecmp in BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE, define HAVE_MBSCASECMP - if found - -lib/sh/{mbscasecmp.c,Makefile.in} - - new file, case-insensitive multibyte string comparison - -externs.h - - extern declaration for mbscasecmp - - 4/25 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, don't adjust dpos by woff if it's - already less than woff (don't want it less than 0) - - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, short-circuit right away if the cursor - is at columns 0 and `new' is 0 (doesn't matter if it's a multibyte - locale or not, or whether there are invisible chars in the prompt) - - in _rl_move_cursor_relative, go ahead and adjust dpos if - prompt_physical_chars >= _rl_screenwidth (previous check was just > ) - Fixes bug reported by Andreas Schwab - - 4/28 - ---- -lib/glob/glob.c - - in glob_vector, don't add an empty pathname ("") if we're adding the - currect directory to the dirlist and GX_NULLDIR is set -- we can just - ignore it, since the passed directory name (".") was created by - the caller. Fixes bug reported by Matt Zyzik - - 5/5 - --- -subst.c - - make expansion of $@ and $* when set -u is in effect and there are - no positional parameters be a non-fatal error. This is the - consensus of the austin group, though it is not historical practice. - Message from Geoff Clare <20090505091501.GA10097@squonk.masqnet> of - 5 May 2009 and http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=155 - - - 5/20 - ---- -lib/glob/glob.c - - tentative fix to glob_filename to compensate for glob_vector putting - null pathname at front of result vector when dflags&GX_NULLDIR. - Current fix manually removes empty string element from front of - result vector; a better fix would be to use a flag so glob_vector - doesn't add it at all. Augments patch from 4/28, which appears to - have broken some things. Fixes bug reported by Matt Zyzik - - - 5/22 - ---- - -lib/glob/glob.c - - better fix for glob_filename; supersedes patch of 5/20. Now the - code does not set GX_ADDCURDIR if directory_len == 0 and the - function has not been called recursively ((flags & GX_ALLDIRS) == 0). - Better fix for bug reported by Matt Zyzik - -Makefile.in - - fix build race condition that occurs in some makes caused by - libreadline.a and libhistory.a containing some of the same files - (e.g., xmalloc.o) and conflicting when trying to build both at - the same time. Reported by Mike Frysinger - - 5/25 - ---- -lib/readline/vi_mode.c - - fix _rl_vi_initialize_line so that the loop counter is not - unsigned (it doesn't matter, but it eliminates a compiler warning). - Bug reported by Dave Caroline - - 5/26 - ---- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - add text to the description of array variables making it clear - that an array variable is not considered set until a subscript - has been assigned a value - - 5/29 - ---- -lib/readline/text.c - - fix rl_change_case to handle case where mbrtowc doesn't find a - valid multibyte character - -lib/readline/vi_mode.c - - fix _rl_vi_change_mbchar_case to handle case where mbrtowc doesn't - find a valid multibyte character - -lib/sh/casemod.c - - fix sh_modcase to handle case where mbrtowc doesn't find a valid - multibyte character - -lib/readline/mbutil.c - - fix _rl_find_next_mbchar_internal to not call mbrtowc at the end of - the string, since implementations return different values -- just - break the loop immediately - -lib/readline/display.c - - fix rl_redisplay to make same sort of cursor position adjustments - based on multibyte locale and _rl_last_c_pos when performing - horizontal scrolling rather than line wrapping. Probably still - more to do. Fixes bug reported by jim@jim.sh - - 6/5 - --- -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - added some more explanation of the inheritance of the ERR trap at - the suggestion of Thomas Pospisek - -findcmd.c - - use eaccess(2) if available in file_status to take other file - access mechanisms such as ACLs into account. Patch supplied - by werner@suse.de - - 6/12 - ---- -xmalloc.c - - also calculate lowest brk() value the first time xmalloc/xrealloc - (and their sh_ counterparts) are called - - error messages consolidated into a single function (allocerr/ - sh_allocerr) to avoid string duplication - - 6/16 - ---- -variables.c - - changes to allow variables.c to be compiled if ALIAS is not defined. - Bug and fix from John Gatewood Ham - -lib/sh/getcwd.c - - fix so systems defining BROKEN_DIRENT_D_INO have the necessary - defines. Fix from Jay Krell - -configure.in - - add -D_ALL_SOURCE to interix CFLAGS for struct timezone definition. - Bug and fix from John Gatewood Ham - - 6/29 - ---- -variables.c - - change initialize_shell_variables to add environment variables with - invalid names to the variables hash table, but marking them as - invisible and imported - - new function, export_environment_candidate. Used when creating the - export environment for commands to include variables with invalid - names inherited from the initial environment. Apparently this - behavior is widespread - - change make_var_export_array to use export_environment_candidate - rather than visible_and_exported to test variables for inclusion - in the export environment - - 7/1 - --- -builtins/read.def - - fix a memory leak where the number of fields is not the same as - the number of variables passed to `read'. Bug report from - werner@suse.de - -builtins/command.def - - move section of code that sets PATH from -p option before the - verbose-handling section, so command -v and command -V honor - the PATH set by command -p. Bug report and fix from - ohki@gssm.otsuka.tsukuba.ac.jp - - 7/9 - --- -subst.c - - change brace_expand_word_list to defer brace expansion on compound - array assignments that are arguments to builtins like `declare', - deferring the expansion until the assignment statement is processed. - Fixes inconsistency reported by agriffis@n01se.net - - 7/16 - ---- -bashline.c - - fix bash_execute_unix_command to set rl_point correctly based on - READLINE_POINT. The old method of using save_point will not - work because maybe_make_readline_line will change rl_point. Bug - reported by Henning Bekel - -trap.c - - fix _run_trap_internal and run_pending_traps to save and restore - value of subst_assign_varlist so the dispose_words on it doesn't - leave dangling pointers after the trap handler runs. Fixes bug - reported by Marc Herbert - - 7/22 - ---- -subst.c - - fix off-by-one error in pos_params when computing positional - parameters beginning with index 0. Bug and fix from Isaac Good - - - 7/24 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - add code to _rl_move_cursor_relative and _rl_col_width to short- - circuit a few special cases: prompt string and prompt string plus - line contents, both starting from 0. Saves a bunch of calls to - multibyte character functions using already-computed information. - As a side effect, fixes bug reported by Lasse Karkkainen - - -subst.c - - fixed a problem in split_at_delims that could leave *cwp set to -1 - if the line ends in IFS whitespace and SENTINEL is one of those - whitespace characters. Fixes problem with setting COMP_CWORD for - programmable completion reported by Ville Skytta - -bashline.c - - change bash_execute_unix_command to clear the current line (if the - terminal supplies the "ce" attribute) instead of moving to a new - line. Inspired by report from Henning Bekel - -builtins/printf.def - - changes to allow printf -v var to assign to array indices, the way - the read builtin can. Suggested by Christopher F. A. Johnson - - -lib/readline/complete.c - - fix rl_old_menu_complete and rl_menu_complete to appropriately set - and unset RL_STATE_COMPLETING while generating the list of matches. - Fixes debian bug #538013 reported by Jerome Reybert - - - 7/25 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - change execute_builtin to temporarily turn off and restore the ERR - trap for the eval/source/command builtins in the same way as we - temporarily disable and restore the setting of the -e option. - Fixes bug reported by Henning Garus - - 7/27 - ---- -shell.c - - add fflush(stdout) and fflush(stderr) to exit_shell before closing - any file descriptors at exit time (e.g., coproc pipes) - - 7/30 - ---- -lib/readline/complete.c - - new function rl_backward_menu_complete, just passes negative count - argument to rl_menu_complete - - change rl_menu_complete to act appropriately if rl_last_command is - rl_backward_menu_complete, so we can cycle forward and backward - through the list of completions - -lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi},doc/bash.1 - - document new "menu-complete-backward" bindable readline function. - Suggested by Jason Spiro - -lib/readline/vi_keymap.c - - add binding of C-n to menu-complete and C-p to menu-complete-backward - in vi-insert keymap, as suggested by Jason Spiro - - -pcomplete.c - - fixed a bug in programmable_completions: the options it returned from - the compspec it found were set before generating the completions, - which meant that any changes made by "compopt" were overridden and - only in effect for the duration of the executing shell function - rather than the entire completion. Fixes bug reported by Ville - Skytta - - 7/31 - ---- -lib/readline/keymaps.c - - fixed memory leak in rl_discard_keymap by freeing storage associated - with hierarchical keymaps - - new convenience function, rl_free_keymap, that calls rl_discard_keymap - and frees the keymap passed as an argument - -lib/readline/util.c - - new bindable keymap function, _rl_null_function, to be used internally - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - extern declaration for _rl_null_function - -lib/readline/bind.c - - fix rl_generic_bind in the case where we are trying to override a - keymap with a null function (e.g., when trying to unbind it). We - can't use a NULL function pointer in ANYOTHERKEY since that's - indistinguishable from the keymap not having been overridden at all. - We use _rl_null_function instead, which simply does nothing. We - could add an rl_ding to it later. Fixes problem with hitting ESC - repeatedly while in vi command mode reported by James Rowell - - -builtins/bind.def - - call rl_bind_keyseq instead of rl_set_key for -r option - -lib/readline/readline.c - - Set vi_movement_keymap[ESC] to _rl_null_function after binding the - arrow keys in bind_arrow_keys() to allow vi-mode users to hit ESC - multiple times in vi command mode while still allowing the arrow - keys to work - - 8/2 - --- -bashline.c - - fix clear_hostname_list by setting hostname_list_initialized to 0 - after freeing all list members. Fixes bug reported by Freddy - Vulto - -lib/readline/display.c - - in update_line, if we copy data from one line to another because we - are wrapping a multibyte character from, say, the first line to the - second, we need to update OMAX and the line indices to account for - the moved data. Bug report and fix from Martin Hamrle - - - 8/3 - --- -pcomplete.h - - defines for EMPTYCMD ("_EmptycmD_") and DEFAULTCMD ("_DefaultCmD_") - -builtins/complete.def - - change compopt_builtin to make -E work on the "empty" command - completion - - fix print_compitem and print_compopts to replace EMPTYCMD with -E - - added -D (default) option to complete/compgen/compopt. No supporting - code yet - -doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi - - document new -D, -E options to compopt - - document new -D option to complete/compgen - -shell.h - - new define, EX_WEXPCOMSUB, value of 125 - - new define, EX_RETRYFAIL, value of 124 (for programmable completion) - -subst.c - - use EX_WEXPCOMSUB instead of literal 125 as exit status when a shell - invoked to run wordexp(3) with the -n option supplied attempts a - command substitution - -pcomplete.c - - new define, PCOMP_RETRYFAIL, used to indicate a "failure, retry with - next completion" status to the programmable completion code - - 8/4 - --- -pcomplete.c - - changed gen_shell_function_matches to take an extra parameter - indicating whether the specified shell function was not found or - returned the special "fail/retry" status, and, if it was either, - to not bother returning any matches list - - changed gen_compspec_completions to take an extra parameter to pass - through the "found" status from gen_shell_function_completions - - new function gen_progcomp_completions to take care of searching for - and evaluating a compspec for a particular word, saving its status, - and returning to its caller (programmable_completions) whether or - not to retry completion. This function also checks whether a - retry changed the compspec associated with a command and short- - circuits the retry if it has not - - changed programmable_completions to try default completion (if set) - if a specific completion was not found for a command - - changed programmable_completions to implement "fail/retry" semantics - for a shell function that returns 124 and changes the compspec - associated with the command. All based on proposal and changes from - Behdad Esfahbod (Red Hat bugzilla 475229) - -doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi - - documented new dynamic programmable completion functionality - - 8/5 - --- -stringlib.c - - first argument to substring() is now `const char *' - -externs.h - - changed extern declaration for substring() - -subst.c - - skipsubscript now takes a third FLAGS argument, passes to - skip_matched_pair - - skip_matched_pair now interprets flags&1 to mean not to parse - matched pairs of quotes, backquotes, or shell word expansion - constructs - -{subst,general,expr}.c - - changed skipsubscript() callers - -assoc.c - - changed assoc_to_assign to double-quote the key if it contains any - shell metacharacters - -arrayfunc.c - - use skipsubscript in quote_assign rather than quote any glob - characters in the subscript of an array assignment - - in assign_compound_array_list, call skipsubscript with a flags - argument of 1 if assigning an associative array to avoid trying - to re-parse quoted strings - -redir.c - - set expanding_redir before expanding body of here documents and - here strings to avoid looking for variables in temporary env - - 8/7 - --- -lib/readline/readline.c - - in _rl_dispatch_callback, return value of -3 means that we have - added to a key sequence, but there are previous matches in the - sequence. Don't call _rl_subseq_result if we get a -3 from a - previous context in the chain; just go back up the chain. Report - and fix from - -bashline.c - - fixes to history_completion_generator and bash_dabbrev_expand to - make dabbrev-expand inhibit suppressing of appending space char - to matches. Have to do it with the generator too because - rl_menu_complete turns off suppressing the appended space in - set_completion_defaults(). Suggestion from Dan Nicolaescu - - - suppress completion match sorting in bash_dabbrev_expand by - setting rl_sort_completion_matches = 0. Suggestion from Dan - Nicolaescu - - don't qsort history match list in build_history_completion_array - if dabbrev_expand_active == 1 - - start the loop in build_history_completion_array that gathers words - from history for possible completions from the end of the list - rather than the beginning. It doesn't matter where you start if - the results are sorted, and dabbrev-expand is supposed to offer - the most recent completions first - - 8/12 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - change to execute_command_internal to make [[ ... ]] conditional - command subject to settings of `set -e' and the ERR trap - - 8/14 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - change to execute_command_internal to make (( ... )) arithmetic - command subject to settings of `set -e' and the ERR trap - -lib/readline/text.c - - new bindable function, rl_skip_csi_sequence, reads the characters - that make up a control sequence as defined by ECMA-48. Sequences - are introduced by the Control Sequence Indicator (CSI) and - contain a defined set of characters. Insert, End, Page Up and so - on are CSI sequences. Report and code from Andy Koppe - - -lib/readline/readline.h - - extern declaration for rl_skip_csi_sequence - -lib/readline/funmap.c - - new bindable command "skip-csi-sequence", runs rl_skip_csi_sequence - -doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi} - - documented new bindable command "skip-csi-sequence", unbound by - default - -builtins/evalfile.c - - fix _evalfile to remove embedded null bytes from the file read - into the string. Report and proposed fix from Roman Rakus - - -{configure,config.h}.in - - check for syslog(3), define HAVE_SYSLOG - - check for syslog.h, define HAVE_SYSLOG_H - -config-top.h - - new define SYSLOG_HISTORY, disabled by default - -config-bot.h - - if HAVE_SYSLOG or HAVE_SYSLOG_H are not defined, undef SYSLOG_HISTORY - -bashhist.c - - if SYSLOG_HISTORY is defined, call bash_syslog_history with the - line added to the history in bash_add_history. - - new function, bash_syslog_history(line), sends line to syslog at - user.info. The line is truncated to send no more than 600 - (SYSLOG_MAXLEN) bytes to syslog. Feature requested by many, and - required by some national laws - -sig.c - - in termsig_handler, resend SIGHUP to children if subshell_environment - indicates we're a shell performing command or process substitution - -jobs.c - - add CHECK_TERMSIG calls to wait_for in addition to the ones in - waitchld() - -builtins/shopt.def - - new functions set_bashopts, parse_bashopts, and initialize_bashopts - to manage new environment variable $BASHOPTS, like $SHELLOPTS but - for shopt options - - change toggle_shopts to call set_bashopts after setting options, so - $BASHOPTS reflects new values - -shell.c - - call initialize_bashopts after calling initialize_shell_options at - shell startup - -configure.in - - new configure `enable' option --enable-exended-glob-default, to - set the initial default value of the `extglob' shell option - -config.h - - new define, EXTGLOB_DEFAULT, controlled by the `extended-glob-default' - configure option - -pathexp.c - - initialize extended_glob variable to EXTGLOB_DEFAULT - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document new $BASHOPTS variable and its behavior - -doc/bashref.texi - - document new --enable-extended-glob-default configure option - - 8/16 - ---- -print_cmd.c - - new variables: xtrace_fd and xtrace_fp, the file descriptor and - FILE * to which we send `set -x' tracing output. If fd == -1 - then fp == STDERR, the default mode - - new function xtrace_init, sets xtrace_fd == -1 and xtrace_fp = stderr - - new function xtrace_set (fd, fp), sets xtrace_fd and xtrace_fp - to the arguments - - new function xtrace_reset, handles closing old xtrace fd/fp and - moving them back to -1/stderr - - new function xtrace_fdchck, calls xtrace_reset if the fd passed as - an argument is xtrace_fd - - change xtrace functions to fprintf to xtrace_fp instead of stderr - -shell.c - - call xtrace_init() very early in main() - -variables.c - - new special variable, BASH_XTRACEFD, holds file descriptor used for - set -x trace output. Inspired by suggestion from Bruce Korb - - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - added description of new BASH_XTRACEFD variable - -redir.c - - add calls to xtrace_fdchk to the redirections that close file - descriptors, so we notice if we close BASH_XTRACEFD and compensate - accordingly (same places that call coproc_fdchk()) - - 8/18 - ---- -lib/readline/text.c - - change to _rl_replace_text to add error checks: start must be <= - end, and we don't call rl_insert_text if passed the empty string - -config.h.in - - add define for HAVE_ICONV, already found by intl autoconf macros - - add define for HAVE_LOCALE_CHARSET - -aclocal.m4 - - add check for locale_charset() to BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE - -lib/sh/fnxform.c - - new file with two public function: fnx_tofs and fnx_fromfs. - Primarily intended for use on MacOS X, they use iconv to convert - between whatever the current locale encoding is and "UTF-8-MAC", - a special encoding on OS X in which all characters are - decomposed unicode, as the HFS+ filesystem stores them. These - functions return a pointer to a local buffer, allocated once and - resized as necessary, to avoid too many allocations; callers - should not free the return value, since it may be the string - passed - -Makefile.in - - make sure LIBICONV is set by autoconf (@LIBICONV@) and added to - list of link libraries - -externs.h - - new extern declarations for fnx_fromfs and fnx_tofs - -lib/glob/glob.c - - convert the filename read using readdir() in glob_vector() using - fnx_fromfs and use that value in the call to strmatch. This - ensures that we're using the precomposed Unicode value of the - filename rather than the native decomposed form. Original bug - report from Len Lattanzi ; fix inspired by - Guillaume Outters - - 8/19 - ---- -lib/readline/complete.c - - new completion hook: rl_filename_rewrite_hook, can rewrite or modify - filenames read from the filesystem before they are compared to the - word to be completed - -lib/readline/readline.h - - extern declaration for rl_filename_rewrite_hook - -lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi - - document rl_filename_rewrite_hook - -bashline.c - - new function, bash_filename_rewrite_hook, assigned to - rl_filename_rewrite_hook. Calls fnx_fromfs to convert from - filesystem format to "input" format. This makes completing - filenames with accented characters work on Mac OS X - - 8/20 - ---- -lib/readline/bind.c - - new bindable variable "skip-completed-text", bound to - _rl_skip_completed_text. If enabled, it means to note when - completing before the end of a word and skipping over characters - after rl_point that match in both the completion to be inserted - and the word being completed. It means that completing - `Makefile' with the cursor after the `e' results in `Makefile' - instead of `Makefilefile'. Inspired by an idea from Jared - Yanovich from back in 2004 - -lib/readline/rlprivate.h - - extern declaration for _rl_skip_completed_text - -lib/readline/complete.c - - implement semantics of _rl_skip_completed_text in insert_match: - skip characters in `replacement' that match chars in rl_line_buffer - from the start of the word to be completed - - 8/21 - ---- -error.c - - change parser_error to set last_command_exit_value to 2 before - calling exit_shell (if set -e is enabled), so any exit or ERR - trap gets the right value of $?. Suggestion from Stefano - Lattarini - -braces.c - - fix expand_seqterm so that a non-zero-prefixed term that's longer - than a zero-prefixed term determines the length of each term - in the brace-expanded sequence. This means that things like - {01..100} will have three digits in all the elements of the - expanded list. Fixes bug reported by Jeff Haemer - - - 8/24 - ---- -{arrayfunc,variables}.c - - when inserting a value into an associative array using syntax like - T=v where T is an already-declared associative array using key "0", - make sure the key is in newly-allocated memory so it can be freed - when the variable is unset. Fixes bug reported as redhat 518644 - by Jon Fairbairn - - 8/26 - ---- -lib/readline/funmap.c - - add "old-menu-complete" binding for rl_old_menu_complete - -lib/readline/readline.h - - add extern declaration for rl_old_menu_complete - -subst.c - - fix memory leak when processing ${!prefix@}. Need to dispose all - words in the word list created from all matching variable. Fixes - bug reported by muszi@muszi.kite.hu. - - 8/29 - ---- -execute_cmd.c - - add fflush(stdout) and fflush(stderr) to child coproc code before - calling exit after execute_in_subshell - - 8/31 - ---- -lib/readline/{{bind,readline}.c,rlprivate.h} - - new bindable variable, "echo-control-characters", enabled by default. - This controls whether or not readline honors the tty ECHOCTL bit - and displays characters corresponding to keyboard-generated signals. - Controlled by _rl_echo_control_chars variable, declared in readline.c - -lib/readline/signals.c - - if _rl_echo_control_chars == 0, don't go through _rl_echo_signal_char - - -lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi} - - document "echo-control-characters" bindable variable - - 9/1 - --- -lib/readline/histexpand.c - - hist_string_extract_single_quoted now takes an additional argument: - a flags word. The only defined value (flags & 1) allows backslash - to quote the single quote. This is to inhibit history expansion - inside $'...' containing an escaped single quote. - - change history_expand to call hist_string_extract_single_quoted - with flags == 1 if it sees $'. Fixes bug reported by Sean - Donner - - 9/2 - --- -builtins/printf.def - - add a call to sh_wrerror if ferror() succeeds in the PRETURN macro, - to print an error message in the case that the final fflush fails - (for instance, because it attempts to write data that didn't have a - trailing newline). Fixes bug reported by Stefano Lattarini - - - 9/7 - --- -arrayfunc.c - - some fixes to assign_compound_array_list to avoid null pointer - dereferences pointed out by clang/scan-build - -lib/glob/glob.c - - fixes to udequote_pathname and wdequote_pathname to avoid possible - null pointer dereferences pointed out by clang/scan-build - -lib/readline/undo.c - - fix to _rl_copy_undo_list (function unused) to avoid deref of - uninitialized pointer pointed out by clang/scan-build - -general.c - - fix string_to_rlimtype so it works if passed a null pointer (though - it never is) - -builtins/mapfile.def - - fix to mapfile() to avoid possible null pointer dereference pointed - out by clang/scan-build - -variables.c - - fix to valid_exportstr to avoid possible null pointer dereferences - pointed out by clang/scan-build - -bashline.c - - fix to bash_execute_unix_command to avoid possible null pointer - dereference if READLINE_LINE or READLINE_POINT is not bound - - 9/11 - ---- -[Prayers for the victimes of 9/11/2001] - -command.h - - add `rflags' member to struct redirect to hold private flags and - state information - - change redirector to a REDIRECTEE instead of int to prepare for - possible future changes - -{copy_cmd,dispose_cmd,make_cmd,print_cmd,redir}.c - - changes resulting from type change of `redirector' member of struct - redirect: change x->redirector to x->redirector.dest and add code - where appropriate to deal with x->redirector.filename - -make_cmd.h - - change extern declaration for make_redirection - -make_cmd.c - - first argument of make_redirection is now a `REDIRECTEE' to prepare - for possible future changes. First arg is now assigned directly to - redirector member instead of assigning int to redirector.dest - -{make_cmd,redir}.c,parse.y - - changes resulting from type change of first argument to - make_redirection from int to REDIRECTEE. In general, changes are - using REDIRECTEE sd and assigning old argument to sd.dest, then - passing sd to make_redirection - -make_cmd.[ch],parse.y - - add fourth argument to make_redirection: flags. Sets initial value - of `rflags' member of struct redirect - - changed all callers of make_redirection to add fourth argument of 0 - - 9/15 - ---- -parse.y - - change read_token_word to return REDIR_WORD for tokens of the form - {var} where `var' is a valid shell identifier and the character - following the } is a `<' or `>' - - add REDIR_WORD versions of all input and output file redirections - and here documents - -print_cmd.c - - change input and output file redirection direction and here - document cases of print_redirection to print a varname - specification of the form {var} when appropriate. Still need - to fix rest of cases - -redir.c - - implement REDIR_VARASSIGN semantics for file input and output - redirections and here documents - - 9/16 - ---- -parse.y - - added REDIR_WORD versions of remaining redirection constructs except - for err_and_out ones - -redir.c - - handle REDIR_VARASSIGN semantics for rest of redirection constructs - - accommodate REDIR_VARASSIGN when translating redirections - - new function, redir_varvalue, does variable lookup for {v} when - redirection needs the value (e.g., r_close_this) - -print_cmd.c - - fix rest of cases to print {varname} when REDIR_VARASSIGN is set in - redirect->rflags - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document new {varname} REDIR_VARASSIGN form of redirections - -tests/vredir.{right,tests},vredir[1-5].sub - - tests for new {varname} REDIR_VARASSIGN form of redirections - - 9/18 - ---- -subst.c - - new flags argument to split_at_delims: these flags are ORd with - SD_NOJMP and passed to skip_to_delim - - change skip_to_delim to honor new SD_NOQUOTEDELIM flag by not - checking whether or not single and double quotes are delimiters - if it's set in passed flags until after skipping quoted strings. - -subst.h - - change extern declaration for split_at_delims - - new define for SD_NOQUOTEDELIM flag - -pcomplete.c - - pass SD_NOQUOTEDELIM in flags argument to split_at_delims so single - and double quotes, even though they're in - rl_completer_word_break_characters, don't act as word delimiters - for programmable completion. Fixes bug reported by Freddy - Vulto - -lib/glob/glob.c - - in glob_filename, after recursively scanning a directory specified - with `**', turn off GX_ALLDIRS|GX_ADDCURDIR before calling - glob_vector on the rest of the pathname, since it may not apply to - the rest of the pattern. Turned back on if the filename makes it - appropriate. Fixes bug reported by Anders Kaseorg - -redir.c - - change execute_null_command to fork a child to execute if any of - the commands redirections have the REDIR_VARASSIGN flag set, since - those commands are not supposed to have side effects - -test.c - - < and > binary operators will obey the locale by using strcoll if - the TEST_LOCALE flag is passed to binary_test - -test.h - - new define for TEST_LOCALE - -execute_cmd.c - - execute_cond_node sets TEST_LOCALE so [[ str1 < str2 ]] (and >) - obey the locale. Fixes bug/incompatibility reported by Greg - Wooledge - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - documented [[ command new locale-sensitive treatment of < and > - - 9/24 - ---- -configure.in - - add "darwin10" cases like darwin8 and darwin9 to handle linking with - included readline and history libraries - - 9/26 - ---- -lib/readline/display.c - - modify change of 7/24 to use prompt_physical_chars instead of - prompt_visible_length to account for visible multibyte characters in - the line (usually in the prompt). Fixes debian bug #547264 - reported by Pietro Battiston - - add flags argument to _rl_col_width; changed callers. flags > 0 - means that it's ok to use the already-computed prompt information; - flags == 0 means that we're expanding the prompt and we should not - short-circuit - -parse.y - - in decode_prompt_string, when expanding \w and \W on Mac OS X, - use fnx_fromfs to convert from "filesystem" form to "input" form. - This makes $PWD with multibyte characters work in the prompt - string on Mac OS X - -lib/sh/fnxform.c - - in fnx_fromfs and fnx_tofs, use templen instead of outlen as last - argument in calls to iconv, since outlen is used to keep track of - the size of the buffer, and iconv potentially modifies its - `outbytesleft' argument - - 9/29 - ---- -subst.c - - make skip_to_delim understand how to skip over process substitution - constructs the way it skips $(...) command substitution - - 9/30 - ---- -lib/readline/terminal.c - - don't set the `terminal has meta key' flag if the `MT' capability is - available; that means something completely different - - 10/1 - ---- -builtins/help.def - - make sure width is at least 7, since we pass `width/2 - 3' to strncpy - as the length argument. Terminal widths <= 6 are converted to 80. - Fixes bug reported by Chris Hall - -configure.in - - changed version to 4.1-alpha - -subst.h - - new flag for skip_to_delim: SD_NOSKIPCMD, which means to not skip - over embedded command and process substitutions, but rather to look - for delimiters within them - -subst.c - - implement semantics of SD_NOSKIPCMD in skip_to_delim - -bashline.c - - call skip_to_delim with SD_NOSKIPCMD from find_cmd_start, so - programmable completion can use the completion defined for `b' for - command lines like "a $(b c". Fixes inconsistency/bug reported by - Freddy Vulto - -parser.h - - replace unused PST_CMDTOKEN parser state value with PST_EXTPAT, - means currently parsing an extended glob pattern (extglob) - -parse.y - - fix cond_node() so that extended_glob is set before parsing the - rhs of the `==' or `!=' operators. For ksh93 compatibility. - - reset extended_glob to global value (saved in parse_cond_command()) - in reset_parser() - - 10/5 - ---- -jobs.c - - change waitchld() to only interrupt the wait builtin when the shell - receives SIGCHLD in Posix mode. It's a posix requirement, but - makes easy things hard to do, like run a SIGCHLD trap for every - exiting child. Change prompted by question from Alex Efros - - -doc/bashref.texi - - document new posix mode behavior about SIGCHLD arriving while the - wait builtin is executing when a trap on SIGCHLD has been set - - 10/6 - ---- -lib/readline/histexpand.c - - fix hist_expand to keep from stopping history expansion after the - first multibyte character (a `break' instead of a `continue'). - Fixes debian bug (#549933) reported by Nikolaus Schulz - - - 10/8 - ---- -builtins/read.def - - implement new `-N nchars' option: read exactly NCHARS characters, - ignoring any delimiter, and don't split the result on $IFS. - Feature requested by Richard Stallman - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - document new `read -N' option - - 10/9 - ---- -lib/readline/bind.c - - new bindable variable, "enable-meta-key", controls whether or not - readline enables any meta modifier key the terminal claims to - support. Suggested by Werner Fink - -lib/readline/doc/{readline.3,rluser.texi},doc/bash.1 - - document new readline "enable-meta-key" bindable variable - - 10/10 - ----- -trap.c - - new function, free_trap_string(), does what it says and turns off - SIG_TRAPPED flag without changing signal disposition - -[bash-4.1-alpha frozen] - - 10/16 - ----- -builtins/mapfile.def - - return an error if the variable passed is not an indexed array. - Fixes bug reported by Nick Hobson - - change help text to make it clear that an indexed array is required - -doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi} - - changed description of mapfile to note that the array variable - argument must be an indexed array, and mapfile will return an - error if it is not - -subst.c - - change expand_string_unsplit and expand_string_leave_quoted to - add the (previously unused) W_NOSPLIT2 flag to the created word - - change expand_word_internal to understand W_NOSPLIT2 to mean that - we're not going to split on $IFS, so we should not quote any - characters in IFS that we add to the result string. Fixes bug - reported by Enrique Perez-Terron - - change cond_expand_word similarly. Fixes rest of bug reported by - Enrique Perez-Terron - -parse.y - - save and restore value of last_command_subst_pid around call to - expand_prompt_string in decode_prompt_string. Fixes bug that causes - $? to be set wrong when using a construct like false || A=3 when - set -x is enabled and $PS4 contains a command substitution. Reported - by Jeff Haemer - - 10/17 - ----- -execute_cmd.c - - in execute_in_subshell, make sure we set setjmp(return_catch) before - running the command, in case the command or its word expansion - calls jump_to_top_level. Fixes bug reported by Nils Bernhard - - -subst.c - - new PF_NOSPLIT2 flag for param_expand - - parameter_brace_expand takes a new `pflags' argument, before the - `output' parameters; passes to param_expand as necessary - - change parameter_brace_expand to call parameter_brace_expand_word - with the PF_NOSPLIT2 flag if the pflags argument to - parameter_brace_expand has it set - -parse.y - - change report_syntax_error to set last_command_exit_value to - EX_BADSYNTAX if parse_and_execute_level is > 0, indicating a - syntax error while we're executing a dot script, eval string, - trap command, etc. - -builtins/evalstring.c - - in parse_and_execute, if parse_command() returns non-zero, - indicating a parse error, print a warning message if the conditions - would require a posix-mode shell to abort (parse error in a `.' - script or eval string) - - 10/19 - ----- -builtins/evalfile.c - - even if the `check binary' flag is not passed to _evalfile, return an - error after reading 128 null characters if called by `source', on - the assumption that it's probably a binary file. [This will be in - bash-4.1-beta] - - 10/24 - ----- -[bash-4.1-alpha released] - -bashline.c - - don't call command_substitution_completion_function if we're - completing a substring delimited by a single quote. Fixes bug - reported by bash-bugs@atu.cjb.net - -lib/readline/complete.c - - make sure _rl_skip_completed_text defaults to 0, as the - documentation states (incorrect in bash-4.1-alpha) - - in insert_match, skip over a close quote in the replacement text if - the character at point when completion is invoked is a single - quote. Fixes complaint from bash-bugs@atu.cjb.net - - 10/26 - ----- -shell.c - - in main, make sure "$EMACS" is non-null before calling strstr on its - value. Fixes Red Hat bug 530911 submitted by Mitchell Berger - -builtins/mapfile.def - - don't save callback commands in shell history. Suggested by - Jan Schampera - -mailcheck.c - - in file_mod_date_changed, make sure the modification time is later - than the saved modification date, not just that it's not equal. - Fix from Evgeniy Dushistov - - in file_access_date_changed, make sure the access time is later - than the saved access time, not just that it's not equal - - 10/27 - ----- -builtins/shopt.def - - added new `compat40' compatibility variable, with associated changes - to shell_compatibility_level(), since the default compatibility level - is now 41 - -test.c - - make the < and > operators to [[ use strcoll() only if the shell - compatibility level is greater than 40 (it is 41 by default in - bash-4.1) - - 10/28 - ----- -support/shobj-conf - - decrease the default version of FreeBSD that creates shared libraries - to 4.x. Advice from Peter Jeremy - - 11/2 - ---- -parse.y - - change parse_comsub to free `heredelim' and set it to 0 whenever the - comsub scanner finds the end of a here document. Really need to - implement a stack of here doc delimiters like in the parser (can we - use redir_stack here, too?) - - fix parse_comsub to not attempt to read another here doc delimiter - after seeing a shell break character (that is not newline) if we - already have one. Fixes Debian bash bug #553485, submitted by - Samuel Hym - - 11/3 - ---- -variables.c - - fix bind_variable_internal to call a variable's dynamic 'set function' - with the right arguments depending on whether its an associative - array, an indexed array, or a scalar. Fixes Ubuntu bug #471504 - https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/bash/+bug/471504 reported - by AJ Slater - -[bash-4.1-beta frozen] - - 11/11 - ----- -builtins/printf.def - - in getintmax(), in the case of a conversion error, return the partial - value accumulated so far, which is suppose to be what - strtoimax/strtoll/strtol returns - - 11/17 - ----- -[bash-4.1-beta released] - - 11/18 - ----- -builtins/{common.h,shopt.def},shell.c - - changed shopt variable "set functions" to take the option name as - the first argument; changed function prototypes and callers - -builtins/shopt.def - - change set_compatibility_level() to turn off other compatNN options - when one is set -- enforce mutual exclusivity. Fixes problem noted - by Jan Schampera - - 11/19 - ----- -lib/readline/rltty.c - - make sure prepare_terminal_settings() tests for the presence of - ECHOCTL before using it. Fixes bug reported by Joachim Schmitz - - -config-top.h - - new WORDEXP_OPTION define (off by default) - -shell.c - - don't include the --wordexp option or the supporting function - (run_wordexp) if WORDEXP_OPTION is not defined. Suggested by - Aharon Robbins. - -execute_cmd.c - - in execute_cond_node, turn on comsub_ignore_return if the flags - indicate we're ignoring the return value before calling - cond_expand_word. Fixes bug reported by Anirban Sinha - - - 11/20 - ----- -lib/sh/snprintf.c,builtins/printf.def - - change check for HAVE_ASPRINTF and HAVE_SNPRINTF to check if value - is 1 or 0 rather than whether they are defined or not. This allows - a value of 0 to enable function replacement - -configure.in,aclocal.m4 - - new autoconf macro, BASH_FUNC_SNPRINTF, checks for snprintf present - and working as C99 specifies with a zero length argument. Idea - from Greg Wooledge - - new macro BASH_FUNC_VSNPRINTF, does same thing for vsnprintf - - 11/25 - ----- -subst.c - - in command_substitute, only tell parse_and_execute to reset the line - number in an interactive shell if sourcelevel == 0 -- we'll use the - line numbers from the sourced file - -execute_cmd.c - - in execute_simple_command, only subtract function_line_number from - line_number if sourcelevel == 0. If sourcing, we'll use the line - numbers from the sourced file. Fixes bug reported by Hugo - Mildenberger - -builtins/declare.def - - in declare_internal, call bind_assoc_variable instead of - bind_array_variable in the case of declare -A foo=bar. Fixes bug - reported by Bernd Eggink . - - 11/27 - ----- -lib/readline/util.c - - change declaration for _rl_walphabetic to use prototype, assuming - that any system with multibyte characters has a compiler that can - handle prototypes. Fix for AIX compilation problem reported by - Nick Hillman - - 11/28 - ----- -execute_cmd.c - - make funcnest file-scope static and unwind-protect its value in - execute_function, so it can be used as a real measure of function - call nesting - -general.c - - fix off-by-one error in trim_pathname that caused it to short-circuit - when PROMPT_DIRTRIM == number of directories - 1. Fixes bug - reported by Dennis Williamson - - 11/29 - ----- -jobs.c - - when fork() returns -1/EAGAIN, call waitchld(-1, 0) so the shell can - reap any dead jobs before trying fork again. Currently disabled - until bash-4.2 development starts - -lib/readline/complete.c - - when incrementing _rl_interrupt_immediately, make sure it's greater - than 0 before decrementing it. In practice, not a problem, but - the right way to do it. Suggested by Jan Kratochvil - - -lib/readline/signals.c - - make sure rl_signal_handler doesn't set rl_caught_signal if - _rl_interrupt_immediately is set, so RL_CHECK_SIGNALS doesn't - cause it to be processed twice. Suggested by Jan Kratochvil - - - if the callback interface is being used, use the code path that - immediately handles signals. This restores the readline-5.2 - behavior. Fixes GDB readline bug reported by Jan Kratochvil - diff --git a/CWRU/changelog b/CWRU/changelog new file mode 120000 index 000000000..d2d81b302 --- /dev/null +++ b/CWRU/changelog @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +CWRU.chlog \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS index 2d929b61b..8b1b7bcd3 100644 --- a/NEWS +++ b/NEWS @@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ p. If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator. q. The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string - comparison according to the current locale. + comparison according to the current locale if the compatibility level + is greater than 40. r. Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a' when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c. @@ -78,9 +79,6 @@ v. The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via w. There is a new `compat40' shopt option. -x. The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale - only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default). - 2. New Features in Readline a. New bindable function: menu-complete-backward. diff --git a/NEWS-4.1 b/NEWS-4.1 new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb155bf79 --- /dev/null +++ b/NEWS-4.1 @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +o Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be + delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline. + +o Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file + system ACLs into account on file systems that support them. + +o Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid + shell variable names through into the environment passed to child + processes. + +o The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and + reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command + executes. + +o `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices. + +o New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty" + completion: completion attempted on an empty command line. + +o New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion: + a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been + defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is + attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions + as completion is attempted by having the default completion function + install individual completion functions each time it is invoked. + +o When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted. + +o Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended + after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries + are presented first. + +o The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the + ERR trap. + +o The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting + to parse commands. + +o There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to + forward all history entries to syslog. + +o A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to + child processes. + +o There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be + enabled by default. + +o New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace + output to that file descriptor. + +o If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the + shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file + descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator. + +o The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string + comparison according to the current locale. + +o Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a' + when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c. + +o Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to + the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility. + +o Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is + received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only. + +o The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS + characters, ignoring delimiters like newline. + +o The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via + callbacks in the history list. + +o There is a new `compat40' shopt option. + +o The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale + only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default). + +o New bindable readline function: menu-complete-backward. + +o In the readline vi-mode insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete + by default, and C-p to menu-complete-backward. + +o When in readline vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, + even when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how + historical vi behaves. + +o New bindable readline function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a + default to consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End + without having to bind all keys. + +o New bindable readline variable: skip-completed-text, active when + completing in the middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters + in the completion that match characters in the remainder of the word are + "skipped" rather than inserted into the line. + +o The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as + "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version. + +o New bindable readline variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and + the tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters + corresponding to keyboard-generated signals. + +o New bindable readline variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not + readline sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a + meta key that enables eight-bit characters. diff --git a/NEWS-4.1~ b/NEWS-4.1~ new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d929b61b --- /dev/null +++ b/NEWS-4.1~ @@ -0,0 +1,1537 @@ +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.1 since +the release of bash-4.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be + delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline. + +b. Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file + system ACLs into account on file systems that support them. + +c. Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid + shell variable names through into the environment passed to child + processes. + +d. The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and + reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command + executes. + +e. `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices. + +f. New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty" + completion: completion attempted on an empty command line. + +g. New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion: + a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been + defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is + attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions + as completion is attempted by having the default completion function + install individual completion functions each time it is invoked. + +h. When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted. + +i. Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended + after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries + are presented first. + +j. The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the + ERR trap. + +k. The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting + to parse commands. + +l. There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to + forward all history entries to syslog. + +m. A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to + child processes. + +n. There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be + enabled by default. + +o. New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace + output to that file descriptor. + +p. If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the + shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file + descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator. + +q. The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string + comparison according to the current locale. + +r. Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a' + when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c. + +s. Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to + the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility. + +t. Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is + received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only. + +u. The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS + characters, ignoring delimiters like newline. + +v. The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via + callbacks in the history list. + +w. There is a new `compat40' shopt option. + +x. The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale + only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default). + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. New bindable function: menu-complete-backward. + +b. In the vi insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete by default, + and C-p to menu-complete-backward. + +c. When in vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, even + when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how + historical vi behaves. + +d. New bindable function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a default to + consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End without having + to bind all keys. + +e. New application-settable function: rl_filename_rewrite_hook. Can be used + to rewite or modify filenames read from the file system before they are + compared to the word to be completed. + +f. New bindable variable: skip-completed-text, active when completing in the + middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters in the completion + that match characters in the remainder of the word are "skipped" rather + than inserted into the line. + +g. The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as + "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version. + +h. New bindable variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and the + tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters corresponding + to keyboard-generated signals. + +i. New bindable variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not readline + sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a meta key + that enables eight-bit characters. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.0 since +the release of bash-3.2. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting + index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list. + +b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically + rather than horizontally. + +c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of + the current shell. + +d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt + to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a + simple command. + +e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and + report any running or stopped jobs at exit. + +f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to + a character describing the type of completion being attempted. + +g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to + the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB). + +h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash + will try again several times before reporting failure. + +i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as + readline when breaking the command line into a list of words. + +j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in + Posix mode, as Posix specifies. + +k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received + in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also + results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty + string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out, + it returns an exit status greater than 128. + +l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by + new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently + restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs + of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command. + +m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number + of threads) options. + +n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes + (or function values and attributes if used with -f). + +o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify + completion options for existing completions or the completion currently + being executed. + +p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply + buffer when using readline. + +q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default + behavior for completion on an empty line. + +r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing + globbing characters. + +s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly + follow man page format. + +t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description, + and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format. + +u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a + given file. The name `readarray' is a synonym. + +v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function + named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the + function arguments. + +w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code + treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within + them, when appropriate) recursively. + +x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename + completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during + completion. + +y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout + values. + +z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and + will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the + same number of digits. + +aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'. + It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list. + +bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new + variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER + and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line + and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT, + respectively. + +cc. There is a new &>> redirection operator, which appends the standard output + and standard error to the named file. + +dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects + the standard error for a command through a pipe. + +ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to + continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the + statement rather than terminating the command. + +ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to + test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current + action, rather than terminating the command. + +gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an + integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will + retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace + the intervening characters with `...'. + +hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and + lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or + array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern + that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally- + configured feature to include capitalization operators. + +ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate + support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them. + +jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon + assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options. + There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at + assignment. + +kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an + asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell. + Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the + PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables + with coproc-specific names. + +ll. A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is + input available to be read from the specified file descriptor. + +mm. CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged + mode. + +nn. New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word, + which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters + and honor shell quoting. + +oo. New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word + which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries + as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word. + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit + match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if + applications do this). + +b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover + the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete. + +c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and + available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections + (like redisplay). + +d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and + available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state + flag values. + +e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum + number of entries in the history list. + +f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements + over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions + browsing' mode. + +g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function + variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion + generators. + +h. There is support for replacing a prefix of a pathname with a `...' when + displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the + `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix + longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'. + +i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will + undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is + executed. + +j. If the kernel supports it, readline displays special characters + corresponding to a keyboard-generated signal when the signal is received. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.2 since +the release of bash-3.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the + pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that + combination doesn't make any sense. + +b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit + process substitution. + +c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34]. + +d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires. + +e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now + checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character. + +f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces + string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators. + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing + poll-like behavior. + +b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as + the default last-ditch startup file. + +c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line + terminators. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.1 since +the release of bash-3.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display + tracks the current locale. + +b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created + as `invisible' variables and may not be unset. + +c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't + try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires. + +d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify. + +e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde + expansion. + +f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative. + +g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals), + -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks). + +h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job + specifier. + +i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is + now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands + that accept assignment statements. + +j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed. + +k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running + in an emacs terminal window. + +l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text + to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation. + +m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters + to be emptied when the variable is unset. + +n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional + parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word + splitting. + +o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup. + +p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores + case when used by `case' and `[[' commands. + +q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output + to be placed into var instead of on stdout. + +r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE. + +s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it + creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the + shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables. + +t. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will + build bash to be POSIX conforming by default. + +u. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now + override the true terminal size. + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically + bound to delete-char. + +b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the + completion list. + +c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero, + readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline + equivalents when it's called (on by default). + +d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible + reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound + to this in vi command mode. + +e. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES + and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of + what the kernel returns: rl_prefer_env_winsize + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-3.0 since +the release of bash-2.05b. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape. + +b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin. + +c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's + idea of word break characters. + +d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion + will actually be performed. + +e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits + more extensibility and backwards compatibility. + +f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines + matching a line being added to be removed from the history list. + +g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte + character support to be disabled even on systems that support it. + +h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, + BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING, + BASH_COMMAND + +i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array + variable. + +j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information + for the debugger. + +k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script + returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution + if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active). + +l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new + `extdebug' shell option. + +m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR + traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to + `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls + whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts. + +n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action + list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the + query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case' + command. + +o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger + support code. + +p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information + if the `extdebug' option is set. + +q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes + the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a + function or sourced script forces a `return'. + +r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger. + +s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is + executed, for the debugger. + +t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is + enabled. + +u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1, + x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence + may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1. + +v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices) + of array. + +w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by + FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even + if they're the only possibilities. + +x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu + style' (filename:lineno:message) format. + +y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the + whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't + result in a match. + +z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory + name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the + possible completions. + +aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without + job control. + +bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to + strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out + timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying + history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out + timestamp information when the history file is written. + +cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs + extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching. + +dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default) + to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]]. + +ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new + BASH_REMATCH array variable. + +ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname + expansion fails to produce a match. + +gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure + status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last + one. + +hh. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. + +ii. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. + +jj. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's + messages can be translated into different languages. + +kk. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'. + +ll. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied + as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify + the error as coming from bash. + +mm. The parameter pattern removal and substitution expansions are now much + faster and more efficient when using multibyte characters. + +nn. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation + even if job control is not enabled. + +oo. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument + to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is + now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument. + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier + for compatibility with the BSD csh. + +b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g' + modifier, which performs a substitution once per word. + +c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of + replacing the current line with the history line. + +d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with + `.'. + +e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline + completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more + than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed. + +f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function. + +g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file + functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated + with each entry. + +h. Four new key binding functions have been added: + + rl_bind_key_if_unbound() + rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map() + rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound() + rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map() + +i. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any + quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion + function. + +j. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an + application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not + attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word. + +k. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero + value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted. + Set before readline calls any application completion function. + +l. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline + needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows + the word break characters to vary based on position in the line. + +m. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as + unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters. + +n. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the + `mark-directories' option has been enabled. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05b since +the release of bash-2.05a. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin. + +b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and + `-P' forces a $PATH search. + +c. New code to handle multibyte characters. + +d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is + reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL. + The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option. + +e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be + appended to names which are symlinks to directories. + +f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command, + like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode. + +g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching. + +h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X. + +i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts + the result into the expanded prompt. + +j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the + machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long. + +k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion + functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted. + +l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed + with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set. + +m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses + readline's appending a space to the completed word. + +n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word. + +o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown + separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use + the old output would result in syntax errors). + +p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls + bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at + allocation and free time. + +q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service' + option to complete on names from /etc/services. + +r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor. + +s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name + don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop. + +t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more + intuitively. + +u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the + argument if it contains non-printing characters. + +v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied + to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named + function. Currently has no effect on variables. + +w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands, + [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops. + +x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the + function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a + script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as + POSIX-2001 requires. + +y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the + new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like, + and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code + from Gary Vaughan. + +z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup + and close). + +aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'. + +bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable + format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table. + +cc. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files + installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned + on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure. + +dd. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except + `echo'. + +ee. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following + the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/ + POSIX.1-2001 compliance. + + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both + be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi + insert mode. + +b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than + the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results. + This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on). + +c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters. + +d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to + append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has + been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories' + variable (default is the 2.05a behavior). + +e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric + argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a + comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text + +f. New application-settable completion variable: + rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion + function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending + slashes to names which are symlinks to directories. + +g. New function available to application completion functions: + rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked + and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list + completions, etc.). + +h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode' + bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'. + +i. New application-settable completion variable: + rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of + rl_completion_append_character to completed words. + +j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks + the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search + string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string, + DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05a since +the release of bash-2.05. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a + `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging. + +b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX + drafts. + +c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from + ISO C99). + +d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications + (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns). + +e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts, + but ignored. + +f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the + shell is a login shell. + +g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format. + +h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name + completion. + +i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument. + +j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup. + +k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional + `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed + to PATH. + +l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run + whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled. + It is not inherited by shell functions. + +m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been + given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and + a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX + drafts require. + +n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default. + +o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities. + +p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX + drafts require. + +q. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard', + meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft + limit, in addition to `unlimited' + +r. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular + resource when printing more than one limit. + +s. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is + one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively. + +t. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're + implemented by printf(3). + +u. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f). + +v. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The + corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the + value is assigned. + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a + public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h). + +b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402, + RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2. + +c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION. + +d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls + completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default. + +e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a + `:first-' modifier, like csh. + +f. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history + code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history + line retrived with previous-history or next-history. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.05 since +the release of bash-2.04. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile', + per the new GNU coding standards. + +b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as + port numbers. + +c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some + of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are: + + default - perform bash default completion if programmable + completion produces no matches + dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable + completion produces no matches + filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames, + so it can do things like append slashes to + directory names and suppress trailing spaces + +d. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks + in pathname arguments. + +e. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a + way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and + `declare -p' as well. This only happens when the shell is not in POSIX + mode, since POSIX.2 forbids this behavior. + +f. Bash-2.05 once again honors the current locale setting when processing + ranges within pattern matching bracket expressions (e.g., [A-Z]). + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications, + via the rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() function. + +b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means + it's now part of the public interface. + +c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that + encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by + callbacks and hook functions. + +d. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt): + expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result. + +e. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols): + public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen + dimensions. + +f. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns + readline's idea of the screen dimensions. + +g. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function) + is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()). + +h. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old + variable is maintained for backwards compatibility. + +i. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is + now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default + value is as before. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.04 since +the release of bash-2.03. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry + at position `offset'. + +b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of + active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name. + +c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell + commands. + +d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when + enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line. + +e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage + synopsis. + +f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable + post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variable pre-increment/decrement), + expr1 , expr2 (comma operator). + +g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command: + for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done + +h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options: + -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input + -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line + -d delim read until delim rather than newline + -s don't echo input chars as they are read + +i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially: + /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or + not they are present in the file system. + +j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form + /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket + of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host. + +k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all + shell variables with prefix PREFIX, has been implemented. + +l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of + a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect. + +m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently + discarded. This means it can be unset. + +n. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands: + complete and compgen. + +o. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the + programmable completion features (enabled by default). + +p. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable + completion at runtime. + +q. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion. + +r. configure has a new option, `--enable-bash-malloc', replacing the old + `--with-gnu-malloc' (which is still present for backwards compatibility). + +s. There is a new manual page describing rbash, the restricted shell. + +t. `bashbug' has new `--help' and `--version' options. + +u. `shopt' has a new `xpg_echo' option, which controls the behavior of + `echo' with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime. + +v. If NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS is defined, all login shells read the + startup files, even if they are not interactive. + +w. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the + LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf' + displays floating-point numbers. + +2. New features in Readline + +a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled + or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is + changed. + +b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename. + +c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file. + +d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the + line when the string to search for is empty, like + {reverse,forward}-search-history. + +e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found + in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails. + +f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used + when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline(). + +g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application + that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to + a non-zero value. + +h. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an + application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real' + readline library or some substitute. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.03 since +the release of bash-2.02. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the + shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files. + +b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in + array assignments (which it probably should have done all along). + +c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require. + +d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell. + +e. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with + the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login + shell startup files. + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. Many changes to the signal handling: + o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning; + o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers + to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own + signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP, + SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU; + o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application + writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its + own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling + applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed; + o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal + handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current + line after receiving a signal; + o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the + display and terminal state after receiving a signal; + o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the + terminal and display state after an application signal handler + returns and readline continues + +b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of + the screen size after a SIGWINCH. + +c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were + previously private functions with a `_' prefix. + +d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts + reading input, after initialization. + +e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would + display the list of completion matches. The new function + rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available + for use by application functions called via this hook. + +f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh. + +g. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using + readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the + only thing typed was a newline. + +h. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'. + +i. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default). + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.02 since +the release of bash-2.01.1. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many + changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage, + and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed. + +b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many + changes and range checking included by default. + +c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic + Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating + symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern + matching. + +d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been + implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'. + +e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements + extended `test' functionality. + +f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2 + specification. + +g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands + to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed + (equivalent to $(cat filename)). + +h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the + directory stack. + +i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation. + +j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked: + `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and + `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically. + +k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which + controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by + default. + +l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which + controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included. + It is enabled by default. + +m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled, + will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user- + specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is + interactive. + +n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump + a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format. + +o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive + pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct. + +p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes + the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell + exits. + +q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an + argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a + specified keymap. + +r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs + and running jobs, respectively. + +s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable + format. + +t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument + has been modified since it was last accessed. + +u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format. + +v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...' + translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN + in hexadecimal. + +w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence. + +x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on + a Unix machine. + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user + can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history + lines. + +b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion + matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up + and down the screen (like `ls'). + +c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion + and matching to be performed case-insensitively. + +d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history + expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to + be inserted into the result. + +e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like + menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single + completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions). + +f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32 + systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing + buffer. + +g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash + escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences + may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values. + +h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.01 since +the release of bash-2.0. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is the +place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which + the user belongs. This is used by the test suite. + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a + numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the + argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple + instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.0 since +the release of bash-1.14.7. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is +the place to look for complete descriptions. + +1. New Features in Bash + +a. There is a new invocation option, -D, that dumps translatable strings + in a script. + +b. The `long' invocation options must now be prefixed with `--'. + +c. New long invocation options: --dump-strings, --help, --verbose + +d. The `nolineediting' invocation option was renamed to `noediting'. + +e. The `nobraceexpansion' and `quiet' long invocation options were removed. + +f. The `--help' and `--version' long options now work as the GNU coding + standards specify. + +g. If invoked as `sh', bash now enters posix mode after reading the + startup files, and reads and executes commands from the file named + by $ENV if interactive (as POSIX.2 specifies). A login shell invoked + as `sh' reads $ENV after /etc/profile and ~/.profile. + +h. There is a new reserved word, `time', for timing pipelines, builtin + commands, and shell functions. It uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT + variable as a format string describing how to print the timing + statistics. + +i. The $'...' quoting syntax expands ANSI-C escapes in ... and leaves the + result single-quoted. + +j. The $"..." quoting syntax performs locale-specific translation of ... + and leaves the result double-quoted. + +k. LINENO now works correctly in functions. + +l. New variables: DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, BASH_VERSINFO, HOSTNAME, SHELLOPTS, + MACHTYPE. The first three are array variables. + +m. The BASH_VERSION and BASH_VERSINFO variables now include the shell's + `release status' (alpha[N], beta[N], release). + +n. Some variables have been removed: MAIL_WARNING, notify, history_control, + command_oriented_history, glob_dot_filenames, allow_null_glob_expansion, + nolinks, hostname_completion_file, noclobber, no_exit_on_failed_exec, and + cdable_vars. Most of them are now implemented with the new `shopt' + builtin; others were already implemented by `set'. + +o. Bash now uses some new variables: LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES, LC_CTYPE, + LC_COLLATE, LANG, GLOBIGNORE, HISTIGNORE. + +p. The shell now supports integer-indexed arrays of unlimited length, + with a new compound assignment syntax and changes to the appropriate + builtin commands (declare/typeset, read, readonly, etc.). The array + index may be an arithmetic expression. + +q. ${!var}: indirect variable expansion, equivalent to eval \${$var}. + +r. ${paramter:offset[:length]}: variable substring extraction. + +s. ${parameter/pattern[/[/]string]}: variable pattern substitution. + +t. The $[...] arithmetic expansion syntax is no longer supported, in + favor of $((...)). + +u. Aliases can now be expanded in shell scripts with a shell option + (shopt expand_aliases). + +v. History and history expansion can now be used in scripts with + set -o history and set -H. + +w. All builtins now return an exit status of 2 for incorrect usage. + +x. Interactive shells resend SIGHUP to all running or stopped children + if (and only if) they exit due to a SIGHUP. + +y. New prompting expansions: \a, \e, \H, \T, \@, \v, \V. + +z. Variable expansion in prompt strings is now controllable via a shell + option (shopt promptvars). + +aa. Bash now defaults to using command-oriented history. + +bb. The history file ($HISTFILE) is now truncated to $HISTFILESIZE after + being written. + +cc. The POSIX.2 conditional arithmetic evaluation syntax (expr ? expr : expr) + has been implemented. + +dd. Each builtin now accepts `--' to signify the end of the options, except + as documented (echo, etc.). + +ee. All builtins use -p to display values in a re-readable format where + appropriate, except as documented (echo, type, etc.). + +ff. The `alias' builtin has a new -p option. + +gg. Changes to the `bind' builtin: + o has new options: -psPSVr. + o the `-d' option was renamed to `-p' + o the `-v' option now dumps variables; the old `-v' is now `-P' + +hh. The `bye' synonym for `exit' was removed. + +ii. The -L and -P options to `cd' and `pwd' have been documented. + +jj. The `cd' builtin now does spelling correction on the directory name + by default. This is settable with a shell option (shopt cdspell). + +kk. The `declare' builtin has new options: -a, -F, -p. + +ll. The `dirs' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -v. + +mm. The new `disown' builtin removes jobs from the shell's jobs table + or inhibits the resending of SIGHUP when the shell receives a + SIGHUP. + +nn. The `echo' builtin has a new escape character: \e. + +oo. The `enable' builtin can now load new builtins dynamically from shared + objects on systems with the dlopen/dlsym interface. There are a number + of examples in the examples/loadables directory. There are also + new options: -d, -f, -s, -p. + +pp. The `-all' option to `enable' was removed in favor of `-a'. + +qq. The `exec' builtin has new options: -l, -c, -a. + +rr. The `hash' builtin has a new option: -p. + +ss. The `history' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -s. + +tt. The `jobs' builtin has new options: -r, -s. + +uu. The `kill' builtin has new options: -n signum, -l signame. + +vv. The `pushd' and `popd' builtins have a new option: -n. + +ww. The `read' builtin has new options: -p prompt, -e, -a. + +xx. The `readonly' builtin has a new -a option, and the -n option was removed. + +yy. Changes to the `set' builtin: + o new options: -B, -o keyword, -o onecmd, -o history + o options removed: -l, -d, -o nohash + o options changed: +o, -h, -o hashall + o now displays variables in a format that can be re-read as input + +zz. The new `shopt' builtin controls shell optional behavior previously + done by setting and unsetting certain shell variables. + +aaa. The `test' builtin has new operators: -o option, s1 == s2, s1 < s2, + and s1 > s2, where s1 and s2 are strings. + +bbb. There is a new trap, DEBUG, executed after every simple command. + +ccc. The `trap' builtin has a new -p option. + +ddd. The `ulimit' builtin has a new -l option on 4.4BSD-based systems. + +eee. The PS1, PS2, PATH, and IFS variables may now be unset. + +fff. The restricted shell mode has been expanded and is now documented. + +ggg. Security improvements: + o functions are not imported from the environment if running setuid + or with -p + o no startup files are sourced if running setuid or with -p + +hhh. The documentation has been overhauled: the texinfo manual was + expanded, and HTML versions of the man page and texinfo manual + are included. + +iii. Changes to Posix mode: + o Command lookup now finds special builtins before shell functions. + o Failure of a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to + exit. Failures are defined in the POSIX.2 specification. + o If the `cd' builtin finds a directory to change to using $CDPATH, + the value assigned to PWD when `cd' completes does not contain + any symbolic links. + o A non-interactive shell exits if a variable assignment error + occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. + o A non-interactive shell exits if the interation variable in a + `for' statement or the selection variable in a `select' statement + is read-only or another variable assignment error occurs. + o The `<>' redirection operator now opens a file for both stdin and + stdout by default, not just when in posix mode. + o Assignment statements preceding special builtins now persist in + the shell's environment when the builtin completes. + + Posix mode is now completely POSIX.2-compliant (modulo bugs). When + invoked as sh, bash should be completely POSIX.2-compliant. + +jjj. The default value of PS1 is now "\s-\v\$ ". + +kkk. The ksh-like ((...)) arithmetic command syntax has been implemented. + This is exactly equivalent to `let "..."'. + +lll. Integer constants have been extended to base 64. + +mmm. The `ulimit' builtin now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the + soft limit by default. + +2. New Features in Readline + +a. New variables: enable-keypad, input-meta (new name for meta-flag), + mark-directories, visible-stats (now documented), disable-completion, + comment-begin. + +b. New bindable commands: kill-region, copy-region-as-kill, + copy-backward-word, copy-forward-word, set-mark, exchange-point-and-mark, + character-search, character-search-backward, insert-comment, + glob-expand-word, glob-list-expansions, dump-variables, dump-macros. + +c. New emacs keybindings: delete-horizontal-space (M-\), + insert-completions (M-*), possible-completions (M-=). + +d. The history-search-backward and history-search-forward commands were + modified to be the same as previous-line and next-line if point is at + the start of the line. + +e. More file types are available for the visible-stats mode. + +3. Changes of interest in the Bash implementation + +a. There is a new autoconf-based configuration mechanism. + +b. More things have been moved from Posix mode to standard shell behavior. + +c. The trace output (set -x) now inserts quotes where necessary so it can + be reused as input. + +d. There is a compile-time option for a system-wide interactive shell + startup file (disabled by default). + +e. The YACC grammar is smaller and tighter, and all 66 shift-reduce + conflicts are gone. Several parsing bugs have been fixed. + +f. Builtin option parsing has been regularized (using internal_getopt()), + with the exception of `echo', `type', and `set'. + +g. Builtins now return standard usage messages constructed from the + `short doc' used by the help builtin. + +h. Completion now quotes using backslashes by default, but honors + user-supplied quotes. + +i. The GNU libc malloc is available as a configure-time option. + +j. There are more internationalization features; bash uses gettext if + it is available. The $"..." translation syntax uses the current + locale and gettext. + +k. There is better reporting of job termination when the shell is not + interactive. + +l. The shell is somewhat more efficient: it uses a little less memory and + makes fewer system calls. + +4. Changes of interest in the Readline implementation + +a. There is now support for readline `callback' functions. + +b. There is now support for user-supplied input, redisplay, and terminal + preparation functions. + +c. Most of the shell-specific code in readline has been generalized or + removed. + +d. Most of the annoying redisplay bugs have been fixed, notably the problems + with incremental search and excessive redrawing when special characters + appear in the prompt string. + +e. There are new library functions and variables available to application + writers, most having to do with completion and quoting. + +f. The NEWLINE character (^J) is now treated as a search terminator by the + incremental search functions. +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, +are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright +notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, +without any warranty. diff --git a/doc/FAQ-4.1 b/doc/FAQ-4.1 new file mode 100644 index 000000000..778c82ef3 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/FAQ-4.1 @@ -0,0 +1,2199 @@ +This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.10, for Bash version 4.1. + +This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning +Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command +interpreter with advanced features for both interactive use and shell +programming. + +Another good source of basic information about shells is the collection +of FAQ articles periodically posted to comp.unix.shell. + +Questions and comments concerning this document should be sent to +chet.ramey@case.edu. + +This document is available for anonymous FTP with the URL + +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/FAQ + +The Bash home page is http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/bash/bashtop.html + +---------- +Contents: + +Section A: The Basics + +A1) What is it? +A2) What's the latest version? +A3) Where can I get it? +A4) On what machines will bash run? +A5) Will bash run on operating systems other than Unix? +A6) How can I build bash with gcc? +A7) How can I make bash my login shell? +A8) I just changed my login shell to bash, and now I can't FTP into my + machine. Why not? +A9) What's the `POSIX Shell and Utilities standard'? +A10) What is the bash `posix mode'? + +Section B: The latest version + +B1) What's new in version 4.1? +B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.1 and + previous bash versions? + +Section C: Differences from other Unix shells + +C1) How does bash differ from sh, the Bourne shell? +C2) How does bash differ from the Korn shell, version ksh88? +C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are? + +Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells? + +D1) Why does bash run a different version of `command' than + `which command' says it will? +D2) Why doesn't bash treat brace expansions exactly like csh? +D3) Why doesn't bash have csh variable modifiers? +D4) How can I make my csh aliases work when I convert to bash? +D5) How can I pipe standard output and standard error from one command to + another, like csh does with `|&'? +D6) Now that I've converted from ksh to bash, are there equivalents to + ksh features like autoloaded functions and the `whence' command? + +Section E: Why does bash do certain things the way it does? + +E1) Why is the bash builtin `test' slightly different from /bin/test? +E2) Why does bash sometimes say `Broken pipe'? +E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash + wrap lines at the wrong column? +E4) If I pipe the output of a command into `read variable', why doesn't + the output show up in $variable when the read command finishes? +E5) I have a bunch of shell scripts that use backslash-escaped characters + in arguments to `echo'. Bash doesn't interpret these characters. Why + not, and how can I make it understand them? +E6) Why doesn't a while or for loop get suspended when I type ^Z? +E7) What about empty for loops in Makefiles? +E8) Why does the arithmetic evaluation code complain about `08'? +E9) Why does the pattern matching expression [A-Z]* match files beginning + with every letter except `z'? +E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'? +E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash + notice the change? +E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect? +E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename? +E14) Why does quoting the pattern argument to the regular expression matching + conditional operator (=~) cause matching to stop working? +E15) Tell me more about the shell compatibility level. + +Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions + +F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'? +F2) I built bash on Solaris 2. Why do globbing expansions and filename + completion chop off the first few characters of each filename? +F3) Why does bash dump core after I interrupt username completion or + `~user' tilde expansion on a machine running NIS? +F4) I'm running SVR4.2. Why is the line erased every time I type `@'? +F5) Why does bash report syntax errors when my C News scripts use a + redirection before a subshell command? +F6) Why can't I use vi-mode editing on Red Hat Linux 6.1? +F7) Why do bash-2.05a and bash-2.05b fail to compile `printf.def' on + HP/UX 11.x? + +Section G: How can I get bash to do certain common things? + +G1) How can I get bash to read and display eight-bit characters? +G2) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but + still invoke the command from within the function? +G3) How can I find the value of a shell variable whose name is the value + of another shell variable? +G4) How can I make the bash `time' reserved word print timing output that + looks like the output from my system's /usr/bin/time? +G5) How do I get the current directory into my prompt? +G6) How can I rename "*.foo" to "*.bar"? +G7) How can I translate a filename from uppercase to lowercase? +G8) How can I write a filename expansion (globbing) pattern that will match + all files in the current directory except "." and ".."? + +Section H: Where do I go from here? + +H1) How do I report bugs in bash, and where should I look for fixes and + advice? +H2) What kind of bash documentation is there? +H3) What's coming in future versions? +H4) What's on the bash `wish list'? +H5) When will the next release appear? + +---------- +Section A: The Basics + +A1) What is it? + +Bash is a Unix command interpreter (shell). It is an implementation of +the Posix 1003.2 shell standard, and resembles the Korn and System V +shells. + +Bash contains a number of enhancements over those shells, both +for interactive use and shell programming. Features geared +toward interactive use include command line editing, command +history, job control, aliases, and prompt expansion. Programming +features include additional variable expansions, shell +arithmetic, and a number of variables and options to control +shell behavior. + +Bash was originally written by Brian Fox of the Free Software +Foundation. The current developer and maintainer is Chet Ramey +of Case Western Reserve University. + +A2) What's the latest version? + +The latest version is 4.1, first made available on XX January, 2010. + +A3) Where can I get it? + +Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the +master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. The +latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu. +The following URLs tell how to get version 4.1: + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz + +Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs: + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz + +Any patches for the current version are available with the URL: + +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1-patches/ + +A4) On what machines will bash run? + +Bash has been ported to nearly every version of Unix. All you +should have to do to build it on a machine for which a port +exists is to type `configure' and then `make'. The build process +will attempt to discover the version of Unix you have and tailor +itself accordingly, using a script created by GNU autoconf. + +More information appears in the file `INSTALL' in the distribution. + +The Bash web page (http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/bash/bashtop.html) +explains how to obtain binary versions of bash for most of the major +commercial Unix systems. + +A5) Will bash run on operating systems other than Unix? + +Configuration specifics for Unix-like systems such as QNX and +LynxOS are included in the distribution. Bash-2.05 and later +versions should compile and run on Minix 2.0 (patches were +contributed), but I don't believe anyone has built bash-2.x on +earlier Minix versions yet. + +Bash has been ported to versions of Windows implementing the Win32 +programming interface. This includes Windows 95 and Windows NT. +The port was done by Cygnus Solutions (now part of Red Hat) as part +of their CYGWIN project. For more information about the project, see +http://www.cygwin.com/. + +Cygnus originally ported bash-1.14.7, and that port was part of their +early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done +ports of bash-3.2 and bash-4.0 to the CYGWIN environment, and both +are available as part of their current release. + +Bash-2.05b and later versions should require no local Cygnus changes to +build and run under CYGWIN. + +DJ Delorie has a port of bash-2.x which runs under MS-DOS, as part +of the DJGPP project. For more information on the project, see + +http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/ + +I have been told that the original DJGPP port was done by Daisuke Aoyama. + +Mark Elbrecht has sent me notice that bash-2.04 +is available for DJGPP V2. The files are available as: + +ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204b.zip binary +ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204d.zip documentation +ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204s.zip source + +Mark began to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the current status. + +Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services +for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix. I do not anticipate any problems +with building bash-4.1, but will gladly accept any patches that are needed. + +A6) How can I build bash with gcc? + +Bash configures to use gcc by default if it is available. Read the +file INSTALL in the distribution for more information. + +A7) How can I make bash my login shell? + +Some machines let you use `chsh' to change your login shell. Other +systems use `passwd -s' or `passwd -e'. If one of these works for +you, that's all you need. Note that many systems require the full +pathname to a shell to appear in /etc/shells before you can make it +your login shell. For this, you may need the assistance of your +friendly local system administrator. + +If you cannot do this, you can still use bash as your login shell, but +you need to perform some tricks. The basic idea is to add a command +to your login shell's startup file to replace your login shell with +bash. + +For example, if your login shell is csh or tcsh, and you have installed +bash in /usr/gnu/bin/bash, add the following line to ~/.login: + + if ( -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ) exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login + +(the `--login' tells bash that it is a login shell). + +It's not a good idea to put this command into ~/.cshrc, because every +csh you run without the `-f' option, even ones started to run csh scripts, +reads that file. If you must put the command in ~/.cshrc, use something +like + + if ( $?prompt ) exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login + +to ensure that bash is exec'd only when the csh is interactive. + +If your login shell is sh or ksh, you have to do two things. + +First, create an empty file in your home directory named `.bash_profile'. +The existence of this file will prevent the exec'd bash from trying to +read ~/.profile, and re-execing itself over and over again. ~/.bash_profile +is the first file bash tries to read initialization commands from when +it is invoked as a login shell. + +Next, add a line similar to the above to ~/.profile: + + [ -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && [ -x /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && \ + exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login + +This will cause login shells to replace themselves with bash running as +a login shell. Once you have this working, you can copy your initialization +code from ~/.profile to ~/.bash_profile. + +I have received word that the recipe supplied above is insufficient for +machines running CDE. CDE has a maze of twisty little startup files, all +slightly different. + +If you cannot change your login shell in the password file to bash, you +will have to (apparently) live with CDE using the shell in the password +file to run its startup scripts. If you have changed your shell to bash, +there is code in the CDE startup files (on Solaris, at least) that attempts +to do the right thing. It is, however, often broken, and may require that +you use the $BASH_ENV trick described below. + +`dtterm' claims to use $SHELL as the default program to start, so if you +can change $SHELL in the CDE startup files, you should be able to use bash +in your terminal windows. + +Setting DTSOURCEPROFILE in ~/.dtprofile will cause the `Xsession' program +to read your login shell's startup files. You may be able to use bash for +the rest of the CDE programs by setting SHELL to bash in ~/.dtprofile as +well, but I have not tried this. + +You can use the above `exec' recipe to start bash when not logging in with +CDE by testing the value of the DT variable: + + if [ -n "$DT" ]; then + [ -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login + fi + +If CDE starts its shells non-interactively during login, the login shell +startup files (~/.profile, ~/.bash_profile) will not be sourced at login. +To get around this problem, append a line similar to the following to your +~/.dtprofile: + + BASH_ENV=${HOME}/.bash_profile ; export BASH_ENV + +and add the following line to the beginning of ~/.bash_profile: + + unset BASH_ENV + +A8) I just changed my login shell to bash, and now I can't FTP into my + machine. Why not? + +You must add the full pathname to bash to the file /etc/shells. As +noted in the answer to the previous question, many systems require +this before you can make bash your login shell. + +Most versions of ftpd use this file to prohibit `special' users +such as `uucp' and `news' from using FTP. + +A9) What's the `POSIX Shell and Utilities standard'? + +POSIX is a name originally coined by Richard Stallman for a +family of open system standards based on UNIX. There are a +number of aspects of UNIX under consideration for +standardization, from the basic system services at the system +call and C library level to applications and tools to system +administration and management. Each area of standardization is +assigned to a working group in the 1003 series. + +The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard was originally developed by +IEEE Working Group 1003.2 (POSIX.2). Today it has been merged with +the original 1003.1 Working Group and is maintained by the Austin +Group (a joint working group of the IEEE, The Open Group and +ISO/IEC SC22/WG15). Today the Shell and Utilities are a volume +within the set of documents that make up IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, and +thus now the former POSIX.2 (from 1992) is now part of the current +POSIX.1 standard (POSIX 1003.1-2001). + +The Shell and Utilities volume concentrates on the command +interpreter interface and utility programs commonly executed from +the command line or by other programs. The standard is freely +available on the web at http://www.UNIX-systems.org/version3/ . +Work continues at the Austin Group on maintenance issues; see +http://www.opengroup.org/austin/ to join the discussions. + +Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's behavior defined +by the POSIX Shell and Utilities volume. The shell command +language has of course been standardized, including the basic flow +control and program execution constructs, I/O redirection and +pipelining, argument handling, variable expansion, and quoting. + +The `special' builtins, which must be implemented as part of the +shell to provide the desired functionality, are specified as +being part of the shell; examples of these are `eval' and +`export'. Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX not +devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in some cases must +be) implemented as builtin commands, such as `read' and `test'. +POSIX also specifies aspects of the shell's interactive +behavior as part of the UPE, including job control and command +line editing. Only vi-style line editing commands have been +standardized; emacs editing commands were left out due to +objections. + +The latest version of the POSIX Shell and Utilities standard is +available (now updated to the 2004 Edition) as part of the Single +UNIX Specification Version 3 at + +http://www.UNIX-systems.org/version3/ + +A10) What is the bash `posix mode'? + +Although bash is an implementation of the POSIX shell +specification, there are areas where the bash default behavior +differs from that spec. The bash `posix mode' changes the bash +behavior in these areas so that it obeys the spec more closely. + +Posix mode is entered by starting bash with the --posix or +'-o posix' option or executing `set -o posix' after bash is running. + +The specific aspects of bash which change when posix mode is +active are listed in the file POSIX in the bash distribution. +They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual +(from which that file is generated). + +Section B: The latest version + +B1) What's new in version 4.1? + +Bash-4.1 is the first revision to the fourth major release of bash. + +Bash-4.1 contains the following new features (see the manual page for +complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-4.1 +distribution): + +o Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be + delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline. + +o Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file + system ACLs into account on file systems that support them. + +o Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid + shell variable names through into the environment passed to child + processes. + +o The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and + reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command + executes. + +o `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices. + +o New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty" + completion: completion attempted on an empty command line. + +o New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion: + a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been + defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is + attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions + as completion is attempted by having the default completion function + install individual completion functions each time it is invoked. + +o When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted. + +o Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended + after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries + are presented first. + +o The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the + ERR trap. + +o The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting + to parse commands. + +o There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to + forward all history entries to syslog. + +o A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to + child processes. + +o There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be + enabled by default. + +o New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace + output to that file descriptor. + +o If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the + shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file + descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator. + +o The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string + comparison according to the current locale. + +o Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a' + when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c. + +o Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to + the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility. + +o Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is + received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only. + +o The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS + characters, ignoring delimiters like newline. + +o The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via + callbacks in the history list. + +o There is a new `compat40' shopt option. + +o The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale + only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default). + +o New bindable readline function: menu-complete-backward. + +o In the readline vi-mode insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete + by default, and C-p to menu-complete-backward. + +o When in readline vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, + even when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how + historical vi behaves. + +o New bindable readline function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a + default to consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End + without having to bind all keys. + +o New bindable readline variable: skip-completed-text, active when + completing in the middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters + in the completion that match characters in the remainder of the word are + "skipped" rather than inserted into the line. + +o The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as + "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version. + +o New bindable readline variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and + the tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters + corresponding to keyboard-generated signals. + +o New bindable readline variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not + readline sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a + meta key that enables eight-bit characters. + +A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0: + +Bash-4.0 contained the following new features: + +o When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting + index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list. + +o There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of + the current shell. + +o There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt + to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a + simple command. + +o There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and + report any running or stopped jobs at exit. + +o The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to + a character describing the type of completion being attempted. + +o The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to + the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB). + +o The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as + readline when breaking the command line into a list of words. + +o The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in + Posix mode, as Posix specifies. + +o Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received + in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also + results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty + string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out, + it returns an exit status greater than 128. + +o The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by + new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently + restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs + of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command. + +o The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number + of threads) options. + +o There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify + completion options for existing completions or the completion currently + being executed. + +o The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply + buffer when using readline. + +o A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default + behavior for completion on an empty line. + +o There is now limited support for completing command name words containing + globbing characters. + +o The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description, + and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format. + +o There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a + given file. + +o If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function + named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the + function arguments. + +o There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code + treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within + them, when appropriate) recursively. + +o There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename + completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during + completion. + +o The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout + values. + +o Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and + will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the + same number of digits. + +o There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'. + It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list. + +o The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new + variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER + and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line + and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT, + respectively. + +o There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output + and standard error to the named file. + +o The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects + the standard error for a command through a pipe. + +o The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to + continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the + statement rather than terminating the command. + +o The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to + test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current + action, rather than terminating the command. + +o The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an + integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will + retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace + the intervening characters with `...'. + +o There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and + lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or + array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern + that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally- + configured feature to include capitalization operators. + +o The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate + support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them. + +o The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon + assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options. + There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at + assignment. + +o There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an + asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell. + Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the + PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables + with coproc-specific names. + +o A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is + input available to be read from the specified file descriptor. + +o CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged + mode. + +o New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word, + which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters + and honor shell quoting. + +o New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word + which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries + as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word. + +Bash-3.2 contained the following new features: + +o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing + characters when deciding whether or not a script is a binary file. + +o Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ (regexp) operator now + forces string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators. + +Bash-3.1 contained the following new features: + +o Bash-3.1 may now be configured and built in a mode that enforces strict + POSIX compliance. + +o The `+=' assignment operator, which appends to the value of a string or + array variable, has been implemented. + +o It is now possible to ignore case when matching in contexts other than + filename generation using the new `nocasematch' shell option. + +Bash-3.0 contained the following new features: + +o Features to support the bash debugger have been implemented, and there + is a new `extdebug' option to turn the non-default options on + +o HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of options and has been + extended with a new `erasedups' option that will result in only one + copy of a command being kept in the history list + +o Brace expansion has been extended with a new {x..y} form, producing + sequences of digits or characters + +o Timestamps are now kept with history entries, with an option to save + and restore them from the history file; there is a new HISTTIMEFORMAT + variable describing how to display the timestamps when listing history + entries + +o The `[[' command can now perform extended regular expression (egrep-like) + matching, with matched subexpressions placed in the BASH_REMATCH array + variable + +o A new `pipefail' option causes a pipeline to return a failure status if + any command in it fails + +o The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation + in their arguments even if job control is not enabled + +o The `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated, and the shell + messages may be translated into other languages + +Bash-2.05b introduced the following new features: + +o support for multibyte characters has been added to both bash and readline + +o the DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands, + [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops + +o the shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the machine + supports (intmax_t) + +o there is a new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime(3) + and inserts the result into the expanded prompt + +o there is a new `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word + +o when displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown + separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use + the old output would result in syntax errors). + +o `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor + +o the bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the + new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like, + and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better + +o the expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the + function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a + script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as + POSIX-2001 requires + +Bash-2.05a introduced the following new features: + +o The `printf' builtin has undergone major work + +o There is a new read-only `shopt' option: login_shell, which is set by + login shells and unset otherwise + +o New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expanding to time in 24-hour + HH:MM format + +o New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; goes group name + completion + +o New [+-]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup + +o ksh-like `ERR' trap + +o `for' loops now allow empty word lists after the `in' reserved word + +o new `hard' and `soft' arguments for the `ulimit' builtin + +o Readline can be configured to place the user at the same point on the line + when retrieving commands from the history list + +o Readline can be configured to skip `hidden' files (filenames with a leading + `.' on Unix) when performing completion + +Bash-2.05 introduced the following new features: + +o This version has once again reverted to using locales and strcoll(3) when + processing pattern matching bracket expressions, as POSIX requires. +o Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile', + per the new GNU coding standards. +o The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as + port numbers. +o `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some + of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are: + + default - perform bash default completion if programmable + completion produces no matches + dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable + completion produces no matches + filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames, + so it can do things like append slashes to + directory names and suppress trailing spaces +o A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks + in pathname arguments. +o When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a + way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and + `declare -p' as well. This only happens when the shell is not in POSIX + mode, since POSIX.2 forbids this behavior. + +Bash-2.04 introduced the following new features: + +o Programmable word completion with the new `complete' and `compgen' builtins; + examples are provided in examples/complete/complete-examples +o `history' has a new `-d' option to delete a history entry +o `bind' has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell commands +o The prompt expansion code has new `\j' and `\l' escape sequences +o The `no_empty_cmd_completion' shell option, if enabled, inhibits + command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line +o `help' has a new `-s' option to print a usage synopsis +o New arithmetic operators: var++, var--, ++var, --var, expr1,expr2 (comma) +o New ksh93-style arithmetic for command: + for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done +o `read' has new options: `-t', `-n', `-d', `-s' +o The redirection code handles several filenames specially: /dev/fd/N, + /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr +o The redirection code now recognizes /dev/tcp/HOST/PORT and + /dev/udp/HOST/PORT and tries to open a TCP or UDP socket, respectively, + to the specified port on the specified host +o The ${!prefix*} expansion has been implemented +o A new FUNCNAME variable, which expands to the name of a currently-executing + function +o The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly +o A new shopt `xpg_echo' variable, to control the behavior of echo with + respect to backslash-escape sequences at runtime +o The NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define has returned + +The version of Readline released with Bash-2.04, Readline-4.1, had several +new features as well: + +o Parentheses matching is always compiled into readline, and controllable + with the new `blink-matching-paren' variable +o The history-search-forward and history-search-backward functions now leave + point at the end of the line when the search string is empty, like + reverse-search-history, and forward-search-history +o A new function for applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt() +o New variables for applications: rl_already_prompted, and rl_gnu_readline_p + + +Bash-2.03 had very few new features, in keeping with the convention +that odd-numbered releases provide mainly bug fixes. A number of new +features were added to Readline, mostly at the request of the Cygnus +folks. + +A new shopt option, `restricted_shell', so that startup files can test + whether or not the shell was started in restricted mode +Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in + compound array assignments (this is really a bug fix) +OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 requires +ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell +Bash may now be linked against an already-installed Readline library, + as long as the Readline library is version 4 or newer +All shells begun with the `--login' option will source the login shell + startup files, even if the shell is not interactive + +There were lots of changes to the version of the Readline library released +along with Bash-2.03. For a complete list of the changes, read the file +CHANGES in the Bash-2.03 distribution. + +Bash-2.02 contained the following new features: + +a new version of malloc (based on the old GNU malloc code in previous + bash versions) that is more page-oriented, more conservative + with memory usage, does not `orphan' large blocks when they + are freed, is usable on 64-bit machines, and has allocation + checking turned on unconditionally +POSIX.2-style globbing character classes ([:alpha:], [:alnum:], etc.) +POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes +POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols +the ksh [[...]] extended conditional command +the ksh egrep-style extended pattern matching operators +a new `printf' builtin +the ksh-like $(, &>, >|, <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>& + prompt string special char translation and variable expansion + auto-export of variables in initial environment + command search finds functions before builtins + bash return builtin will exit a file sourced with `.' + builtins: cd -/-L/-P, exec -l/-c/-a, echo -e/-E, hash -d/-l/-p/-t. + export -n/-f/-p/name=value, pwd -L/-P, + read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u/-i/-N, + readonly -a/-f/name=value, trap -l, set +o, + set -b/-m/-o option/-h/-p/-B/-C/-H/-P, + unset -f/-v, ulimit -i/-m/-p/-q/-u/-x, + type -a/-p/-t/-f/-P, suspend -f, kill -n, + test -o optname/s1 == s2/s1 < s2/s1 > s2/-nt/-ot/-ef/-O/-G/-S + bash reads ~/.bashrc for interactive shells, $ENV for non-interactive + bash restricted shell mode is more extensive + bash allows functions and variables with the same name + brace expansion + tilde expansion + arithmetic expansion with $((...)) and `let' builtin + the `[[...]]' extended conditional command + process substitution + aliases and alias/unalias builtins + local variables in functions and `local' builtin + readline and command-line editing with programmable completion + command history and history/fc builtins + csh-like history expansion + other new bash builtins: bind, command, compgen, complete, builtin, + declare/typeset, dirs, enable, fc, help, + history, logout, popd, pushd, disown, shopt, + printf, compopt, mapfile + exported functions + filename generation when using output redirection (command >a*) + POSIX.2-style globbing character classes + POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes + POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols + egrep-like extended pattern matching operators + case-insensitive pattern matching and globbing + variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command, + even for builtins and functions + posix mode and strict posix conformance + redirection to /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr, + /dev/tcp/host/port, /dev/udp/host/port + debugger support, including `caller' builtin and new variables + RETURN trap + the `+=' assignment operator + autocd shell option and behavior + command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function + globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior + |& synonym for `2>&1 |' + ;& and ;;& case action list terminators + case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes + associative arrays + coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables + shell assignment of a file descriptor used in a redirection to a variable + +Things sh has that bash does not: + uses variable SHACCT to do shell accounting + includes `stop' builtin (bash can use alias stop='kill -s STOP') + `newgrp' builtin + turns on job control if called as `jsh' + $TIMEOUT (like bash $TMOUT) + `^' is a synonym for `|' + new SVR4.2 sh builtins: mldmode, priv + +Implementation differences: + redirection to/from compound commands causes sh to create a subshell + bash does not allow unbalanced quotes; sh silently inserts them at EOF + bash does not mess with signal 11 + sh sets (euid, egid) to (uid, gid) if -p not supplied and uid < 100 + bash splits only the results of expansions on IFS, using POSIX.2 + field splitting rules; sh splits all words on IFS + sh does not allow MAILCHECK to be unset (?) + sh does not allow traps on SIGALRM or SIGCHLD + bash allows multiple option arguments when invoked (e.g. -x -v); + sh allows only a single option argument (`sh -x -v' attempts + to open a file named `-v', and, on SunOS 4.1.4, dumps core. + On Solaris 2.4 and earlier versions, sh goes into an infinite + loop.) + sh exits a script if any builtin fails; bash exits only if one of + the POSIX.2 `special' builtins fails + +C2) How does bash differ from the Korn shell, version ksh88? + +Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not: + long invocation options + [-+]O invocation option + -l invocation option + `!' reserved word + arithmetic for command: for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done + arithmetic in largest machine-supported size (intmax_t) + posix mode and posix conformance + command hashing + tilde expansion for assignment statements that look like $PATH + process substitution with named pipes if /dev/fd is not available + the ${!param} indirect parameter expansion operator + the ${!param*} prefix expansion operator + the ${param:offset[:length]} parameter substring operator + the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator + variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, BASHPID, UID, EUID, SHLVL, + TIMEFORMAT, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE, + HISTFILESIZE, HISTIGNORE, HISTCONTROL, PROMPT_COMMAND, + IGNOREEOF, FIGNORE, INPUTRC, HOSTFILE, DIRSTACK, + PIPESTATUS, HOSTNAME, OPTERR, SHELLOPTS, GLOBIGNORE, + GROUPS, FUNCNAME, histchars, auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM + prompt expansion with backslash escapes and command substitution + redirection: &> (stdout and stderr), <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>& + more extensive and extensible editing and programmable completion + builtins: bind, builtin, command, declare, dirs, echo -e/-E, enable, + exec -l/-c/-a, fc -s, export -n/-f/-p, hash, help, history, + jobs -x/-r/-s, kill -s/-n/-l, local, logout, popd, pushd, + read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-N, readonly -a/-n/-f/-p, + set -o braceexpand/-o histexpand/-o interactive-comments/ + -o notify/-o physical/-o posix/-o hashall/-o onecmd/ + -h/-B/-C/-b/-H/-P, set +o, suspend, trap -l, type, + typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -i/-q/-u/-x, umask -S, alias -p, + shopt, disown, printf, complete, compgen, compopt, mapfile + `!' csh-style history expansion + POSIX.2-style globbing character classes + POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes + POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols + egrep-like extended pattern matching operators + case-insensitive pattern matching and globbing + `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation + redirection to /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr + arrays of unlimited size + TMOUT is default timeout for `read' and `select' + debugger support, including the `caller' builtin + RETURN trap + Timestamps in history entries + {x..y} brace expansion + The `+=' assignment operator + autocd shell option and behavior + command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function + globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior + |& synonym for `2>&1 |' + ;& and ;;& case action list terminators + case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes + associative arrays + coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables + shell assignment of a file descriptor used in a redirection to a variable + +Things ksh88 has or uses that bash does not: + tracked aliases (alias -t) + variables: ERRNO, FPATH, EDITOR, VISUAL + co-processes (bash uses different syntax) + weirdly-scoped functions + typeset +f to list all function names without definitions + text of command history kept in a file, not memory + builtins: alias -x, cd old new, newgrp, print, + read -p/-s/var?prompt, set -A/-o gmacs/ + -o bgnice/-o markdirs/-o trackall/-o viraw/-s, + typeset -H/-L/-R/-Z/-A/-ft/-fu/-fx/-t, whence + using environment to pass attributes of exported variables + arithmetic evaluation done on arguments to some builtins + reads .profile from $PWD when invoked as login shell + +Implementation differences: + ksh runs last command of a pipeline in parent shell context + bash has brace expansion by default (ksh88 compile-time option) + bash has fixed startup file for all interactive shells; ksh reads $ENV + bash has exported functions + bash command search finds functions before builtins + bash waits for all commands in pipeline to exit before returning status + emacs-mode editing has some slightly different key bindings + +C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are? + +This list is current through ksh93t+ (05/05/2009) + +New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.1: + floating point arithmetic and variables + math library functions + ${!name[sub]} name of subscript for associative array + `.' is allowed in variable names to create a hierarchical namespace + more extensive compound assignment syntax + discipline functions + KEYBD trap + variables: .sh.edchar, .sh.edmode, .sh.edcol, .sh.edtext, .sh.version, + .sh.name, .sh.subscript, .sh.value, .sh.match, HISTEDIT + backreferences in pattern matching (\N) + `&' operator in pattern lists for matching (match all instead of any) + exit statuses between 0 and 255 + FPATH and PATH mixing + lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions + no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions + $'' \C[.collating-element.] escape sequence + -C/-I invocation options + print -f (bash uses printf) + `fc' has been renamed to `hist' + `.' can execute shell functions + getopts -a + printf %B, %H, %P, %R, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d, `=' flag + read -n/-N differ/-v + set -o showme/-o multiline (bash default) + `sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions) + typeset -n and `nameref' variables + [[ -R name ]] (checks whether or not name is a nameref) + typeset -C/-S/-T/-X/-h/-s + experimental `type' definitions (a la typedef) using typeset + negative subscripts for indexed array variables + array expansions ${array[sub1..sub2]} and ${!array[sub1..sub2]} + associative array assignments using `;' as element separator + command substitution $(n<#) expands to current byte offset for fd N + new '${ ' form of command substitution, executed in current shell + new >;/<>;/<#pat/<##pat/<#/># redirections + brace expansion printf-like formats + [[ -v var ]] operators (checks whether or not var is set) + +New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.1: + associative arrays + [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close) + for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command + ?:, ++, --, `expr1 , expr2' arithmetic operators + expansions: ${!param}, ${param:offset[:len]}, ${param/pat[/str]}, + ${!param*} + compound array assignment + the `!' reserved word + loadable builtins -- but ksh uses `builtin' while bash uses `enable' + new $'...' and $"..." quoting + FIGNORE (but bash uses GLOBIGNORE), HISTCMD + brace expansion and set -B + changes to kill builtin + `command', `builtin', `disown' builtins + echo -e + exec -c/-a + read -A (bash uses read -a) + read -t/-d + trap -p + `.' restores the positional parameters when it completes + set -o notify/-C + set -o pipefail + set -G (-o globstar) and ** + POSIX.2 `test' + umask -S + unalias -a + command and arithmetic substitution performed on PS1, PS4, and ENV + command name completion, TAB displaying possible completions + ENV processed only for interactive shells + The `+=' assignment operator + the `;&' case statement "fallthrough" pattern list terminator + csh-style history expansion and set -H + negative offsets in ${param:offset:length} + redirection operators preceded with {varname} to store fd number in varname + DEBUG can force skipping following command + +Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells? + +D1) Why does bash run a different version of `command' than + `which command' says it will? + +On many systems, `which' is actually a csh script that assumes +you're running csh. In tcsh, `which' and its cousin `where' +are builtins. On other Unix systems, `which' is a perl script +that uses the PATH environment variable. Many Linux distributions +use GNU `which', which is a C program that can understand shell +aliases. + +The csh script version reads the csh startup files from your +home directory and uses those to determine which `command' will +be invoked. Since bash doesn't use any of those startup files, +there's a good chance that your bash environment differs from +your csh environment. The bash `type' builtin does everything +`which' does, and will report correct results for the running +shell. If you're really wedded to the name `which', try adding +the following function definition to your .bashrc: + + which() + { + builtin type "$@" + } + +If you're moving from tcsh and would like to bring `where' along +as well, use this function: + + where() + { + builtin type -a "$@" + } + +D2) Why doesn't bash treat brace expansions exactly like csh? + +The only difference between bash and csh brace expansion is that +bash requires a brace expression to contain at least one unquoted +comma if it is to be expanded. Any brace-surrounded word not +containing an unquoted comma is left unchanged by the brace +expansion code. This affords the greatest degree of sh +compatibility. + +Bash, ksh, zsh, and pd-ksh all implement brace expansion this way. + +D3) Why doesn't bash have csh variable modifiers? + +Posix has specified a more powerful, albeit somewhat more cryptic, +mechanism cribbed from ksh, and bash implements it. + +${parameter%word} + Remove smallest suffix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce + a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the + smallest portion of the suffix matched by the pattern deleted. + + x=file.c + echo ${x%.c}.o + -->file.o + +${parameter%%word} + + Remove largest suffix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce + a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the + largest portion of the suffix matched by the pattern deleted. + + x=posix/src/std + echo ${x%%/*} + -->posix + +${parameter#word} + Remove smallest prefix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce + a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the + smallest portion of the prefix matched by the pattern deleted. + + x=$HOME/src/cmd + echo ${x#$HOME} + -->/src/cmd + +${parameter##word} + Remove largest prefix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce + a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the + largest portion of the prefix matched by the pattern deleted. + + x=/one/two/three + echo ${x##*/} + -->three + + +Given + a=/a/b/c/d + b=b.xxx + + csh bash result + --- ---- ------ + $a:h ${a%/*} /a/b/c + $a:t ${a##*/} d + $b:r ${b%.*} b + $b:e ${b##*.} xxx + + +D4) How can I make my csh aliases work when I convert to bash? + +Bash uses a different syntax to support aliases than csh does. +The details can be found in the documentation. We have provided +a shell script which does most of the work of conversion for you; +this script can be found in ./examples/misc/aliasconv.sh. Here is +how you use it: + +Start csh in the normal way for you. (e.g., `csh') + +Pipe the output of `alias' through `aliasconv.sh', saving the +results into `bash_aliases': + + alias | bash aliasconv.sh >bash_aliases + +Edit `bash_aliases', carefully reading through any created +functions. You will need to change the names of some csh specific +variables to the bash equivalents. The script converts $cwd to +$PWD, $term to $TERM, $home to $HOME, $user to $USER, and $prompt +to $PS1. You may also have to add quotes to avoid unwanted +expansion. + +For example, the csh alias: + + alias cd 'cd \!*; echo $cwd' + +is converted to the bash function: + + cd () { command cd "$@"; echo $PWD ; } + +The only thing that needs to be done is to quote $PWD: + + cd () { command cd "$@"; echo "$PWD" ; } + +Merge the edited file into your ~/.bashrc. + +There is an additional, more ambitious, script in +examples/misc/cshtobash that attempts to convert your entire csh +environment to its bash equivalent. This script can be run as +simply `cshtobash' to convert your normal interactive +environment, or as `cshtobash ~/.login' to convert your login +environment. + +D5) How can I pipe standard output and standard error from one command to + another, like csh does with `|&'? + +Use + command 2>&1 | command2 + +The key is to remember that piping is performed before redirection, so +file descriptor 1 points to the pipe when it is duplicated onto file +descriptor 2. + +D6) Now that I've converted from ksh to bash, are there equivalents to + ksh features like autoloaded functions and the `whence' command? + +There are features in ksh-88 and ksh-93 that do not have direct bash +equivalents. Most, however, can be emulated with very little trouble. + +ksh-88 feature Bash equivalent +-------------- --------------- +compiled-in aliases set up aliases in .bashrc; some ksh aliases are + bash builtins (hash, history, type) +coprocesses named pipe pairs (one for read, one for write) +typeset +f declare -F +cd, print, whence function substitutes in examples/functions/kshenv +autoloaded functions examples/functions/autoload is the same as typeset -fu +read var?prompt read -p prompt var + +ksh-93 feature Bash equivalent +-------------- --------------- +sleep, getconf Bash has loadable versions in examples/loadables +${.sh.version} $BASH_VERSION +print -f printf +hist alias hist=fc +$HISTEDIT $FCEDIT + +Section E: How can I get bash to do certain things, and why does bash do + things the way it does? + +E1) Why is the bash builtin `test' slightly different from /bin/test? + +The specific example used here is [ ! x -o x ], which is false. + +Bash's builtin `test' implements the Posix.2 spec, which can be +summarized as follows (the wording is due to David Korn): + +Here is the set of rules for processing test arguments. + + 0 Args: False + 1 Arg: True iff argument is not null. + 2 Args: If first arg is !, True iff second argument is null. + If first argument is unary, then true if unary test is true + Otherwise error. + 3 Args: If second argument is a binary operator, do binary test of $1 $3 + If first argument is !, negate two argument test of $2 $3 + If first argument is `(' and third argument is `)', do the + one-argument test of the second argument. + Otherwise error. + 4 Args: If first argument is !, negate three argument test of $2 $3 $4. + Otherwise unspecified + 5 or more Args: unspecified. (Historical shells would use their + current algorithm). + +The operators -a and -o are considered binary operators for the purpose +of the 3 Arg case. + +As you can see, the test becomes (not (x or x)), which is false. + +E2) Why does bash sometimes say `Broken pipe'? + +If a sequence of commands appears in a pipeline, and one of the +reading commands finishes before the writer has finished, the +writer receives a SIGPIPE signal. Many other shells special-case +SIGPIPE as an exit status in the pipeline and do not report it. +For example, in: + + ps -aux | head + +`head' can finish before `ps' writes all of its output, and ps +will try to write on a pipe without a reader. In that case, bash +will print `Broken pipe' to stderr when ps is killed by a +SIGPIPE. + +As of bash-3.1, bash does not report SIGPIPE errors by default. You +can build a version of bash that will report such errors. + +E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash + wrap lines at the wrong column? + +Readline, the line editing library that bash uses, does not know +that the terminal escape sequences do not take up space on the +screen. The redisplay code assumes, unless told otherwise, that +each character in the prompt is a `printable' character that +takes up one character position on the screen. + +You can use the bash prompt expansion facility (see the PROMPTING +section in the manual page) to tell readline that sequences of +characters in the prompt strings take up no screen space. + +Use the \[ escape to begin a sequence of non-printing characters, +and the \] escape to signal the end of such a sequence. + +E4) If I pipe the output of a command into `read variable', why doesn't + the output show up in $variable when the read command finishes? + +This has to do with the parent-child relationship between Unix +processes. It affects all commands run in pipelines, not just +simple calls to `read'. For example, piping a command's output +into a `while' loop that repeatedly calls `read' will result in +the same behavior. + +Each element of a pipeline, even a builtin or shell function, +runs in a separate process, a child of the shell running the +pipeline. A subprocess cannot affect its parent's environment. +When the `read' command sets the variable to the input, that +variable is set only in the subshell, not the parent shell. When +the subshell exits, the value of the variable is lost. + +Many pipelines that end with `read variable' can be converted +into command substitutions, which will capture the output of +a specified command. The output can then be assigned to a +variable: + + grep ^gnu /usr/lib/news/active | wc -l | read ngroup + +can be converted into + + ngroup=$(grep ^gnu /usr/lib/news/active | wc -l) + +This does not, unfortunately, work to split the text among +multiple variables, as read does when given multiple variable +arguments. If you need to do this, you can either use the +command substitution above to read the output into a variable +and chop up the variable using the bash pattern removal +expansion operators or use some variant of the following +approach. + +Say /usr/local/bin/ipaddr is the following shell script: + +#! /bin/sh +host `hostname` | awk '/address/ {print $NF}' + +Instead of using + + /usr/local/bin/ipaddr | read A B C D + +to break the local machine's IP address into separate octets, use + + OIFS="$IFS" + IFS=. + set -- $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr) + IFS="$OIFS" + A="$1" B="$2" C="$3" D="$4" + +Beware, however, that this will change the shell's positional +parameters. If you need them, you should save them before doing +this. + +This is the general approach -- in most cases you will not need to +set $IFS to a different value. + +Some other user-supplied alternatives include: + +read A B C D << HERE + $(IFS=.; echo $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr)) +HERE + +and, where process substitution is available, + +read A B C D < <(IFS=.; echo $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr)) + +E5) I have a bunch of shell scripts that use backslash-escaped characters + in arguments to `echo'. Bash doesn't interpret these characters. Why + not, and how can I make it understand them? + +This is the behavior of echo on most Unix System V machines. + +The bash builtin `echo' is modeled after the 9th Edition +Research Unix version of `echo'. It does not interpret +backslash-escaped characters in its argument strings by default; +it requires the use of the -e option to enable the +interpretation. The System V echo provides no way to disable the +special characters; the bash echo has a -E option to disable +them. + +There is a configuration option that will make bash behave like +the System V echo and interpret things like `\t' by default. Run +configure with the --enable-xpg-echo-default option to turn this +on. Be aware that this will cause some of the tests run when you +type `make tests' to fail. + +There is a shell option, `xpg_echo', settable with `shopt', that will +change the behavior of echo at runtime. Enabling this option turns +on expansion of backslash-escape sequences. + +E6) Why doesn't a while or for loop get suspended when I type ^Z? + +This is a consequence of how job control works on Unix. The only +thing that can be suspended is the process group. This is a single +command or pipeline of commands that the shell forks and executes. + +When you run a while or for loop, the only thing that the shell forks +and executes are any commands in the while loop test and commands in +the loop bodies. These, therefore, are the only things that can be +suspended when you type ^Z. + +If you want to be able to stop the entire loop, you need to put it +within parentheses, which will force the loop into a subshell that +may be stopped (and subsequently restarted) as a single unit. + +E7) What about empty for loops in Makefiles? + +It's fairly common to see constructs like this in automatically-generated +Makefiles: + +SUBDIRS = @SUBDIRS@ + + ... + +subdirs-clean: + for d in ${SUBDIRS}; do \ + ( cd $$d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean ) \ + done + +When SUBDIRS is empty, this results in a command like this being passed to +bash: + + for d in ; do + ( cd $d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean ) + done + +In versions of bash before bash-2.05a, this was a syntax error. If the +reserved word `in' was present, a word must follow it before the semicolon +or newline. The language in the manual page referring to the list of words +being empty referred to the list after it is expanded. These versions of +bash required that there be at least one word following the `in' when the +construct was parsed. + +The idiomatic Makefile solution is something like: + +SUBDIRS = @SUBDIRS@ + +subdirs-clean: + subdirs=$SUBDIRS ; for d in $$subdirs; do \ + ( cd $$d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean ) \ + done + +The latest updated POSIX standard has changed this: the word list +is no longer required. Bash versions 2.05a and later accept the +new syntax. + +E8) Why does the arithmetic evaluation code complain about `08'? + +The bash arithmetic evaluation code (used for `let', $(()), (()), and in +other places), interprets a leading `0' in numeric constants as denoting +an octal number, and a leading `0x' as denoting hexadecimal. This is +in accordance with the POSIX.2 spec, section 2.9.2.1, which states that +arithmetic constants should be handled as signed long integers as defined +by the ANSI/ISO C standard. + +The POSIX.2 interpretation committee has confirmed this: + +http://www.pasc.org/interps/unofficial/db/p1003.2/pasc-1003.2-173.html + +E9) Why does the pattern matching expression [A-Z]* match files beginning + with every letter except `z'? + +Bash-2.03, Bash-2.05 and later versions honor the current locale setting +when processing ranges within pattern matching bracket expressions ([A-Z]). +This is what POSIX.2 and SUSv3/XPG6 specify. + +The behavior of the matcher in bash-2.05 and later versions depends on the +current LC_COLLATE setting. Setting this variable to `C' or `POSIX' will +result in the traditional behavior ([A-Z] matches all uppercase ASCII +characters). Many other locales, including the en_US locale (the default +on many US versions of Linux) collate the upper and lower case letters like +this: + + AaBb...Zz + +which means that [A-Z] matches every letter except `z'. Others collate like + + aAbBcC...zZ + +which means that [A-Z] matches every letter except `a'. + +The portable way to specify upper case letters is [:upper:] instead of +A-Z; lower case may be specified as [:lower:] instead of a-z. + +Look at the manual pages for setlocale(3), strcoll(3), and, if it is +present, locale(1). If you have locale(1), you can use it to find +your current locale information even if you do not have any of the +LC_ variables set. + +My advice is to put + + export LC_COLLATE=C + +into /etc/profile and inspect any shell scripts run from cron for +constructs like [A-Z]. This will prevent things like + + rm [A-Z]* + +from removing every file in the current directory except those beginning +with `z' and still allow individual users to change the collation order. +Users may put the above command into their own profiles as well, of course. + +E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'? + +POSIX.2, in its description of `cd', says that *three* or more leading +slashes may be replaced with a single slash when canonicalizing the +current working directory. + +This is, I presume, for historical compatibility. Certain versions of +Unix, and early network file systems, used paths of the form +//hostname/path to access `path' on server `hostname'. + +E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash + notice the change? + +This is another issue that deals with job control. + +The kernel maintains a notion of a current terminal process group. Members +of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the +current terminal process group ID) receive terminal-generated signals like +SIGWINCH. (For more details, see the JOB CONTROL section of the bash +man page.) + +If a terminal is resized, the kernel sends SIGWINCH to each member of +the terminal's current process group (the `foreground' process group). + +When bash is running with job control enabled, each pipeline (which may be +a single command) is run in its own process group, different from bash's +process group. This foreground process group receives the SIGWINCH; bash +does not. Bash has no way of knowing that the terminal has been resized. + +There is a `checkwinsize' option, settable with the `shopt' builtin, that +will cause bash to check the window size and adjust its idea of the +terminal's dimensions each time a process stops or exits and returns control +of the terminal to bash. Enable it with `shopt -s checkwinsize'. + +E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect? + +When substring expansion of the form ${param:offset[:length} is used, +an `offset' that evaluates to a number less than zero counts back from +the end of the expanded value of $param. + +When a negative `offset' begins with a minus sign, however, unexpected things +can happen. Consider + + a=12345678 + echo ${a:-4} + +intending to print the last four characters of $a. The problem is that +${param:-word} already has a well-defined meaning: expand to word if the +expanded value of param is unset or null, and $param otherwise. + +To use negative offsets that begin with a minus sign, separate the +minus sign and the colon with a space. + +E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename? + +Filename completion (and word completion in general) may appear to behave +improperly if there is a colon in the word to be completed. + +The colon is special to readline's word completion code: it is one of the +characters that breaks words for the completer. Readline uses these characters +in sort of the same way that bash uses $IFS: they break or separate the words +the completion code hands to the application-specific or default word +completion functions. The original intent was to make it easy to edit +colon-separated lists (such as $PATH in bash) in various applications using +readline for input. + +This is complicated by the fact that some versions of the popular +`bash-completion' programmable completion package have problems with the +default completion behavior in the presence of colons. + +The current set of completion word break characters is available in bash as +the value of the COMP_WORDBREAKS variable. Removing `:' from that value is +enough to make the colon not special to completion: + +COMP_WORDBREAKS=${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:} + +You can also quote the colon with a backslash to achieve the same result +temporarily. + +E14) Why does quoting the pattern argument to the regular expression matching + conditional operator (=~) cause regexp matching to stop working? + +In versions of bash prior to bash-3.2, the effect of quoting the regular +expression argument to the [[ command's =~ operator was not specified. +The practical effect was that double-quoting the pattern argument required +backslashes to quote special pattern characters, which interfered with the +backslash processing performed by double-quoted word expansion and was +inconsistent with how the == shell pattern matching operator treated +quoted characters. + +In bash-3.2, the shell was changed to internally quote characters in single- +and double-quoted string arguments to the =~ operator, which suppresses the +special meaning of the characters special to regular expression processing +(`.', `[', `\', `(', `), `*', `+', `?', `{', `|', `^', and `$') and forces +them to be matched literally. This is consistent with how the `==' pattern +matching operator treats quoted portions of its pattern argument. + +Since the treatment of quoted string arguments was changed, several issues +have arisen, chief among them the problem of white space in pattern arguments +and the differing treatment of quoted strings between bash-3.1 and bash-3.2. +Both problems may be solved by using a shell variable to hold the pattern. +Since word splitting is not performed when expanding shell variables in all +operands of the [[ command, this allows users to quote patterns as they wish +when assigning the variable, then expand the values to a single string that +may contain whitespace. The first problem may be solved by using backslashes +or any other quoting mechanism to escape the white space in the patterns. + +Bash-4.0 introduces the concept of a `compatibility level', controlled by +several options to the `shopt' builtin. If the `compat31' option is enabled, +bash reverts to the bash-3.1 behavior with respect to quoting the rhs of +the =~ operator. + +E15) Tell me more about the shell compatibility level. + +Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified +as a set of options to the shopt builtin (compat31, compat32, compat40 at +this writing). There is only one current compatibility level -- each +option is mutually exclusive. This list does not mention behavior that is +standard for a particular version (e.g., setting compat32 means that quoting +the rhs of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in +the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and above). + +compat31 set + - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current + locale when comparing strings + - quoting the rhs of the regexp matching operator (=~) has no + special effect + +compat32 set + - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current + locale when comparing strings + +compat40 set + - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current + locale when comparing strings + - interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the execution + of the entire list to be aborted + +Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions + +F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'? + +The problem is `cmdtool' and bash fighting over the input. When +scrolling is enabled in a cmdtool window, cmdtool puts the tty in +`raw mode' to permit command-line editing using the mouse for +applications that cannot do it themselves. As a result, bash and +cmdtool each try to read keyboard input immediately, with neither +getting enough of it to be useful. + +This mode also causes cmdtool to not implement many of the +terminal functions and control sequences appearing in the +`sun-cmd' termcap entry. For a more complete explanation, see +that file examples/suncmd.termcap in the bash distribution. + +`xterm' is a better choice, and gets along with bash much more +smoothly. + +If you must use cmdtool, you can use the termcap description in +examples/suncmd.termcap. Set the TERMCAP variable to the terminal +description contained in that file, i.e. + +TERMCAP='Mu|sun-cmd:am:bs:km:pt:li#34:co#80:cl=^L:ce=\E[K:cd=\E[J:rs=\E[s:' + +Then export TERMCAP and start a new cmdtool window from that shell. +The bash command-line editing should behave better in the new +cmdtool. If this works, you can put the assignment to TERMCAP +in your bashrc file. + +F2) I built bash on Solaris 2. Why do globbing expansions and filename + completion chop off the first few characters of each filename? + +This is the consequence of building bash on SunOS 5 and linking +with the libraries in /usr/ucblib, but using the definitions +and structures from files in /usr/include. + +The actual conflict is between the dirent structure in +/usr/include/dirent.h and the struct returned by the version of +`readdir' in libucb.a (a 4.3-BSD style `struct direct'). + +Make sure you've got /usr/ccs/bin ahead of /usr/ucb in your $PATH +when configuring and building bash. This will ensure that you +use /usr/ccs/bin/cc or acc instead of /usr/ucb/cc and that you +link with libc before libucb. + +If you have installed the Sun C compiler, you may also need to +put /usr/ccs/bin and /opt/SUNWspro/bin into your $PATH before +/usr/ucb. + +F3) Why does bash dump core after I interrupt username completion or + `~user' tilde expansion on a machine running NIS? + +This is a famous and long-standing bug in the SunOS YP (sorry, NIS) +client library, which is part of libc. + +The YP library code keeps static state -- a pointer into the data +returned from the server. When YP initializes itself (setpwent), +it looks at this pointer and calls free on it if it's non-null. +So far, so good. + +If one of the YP functions is interrupted during getpwent (the +exact function is interpretwithsave()), and returns NULL, the +pointer is freed without being reset to NULL, and the function +returns. The next time getpwent is called, it sees that this +pointer is non-null, calls free, and the bash free() blows up +because it's being asked to free freed memory. + +The traditional Unix mallocs allow memory to be freed multiple +times; that's probably why this has never been fixed. You can +run configure with the `--without-gnu-malloc' option to use +the C library malloc and avoid the problem. + +F4) I'm running SVR4.2. Why is the line erased every time I type `@'? + +The `@' character is the default `line kill' character in most +versions of System V, including SVR4.2. You can change this +character to whatever you want using `stty'. For example, to +change the line kill character to control-u, type + + stty kill ^U + +where the `^' and `U' can be two separate characters. + +F5) Why does bash report syntax errors when my C News scripts use a + redirection before a subshell command? + +The actual command in question is something like + + < file ( command ) + +According to the grammar given in the POSIX.2 standard, this construct +is, in fact, a syntax error. Redirections may only precede `simple +commands'. A subshell construct such as the above is one of the shell's +`compound commands'. A redirection may only follow a compound command. + +This affects the mechanical transformation of commands that use `cat' +to pipe a file into a command (a favorite Useless-Use-Of-Cat topic on +comp.unix.shell). While most commands of the form + + cat file | command + +can be converted to `< file command', shell control structures such as +loops and subshells require `command < file'. + +The file CWRU/sh-redir-hack in the bash distribution is an +(unofficial) patch to parse.y that will modify the grammar to +support this construct. It will not apply with `patch'; you must +modify parse.y by hand. Note that if you apply this, you must +recompile with -DREDIRECTION_HACK. This introduces a large +number of reduce/reduce conflicts into the shell grammar. + +F6) Why can't I use vi-mode editing on Red Hat Linux 6.1? + +The short answer is that Red Hat screwed up. + +The long answer is that they shipped an /etc/inputrc that only works +for emacs mode editing, and then screwed all the vi users by setting +INPUTRC to /etc/inputrc in /etc/profile. + +The short fix is to do one of the following: remove or rename +/etc/inputrc, set INPUTRC=~/.inputrc in ~/.bashrc (or .bash_profile, +but make sure you export it if you do), remove the assignment to +INPUTRC from /etc/profile, add + + set keymap emacs + +to the beginning of /etc/inputrc, or bracket the key bindings in +/etc/inputrc with these lines + + $if mode=emacs + [...] + $endif + +F7) Why do bash-2.05a and bash-2.05b fail to compile `printf.def' on + HP/UX 11.x? + +HP/UX's support for long double is imperfect at best. + +GCC will support it without problems, but the HP C library functions +like strtold(3) and printf(3) don't actually work with long doubles. +HP implemented a `long_double' type as a 4-element array of 32-bit +ints, and that is what the library functions use. The ANSI C +`long double' type is a 128-bit floating point scalar. + +The easiest fix, until HP fixes things up, is to edit the generated +config.h and #undef the HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE line. After doing that, +the compilation should complete successfully. + +Section G: How can I get bash to do certain common things? + +G1) How can I get bash to read and display eight-bit characters? + +This is a process requiring several steps. + +First, you must ensure that the `physical' data path is a full eight +bits. For xterms, for example, the `vt100' resources `eightBitInput' +and `eightBitOutput' should be set to `true'. + +Once you have set up an eight-bit path, you must tell the kernel and +tty driver to leave the eighth bit of characters alone when processing +keyboard input. Use `stty' to do this: + + stty cs8 -istrip -parenb + +For old BSD-style systems, you can use + + stty pass8 + +You may also need + + stty even odd + +Finally, you need to tell readline that you will be inputting and +displaying eight-bit characters. You use readline variables to do +this. These variables can be set in your .inputrc or using the bash +`bind' builtin. Here's an example using `bind': + + bash$ bind 'set convert-meta off' + bash$ bind 'set meta-flag on' + bash$ bind 'set output-meta on' + +The `set' commands between the single quotes may also be placed +in ~/.inputrc. + +The script examples/scripts.noah/meta.bash encapsulates the bind +commands in a shell function. + +G2) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but + still invoke the command from within the function? + +This is why the `command' and `builtin' builtins exist. The +`command' builtin executes the command supplied as its first +argument, skipping over any function defined with that name. The +`builtin' builtin executes the builtin command given as its first +argument directly. + +For example, to write a function to replace `cd' that writes the +hostname and current directory to an xterm title bar, use +something like the following: + + cd() + { + builtin cd "$@" && xtitle "$HOST: $PWD" + } + +This could also be written using `command' instead of `builtin'; +the version above is marginally more efficient. + +G3) How can I find the value of a shell variable whose name is the value + of another shell variable? + +Versions of Bash newer than Bash-2.0 support this directly. You can use + + ${!var} + +For example, the following sequence of commands will echo `z': + + var1=var2 + var2=z + echo ${!var1} + +For sh compatibility, use the `eval' builtin. The important +thing to remember is that `eval' expands the arguments you give +it again, so you need to quote the parts of the arguments that +you want `eval' to act on. + +For example, this expression prints the value of the last positional +parameter: + + eval echo \"\$\{$#\}\" + +The expansion of the quoted portions of this expression will be +deferred until `eval' runs, while the `$#' will be expanded +before `eval' is executed. In versions of bash later than bash-2.0, + + echo ${!#} + +does the same thing. + +This is not the same thing as ksh93 `nameref' variables, though the syntax +is similar. I may add namerefs in a future bash version. + +G4) How can I make the bash `time' reserved word print timing output that + looks like the output from my system's /usr/bin/time? + +The bash command timing code looks for a variable `TIMEFORMAT' and +uses its value as a format string to decide how to display the +timing statistics. + +The value of TIMEFORMAT is a string with `%' escapes expanded in a +fashion similar in spirit to printf(3). The manual page explains +the meanings of the escape sequences in the format string. + +If TIMEFORMAT is not set, bash acts as if the following assignment had +been performed: + + TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS' + +The POSIX.2 default time format (used by `time -p command') is + + TIMEFORMAT=$'real %2R\nuser %2U\nsys %2S' + +The BSD /usr/bin/time format can be emulated with: + + TIMEFORMAT=$'\t%1R real\t%1U user\t%1S sys' + +The System V /usr/bin/time format can be emulated with: + + TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%1R\nuser\t%1U\nsys\t%1S' + +The ksh format can be emulated with: + + TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%2lR\nuser\t%2lU\nsys\t%2lS' + +G5) How do I get the current directory into my prompt? + +Bash provides a number of backslash-escape sequences which are expanded +when the prompt string (PS1 or PS2) is displayed. The full list is in +the manual page. + +The \w expansion gives the full pathname of the current directory, with +a tilde (`~') substituted for the current value of $HOME. The \W +expansion gives the basename of the current directory. To put the full +pathname of the current directory into the path without any tilde +subsitution, use $PWD. Here are some examples: + + PS1='\w$ ' # current directory with tilde + PS1='\W$ ' # basename of current directory + PS1='$PWD$ ' # full pathname of current directory + +The single quotes are important in the final example to prevent $PWD from +being expanded when the assignment to PS1 is performed. + +G6) How can I rename "*.foo" to "*.bar"? + +Use the pattern removal functionality described in D3. The following `for' +loop will do the trick: + + for f in *.foo; do + mv $f ${f%foo}bar + done + +G7) How can I translate a filename from uppercase to lowercase? + +The script examples/functions/lowercase, originally written by John DuBois, +will do the trick. The converse is left as an exercise. + +G8) How can I write a filename expansion (globbing) pattern that will match + all files in the current directory except "." and ".."? + +You must have set the `extglob' shell option using `shopt -s extglob' to use +this: + + echo .!(.|) * + +A solution that works without extended globbing is given in the Unix Shell +FAQ, posted periodically to comp.unix.shell. It's a variant of + + echo .[!.]* ..?* * + +(The ..?* catches files with names of three or more characters beginning +with `..') + +Section H: Where do I go from here? + +H1) How do I report bugs in bash, and where should I look for fixes and + advice? + +Use the `bashbug' script to report bugs. It is built and +installed at the same time as bash. It provides a standard +template for reporting a problem and automatically includes +information about your configuration and build environment. + +`bashbug' sends its reports to bug-bash@gnu.org, which +is a large mailing list gatewayed to the usenet newsgroup gnu.bash.bug. + +Bug fixes, answers to questions, and announcements of new releases +are all posted to gnu.bash.bug. Discussions concerning bash features +and problems also take place there. + +To reach the bash maintainers directly, send mail to +bash-maintainers@gnu.org. + +H2) What kind of bash documentation is there? + +First, look in the doc directory in the bash distribution. It should +contain at least the following files: + +bash.1 an extensive, thorough Unix-style manual page +builtins.1 a manual page covering just bash builtin commands +bashref.texi a reference manual in GNU tex`info format +bashref.info an info version of the reference manual +FAQ this file +article.ms text of an article written for The Linux Journal +readline.3 a man page describing readline + +Postscript, HTML, and ASCII files created from the above source are +available in the documentation distribution. + +There is additional documentation available for anonymous FTP from host +ftp.cwru.edu in the `pub/bash' directory. + +Cameron Newham and Bill Rosenblatt have written a book on bash, published +by O'Reilly and Associates. The book is based on Bill Rosenblatt's Korn +Shell book. The title is ``Learning the Bash Shell'', and the ISBN number +of the third edition, published in March, 2005, is 0-596-00965-8. Look for +it in fine bookstores near you. This edition of the book has been updated +to cover bash-3.0. + +The GNU Bash Reference Manual has been published as a printed book by +Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Nov. 2006). It covers +bash-3.2 and is available from most online bookstores (see +http://www.network-theory.co.uk/bash/manual/ for details). The publisher +will donate $1 to the Free Software Foundation for each copy sold. + +Arnold Robbins and Nelson Beebe have written ``Classic Shell Scripting'', +published by O'Reilly. The first edition, with ISBN number 0-596-00595-4, +was published in May, 2005. + +Chris F. A. Johnson, a frequent contributor to comp.unix.shell and +gnu.bash.bug, has written ``Shell Scripting Recipes: A Problem-Solution +Approach,'' a new book on shell scripting, concentrating on features of +the POSIX standard helpful to shell script writers. The first edition from +Apress, with ISBN number 1-59059-471-1, was published in May, 2005. + +H3) What's coming in future versions? + +These are features I hope to include in a future version of bash. + +Rocky Bernstein's bash debugger (support is included with bash-4.0) + +H4) What's on the bash `wish list' for future versions? + +These are features that may or may not appear in a future version of bash. + +breaking some of the shell functionality into embeddable libraries +a module system like zsh's, using dynamic loading like builtins +a bash programmer's guide with a chapter on creating loadable builtins +a better loadable interface to perl with access to the shell builtins and + variables (contributions gratefully accepted) +ksh93-like `nameref' variables +ksh93-like `xx.yy' variables (including some of the .sh.* variables) and + associated disipline functions +Some of the new ksh93 pattern matching operators, like backreferencing + +H5) When will the next release appear? + +The next version will appear sometime in 2010. Never make predictions. + +This document is Copyright 1995-2010 by Chester Ramey. + +Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and +without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute +this document for any purpose, provided that the above copyright +notice appears in all copies of this document and that the +contents of this document remain unaltered. diff --git a/doc/FAQ-4.1~ b/doc/FAQ-4.1~ new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5ea5e5fa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/FAQ-4.1~ @@ -0,0 +1,2199 @@ +This is the Bash FAQ, version 4.10, for Bash version 4.1. + +This document contains a set of frequently-asked questions concerning +Bash, the GNU Bourne-Again Shell. Bash is a freely-available command +interpreter with advanced features for both interactive use and shell +programming. + +Another good source of basic information about shells is the collection +of FAQ articles periodically posted to comp.unix.shell. + +Questions and comments concerning this document should be sent to +chet.ramey@case.edu. + +This document is available for anonymous FTP with the URL + +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/FAQ + +The Bash home page is http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/bash/bashtop.html + +---------- +Contents: + +Section A: The Basics + +A1) What is it? +A2) What's the latest version? +A3) Where can I get it? +A4) On what machines will bash run? +A5) Will bash run on operating systems other than Unix? +A6) How can I build bash with gcc? +A7) How can I make bash my login shell? +A8) I just changed my login shell to bash, and now I can't FTP into my + machine. Why not? +A9) What's the `POSIX Shell and Utilities standard'? +A10) What is the bash `posix mode'? + +Section B: The latest version + +B1) What's new in version 4.1? +B2) Are there any user-visible incompatibilities between bash-4.1 and + previous bash versions? + +Section C: Differences from other Unix shells + +C1) How does bash differ from sh, the Bourne shell? +C2) How does bash differ from the Korn shell, version ksh88? +C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are? + +Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells? + +D1) Why does bash run a different version of `command' than + `which command' says it will? +D2) Why doesn't bash treat brace expansions exactly like csh? +D3) Why doesn't bash have csh variable modifiers? +D4) How can I make my csh aliases work when I convert to bash? +D5) How can I pipe standard output and standard error from one command to + another, like csh does with `|&'? +D6) Now that I've converted from ksh to bash, are there equivalents to + ksh features like autoloaded functions and the `whence' command? + +Section E: Why does bash do certain things the way it does? + +E1) Why is the bash builtin `test' slightly different from /bin/test? +E2) Why does bash sometimes say `Broken pipe'? +E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash + wrap lines at the wrong column? +E4) If I pipe the output of a command into `read variable', why doesn't + the output show up in $variable when the read command finishes? +E5) I have a bunch of shell scripts that use backslash-escaped characters + in arguments to `echo'. Bash doesn't interpret these characters. Why + not, and how can I make it understand them? +E6) Why doesn't a while or for loop get suspended when I type ^Z? +E7) What about empty for loops in Makefiles? +E8) Why does the arithmetic evaluation code complain about `08'? +E9) Why does the pattern matching expression [A-Z]* match files beginning + with every letter except `z'? +E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'? +E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash + notice the change? +E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect? +E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename? +E14) Why does quoting the pattern argument to the regular expression matching + conditional operator (=~) cause matching to stop working? +E15) Tell me more about the shell compatibility level. + +Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions + +F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'? +F2) I built bash on Solaris 2. Why do globbing expansions and filename + completion chop off the first few characters of each filename? +F3) Why does bash dump core after I interrupt username completion or + `~user' tilde expansion on a machine running NIS? +F4) I'm running SVR4.2. Why is the line erased every time I type `@'? +F5) Why does bash report syntax errors when my C News scripts use a + redirection before a subshell command? +F6) Why can't I use vi-mode editing on Red Hat Linux 6.1? +F7) Why do bash-2.05a and bash-2.05b fail to compile `printf.def' on + HP/UX 11.x? + +Section G: How can I get bash to do certain common things? + +G1) How can I get bash to read and display eight-bit characters? +G2) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but + still invoke the command from within the function? +G3) How can I find the value of a shell variable whose name is the value + of another shell variable? +G4) How can I make the bash `time' reserved word print timing output that + looks like the output from my system's /usr/bin/time? +G5) How do I get the current directory into my prompt? +G6) How can I rename "*.foo" to "*.bar"? +G7) How can I translate a filename from uppercase to lowercase? +G8) How can I write a filename expansion (globbing) pattern that will match + all files in the current directory except "." and ".."? + +Section H: Where do I go from here? + +H1) How do I report bugs in bash, and where should I look for fixes and + advice? +H2) What kind of bash documentation is there? +H3) What's coming in future versions? +H4) What's on the bash `wish list'? +H5) When will the next release appear? + +---------- +Section A: The Basics + +A1) What is it? + +Bash is a Unix command interpreter (shell). It is an implementation of +the Posix 1003.2 shell standard, and resembles the Korn and System V +shells. + +Bash contains a number of enhancements over those shells, both +for interactive use and shell programming. Features geared +toward interactive use include command line editing, command +history, job control, aliases, and prompt expansion. Programming +features include additional variable expansions, shell +arithmetic, and a number of variables and options to control +shell behavior. + +Bash was originally written by Brian Fox of the Free Software +Foundation. The current developer and maintainer is Chet Ramey +of Case Western Reserve University. + +A2) What's the latest version? + +The latest version is 4.1, first made available on XX January, 2010. + +A3) Where can I get it? + +Bash is the GNU project's shell, and so is available from the +master GNU archive site, ftp.gnu.org, and its mirrors. The +latest version is also available for FTP from ftp.cwru.edu. +The following URLs tell how to get version 4.1: + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1.tar.gz + +Formatted versions of the documentation are available with the URLs: + +ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-doc-4.1.tar.gz + +Any patches for the current version are available with the URL: + +ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-4.1-patches/ + +A4) On what machines will bash run? + +Bash has been ported to nearly every version of Unix. All you +should have to do to build it on a machine for which a port +exists is to type `configure' and then `make'. The build process +will attempt to discover the version of Unix you have and tailor +itself accordingly, using a script created by GNU autoconf. + +More information appears in the file `INSTALL' in the distribution. + +The Bash web page (http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/~chet/bash/bashtop.html) +explains how to obtain binary versions of bash for most of the major +commercial Unix systems. + +A5) Will bash run on operating systems other than Unix? + +Configuration specifics for Unix-like systems such as QNX and +LynxOS are included in the distribution. Bash-2.05 and later +versions should compile and run on Minix 2.0 (patches were +contributed), but I don't believe anyone has built bash-2.x on +earlier Minix versions yet. + +Bash has been ported to versions of Windows implementing the Win32 +programming interface. This includes Windows 95 and Windows NT. +The port was done by Cygnus Solutions (now part of Red Hat) as part +of their CYGWIN project. For more information about the project, see +http://www.cygwin.com/. + +Cygnus originally ported bash-1.14.7, and that port was part of their +early GNU-Win32 (the original name) releases. Cygnus has also done +ports of bash-3.2 and bash-4.0 to the CYGWIN environment, and both +are available as part of their current release. + +Bash-2.05b and later versions should require no local Cygnus changes to +build and run under CYGWIN. + +DJ Delorie has a port of bash-2.x which runs under MS-DOS, as part +of the DJGPP project. For more information on the project, see + +http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/ + +I have been told that the original DJGPP port was done by Daisuke Aoyama. + +Mark Elbrecht has sent me notice that bash-2.04 +is available for DJGPP V2. The files are available as: + +ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204b.zip binary +ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204d.zip documentation +ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/bsh204s.zip source + +Mark began to work with bash-2.05, but I don't know the current status. + +Bash-3.0 compiles and runs with no modifications under Microsoft's Services +for Unix (SFU), once known as Interix. I do not anticipate any problems +with building bash-4.1, but will gladly accept any patches that are needed. + +A6) How can I build bash with gcc? + +Bash configures to use gcc by default if it is available. Read the +file INSTALL in the distribution for more information. + +A7) How can I make bash my login shell? + +Some machines let you use `chsh' to change your login shell. Other +systems use `passwd -s' or `passwd -e'. If one of these works for +you, that's all you need. Note that many systems require the full +pathname to a shell to appear in /etc/shells before you can make it +your login shell. For this, you may need the assistance of your +friendly local system administrator. + +If you cannot do this, you can still use bash as your login shell, but +you need to perform some tricks. The basic idea is to add a command +to your login shell's startup file to replace your login shell with +bash. + +For example, if your login shell is csh or tcsh, and you have installed +bash in /usr/gnu/bin/bash, add the following line to ~/.login: + + if ( -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ) exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login + +(the `--login' tells bash that it is a login shell). + +It's not a good idea to put this command into ~/.cshrc, because every +csh you run without the `-f' option, even ones started to run csh scripts, +reads that file. If you must put the command in ~/.cshrc, use something +like + + if ( $?prompt ) exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login + +to ensure that bash is exec'd only when the csh is interactive. + +If your login shell is sh or ksh, you have to do two things. + +First, create an empty file in your home directory named `.bash_profile'. +The existence of this file will prevent the exec'd bash from trying to +read ~/.profile, and re-execing itself over and over again. ~/.bash_profile +is the first file bash tries to read initialization commands from when +it is invoked as a login shell. + +Next, add a line similar to the above to ~/.profile: + + [ -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && [ -x /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && \ + exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login + +This will cause login shells to replace themselves with bash running as +a login shell. Once you have this working, you can copy your initialization +code from ~/.profile to ~/.bash_profile. + +I have received word that the recipe supplied above is insufficient for +machines running CDE. CDE has a maze of twisty little startup files, all +slightly different. + +If you cannot change your login shell in the password file to bash, you +will have to (apparently) live with CDE using the shell in the password +file to run its startup scripts. If you have changed your shell to bash, +there is code in the CDE startup files (on Solaris, at least) that attempts +to do the right thing. It is, however, often broken, and may require that +you use the $BASH_ENV trick described below. + +`dtterm' claims to use $SHELL as the default program to start, so if you +can change $SHELL in the CDE startup files, you should be able to use bash +in your terminal windows. + +Setting DTSOURCEPROFILE in ~/.dtprofile will cause the `Xsession' program +to read your login shell's startup files. You may be able to use bash for +the rest of the CDE programs by setting SHELL to bash in ~/.dtprofile as +well, but I have not tried this. + +You can use the above `exec' recipe to start bash when not logging in with +CDE by testing the value of the DT variable: + + if [ -n "$DT" ]; then + [ -f /usr/gnu/bin/bash ] && exec /usr/gnu/bin/bash --login + fi + +If CDE starts its shells non-interactively during login, the login shell +startup files (~/.profile, ~/.bash_profile) will not be sourced at login. +To get around this problem, append a line similar to the following to your +~/.dtprofile: + + BASH_ENV=${HOME}/.bash_profile ; export BASH_ENV + +and add the following line to the beginning of ~/.bash_profile: + + unset BASH_ENV + +A8) I just changed my login shell to bash, and now I can't FTP into my + machine. Why not? + +You must add the full pathname to bash to the file /etc/shells. As +noted in the answer to the previous question, many systems require +this before you can make bash your login shell. + +Most versions of ftpd use this file to prohibit `special' users +such as `uucp' and `news' from using FTP. + +A9) What's the `POSIX Shell and Utilities standard'? + +POSIX is a name originally coined by Richard Stallman for a +family of open system standards based on UNIX. There are a +number of aspects of UNIX under consideration for +standardization, from the basic system services at the system +call and C library level to applications and tools to system +administration and management. Each area of standardization is +assigned to a working group in the 1003 series. + +The POSIX Shell and Utilities standard was originally developed by +IEEE Working Group 1003.2 (POSIX.2). Today it has been merged with +the original 1003.1 Working Group and is maintained by the Austin +Group (a joint working group of the IEEE, The Open Group and +ISO/IEC SC22/WG15). Today the Shell and Utilities are a volume +within the set of documents that make up IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, and +thus now the former POSIX.2 (from 1992) is now part of the current +POSIX.1 standard (POSIX 1003.1-2001). + +The Shell and Utilities volume concentrates on the command +interpreter interface and utility programs commonly executed from +the command line or by other programs. The standard is freely +available on the web at http://www.UNIX-systems.org/version3/ . +Work continues at the Austin Group on maintenance issues; see +http://www.opengroup.org/austin/ to join the discussions. + +Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's behavior defined +by the POSIX Shell and Utilities volume. The shell command +language has of course been standardized, including the basic flow +control and program execution constructs, I/O redirection and +pipelining, argument handling, variable expansion, and quoting. + +The `special' builtins, which must be implemented as part of the +shell to provide the desired functionality, are specified as +being part of the shell; examples of these are `eval' and +`export'. Other utilities appear in the sections of POSIX not +devoted to the shell which are commonly (and in some cases must +be) implemented as builtin commands, such as `read' and `test'. +POSIX also specifies aspects of the shell's interactive +behavior as part of the UPE, including job control and command +line editing. Only vi-style line editing commands have been +standardized; emacs editing commands were left out due to +objections. + +The latest version of the POSIX Shell and Utilities standard is +available (now updated to the 2004 Edition) as part of the Single +UNIX Specification Version 3 at + +http://www.UNIX-systems.org/version3/ + +A10) What is the bash `posix mode'? + +Although bash is an implementation of the POSIX shell +specification, there are areas where the bash default behavior +differs from that spec. The bash `posix mode' changes the bash +behavior in these areas so that it obeys the spec more closely. + +Posix mode is entered by starting bash with the --posix or +'-o posix' option or executing `set -o posix' after bash is running. + +The specific aspects of bash which change when posix mode is +active are listed in the file POSIX in the bash distribution. +They are also listed in a section in the Bash Reference Manual +(from which that file is generated). + +Section B: The latest version + +B1) What's new in version 4.1? + +Bash-4.1 is the first revision to the fourth major release of bash. + +Bash-4.1 contains the following new features (see the manual page for +complete descriptions and the CHANGES and NEWS files in the bash-4.1 +distribution): + +o Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be + delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline. + +o Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file + system ACLs into account on file systems that support them. + +o Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid + shell variable names through into the environment passed to child + processes. + +o The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and + reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command + executes. + +o `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices. + +o New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty" + completion: completion attempted on an empty command line. + +o New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion: + a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been + defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is + attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions + as completion is attempted by having the default completion function + install individual completion functions each time it is invoked. + +o When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted. + +o Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended + after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries + are presented first. + +o The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the + ERR trap. + +o The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting + to parse commands. + +o There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to + forward all history entries to syslog. + +o A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to + child processes. + +o There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be + enabled by default. + +o New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace + output to that file descriptor. + +o If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the + shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file + descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator. + +o The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string + comparison according to the current locale. + +o Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a' + when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c. + +o Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to + the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility. + +o Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is + received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only. + +o The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS + characters, ignoring delimiters like newline. + +o The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via + callbacks in the history list. + +o There is a new `compat40' shopt option. + +o The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale + only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default). + +o New bindable readline function: menu-complete-backward. + +o In the readline vi-mode insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete + by default, and C-p to menu-complete-backward. + +o When in readline vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, + even when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how + historical vi behaves. + +o New bindable readline function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a + default to consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End + without having to bind all keys. + +o New bindable readline variable: skip-completed-text, active when + completing in the middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters + in the completion that match characters in the remainder of the word are + "skipped" rather than inserted into the line. + +o The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as + "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version. + +o New bindable readline variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and + the tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters + corresponding to keyboard-generated signals. + +o New bindable readline variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not + readline sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a + meta key that enables eight-bit characters. + +A short feature history dating from Bash-2.0: + +Bash-4.0 contained the following new features: + +o When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting + index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list. + +o There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of + the current shell. + +o There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt + to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a + simple command. + +o There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and + report any running or stopped jobs at exit. + +o The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to + a character describing the type of completion being attempted. + +o The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to + the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB). + +o The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as + readline when breaking the command line into a list of words. + +o The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in + Posix mode, as Posix specifies. + +o Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received + in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also + results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty + string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out, + it returns an exit status greater than 128. + +o The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by + new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently + restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs + of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command. + +o The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number + of threads) options. + +o There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify + completion options for existing completions or the completion currently + being executed. + +o The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply + buffer when using readline. + +o A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default + behavior for completion on an empty line. + +o There is now limited support for completing command name words containing + globbing characters. + +o The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description, + and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format. + +o There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a + given file. + +o If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function + named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the + function arguments. + +o There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code + treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within + them, when appropriate) recursively. + +o There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename + completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during + completion. + +o The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout + values. + +o Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and + will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the + same number of digits. + +o There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'. + It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list. + +o The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new + variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER + and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line + and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT, + respectively. + +o There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output + and standard error to the named file. + +o The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects + the standard error for a command through a pipe. + +o The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to + continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the + statement rather than terminating the command. + +o The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to + test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current + action, rather than terminating the command. + +o The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an + integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will + retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace + the intervening characters with `...'. + +o There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and + lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or + array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern + that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally- + configured feature to include capitalization operators. + +o The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate + support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them. + +o The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon + assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options. + There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at + assignment. + +o There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an + asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell. + Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the + PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables + with coproc-specific names. + +o A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is + input available to be read from the specified file descriptor. + +o CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged + mode. + +o New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word, + which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters + and honor shell quoting. + +o New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word + which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries + as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word. + +Bash-3.2 contained the following new features: + +o Bash-3.2 now checks shell scripts for NUL characters rather than non-printing + characters when deciding whether or not a script is a binary file. + +o Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ (regexp) operator now + forces string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators. + +Bash-3.1 contained the following new features: + +o Bash-3.1 may now be configured and built in a mode that enforces strict + POSIX compliance. + +o The `+=' assignment operator, which appends to the value of a string or + array variable, has been implemented. + +o It is now possible to ignore case when matching in contexts other than + filename generation using the new `nocasematch' shell option. + +Bash-3.0 contained the following new features: + +o Features to support the bash debugger have been implemented, and there + is a new `extdebug' option to turn the non-default options on + +o HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of options and has been + extended with a new `erasedups' option that will result in only one + copy of a command being kept in the history list + +o Brace expansion has been extended with a new {x..y} form, producing + sequences of digits or characters + +o Timestamps are now kept with history entries, with an option to save + and restore them from the history file; there is a new HISTTIMEFORMAT + variable describing how to display the timestamps when listing history + entries + +o The `[[' command can now perform extended regular expression (egrep-like) + matching, with matched subexpressions placed in the BASH_REMATCH array + variable + +o A new `pipefail' option causes a pipeline to return a failure status if + any command in it fails + +o The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation + in their arguments even if job control is not enabled + +o The `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated, and the shell + messages may be translated into other languages + +Bash-2.05b introduced the following new features: + +o support for multibyte characters has been added to both bash and readline + +o the DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands, + [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops + +o the shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the machine + supports (intmax_t) + +o there is a new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime(3) + and inserts the result into the expanded prompt + +o there is a new `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word + +o when displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown + separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use + the old output would result in syntax errors). + +o `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor + +o the bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the + new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like, + and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better + +o the expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the + function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a + script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as + POSIX-2001 requires + +Bash-2.05a introduced the following new features: + +o The `printf' builtin has undergone major work + +o There is a new read-only `shopt' option: login_shell, which is set by + login shells and unset otherwise + +o New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expanding to time in 24-hour + HH:MM format + +o New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; goes group name + completion + +o New [+-]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup + +o ksh-like `ERR' trap + +o `for' loops now allow empty word lists after the `in' reserved word + +o new `hard' and `soft' arguments for the `ulimit' builtin + +o Readline can be configured to place the user at the same point on the line + when retrieving commands from the history list + +o Readline can be configured to skip `hidden' files (filenames with a leading + `.' on Unix) when performing completion + +Bash-2.05 introduced the following new features: + +o This version has once again reverted to using locales and strcoll(3) when + processing pattern matching bracket expressions, as POSIX requires. +o Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile', + per the new GNU coding standards. +o The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as + port numbers. +o `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some + of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are: + + default - perform bash default completion if programmable + completion produces no matches + dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable + completion produces no matches + filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames, + so it can do things like append slashes to + directory names and suppress trailing spaces +o A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks + in pathname arguments. +o When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a + way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and + `declare -p' as well. This only happens when the shell is not in POSIX + mode, since POSIX.2 forbids this behavior. + +Bash-2.04 introduced the following new features: + +o Programmable word completion with the new `complete' and `compgen' builtins; + examples are provided in examples/complete/complete-examples +o `history' has a new `-d' option to delete a history entry +o `bind' has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell commands +o The prompt expansion code has new `\j' and `\l' escape sequences +o The `no_empty_cmd_completion' shell option, if enabled, inhibits + command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line +o `help' has a new `-s' option to print a usage synopsis +o New arithmetic operators: var++, var--, ++var, --var, expr1,expr2 (comma) +o New ksh93-style arithmetic for command: + for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done +o `read' has new options: `-t', `-n', `-d', `-s' +o The redirection code handles several filenames specially: /dev/fd/N, + /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr +o The redirection code now recognizes /dev/tcp/HOST/PORT and + /dev/udp/HOST/PORT and tries to open a TCP or UDP socket, respectively, + to the specified port on the specified host +o The ${!prefix*} expansion has been implemented +o A new FUNCNAME variable, which expands to the name of a currently-executing + function +o The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly +o A new shopt `xpg_echo' variable, to control the behavior of echo with + respect to backslash-escape sequences at runtime +o The NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define has returned + +The version of Readline released with Bash-2.04, Readline-4.1, had several +new features as well: + +o Parentheses matching is always compiled into readline, and controllable + with the new `blink-matching-paren' variable +o The history-search-forward and history-search-backward functions now leave + point at the end of the line when the search string is empty, like + reverse-search-history, and forward-search-history +o A new function for applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt() +o New variables for applications: rl_already_prompted, and rl_gnu_readline_p + + +Bash-2.03 had very few new features, in keeping with the convention +that odd-numbered releases provide mainly bug fixes. A number of new +features were added to Readline, mostly at the request of the Cygnus +folks. + +A new shopt option, `restricted_shell', so that startup files can test + whether or not the shell was started in restricted mode +Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in + compound array assignments (this is really a bug fix) +OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 requires +ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell +Bash may now be linked against an already-installed Readline library, + as long as the Readline library is version 4 or newer +All shells begun with the `--login' option will source the login shell + startup files, even if the shell is not interactive + +There were lots of changes to the version of the Readline library released +along with Bash-2.03. For a complete list of the changes, read the file +CHANGES in the Bash-2.03 distribution. + +Bash-2.02 contained the following new features: + +a new version of malloc (based on the old GNU malloc code in previous + bash versions) that is more page-oriented, more conservative + with memory usage, does not `orphan' large blocks when they + are freed, is usable on 64-bit machines, and has allocation + checking turned on unconditionally +POSIX.2-style globbing character classes ([:alpha:], [:alnum:], etc.) +POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes +POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols +the ksh [[...]] extended conditional command +the ksh egrep-style extended pattern matching operators +a new `printf' builtin +the ksh-like $(, &>, >|, <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>& + prompt string special char translation and variable expansion + auto-export of variables in initial environment + command search finds functions before builtins + bash return builtin will exit a file sourced with `.' + builtins: cd -/-L/-P, exec -l/-c/-a, echo -e/-E, hash -d/-l/-p/-t. + export -n/-f/-p/name=value, pwd -L/-P, + read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-u/-i/-N, + readonly -a/-f/name=value, trap -l, set +o, + set -b/-m/-o option/-h/-p/-B/-C/-H/-P, + unset -f/-v, ulimit -i/-m/-p/-q/-u/-x, + type -a/-p/-t/-f/-P, suspend -f, kill -n, + test -o optname/s1 == s2/s1 < s2/s1 > s2/-nt/-ot/-ef/-O/-G/-S + bash reads ~/.bashrc for interactive shells, $ENV for non-interactive + bash restricted shell mode is more extensive + bash allows functions and variables with the same name + brace expansion + tilde expansion + arithmetic expansion with $((...)) and `let' builtin + the `[[...]]' extended conditional command + process substitution + aliases and alias/unalias builtins + local variables in functions and `local' builtin + readline and command-line editing with programmable completion + command history and history/fc builtins + csh-like history expansion + other new bash builtins: bind, command, compgen, complete, builtin, + declare/typeset, dirs, enable, fc, help, + history, logout, popd, pushd, disown, shopt, + printf, compopt, mapfile + exported functions + filename generation when using output redirection (command >a*) + POSIX.2-style globbing character classes + POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes + POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols + egrep-like extended pattern matching operators + case-insensitive pattern matching and globbing + variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command, + even for builtins and functions + posix mode and strict posix conformance + redirection to /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr, + /dev/tcp/host/port, /dev/udp/host/port + debugger support, including `caller' builtin and new variables + RETURN trap + the `+=' assignment operator + autocd shell option and behavior + command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function + globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior + |& synonym for `2>&1 |' + ;& and ;;& case action list terminators + case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes + associative arrays + coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables + shell assignment of a file descriptor used in a redirection to a variable + +Things sh has that bash does not: + uses variable SHACCT to do shell accounting + includes `stop' builtin (bash can use alias stop='kill -s STOP') + `newgrp' builtin + turns on job control if called as `jsh' + $TIMEOUT (like bash $TMOUT) + `^' is a synonym for `|' + new SVR4.2 sh builtins: mldmode, priv + +Implementation differences: + redirection to/from compound commands causes sh to create a subshell + bash does not allow unbalanced quotes; sh silently inserts them at EOF + bash does not mess with signal 11 + sh sets (euid, egid) to (uid, gid) if -p not supplied and uid < 100 + bash splits only the results of expansions on IFS, using POSIX.2 + field splitting rules; sh splits all words on IFS + sh does not allow MAILCHECK to be unset (?) + sh does not allow traps on SIGALRM or SIGCHLD + bash allows multiple option arguments when invoked (e.g. -x -v); + sh allows only a single option argument (`sh -x -v' attempts + to open a file named `-v', and, on SunOS 4.1.4, dumps core. + On Solaris 2.4 and earlier versions, sh goes into an infinite + loop.) + sh exits a script if any builtin fails; bash exits only if one of + the POSIX.2 `special' builtins fails + +C2) How does bash differ from the Korn shell, version ksh88? + +Things bash has or uses that ksh88 does not: + long invocation options + [-+]O invocation option + -l invocation option + `!' reserved word + arithmetic for command: for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done + arithmetic in largest machine-supported size (intmax_t) + posix mode and posix conformance + command hashing + tilde expansion for assignment statements that look like $PATH + process substitution with named pipes if /dev/fd is not available + the ${!param} indirect parameter expansion operator + the ${!param*} prefix expansion operator + the ${param:offset[:length]} parameter substring operator + the ${param/pat[/string]} parameter pattern substitution operator + variables: BASH, BASH_VERSION, BASH_VERSINFO, BASHPID, UID, EUID, SHLVL, + TIMEFORMAT, HISTCMD, HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, MACHTYPE, + HISTFILESIZE, HISTIGNORE, HISTCONTROL, PROMPT_COMMAND, + IGNOREEOF, FIGNORE, INPUTRC, HOSTFILE, DIRSTACK, + PIPESTATUS, HOSTNAME, OPTERR, SHELLOPTS, GLOBIGNORE, + GROUPS, FUNCNAME, histchars, auto_resume, PROMPT_DIRTRIM + prompt expansion with backslash escapes and command substitution + redirection: &> (stdout and stderr), <<<, [n]<&word-, [n]>&word-, >>& + more extensive and extensible editing and programmable completion + builtins: bind, builtin, command, declare, dirs, echo -e/-E, enable, + exec -l/-c/-a, fc -s, export -n/-f/-p, hash, help, history, + jobs -x/-r/-s, kill -s/-n/-l, local, logout, popd, pushd, + read -e/-p/-a/-t/-n/-d/-s/-N, readonly -a/-n/-f/-p, + set -o braceexpand/-o histexpand/-o interactive-comments/ + -o notify/-o physical/-o posix/-o hashall/-o onecmd/ + -h/-B/-C/-b/-H/-P, set +o, suspend, trap -l, type, + typeset -a/-F/-p, ulimit -i/-q/-u/-x, umask -S, alias -p, + shopt, disown, printf, complete, compgen, compopt, mapfile + `!' csh-style history expansion + POSIX.2-style globbing character classes + POSIX.2-style globbing equivalence classes + POSIX.2-style globbing collating symbols + egrep-like extended pattern matching operators + case-insensitive pattern matching and globbing + `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation + redirection to /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, /dev/stderr + arrays of unlimited size + TMOUT is default timeout for `read' and `select' + debugger support, including the `caller' builtin + RETURN trap + Timestamps in history entries + {x..y} brace expansion + The `+=' assignment operator + autocd shell option and behavior + command-not-found hook with command_not_found_handle shell function + globstar shell option and `**' globbing behavior + |& synonym for `2>&1 |' + ;& and ;;& case action list terminators + case-modifying word expansions and variable attributes + associative arrays + coprocesses using the `coproc' reserved word and variables + shell assignment of a file descriptor used in a redirection to a variable + +Things ksh88 has or uses that bash does not: + tracked aliases (alias -t) + variables: ERRNO, FPATH, EDITOR, VISUAL + co-processes (bash uses different syntax) + weirdly-scoped functions + typeset +f to list all function names without definitions + text of command history kept in a file, not memory + builtins: alias -x, cd old new, newgrp, print, + read -p/-s/var?prompt, set -A/-o gmacs/ + -o bgnice/-o markdirs/-o trackall/-o viraw/-s, + typeset -H/-L/-R/-Z/-A/-ft/-fu/-fx/-t, whence + using environment to pass attributes of exported variables + arithmetic evaluation done on arguments to some builtins + reads .profile from $PWD when invoked as login shell + +Implementation differences: + ksh runs last command of a pipeline in parent shell context + bash has brace expansion by default (ksh88 compile-time option) + bash has fixed startup file for all interactive shells; ksh reads $ENV + bash has exported functions + bash command search finds functions before builtins + bash waits for all commands in pipeline to exit before returning status + emacs-mode editing has some slightly different key bindings + +C3) Which new features in ksh-93 are not in bash, and which are? + +This list is current through ksh93t+ (05/05/2009) + +New things in ksh-93 not in bash-4.1: + floating point arithmetic and variables + math library functions + ${!name[sub]} name of subscript for associative array + `.' is allowed in variable names to create a hierarchical namespace + more extensive compound assignment syntax + discipline functions + KEYBD trap + variables: .sh.edchar, .sh.edmode, .sh.edcol, .sh.edtext, .sh.version, + .sh.name, .sh.subscript, .sh.value, .sh.match, HISTEDIT + backreferences in pattern matching (\N) + `&' operator in pattern lists for matching (match all instead of any) + exit statuses between 0 and 255 + FPATH and PATH mixing + lexical scoping for local variables in `ksh' functions + no scoping for local variables in `POSIX' functions + $'' \C[.collating-element.] escape sequence + -C/-I invocation options + print -f (bash uses printf) + `fc' has been renamed to `hist' + `.' can execute shell functions + getopts -a + printf %B, %H, %P, %R, %T, %Z modifiers, output base for %d, `=' flag + read -n/-N differ/-v + set -o showme/-o multiline (bash default) + `sleep' and `getconf' builtins (bash has loadable versions) + typeset -n and `nameref' variables + [[ -R name ]] (checks whether or not name is a nameref) + typeset -C/-S/-T/-X/-h/-s + experimental `type' definitions (a la typedef) using typeset + negative subscripts for indexed array variables + array expansions ${array[sub1..sub2]} and ${!array[sub1..sub2]} + associative array assignments using `;' as element separator + command substitution $(n<#) expands to current byte offset for fd N + new '${ ' form of command substitution, executed in current shell + new >;/<>;/<#pat/<##pat/<#/># redirections + brace expansion printf-like formats + [[ -v var ]] operators (checks whether or not var is set) + +New things in ksh-93 present in bash-4.1: + associative arrays + [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections (combination dup and close) + for (( expr1; expr2; expr3 )) ; do list; done - arithmetic for command + ?:, ++, --, `expr1 , expr2' arithmetic operators + expansions: ${!param}, ${param:offset[:len]}, ${param/pat[/str]}, + ${!param*} + compound array assignment + the `!' reserved word + loadable builtins -- but ksh uses `builtin' while bash uses `enable' + new $'...' and $"..." quoting + FIGNORE (but bash uses GLOBIGNORE), HISTCMD + brace expansion and set -B + changes to kill builtin + `command', `builtin', `disown' builtins + echo -e + exec -c/-a + read -A (bash uses read -a) + read -t/-d + trap -p + `.' restores the positional parameters when it completes + set -o notify/-C + set -o pipefail + set -G (-o globstar) and ** + POSIX.2 `test' + umask -S + unalias -a + command and arithmetic substitution performed on PS1, PS4, and ENV + command name completion, TAB displaying possible completions + ENV processed only for interactive shells + The `+=' assignment operator + the `;&' case statement "fallthrough" pattern list terminator + csh-style history expansion and set -H + negative offsets in ${param:offset:length} + redirection operators preceded with {varname} to store fd number in varname + DEBUG can force skipping following command + +Section D: Why does bash do some things differently than other Unix shells? + +D1) Why does bash run a different version of `command' than + `which command' says it will? + +On many systems, `which' is actually a csh script that assumes +you're running csh. In tcsh, `which' and its cousin `where' +are builtins. On other Unix systems, `which' is a perl script +that uses the PATH environment variable. Many Linux distributions +use GNU `which', which is a C program that can understand shell +aliases. + +The csh script version reads the csh startup files from your +home directory and uses those to determine which `command' will +be invoked. Since bash doesn't use any of those startup files, +there's a good chance that your bash environment differs from +your csh environment. The bash `type' builtin does everything +`which' does, and will report correct results for the running +shell. If you're really wedded to the name `which', try adding +the following function definition to your .bashrc: + + which() + { + builtin type "$@" + } + +If you're moving from tcsh and would like to bring `where' along +as well, use this function: + + where() + { + builtin type -a "$@" + } + +D2) Why doesn't bash treat brace expansions exactly like csh? + +The only difference between bash and csh brace expansion is that +bash requires a brace expression to contain at least one unquoted +comma if it is to be expanded. Any brace-surrounded word not +containing an unquoted comma is left unchanged by the brace +expansion code. This affords the greatest degree of sh +compatibility. + +Bash, ksh, zsh, and pd-ksh all implement brace expansion this way. + +D3) Why doesn't bash have csh variable modifiers? + +Posix has specified a more powerful, albeit somewhat more cryptic, +mechanism cribbed from ksh, and bash implements it. + +${parameter%word} + Remove smallest suffix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce + a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the + smallest portion of the suffix matched by the pattern deleted. + + x=file.c + echo ${x%.c}.o + -->file.o + +${parameter%%word} + + Remove largest suffix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce + a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the + largest portion of the suffix matched by the pattern deleted. + + x=posix/src/std + echo ${x%%/*} + -->posix + +${parameter#word} + Remove smallest prefix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce + a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the + smallest portion of the prefix matched by the pattern deleted. + + x=$HOME/src/cmd + echo ${x#$HOME} + -->/src/cmd + +${parameter##word} + Remove largest prefix pattern. The WORD is expanded to produce + a pattern. It then expands to the value of PARAMETER, with the + largest portion of the prefix matched by the pattern deleted. + + x=/one/two/three + echo ${x##*/} + -->three + + +Given + a=/a/b/c/d + b=b.xxx + + csh bash result + --- ---- ------ + $a:h ${a%/*} /a/b/c + $a:t ${a##*/} d + $b:r ${b%.*} b + $b:e ${b##*.} xxx + + +D4) How can I make my csh aliases work when I convert to bash? + +Bash uses a different syntax to support aliases than csh does. +The details can be found in the documentation. We have provided +a shell script which does most of the work of conversion for you; +this script can be found in ./examples/misc/aliasconv.sh. Here is +how you use it: + +Start csh in the normal way for you. (e.g., `csh') + +Pipe the output of `alias' through `aliasconv.sh', saving the +results into `bash_aliases': + + alias | bash aliasconv.sh >bash_aliases + +Edit `bash_aliases', carefully reading through any created +functions. You will need to change the names of some csh specific +variables to the bash equivalents. The script converts $cwd to +$PWD, $term to $TERM, $home to $HOME, $user to $USER, and $prompt +to $PS1. You may also have to add quotes to avoid unwanted +expansion. + +For example, the csh alias: + + alias cd 'cd \!*; echo $cwd' + +is converted to the bash function: + + cd () { command cd "$@"; echo $PWD ; } + +The only thing that needs to be done is to quote $PWD: + + cd () { command cd "$@"; echo "$PWD" ; } + +Merge the edited file into your ~/.bashrc. + +There is an additional, more ambitious, script in +examples/misc/cshtobash that attempts to convert your entire csh +environment to its bash equivalent. This script can be run as +simply `cshtobash' to convert your normal interactive +environment, or as `cshtobash ~/.login' to convert your login +environment. + +D5) How can I pipe standard output and standard error from one command to + another, like csh does with `|&'? + +Use + command 2>&1 | command2 + +The key is to remember that piping is performed before redirection, so +file descriptor 1 points to the pipe when it is duplicated onto file +descriptor 2. + +D6) Now that I've converted from ksh to bash, are there equivalents to + ksh features like autoloaded functions and the `whence' command? + +There are features in ksh-88 and ksh-93 that do not have direct bash +equivalents. Most, however, can be emulated with very little trouble. + +ksh-88 feature Bash equivalent +-------------- --------------- +compiled-in aliases set up aliases in .bashrc; some ksh aliases are + bash builtins (hash, history, type) +coprocesses named pipe pairs (one for read, one for write) +typeset +f declare -F +cd, print, whence function substitutes in examples/functions/kshenv +autoloaded functions examples/functions/autoload is the same as typeset -fu +read var?prompt read -p prompt var + +ksh-93 feature Bash equivalent +-------------- --------------- +sleep, getconf Bash has loadable versions in examples/loadables +${.sh.version} $BASH_VERSION +print -f printf +hist alias hist=fc +$HISTEDIT $FCEDIT + +Section E: How can I get bash to do certain things, and why does bash do + things the way it does? + +E1) Why is the bash builtin `test' slightly different from /bin/test? + +The specific example used here is [ ! x -o x ], which is false. + +Bash's builtin `test' implements the Posix.2 spec, which can be +summarized as follows (the wording is due to David Korn): + +Here is the set of rules for processing test arguments. + + 0 Args: False + 1 Arg: True iff argument is not null. + 2 Args: If first arg is !, True iff second argument is null. + If first argument is unary, then true if unary test is true + Otherwise error. + 3 Args: If second argument is a binary operator, do binary test of $1 $3 + If first argument is !, negate two argument test of $2 $3 + If first argument is `(' and third argument is `)', do the + one-argument test of the second argument. + Otherwise error. + 4 Args: If first argument is !, negate three argument test of $2 $3 $4. + Otherwise unspecified + 5 or more Args: unspecified. (Historical shells would use their + current algorithm). + +The operators -a and -o are considered binary operators for the purpose +of the 3 Arg case. + +As you can see, the test becomes (not (x or x)), which is false. + +E2) Why does bash sometimes say `Broken pipe'? + +If a sequence of commands appears in a pipeline, and one of the +reading commands finishes before the writer has finished, the +writer receives a SIGPIPE signal. Many other shells special-case +SIGPIPE as an exit status in the pipeline and do not report it. +For example, in: + + ps -aux | head + +`head' can finish before `ps' writes all of its output, and ps +will try to write on a pipe without a reader. In that case, bash +will print `Broken pipe' to stderr when ps is killed by a +SIGPIPE. + +As of bash-3.1, bash does not report SIGPIPE errors by default. You +can build a version of bash that will report such errors. + +E3) When I have terminal escape sequences in my prompt, why does bash + wrap lines at the wrong column? + +Readline, the line editing library that bash uses, does not know +that the terminal escape sequences do not take up space on the +screen. The redisplay code assumes, unless told otherwise, that +each character in the prompt is a `printable' character that +takes up one character position on the screen. + +You can use the bash prompt expansion facility (see the PROMPTING +section in the manual page) to tell readline that sequences of +characters in the prompt strings take up no screen space. + +Use the \[ escape to begin a sequence of non-printing characters, +and the \] escape to signal the end of such a sequence. + +E4) If I pipe the output of a command into `read variable', why doesn't + the output show up in $variable when the read command finishes? + +This has to do with the parent-child relationship between Unix +processes. It affects all commands run in pipelines, not just +simple calls to `read'. For example, piping a command's output +into a `while' loop that repeatedly calls `read' will result in +the same behavior. + +Each element of a pipeline, even a builtin or shell function, +runs in a separate process, a child of the shell running the +pipeline. A subprocess cannot affect its parent's environment. +When the `read' command sets the variable to the input, that +variable is set only in the subshell, not the parent shell. When +the subshell exits, the value of the variable is lost. + +Many pipelines that end with `read variable' can be converted +into command substitutions, which will capture the output of +a specified command. The output can then be assigned to a +variable: + + grep ^gnu /usr/lib/news/active | wc -l | read ngroup + +can be converted into + + ngroup=$(grep ^gnu /usr/lib/news/active | wc -l) + +This does not, unfortunately, work to split the text among +multiple variables, as read does when given multiple variable +arguments. If you need to do this, you can either use the +command substitution above to read the output into a variable +and chop up the variable using the bash pattern removal +expansion operators or use some variant of the following +approach. + +Say /usr/local/bin/ipaddr is the following shell script: + +#! /bin/sh +host `hostname` | awk '/address/ {print $NF}' + +Instead of using + + /usr/local/bin/ipaddr | read A B C D + +to break the local machine's IP address into separate octets, use + + OIFS="$IFS" + IFS=. + set -- $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr) + IFS="$OIFS" + A="$1" B="$2" C="$3" D="$4" + +Beware, however, that this will change the shell's positional +parameters. If you need them, you should save them before doing +this. + +This is the general approach -- in most cases you will not need to +set $IFS to a different value. + +Some other user-supplied alternatives include: + +read A B C D << HERE + $(IFS=.; echo $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr)) +HERE + +and, where process substitution is available, + +read A B C D < <(IFS=.; echo $(/usr/local/bin/ipaddr)) + +E5) I have a bunch of shell scripts that use backslash-escaped characters + in arguments to `echo'. Bash doesn't interpret these characters. Why + not, and how can I make it understand them? + +This is the behavior of echo on most Unix System V machines. + +The bash builtin `echo' is modeled after the 9th Edition +Research Unix version of `echo'. It does not interpret +backslash-escaped characters in its argument strings by default; +it requires the use of the -e option to enable the +interpretation. The System V echo provides no way to disable the +special characters; the bash echo has a -E option to disable +them. + +There is a configuration option that will make bash behave like +the System V echo and interpret things like `\t' by default. Run +configure with the --enable-xpg-echo-default option to turn this +on. Be aware that this will cause some of the tests run when you +type `make tests' to fail. + +There is a shell option, `xpg_echo', settable with `shopt', that will +change the behavior of echo at runtime. Enabling this option turns +on expansion of backslash-escape sequences. + +E6) Why doesn't a while or for loop get suspended when I type ^Z? + +This is a consequence of how job control works on Unix. The only +thing that can be suspended is the process group. This is a single +command or pipeline of commands that the shell forks and executes. + +When you run a while or for loop, the only thing that the shell forks +and executes are any commands in the while loop test and commands in +the loop bodies. These, therefore, are the only things that can be +suspended when you type ^Z. + +If you want to be able to stop the entire loop, you need to put it +within parentheses, which will force the loop into a subshell that +may be stopped (and subsequently restarted) as a single unit. + +E7) What about empty for loops in Makefiles? + +It's fairly common to see constructs like this in automatically-generated +Makefiles: + +SUBDIRS = @SUBDIRS@ + + ... + +subdirs-clean: + for d in ${SUBDIRS}; do \ + ( cd $$d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean ) \ + done + +When SUBDIRS is empty, this results in a command like this being passed to +bash: + + for d in ; do + ( cd $d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean ) + done + +In versions of bash before bash-2.05a, this was a syntax error. If the +reserved word `in' was present, a word must follow it before the semicolon +or newline. The language in the manual page referring to the list of words +being empty referred to the list after it is expanded. These versions of +bash required that there be at least one word following the `in' when the +construct was parsed. + +The idiomatic Makefile solution is something like: + +SUBDIRS = @SUBDIRS@ + +subdirs-clean: + subdirs=$SUBDIRS ; for d in $$subdirs; do \ + ( cd $$d && ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} clean ) \ + done + +The latest updated POSIX standard has changed this: the word list +is no longer required. Bash versions 2.05a and later accept the +new syntax. + +E8) Why does the arithmetic evaluation code complain about `08'? + +The bash arithmetic evaluation code (used for `let', $(()), (()), and in +other places), interprets a leading `0' in numeric constants as denoting +an octal number, and a leading `0x' as denoting hexadecimal. This is +in accordance with the POSIX.2 spec, section 2.9.2.1, which states that +arithmetic constants should be handled as signed long integers as defined +by the ANSI/ISO C standard. + +The POSIX.2 interpretation committee has confirmed this: + +http://www.pasc.org/interps/unofficial/db/p1003.2/pasc-1003.2-173.html + +E9) Why does the pattern matching expression [A-Z]* match files beginning + with every letter except `z'? + +Bash-2.03, Bash-2.05 and later versions honor the current locale setting +when processing ranges within pattern matching bracket expressions ([A-Z]). +This is what POSIX.2 and SUSv3/XPG6 specify. + +The behavior of the matcher in bash-2.05 and later versions depends on the +current LC_COLLATE setting. Setting this variable to `C' or `POSIX' will +result in the traditional behavior ([A-Z] matches all uppercase ASCII +characters). Many other locales, including the en_US locale (the default +on many US versions of Linux) collate the upper and lower case letters like +this: + + AaBb...Zz + +which means that [A-Z] matches every letter except `z'. Others collate like + + aAbBcC...zZ + +which means that [A-Z] matches every letter except `a'. + +The portable way to specify upper case letters is [:upper:] instead of +A-Z; lower case may be specified as [:lower:] instead of a-z. + +Look at the manual pages for setlocale(3), strcoll(3), and, if it is +present, locale(1). If you have locale(1), you can use it to find +your current locale information even if you do not have any of the +LC_ variables set. + +My advice is to put + + export LC_COLLATE=C + +into /etc/profile and inspect any shell scripts run from cron for +constructs like [A-Z]. This will prevent things like + + rm [A-Z]* + +from removing every file in the current directory except those beginning +with `z' and still allow individual users to change the collation order. +Users may put the above command into their own profiles as well, of course. + +E10) Why does `cd //' leave $PWD as `//'? + +POSIX.2, in its description of `cd', says that *three* or more leading +slashes may be replaced with a single slash when canonicalizing the +current working directory. + +This is, I presume, for historical compatibility. Certain versions of +Unix, and early network file systems, used paths of the form +//hostname/path to access `path' on server `hostname'. + +E11) If I resize my xterm while another program is running, why doesn't bash + notice the change? + +This is another issue that deals with job control. + +The kernel maintains a notion of a current terminal process group. Members +of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the +current terminal process group ID) receive terminal-generated signals like +SIGWINCH. (For more details, see the JOB CONTROL section of the bash +man page.) + +If a terminal is resized, the kernel sends SIGWINCH to each member of +the terminal's current process group (the `foreground' process group). + +When bash is running with job control enabled, each pipeline (which may be +a single command) is run in its own process group, different from bash's +process group. This foreground process group receives the SIGWINCH; bash +does not. Bash has no way of knowing that the terminal has been resized. + +There is a `checkwinsize' option, settable with the `shopt' builtin, that +will cause bash to check the window size and adjust its idea of the +terminal's dimensions each time a process stops or exits and returns control +of the terminal to bash. Enable it with `shopt -s checkwinsize'. + +E12) Why don't negative offsets in substring expansion work like I expect? + +When substring expansion of the form ${param:offset[:length} is used, +an `offset' that evaluates to a number less than zero counts back from +the end of the expanded value of $param. + +When a negative `offset' begins with a minus sign, however, unexpected things +can happen. Consider + + a=12345678 + echo ${a:-4} + +intending to print the last four characters of $a. The problem is that +${param:-word} already has a well-defined meaning: expand to word if the +expanded value of param is unset or null, and $param otherwise. + +To use negative offsets that begin with a minus sign, separate the +minus sign and the colon with a space. + +E13) Why does filename completion misbehave if a colon appears in the filename? + +Filename completion (and word completion in general) may appear to behave +improperly if there is a colon in the word to be completed. + +The colon is special to readline's word completion code: it is one of the +characters that breaks words for the completer. Readline uses these characters +in sort of the same way that bash uses $IFS: they break or separate the words +the completion code hands to the application-specific or default word +completion functions. The original intent was to make it easy to edit +colon-separated lists (such as $PATH in bash) in various applications using +readline for input. + +This is complicated by the fact that some versions of the popular +`bash-completion' programmable completion package have problems with the +default completion behavior in the presence of colons. + +The current set of completion word break characters is available in bash as +the value of the COMP_WORDBREAKS variable. Removing `:' from that value is +enough to make the colon not special to completion: + +COMP_WORDBREAKS=${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:} + +You can also quote the colon with a backslash to achieve the same result +temporarily. + +E14) Why does quoting the pattern argument to the regular expression matching + conditional operator (=~) cause regexp matching to stop working? + +In versions of bash prior to bash-3.2, the effect of quoting the regular +expression argument to the [[ command's =~ operator was not specified. +The practical effect was that double-quoting the pattern argument required +backslashes to quote special pattern characters, which interfered with the +backslash processing performed by double-quoted word expansion and was +inconsistent with how the == shell pattern matching operator treated +quoted characters. + +In bash-3.2, the shell was changed to internally quote characters in single- +and double-quoted string arguments to the =~ operator, which suppresses the +special meaning of the characters special to regular expression processing +(`.', `[', `\', `(', `), `*', `+', `?', `{', `|', `^', and `$') and forces +them to be matched literally. This is consistent with how the `==' pattern +matching operator treats quoted portions of its pattern argument. + +Since the treatment of quoted string arguments was changed, several issues +have arisen, chief among them the problem of white space in pattern arguments +and the differing treatment of quoted strings between bash-3.1 and bash-3.2. +Both problems may be solved by using a shell variable to hold the pattern. +Since word splitting is not performed when expanding shell variables in all +operands of the [[ command, this allows users to quote patterns as they wish +when assigning the variable, then expand the values to a single string that +may contain whitespace. The first problem may be solved by using backslashes +or any other quoting mechanism to escape the white space in the patterns. + +Bash-4.0 introduces the concept of a `compatibility level', controlled by +several options to the `shopt' builtin. If the `compat31' option is enabled, +bash reverts to the bash-3.1 behavior with respect to quoting the rhs of +the =~ operator. + +E15) Tell me more about the shell compatibility level. + +Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a `shell compatibility level', specified +as a set of options to the shopt builtin (compat31, compat32, compat40 at +this writing). There is only one current compatibility level -- each +option is mutually exclusive. This list does not mention behavior that is +standard for a particular version (e.g., setting compat32 means that quoting +the rhs of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in +the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and above). + +compat31 set + - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current + locale when comparing strings + - quoting the rhs of the regexp matching operator (=~) has no + special effect + +compat32 set + - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current + locale when comparing strings + +compat40 set + - the < and > operators to the [[ command do not consider the current + locale when comparing strings + - interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes the execution + of the entire list to be aborted + +Section F: Things to watch out for on certain Unix versions + +F1) Why can't I use command line editing in my `cmdtool'? + +The problem is `cmdtool' and bash fighting over the input. When +scrolling is enabled in a cmdtool window, cmdtool puts the tty in +`raw mode' to permit command-line editing using the mouse for +applications that cannot do it themselves. As a result, bash and +cmdtool each try to read keyboard input immediately, with neither +getting enough of it to be useful. + +This mode also causes cmdtool to not implement many of the +terminal functions and control sequences appearing in the +`sun-cmd' termcap entry. For a more complete explanation, see +that file examples/suncmd.termcap in the bash distribution. + +`xterm' is a better choice, and gets along with bash much more +smoothly. + +If you must use cmdtool, you can use the termcap description in +examples/suncmd.termcap. Set the TERMCAP variable to the terminal +description contained in that file, i.e. + +TERMCAP='Mu|sun-cmd:am:bs:km:pt:li#34:co#80:cl=^L:ce=\E[K:cd=\E[J:rs=\E[s:' + +Then export TERMCAP and start a new cmdtool window from that shell. +The bash command-line editing should behave better in the new +cmdtool. If this works, you can put the assignment to TERMCAP +in your bashrc file. + +F2) I built bash on Solaris 2. Why do globbing expansions and filename + completion chop off the first few characters of each filename? + +This is the consequence of building bash on SunOS 5 and linking +with the libraries in /usr/ucblib, but using the definitions +and structures from files in /usr/include. + +The actual conflict is between the dirent structure in +/usr/include/dirent.h and the struct returned by the version of +`readdir' in libucb.a (a 4.3-BSD style `struct direct'). + +Make sure you've got /usr/ccs/bin ahead of /usr/ucb in your $PATH +when configuring and building bash. This will ensure that you +use /usr/ccs/bin/cc or acc instead of /usr/ucb/cc and that you +link with libc before libucb. + +If you have installed the Sun C compiler, you may also need to +put /usr/ccs/bin and /opt/SUNWspro/bin into your $PATH before +/usr/ucb. + +F3) Why does bash dump core after I interrupt username completion or + `~user' tilde expansion on a machine running NIS? + +This is a famous and long-standing bug in the SunOS YP (sorry, NIS) +client library, which is part of libc. + +The YP library code keeps static state -- a pointer into the data +returned from the server. When YP initializes itself (setpwent), +it looks at this pointer and calls free on it if it's non-null. +So far, so good. + +If one of the YP functions is interrupted during getpwent (the +exact function is interpretwithsave()), and returns NULL, the +pointer is freed without being reset to NULL, and the function +returns. The next time getpwent is called, it sees that this +pointer is non-null, calls free, and the bash free() blows up +because it's being asked to free freed memory. + +The traditional Unix mallocs allow memory to be freed multiple +times; that's probably why this has never been fixed. You can +run configure with the `--without-gnu-malloc' option to use +the C library malloc and avoid the problem. + +F4) I'm running SVR4.2. Why is the line erased every time I type `@'? + +The `@' character is the default `line kill' character in most +versions of System V, including SVR4.2. You can change this +character to whatever you want using `stty'. For example, to +change the line kill character to control-u, type + + stty kill ^U + +where the `^' and `U' can be two separate characters. + +F5) Why does bash report syntax errors when my C News scripts use a + redirection before a subshell command? + +The actual command in question is something like + + < file ( command ) + +According to the grammar given in the POSIX.2 standard, this construct +is, in fact, a syntax error. Redirections may only precede `simple +commands'. A subshell construct such as the above is one of the shell's +`compound commands'. A redirection may only follow a compound command. + +This affects the mechanical transformation of commands that use `cat' +to pipe a file into a command (a favorite Useless-Use-Of-Cat topic on +comp.unix.shell). While most commands of the form + + cat file | command + +can be converted to `< file command', shell control structures such as +loops and subshells require `command < file'. + +The file CWRU/sh-redir-hack in the bash distribution is an +(unofficial) patch to parse.y that will modify the grammar to +support this construct. It will not apply with `patch'; you must +modify parse.y by hand. Note that if you apply this, you must +recompile with -DREDIRECTION_HACK. This introduces a large +number of reduce/reduce conflicts into the shell grammar. + +F6) Why can't I use vi-mode editing on Red Hat Linux 6.1? + +The short answer is that Red Hat screwed up. + +The long answer is that they shipped an /etc/inputrc that only works +for emacs mode editing, and then screwed all the vi users by setting +INPUTRC to /etc/inputrc in /etc/profile. + +The short fix is to do one of the following: remove or rename +/etc/inputrc, set INPUTRC=~/.inputrc in ~/.bashrc (or .bash_profile, +but make sure you export it if you do), remove the assignment to +INPUTRC from /etc/profile, add + + set keymap emacs + +to the beginning of /etc/inputrc, or bracket the key bindings in +/etc/inputrc with these lines + + $if mode=emacs + [...] + $endif + +F7) Why do bash-2.05a and bash-2.05b fail to compile `printf.def' on + HP/UX 11.x? + +HP/UX's support for long double is imperfect at best. + +GCC will support it without problems, but the HP C library functions +like strtold(3) and printf(3) don't actually work with long doubles. +HP implemented a `long_double' type as a 4-element array of 32-bit +ints, and that is what the library functions use. The ANSI C +`long double' type is a 128-bit floating point scalar. + +The easiest fix, until HP fixes things up, is to edit the generated +config.h and #undef the HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE line. After doing that, +the compilation should complete successfully. + +Section G: How can I get bash to do certain common things? + +G1) How can I get bash to read and display eight-bit characters? + +This is a process requiring several steps. + +First, you must ensure that the `physical' data path is a full eight +bits. For xterms, for example, the `vt100' resources `eightBitInput' +and `eightBitOutput' should be set to `true'. + +Once you have set up an eight-bit path, you must tell the kernel and +tty driver to leave the eighth bit of characters alone when processing +keyboard input. Use `stty' to do this: + + stty cs8 -istrip -parenb + +For old BSD-style systems, you can use + + stty pass8 + +You may also need + + stty even odd + +Finally, you need to tell readline that you will be inputting and +displaying eight-bit characters. You use readline variables to do +this. These variables can be set in your .inputrc or using the bash +`bind' builtin. Here's an example using `bind': + + bash$ bind 'set convert-meta off' + bash$ bind 'set meta-flag on' + bash$ bind 'set output-meta on' + +The `set' commands between the single quotes may also be placed +in ~/.inputrc. + +The script examples/scripts.noah/meta.bash encapsulates the bind +commands in a shell function. + +G2) How do I write a function `x' to replace builtin command `x', but + still invoke the command from within the function? + +This is why the `command' and `builtin' builtins exist. The +`command' builtin executes the command supplied as its first +argument, skipping over any function defined with that name. The +`builtin' builtin executes the builtin command given as its first +argument directly. + +For example, to write a function to replace `cd' that writes the +hostname and current directory to an xterm title bar, use +something like the following: + + cd() + { + builtin cd "$@" && xtitle "$HOST: $PWD" + } + +This could also be written using `command' instead of `builtin'; +the version above is marginally more efficient. + +G3) How can I find the value of a shell variable whose name is the value + of another shell variable? + +Versions of Bash newer than Bash-2.0 support this directly. You can use + + ${!var} + +For example, the following sequence of commands will echo `z': + + var1=var2 + var2=z + echo ${!var1} + +For sh compatibility, use the `eval' builtin. The important +thing to remember is that `eval' expands the arguments you give +it again, so you need to quote the parts of the arguments that +you want `eval' to act on. + +For example, this expression prints the value of the last positional +parameter: + + eval echo \"\$\{$#\}\" + +The expansion of the quoted portions of this expression will be +deferred until `eval' runs, while the `$#' will be expanded +before `eval' is executed. In versions of bash later than bash-2.0, + + echo ${!#} + +does the same thing. + +This is not the same thing as ksh93 `nameref' variables, though the syntax +is similar. I may add namerefs in a future bash version. + +G4) How can I make the bash `time' reserved word print timing output that + looks like the output from my system's /usr/bin/time? + +The bash command timing code looks for a variable `TIMEFORMAT' and +uses its value as a format string to decide how to display the +timing statistics. + +The value of TIMEFORMAT is a string with `%' escapes expanded in a +fashion similar in spirit to printf(3). The manual page explains +the meanings of the escape sequences in the format string. + +If TIMEFORMAT is not set, bash acts as if the following assignment had +been performed: + + TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS' + +The POSIX.2 default time format (used by `time -p command') is + + TIMEFORMAT=$'real %2R\nuser %2U\nsys %2S' + +The BSD /usr/bin/time format can be emulated with: + + TIMEFORMAT=$'\t%1R real\t%1U user\t%1S sys' + +The System V /usr/bin/time format can be emulated with: + + TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%1R\nuser\t%1U\nsys\t%1S' + +The ksh format can be emulated with: + + TIMEFORMAT=$'\nreal\t%2lR\nuser\t%2lU\nsys\t%2lS' + +G5) How do I get the current directory into my prompt? + +Bash provides a number of backslash-escape sequences which are expanded +when the prompt string (PS1 or PS2) is displayed. The full list is in +the manual page. + +The \w expansion gives the full pathname of the current directory, with +a tilde (`~') substituted for the current value of $HOME. The \W +expansion gives the basename of the current directory. To put the full +pathname of the current directory into the path without any tilde +subsitution, use $PWD. Here are some examples: + + PS1='\w$ ' # current directory with tilde + PS1='\W$ ' # basename of current directory + PS1='$PWD$ ' # full pathname of current directory + +The single quotes are important in the final example to prevent $PWD from +being expanded when the assignment to PS1 is performed. + +G6) How can I rename "*.foo" to "*.bar"? + +Use the pattern removal functionality described in D3. The following `for' +loop will do the trick: + + for f in *.foo; do + mv $f ${f%foo}bar + done + +G7) How can I translate a filename from uppercase to lowercase? + +The script examples/functions/lowercase, originally written by John DuBois, +will do the trick. The converse is left as an exercise. + +G8) How can I write a filename expansion (globbing) pattern that will match + all files in the current directory except "." and ".."? + +You must have set the `extglob' shell option using `shopt -s extglob' to use +this: + + echo .!(.|) * + +A solution that works without extended globbing is given in the Unix Shell +FAQ, posted periodically to comp.unix.shell. It's a variant of + + echo .[!.]* ..?* * + +(The ..?* catches files with names of three or more characters beginning +with `..') + +Section H: Where do I go from here? + +H1) How do I report bugs in bash, and where should I look for fixes and + advice? + +Use the `bashbug' script to report bugs. It is built and +installed at the same time as bash. It provides a standard +template for reporting a problem and automatically includes +information about your configuration and build environment. + +`bashbug' sends its reports to bug-bash@gnu.org, which +is a large mailing list gatewayed to the usenet newsgroup gnu.bash.bug. + +Bug fixes, answers to questions, and announcements of new releases +are all posted to gnu.bash.bug. Discussions concerning bash features +and problems also take place there. + +To reach the bash maintainers directly, send mail to +bash-maintainers@gnu.org. + +H2) What kind of bash documentation is there? + +First, look in the doc directory in the bash distribution. It should +contain at least the following files: + +bash.1 an extensive, thorough Unix-style manual page +builtins.1 a manual page covering just bash builtin commands +bashref.texi a reference manual in GNU tex`info format +bashref.info an info version of the reference manual +FAQ this file +article.ms text of an article written for The Linux Journal +readline.3 a man page describing readline + +Postscript, HTML, and ASCII files created from the above source are +available in the documentation distribution. + +There is additional documentation available for anonymous FTP from host +ftp.cwru.edu in the `pub/bash' directory. + +Cameron Newham and Bill Rosenblatt have written a book on bash, published +by O'Reilly and Associates. The book is based on Bill Rosenblatt's Korn +Shell book. The title is ``Learning the Bash Shell'', and the ISBN number +of the third edition, published in March, 2005, is 0-596-00965-8. Look for +it in fine bookstores near you. This edition of the book has been updated +to cover bash-3.0. + +The GNU Bash Reference Manual has been published as a printed book by +Network Theory Ltd (Paperback, ISBN: 0-9541617-7-7, Nov. 2006). It covers +bash-3.2 and is available from most online bookstores (see +http://www.network-theory.co.uk/bash/manual/ for details). The publisher +will donate $1 to the Free Software Foundation for each copy sold. + +Arnold Robbins and Nelson Beebe have written ``Classic Shell Scripting'', +published by O'Reilly. The first edition, with ISBN number 0-596-00595-4, +was published in May, 2005. + +Chris F. A. Johnson, a frequent contributor to comp.unix.shell and +gnu.bash.bug, has written ``Shell Scripting Recipes: A Problem-Solution +Approach,'' a new book on shell scripting, concentrating on features of +the POSIX standard helpful to shell script writers. The first edition from +Apress, with ISBN number 1-59059-471-1, was published in May, 2005. + +H3) What's coming in future versions? + +These are features I hope to include in a future version of bash. + +Rocky Bernstein's bash debugger (support is included with bash-4.0) + +H4) What's on the bash `wish list' for future versions? + +These are features that may or may not appear in a future version of bash. + +breaking some of the shell functionality into embeddable libraries +a module system like zsh's, using dynamic loading like builtins +a bash programmer's guide with a chapter on creating loadable builtins +a better loadable interface to perl with access to the shell builtins and + variables (contributions gratefully accepted) +ksh93-like `nameref' variables +ksh93-like `xx.yy' variables (including some of the .sh.* variables) and + associated disipline functions +Some of the new ksh93 pattern matching operators, like backreferencing + +H5) When will the next release appear? + +The next version will appear sometime in 2009. Never make predictions. + +This document is Copyright 1995-2009 by Chester Ramey. + +Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and +without license or royalty fees, to use, copy, and distribute +this document for any purpose, provided that the above copyright +notice appears in all copies of this document and that the +contents of this document remain unaltered. diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf index 4508bba4b..09b02c8e9 100644 Binary files a/doc/bash.pdf and b/doc/bash.pdf differ diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 76f4cd323..860a31af5 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2 -%%CreationDate: Mon Nov 9 14:08:04 2009 +%%CreationDate: Thu Dec 17 10:19:41 2009 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -7516,664 +7516,676 @@ F1(cmdhist)144 180 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 F0 .419(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 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The).15 F -.25(va)184 444 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 456 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 +468 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +-.1(wa)184 480 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 (has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 -(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 420 Q F0 .146(If set, and)184 432 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.646 G(adline).18 E F0 .146(is being used,)2.646 F F1(bash)2.646 E -F0 .145(will not attempt to search the)2.646 F F1 -.74(PA)2.645 G(TH) --.21 E F0 .145(for possible)2.645 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 444 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 456 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 468 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 480 S +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 492 Q F0 .145(If set, and)184 504 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.645 G(adline).18 E F0 .145(is being used,)2.645 F F1(bash)2.646 E +F0 .146(will not attempt to search the)2.646 F F1 -.74(PA)2.646 G(TH) +-.21 E F0 .146(for possible)2.646 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 516 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 528 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 540 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 552 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 492 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -504 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 -F(while e)184 516 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 -E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 528 Q F0 -.854(If set,)184 540 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 -(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855 -(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o) --3.355 E -.15(ex)184 552 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) -.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 564 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 -(If set, the programmable completion f)184 576 R .677(acilities \(see) --.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 588 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 600 Q(omptv) --.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 612 R 1.448 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) --.15 F -.15(ex)184 624 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 564 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +576 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 +F(while e)184 588 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 +E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 600 Q F0 +.855(If set,)184 612 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855 +(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854 +(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354(\)t).15 G(o) +-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 624 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) +.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 636 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676 +(If set, the programmable completion f)184 648 R .677(acilities \(see) +-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 660 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 672 Q(omptv) +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)184 684 R 1.448 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 696 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) --.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 636 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 648 -S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 -(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 660 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 672 Q 4.178 -(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F -1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) -184 684 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 696 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 708 R F1 -(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 720 Q -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 October 16)140.405 E(65)190.395 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 +E(This option is enabled by def)184 708 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 +768 Q(2009 October 16)140.405 E(65)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sour)144 84 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771 -(If set, the)184 96 R F1(sour)3.271 E(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 -3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v)-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 108 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 120 Q F0(If set, the)184 132 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 --.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 144 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 -(Suspend the e)144 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 -(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G -F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) -3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 168 R F12.523 E F0 .023 -(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 180 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)144 84 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 +1.069 +(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) +184 96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 +108 Q 4.178(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678 +(lue may not be changed.).25 F 1.678 +(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe)184 120 +S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E F1 +(shift_v)144 132 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 144 R F1(shift) +3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 156 Q F1(sour) +144 168 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 180 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) +-.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F +.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 192 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 204 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 216 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) +108 228 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 240 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 252 R F1 +2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 264 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E -F1(test)108 192 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 -204 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 +F1(test)108 276 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 +288 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G -(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.188 -(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 216 R 3.688 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.187(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F -1.889(described abo)144 228 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)4.389 E 1.889(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)6.389 E F0 1.89(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.39(yo)-.15 G 1.89 -(ptions, nor)-4.39 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 240 Q +(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.187 +(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 300 R 3.688 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.188(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F +1.89(described abo)144 312 R 2.19 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)4.39 E 1.89(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)6.39 E F0 1.889(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.389(yo)-.15 G 1.889 +(ptions, nor)-4.389 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 324 Q (gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 258 R .785 +E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 342 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5 -(dence. The)144 270 R -.25(eva)2.5 G +(dence. The)144 354 R -.25(eva)2.5 G (luation depends on the number of ar).25 E(guments; see belo)-.18 E -.65 -(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 282 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G +(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 366 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G (ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\() -144 294 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 +144 378 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26 (his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 306 Q F3 -.2(ex) -144 318 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 330 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 342 S(pr1).2 E -F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 354 S +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 390 Q F3 -.2(ex) +144 402 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)180 414 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 426 S(pr1).2 E +F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 438 S (ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 370.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E +(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 454.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 388.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 400.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 412.8 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 424.8 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 472.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 484.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 496.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 508.8 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 436.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 448.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 520.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 532.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 460.8 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 472.8 Q .553 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 544.8 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 556.8 Q .552 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 484.8 Q +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 568.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 496.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 508.8 R .023 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 580.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .024(If the second ar)180 592.8 R .023 (gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F -.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 520.8 Q -1.478(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F +.323 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.523 E(DITION)180 604.8 Q +1.477(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F 1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513 -(using the \214rst and third ar)180 532.8 R .513(guments as operands.) +(using the \214rst and third ar)180 616.8 R .513(guments as operands.) -.18 F(The)5.513 E F13.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F13.013 E F0 -.513(operators are considered)3.013 F .972 -(binary operators when there are three ar)180 544.8 R 3.472(guments. If) +.512(operators are considered)3.013 F .972 +(binary operators when there are three ar)180 628.8 R 3.472(guments. If) -.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.472 E F0 -3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 556.8 -R -.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 -(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.384(guments. If)-.18 -F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 568.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874 -(he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar) -180 580.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f) --.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 592.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384 -(If the \214rst ar)180 604.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 -2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385 -(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-) --.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 616.8 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 +3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .884(the ne)180 640.8 +R -.05(ga)-.15 G .884(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 +(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.383(guments. If)-.18 +F .883(the \214rst)3.383 F(ar)180 652.8 Q .874(gument is e)-.18 F +(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.374 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.374 F .875 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.375(,t)C .875 +(he result is the one-ar)-3.375 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar) +180 664.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f) +-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 676.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385 +(If the \214rst ar)180 688.8 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 +2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384 +(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-) +-.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 700.8 R 4.147 +(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 628.8 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 640.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments) --.18 E 1.635(The e)180 652.8 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -664.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 681.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the \ -accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run f\ -rom the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 693.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.1) -72 768 Q(2009 October 16)140.405 E(66)190.395 E 0 Cg EP +(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 712.8 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 October 16)140.405 E(66) +190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5 -(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec) -2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command)144 96 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2 -(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) -144 108 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 -3.108(,e)C .608 +-.35 E 2.5(5o)144 84 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635 +(The e)180 96 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo) +180 108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(times)108 124.8 Q +F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and \ +for processes run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 +136.8 Q F1(trap)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E .703(The command)144 165.6 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703 +(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 +(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) +144 177.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E +F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 120 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +.659(\(the v)144 189.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 132 Q F0 .581(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .58(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 144 R F2 -(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 F -(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 156 R F13.36 E -F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +144.34 201.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F13.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 213.6 R +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 225.6 R F13.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 168 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell to\ - print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.311 -(bers. Each)144 180 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E -(names are case insensiti)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 E 1.648(If a)144 210 R F2(sigspec) -4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 -(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.649(If a)6.649 F F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 222 Q(UG) --.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F2(ar) -3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F2(case)3.667 E F0 -(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 234 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 -(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 246 R F3 .146 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 258 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) --.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 -(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 270 Q F2(ar)3.474 -E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +(signal. The)144 237.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 +(bers. Each)144 249.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E +(names are case insensiti)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 E 1.649(If a)144 279.6 R F2 +(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)4.149 E F0 +1.649(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) +4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.) +-.15 F 1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 +291.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F +F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command) +3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0 +(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 303.6 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e) +2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 315.6 R F3 .145 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 327.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 +G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E +F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 339.6 Q F2(ar) +3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 282 Q -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 300 R F2(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is)3.738 E F3 -(ERR)3.429 E F4(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F2(ar)3.759 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero)-3.429 F -.15(ex) -144 312 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F 1.009 -(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 -(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008 +.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 351.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .929(If a)144 369.6 R F2(sigspec)3.769 E F0(is) +3.739 E F3(ERR)3.429 E F4(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F2(ar)3.759 E +(g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .928(imple command has a non\255zero) +-3.429 F -.15(ex)144 381.6 S 1.008(it status, subject to the follo).15 F +1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 +(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.009(cuted if the f).15 F 1.009 (ailed com-)-.1 F .324 -(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 324 R .324 +(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 393.6 R .324 (wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1 -(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F 1.129(in an)144 -336 R F2(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.129(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.629 E F0(or)3.629 E/F5 10 -/Symbol SF3.629 E F0 1.129(list, or if the command')3.629 F 3.628 -(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 348 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15 +(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F 1.128(in an)144 +405.6 R F2(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.129(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.629 E F0(or)3.629 E/F5 10 +/Symbol SF3.629 E F0 1.129(list, or if the command')3.629 F 3.629 +(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.629 E -.25(va)144 417.6 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15 (ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C (hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E (exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -366 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 378 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 390 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 -E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +435.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 447.6 R .662 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 459.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) +-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 -406.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 418.8 S .173 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name) -3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F1144 430.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 +476.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 488.4 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) +3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F +F1144 500.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 442.8 Q F0 .086 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 -(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 454.8 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F12.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 466.8 R .855 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 512.4 Q F0 .087 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 +(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 524.4 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F +F12.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 536.4 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 478.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 -G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E -F13.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .112(search for each)144 490.8 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 -(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 --.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) -.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F12.613 E -F0(and)144 502.8 Q F12.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F -.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F3 --.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F12.944 -E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 514.8 R F1(type)2.765 E F0 .265 -(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265 -(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265 -(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the) -144 526.8 R F12.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F -.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548 -(consulted when using)144 538.8 R F13.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he) --5.548 E F13.048 E F0 .549 -(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1 -(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 550.8 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 +548.4 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 +(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 +3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 560.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) +C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 +F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 +(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1 +2.612 E F0(and)144 572.4 Q F12.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v) +2.944 F .444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) +-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .445(If the)4.945 F F1 +2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 584.4 R F1(type)2.765 +E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265 +(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426(and functions, if and only if the) +144 596.4 R F12.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F +.427(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549 +(consulted when using)144 608.4 R F13.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he) +-5.549 E F13.049 E F0 .548 +(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F1 +(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 620.4 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 (returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E -(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 567.6 +(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 637.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 579.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 649.2 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 591.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F13.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F13.444 E F0 .944 +.944(that allo)144 661.2 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F +(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 603.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +144 673.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 615.6 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F12.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F12.926 E F0 .426 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -627.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 685.2 R .426 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F12.925 E +F0(nor)2.925 E F12.925 E F0 .425 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +697.2 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 639.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 +.742(of the special v)144 709.2 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 651.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 721.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 663.6 R F12.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 -(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 675.6 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -144 687.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1144 -699.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E -F1144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E -(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 October 16)140.405 E(67)190.395 E 0 Cg EP +F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 October 16)140.405 E(67)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 -(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E -(gment)-.15 E F1144 96 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1144 108 Q F0 +-.35 E .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF2.999 E F0 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999 +(n. When).15 F .498(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 96 Q 2.5(alue. Other) +-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1144 108 +Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1144 120 Q F0 +(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1 +144 132 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1 +144 144 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G +(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 156 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1144 168 Q F0 (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97 -E F1144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1 -144 132 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1144 144 Q F0 +E F1144 180 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1 +144 192 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E +(ed into memory)-.1 E F1144 204 Q F0 (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 156 Q F0 .791(The \ +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 216 Q F0 .791(The \ maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 -168 Q F1144 180 Q F0 +24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 228 Q F1144 240 Q F0 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 -144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -24.74 E F1144 204 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority) -25.86 E F1144 216 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1144 -228 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1144 -240 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 252 Q F0 +144 252 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) +24.74 E F1144 264 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority) +25.86 E F1144 276 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1144 +288 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1144 +300 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 312 Q F0 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to the shell).25 E F1144 264 Q F0 -(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1144 276 Q F0 -(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 292.8 Q/F2 10 +(ilable to the shell).25 E F1144 324 Q F0 +(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1144 336 Q F0 +(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 352.8 Q/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 (alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F12.843 E F0 .343 -(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .176(option is gi) -144 304.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F12.676 E F0 .175 -(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 316.8 -Q F12.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.515 F F12.516 E F0(,) -A F12.516 E F0(,)A F12.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F1 -2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E -3.788(ues. The)144 328.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F +(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi) +144 364.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F12.675 E F0 .175 +(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 376.8 +Q F12.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F12.516 E F0(,) +A F12.515 E F0(,)A F12.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1 +2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E +3.787(ues. The)144 388.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 -340.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 357.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +400.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 369.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 429.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 381.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -393.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +pted by)144 441.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +453.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 405.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 465.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 417.6 Q F0 .551 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 429.6 Q +(mode)144.38 477.6 Q F0 .552 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 +F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 489.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 446.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 458.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 506.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 518.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 470.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F(remo)144 530.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 487.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 499.2 S 3.106 -(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F2(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E -.906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607 -(ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the) -5.607 F F1144 511.2 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.305(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F -2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304 -(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1144 523.2 Q F0 .459 -(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F2(name)3.319 E F0 .459 -(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 535.2 R .903 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 547.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 559.2 S 3.107 +(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E +.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607 +(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the) +5.607 F F1144 571.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F +2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305 +(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1144 583.2 Q F0 .46 +(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459 +(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 595.2 R .902 (ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902 -(rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F -(If)5.902 E(an)144 547.2 Q 4.284(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.284 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(RANDOM)4.284 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3 +(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F +(If)5.903 E(an)144 607.2 Q 4.285(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.285 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(RANDOM)4.285 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3 (LINENO)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)4.035 E(AME) -.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.035 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.035 E F3(DIRST) -4.285 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.035 E .329(unset, the)144 -559.2 R 2.829(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.829 F +4.284 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.034 E .328(unset, the)144 +619.2 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.828 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)-2.828 G(he)-2.828 E 2.828(ya) --.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .328 -(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 571.2 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 588 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C -(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 600 S .288 +-.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .329 +(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 631.2 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 648 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C +(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 660 S .288 (it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F -(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 -(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 612 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722 +(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 +(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722 (n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w) --3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.582 E F0 -(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265 -(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 -(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F2(n)4.126 E F0 .457 -(speci\214es a non-e)144 636 R .457 +-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.583 E F0 +(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 684 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266 +(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 +(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456 +(speci\214es a non-e)144 696 R .457 (xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457 -(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 648 S +(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 708 S (it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E -/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 664.8 Q F0(If)108 676.8 Q -F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F1(rbash)4.397 -E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 E F0 1.897 -(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. 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S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F3(bashb)108.27 259.2 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 -211.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 -E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.11(BU)72 228 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 240 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 -(There are some subtle dif)108 256.8 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F2 -(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F -F2(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 268.8 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E -(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 285.6 Q(Shell b)108 302.4 Q +276 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 E +F3 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E F1 -.11(BU)72 292.8 S +(GS).11 E F0(It')108 304.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E +-.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869(There are some subtle dif)108 321.6 R 1.869 +(ferences between)-.25 F F2(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v) +4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868 +(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 333.6 Q F0 +(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 350.4 Q +(Shell b)108 367.2 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 319.2 R .389 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 331.2 R .389 -(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) -108 343.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ -ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F -(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 355.2 Q(Array v)108 372 Q -(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E -(There may be only one acti)108 388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +re not handled gracefully when)108 384 R .39 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 396 R .389 +(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 +(mand in the sequence.)108 408 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to pl\ +ace the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 +F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 420 Q(Array v)108 436.8 +Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 453.6 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H (oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2009 October 16)140.405 E(70)190.395 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer diff --git a/lib/readline/COPYING b/lib/readline/COPYING deleted file mode 100644 index 94a9ed024..000000000 --- a/lib/readline/COPYING +++ /dev/null @@ -1,674 +0,0 @@ - GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE - Version 3, 29 June 2007 - - Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies - of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. - - Preamble - - The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for -software and other kinds of works. - - The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed -to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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But first, please read -. diff --git a/lib/readline/COPYING b/lib/readline/COPYING new file mode 120000 index 000000000..7d29222e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/readline/COPYING @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +../../COPYING \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lib/readline/ansi_stdlib.h b/lib/readline/ansi_stdlib.h deleted file mode 100644 index 7dc2ee0cf..000000000 --- a/lib/readline/ansi_stdlib.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ -/* ansi_stdlib.h -- An ANSI Standard stdlib.h. */ -/* A minimal stdlib.h containing extern declarations for those functions - that bash uses. */ - -/* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - - This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. - - Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify - it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or - (at your option) any later version. - - Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, - but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the - GNU General Public License for more details. - - You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License - along with Bash. If not, see . -*/ - -#if !defined (_STDLIB_H_) -#define _STDLIB_H_ 1 - -/* String conversion functions. */ -extern int atoi (); - -extern double atof (); -extern double strtod (); - -/* Memory allocation functions. */ -/* Generic pointer type. */ -#ifndef PTR_T - -#if defined (__STDC__) -# define PTR_T void * -#else -# define PTR_T char * -#endif - -#endif /* PTR_T */ - -extern PTR_T malloc (); -extern PTR_T realloc (); -extern void free (); - -/* Other miscellaneous functions. */ -extern void abort (); -extern void exit (); -extern char *getenv (); -extern void qsort (); - -#endif /* _STDLIB_H */ diff --git a/lib/readline/ansi_stdlib.h b/lib/readline/ansi_stdlib.h new file mode 120000 index 000000000..0bfba502e --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/readline/ansi_stdlib.h @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +../../include/ansi_stdlib.h \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/fdl.texi b/lib/readline/doc/fdl.texi deleted file mode 100644 index 8805f1a47..000000000 --- a/lib/readline/doc/fdl.texi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,506 +0,0 @@ -@c The GNU Free Documentation License. -@center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 - -@c This file is intended to be included within another document, -@c hence no sectioning command or @node. - -@display -Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -@uref{http://fsf.org/} - -Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies -of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. -@end display - -@enumerate 0 -@item -PREAMBLE - -The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other -functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to -assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, -with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. -Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way -to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible -for modifications made by others. - -This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative -works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. 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A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU - Free Documentation License''. -@end group -@end smallexample - -If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, -replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this: - -@smallexample -@group - with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with - the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts - being @var{list}. -@end group -@end smallexample - -If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other -combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the -situation. - -If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we -recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of -free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, -to permit their use in free software. - -@c Local Variables: -@c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" -@c End: - diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/fdl.texi b/lib/readline/doc/fdl.texi new file mode 120000 index 000000000..68e5eb548 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/readline/doc/fdl.texi @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +../../../doc/fdl.texi \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lib/readline/posixdir.h b/lib/readline/posixdir.h deleted file mode 100644 index bd33694db..000000000 --- a/lib/readline/posixdir.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ -/* posixdir.h -- Posix directory reading includes and defines. */ - -/* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - - This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. - - Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify - it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or - (at your option) any later version. - - Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, - but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the - GNU General Public License for more details. - - You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License - along with Bash. If not, see . -*/ - -/* This file should be included instead of or . */ - -#if !defined (_POSIXDIR_H_) -#define _POSIXDIR_H_ - -#if defined (HAVE_DIRENT_H) -# include -# if defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN) -# define D_NAMLEN(d) ((d)->d_namlen) -# else -# define D_NAMLEN(d) (strlen ((d)->d_name)) -# endif /* !HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_NAMLEN */ -#else -# if defined (HAVE_SYS_NDIR_H) -# include -# endif -# if defined (HAVE_SYS_DIR_H) -# include -# endif -# if defined (HAVE_NDIR_H) -# include -# endif -# if !defined (dirent) -# define dirent direct -# endif /* !dirent */ -# define D_NAMLEN(d) ((d)->d_namlen) -#endif /* !HAVE_DIRENT_H */ - -#if defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO) && !defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_FILENO) -# define d_fileno d_ino -#endif - -#if defined (_POSIX_SOURCE) && (!defined (HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_INO) || defined (BROKEN_DIRENT_D_INO)) -/* Posix does not require that the d_ino field be present, and some - systems do not provide it. */ -# define REAL_DIR_ENTRY(dp) 1 -#else -# define REAL_DIR_ENTRY(dp) (dp->d_ino != 0) -#endif /* _POSIX_SOURCE */ - -#endif /* !_POSIXDIR_H_ */ diff --git a/lib/readline/posixdir.h b/lib/readline/posixdir.h new file mode 120000 index 000000000..8b1638454 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/readline/posixdir.h @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +../../include/posixdir.h \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lib/readline/posixjmp.h b/lib/readline/posixjmp.h deleted file mode 100644 index 49bfecf33..000000000 --- a/lib/readline/posixjmp.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -/* posixjmp.h -- wrapper for setjmp.h with changes for POSIX systems. */ - -/* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - - This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. - - Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify - it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or - (at your option) any later version. - - Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, - but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the - GNU General Public License for more details. - - You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License - along with Bash. If not, see . -*/ - -#ifndef _POSIXJMP_H_ -#define _POSIXJMP_H_ - -#include - -/* This *must* be included *after* config.h */ - -#if defined (HAVE_POSIX_SIGSETJMP) -# define procenv_t sigjmp_buf -# if !defined (__OPENNT) -# undef setjmp -# define setjmp(x) sigsetjmp((x), 1) -# undef longjmp -# define longjmp(x, n) siglongjmp((x), (n)) -# endif /* !__OPENNT */ -#else -# define procenv_t jmp_buf -#endif - -#endif /* _POSIXJMP_H_ */ diff --git a/lib/readline/posixjmp.h b/lib/readline/posixjmp.h new file mode 120000 index 000000000..b4d3ee74b --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/readline/posixjmp.h @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +../../include/posixjmp.h \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lib/readline/posixselect.h b/lib/readline/posixselect.h deleted file mode 100644 index da6a1ace0..000000000 --- a/lib/readline/posixselect.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -/* posixselect.h -- wrapper for select(2) includes and definitions */ - -/* Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - - This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. - - Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify - it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or - (at your option) any later version. - - Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, - but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the - GNU General Public License for more details. - - You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License - along with Bash. If not, see . -*/ - -#ifndef _POSIXSELECT_H_ -#define _POSIXSELECT_H_ - -#if defined (FD_SET) && !defined (HAVE_SELECT) -# define HAVE_SELECT 1 -#endif - -#if defined (HAVE_SELECT) -# if !defined (HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H) || !defined (M_UNIX) -# include -# endif -#endif /* HAVE_SELECT */ -#if defined (HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H) -# include -#endif - -#ifndef USEC_PER_SEC -# define USEC_PER_SEC 1000000 -#endif - -#define USEC_TO_TIMEVAL(us, tv) \ -do { \ - (tv).tv_sec = (us) / USEC_PER_SEC; \ - (tv).tv_usec = (us) % USEC_PER_SEC; \ -} while (0) - -#endif /* _POSIXSELECT_H_ */ diff --git a/lib/readline/posixselect.h b/lib/readline/posixselect.h new file mode 120000 index 000000000..56a0a2c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/readline/posixselect.h @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +../../include/posixselect.h \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lib/readline/posixstat.h b/lib/readline/posixstat.h deleted file mode 100644 index 3eb7f2906..000000000 --- a/lib/readline/posixstat.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -/* posixstat.h -- Posix stat(2) definitions for systems that - don't have them. */ - -/* Copyright (C) 1987,1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - - This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. - - Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify - it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or - (at your option) any later version. - - Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, - but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the - GNU General Public License for more details. - - You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License - along with Bash. If not, see . -*/ - -/* This file should be included instead of . - It relies on the local sys/stat.h to work though. */ -#if !defined (_POSIXSTAT_H_) -#define _POSIXSTAT_H_ - -#include - -#if defined (STAT_MACROS_BROKEN) -# undef S_ISBLK -# undef S_ISCHR -# undef S_ISDIR -# undef S_ISFIFO -# undef S_ISREG -# undef S_ISLNK -#endif /* STAT_MACROS_BROKEN */ - -/* These are guaranteed to work only on isc386 */ -#if !defined (S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_ISDIR) -# define S_IFDIR 0040000 -#endif /* !S_IFDIR && !S_ISDIR */ -#if !defined (S_IFMT) -# define S_IFMT 0170000 -#endif /* !S_IFMT */ - -/* Posix 1003.1 5.6.1.1 file types */ - -/* Some Posix-wannabe systems define _S_IF* macros instead of S_IF*, but - do not provide the S_IS* macros that Posix requires. */ - -#if defined (_S_IFMT) && !defined (S_IFMT) -#define S_IFMT _S_IFMT -#endif -#if defined (_S_IFIFO) && !defined (S_IFIFO) -#define S_IFIFO _S_IFIFO -#endif -#if defined (_S_IFCHR) && !defined (S_IFCHR) -#define S_IFCHR _S_IFCHR -#endif -#if defined (_S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_IFDIR) -#define S_IFDIR _S_IFDIR -#endif -#if defined (_S_IFBLK) && !defined (S_IFBLK) -#define S_IFBLK _S_IFBLK -#endif -#if defined (_S_IFREG) && !defined (S_IFREG) -#define S_IFREG _S_IFREG -#endif -#if defined (_S_IFLNK) && !defined (S_IFLNK) -#define S_IFLNK _S_IFLNK -#endif -#if defined (_S_IFSOCK) && !defined (S_IFSOCK) -#define S_IFSOCK _S_IFSOCK -#endif - -/* Test for each symbol individually and define the ones necessary (some - systems claiming Posix compatibility define some but not all). */ - -#if defined (S_IFBLK) && !defined (S_ISBLK) -#define S_ISBLK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK) /* block device */ -#endif - -#if defined (S_IFCHR) && !defined (S_ISCHR) -#define S_ISCHR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR) /* character device */ -#endif - -#if defined (S_IFDIR) && !defined (S_ISDIR) -#define S_ISDIR(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) /* directory */ -#endif - -#if defined (S_IFREG) && !defined (S_ISREG) -#define S_ISREG(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFREG) /* file */ -#endif - -#if defined (S_IFIFO) && !defined (S_ISFIFO) -#define S_ISFIFO(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO) /* fifo - named pipe */ -#endif - -#if defined (S_IFLNK) && !defined (S_ISLNK) -#define S_ISLNK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK) /* symbolic link */ -#endif - -#if defined (S_IFSOCK) && !defined (S_ISSOCK) -#define S_ISSOCK(m) (((m)&S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK) /* socket */ -#endif - -/* - * POSIX 1003.1 5.6.1.2 File Modes - */ - -#if !defined (S_IRWXU) -# if !defined (S_IREAD) -# define S_IREAD 00400 -# define S_IWRITE 00200 -# define S_IEXEC 00100 -# endif /* S_IREAD */ - -# if !defined (S_IRUSR) -# define S_IRUSR S_IREAD /* read, owner */ -# define S_IWUSR S_IWRITE /* write, owner */ -# define S_IXUSR S_IEXEC /* execute, owner */ - -# define S_IRGRP (S_IREAD >> 3) /* read, group */ -# define S_IWGRP (S_IWRITE >> 3) /* write, group */ -# define S_IXGRP (S_IEXEC >> 3) /* execute, group */ - -# define S_IROTH (S_IREAD >> 6) /* read, other */ -# define S_IWOTH (S_IWRITE >> 6) /* write, other */ -# define S_IXOTH (S_IEXEC >> 6) /* execute, other */ -# endif /* !S_IRUSR */ - -# define S_IRWXU (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR) -# define S_IRWXG (S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IXGRP) -# define S_IRWXO (S_IROTH | S_IWOTH | S_IXOTH) -#endif /* !S_IRWXU */ - -/* These are non-standard, but are used in builtins.c$symbolic_umask() */ -#define S_IRUGO (S_IRUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH) -#define S_IWUGO (S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH) -#define S_IXUGO (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH) - -#endif /* _POSIXSTAT_H_ */ diff --git a/lib/readline/posixstat.h b/lib/readline/posixstat.h new file mode 120000 index 000000000..c6164b792 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/readline/posixstat.h @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +../../include/posixstat.h \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lib/readline/tilde.c b/lib/readline/tilde.c deleted file mode 100644 index 088ff1540..000000000 --- a/lib/readline/tilde.c +++ /dev/null @@ -1,502 +0,0 @@ -/* tilde.c -- Tilde expansion code (~/foo := $HOME/foo). */ - -/* Copyright (C) 1988-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - - This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library - for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. - - Readline is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify - it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or - (at your option) any later version. - - Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, - but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the - GNU General Public License for more details. - - You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License - along with Readline. If not, see . -*/ - -#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H) -# include -#endif - -#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) -# ifdef _MINIX -# include -# endif -# include -#endif - -#if defined (HAVE_STRING_H) -# include -#else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ -# include -#endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */ - -#if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H) -# include -#else -# include "ansi_stdlib.h" -#endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */ - -#include -#if defined (HAVE_PWD_H) -#include -#endif - -#include "tilde.h" - -#if defined (TEST) || defined (STATIC_MALLOC) -static void *xmalloc (), *xrealloc (); -#else -# include "xmalloc.h" -#endif /* TEST || STATIC_MALLOC */ - -#if !defined (HAVE_GETPW_DECLS) -# if defined (HAVE_GETPWUID) -extern struct passwd *getpwuid PARAMS((uid_t)); -# endif -# if defined (HAVE_GETPWNAM) -extern struct passwd *getpwnam PARAMS((const char *)); -# endif -#endif /* !HAVE_GETPW_DECLS */ - -#if !defined (savestring) -#define savestring(x) strcpy ((char *)xmalloc (1 + strlen (x)), (x)) -#endif /* !savestring */ - -#if !defined (NULL) -# if defined (__STDC__) -# define NULL ((void *) 0) -# else -# define NULL 0x0 -# endif /* !__STDC__ */ -#endif /* !NULL */ - -/* If being compiled as part of bash, these will be satisfied from - variables.o. If being compiled as part of readline, they will - be satisfied from shell.o. */ -extern char *sh_get_home_dir PARAMS((void)); -extern char *sh_get_env_value PARAMS((const char *)); - -/* The default value of tilde_additional_prefixes. This is set to - whitespace preceding a tilde so that simple programs which do not - perform any word separation get desired behaviour. */ -static const char *default_prefixes[] = - { " ~", "\t~", (const char *)NULL }; - -/* The default value of tilde_additional_suffixes. This is set to - whitespace or newline so that simple programs which do not - perform any word separation get desired behaviour. */ -static const char *default_suffixes[] = - { " ", "\n", (const char *)NULL }; - -/* If non-null, this contains the address of a function that the application - wants called before trying the standard tilde expansions. The function - is called with the text sans tilde, and returns a malloc()'ed string - which is the expansion, or a NULL pointer if the expansion fails. */ -tilde_hook_func_t *tilde_expansion_preexpansion_hook = (tilde_hook_func_t *)NULL; - -/* If non-null, this contains the address of a function to call if the - standard meaning for expanding a tilde fails. The function is called - with the text (sans tilde, as in "foo"), and returns a malloc()'ed string - which is the expansion, or a NULL pointer if there is no expansion. */ -tilde_hook_func_t *tilde_expansion_failure_hook = (tilde_hook_func_t *)NULL; - -/* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which - are duplicates for a tilde prefix. Bash uses this to expand - `=~' and `:~'. */ -char **tilde_additional_prefixes = (char **)default_prefixes; - -/* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which match - the end of a username, instead of just "/". Bash sets this to - `:' and `=~'. */ -char **tilde_additional_suffixes = (char **)default_suffixes; - -static int tilde_find_prefix PARAMS((const char *, int *)); -static int tilde_find_suffix PARAMS((const char *)); -static char *isolate_tilde_prefix PARAMS((const char *, int *)); -static char *glue_prefix_and_suffix PARAMS((char *, const char *, int)); - -/* Find the start of a tilde expansion in STRING, and return the index of - the tilde which starts the expansion. Place the length of the text - which identified this tilde starter in LEN, excluding the tilde itself. */ -static int -tilde_find_prefix (string, len) - const char *string; - int *len; -{ - register int i, j, string_len; - register char **prefixes; - - prefixes = tilde_additional_prefixes; - - string_len = strlen (string); - *len = 0; - - if (*string == '\0' || *string == '~') - return (0); - - if (prefixes) - { - for (i = 0; i < string_len; i++) - { - for (j = 0; prefixes[j]; j++) - { - if (strncmp (string + i, prefixes[j], strlen (prefixes[j])) == 0) - { - *len = strlen (prefixes[j]) - 1; - return (i + *len); - } - } - } - } - return (string_len); -} - -/* Find the end of a tilde expansion in STRING, and return the index of - the character which ends the tilde definition. */ -static int -tilde_find_suffix (string) - const char *string; -{ - register int i, j, string_len; - register char **suffixes; - - suffixes = tilde_additional_suffixes; - string_len = strlen (string); - - for (i = 0; i < string_len; i++) - { -#if defined (__MSDOS__) - if (string[i] == '/' || string[i] == '\\' /* || !string[i] */) -#else - if (string[i] == '/' /* || !string[i] */) -#endif - break; - - for (j = 0; suffixes && suffixes[j]; j++) - { - if (strncmp (string + i, suffixes[j], strlen (suffixes[j])) == 0) - return (i); - } - } - return (i); -} - -/* Return a new string which is the result of tilde expanding STRING. */ -char * -tilde_expand (string) - const char *string; -{ - char *result; - int result_size, result_index; - - result_index = result_size = 0; - if (result = strchr (string, '~')) - result = (char *)xmalloc (result_size = (strlen (string) + 16)); - else - result = (char *)xmalloc (result_size = (strlen (string) + 1)); - - /* Scan through STRING expanding tildes as we come to them. */ - while (1) - { - register int start, end; - char *tilde_word, *expansion; - int len; - - /* Make START point to the tilde which starts the expansion. */ - start = tilde_find_prefix (string, &len); - - /* Copy the skipped text into the result. */ - if ((result_index + start + 1) > result_size) - result = (char *)xrealloc (result, 1 + (result_size += (start + 20))); - - strncpy (result + result_index, string, start); - result_index += start; - - /* Advance STRING to the starting tilde. */ - string += start; - - /* Make END be the index of one after the last character of the - username. */ - end = tilde_find_suffix (string); - - /* If both START and END are zero, we are all done. */ - if (!start && !end) - break; - - /* Expand the entire tilde word, and copy it into RESULT. */ - tilde_word = (char *)xmalloc (1 + end); - strncpy (tilde_word, string, end); - tilde_word[end] = '\0'; - string += end; - - expansion = tilde_expand_word (tilde_word); - xfree (tilde_word); - - len = strlen (expansion); -#ifdef __CYGWIN__ - /* Fix for Cygwin to prevent ~user/xxx from expanding to //xxx when - $HOME for `user' is /. On cygwin, // denotes a network drive. */ - if (len > 1 || *expansion != '/' || *string != '/') -#endif - { - if ((result_index + len + 1) > result_size) - result = (char *)xrealloc (result, 1 + (result_size += (len + 20))); - - strcpy (result + result_index, expansion); - result_index += len; - } - xfree (expansion); - } - - result[result_index] = '\0'; - - return (result); -} - -/* Take FNAME and return the tilde prefix we want expanded. If LENP is - non-null, the index of the end of the prefix into FNAME is returned in - the location it points to. */ -static char * -isolate_tilde_prefix (fname, lenp) - const char *fname; - int *lenp; -{ - char *ret; - int i; - - ret = (char *)xmalloc (strlen (fname)); -#if defined (__MSDOS__) - for (i = 1; fname[i] && fname[i] != '/' && fname[i] != '\\'; i++) -#else - for (i = 1; fname[i] && fname[i] != '/'; i++) -#endif - ret[i - 1] = fname[i]; - ret[i - 1] = '\0'; - if (lenp) - *lenp = i; - return ret; -} - -#if 0 -/* Public function to scan a string (FNAME) beginning with a tilde and find - the portion of the string that should be passed to the tilde expansion - function. Right now, it just calls tilde_find_suffix and allocates new - memory, but it can be expanded to do different things later. */ -char * -tilde_find_word (fname, flags, lenp) - const char *fname; - int flags, *lenp; -{ - int x; - char *r; - - x = tilde_find_suffix (fname); - if (x == 0) - { - r = savestring (fname); - if (lenp) - *lenp = 0; - } - else - { - r = (char *)xmalloc (1 + x); - strncpy (r, fname, x); - r[x] = '\0'; - if (lenp) - *lenp = x; - } - - return r; -} -#endif - -/* Return a string that is PREFIX concatenated with SUFFIX starting at - SUFFIND. */ -static char * -glue_prefix_and_suffix (prefix, suffix, suffind) - char *prefix; - const char *suffix; - int suffind; -{ - char *ret; - int plen, slen; - - plen = (prefix && *prefix) ? strlen (prefix) : 0; - slen = strlen (suffix + suffind); - ret = (char *)xmalloc (plen + slen + 1); - if (plen) - strcpy (ret, prefix); - strcpy (ret + plen, suffix + suffind); - return ret; -} - -/* Do the work of tilde expansion on FILENAME. FILENAME starts with a - tilde. If there is no expansion, call tilde_expansion_failure_hook. - This always returns a newly-allocated string, never static storage. */ -char * -tilde_expand_word (filename) - const char *filename; -{ - char *dirname, *expansion, *username; - int user_len; - struct passwd *user_entry; - - if (filename == 0) - return ((char *)NULL); - - if (*filename != '~') - return (savestring (filename)); - - /* A leading `~/' or a bare `~' is *always* translated to the value of - $HOME or the home directory of the current user, regardless of any - preexpansion hook. */ - if (filename[1] == '\0' || filename[1] == '/') - { - /* Prefix $HOME to the rest of the string. */ - expansion = sh_get_env_value ("HOME"); - - /* If there is no HOME variable, look up the directory in - the password database. */ - if (expansion == 0) - expansion = sh_get_home_dir (); - - return (glue_prefix_and_suffix (expansion, filename, 1)); - } - - username = isolate_tilde_prefix (filename, &user_len); - - if (tilde_expansion_preexpansion_hook) - { - expansion = (*tilde_expansion_preexpansion_hook) (username); - if (expansion) - { - dirname = glue_prefix_and_suffix (expansion, filename, user_len); - xfree (username); - free (expansion); - return (dirname); - } - } - - /* No preexpansion hook, or the preexpansion hook failed. Look in the - password database. */ - dirname = (char *)NULL; -#if defined (HAVE_GETPWNAM) - user_entry = getpwnam (username); -#else - user_entry = 0; -#endif - if (user_entry == 0) - { - /* If the calling program has a special syntax for expanding tildes, - and we couldn't find a standard expansion, then let them try. */ - if (tilde_expansion_failure_hook) - { - expansion = (*tilde_expansion_failure_hook) (username); - if (expansion) - { - dirname = glue_prefix_and_suffix (expansion, filename, user_len); - free (expansion); - } - } - /* If we don't have a failure hook, or if the failure hook did not - expand the tilde, return a copy of what we were passed. */ - if (dirname == 0) - dirname = savestring (filename); - } -#if defined (HAVE_GETPWENT) - else - dirname = glue_prefix_and_suffix (user_entry->pw_dir, filename, user_len); -#endif - - xfree (username); -#if defined (HAVE_GETPWENT) - endpwent (); -#endif - return (dirname); -} - - -#if defined (TEST) -#undef NULL -#include - -main (argc, argv) - int argc; - char **argv; -{ - char *result, line[512]; - int done = 0; - - while (!done) - { - printf ("~expand: "); - fflush (stdout); - - if (!gets (line)) - strcpy (line, "done"); - - if ((strcmp (line, "done") == 0) || - (strcmp (line, "quit") == 0) || - (strcmp (line, "exit") == 0)) - { - done = 1; - break; - } - - result = tilde_expand (line); - printf (" --> %s\n", result); - free (result); - } - exit (0); -} - -static void memory_error_and_abort (); - -static void * -xmalloc (bytes) - size_t bytes; -{ - void *temp = (char *)malloc (bytes); - - if (!temp) - memory_error_and_abort (); - return (temp); -} - -static void * -xrealloc (pointer, bytes) - void *pointer; - int bytes; -{ - void *temp; - - if (!pointer) - temp = malloc (bytes); - else - temp = realloc (pointer, bytes); - - if (!temp) - memory_error_and_abort (); - - return (temp); -} - -static void -memory_error_and_abort () -{ - fprintf (stderr, "readline: out of virtual memory\n"); - abort (); -} - -/* - * Local variables: - * compile-command: "gcc -g -DTEST -o tilde tilde.c" - * end: - */ -#endif /* TEST */ diff --git a/lib/readline/tilde.c b/lib/readline/tilde.c new file mode 120000 index 000000000..439ceedeb --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/readline/tilde.c @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +../tilde/tilde.c \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lib/readline/tilde.h b/lib/readline/tilde.h deleted file mode 100644 index e26dd0476..000000000 --- a/lib/readline/tilde.h +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ -/* tilde.h: Externally available variables and function in libtilde.a. */ - -/* Copyright (C) 1992-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - - This file contains the Readline Library (Readline), a set of - routines for providing Emacs style line input to programs that ask - for it. - - Readline is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify - it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by - the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or - (at your option) any later version. - - Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, - but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of - MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the - GNU General Public License for more details. - - You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License - along with Readline. If not, see . -*/ - -#if !defined (_TILDE_H_) -# define _TILDE_H_ - -#ifdef __cplusplus -extern "C" { -#endif - -/* A function can be defined using prototypes and compile on both ANSI C - and traditional C compilers with something like this: - extern char *func PARAMS((char *, char *, int)); */ - -#if !defined (PARAMS) -# if defined (__STDC__) || defined (__GNUC__) || defined (__cplusplus) -# define PARAMS(protos) protos -# else -# define PARAMS(protos) () -# endif -#endif - -typedef char *tilde_hook_func_t PARAMS((char *)); - -/* If non-null, this contains the address of a function that the application - wants called before trying the standard tilde expansions. The function - is called with the text sans tilde, and returns a malloc()'ed string - which is the expansion, or a NULL pointer if the expansion fails. */ -extern tilde_hook_func_t *tilde_expansion_preexpansion_hook; - -/* If non-null, this contains the address of a function to call if the - standard meaning for expanding a tilde fails. The function is called - with the text (sans tilde, as in "foo"), and returns a malloc()'ed string - which is the expansion, or a NULL pointer if there is no expansion. */ -extern tilde_hook_func_t *tilde_expansion_failure_hook; - -/* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which - are duplicates for a tilde prefix. Bash uses this to expand - `=~' and `:~'. */ -extern char **tilde_additional_prefixes; - -/* When non-null, this is a NULL terminated array of strings which match - the end of a username, instead of just "/". Bash sets this to - `:' and `=~'. */ -extern char **tilde_additional_suffixes; - -/* Return a new string which is the result of tilde expanding STRING. */ -extern char *tilde_expand PARAMS((const char *)); - -/* Do the work of tilde expansion on FILENAME. FILENAME starts with a - tilde. If there is no expansion, call tilde_expansion_failure_hook. */ -extern char *tilde_expand_word PARAMS((const char *)); - -/* Find the portion of the string beginning with ~ that should be expanded. */ -extern char *tilde_find_word PARAMS((const char *, int, int *)); - -#ifdef __cplusplus -} -#endif - -#endif /* _TILDE_H_ */ diff --git a/lib/readline/tilde.h b/lib/readline/tilde.h new file mode 120000 index 000000000..6fea2aeaa --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/readline/tilde.h @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +../tilde/tilde.h \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/subst.c b/subst.c index 6072413b6..67c31fd27 100644 --- a/subst.c +++ b/subst.c @@ -1130,7 +1130,7 @@ string_extract_verbatim (string, slen, sindex, charlist, flags) /* Extract the $( construct in STRING, and return a new string. Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$(". Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching ")". ) - XFLAGS is additional flags to pass to other extraction functions, */ + XFLAGS is additional flags to pass to other extraction functions. */ char * extract_command_subst (string, sindex, xflags) char *string; @@ -1264,6 +1264,18 @@ extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, opener, alt_opener, closer, flags) continue; } +#if 0 + /* Process a nested command substitution, but only if we're parsing a + command substitution. XXX - for bash-4.2 */ + if ((flags & SX_COMMAND) && string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LPAREN) + { + si = i + 2; + t = extract_command_subst (string, &si, flags); + i = si + 1; + continue; + } +#endif + /* Process a nested OPENER. */ if (STREQN (string + i, opener, len_opener)) { @@ -7358,6 +7370,7 @@ param_expand (string, sindex, quoted, expanded_something, if (chk_arithsub (temp2, t_index) == 0) { free (temp2); + internal_warning (_("future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution")); goto comsub; } diff --git a/subst.c.save1 b/subst.c.save1 new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29632106e --- /dev/null +++ b/subst.c.save1 @@ -0,0 +1,9055 @@ +/* subst.c -- The part of the shell that does parameter, command, arithmetic, + and globbing substitutions. */ + +/* ``Have a little faith, there's magic in the night. You ain't a + beauty, but, hey, you're alright.'' */ + +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. + + Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify + it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by + the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or + (at your option) any later version. + + Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with Bash. If not, see . +*/ + +#include "config.h" + +#include "bashtypes.h" +#include +#include "chartypes.h" +#if defined (HAVE_PWD_H) +# include +#endif +#include +#include + +#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) +# include +#endif + +#include "bashansi.h" +#include "posixstat.h" +#include "bashintl.h" + +#include "shell.h" +#include "flags.h" +#include "jobs.h" +#include "execute_cmd.h" +#include "filecntl.h" +#include "trap.h" +#include "pathexp.h" +#include "mailcheck.h" + +#include "shmbutil.h" + +#include "builtins/getopt.h" +#include "builtins/common.h" + +#include "builtins/builtext.h" + +#include +#include + +#if !defined (errno) +extern int errno; +#endif /* !errno */ + +/* The size that strings change by. */ +#define DEFAULT_INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE 112 +#define DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE 128 + +/* Variable types. */ +#define VT_VARIABLE 0 +#define VT_POSPARMS 1 +#define VT_ARRAYVAR 2 +#define VT_ARRAYMEMBER 3 +#define VT_ASSOCVAR 4 + +#define VT_STARSUB 128 /* $* or ${array[*]} -- used to split */ + +/* Flags for quoted_strchr */ +#define ST_BACKSL 0x01 +#define ST_CTLESC 0x02 +#define ST_SQUOTE 0x04 /* unused yet */ +#define ST_DQUOTE 0x08 /* unused yet */ + +/* Flags for the `pflags' argument to param_expand() */ +#define PF_NOCOMSUB 0x01 /* Do not perform command substitution */ +#define PF_IGNUNBOUND 0x02 /* ignore unbound vars even if -u set */ +#define PF_NOSPLIT2 0x04 /* same as W_NOSPLIT2 */ + +/* These defs make it easier to use the editor. */ +#define LBRACE '{' +#define RBRACE '}' +#define LPAREN '(' +#define RPAREN ')' + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +#define WLPAREN L'(' +#define WRPAREN L')' +#endif + +/* Evaluates to 1 if C is one of the shell's special parameters whose length + can be taken, but is also one of the special expansion characters. */ +#define VALID_SPECIAL_LENGTH_PARAM(c) \ + ((c) == '-' || (c) == '?' || (c) == '#') + +/* Evaluates to 1 if C is one of the shell's special parameters for which an + indirect variable reference may be made. */ +#define VALID_INDIR_PARAM(c) \ + ((c) == '#' || (c) == '?' || (c) == '@' || (c) == '*') + +/* Evaluates to 1 if C is one of the OP characters that follows the parameter + in ${parameter[:]OPword}. */ +#define VALID_PARAM_EXPAND_CHAR(c) (sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char)c] & CSUBSTOP) + +/* Evaluates to 1 if this is one of the shell's special variables. */ +#define SPECIAL_VAR(name, wi) \ + ((DIGIT (*name) && all_digits (name)) || \ + (name[1] == '\0' && (sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char)*name] & CSPECVAR)) || \ + (wi && name[2] == '\0' && VALID_INDIR_PARAM (name[1]))) + +/* An expansion function that takes a string and a quoted flag and returns + a WORD_LIST *. Used as the type of the third argument to + expand_string_if_necessary(). */ +typedef WORD_LIST *EXPFUNC __P((char *, int)); + +/* Process ID of the last command executed within command substitution. */ +pid_t last_command_subst_pid = NO_PID; +pid_t current_command_subst_pid = NO_PID; + +/* Variables used to keep track of the characters in IFS. */ +SHELL_VAR *ifs_var; +char *ifs_value; +unsigned char ifs_cmap[UCHAR_MAX + 1]; + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +unsigned char ifs_firstc[MB_LEN_MAX]; +size_t ifs_firstc_len; +#else +unsigned char ifs_firstc; +#endif + +/* Sentinel to tell when we are performing variable assignments preceding a + command name and putting them into the environment. Used to make sure + we use the temporary environment when looking up variable values. */ +int assigning_in_environment; + +/* Used to hold a list of variable assignments preceding a command. Global + so the SIGCHLD handler in jobs.c can unwind-protect it when it runs a + SIGCHLD trap and so it can be saved and restored by the trap handlers. */ +WORD_LIST *subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + +/* Extern functions and variables from different files. */ +extern int last_command_exit_value, last_command_exit_signal; +extern int subshell_environment, line_number; +extern int subshell_level, parse_and_execute_level, sourcelevel; +extern int eof_encountered; +extern int return_catch_flag, return_catch_value; +extern pid_t dollar_dollar_pid; +extern int posixly_correct; +extern char *this_command_name; +extern struct fd_bitmap *current_fds_to_close; +extern int wordexp_only; +extern int expanding_redir; +extern int tempenv_assign_error; + +#if !defined (HAVE_WCSDUP) && defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +extern wchar_t *wcsdup __P((const wchar_t *)); +#endif + +/* Non-zero means to allow unmatched globbed filenames to expand to + a null file. */ +int allow_null_glob_expansion; + +/* Non-zero means to throw an error when globbing fails to match anything. */ +int fail_glob_expansion; + +#if 0 +/* Variables to keep track of which words in an expanded word list (the + output of expand_word_list_internal) are the result of globbing + expansions. GLOB_ARGV_FLAGS is used by execute_cmd.c. + (CURRENTLY UNUSED). */ +char *glob_argv_flags; +static int glob_argv_flags_size; +#endif + +static WORD_LIST expand_word_error, expand_word_fatal; +static WORD_DESC expand_wdesc_error, expand_wdesc_fatal; +static char expand_param_error, expand_param_fatal; +static char extract_string_error, extract_string_fatal; + +/* Tell the expansion functions to not longjmp back to top_level on fatal + errors. Enabled when doing completion and prompt string expansion. */ +static int no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 0; + +/* Set by expand_word_unsplit; used to inhibit splitting and re-joining + $* on $IFS, primarily when doing assignment statements. */ +static int expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0; + +/* A WORD_LIST of words to be expanded by expand_word_list_internal, + without any leading variable assignments. */ +static WORD_LIST *garglist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + +static char *quoted_substring __P((char *, int, int)); +static int quoted_strlen __P((char *)); +static char *quoted_strchr __P((char *, int, int)); + +static char *expand_string_if_necessary __P((char *, int, EXPFUNC *)); +static inline char *expand_string_to_string_internal __P((char *, int, EXPFUNC *)); +static WORD_LIST *call_expand_word_internal __P((WORD_DESC *, int, int, int *, int *)); +static WORD_LIST *expand_string_internal __P((char *, int)); +static WORD_LIST *expand_string_leave_quoted __P((char *, int)); +static WORD_LIST *expand_string_for_rhs __P((char *, int, int *, int *)); + +static WORD_LIST *list_quote_escapes __P((WORD_LIST *)); +static char *make_quoted_char __P((int)); +static WORD_LIST *quote_list __P((WORD_LIST *)); + +static int unquoted_substring __P((char *, char *)); +static int unquoted_member __P((int, char *)); + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) +static SHELL_VAR *do_compound_assignment __P((char *, char *, int)); +#endif +static int do_assignment_internal __P((const WORD_DESC *, int)); + +static char *string_extract_verbatim __P((char *, size_t, int *, char *, int)); +static char *string_extract __P((char *, int *, char *, int)); +static char *string_extract_double_quoted __P((char *, int *, int)); +static inline char *string_extract_single_quoted __P((char *, int *)); +static inline int skip_single_quoted __P((const char *, size_t, int)); +static int skip_double_quoted __P((char *, size_t, int)); +static char *extract_delimited_string __P((char *, int *, char *, char *, char *, int)); +static char *extract_dollar_brace_string __P((char *, int *, int, int)); +static int skip_matched_pair __P((const char *, int, int, int, int)); + +static char *pos_params __P((char *, int, int, int)); + +static unsigned char *mb_getcharlens __P((char *, int)); + +static char *remove_upattern __P((char *, char *, int)); +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +static wchar_t *remove_wpattern __P((wchar_t *, size_t, wchar_t *, int)); +#endif +static char *remove_pattern __P((char *, char *, int)); + +static int match_pattern_char __P((char *, char *)); +static int match_upattern __P((char *, char *, int, char **, char **)); +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +static int match_pattern_wchar __P((wchar_t *, wchar_t *)); +static int match_wpattern __P((wchar_t *, char **, size_t, wchar_t *, int, char **, char **)); +#endif +static int match_pattern __P((char *, char *, int, char **, char **)); +static int getpatspec __P((int, char *)); +static char *getpattern __P((char *, int, int)); +static char *variable_remove_pattern __P((char *, char *, int, int)); +static char *list_remove_pattern __P((WORD_LIST *, char *, int, int, int)); +static char *parameter_list_remove_pattern __P((int, char *, int, int)); +#ifdef ARRAY_VARS +static char *array_remove_pattern __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, int, char *, int)); +#endif +static char *parameter_brace_remove_pattern __P((char *, char *, char *, int, int)); + +static char *process_substitute __P((char *, int)); + +static char *read_comsub __P((int, int, int *)); + +#ifdef ARRAY_VARS +static arrayind_t array_length_reference __P((char *)); +#endif + +static int valid_brace_expansion_word __P((char *, int)); +static int chk_atstar __P((char *, int, int *, int *)); +static int chk_arithsub __P((const char *, int)); + +static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand_word __P((char *, int, int, int)); +static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand_indir __P((char *, int, int, int *, int *)); +static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand_rhs __P((char *, char *, int, int, int *, int *)); +static void parameter_brace_expand_error __P((char *, char *)); + +static int valid_length_expression __P((char *)); +static intmax_t parameter_brace_expand_length __P((char *)); + +static char *skiparith __P((char *, int)); +static int verify_substring_values __P((SHELL_VAR *, char *, char *, int, intmax_t *, intmax_t *)); +static int get_var_and_type __P((char *, char *, int, SHELL_VAR **, char **)); +static char *mb_substring __P((char *, int, int)); +static char *parameter_brace_substring __P((char *, char *, char *, int)); + +static char *pos_params_pat_subst __P((char *, char *, char *, int)); + +static char *parameter_brace_patsub __P((char *, char *, char *, int)); + +static char *pos_params_casemod __P((char *, char *, int, int)); +static char *parameter_brace_casemod __P((char *, char *, int, char *, int)); + +static WORD_DESC *parameter_brace_expand __P((char *, int *, int, int, int *, int *)); +static WORD_DESC *param_expand __P((char *, int *, int, int *, int *, int *, int *, int)); + +static WORD_LIST *expand_word_internal __P((WORD_DESC *, int, int, int *, int *)); + +static WORD_LIST *word_list_split __P((WORD_LIST *)); + +static void exp_jump_to_top_level __P((int)); + +static WORD_LIST *separate_out_assignments __P((WORD_LIST *)); +static WORD_LIST *glob_expand_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int)); +#ifdef BRACE_EXPANSION +static WORD_LIST *brace_expand_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int)); +#endif +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) +static int make_internal_declare __P((char *, char *)); +#endif +static WORD_LIST *shell_expand_word_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int)); +static WORD_LIST *expand_word_list_internal __P((WORD_LIST *, int)); + +/* **************************************************************** */ +/* */ +/* Utility Functions */ +/* */ +/* **************************************************************** */ + +#if defined (DEBUG) +void +dump_word_flags (flags) + int flags; +{ + int f; + + f = flags; + fprintf (stderr, "%d -> ", f); + if (f & W_ASSIGNASSOC) + { + f &= ~W_ASSIGNASSOC; + fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNASSOC%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_HASCTLESC) + { + f &= ~W_HASCTLESC; + fprintf (stderr, "W_HASCTLESC%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_NOPROCSUB) + { + f &= ~W_NOPROCSUB; + fprintf (stderr, "W_NOPROCSUB%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_DQUOTE) + { + f &= ~W_DQUOTE; + fprintf (stderr, "W_DQUOTE%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_HASQUOTEDNULL) + { + f &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + fprintf (stderr, "W_HASQUOTEDNULL%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_ASSIGNARG) + { + f &= ~W_ASSIGNARG; + fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNARG%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_ASSNBLTIN) + { + f &= ~W_ASSNBLTIN; + fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSNBLTIN%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_COMPASSIGN) + { + f &= ~W_COMPASSIGN; + fprintf (stderr, "W_COMPASSIGN%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_NOEXPAND) + { + f &= ~W_NOEXPAND; + fprintf (stderr, "W_NOEXPAND%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_ITILDE) + { + f &= ~W_ITILDE; + fprintf (stderr, "W_ITILDE%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_NOTILDE) + { + f &= ~W_NOTILDE; + fprintf (stderr, "W_NOTILDE%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_ASSIGNRHS) + { + f &= ~W_ASSIGNRHS; + fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNRHS%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_NOCOMSUB) + { + f &= ~W_NOCOMSUB; + fprintf (stderr, "W_NOCOMSUB%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_DOLLARSTAR) + { + f &= ~W_DOLLARSTAR; + fprintf (stderr, "W_DOLLARSTAR%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_DOLLARAT) + { + f &= ~W_DOLLARAT; + fprintf (stderr, "W_DOLLARAT%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_TILDEEXP) + { + f &= ~W_TILDEEXP; + fprintf (stderr, "W_TILDEEXP%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_NOSPLIT2) + { + f &= ~W_NOSPLIT2; + fprintf (stderr, "W_NOSPLIT2%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_NOGLOB) + { + f &= ~W_NOGLOB; + fprintf (stderr, "W_NOGLOB%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_NOSPLIT) + { + f &= ~W_NOSPLIT; + fprintf (stderr, "W_NOSPLIT%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_GLOBEXP) + { + f &= ~W_GLOBEXP; + fprintf (stderr, "W_GLOBEXP%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_ASSIGNMENT) + { + f &= ~W_ASSIGNMENT; + fprintf (stderr, "W_ASSIGNMENT%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_QUOTED) + { + f &= ~W_QUOTED; + fprintf (stderr, "W_QUOTED%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + if (f & W_HASDOLLAR) + { + f &= ~W_HASDOLLAR; + fprintf (stderr, "W_HASDOLLAR%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + fprintf (stderr, "\n"); + fflush (stderr); +} +#endif + +#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED +static char * +quoted_substring (string, start, end) + char *string; + int start, end; +{ + register int len, l; + register char *result, *s, *r; + + len = end - start; + + /* Move to string[start], skipping quoted characters. */ + for (s = string, l = 0; *s && l < start; ) + { + if (*s == CTLESC) + { + s++; + continue; + } + l++; + if (*s == 0) + break; + } + + r = result = (char *)xmalloc (2*len + 1); /* save room for quotes */ + + /* Copy LEN characters, including quote characters. */ + s = string + l; + for (l = 0; l < len; s++) + { + if (*s == CTLESC) + *r++ = *s++; + *r++ = *s; + l++; + if (*s == 0) + break; + } + *r = '\0'; + return result; +} +#endif + +#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED +/* Return the length of S, skipping over quoted characters */ +static int +quoted_strlen (s) + char *s; +{ + register char *p; + int i; + + i = 0; + for (p = s; *p; p++) + { + if (*p == CTLESC) + { + p++; + if (*p == 0) + return (i + 1); + } + i++; + } + + return i; +} +#endif + +/* Find the first occurrence of character C in string S, obeying shell + quoting rules. If (FLAGS & ST_BACKSL) is non-zero, backslash-escaped + characters are skipped. If (FLAGS & ST_CTLESC) is non-zero, characters + escaped with CTLESC are skipped. */ +static char * +quoted_strchr (s, c, flags) + char *s; + int c, flags; +{ + register char *p; + + for (p = s; *p; p++) + { + if (((flags & ST_BACKSL) && *p == '\\') + || ((flags & ST_CTLESC) && *p == CTLESC)) + { + p++; + if (*p == '\0') + return ((char *)NULL); + continue; + } + else if (*p == c) + return p; + } + return ((char *)NULL); +} + +/* Return 1 if CHARACTER appears in an unquoted portion of + STRING. Return 0 otherwise. CHARACTER must be a single-byte character. */ +static int +unquoted_member (character, string) + int character; + char *string; +{ + size_t slen; + int sindex, c; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slen = strlen (string); + sindex = 0; + while (c = string[sindex]) + { + if (c == character) + return (1); + + switch (c) + { + default: + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex); + break; + + case '\\': + sindex++; + if (string[sindex]) + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex); + break; + + case '\'': + sindex = skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex); + break; + + case '"': + sindex = skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex); + break; + } + } + return (0); +} + +/* Return 1 if SUBSTR appears in an unquoted portion of STRING. */ +static int +unquoted_substring (substr, string) + char *substr, *string; +{ + size_t slen; + int sindex, c, sublen; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + if (substr == 0 || *substr == '\0') + return (0); + + slen = strlen (string); + sublen = strlen (substr); + for (sindex = 0; c = string[sindex]; ) + { + if (STREQN (string + sindex, substr, sublen)) + return (1); + + switch (c) + { + case '\\': + sindex++; + + if (string[sindex]) + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex); + break; + + case '\'': + sindex = skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex); + break; + + case '"': + sindex = skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++sindex); + break; + + default: + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex); + break; + } + } + return (0); +} + +/* Most of the substitutions must be done in parallel. In order + to avoid using tons of unclear goto's, I have some functions + for manipulating malloc'ed strings. They all take INDX, a + pointer to an integer which is the offset into the string + where manipulation is taking place. They also take SIZE, a + pointer to an integer which is the current length of the + character array for this string. */ + +/* Append SOURCE to TARGET at INDEX. SIZE is the current amount + of space allocated to TARGET. SOURCE can be NULL, in which + case nothing happens. Gets rid of SOURCE by freeing it. + Returns TARGET in case the location has changed. */ +INLINE char * +sub_append_string (source, target, indx, size) + char *source, *target; + int *indx, *size; +{ + if (source) + { + int srclen, n; + + srclen = STRLEN (source); + if (srclen >= (int)(*size - *indx)) + { + n = srclen + *indx; + n = (n + DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE) - (n % DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE); + target = (char *)xrealloc (target, (*size = n)); + } + + FASTCOPY (source, target + *indx, srclen); + *indx += srclen; + target[*indx] = '\0'; + + free (source); + } + return (target); +} + +#if 0 +/* UNUSED */ +/* Append the textual representation of NUMBER to TARGET. + INDX and SIZE are as in SUB_APPEND_STRING. */ +char * +sub_append_number (number, target, indx, size) + intmax_t number; + int *indx, *size; + char *target; +{ + char *temp; + + temp = itos (number); + return (sub_append_string (temp, target, indx, size)); +} +#endif + +/* Extract a substring from STRING, starting at SINDEX and ending with + one of the characters in CHARLIST. Don't make the ending character + part of the string. Leave SINDEX pointing at the ending character. + Understand about backslashes in the string. If (flags & SX_VARNAME) + is non-zero, and array variables have been compiled into the shell, + everything between a `[' and a corresponding `]' is skipped over. + If (flags & SX_NOALLOC) is non-zero, don't return the substring, just + update SINDEX. If (flags & SX_REQMATCH) is non-zero, the string must + contain a closing character from CHARLIST. */ +static char * +string_extract (string, sindex, charlist, flags) + char *string; + int *sindex; + char *charlist; + int flags; +{ + register int c, i; + int found; + size_t slen; + char *temp; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 0; + i = *sindex; + found = 0; + while (c = string[i]) + { + if (c == '\\') + { + if (string[i + 1]) + i++; + else + break; + } +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + else if ((flags & SX_VARNAME) && c == '[') + { + int ni; + /* If this is an array subscript, skip over it and continue. */ + ni = skipsubscript (string, i, 0); + if (string[ni] == ']') + i = ni; + } +#endif + else if (MEMBER (c, charlist)) + { + found = 1; + break; + } + + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + } + + /* If we had to have a matching delimiter and didn't find one, return an + error and let the caller deal with it. */ + if ((flags & SX_REQMATCH) && found == 0) + { + *sindex = i; + return (&extract_string_error); + } + + temp = (flags & SX_NOALLOC) ? (char *)NULL : substring (string, *sindex, i); + *sindex = i; + + return (temp); +} + +/* Extract the contents of STRING as if it is enclosed in double quotes. + SINDEX, when passed in, is the offset of the character immediately + following the opening double quote; on exit, SINDEX is left pointing after + the closing double quote. If STRIPDQ is non-zero, unquoted double + quotes are stripped and the string is terminated by a null byte. + Backslashes between the embedded double quotes are processed. If STRIPDQ + is zero, an unquoted `"' terminates the string. */ +static char * +string_extract_double_quoted (string, sindex, stripdq) + char *string; + int *sindex, stripdq; +{ + size_t slen; + char *send; + int j, i, t; + unsigned char c; + char *temp, *ret; /* The new string we return. */ + int pass_next, backquote, si; /* State variables for the machine. */ + int dquote; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex; + send = string + slen; + + pass_next = backquote = dquote = 0; + temp = (char *)xmalloc (1 + slen - *sindex); + + j = 0; + i = *sindex; + while (c = string[i]) + { + /* Process a character that was quoted by a backslash. */ + if (pass_next) + { + /* Posix.2 sez: + + ``The backslash shall retain its special meaning as an escape + character only when followed by one of the characters: + $ ` " \ ''. + + If STRIPDQ is zero, we handle the double quotes here and let + expand_word_internal handle the rest. If STRIPDQ is non-zero, + we have already been through one round of backslash stripping, + and want to strip these backslashes only if DQUOTE is non-zero, + indicating that we are inside an embedded double-quoted string. */ + + /* If we are in an embedded quoted string, then don't strip + backslashes before characters for which the backslash + retains its special meaning, but remove backslashes in + front of other characters. If we are not in an + embedded quoted string, don't strip backslashes at all. + This mess is necessary because the string was already + surrounded by double quotes (and sh has some really weird + quoting rules). + The returned string will be run through expansion as if + it were double-quoted. */ + if ((stripdq == 0 && c != '"') || + (stripdq && ((dquote && (sh_syntaxtab[c] & CBSDQUOTE)) || dquote == 0))) + temp[j++] = '\\'; + pass_next = 0; + +add_one_character: + COPY_CHAR_I (temp, j, string, send, i); + continue; + } + + /* A backslash protects the next character. The code just above + handles preserving the backslash in front of any character but + a double quote. */ + if (c == '\\') + { + pass_next++; + i++; + continue; + } + + /* Inside backquotes, ``the portion of the quoted string from the + initial backquote and the characters up to the next backquote + that is not preceded by a backslash, having escape characters + removed, defines that command''. */ + if (backquote) + { + if (c == '`') + backquote = 0; + temp[j++] = c; + i++; + continue; + } + + if (c == '`') + { + temp[j++] = c; + backquote++; + i++; + continue; + } + + /* Pass everything between `$(' and the matching `)' or a quoted + ${ ... } pair through according to the Posix.2 specification. */ + if (c == '$' && ((string[i + 1] == LPAREN) || (string[i + 1] == LBRACE))) + { + int free_ret = 1; + + si = i + 2; + if (string[i + 1] == LPAREN) + ret = extract_command_subst (string, &si, 0); + else + ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 1, 0); + + temp[j++] = '$'; + temp[j++] = string[i + 1]; + + /* Just paranoia; ret will not be 0 unless no_longjmp_on_fatal_error + is set. */ + if (ret == 0 && no_longjmp_on_fatal_error) + { + free_ret = 0; + ret = string + i + 2; + } + + for (t = 0; ret[t]; t++, j++) + temp[j] = ret[t]; + temp[j] = string[si]; + + if (string[si]) + { + j++; + i = si + 1; + } + else + i = si; + + if (free_ret) + free (ret); + continue; + } + + /* Add any character but a double quote to the quoted string we're + accumulating. */ + if (c != '"') + goto add_one_character; + + /* c == '"' */ + if (stripdq) + { + dquote ^= 1; + i++; + continue; + } + + break; + } + temp[j] = '\0'; + + /* Point to after the closing quote. */ + if (c) + i++; + *sindex = i; + + return (temp); +} + +/* This should really be another option to string_extract_double_quoted. */ +static int +skip_double_quoted (string, slen, sind) + char *string; + size_t slen; + int sind; +{ + int c, i; + char *ret; + int pass_next, backquote, si; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + pass_next = backquote = 0; + i = sind; + while (c = string[i]) + { + if (pass_next) + { + pass_next = 0; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + else if (c == '\\') + { + pass_next++; + i++; + continue; + } + else if (backquote) + { + if (c == '`') + backquote = 0; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + else if (c == '`') + { + backquote++; + i++; + continue; + } + else if (c == '$' && ((string[i + 1] == LPAREN) || (string[i + 1] == LBRACE))) + { + si = i + 2; + if (string[i + 1] == LPAREN) + ret = extract_command_subst (string, &si, SX_NOALLOC); + else + ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 1, SX_NOALLOC); + + i = si + 1; + continue; + } + else if (c != '"') + { + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + else + break; + } + + if (c) + i++; + + return (i); +} + +/* Extract the contents of STRING as if it is enclosed in single quotes. + SINDEX, when passed in, is the offset of the character immediately + following the opening single quote; on exit, SINDEX is left pointing after + the closing single quote. */ +static inline char * +string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex) + char *string; + int *sindex; +{ + register int i; + size_t slen; + char *t; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + /* Don't need slen for ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */ + slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 0; + i = *sindex; + while (string[i] && string[i] != '\'') + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + + t = substring (string, *sindex, i); + + if (string[i]) + i++; + *sindex = i; + + return (t); +} + +static inline int +skip_single_quoted (string, slen, sind) + const char *string; + size_t slen; + int sind; +{ + register int c; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + c = sind; + while (string[c] && string[c] != '\'') + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, c); + + if (string[c]) + c++; + return c; +} + +/* Just like string_extract, but doesn't hack backslashes or any of + that other stuff. Obeys CTLESC quoting. Used to do splitting on $IFS. */ +static char * +string_extract_verbatim (string, slen, sindex, charlist, flags) + char *string; + size_t slen; + int *sindex; + char *charlist; + int flags; +{ + register int i; +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + size_t clen; + wchar_t *wcharlist; +#endif + int c; + char *temp; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + if (charlist[0] == '\'' && charlist[1] == '\0') + { + temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, sindex); + --*sindex; /* leave *sindex at separator character */ + return temp; + } + + i = *sindex; +#if 0 + /* See how the MBLEN and ADVANCE_CHAR macros work to understand why we need + this only if MB_CUR_MAX > 1. */ + slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex : 1; +#endif +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + clen = strlen (charlist); + wcharlist = 0; +#endif + while (c = string[i]) + { +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + size_t mblength; +#endif + if ((flags & SX_NOCTLESC) == 0 && c == CTLESC) + { + i += 2; + continue; + } + /* Even if flags contains SX_NOCTLESC, we let CTLESC quoting CTLNUL + through, to protect the CTLNULs from later calls to + remove_quoted_nulls. */ + else if ((flags & SX_NOESCCTLNUL) == 0 && c == CTLESC && string[i+1] == CTLNUL) + { + i += 2; + continue; + } + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + mblength = MBLEN (string + i, slen - i); + if (mblength > 1) + { + wchar_t wc; + mblength = mbtowc (&wc, string + i, slen - i); + if (MB_INVALIDCH (mblength)) + { + if (MEMBER (c, charlist)) + break; + } + else + { + if (wcharlist == 0) + { + size_t len; + len = mbstowcs (wcharlist, charlist, 0); + if (len == -1) + len = 0; + wcharlist = (wchar_t *)xmalloc (sizeof (wchar_t) * (len + 1)); + mbstowcs (wcharlist, charlist, len + 1); + } + + if (wcschr (wcharlist, wc)) + break; + } + } + else +#endif + if (MEMBER (c, charlist)) + break; + + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + } + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + FREE (wcharlist); +#endif + + temp = substring (string, *sindex, i); + *sindex = i; + + return (temp); +} + +/* Extract the $( construct in STRING, and return a new string. + Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$(". + Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching ")". ) + XFLAGS is additional flags to pass to other extraction functions. */ +char * +extract_command_subst (string, sindex, xflags) + char *string; + int *sindex; + int xflags; +{ + if (string[*sindex] == LPAREN) + return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, "$(", "(", ")", xflags|SX_COMMAND)); /*)*/ + else + { + xflags |= (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error ? SX_NOLONGJMP : 0); + return (xparse_dolparen (string, string+*sindex, sindex, xflags)); + } +} + +/* Extract the $[ construct in STRING, and return a new string. (]) + Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$[". + Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching "]". */ +char * +extract_arithmetic_subst (string, sindex) + char *string; + int *sindex; +{ + return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, "$[", "[", "]", 0)); /*]*/ +} + +#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) +/* Extract the <( or >( construct in STRING, and return a new string. + Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "<(". + Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching ")". */ /*))*/ +char * +extract_process_subst (string, starter, sindex) + char *string; + char *starter; + int *sindex; +{ + return (extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, starter, "(", ")", 0)); +} +#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) +/* This can be fooled by unquoted right parens in the passed string. If + each caller verifies that the last character in STRING is a right paren, + we don't even need to call extract_delimited_string. */ +char * +extract_array_assignment_list (string, sindex) + char *string; + int *sindex; +{ + int slen; + char *ret; + + slen = strlen (string); /* ( */ + if (string[slen - 1] == ')') + { + ret = substring (string, *sindex, slen - 1); + *sindex = slen - 1; + return ret; + } + return 0; +} +#endif + +/* Extract and create a new string from the contents of STRING, a + character string delimited with OPENER and CLOSER. SINDEX is + the address of an int describing the current offset in STRING; + it should point to just after the first OPENER found. On exit, + SINDEX gets the position of the last character of the matching CLOSER. + If OPENER is more than a single character, ALT_OPENER, if non-null, + contains a character string that can also match CLOSER and thus + needs to be skipped. */ +static char * +extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, opener, alt_opener, closer, flags) + char *string; + int *sindex; + char *opener, *alt_opener, *closer; + int flags; +{ + int i, c, si; + size_t slen; + char *t, *result; + int pass_character, nesting_level, in_comment; + int len_closer, len_opener, len_alt_opener; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex; + len_opener = STRLEN (opener); + len_alt_opener = STRLEN (alt_opener); + len_closer = STRLEN (closer); + + pass_character = in_comment = 0; + + nesting_level = 1; + i = *sindex; + + while (nesting_level) + { + c = string[i]; + + if (c == 0) + break; + + if (in_comment) + { + if (c == '\n') + in_comment = 0; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + + if (pass_character) /* previous char was backslash */ + { + pass_character = 0; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + + /* Not exactly right yet; should handle shell metacharacters and + multibyte characters, too. See COMMENT_BEGIN define in parse.y */ + if ((flags & SX_COMMAND) && c == '#' && (i == 0 || string[i - 1] == '\n' || shellblank (string[i - 1]))) + { + in_comment = 1; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + + if (c == CTLESC || c == '\\') + { + pass_character++; + i++; + continue; + } + + /* Process a nested OPENER. */ + if (STREQN (string + i, opener, len_opener)) + { + si = i + len_opener; + t = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, opener, alt_opener, closer, flags|SX_NOALLOC); + i = si + 1; + continue; + } + + /* Process a nested ALT_OPENER */ + if (len_alt_opener && STREQN (string + i, alt_opener, len_alt_opener)) + { + si = i + len_alt_opener; + t = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, alt_opener, alt_opener, closer, flags|SX_NOALLOC); + i = si + 1; + continue; + } + + /* If the current substring terminates the delimited string, decrement + the nesting level. */ + if (STREQN (string + i, closer, len_closer)) + { + i += len_closer - 1; /* move to last byte of the closer */ + nesting_level--; + if (nesting_level == 0) + break; + } + + /* Pass old-style command substitution through verbatim. */ + if (c == '`') + { + si = i + 1; + t = string_extract (string, &si, "`", flags|SX_NOALLOC); + i = si + 1; + continue; + } + + /* Pass single-quoted and double-quoted strings through verbatim. */ + if (c == '\'' || c == '"') + { + si = i + 1; + i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, si) + : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, si); + continue; + } + + /* move past this character, which was not special. */ + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + } + + if (c == 0 && nesting_level) + { + if (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error == 0) + { + report_error (_("bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"), closer, string); + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD); + } + else + { + *sindex = i; + return (char *)NULL; + } + } + + si = i - *sindex - len_closer + 1; + if (flags & SX_NOALLOC) + result = (char *)NULL; + else + { + result = (char *)xmalloc (1 + si); + strncpy (result, string + *sindex, si); + result[si] = '\0'; + } + *sindex = i; + + return (result); +} + +/* Extract a parameter expansion expression within ${ and } from STRING. + Obey the Posix.2 rules for finding the ending `}': count braces while + skipping over enclosed quoted strings and command substitutions. + SINDEX is the address of an int describing the current offset in STRING; + it should point to just after the first `{' found. On exit, SINDEX + gets the position of the matching `}'. QUOTED is non-zero if this + occurs inside double quotes. */ +/* XXX -- this is very similar to extract_delimited_string -- XXX */ +static char * +extract_dollar_brace_string (string, sindex, quoted, flags) + char *string; + int *sindex, quoted, flags; +{ + register int i, c; + size_t slen; + int pass_character, nesting_level, si; + char *result, *t; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + pass_character = 0; + nesting_level = 1; + slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex; + + i = *sindex; + while (c = string[i]) + { + if (pass_character) + { + pass_character = 0; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + + /* CTLESCs and backslashes quote the next character. */ + if (c == CTLESC || c == '\\') + { + pass_character++; + i++; + continue; + } + + if (string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LBRACE) + { + nesting_level++; + i += 2; + continue; + } + + if (c == RBRACE) + { + nesting_level--; + if (nesting_level == 0) + break; + i++; + continue; + } + + /* Pass the contents of old-style command substitutions through + verbatim. */ + if (c == '`') + { + si = i + 1; + t = string_extract (string, &si, "`", flags|SX_NOALLOC); + i = si + 1; + continue; + } + + /* Pass the contents of new-style command substitutions and + arithmetic substitutions through verbatim. */ + if (string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LPAREN) + { + si = i + 2; + t = extract_command_subst (string, &si, flags|SX_NOALLOC); + i = si + 1; + continue; + } + + /* Pass the contents of single-quoted and double-quoted strings + through verbatim. */ + if (c == '\'' || c == '"') + { + si = i + 1; + i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, si) + : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, si); + /* skip_XXX_quoted leaves index one past close quote */ + continue; + } + + /* move past this character, which was not special. */ + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + } + + if (c == 0 && nesting_level) + { + if (no_longjmp_on_fatal_error == 0) + { /* { */ + report_error (_("bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"), "}", string); + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD); + } + else + { + *sindex = i; + return ((char *)NULL); + } + } + + result = (flags & SX_NOALLOC) ? (char *)NULL : substring (string, *sindex, i); + *sindex = i; + + return (result); +} + +/* Remove backslashes which are quoting backquotes from STRING. Modifies + STRING, and returns a pointer to it. */ +char * +de_backslash (string) + char *string; +{ + register size_t slen; + register int i, j, prev_i; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slen = strlen (string); + i = j = 0; + + /* Loop copying string[i] to string[j], i >= j. */ + while (i < slen) + { + if (string[i] == '\\' && (string[i + 1] == '`' || string[i + 1] == '\\' || + string[i + 1] == '$')) + i++; + prev_i = i; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + if (j < prev_i) + do string[j++] = string[prev_i++]; while (prev_i < i); + else + j = i; + } + string[j] = '\0'; + + return (string); +} + +#if 0 +/*UNUSED*/ +/* Replace instances of \! in a string with !. */ +void +unquote_bang (string) + char *string; +{ + register int i, j; + register char *temp; + + temp = (char *)xmalloc (1 + strlen (string)); + + for (i = 0, j = 0; (temp[j] = string[i]); i++, j++) + { + if (string[i] == '\\' && string[i + 1] == '!') + { + temp[j] = '!'; + i++; + } + } + strcpy (string, temp); + free (temp); +} +#endif + +#define CQ_RETURN(x) do { no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 0; return (x); } while (0) + +/* This function assumes s[i] == open; returns with s[ret] == close; used to + parse array subscripts. FLAGS & 1 means to not attempt to skip over + matched pairs of quotes or backquotes, or skip word expansions; it is + intended to be used after expansion has been performed and during final + assignment parsing (see arrayfunc.c:assign_compound_array_list()). */ +static int +skip_matched_pair (string, start, open, close, flags) + const char *string; + int start, open, close, flags; +{ + int i, pass_next, backq, si, c, count; + size_t slen; + char *temp, *ss; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slen = strlen (string + start) + start; + no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1; + + i = start + 1; /* skip over leading bracket */ + count = 1; + pass_next = backq = 0; + ss = (char *)string; + while (c = string[i]) + { + if (pass_next) + { + pass_next = 0; + if (c == 0) + CQ_RETURN(i); + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + else if (c == '\\') + { + pass_next = 1; + i++; + continue; + } + else if (backq) + { + if (c == '`') + backq = 0; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + else if ((flags & 1) == 0 && c == '`') + { + backq = 1; + i++; + continue; + } + else if ((flags & 1) == 0 && c == open) + { + count++; + i++; + continue; + } + else if (c == close) + { + count--; + if (count == 0) + break; + i++; + continue; + } + else if ((flags & 1) == 0 && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) + { + i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (ss, slen, ++i) + : skip_double_quoted (ss, slen, ++i); + /* no increment, the skip functions increment past the closing quote. */ + } + else if ((flags&1) == 0 && c == '$' && (string[i+1] == LPAREN || string[i+1] == LBRACE)) + { + si = i + 2; + if (string[si] == '\0') + CQ_RETURN(si); + + if (string[i+1] == LPAREN) + temp = extract_delimited_string (ss, &si, "$(", "(", ")", SX_NOALLOC|SX_COMMAND); /* ) */ + else + temp = extract_dollar_brace_string (ss, &si, 0, SX_NOALLOC); + i = si; + if (string[i] == '\0') /* don't increment i past EOS in loop */ + break; + i++; + continue; + } + else + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + } + + CQ_RETURN(i); +} + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) +int +skipsubscript (string, start, flags) + const char *string; + int start, flags; +{ + return (skip_matched_pair (string, start, '[', ']', flags)); +} +#endif + +/* Skip characters in STRING until we find a character in DELIMS, and return + the index of that character. START is the index into string at which we + begin. This is similar in spirit to strpbrk, but it returns an index into + STRING and takes a starting index. This little piece of code knows quite + a lot of shell syntax. It's very similar to skip_double_quoted and other + functions of that ilk. */ +int +skip_to_delim (string, start, delims, flags) + char *string; + int start; + char *delims; + int flags; +{ + int i, pass_next, backq, si, c, invert, skipquote, skipcmd; + size_t slen; + char *temp; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slen = strlen (string + start) + start; + if (flags & SD_NOJMP) + no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1; + invert = (flags & SD_INVERT); + skipcmd = (flags & SD_NOSKIPCMD) == 0; + + i = start; + pass_next = backq = 0; + while (c = string[i]) + { + /* If this is non-zero, we should not let quote characters be delimiters + and the current character is a single or double quote. We should not + test whether or not it's a delimiter until after we skip single- or + double-quoted strings. */ + skipquote = ((flags & SD_NOQUOTEDELIM) && (c == '\'' || c =='"')); + if (pass_next) + { + pass_next = 0; + if (c == 0) + CQ_RETURN(i); + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + else if (c == '\\') + { + pass_next = 1; + i++; + continue; + } + else if (backq) + { + if (c == '`') + backq = 0; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + else if (c == '`') + { + backq = 1; + i++; + continue; + } + else if (skipquote == 0 && invert == 0 && member (c, delims)) + break; + else if (c == '\'' || c == '"') + { + i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++i) + : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++i); + /* no increment, the skip functions increment past the closing quote. */ + } + else if (c == '$' && ((skipcmd && string[i+1] == LPAREN) || string[i+1] == LBRACE)) + { + si = i + 2; + if (string[si] == '\0') + CQ_RETURN(si); + + if (string[i+1] == LPAREN) + temp = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, "$(", "(", ")", SX_NOALLOC|SX_COMMAND); /* ) */ + else + temp = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 0, SX_NOALLOC); + i = si; + if (string[i] == '\0') /* don't increment i past EOS in loop */ + break; + i++; + continue; + } +#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) + else if (skipcmd && (c == '<' || c == '>') && string[i+1] == LPAREN) + { + si = i + 2; + if (string[si] == '\0') + CQ_RETURN(si); + temp = extract_process_subst (string, (c == '<') ? "<(" : ">(", &si); + i = si; + if (string[i] == '\0') + break; + i++; + continue; + } +#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ + else if ((skipquote || invert) && (member (c, delims) == 0)) + break; + else + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + } + + CQ_RETURN(i); +} + +#if defined (READLINE) +/* Return 1 if the portion of STRING ending at EINDEX is quoted (there is + an unclosed quoted string), or if the character at EINDEX is quoted + by a backslash. NO_LONGJMP_ON_FATAL_ERROR is used to flag that the various + single and double-quoted string parsing functions should not return an + error if there are unclosed quotes or braces. The characters that this + recognizes need to be the same as the contents of + rl_completer_quote_characters. */ + +int +char_is_quoted (string, eindex) + char *string; + int eindex; +{ + int i, pass_next, c; + size_t slen; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slen = strlen (string); + no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1; + i = pass_next = 0; + while (i <= eindex) + { + c = string[i]; + + if (pass_next) + { + pass_next = 0; + if (i >= eindex) /* XXX was if (i >= eindex - 1) */ + CQ_RETURN(1); + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + else if (c == '\\') + { + pass_next = 1; + i++; + continue; + } + else if (c == '\'' || c == '"') + { + i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++i) + : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++i); + if (i > eindex) + CQ_RETURN(1); + /* no increment, the skip_xxx functions go one past end */ + } + else + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + } + + CQ_RETURN(0); +} + +int +unclosed_pair (string, eindex, openstr) + char *string; + int eindex; + char *openstr; +{ + int i, pass_next, openc, olen; + size_t slen; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slen = strlen (string); + olen = strlen (openstr); + i = pass_next = openc = 0; + while (i <= eindex) + { + if (pass_next) + { + pass_next = 0; + if (i >= eindex) /* XXX was if (i >= eindex - 1) */ + return 0; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + continue; + } + else if (string[i] == '\\') + { + pass_next = 1; + i++; + continue; + } + else if (STREQN (string + i, openstr, olen)) + { + openc = 1 - openc; + i += olen; + } + else if (string[i] == '\'' || string[i] == '"') + { + i = (string[i] == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, i) + : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, i); + if (i > eindex) + return 0; + } + else + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + } + return (openc); +} + +/* Split STRING (length SLEN) at DELIMS, and return a WORD_LIST with the + individual words. If DELIMS is NULL, the current value of $IFS is used + to split the string, and the function follows the shell field splitting + rules. SENTINEL is an index to look for. NWP, if non-NULL, + gets the number of words in the returned list. CWP, if non-NULL, gets + the index of the word containing SENTINEL. Non-whitespace chars in + DELIMS delimit separate fields. */ +WORD_LIST * +split_at_delims (string, slen, delims, sentinel, flags, nwp, cwp) + char *string; + int slen; + char *delims; + int sentinel, flags; + int *nwp, *cwp; +{ + int ts, te, i, nw, cw, ifs_split, dflags; + char *token, *d, *d2; + WORD_LIST *ret, *tl; + + if (string == 0 || *string == '\0') + { + if (nwp) + *nwp = 0; + if (cwp) + *cwp = 0; + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + } + + d = (delims == 0) ? ifs_value : delims; + ifs_split = delims == 0; + + /* Make d2 the non-whitespace characters in delims */ + d2 = 0; + if (delims) + { + size_t slength; +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + size_t mblength = 1; +#endif + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slength = strlen (delims); + d2 = (char *)xmalloc (slength + 1); + i = ts = 0; + while (delims[i]) + { +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + mbstate_t state_bak; + state_bak = state; + mblength = MBRLEN (delims + i, slength, &state); + if (MB_INVALIDCH (mblength)) + state = state_bak; + else if (mblength > 1) + { + memcpy (d2 + ts, delims + i, mblength); + ts += mblength; + i += mblength; + slength -= mblength; + continue; + } +#endif + if (whitespace (delims[i]) == 0) + d2[ts++] = delims[i]; + + i++; + slength--; + } + d2[ts] = '\0'; + } + + ret = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + + /* Remove sequences of whitespace characters at the start of the string, as + long as those characters are delimiters. */ + for (i = 0; member (string[i], d) && spctabnl (string[i]); i++) + ; + if (string[i] == '\0') + return (ret); + + ts = i; + nw = 0; + cw = -1; + dflags = flags|SD_NOJMP; + while (1) + { + te = skip_to_delim (string, ts, d, dflags); + + /* If we have a non-whitespace delimiter character, use it to make a + separate field. This is just about what $IFS splitting does and + is closer to the behavior of the shell parser. */ + if (ts == te && d2 && member (string[ts], d2)) + { + te = ts + 1; + /* If we're using IFS splitting, the non-whitespace delimiter char + and any additional IFS whitespace delimits a field. */ + if (ifs_split) + while (member (string[te], d) && spctabnl (string[te])) + te++; + else + while (member (string[te], d2)) + te++; + } + + token = substring (string, ts, te); + + ret = add_string_to_list (token, ret); + free (token); + nw++; + + if (sentinel >= ts && sentinel <= te) + cw = nw; + + /* If the cursor is at whitespace just before word start, set the + sentinel word to the current word. */ + if (cwp && cw == -1 && sentinel == ts-1) + cw = nw; + + /* If the cursor is at whitespace between two words, make a new, empty + word, add it before (well, after, since the list is in reverse order) + the word we just added, and set the current word to that one. */ + if (cwp && cw == -1 && sentinel < ts) + { + tl = make_word_list (make_word (""), ret->next); + ret->next = tl; + cw = nw; + nw++; + } + + if (string[te] == 0) + break; + + i = te; + while (member (string[i], d) && (ifs_split || spctabnl(string[i]))) + i++; + + if (string[i]) + ts = i; + else + break; + } + + /* Special case for SENTINEL at the end of STRING. If we haven't found + the word containing SENTINEL yet, and the index we're looking for is at + the end of STRING (or past the end of the previously-found token, + possible if the end of the line is composed solely of IFS whitespace) + add an additional null argument and set the current word pointer to that. */ + if (cwp && cw == -1 && (sentinel >= slen || sentinel >= te)) + { + if (whitespace (string[sentinel - 1])) + { + token = ""; + ret = add_string_to_list (token, ret); + nw++; + } + cw = nw; + } + + if (nwp) + *nwp = nw; + if (cwp) + *cwp = cw; + + return (REVERSE_LIST (ret, WORD_LIST *)); +} +#endif /* READLINE */ + +#if 0 +/* UNUSED */ +/* Extract the name of the variable to bind to from the assignment string. */ +char * +assignment_name (string) + char *string; +{ + int offset; + char *temp; + + offset = assignment (string, 0); + if (offset == 0) + return (char *)NULL; + temp = substring (string, 0, offset); + return (temp); +} +#endif + +/* **************************************************************** */ +/* */ +/* Functions to convert strings to WORD_LISTs and vice versa */ +/* */ +/* **************************************************************** */ + +/* Return a single string of all the words in LIST. SEP is the separator + to put between individual elements of LIST in the output string. */ +char * +string_list_internal (list, sep) + WORD_LIST *list; + char *sep; +{ + register WORD_LIST *t; + char *result, *r; + int word_len, sep_len, result_size; + + if (list == 0) + return ((char *)NULL); + + /* Short-circuit quickly if we don't need to separate anything. */ + if (list->next == 0) + return (savestring (list->word->word)); + + /* This is nearly always called with either sep[0] == 0 or sep[1] == 0. */ + sep_len = STRLEN (sep); + result_size = 0; + + for (t = list; t; t = t->next) + { + if (t != list) + result_size += sep_len; + result_size += strlen (t->word->word); + } + + r = result = (char *)xmalloc (result_size + 1); + + for (t = list; t; t = t->next) + { + if (t != list && sep_len) + { + if (sep_len > 1) + { + FASTCOPY (sep, r, sep_len); + r += sep_len; + } + else + *r++ = sep[0]; + } + + word_len = strlen (t->word->word); + FASTCOPY (t->word->word, r, word_len); + r += word_len; + } + + *r = '\0'; + return (result); +} + +/* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, separating + each word with a space. */ +char * +string_list (list) + WORD_LIST *list; +{ + return (string_list_internal (list, " ")); +} + +/* An external interface that can be used by the rest of the shell to + obtain a string containing the first character in $IFS. Handles all + the multibyte complications. If LENP is non-null, it is set to the + length of the returned string. */ +char * +ifs_firstchar (lenp) + int *lenp; +{ + char *ret; + int len; + + ret = xmalloc (MB_LEN_MAX + 1); +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + if (ifs_firstc_len == 1) + { + ret[0] = ifs_firstc[0]; + ret[1] = '\0'; + len = ret[0] ? 1 : 0; + } + else + { + memcpy (ret, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len); + ret[len = ifs_firstc_len] = '\0'; + } +#else + ret[0] = ifs_firstc; + ret[1] = '\0'; + len = ret[0] ? 0 : 1; +#endif + + if (lenp) + *lenp = len; + + return ret; +} + +/* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, obeying the + quoting rules for "$*", to wit: (P1003.2, draft 11, 3.5.2) "If the + expansion [of $*] appears within a double quoted string, it expands + to a single field with the value of each parameter separated by the + first character of the IFS variable, or by a if IFS is unset." */ +char * +string_list_dollar_star (list) + WORD_LIST *list; +{ + char *ret; +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +# if defined (__GNUC__) + char sep[MB_CUR_MAX + 1]; +# else + char *sep = 0; +# endif +#else + char sep[2]; +#endif + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +# if !defined (__GNUC__) + sep = (char *)xmalloc (MB_CUR_MAX + 1); +# endif /* !__GNUC__ */ + if (ifs_firstc_len == 1) + { + sep[0] = ifs_firstc[0]; + sep[1] = '\0'; + } + else + { + memcpy (sep, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len); + sep[ifs_firstc_len] = '\0'; + } +#else + sep[0] = ifs_firstc; + sep[1] = '\0'; +#endif + + ret = string_list_internal (list, sep); +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) && !defined (__GNUC__) + free (sep); +#endif + return ret; +} + +/* Turn $@ into a string. If (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) + is non-zero, the $@ appears within double quotes, and we should quote + the list before converting it into a string. If IFS is unset, and the + word is not quoted, we just need to quote CTLESC and CTLNUL characters + in the words in the list, because the default value of $IFS is + , IFS characters in the words in the list should + also be split. If IFS is null, and the word is not quoted, we need + to quote the words in the list to preserve the positional parameters + exactly. */ +char * +string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted) + WORD_LIST *list; + int quoted; +{ + char *ifs, *ret; +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +# if defined (__GNUC__) + char sep[MB_CUR_MAX + 1]; +# else + char *sep = 0; +# endif /* !__GNUC__ */ +#else + char sep[2]; +#endif + WORD_LIST *tlist; + + /* XXX this could just be ifs = ifs_value; */ + ifs = ifs_var ? value_cell (ifs_var) : (char *)0; + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +# if !defined (__GNUC__) + sep = (char *)xmalloc (MB_CUR_MAX + 1); +# endif /* !__GNUC__ */ + if (ifs && *ifs) + { + if (ifs_firstc_len == 1) + { + sep[0] = ifs_firstc[0]; + sep[1] = '\0'; + } + else + { + memcpy (sep, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len); + sep[ifs_firstc_len] = '\0'; + } + } + else + { + sep[0] = ' '; + sep[1] = '\0'; + } +#else + sep[0] = (ifs == 0 || *ifs == 0) ? ' ' : *ifs; + sep[1] = '\0'; +#endif + + /* XXX -- why call quote_list if ifs == 0? we can get away without doing + it now that quote_escapes quotes spaces */ +#if 0 + tlist = ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || (ifs && *ifs == 0)) +#else + tlist = (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_PATQUOTE)) +#endif + ? quote_list (list) + : list_quote_escapes (list); + + ret = string_list_internal (tlist, sep); +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) && !defined (__GNUC__) + free (sep); +#endif + return ret; +} + +/* Turn the positional paramters into a string, understanding quoting and + the various subtleties of using the first character of $IFS as the + separator. Calls string_list_dollar_at, string_list_dollar_star, and + string_list as appropriate. */ +char * +string_list_pos_params (pchar, list, quoted) + int pchar; + WORD_LIST *list; + int quoted; +{ + char *ret; + WORD_LIST *tlist; + + if (pchar == '*' && (quoted & Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) + { + tlist = quote_list (list); + word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (tlist); + ret = string_list_dollar_star (tlist); + } + else if (pchar == '*' && (quoted & Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) + { + tlist = quote_list (list); + word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (tlist); + ret = string_list (tlist); + } + else if (pchar == '*') + { + /* Even when unquoted, string_list_dollar_star does the right thing + making sure that the first character of $IFS is used as the + separator. */ + ret = string_list_dollar_star (list); + } + else if (pchar == '@' && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))) + /* We use string_list_dollar_at, but only if the string is quoted, since + that quotes the escapes if it's not, which we don't want. We could + use string_list (the old code did), but that doesn't do the right + thing if the first character of $IFS is not a space. We use + string_list_dollar_star if the string is unquoted so we make sure that + the elements of $@ are separated by the first character of $IFS for + later splitting. */ + ret = string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted); + else if (pchar == '@') + ret = string_list_dollar_star (list); + else + ret = string_list ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) ? quote_list (list) : list); + + return ret; +} + +/* Return the list of words present in STRING. Separate the string into + words at any of the characters found in SEPARATORS. If QUOTED is + non-zero then word in the list will have its quoted flag set, otherwise + the quoted flag is left as make_word () deemed fit. + + This obeys the P1003.2 word splitting semantics. If `separators' is + exactly , then the splitting algorithm is that of + the Bourne shell, which treats any sequence of characters from `separators' + as a delimiter. If IFS is unset, which results in `separators' being set + to "", no splitting occurs. If separators has some other value, the + following rules are applied (`IFS white space' means zero or more + occurrences of , , or , as long as those characters + are in `separators'): + + 1) IFS white space is ignored at the start and the end of the + string. + 2) Each occurrence of a character in `separators' that is not + IFS white space, along with any adjacent occurrences of + IFS white space delimits a field. + 3) Any nonzero-length sequence of IFS white space delimits a field. + */ + +/* BEWARE! list_string strips null arguments. Don't call it twice and + expect to have "" preserved! */ + +/* This performs word splitting and quoted null character removal on + STRING. */ +#define issep(c) \ + (((separators)[0]) ? ((separators)[1] ? isifs(c) \ + : (c) == (separators)[0]) \ + : 0) + +WORD_LIST * +list_string (string, separators, quoted) + register char *string, *separators; + int quoted; +{ + WORD_LIST *result; + WORD_DESC *t; + char *current_word, *s; + int sindex, sh_style_split, whitesep, xflags; + size_t slen; + + if (!string || !*string) + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + + sh_style_split = separators && separators[0] == ' ' && + separators[1] == '\t' && + separators[2] == '\n' && + separators[3] == '\0'; + for (xflags = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++) + { + if (*s == CTLESC) xflags |= SX_NOCTLESC; + else if (*s == CTLNUL) xflags |= SX_NOESCCTLNUL; + } + + slen = 0; + /* Remove sequences of whitespace at the beginning of STRING, as + long as those characters appear in IFS. Do not do this if + STRING is quoted or if there are no separator characters. */ + if (!quoted || !separators || !*separators) + { + for (s = string; *s && spctabnl (*s) && issep (*s); s++); + + if (!*s) + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + + string = s; + } + + /* OK, now STRING points to a word that does not begin with white space. + The splitting algorithm is: + extract a word, stopping at a separator + skip sequences of spc, tab, or nl as long as they are separators + This obeys the field splitting rules in Posix.2. */ + slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 1; + for (result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL, sindex = 0; string[sindex]; ) + { + /* Don't need string length in ADVANCE_CHAR or string_extract_verbatim + unless multibyte chars are possible. */ + current_word = string_extract_verbatim (string, slen, &sindex, separators, xflags); + if (current_word == 0) + break; + + /* If we have a quoted empty string, add a quoted null argument. We + want to preserve the quoted null character iff this is a quoted + empty string; otherwise the quoted null characters are removed + below. */ + if (QUOTED_NULL (current_word)) + { + t = alloc_word_desc (); + t->word = make_quoted_char ('\0'); + t->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + result = make_word_list (t, result); + } + else if (current_word[0] != '\0') + { + /* If we have something, then add it regardless. However, + perform quoted null character removal on the current word. */ + remove_quoted_nulls (current_word); + result = add_string_to_list (current_word, result); + result->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL; /* just to be sure */ + if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) + result->word->flags |= W_QUOTED; + } + + /* If we're not doing sequences of separators in the traditional + Bourne shell style, then add a quoted null argument. */ + else if (!sh_style_split && !spctabnl (string[sindex])) + { + t = alloc_word_desc (); + t->word = make_quoted_char ('\0'); + t->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + result = make_word_list (t, result); + } + + free (current_word); + + /* Note whether or not the separator is IFS whitespace, used later. */ + whitesep = string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]); + + /* Move past the current separator character. */ + if (string[sindex]) + { + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, sindex); + } + + /* Now skip sequences of space, tab, or newline characters if they are + in the list of separators. */ + while (string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]) && issep (string[sindex])) + sindex++; + + /* If the first separator was IFS whitespace and the current character + is a non-whitespace IFS character, it should be part of the current + field delimiter, not a separate delimiter that would result in an + empty field. Look at POSIX.2, 3.6.5, (3)(b). */ + if (string[sindex] && whitesep && issep (string[sindex]) && !spctabnl (string[sindex])) + { + sindex++; + /* An IFS character that is not IFS white space, along with any + adjacent IFS white space, shall delimit a field. (SUSv3) */ + while (string[sindex] && spctabnl (string[sindex]) && isifs (string[sindex])) + sindex++; + } + } + return (REVERSE_LIST (result, WORD_LIST *)); +} + +/* Parse a single word from STRING, using SEPARATORS to separate fields. + ENDPTR is set to the first character after the word. This is used by + the `read' builtin. This is never called with SEPARATORS != $IFS; + it should be simplified. + + XXX - this function is very similar to list_string; they should be + combined - XXX */ +char * +get_word_from_string (stringp, separators, endptr) + char **stringp, *separators, **endptr; +{ + register char *s; + char *current_word; + int sindex, sh_style_split, whitesep, xflags; + size_t slen; + + if (!stringp || !*stringp || !**stringp) + return ((char *)NULL); + + sh_style_split = separators && separators[0] == ' ' && + separators[1] == '\t' && + separators[2] == '\n' && + separators[3] == '\0'; + for (xflags = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++) + { + if (*s == CTLESC) xflags |= SX_NOCTLESC; + if (*s == CTLNUL) xflags |= SX_NOESCCTLNUL; + } + + s = *stringp; + slen = 0; + + /* Remove sequences of whitespace at the beginning of STRING, as + long as those characters appear in IFS. */ + if (sh_style_split || !separators || !*separators) + { + for (; *s && spctabnl (*s) && isifs (*s); s++); + + /* If the string is nothing but whitespace, update it and return. */ + if (!*s) + { + *stringp = s; + if (endptr) + *endptr = s; + return ((char *)NULL); + } + } + + /* OK, S points to a word that does not begin with white space. + Now extract a word, stopping at a separator, save a pointer to + the first character after the word, then skip sequences of spc, + tab, or nl as long as they are separators. + + This obeys the field splitting rules in Posix.2. */ + sindex = 0; + /* Don't need string length in ADVANCE_CHAR or string_extract_verbatim + unless multibyte chars are possible. */ + slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (s) : 1; + current_word = string_extract_verbatim (s, slen, &sindex, separators, xflags); + + /* Set ENDPTR to the first character after the end of the word. */ + if (endptr) + *endptr = s + sindex; + + /* Note whether or not the separator is IFS whitespace, used later. */ + whitesep = s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]); + + /* Move past the current separator character. */ + if (s[sindex]) + { + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + ADVANCE_CHAR (s, slen, sindex); + } + + /* Now skip sequences of space, tab, or newline characters if they are + in the list of separators. */ + while (s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]) && isifs (s[sindex])) + sindex++; + + /* If the first separator was IFS whitespace and the current character is + a non-whitespace IFS character, it should be part of the current field + delimiter, not a separate delimiter that would result in an empty field. + Look at POSIX.2, 3.6.5, (3)(b). */ + if (s[sindex] && whitesep && isifs (s[sindex]) && !spctabnl (s[sindex])) + { + sindex++; + /* An IFS character that is not IFS white space, along with any adjacent + IFS white space, shall delimit a field. */ + while (s[sindex] && spctabnl (s[sindex]) && isifs (s[sindex])) + sindex++; + } + + /* Update STRING to point to the next field. */ + *stringp = s + sindex; + return (current_word); +} + +/* Remove IFS white space at the end of STRING. Start at the end + of the string and walk backwards until the beginning of the string + or we find a character that's not IFS white space and not CTLESC. + Only let CTLESC escape a white space character if SAW_ESCAPE is + non-zero. */ +char * +strip_trailing_ifs_whitespace (string, separators, saw_escape) + char *string, *separators; + int saw_escape; +{ + char *s; + + s = string + STRLEN (string) - 1; + while (s > string && ((spctabnl (*s) && isifs (*s)) || + (saw_escape && *s == CTLESC && spctabnl (s[1])))) + s--; + *++s = '\0'; + return string; +} + +#if 0 +/* UNUSED */ +/* Split STRING into words at whitespace. Obeys shell-style quoting with + backslashes, single and double quotes. */ +WORD_LIST * +list_string_with_quotes (string) + char *string; +{ + WORD_LIST *list; + char *token, *s; + size_t s_len; + int c, i, tokstart, len; + + for (s = string; s && *s && spctabnl (*s); s++) + ; + if (s == 0 || *s == 0) + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + + s_len = strlen (s); + tokstart = i = 0; + list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + while (1) + { + c = s[i]; + if (c == '\\') + { + i++; + if (s[i]) + i++; + } + else if (c == '\'') + i = skip_single_quoted (s, s_len, ++i); + else if (c == '"') + i = skip_double_quoted (s, s_len, ++i); + else if (c == 0 || spctabnl (c)) + { + /* We have found the end of a token. Make a word out of it and + add it to the word list. */ + token = substring (s, tokstart, i); + list = add_string_to_list (token, list); + free (token); + while (spctabnl (s[i])) + i++; + if (s[i]) + tokstart = i; + else + break; + } + else + i++; /* normal character */ + } + return (REVERSE_LIST (list, WORD_LIST *)); +} +#endif + +/********************************************************/ +/* */ +/* Functions to perform assignment statements */ +/* */ +/********************************************************/ + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) +static SHELL_VAR * +do_compound_assignment (name, value, flags) + char *name, *value; + int flags; +{ + SHELL_VAR *v; + int mklocal, mkassoc; + WORD_LIST *list; + + mklocal = flags & ASS_MKLOCAL; + mkassoc = flags & ASS_MKASSOC; + + if (mklocal && variable_context) + { + v = find_variable (name); + list = expand_compound_array_assignment (v, value, flags); + if (mkassoc) + v = make_local_assoc_variable (name); + else if (v == 0 || (array_p (v) == 0 && assoc_p (v) == 0) || v->context != variable_context) + v = make_local_array_variable (name); + assign_compound_array_list (v, list, flags); + } + else + v = assign_array_from_string (name, value, flags); + + return (v); +} +#endif + +/* Given STRING, an assignment string, get the value of the right side + of the `=', and bind it to the left side. If EXPAND is true, then + perform parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + expansion on the right-hand side. Perform tilde expansion in any + case. Do not perform word splitting on the result of expansion. */ +static int +do_assignment_internal (word, expand) + const WORD_DESC *word; + int expand; +{ + int offset, tlen, appendop, assign_list, aflags, retval; + char *name, *value; + SHELL_VAR *entry; +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + char *t; + int ni; +#endif + const char *string; + + if (word == 0 || word->word == 0) + return 0; + + appendop = assign_list = aflags = 0; + string = word->word; + offset = assignment (string, 0); + name = savestring (string); + value = (char *)NULL; + + if (name[offset] == '=') + { + char *temp; + + if (name[offset - 1] == '+') + { + appendop = 1; + name[offset - 1] = '\0'; + } + + name[offset] = 0; /* might need this set later */ + temp = name + offset + 1; + tlen = STRLEN (temp); + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + if (expand && (word->flags & W_COMPASSIGN)) + { + assign_list = ni = 1; + value = extract_array_assignment_list (temp, &ni); + } + else +#endif + if (expand && temp[0]) + value = expand_string_if_necessary (temp, 0, expand_string_assignment); + else + value = savestring (temp); + } + + if (value == 0) + { + value = (char *)xmalloc (1); + value[0] = '\0'; + } + + if (echo_command_at_execute) + { + if (appendop) + name[offset - 1] = '+'; + xtrace_print_assignment (name, value, assign_list, 1); + if (appendop) + name[offset - 1] = '\0'; + } + +#define ASSIGN_RETURN(r) do { FREE (value); free (name); return (r); } while (0) + + if (appendop) + aflags |= ASS_APPEND; + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + if (t = mbschr (name, '[')) /*]*/ + { + if (assign_list) + { + report_error (_("%s: cannot assign list to array member"), name); + ASSIGN_RETURN (0); + } + entry = assign_array_element (name, value, aflags); + if (entry == 0) + ASSIGN_RETURN (0); + } + else if (assign_list) + { + if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNARG) + aflags |= ASS_MKLOCAL; + if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNASSOC) + aflags |= ASS_MKASSOC; + entry = do_compound_assignment (name, value, aflags); + } + else +#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */ + entry = bind_variable (name, value, aflags); + + stupidly_hack_special_variables (name); + +#if 1 + /* Return 1 if the assignment seems to have been performed correctly. */ + if (entry == 0 || readonly_p (entry)) + retval = 0; /* assignment failure */ + else if (noassign_p (entry)) + { + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + retval = 1; /* error status, but not assignment failure */ + } + else + retval = 1; + + if (entry && retval != 0 && noassign_p (entry) == 0) + VUNSETATTR (entry, att_invisible); + + ASSIGN_RETURN (retval); +#else + if (entry) + VUNSETATTR (entry, att_invisible); + + ASSIGN_RETURN (entry ? ((readonly_p (entry) == 0) && noassign_p (entry) == 0) : 0); +#endif +} + +/* Perform the assignment statement in STRING, and expand the + right side by doing tilde, command and parameter expansion. */ +int +do_assignment (string) + char *string; +{ + WORD_DESC td; + + td.flags = W_ASSIGNMENT; + td.word = string; + + return do_assignment_internal (&td, 1); +} + +int +do_word_assignment (word) + WORD_DESC *word; +{ + return do_assignment_internal (word, 1); +} + +/* Given STRING, an assignment string, get the value of the right side + of the `=', and bind it to the left side. Do not perform any word + expansions on the right hand side. */ +int +do_assignment_no_expand (string) + char *string; +{ + WORD_DESC td; + + td.flags = W_ASSIGNMENT; + td.word = string; + + return (do_assignment_internal (&td, 0)); +} + +/*************************************************** + * * + * Functions to manage the positional parameters * + * * + ***************************************************/ + +/* Return the word list that corresponds to `$*'. */ +WORD_LIST * +list_rest_of_args () +{ + register WORD_LIST *list, *args; + int i; + + /* Break out of the loop as soon as one of the dollar variables is null. */ + for (i = 1, list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; i < 10 && dollar_vars[i]; i++) + list = make_word_list (make_bare_word (dollar_vars[i]), list); + + for (args = rest_of_args; args; args = args->next) + list = make_word_list (make_bare_word (args->word->word), list); + + return (REVERSE_LIST (list, WORD_LIST *)); +} + +int +number_of_args () +{ + register WORD_LIST *list; + int n; + + for (n = 0; n < 9 && dollar_vars[n+1]; n++) + ; + for (list = rest_of_args; list; list = list->next) + n++; + return n; +} + +/* Return the value of a positional parameter. This handles values > 10. */ +char * +get_dollar_var_value (ind) + intmax_t ind; +{ + char *temp; + WORD_LIST *p; + + if (ind < 10) + temp = dollar_vars[ind] ? savestring (dollar_vars[ind]) : (char *)NULL; + else /* We want something like ${11} */ + { + ind -= 10; + for (p = rest_of_args; p && ind--; p = p->next) + ; + temp = p ? savestring (p->word->word) : (char *)NULL; + } + return (temp); +} + +/* Make a single large string out of the dollar digit variables, + and the rest_of_args. If DOLLAR_STAR is 1, then obey the special + case of "$*" with respect to IFS. */ +char * +string_rest_of_args (dollar_star) + int dollar_star; +{ + register WORD_LIST *list; + char *string; + + list = list_rest_of_args (); + string = dollar_star ? string_list_dollar_star (list) : string_list (list); + dispose_words (list); + return (string); +} + +/* Return a string containing the positional parameters from START to + END, inclusive. If STRING[0] == '*', we obey the rules for $*, + which only makes a difference if QUOTED is non-zero. If QUOTED includes + Q_HERE_DOCUMENT or Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, this returns a quoted list, otherwise + no quoting chars are added. */ +static char * +pos_params (string, start, end, quoted) + char *string; + int start, end, quoted; +{ + WORD_LIST *save, *params, *h, *t; + char *ret; + int i; + + /* see if we can short-circuit. if start == end, we want 0 parameters. */ + if (start == end) + return ((char *)NULL); + + save = params = list_rest_of_args (); + if (save == 0) + return ((char *)NULL); + + if (start == 0) /* handle ${@:0[:x]} specially */ + { + t = make_word_list (make_word (dollar_vars[0]), params); + save = params = t; + } + + for (i = start ? 1 : 0; params && i < start; i++) + params = params->next; + if (params == 0) + return ((char *)NULL); + for (h = t = params; params && i < end; i++) + { + t = params; + params = params->next; + } + + t->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + + ret = string_list_pos_params (string[0], h, quoted); + + if (t != params) + t->next = params; + + dispose_words (save); + return (ret); +} + +/******************************************************************/ +/* */ +/* Functions to expand strings to strings or WORD_LISTs */ +/* */ +/******************************************************************/ + +#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) +#define EXP_CHAR(s) (s == '$' || s == '`' || s == '<' || s == '>' || s == CTLESC || s == '~') +#else +#define EXP_CHAR(s) (s == '$' || s == '`' || s == CTLESC || s == '~') +#endif + +/* If there are any characters in STRING that require full expansion, + then call FUNC to expand STRING; otherwise just perform quote + removal if necessary. This returns a new string. */ +static char * +expand_string_if_necessary (string, quoted, func) + char *string; + int quoted; + EXPFUNC *func; +{ + WORD_LIST *list; + size_t slen; + int i, saw_quote; + char *ret; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + /* Don't need string length for ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */ + slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 0; + i = saw_quote = 0; + while (string[i]) + { + if (EXP_CHAR (string[i])) + break; + else if (string[i] == '\'' || string[i] == '\\' || string[i] == '"') + saw_quote = 1; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + } + + if (string[i]) + { + list = (*func) (string, quoted); + if (list) + { + ret = string_list (list); + dispose_words (list); + } + else + ret = (char *)NULL; + } + else if (saw_quote && ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) == 0)) + ret = string_quote_removal (string, quoted); + else + ret = savestring (string); + + return ret; +} + +static inline char * +expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, func) + char *string; + int quoted; + EXPFUNC *func; +{ + WORD_LIST *list; + char *ret; + + if (string == 0 || *string == '\0') + return ((char *)NULL); + + list = (*func) (string, quoted); + if (list) + { + ret = string_list (list); + dispose_words (list); + } + else + ret = (char *)NULL; + + return (ret); +} + +char * +expand_string_to_string (string, quoted) + char *string; + int quoted; +{ + return (expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, expand_string)); +} + +char * +expand_string_unsplit_to_string (string, quoted) + char *string; + int quoted; +{ + return (expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, expand_string_unsplit)); +} + +char * +expand_assignment_string_to_string (string, quoted) + char *string; + int quoted; +{ + return (expand_string_to_string_internal (string, quoted, expand_string_assignment)); +} + +char * +expand_arith_string (string, quoted) + char *string; + int quoted; +{ + return (expand_string_if_necessary (string, quoted, expand_string)); +} + +#if defined (COND_COMMAND) +/* Just remove backslashes in STRING. Returns a new string. */ +char * +remove_backslashes (string) + char *string; +{ + char *r, *ret, *s; + + r = ret = (char *)xmalloc (strlen (string) + 1); + for (s = string; s && *s; ) + { + if (*s == '\\') + s++; + if (*s == 0) + break; + *r++ = *s++; + } + *r = '\0'; + return ret; +} + +/* This needs better error handling. */ +/* Expand W for use as an argument to a unary or binary operator in a + [[...]] expression. If SPECIAL is 1, this is the rhs argument + to the != or == operator, and should be treated as a pattern. In + this case, we quote the string specially for the globbing code. If + SPECIAL is 2, this is an rhs argument for the =~ operator, and should + be quoted appropriately for regcomp/regexec. The caller is responsible + for removing the backslashes if the unquoted word is needed later. */ +char * +cond_expand_word (w, special) + WORD_DESC *w; + int special; +{ + char *r, *p; + WORD_LIST *l; + int qflags; + + if (w->word == 0 || w->word[0] == '\0') + return ((char *)NULL); + + w->flags |= W_NOSPLIT2; + l = call_expand_word_internal (w, 0, 0, (int *)0, (int *)0); + if (l) + { + if (special == 0) + { + dequote_list (l); + r = string_list (l); + } + else + { + qflags = QGLOB_CVTNULL; + if (special == 2) + qflags |= QGLOB_REGEXP; + p = string_list (l); + r = quote_string_for_globbing (p, qflags); + free (p); + } + dispose_words (l); + } + else + r = (char *)NULL; + + return r; +} +#endif + +/* Call expand_word_internal to expand W and handle error returns. + A convenience function for functions that don't want to handle + any errors or free any memory before aborting. */ +static WORD_LIST * +call_expand_word_internal (w, q, i, c, e) + WORD_DESC *w; + int q, i, *c, *e; +{ + WORD_LIST *result; + + result = expand_word_internal (w, q, i, c, e); + if (result == &expand_word_error || result == &expand_word_fatal) + { + /* By convention, each time this error is returned, w->word has + already been freed (it sometimes may not be in the fatal case, + but that doesn't result in a memory leak because we're going + to exit in most cases). */ + w->word = (char *)NULL; + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + exp_jump_to_top_level ((result == &expand_word_error) ? DISCARD : FORCE_EOF); + /* NOTREACHED */ + } + else + return (result); +} + +/* Perform parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + expansion on STRING, as if it were a word. Leave the result quoted. */ +static WORD_LIST * +expand_string_internal (string, quoted) + char *string; + int quoted; +{ + WORD_DESC td; + WORD_LIST *tresult; + + if (string == 0 || *string == 0) + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + + td.flags = 0; + td.word = savestring (string); + + tresult = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL); + + FREE (td.word); + return (tresult); +} + +/* Expand STRING by performing parameter expansion, command substitution, + and arithmetic expansion. Dequote the resulting WORD_LIST before + returning it, but do not perform word splitting. The call to + remove_quoted_nulls () is in here because word splitting normally + takes care of quote removal. */ +WORD_LIST * +expand_string_unsplit (string, quoted) + char *string; + int quoted; +{ + WORD_LIST *value; + + if (string == 0 || *string == '\0') + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + + expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1; + value = expand_string_internal (string, quoted); + expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0; + + if (value) + { + if (value->word) + { + remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word); + value->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + } + dequote_list (value); + } + return (value); +} + +/* Expand the rhs of an assignment statement */ +WORD_LIST * +expand_string_assignment (string, quoted) + char *string; + int quoted; +{ + WORD_DESC td; + WORD_LIST *value; + + if (string == 0 || *string == '\0') + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + + expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1; + + td.flags = W_ASSIGNRHS; + td.word = savestring (string); + value = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL); + FREE (td.word); + + expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0; + + if (value) + { + if (value->word) + { + remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word); + value->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + } + dequote_list (value); + } + return (value); +} + + +/* Expand one of the PS? prompt strings. This is a sort of combination of + expand_string_unsplit and expand_string_internal, but returns the + passed string when an error occurs. Might want to trap other calls + to jump_to_top_level here so we don't endlessly loop. */ +WORD_LIST * +expand_prompt_string (string, quoted, wflags) + char *string; + int quoted; + int wflags; +{ + WORD_LIST *value; + WORD_DESC td; + + if (string == 0 || *string == 0) + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + + td.flags = wflags; + td.word = savestring (string); + + no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1; + value = expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL); + no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 0; + + if (value == &expand_word_error || value == &expand_word_fatal) + { + value = make_word_list (make_bare_word (string), (WORD_LIST *)NULL); + return value; + } + FREE (td.word); + if (value) + { + if (value->word) + { + remove_quoted_nulls (value->word->word); + value->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + } + dequote_list (value); + } + return (value); +} + +/* Expand STRING just as if you were expanding a word, but do not dequote + the resultant WORD_LIST. This is called only from within this file, + and is used to correctly preserve quoted characters when expanding + things like ${1+"$@"}. This does parameter expansion, command + substitution, arithmetic expansion, and word splitting. */ +static WORD_LIST * +expand_string_leave_quoted (string, quoted) + char *string; + int quoted; +{ + WORD_LIST *tlist; + WORD_LIST *tresult; + + if (string == 0 || *string == '\0') + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + + tlist = expand_string_internal (string, quoted); + + if (tlist) + { + tresult = word_list_split (tlist); + dispose_words (tlist); + return (tresult); + } + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); +} + +/* This does not perform word splitting or dequote the WORD_LIST + it returns. */ +static WORD_LIST * +expand_string_for_rhs (string, quoted, dollar_at_p, has_dollar_at) + char *string; + int quoted, *dollar_at_p, *has_dollar_at; +{ + WORD_DESC td; + WORD_LIST *tresult; + + if (string == 0 || *string == '\0') + return (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + + td.flags = 0; + td.word = string; + tresult = call_expand_word_internal (&td, quoted, 1, dollar_at_p, has_dollar_at); + return (tresult); +} + +/* Expand STRING just as if you were expanding a word. This also returns + a list of words. Note that filename globbing is *NOT* done for word + or string expansion, just when the shell is expanding a command. This + does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, + and word splitting. Dequote the resultant WORD_LIST before returning. */ +WORD_LIST * +expand_string (string, quoted) + char *string; + int quoted; +{ + WORD_LIST *result; + + if (string == 0 || *string == '\0') + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + + result = expand_string_leave_quoted (string, quoted); + return (result ? dequote_list (result) : result); +} + +/*************************************************** + * * + * Functions to handle quoting chars * + * * + ***************************************************/ + +/* Conventions: + + A string with s[0] == CTLNUL && s[1] == 0 is a quoted null string. + The parser passes CTLNUL as CTLESC CTLNUL. */ + +/* Quote escape characters in string s, but no other characters. This is + used to protect CTLESC and CTLNUL in variable values from the rest of + the word expansion process after the variable is expanded (word splitting + and filename generation). If IFS is null, we quote spaces as well, just + in case we split on spaces later (in the case of unquoted $@, we will + eventually attempt to split the entire word on spaces). Corresponding + code exists in dequote_escapes. Even if we don't end up splitting on + spaces, quoting spaces is not a problem. This should never be called on + a string that is quoted with single or double quotes or part of a here + document (effectively double-quoted). */ +char * +quote_escapes (string) + char *string; +{ + register char *s, *t; + size_t slen; + char *result, *send; + int quote_spaces, skip_ctlesc, skip_ctlnul; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slen = strlen (string); + send = string + slen; + + quote_spaces = (ifs_value && *ifs_value == 0); + + for (skip_ctlesc = skip_ctlnul = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++) + skip_ctlesc |= *s == CTLESC, skip_ctlnul |= *s == CTLNUL; + + t = result = (char *)xmalloc ((slen * 2) + 1); + s = string; + + while (*s) + { + if ((skip_ctlesc == 0 && *s == CTLESC) || (skip_ctlnul == 0 && *s == CTLNUL) || (quote_spaces && *s == ' ')) + *t++ = CTLESC; + COPY_CHAR_P (t, s, send); + } + *t = '\0'; + return (result); +} + +static WORD_LIST * +list_quote_escapes (list) + WORD_LIST *list; +{ + register WORD_LIST *w; + char *t; + + for (w = list; w; w = w->next) + { + t = w->word->word; + w->word->word = quote_escapes (t); + free (t); + } + return list; +} + +/* Inverse of quote_escapes; remove CTLESC protecting CTLESC or CTLNUL. + + The parser passes us CTLESC as CTLESC CTLESC and CTLNUL as CTLESC CTLNUL. + This is necessary to make unquoted CTLESC and CTLNUL characters in the + data stream pass through properly. + + We need to remove doubled CTLESC characters inside quoted strings before + quoting the entire string, so we do not double the number of CTLESC + characters. + + Also used by parts of the pattern substitution code. */ +char * +dequote_escapes (string) + char *string; +{ + register char *s, *t, *s1; + size_t slen; + char *result, *send; + int quote_spaces; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + if (string == 0) + return string; + + slen = strlen (string); + send = string + slen; + + t = result = (char *)xmalloc (slen + 1); + + if (strchr (string, CTLESC) == 0) + return (strcpy (result, string)); + + quote_spaces = (ifs_value && *ifs_value == 0); + + s = string; + while (*s) + { + if (*s == CTLESC && (s[1] == CTLESC || s[1] == CTLNUL || (quote_spaces && s[1] == ' '))) + { + s++; + if (*s == '\0') + break; + } + COPY_CHAR_P (t, s, send); + } + *t = '\0'; + return result; +} + +/* Return a new string with the quoted representation of character C. + This turns "" into QUOTED_NULL, so the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag needs to be + set in any resultant WORD_DESC where this value is the word. */ +static char * +make_quoted_char (c) + int c; +{ + char *temp; + + temp = (char *)xmalloc (3); + if (c == 0) + { + temp[0] = CTLNUL; + temp[1] = '\0'; + } + else + { + temp[0] = CTLESC; + temp[1] = c; + temp[2] = '\0'; + } + return (temp); +} + +/* Quote STRING, returning a new string. This turns "" into QUOTED_NULL, so + the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag needs to be set in any resultant WORD_DESC where + this value is the word. */ +char * +quote_string (string) + char *string; +{ + register char *t; + size_t slen; + char *result, *send; + + if (*string == 0) + { + result = (char *)xmalloc (2); + result[0] = CTLNUL; + result[1] = '\0'; + } + else + { + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slen = strlen (string); + send = string + slen; + + result = (char *)xmalloc ((slen * 2) + 1); + + for (t = result; string < send; ) + { + *t++ = CTLESC; + COPY_CHAR_P (t, string, send); + } + *t = '\0'; + } + return (result); +} + +/* De-quote quoted characters in STRING. */ +char * +dequote_string (string) + char *string; +{ + register char *s, *t; + size_t slen; + char *result, *send; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + slen = strlen (string); + + t = result = (char *)xmalloc (slen + 1); + + if (QUOTED_NULL (string)) + { + result[0] = '\0'; + return (result); + } + + /* If no character in the string can be quoted, don't bother examining + each character. Just return a copy of the string passed to us. */ + if (strchr (string, CTLESC) == NULL) + return (strcpy (result, string)); + + send = string + slen; + s = string; + while (*s) + { + if (*s == CTLESC) + { + s++; + if (*s == '\0') + break; + } + COPY_CHAR_P (t, s, send); + } + + *t = '\0'; + return (result); +} + +/* Quote the entire WORD_LIST list. */ +static WORD_LIST * +quote_list (list) + WORD_LIST *list; +{ + register WORD_LIST *w; + char *t; + + for (w = list; w; w = w->next) + { + t = w->word->word; + w->word->word = quote_string (t); + if (*t == 0) + w->word->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; /* XXX - turn on W_HASQUOTEDNULL here? */ + w->word->flags |= W_QUOTED; + free (t); + } + return list; +} + +/* De-quote quoted characters in each word in LIST. */ +WORD_LIST * +dequote_list (list) + WORD_LIST *list; +{ + register char *s; + register WORD_LIST *tlist; + + for (tlist = list; tlist; tlist = tlist->next) + { + s = dequote_string (tlist->word->word); + if (QUOTED_NULL (tlist->word->word)) + tlist->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + free (tlist->word->word); + tlist->word->word = s; + } + return list; +} + +/* Remove CTLESC protecting a CTLESC or CTLNUL in place. Return the passed + string. */ +char * +remove_quoted_escapes (string) + char *string; +{ + char *t; + + if (string) + { + t = dequote_escapes (string); + strcpy (string, t); + free (t); + } + + return (string); +} + +/* Perform quoted null character removal on STRING. We don't allow any + quoted null characters in the middle or at the ends of strings because + of how expand_word_internal works. remove_quoted_nulls () turns + STRING into an empty string iff it only consists of a quoted null, + and removes all unquoted CTLNUL characters. */ +char * +remove_quoted_nulls (string) + char *string; +{ + register size_t slen; + register int i, j, prev_i; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + if (strchr (string, CTLNUL) == 0) /* XXX */ + return string; /* XXX */ + + slen = strlen (string); + i = j = 0; + + while (i < slen) + { + if (string[i] == CTLESC) + { + /* Old code had j++, but we cannot assume that i == j at this + point -- what if a CTLNUL has already been removed from the + string? We don't want to drop the CTLESC or recopy characters + that we've already copied down. */ + i++; string[j++] = CTLESC; + if (i == slen) + break; + } + else if (string[i] == CTLNUL) + i++; + + prev_i = i; + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i); + if (j < prev_i) + { + do string[j++] = string[prev_i++]; while (prev_i < i); + } + else + j = i; + } + string[j] = '\0'; + + return (string); +} + +/* Perform quoted null character removal on each element of LIST. + This modifies LIST. */ +void +word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (list) + WORD_LIST *list; +{ + register WORD_LIST *t; + + for (t = list; t; t = t->next) + { + remove_quoted_nulls (t->word->word); + t->word->flags &= ~W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + } +} + +/* **************************************************************** */ +/* */ +/* Functions for Matching and Removing Patterns */ +/* */ +/* **************************************************************** */ + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +#if 0 /* Currently unused */ +static unsigned char * +mb_getcharlens (string, len) + char *string; + int len; +{ + int i, offset, last; + unsigned char *ret; + char *p; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + i = offset = 0; + last = 0; + ret = (unsigned char *)xmalloc (len); + memset (ret, 0, len); + while (string[last]) + { + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, len, offset); + ret[last] = offset - last; + last = offset; + } + return ret; +} +#endif +#endif + +/* Remove the portion of PARAM matched by PATTERN according to OP, where OP + can have one of 4 values: + RP_LONG_LEFT remove longest matching portion at start of PARAM + RP_SHORT_LEFT remove shortest matching portion at start of PARAM + RP_LONG_RIGHT remove longest matching portion at end of PARAM + RP_SHORT_RIGHT remove shortest matching portion at end of PARAM +*/ + +#define RP_LONG_LEFT 1 +#define RP_SHORT_LEFT 2 +#define RP_LONG_RIGHT 3 +#define RP_SHORT_RIGHT 4 + +static char * +remove_upattern (param, pattern, op) + char *param, *pattern; + int op; +{ + register int len; + register char *end; + register char *p, *ret, c; + + len = STRLEN (param); + end = param + len; + + switch (op) + { + case RP_LONG_LEFT: /* remove longest match at start */ + for (p = end; p >= param; p--) + { + c = *p; *p = '\0'; + if (strmatch (pattern, param, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH) + { + *p = c; + return (savestring (p)); + } + *p = c; + + } + break; + + case RP_SHORT_LEFT: /* remove shortest match at start */ + for (p = param; p <= end; p++) + { + c = *p; *p = '\0'; + if (strmatch (pattern, param, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH) + { + *p = c; + return (savestring (p)); + } + *p = c; + } + break; + + case RP_LONG_RIGHT: /* remove longest match at end */ + for (p = param; p <= end; p++) + { + if (strmatch (pattern, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH) + { + c = *p; *p = '\0'; + ret = savestring (param); + *p = c; + return (ret); + } + } + break; + + case RP_SHORT_RIGHT: /* remove shortest match at end */ + for (p = end; p >= param; p--) + { + if (strmatch (pattern, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH) + { + c = *p; *p = '\0'; + ret = savestring (param); + *p = c; + return (ret); + } + } + break; + } + + return (savestring (param)); /* no match, return original string */ +} + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +static wchar_t * +remove_wpattern (wparam, wstrlen, wpattern, op) + wchar_t *wparam; + size_t wstrlen; + wchar_t *wpattern; + int op; +{ + wchar_t wc, *ret; + int n; + + switch (op) + { + case RP_LONG_LEFT: /* remove longest match at start */ + for (n = wstrlen; n >= 0; n--) + { + wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0'; + if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH) + { + wparam[n] = wc; + return (wcsdup (wparam + n)); + } + wparam[n] = wc; + } + break; + + case RP_SHORT_LEFT: /* remove shortest match at start */ + for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++) + { + wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0'; + if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH) + { + wparam[n] = wc; + return (wcsdup (wparam + n)); + } + wparam[n] = wc; + } + break; + + case RP_LONG_RIGHT: /* remove longest match at end */ + for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++) + { + if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH) + { + wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0'; + ret = wcsdup (wparam); + wparam[n] = wc; + return (ret); + } + } + break; + + case RP_SHORT_RIGHT: /* remove shortest match at end */ + for (n = wstrlen; n >= 0; n--) + { + if (wcsmatch (wpattern, wparam + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH) + { + wc = wparam[n]; wparam[n] = L'\0'; + ret = wcsdup (wparam); + wparam[n] = wc; + return (ret); + } + } + break; + } + + return (wcsdup (wparam)); /* no match, return original string */ +} +#endif /* HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */ + +static char * +remove_pattern (param, pattern, op) + char *param, *pattern; + int op; +{ + if (param == NULL) + return (param); + if (*param == '\0' || pattern == NULL || *pattern == '\0') /* minor optimization */ + return (savestring (param)); + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) + { + wchar_t *ret, *oret; + size_t n; + wchar_t *wparam, *wpattern; + mbstate_t ps; + char *xret; + + n = xdupmbstowcs (&wpattern, NULL, pattern); + if (n == (size_t)-1) + return (remove_upattern (param, pattern, op)); + n = xdupmbstowcs (&wparam, NULL, param); + if (n == (size_t)-1) + { + free (wpattern); + return (remove_upattern (param, pattern, op)); + } + oret = ret = remove_wpattern (wparam, n, wpattern, op); + + free (wparam); + free (wpattern); + + n = strlen (param); + xret = (char *)xmalloc (n + 1); + memset (&ps, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t)); + n = wcsrtombs (xret, (const wchar_t **)&ret, n, &ps); + xret[n] = '\0'; /* just to make sure */ + free (oret); + return xret; + } + else +#endif + return (remove_upattern (param, pattern, op)); +} + +/* Return 1 of the first character of STRING could match the first + character of pattern PAT. Used to avoid n2 calls to strmatch(). */ +static int +match_pattern_char (pat, string) + char *pat, *string; +{ + char c; + + if (*string == 0) + return (0); + + switch (c = *pat++) + { + default: + return (*string == c); + case '\\': + return (*string == *pat); + case '?': + return (*pat == LPAREN ? 1 : (*string != '\0')); + case '*': + return (1); + case '+': + case '!': + case '@': + return (*pat == LPAREN ? 1 : (*string == c)); + case '[': + return (*string != '\0'); + } +} + +/* Match PAT anywhere in STRING and return the match boundaries. + This returns 1 in case of a successful match, 0 otherwise. SP + and EP are pointers into the string where the match begins and + ends, respectively. MTYPE controls what kind of match is attempted. + MATCH_BEG and MATCH_END anchor the match at the beginning and end + of the string, respectively. The longest match is returned. */ +static int +match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep) + char *string, *pat; + int mtype; + char **sp, **ep; +{ + int c, len; + register char *p, *p1, *npat; + char *end; + + /* If the pattern doesn't match anywhere in the string, go ahead and + short-circuit right away. A minor optimization, saves a bunch of + unnecessary calls to strmatch (up to N calls for a string of N + characters) if the match is unsuccessful. To preserve the semantics + of the substring matches below, we make sure that the pattern has + `*' as first and last character, making a new pattern if necessary. */ + /* XXX - check this later if I ever implement `**' with special meaning, + since this will potentially result in `**' at the beginning or end */ + len = STRLEN (pat); + if (pat[0] != '*' || (pat[0] == '*' && pat[1] == LPAREN && extended_glob) || pat[len - 1] != '*') + { + p = npat = (char *)xmalloc (len + 3); + p1 = pat; + if (*p1 != '*' || (*p1 == '*' && p1[1] == LPAREN && extended_glob)) + *p++ = '*'; + while (*p1) + *p++ = *p1++; + if (p1[-1] != '*' || p[-2] == '\\') + *p++ = '*'; + *p = '\0'; + } + else + npat = pat; + c = strmatch (npat, string, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG); + if (npat != pat) + free (npat); + if (c == FNM_NOMATCH) + return (0); + + len = STRLEN (string); + end = string + len; + + switch (mtype) + { + case MATCH_ANY: + for (p = string; p <= end; p++) + { + if (match_pattern_char (pat, p)) + { + for (p1 = end; p1 >= p; p1--) + { + c = *p1; *p1 = '\0'; + if (strmatch (pat, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0) + { + *p1 = c; + *sp = p; + *ep = p1; + return 1; + } + *p1 = c; + } + } + } + + return (0); + + case MATCH_BEG: + if (match_pattern_char (pat, string) == 0) + return (0); + + for (p = end; p >= string; p--) + { + c = *p; *p = '\0'; + if (strmatch (pat, string, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0) + { + *p = c; + *sp = string; + *ep = p; + return 1; + } + *p = c; + } + + return (0); + + case MATCH_END: + for (p = string; p <= end; p++) + { + if (strmatch (pat, p, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0) + { + *sp = p; + *ep = end; + return 1; + } + + } + + return (0); + } + + return (0); +} + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +/* Return 1 of the first character of WSTRING could match the first + character of pattern WPAT. Wide character version. */ +static int +match_pattern_wchar (wpat, wstring) + wchar_t *wpat, *wstring; +{ + wchar_t wc; + + if (*wstring == 0) + return (0); + + switch (wc = *wpat++) + { + default: + return (*wstring == wc); + case L'\\': + return (*wstring == *wpat); + case L'?': + return (*wpat == LPAREN ? 1 : (*wstring != L'\0')); + case L'*': + return (1); + case L'+': + case L'!': + case L'@': + return (*wpat == LPAREN ? 1 : (*wstring == wc)); + case L'[': + return (*wstring != L'\0'); + } +} + +/* Match WPAT anywhere in WSTRING and return the match boundaries. + This returns 1 in case of a successful match, 0 otherwise. Wide + character version. */ +static int +match_wpattern (wstring, indices, wstrlen, wpat, mtype, sp, ep) + wchar_t *wstring; + char **indices; + size_t wstrlen; + wchar_t *wpat; + int mtype; + char **sp, **ep; +{ + wchar_t wc, *wp, *nwpat, *wp1; + int len; +#if 0 + size_t n, n1; /* Apple's gcc seems to miscompile this badly */ +#else + int n, n1; +#endif + + /* If the pattern doesn't match anywhere in the string, go ahead and + short-circuit right away. A minor optimization, saves a bunch of + unnecessary calls to strmatch (up to N calls for a string of N + characters) if the match is unsuccessful. To preserve the semantics + of the substring matches below, we make sure that the pattern has + `*' as first and last character, making a new pattern if necessary. */ + /* XXX - check this later if I ever implement `**' with special meaning, + since this will potentially result in `**' at the beginning or end */ + len = wcslen (wpat); + if (wpat[0] != L'*' || (wpat[0] == L'*' && wpat[1] == WLPAREN && extended_glob) || wpat[len - 1] != L'*') + { + wp = nwpat = (wchar_t *)xmalloc ((len + 3) * sizeof (wchar_t)); + wp1 = wpat; + if (*wp1 != L'*' || (*wp1 == '*' && wp1[1] == WLPAREN && extended_glob)) + *wp++ = L'*'; + while (*wp1 != L'\0') + *wp++ = *wp1++; + if (wp1[-1] != L'*' || wp1[-2] == L'\\') + *wp++ = L'*'; + *wp = '\0'; + } + else + nwpat = wpat; + len = wcsmatch (nwpat, wstring, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG); + if (nwpat != wpat) + free (nwpat); + if (len == FNM_NOMATCH) + return (0); + + switch (mtype) + { + case MATCH_ANY: + for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++) + { + if (match_pattern_wchar (wpat, wstring + n)) + { + for (n1 = wstrlen; n1 >= n; n1--) + { + wc = wstring[n1]; wstring[n1] = L'\0'; + if (wcsmatch (wpat, wstring + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0) + { + wstring[n1] = wc; + *sp = indices[n]; + *ep = indices[n1]; + return 1; + } + wstring[n1] = wc; + } + } + } + + return (0); + + case MATCH_BEG: + if (match_pattern_wchar (wpat, wstring) == 0) + return (0); + + for (n = wstrlen; n >= 0; n--) + { + wc = wstring[n]; wstring[n] = L'\0'; + if (wcsmatch (wpat, wstring, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0) + { + wstring[n] = wc; + *sp = indices[0]; + *ep = indices[n]; + return 1; + } + wstring[n] = wc; + } + + return (0); + + case MATCH_END: + for (n = 0; n <= wstrlen; n++) + { + if (wcsmatch (wpat, wstring + n, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) == 0) + { + *sp = indices[n]; + *ep = indices[wstrlen]; + return 1; + } + } + + return (0); + } + + return (0); +} +#endif /* HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */ + +static int +match_pattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep) + char *string, *pat; + int mtype; + char **sp, **ep; +{ +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + int ret; + size_t n; + wchar_t *wstring, *wpat; + char **indices; +#endif + + if (string == 0 || *string == 0 || pat == 0 || *pat == 0) + return (0); + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) + { + n = xdupmbstowcs (&wpat, NULL, pat); + if (n == (size_t)-1) + return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep)); + n = xdupmbstowcs (&wstring, &indices, string); + if (n == (size_t)-1) + { + free (wpat); + return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep)); + } + ret = match_wpattern (wstring, indices, n, wpat, mtype, sp, ep); + + free (wpat); + free (wstring); + free (indices); + + return (ret); + } + else +#endif + return (match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep)); +} + +static int +getpatspec (c, value) + int c; + char *value; +{ + if (c == '#') + return ((*value == '#') ? RP_LONG_LEFT : RP_SHORT_LEFT); + else /* c == '%' */ + return ((*value == '%') ? RP_LONG_RIGHT : RP_SHORT_RIGHT); +} + +/* Posix.2 says that the WORD should be run through tilde expansion, + parameter expansion, command substitution and arithmetic expansion. + This leaves the result quoted, so quote_string_for_globbing () has + to be called to fix it up for strmatch (). If QUOTED is non-zero, + it means that the entire expression was enclosed in double quotes. + This means that quoting characters in the pattern do not make any + special pattern characters quoted. For example, the `*' in the + following retains its special meaning: "${foo#'*'}". */ +static char * +getpattern (value, quoted, expandpat) + char *value; + int quoted, expandpat; +{ + char *pat, *tword; + WORD_LIST *l; +#if 0 + int i; +#endif + /* There is a problem here: how to handle single or double quotes in the + pattern string when the whole expression is between double quotes? + POSIX.2 says that enclosing double quotes do not cause the pattern to + be quoted, but does that leave us a problem with @ and array[@] and their + expansions inside a pattern? */ +#if 0 + if (expandpat && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && *tword) + { + i = 0; + pat = string_extract_double_quoted (tword, &i, 1); + free (tword); + tword = pat; + } +#endif + + /* expand_string_for_rhs () leaves WORD quoted and does not perform + word splitting. */ + l = *value ? expand_string_for_rhs (value, + (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) ? Q_PATQUOTE : quoted, + (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL) + : (WORD_LIST *)0; + pat = string_list (l); + dispose_words (l); + if (pat) + { + tword = quote_string_for_globbing (pat, QGLOB_CVTNULL); + free (pat); + pat = tword; + } + return (pat); +} + +#if 0 +/* Handle removing a pattern from a string as a result of ${name%[%]value} + or ${name#[#]value}. */ +static char * +variable_remove_pattern (value, pattern, patspec, quoted) + char *value, *pattern; + int patspec, quoted; +{ + char *tword; + + tword = remove_pattern (value, pattern, patspec); + + return (tword); +} +#endif + +static char * +list_remove_pattern (list, pattern, patspec, itype, quoted) + WORD_LIST *list; + char *pattern; + int patspec, itype, quoted; +{ + WORD_LIST *new, *l; + WORD_DESC *w; + char *tword; + + for (new = (WORD_LIST *)NULL, l = list; l; l = l->next) + { + tword = remove_pattern (l->word->word, pattern, patspec); + w = alloc_word_desc (); + w->word = tword ? tword : savestring (""); + new = make_word_list (w, new); + } + + l = REVERSE_LIST (new, WORD_LIST *); + tword = string_list_pos_params (itype, l, quoted); + dispose_words (l); + + return (tword); +} + +static char * +parameter_list_remove_pattern (itype, pattern, patspec, quoted) + int itype; + char *pattern; + int patspec, quoted; +{ + char *ret; + WORD_LIST *list; + + list = list_rest_of_args (); + if (list == 0) + return ((char *)NULL); + ret = list_remove_pattern (list, pattern, patspec, itype, quoted); + dispose_words (list); + return (ret); +} + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) +static char * +array_remove_pattern (var, pattern, patspec, varname, quoted) + SHELL_VAR *var; + char *pattern; + int patspec; + char *varname; /* so we can figure out how it's indexed */ + int quoted; +{ + ARRAY *a; + HASH_TABLE *h; + int itype; + char *ret; + WORD_LIST *list; + SHELL_VAR *v; + + /* compute itype from varname here */ + v = array_variable_part (varname, &ret, 0); + itype = ret[0]; + + a = (v && array_p (v)) ? array_cell (v) : 0; + h = (v && assoc_p (v)) ? assoc_cell (v) : 0; + + list = a ? array_to_word_list (a) : (h ? assoc_to_word_list (h) : 0); + if (list == 0) + return ((char *)NULL); + ret = list_remove_pattern (list, pattern, patspec, itype, quoted); + dispose_words (list); + + return ret; +} +#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */ + +static char * +parameter_brace_remove_pattern (varname, value, patstr, rtype, quoted) + char *varname, *value, *patstr; + int rtype, quoted; +{ + int vtype, patspec, starsub; + char *temp1, *val, *pattern; + SHELL_VAR *v; + + if (value == 0) + return ((char *)NULL); + + this_command_name = varname; + + vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, quoted, &v, &val); + if (vtype == -1) + return ((char *)NULL); + + starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB; + vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB; + + patspec = getpatspec (rtype, patstr); + if (patspec == RP_LONG_LEFT || patspec == RP_LONG_RIGHT) + patstr++; + + /* Need to pass getpattern newly-allocated memory in case of expansion -- + the expansion code will free the passed string on an error. */ + temp1 = savestring (patstr); + pattern = getpattern (temp1, quoted, 1); + free (temp1); + + temp1 = (char *)NULL; /* shut up gcc */ + switch (vtype) + { + case VT_VARIABLE: + case VT_ARRAYMEMBER: + temp1 = remove_pattern (val, pattern, patspec); + if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE) + FREE (val); + if (temp1) + { + val = (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) + ? quote_string (temp1) + : quote_escapes (temp1); + free (temp1); + temp1 = val; + } + break; +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + case VT_ARRAYVAR: + temp1 = array_remove_pattern (v, pattern, patspec, varname, quoted); + if (temp1 && ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) == 0)) + { + val = quote_escapes (temp1); + free (temp1); + temp1 = val; + } + break; +#endif + case VT_POSPARMS: + temp1 = parameter_list_remove_pattern (varname[0], pattern, patspec, quoted); + if (temp1 && ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) == 0)) + { + val = quote_escapes (temp1); + free (temp1); + temp1 = val; + } + break; + } + + FREE (pattern); + return temp1; +} + +/******************************************* + * * + * Functions to expand WORD_DESCs * + * * + *******************************************/ + +/* Expand WORD, performing word splitting on the result. This does + parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, + word splitting, and quote removal. */ + +WORD_LIST * +expand_word (word, quoted) + WORD_DESC *word; + int quoted; +{ + WORD_LIST *result, *tresult; + + tresult = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL); + result = word_list_split (tresult); + dispose_words (tresult); + return (result ? dequote_list (result) : result); +} + +/* Expand WORD, but do not perform word splitting on the result. This + does parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, + and quote removal. */ +WORD_LIST * +expand_word_unsplit (word, quoted) + WORD_DESC *word; + int quoted; +{ + WORD_LIST *result; + + expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1; +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + if (ifs_firstc[0] == 0) +#else + if (ifs_firstc == 0) +#endif + word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT; + result = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL); + expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0; + + return (result ? dequote_list (result) : result); +} + +/* Perform shell expansions on WORD, but do not perform word splitting or + quote removal on the result. Virtually identical to expand_word_unsplit; + could be combined if implementations don't diverge. */ +WORD_LIST * +expand_word_leave_quoted (word, quoted) + WORD_DESC *word; + int quoted; +{ + WORD_LIST *result; + + expand_no_split_dollar_star = 1; +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + if (ifs_firstc[0] == 0) +#else + if (ifs_firstc == 0) +#endif + word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT; + word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT2; + result = call_expand_word_internal (word, quoted, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL); + expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0; + + return result; +} + +#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) + +/*****************************************************************/ +/* */ +/* Hacking Process Substitution */ +/* */ +/*****************************************************************/ + +#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) +/* Named pipes must be removed explicitly with `unlink'. This keeps a list + of FIFOs the shell has open. unlink_fifo_list will walk the list and + unlink all of them. add_fifo_list adds the name of an open FIFO to the + list. NFIFO is a count of the number of FIFOs in the list. */ +#define FIFO_INCR 20 + +struct temp_fifo { + char *file; + pid_t proc; +}; + +static struct temp_fifo *fifo_list = (struct temp_fifo *)NULL; +static int nfifo; +static int fifo_list_size; + +static void +add_fifo_list (pathname) + char *pathname; +{ + if (nfifo >= fifo_list_size - 1) + { + fifo_list_size += FIFO_INCR; + fifo_list = (struct temp_fifo *)xrealloc (fifo_list, + fifo_list_size * sizeof (struct temp_fifo)); + } + + fifo_list[nfifo].file = savestring (pathname); + nfifo++; +} + +void +unlink_fifo_list () +{ + int saved, i, j; + + if (nfifo == 0) + return; + + for (i = saved = 0; i < nfifo; i++) + { + if ((fifo_list[i].proc == -1) || (kill(fifo_list[i].proc, 0) == -1)) + { + unlink (fifo_list[i].file); + free (fifo_list[i].file); + fifo_list[i].file = (char *)NULL; + fifo_list[i].proc = -1; + } + else + saved++; + } + + /* If we didn't remove some of the FIFOs, compact the list. */ + if (saved) + { + for (i = j = 0; i < nfifo; i++) + if (fifo_list[i].file) + { + fifo_list[j].file = fifo_list[i].file; + fifo_list[j].proc = fifo_list[i].proc; + j++; + } + nfifo = j; + } + else + nfifo = 0; +} + +int +fifos_pending () +{ + return nfifo; +} + +static char * +make_named_pipe () +{ + char *tname; + + tname = sh_mktmpname ("sh-np", MT_USERANDOM|MT_USETMPDIR); + if (mkfifo (tname, 0600) < 0) + { + free (tname); + return ((char *)NULL); + } + + add_fifo_list (tname); + return (tname); +} + +#else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ + +/* DEV_FD_LIST is a bitmap of file descriptors attached to pipes the shell + has open to children. NFDS is a count of the number of bits currently + set in DEV_FD_LIST. TOTFDS is a count of the highest possible number + of open files. */ +static char *dev_fd_list = (char *)NULL; +static int nfds; +static int totfds; /* The highest possible number of open files. */ + +static void +add_fifo_list (fd) + int fd; +{ + if (!dev_fd_list || fd >= totfds) + { + int ofds; + + ofds = totfds; + totfds = getdtablesize (); + if (totfds < 0 || totfds > 256) + totfds = 256; + if (fd >= totfds) + totfds = fd + 2; + + dev_fd_list = (char *)xrealloc (dev_fd_list, totfds); + memset (dev_fd_list + ofds, '\0', totfds - ofds); + } + + dev_fd_list[fd] = 1; + nfds++; +} + +int +fifos_pending () +{ + return 0; /* used for cleanup; not needed with /dev/fd */ +} + +void +unlink_fifo_list () +{ + register int i; + + if (nfds == 0) + return; + + for (i = 0; nfds && i < totfds; i++) + if (dev_fd_list[i]) + { + close (i); + dev_fd_list[i] = 0; + nfds--; + } + + nfds = 0; +} + +#if defined (NOTDEF) +print_dev_fd_list () +{ + register int i; + + fprintf (stderr, "pid %ld: dev_fd_list:", (long)getpid ()); + fflush (stderr); + + for (i = 0; i < totfds; i++) + { + if (dev_fd_list[i]) + fprintf (stderr, " %d", i); + } + fprintf (stderr, "\n"); +} +#endif /* NOTDEF */ + +static char * +make_dev_fd_filename (fd) + int fd; +{ + char *ret, intbuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (int) + 1], *p; + + ret = (char *)xmalloc (sizeof (DEV_FD_PREFIX) + 8); + + strcpy (ret, DEV_FD_PREFIX); + p = inttostr (fd, intbuf, sizeof (intbuf)); + strcpy (ret + sizeof (DEV_FD_PREFIX) - 1, p); + + add_fifo_list (fd); + return (ret); +} + +#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ + +/* Return a filename that will open a connection to the process defined by + executing STRING. HAVE_DEV_FD, if defined, means open a pipe and return + a filename in /dev/fd corresponding to a descriptor that is one of the + ends of the pipe. If not defined, we use named pipes on systems that have + them. Systems without /dev/fd and named pipes are out of luck. + + OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD, if 1, means open the named pipe for reading or + use the read end of the pipe and dup that file descriptor to fd 0 in + the child. If OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD is 0, we open the named pipe for + writing or use the write end of the pipe in the child, and dup that + file descriptor to fd 1 in the child. The parent does the opposite. */ + +static char * +process_substitute (string, open_for_read_in_child) + char *string; + int open_for_read_in_child; +{ + char *pathname; + int fd, result; + pid_t old_pid, pid; +#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) + int parent_pipe_fd, child_pipe_fd; + int fildes[2]; +#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ +#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) + pid_t old_pipeline_pgrp; +#endif + + if (!string || !*string || wordexp_only) + return ((char *)NULL); + +#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) + pathname = make_named_pipe (); +#else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ + if (pipe (fildes) < 0) + { + sys_error (_("cannot make pipe for process substitution")); + return ((char *)NULL); + } + /* If OPEN_FOR_READ_IN_CHILD == 1, we want to use the write end of + the pipe in the parent, otherwise the read end. */ + parent_pipe_fd = fildes[open_for_read_in_child]; + child_pipe_fd = fildes[1 - open_for_read_in_child]; + /* Move the parent end of the pipe to some high file descriptor, to + avoid clashes with FDs used by the script. */ + parent_pipe_fd = move_to_high_fd (parent_pipe_fd, 1, 64); + + pathname = make_dev_fd_filename (parent_pipe_fd); +#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ + + if (pathname == 0) + { + sys_error (_("cannot make pipe for process substitution")); + return ((char *)NULL); + } + + old_pid = last_made_pid; + +#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) + old_pipeline_pgrp = pipeline_pgrp; + pipeline_pgrp = shell_pgrp; + save_pipeline (1); +#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ + + pid = make_child ((char *)NULL, 1); + if (pid == 0) + { + reset_terminating_signals (); /* XXX */ + free_pushed_string_input (); + /* Cancel traps, in trap.c. */ + restore_original_signals (); + setup_async_signals (); + subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_COMSUB|SUBSHELL_PROCSUB; + } + +#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) + set_sigchld_handler (); + stop_making_children (); + /* XXX - should we only do this in the parent? (as in command subst) */ + pipeline_pgrp = old_pipeline_pgrp; +#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ + + if (pid < 0) + { + sys_error (_("cannot make child for process substitution")); + free (pathname); +#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) + close (parent_pipe_fd); + close (child_pipe_fd); +#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ + return ((char *)NULL); + } + + if (pid > 0) + { +#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) + restore_pipeline (1); +#endif + +#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) + fifo_list[nfifo-1].proc = pid; +#endif + + last_made_pid = old_pid; + +#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (PGRP_PIPE) + close_pgrp_pipe (); +#endif /* JOB_CONTROL && PGRP_PIPE */ + +#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) + close (child_pipe_fd); +#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ + + return (pathname); + } + + set_sigint_handler (); + +#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) + set_job_control (0); +#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ + +#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) + /* Open the named pipe in the child. */ + fd = open (pathname, open_for_read_in_child ? O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK : O_WRONLY); + if (fd < 0) + { + /* Two separate strings for ease of translation. */ + if (open_for_read_in_child) + sys_error (_("cannot open named pipe %s for reading"), pathname); + else + sys_error (_("cannot open named pipe %s for writing"), pathname); + + exit (127); + } + if (open_for_read_in_child) + { + if (sh_unset_nodelay_mode (fd) < 0) + { + sys_error (_("cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d"), fd); + exit (127); + } + } +#else /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ + fd = child_pipe_fd; +#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ + + if (dup2 (fd, open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1) < 0) + { + sys_error (_("cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d"), pathname, + open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1); + exit (127); + } + + if (fd != (open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1)) + close (fd); + + /* Need to close any files that this process has open to pipes inherited + from its parent. */ + if (current_fds_to_close) + { + close_fd_bitmap (current_fds_to_close); + current_fds_to_close = (struct fd_bitmap *)NULL; + } + +#if defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) + /* Make sure we close the parent's end of the pipe and clear the slot + in the fd list so it is not closed later, if reallocated by, for + instance, pipe(2). */ + close (parent_pipe_fd); + dev_fd_list[parent_pipe_fd] = 0; +#endif /* HAVE_DEV_FD */ + + result = parse_and_execute (string, "process substitution", (SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST)); + +#if !defined (HAVE_DEV_FD) + /* Make sure we close the named pipe in the child before we exit. */ + close (open_for_read_in_child ? 0 : 1); +#endif /* !HAVE_DEV_FD */ + + exit (result); + /*NOTREACHED*/ +} +#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ + +/***********************************/ +/* */ +/* Command Substitution */ +/* */ +/***********************************/ + +static char * +read_comsub (fd, quoted, rflag) + int fd, quoted; + int *rflag; +{ + char *istring, buf[128], *bufp, *s; + int istring_index, istring_size, c, tflag, skip_ctlesc, skip_ctlnul; + ssize_t bufn; + + istring = (char *)NULL; + istring_index = istring_size = bufn = tflag = 0; + + for (skip_ctlesc = skip_ctlnul = 0, s = ifs_value; s && *s; s++) + skip_ctlesc |= *s == CTLESC, skip_ctlnul |= *s == CTLNUL; + +#ifdef __CYGWIN__ + setmode (fd, O_TEXT); /* we don't want CR/LF, we want Unix-style */ +#endif + + /* Read the output of the command through the pipe. This may need to be + changed to understand multibyte characters in the future. */ + while (1) + { + if (fd < 0) + break; + if (--bufn <= 0) + { + bufn = zread (fd, buf, sizeof (buf)); + if (bufn <= 0) + break; + bufp = buf; + } + c = *bufp++; + + if (c == 0) + { +#if 0 + internal_warning ("read_comsub: ignored null byte in input"); +#endif + continue; + } + + /* Add the character to ISTRING, possibly after resizing it. */ + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 2, istring_size, DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE); + + /* This is essentially quote_string inline */ + if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) /* || c == CTLESC || c == CTLNUL */) + istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC; + /* Escape CTLESC and CTLNUL in the output to protect those characters + from the rest of the word expansions (word splitting and globbing.) + This is essentially quote_escapes inline. */ + else if (skip_ctlesc == 0 && c == CTLESC) + { + tflag |= W_HASCTLESC; + istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC; + } + else if ((skip_ctlnul == 0 && c == CTLNUL) || (c == ' ' && (ifs_value && *ifs_value == 0))) + istring[istring_index++] = CTLESC; + + istring[istring_index++] = c; + +#if 0 +#if defined (__CYGWIN__) + if (c == '\n' && istring_index > 1 && istring[istring_index - 2] == '\r') + { + istring_index--; + istring[istring_index - 1] = '\n'; + } +#endif +#endif + } + + if (istring) + istring[istring_index] = '\0'; + + /* If we read no output, just return now and save ourselves some + trouble. */ + if (istring_index == 0) + { + FREE (istring); + if (rflag) + *rflag = tflag; + return (char *)NULL; + } + + /* Strip trailing newlines from the output of the command. */ + if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) + { + while (istring_index > 0) + { + if (istring[istring_index - 1] == '\n') + { + --istring_index; + + /* If the newline was quoted, remove the quoting char. */ + if (istring[istring_index - 1] == CTLESC) + --istring_index; + } + else + break; + } + istring[istring_index] = '\0'; + } + else + strip_trailing (istring, istring_index - 1, 1); + + if (rflag) + *rflag = tflag; + return istring; +} + +/* Perform command substitution on STRING. This returns a WORD_DESC * with the + contained string possibly quoted. */ +WORD_DESC * +command_substitute (string, quoted) + char *string; + int quoted; +{ + pid_t pid, old_pid, old_pipeline_pgrp, old_async_pid; + char *istring; + int result, fildes[2], function_value, pflags, rc, tflag; + WORD_DESC *ret; + + istring = (char *)NULL; + + /* Don't fork () if there is no need to. In the case of no command to + run, just return NULL. */ + if (!string || !*string || (string[0] == '\n' && !string[1])) + return ((WORD_DESC *)NULL); + + if (wordexp_only && read_but_dont_execute) + { + last_command_exit_value = EX_WEXPCOMSUB; + jump_to_top_level (EXITPROG); + } + + /* We're making the assumption here that the command substitution will + eventually run a command from the file system. Since we'll run + maybe_make_export_env in this subshell before executing that command, + the parent shell and any other shells it starts will have to remake + the environment. If we make it before we fork, other shells won't + have to. Don't bother if we have any temporary variable assignments, + though, because the export environment will be remade after this + command completes anyway, but do it if all the words to be expanded + are variable assignments. */ + if (subst_assign_varlist == 0 || garglist == 0) + maybe_make_export_env (); /* XXX */ + + /* Flags to pass to parse_and_execute() */ + pflags = (interactive && sourcelevel == 0) ? SEVAL_RESETLINE : 0; + + /* Pipe the output of executing STRING into the current shell. */ + if (pipe (fildes) < 0) + { + sys_error (_("cannot make pipe for command substitution")); + goto error_exit; + } + + old_pid = last_made_pid; +#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) + old_pipeline_pgrp = pipeline_pgrp; + /* Don't reset the pipeline pgrp if we're already a subshell in a pipeline. */ + if ((subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_PIPE) == 0) + pipeline_pgrp = shell_pgrp; + cleanup_the_pipeline (); +#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ + + old_async_pid = last_asynchronous_pid; + pid = make_child ((char *)NULL, subshell_environment&SUBSHELL_ASYNC); + last_asynchronous_pid = old_async_pid; + + if (pid == 0) + /* Reset the signal handlers in the child, but don't free the + trap strings. */ + reset_signal_handlers (); + +#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) + /* XXX DO THIS ONLY IN PARENT ? XXX */ + set_sigchld_handler (); + stop_making_children (); + if (pid != 0) + pipeline_pgrp = old_pipeline_pgrp; +#else + stop_making_children (); +#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ + + if (pid < 0) + { + sys_error (_("cannot make child for command substitution")); + error_exit: + + FREE (istring); + close (fildes[0]); + close (fildes[1]); + return ((WORD_DESC *)NULL); + } + + if (pid == 0) + { + set_sigint_handler (); /* XXX */ + + free_pushed_string_input (); + + if (dup2 (fildes[1], 1) < 0) + { + sys_error (_("command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1")); + exit (EXECUTION_FAILURE); + } + + /* If standard output is closed in the parent shell + (such as after `exec >&-'), file descriptor 1 will be + the lowest available file descriptor, and end up in + fildes[0]. This can happen for stdin and stderr as well, + but stdout is more important -- it will cause no output + to be generated from this command. */ + if ((fildes[1] != fileno (stdin)) && + (fildes[1] != fileno (stdout)) && + (fildes[1] != fileno (stderr))) + close (fildes[1]); + + if ((fildes[0] != fileno (stdin)) && + (fildes[0] != fileno (stdout)) && + (fildes[0] != fileno (stderr))) + close (fildes[0]); + + /* The currently executing shell is not interactive. */ + interactive = 0; + + /* This is a subshell environment. */ + subshell_environment |= SUBSHELL_COMSUB; + + /* When not in POSIX mode, command substitution does not inherit + the -e flag. */ + if (posixly_correct == 0) + exit_immediately_on_error = 0; + + remove_quoted_escapes (string); + + startup_state = 2; /* see if we can avoid a fork */ + /* Give command substitution a place to jump back to on failure, + so we don't go back up to main (). */ + result = setjmp (top_level); + + /* If we're running a command substitution inside a shell function, + trap `return' so we don't return from the function in the subshell + and go off to never-never land. */ + if (result == 0 && return_catch_flag) + function_value = setjmp (return_catch); + else + function_value = 0; + + if (result == ERREXIT) + rc = last_command_exit_value; + else if (result == EXITPROG) + rc = last_command_exit_value; + else if (result) + rc = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + else if (function_value) + rc = return_catch_value; + else + { + subshell_level++; + rc = parse_and_execute (string, "command substitution", pflags|SEVAL_NOHIST); + subshell_level--; + } + + last_command_exit_value = rc; + rc = run_exit_trap (); +#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) + unlink_fifo_list (); +#endif + exit (rc); + } + else + { +#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) && defined (PGRP_PIPE) + close_pgrp_pipe (); +#endif /* JOB_CONTROL && PGRP_PIPE */ + + close (fildes[1]); + + tflag = 0; + istring = read_comsub (fildes[0], quoted, &tflag); + + close (fildes[0]); + + current_command_subst_pid = pid; + last_command_exit_value = wait_for (pid); + last_command_subst_pid = pid; + last_made_pid = old_pid; + +#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) + /* If last_command_exit_value > 128, then the substituted command + was terminated by a signal. If that signal was SIGINT, then send + SIGINT to ourselves. This will break out of loops, for instance. */ + if (last_command_exit_value == (128 + SIGINT) && last_command_exit_signal == SIGINT) + kill (getpid (), SIGINT); + + /* wait_for gives the terminal back to shell_pgrp. If some other + process group should have it, give it away to that group here. + pipeline_pgrp is non-zero only while we are constructing a + pipline, so what we are concerned about is whether or not that + pipeline was started in the background. A pipeline started in + the background should never get the tty back here. */ +#if 0 + if (interactive && pipeline_pgrp != (pid_t)0 && pipeline_pgrp != last_asynchronous_pid) +#else + if (interactive && pipeline_pgrp != (pid_t)0 && (subshell_environment & SUBSHELL_ASYNC) == 0) +#endif + give_terminal_to (pipeline_pgrp, 0); +#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ + + ret = alloc_word_desc (); + ret->word = istring; + ret->flags = tflag; + + return ret; + } +} + +/******************************************************** + * * + * Utility functions for parameter expansion * + * * + ********************************************************/ + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + +static arrayind_t +array_length_reference (s) + char *s; +{ + int len; + arrayind_t ind; + char *akey; + char *t, c; + ARRAY *array; + SHELL_VAR *var; + + var = array_variable_part (s, &t, &len); + + /* If unbound variables should generate an error, report one and return + failure. */ + if ((var == 0 || (assoc_p (var) == 0 && array_p (var) == 0)) && unbound_vars_is_error) + { + c = *--t; + *t = '\0'; + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + err_unboundvar (s); + *t = c; + return (-1); + } + else if (var == 0) + return 0; + + /* We support a couple of expansions for variables that are not arrays. + We'll return the length of the value for v[0], and 1 for v[@] or + v[*]. Return 0 for everything else. */ + + array = array_p (var) ? array_cell (var) : (ARRAY *)NULL; + + if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (t[0]) && t[1] == ']') + { + if (assoc_p (var)) + return (assoc_num_elements (assoc_cell (var))); + else if (array_p (var)) + return (array_num_elements (array)); + else + return 1; + } + + if (assoc_p (var)) + { + t[len - 1] = '\0'; + akey = expand_assignment_string_to_string (t, 0); /* [ */ + t[len - 1] = ']'; + if (akey == 0 || *akey == 0) + { + err_badarraysub (t); + return (-1); + } + t = assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), akey); + } + else + { + ind = array_expand_index (t, len); + if (ind < 0) + { + err_badarraysub (t); + return (-1); + } + if (array_p (var)) + t = array_reference (array, ind); + else + t = (ind == 0) ? value_cell (var) : (char *)NULL; + } + + len = MB_STRLEN (t); + return (len); +} +#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */ + +static int +valid_brace_expansion_word (name, var_is_special) + char *name; + int var_is_special; +{ + if (DIGIT (*name) && all_digits (name)) + return 1; + else if (var_is_special) + return 1; +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + else if (valid_array_reference (name)) + return 1; +#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */ + else if (legal_identifier (name)) + return 1; + else + return 0; +} + +static int +chk_atstar (name, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at) + char *name; + int quoted; + int *quoted_dollar_atp, *contains_dollar_at; +{ + char *temp1; + + if (name == 0) + { + if (quoted_dollar_atp) + *quoted_dollar_atp = 0; + if (contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 0; + return 0; + } + + /* check for $@ and $* */ + if (name[0] == '@' && name[1] == 0) + { + if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp) + *quoted_dollar_atp = 1; + if (contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 1; + return 1; + } + else if (name[0] == '*' && name[1] == '\0' && quoted == 0) + { + if (contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 1; + return 1; + } + + /* Now check for ${array[@]} and ${array[*]} */ +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + else if (valid_array_reference (name)) + { + temp1 = mbschr (name, '['); + if (temp1 && temp1[1] == '@' && temp1[2] == ']') + { + if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp) + *quoted_dollar_atp = 1; + if (contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 1; + return 1; + } /* [ */ + /* ${array[*]}, when unquoted, should be treated like ${array[@]}, + which should result in separate words even when IFS is unset. */ + if (temp1 && temp1[1] == '*' && temp1[2] == ']' && quoted == 0) + { + if (contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 1; + return 1; + } + } +#endif + return 0; +} + +/* Parameter expand NAME, and return a new string which is the expansion, + or NULL if there was no expansion. + VAR_IS_SPECIAL is non-zero if NAME is one of the special variables in + the shell, e.g., "@", "$", "*", etc. QUOTED, if non-zero, means that + NAME was found inside of a double-quoted expression. */ +static WORD_DESC * +parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted, pflags) + char *name; + int var_is_special, quoted, pflags; +{ + WORD_DESC *ret; + char *temp, *tt; + intmax_t arg_index; + SHELL_VAR *var; + int atype, rflags; + + ret = 0; + temp = 0; + rflags = 0; + + /* Handle multiple digit arguments, as in ${11}. */ + if (legal_number (name, &arg_index)) + { + tt = get_dollar_var_value (arg_index); + if (tt) + temp = (*tt && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))) + ? quote_string (tt) + : quote_escapes (tt); + else + temp = (char *)NULL; + FREE (tt); + } + else if (var_is_special) /* ${@} */ + { + int sindex; + tt = (char *)xmalloc (2 + strlen (name)); + tt[sindex = 0] = '$'; + strcpy (tt + 1, name); + + ret = param_expand (tt, &sindex, quoted, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL, + (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL, pflags); + free (tt); + } +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + else if (valid_array_reference (name)) + { + temp = array_value (name, quoted, &atype); + if (atype == 0 && temp) + temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))) + ? quote_string (temp) + : quote_escapes (temp); + else if (atype == 1 && temp && QUOTED_NULL (temp) && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))) + rflags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + } +#endif + else if (var = find_variable (name)) + { + if (var_isset (var) && invisible_p (var) == 0) + { +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + if (assoc_p (var)) + temp = assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), "0"); + else if (array_p (var)) + temp = array_reference (array_cell (var), 0); + else + temp = value_cell (var); +#else + temp = value_cell (var); +#endif + + if (temp) + temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))) + ? quote_string (temp) + : quote_escapes (temp); + } + else + temp = (char *)NULL; + } + else + temp = (char *)NULL; + + if (ret == 0) + { + ret = alloc_word_desc (); + ret->word = temp; + ret->flags |= rflags; + } + return ret; +} + +/* Expand an indirect reference to a variable: ${!NAME} expands to the + value of the variable whose name is the value of NAME. */ +static WORD_DESC * +parameter_brace_expand_indir (name, var_is_special, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at) + char *name; + int var_is_special, quoted; + int *quoted_dollar_atp, *contains_dollar_at; +{ + char *temp, *t; + WORD_DESC *w; + + w = parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted, PF_IGNUNBOUND); + t = w->word; + /* Have to dequote here if necessary */ + if (t) + { + temp = (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) + ? dequote_string (t) + : dequote_escapes (t); + free (t); + t = temp; + } + dispose_word_desc (w); + + chk_atstar (t, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at); + if (t == 0) + return (WORD_DESC *)NULL; + + w = parameter_brace_expand_word (t, SPECIAL_VAR(t, 0), quoted, 0); + free (t); + + return w; +} + +/* Expand the right side of a parameter expansion of the form ${NAMEcVALUE}, + depending on the value of C, the separating character. C can be one of + "-", "+", or "=". QUOTED is true if the entire brace expression occurs + between double quotes. */ +static WORD_DESC * +parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, quoted, qdollaratp, hasdollarat) + char *name, *value; + int c, quoted, *qdollaratp, *hasdollarat; +{ + WORD_DESC *w; + WORD_LIST *l; + char *t, *t1, *temp; + int hasdol; + + /* If the entire expression is between double quotes, we want to treat + the value as a double-quoted string, with the exception that we strip + embedded unescaped double quotes (for sh backwards compatibility). */ + if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && *value) + { + hasdol = 0; + temp = string_extract_double_quoted (value, &hasdol, 1); + } + else + temp = value; + + w = alloc_word_desc (); + hasdol = 0; + /* XXX was 0 not quoted */ + l = *temp ? expand_string_for_rhs (temp, quoted, &hasdol, (int *)NULL) + : (WORD_LIST *)0; + if (hasdollarat) + *hasdollarat = hasdol || (l && l->next); + if (temp != value) + free (temp); + if (l) + { + /* The expansion of TEMP returned something. We need to treat things + slightly differently if HASDOL is non-zero. If we have "$@", the + individual words have already been quoted. We need to turn them + into a string with the words separated by the first character of + $IFS without any additional quoting, so string_list_dollar_at won't + do the right thing. We use string_list_dollar_star instead. */ + temp = (hasdol || l->next) ? string_list_dollar_star (l) : string_list (l); + + /* If l->next is not null, we know that TEMP contained "$@", since that + is the only expansion that creates more than one word. */ + if (qdollaratp && ((hasdol && quoted) || l->next)) + *qdollaratp = 1; + dispose_words (l); + } + else if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && hasdol) + { + /* The brace expansion occurred between double quotes and there was + a $@ in TEMP. It does not matter if the $@ is quoted, as long as + it does not expand to anything. In this case, we want to return + a quoted empty string. */ + temp = make_quoted_char ('\0'); + w->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + } + else + temp = (char *)NULL; + + if (c == '-' || c == '+') + { + w->word = temp; + return w; + } + + /* c == '=' */ + t = temp ? savestring (temp) : savestring (""); + t1 = dequote_string (t); + free (t); +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + if (valid_array_reference (name)) + assign_array_element (name, t1, 0); + else +#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */ + bind_variable (name, t1, 0); + free (t1); + + w->word = temp; + return w; +} + +/* Deal with the right hand side of a ${name:?value} expansion in the case + that NAME is null or not set. If VALUE is non-null it is expanded and + used as the error message to print, otherwise a standard message is + printed. */ +static void +parameter_brace_expand_error (name, value) + char *name, *value; +{ + WORD_LIST *l; + char *temp; + + if (value && *value) + { + l = expand_string (value, 0); + temp = string_list (l); + report_error ("%s: %s", name, temp ? temp : ""); /* XXX was value not "" */ + FREE (temp); + dispose_words (l); + } + else + report_error (_("%s: parameter null or not set"), name); + + /* Free the data we have allocated during this expansion, since we + are about to longjmp out. */ + free (name); + FREE (value); +} + +/* Return 1 if NAME is something for which parameter_brace_expand_length is + OK to do. */ +static int +valid_length_expression (name) + char *name; +{ + return (name[1] == '\0' || /* ${#} */ + ((sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char) name[1]] & CSPECVAR) && name[2] == '\0') || /* special param */ + (DIGIT (name[1]) && all_digits (name + 1)) || /* ${#11} */ +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + valid_array_reference (name + 1) || /* ${#a[7]} */ +#endif + legal_identifier (name + 1)); /* ${#PS1} */ +} + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +size_t +mbstrlen (s) + const char *s; +{ + size_t clen, nc; + mbstate_t mbs, mbsbak; + + nc = 0; + memset (&mbs, 0, sizeof (mbs)); + mbsbak = mbs; + while ((clen = mbrlen(s, MB_CUR_MAX, &mbs)) != 0) + { + if (MB_INVALIDCH(clen)) + { + clen = 1; /* assume single byte */ + mbs = mbsbak; + } + + s += clen; + nc++; + mbsbak = mbs; + } + return nc; +} +#endif + + +/* Handle the parameter brace expansion that requires us to return the + length of a parameter. */ +static intmax_t +parameter_brace_expand_length (name) + char *name; +{ + char *t, *newname; + intmax_t number, arg_index; + WORD_LIST *list; +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + SHELL_VAR *var; +#endif + + if (name[1] == '\0') /* ${#} */ + number = number_of_args (); + else if ((name[1] == '@' || name[1] == '*') && name[2] == '\0') /* ${#@}, ${#*} */ + number = number_of_args (); + else if ((sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char) name[1]] & CSPECVAR) && name[2] == '\0') + { + /* Take the lengths of some of the shell's special parameters. */ + switch (name[1]) + { + case '-': + t = which_set_flags (); + break; + case '?': + t = itos (last_command_exit_value); + break; + case '$': + t = itos (dollar_dollar_pid); + break; + case '!': + if (last_asynchronous_pid == NO_PID) + t = (char *)NULL; + else + t = itos (last_asynchronous_pid); + break; + case '#': + t = itos (number_of_args ()); + break; + } + number = STRLEN (t); + FREE (t); + } +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + else if (valid_array_reference (name + 1)) + number = array_length_reference (name + 1); +#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */ + else + { + number = 0; + + if (legal_number (name + 1, &arg_index)) /* ${#1} */ + { + t = get_dollar_var_value (arg_index); + number = MB_STRLEN (t); + FREE (t); + } +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + else if ((var = find_variable (name + 1)) && (invisible_p (var) == 0) && (array_p (var) || assoc_p (var))) + { + if (assoc_p (var)) + t = assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), "0"); + else + t = array_reference (array_cell (var), 0); + number = MB_STRLEN (t); + } +#endif + else /* ${#PS1} */ + { + newname = savestring (name); + newname[0] = '$'; + list = expand_string (newname, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES); + t = list ? string_list (list) : (char *)NULL; + free (newname); + if (list) + dispose_words (list); + + number = MB_STRLEN (t); + FREE (t); + } + } + + return (number); +} + +/* Skip characters in SUBSTR until DELIM. SUBSTR is an arithmetic expression, + so we do some ad-hoc parsing of an arithmetic expression to find + the first DELIM, instead of using strchr(3). Two rules: + 1. If the substring contains a `(', read until closing `)'. + 2. If the substring contains a `?', read past one `:' for each `?'. +*/ + +static char * +skiparith (substr, delim) + char *substr; + int delim; +{ + size_t sublen; + int skipcol, pcount, i; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + sublen = strlen (substr); + i = skipcol = pcount = 0; + while (substr[i]) + { + /* Balance parens */ + if (substr[i] == LPAREN) + { + pcount++; + i++; + continue; + } + if (substr[i] == RPAREN && pcount) + { + pcount--; + i++; + continue; + } + if (pcount) + { + ADVANCE_CHAR (substr, sublen, i); + continue; + } + + /* Skip one `:' for each `?' */ + if (substr[i] == ':' && skipcol) + { + skipcol--; + i++; + continue; + } + if (substr[i] == delim) + break; + if (substr[i] == '?') + { + skipcol++; + i++; + continue; + } + ADVANCE_CHAR (substr, sublen, i); + } + + return (substr + i); +} + +/* Verify and limit the start and end of the desired substring. If + VTYPE == 0, a regular shell variable is being used; if it is 1, + then the positional parameters are being used; if it is 2, then + VALUE is really a pointer to an array variable that should be used. + Return value is 1 if both values were OK, 0 if there was a problem + with an invalid expression, or -1 if the values were out of range. */ +static int +verify_substring_values (v, value, substr, vtype, e1p, e2p) + SHELL_VAR *v; + char *value, *substr; + int vtype; + intmax_t *e1p, *e2p; +{ + char *t, *temp1, *temp2; + arrayind_t len; + int expok; +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + ARRAY *a; + HASH_TABLE *h; +#endif + + /* duplicate behavior of strchr(3) */ + t = skiparith (substr, ':'); + if (*t && *t == ':') + *t = '\0'; + else + t = (char *)0; + + temp1 = expand_arith_string (substr, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES); + *e1p = evalexp (temp1, &expok); + free (temp1); + if (expok == 0) + return (0); + + len = -1; /* paranoia */ + switch (vtype) + { + case VT_VARIABLE: + case VT_ARRAYMEMBER: + len = MB_STRLEN (value); + break; + case VT_POSPARMS: + len = number_of_args () + 1; + if (*e1p == 0) + len++; /* add one arg if counting from $0 */ + break; +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + case VT_ARRAYVAR: + /* For arrays, the first value deals with array indices. Negative + offsets count from one past the array's maximum index. Associative + arrays treat the number of elements as the maximum index. */ + if (assoc_p (v)) + { + h = assoc_cell (v); + len = assoc_num_elements (h) + (*e1p < 0); + } + else + { + a = (ARRAY *)value; + len = array_max_index (a) + (*e1p < 0); /* arrays index from 0 to n - 1 */ + } + break; +#endif + } + + if (len == -1) /* paranoia */ + return -1; + + if (*e1p < 0) /* negative offsets count from end */ + *e1p += len; + + if (*e1p > len || *e1p < 0) + return (-1); + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + /* For arrays, the second offset deals with the number of elements. */ + if (vtype == VT_ARRAYVAR) + len = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_num_elements (h) : array_num_elements (a); +#endif + + if (t) + { + t++; + temp2 = savestring (t); + temp1 = expand_arith_string (temp2, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES); + free (temp2); + t[-1] = ':'; + *e2p = evalexp (temp1, &expok); + free (temp1); + if (expok == 0) + return (0); + if (*e2p < 0) + { + internal_error (_("%s: substring expression < 0"), t); + return (0); + } +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + /* In order to deal with sparse arrays, push the intelligence about how + to deal with the number of elements desired down to the array- + specific functions. */ + if (vtype != VT_ARRAYVAR) +#endif + { + *e2p += *e1p; /* want E2 chars starting at E1 */ + if (*e2p > len) + *e2p = len; + } + } + else + *e2p = len; + + return (1); +} + +/* Return the type of variable specified by VARNAME (simple variable, + positional param, or array variable). Also return the value specified + by VARNAME (value of a variable or a reference to an array element). + If this returns VT_VARIABLE, the caller assumes that CTLESC and CTLNUL + characters in the value are quoted with CTLESC and takes appropriate + steps. For convenience, *VALP is set to the dequoted VALUE. */ +static int +get_var_and_type (varname, value, quoted, varp, valp) + char *varname, *value; + int quoted; + SHELL_VAR **varp; + char **valp; +{ + int vtype; + char *temp; +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + SHELL_VAR *v; +#endif + + /* This sets vtype to VT_VARIABLE or VT_POSPARMS */ + vtype = (varname[0] == '@' || varname[0] == '*') && varname[1] == '\0'; + if (vtype == VT_POSPARMS && varname[0] == '*') + vtype |= VT_STARSUB; + *varp = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + if (valid_array_reference (varname)) + { + v = array_variable_part (varname, &temp, (int *)0); + if (v && (array_p (v) || assoc_p (v))) + { /* [ */ + if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (temp[0]) && temp[1] == ']') + { + /* Callers have to differentiate betwen indexed and associative */ + vtype = VT_ARRAYVAR; + if (temp[0] == '*') + vtype |= VT_STARSUB; + *valp = array_p (v) ? (char *)array_cell (v) : (char *)assoc_cell (v); + } + else + { + vtype = VT_ARRAYMEMBER; + *valp = array_value (varname, 1, (int *)NULL); + } + *varp = v; + } + else if (v && (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (temp[0]) && temp[1] == ']')) + { + vtype = VT_VARIABLE; + *varp = v; + if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) + *valp = dequote_string (value); + else + *valp = dequote_escapes (value); + } + else + { + vtype = VT_ARRAYMEMBER; + *varp = v; + *valp = array_value (varname, 1, (int *)NULL); + } + } + else if ((v = find_variable (varname)) && (invisible_p (v) == 0) && (assoc_p (v) || array_p (v))) + { + vtype = VT_ARRAYMEMBER; + *varp = v; + *valp = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_reference (assoc_cell (v), "0") : array_reference (array_cell (v), 0); + } + else +#endif + { + if (value && vtype == VT_VARIABLE) + { + if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) + *valp = dequote_string (value); + else + *valp = dequote_escapes (value); + } + else + *valp = value; + } + + return vtype; +} + +/******************************************************/ +/* */ +/* Functions to extract substrings of variable values */ +/* */ +/******************************************************/ + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) +/* Character-oriented rather than strictly byte-oriented substrings. S and + E, rather being strict indices into STRING, indicate character (possibly + multibyte character) positions that require calculation. + Used by the ${param:offset[:length]} expansion. */ +static char * +mb_substring (string, s, e) + char *string; + int s, e; +{ + char *tt; + int start, stop, i, slen; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + start = 0; + /* Don't need string length in ADVANCE_CHAR unless multibyte chars possible. */ + slen = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? STRLEN (string) : 0; + + i = s; + while (string[start] && i--) + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, start); + stop = start; + i = e - s; + while (string[stop] && i--) + ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, stop); + tt = substring (string, start, stop); + return tt; +} +#endif + +/* Process a variable substring expansion: ${name:e1[:e2]}. If VARNAME + is `@', use the positional parameters; otherwise, use the value of + VARNAME. If VARNAME is an array variable, use the array elements. */ + +static char * +parameter_brace_substring (varname, value, substr, quoted) + char *varname, *value, *substr; + int quoted; +{ + intmax_t e1, e2; + int vtype, r, starsub; + char *temp, *val, *tt, *oname; + SHELL_VAR *v; + + if (value == 0) + return ((char *)NULL); + + oname = this_command_name; + this_command_name = varname; + + vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, quoted, &v, &val); + if (vtype == -1) + { + this_command_name = oname; + return ((char *)NULL); + } + + starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB; + vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB; + + r = verify_substring_values (v, val, substr, vtype, &e1, &e2); + this_command_name = oname; + if (r <= 0) + return ((r == 0) ? &expand_param_error : (char *)NULL); + + switch (vtype) + { + case VT_VARIABLE: + case VT_ARRAYMEMBER: +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) + tt = mb_substring (val, e1, e2); + else +#endif + tt = substring (val, e1, e2); + + if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE) + FREE (val); + if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) + temp = quote_string (tt); + else + temp = tt ? quote_escapes (tt) : (char *)NULL; + FREE (tt); + break; + case VT_POSPARMS: + tt = pos_params (varname, e1, e2, quoted); + if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) == 0) + { + temp = tt ? quote_escapes (tt) : (char *)NULL; + FREE (tt); + } + else + temp = tt; + break; +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + case VT_ARRAYVAR: + if (assoc_p (v)) + /* we convert to list and take first e2 elements starting at e1th + element -- officially undefined for now */ + temp = assoc_subrange (assoc_cell (v), e1, e2, starsub, quoted); + else + /* We want E2 to be the number of elements desired (arrays can be sparse, + so verify_substring_values just returns the numbers specified and we + rely on array_subrange to understand how to deal with them). */ + temp = array_subrange (array_cell (v), e1, e2, starsub, quoted); + /* array_subrange now calls array_quote_escapes as appropriate, so the + caller no longer needs to. */ + break; +#endif + default: + temp = (char *)NULL; + } + + return temp; +} + +/****************************************************************/ +/* */ +/* Functions to perform pattern substitution on variable values */ +/* */ +/****************************************************************/ + +char * +pat_subst (string, pat, rep, mflags) + char *string, *pat, *rep; + int mflags; +{ + char *ret, *s, *e, *str; + int rsize, rptr, l, replen, mtype; + + mtype = mflags & MATCH_TYPEMASK; + + /* Special cases: + * 1. A null pattern with mtype == MATCH_BEG means to prefix STRING + * with REP and return the result. + * 2. A null pattern with mtype == MATCH_END means to append REP to + * STRING and return the result. + */ + if ((pat == 0 || *pat == 0) && (mtype == MATCH_BEG || mtype == MATCH_END)) + { + replen = STRLEN (rep); + l = strlen (string); + ret = (char *)xmalloc (replen + l + 2); + if (replen == 0) + strcpy (ret, string); + else if (mtype == MATCH_BEG) + { + strcpy (ret, rep); + strcpy (ret + replen, string); + } + else + { + strcpy (ret, string); + strcpy (ret + l, rep); + } + return (ret); + } + + ret = (char *)xmalloc (rsize = 64); + ret[0] = '\0'; + + for (replen = STRLEN (rep), rptr = 0, str = string;;) + { + if (match_pattern (str, pat, mtype, &s, &e) == 0) + break; + l = s - str; + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, rptr, (l + replen), rsize, 64); + + /* OK, now copy the leading unmatched portion of the string (from + str to s) to ret starting at rptr (the current offset). Then copy + the replacement string at ret + rptr + (s - str). Increment + rptr (if necessary) and str and go on. */ + if (l) + { + strncpy (ret + rptr, str, l); + rptr += l; + } + if (replen) + { + strncpy (ret + rptr, rep, replen); + rptr += replen; + } + str = e; /* e == end of match */ + + if (((mflags & MATCH_GLOBREP) == 0) || mtype != MATCH_ANY) + break; + + if (s == e) + { + /* On a zero-length match, make sure we copy one character, since + we increment one character to avoid infinite recursion. */ + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, rptr, 1, rsize, 64); + ret[rptr++] = *str++; + e++; /* avoid infinite recursion on zero-length match */ + } + } + + /* Now copy the unmatched portion of the input string */ + if (*str) + { + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, rptr, STRLEN(str) + 1, rsize, 64); + strcpy (ret + rptr, str); + } + else + ret[rptr] = '\0'; + + return ret; +} + +/* Do pattern match and replacement on the positional parameters. */ +static char * +pos_params_pat_subst (string, pat, rep, mflags) + char *string, *pat, *rep; + int mflags; +{ + WORD_LIST *save, *params; + WORD_DESC *w; + char *ret; + int pchar, qflags; + + save = params = list_rest_of_args (); + if (save == 0) + return ((char *)NULL); + + for ( ; params; params = params->next) + { + ret = pat_subst (params->word->word, pat, rep, mflags); + w = alloc_word_desc (); + w->word = ret ? ret : savestring (""); + dispose_word (params->word); + params->word = w; + } + + pchar = (mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) == MATCH_STARSUB ? '*' : '@'; + qflags = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == MATCH_QUOTED ? Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES : 0; + +#if 0 + if ((mflags & (MATCH_QUOTED|MATCH_STARSUB)) == (MATCH_QUOTED|MATCH_STARSUB)) + ret = string_list_dollar_star (quote_list (save)); + else if ((mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) == MATCH_STARSUB) + ret = string_list_dollar_star (save); + else if ((mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == MATCH_QUOTED) + ret = string_list_dollar_at (save, qflags); + else + ret = string_list_dollar_star (save); +#else + ret = string_list_pos_params (pchar, save, qflags); +#endif + + dispose_words (save); + + return (ret); +} + +/* Perform pattern substitution on VALUE, which is the expansion of + VARNAME. PATSUB is an expression supplying the pattern to match + and the string to substitute. QUOTED is a flags word containing + the type of quoting currently in effect. */ +static char * +parameter_brace_patsub (varname, value, patsub, quoted) + char *varname, *value, *patsub; + int quoted; +{ + int vtype, mflags, starsub, delim; + char *val, *temp, *pat, *rep, *p, *lpatsub, *tt; + SHELL_VAR *v; + + if (value == 0) + return ((char *)NULL); + + this_command_name = varname; + + vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, quoted, &v, &val); + if (vtype == -1) + return ((char *)NULL); + + starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB; + vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB; + + mflags = 0; + if (patsub && *patsub == '/') + { + mflags |= MATCH_GLOBREP; + patsub++; + } + + /* Malloc this because expand_string_if_necessary or one of the expansion + functions in its call chain may free it on a substitution error. */ + lpatsub = savestring (patsub); + + if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) + mflags |= MATCH_QUOTED; + + if (starsub) + mflags |= MATCH_STARSUB; + + /* If the pattern starts with a `/', make sure we skip over it when looking + for the replacement delimiter. */ +#if 0 + if (rep = quoted_strchr ((*patsub == '/') ? lpatsub+1 : lpatsub, '/', ST_BACKSL)) + *rep++ = '\0'; + else + rep = (char *)NULL; +#else + delim = skip_to_delim (lpatsub, ((*patsub == '/') ? 1 : 0), "/", 0); + if (lpatsub[delim] == '/') + { + lpatsub[delim] = 0; + rep = lpatsub + delim + 1; + } + else + rep = (char *)NULL; +#endif + + if (rep && *rep == '\0') + rep = (char *)NULL; + + /* Perform the same expansions on the pattern as performed by the + pattern removal expansions. */ + pat = getpattern (lpatsub, quoted, 1); + + if (rep) + { + if ((mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0) + rep = expand_string_if_necessary (rep, quoted, expand_string_unsplit); + else + rep = expand_string_to_string_internal (rep, quoted, expand_string_unsplit); + } + + /* ksh93 doesn't allow the match specifier to be a part of the expanded + pattern. This is an extension. Make sure we don't anchor the pattern + at the beginning or end of the string if we're doing global replacement, + though. */ + p = pat; + if (mflags & MATCH_GLOBREP) + mflags |= MATCH_ANY; + else if (pat && pat[0] == '#') + { + mflags |= MATCH_BEG; + p++; + } + else if (pat && pat[0] == '%') + { + mflags |= MATCH_END; + p++; + } + else + mflags |= MATCH_ANY; + + /* OK, we now want to substitute REP for PAT in VAL. If + flags & MATCH_GLOBREP is non-zero, the substitution is done + everywhere, otherwise only the first occurrence of PAT is + replaced. The pattern matching code doesn't understand + CTLESC quoting CTLESC and CTLNUL so we use the dequoted variable + values passed in (VT_VARIABLE) so the pattern substitution + code works right. We need to requote special chars after + we're done for VT_VARIABLE and VT_ARRAYMEMBER, and for the + other cases if QUOTED == 0, since the posparams and arrays + indexed by * or @ do special things when QUOTED != 0. */ + + switch (vtype) + { + case VT_VARIABLE: + case VT_ARRAYMEMBER: + temp = pat_subst (val, p, rep, mflags); + if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE) + FREE (val); + if (temp) + { + tt = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) ? quote_string (temp) : quote_escapes (temp); + free (temp); + temp = tt; + } + break; + case VT_POSPARMS: + temp = pos_params_pat_subst (val, p, rep, mflags); + if (temp && (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0) + { + tt = quote_escapes (temp); + free (temp); + temp = tt; + } + break; +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + case VT_ARRAYVAR: + temp = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_patsub (assoc_cell (v), p, rep, mflags) + : array_patsub (array_cell (v), p, rep, mflags); + /* Don't call quote_escapes anymore; array_patsub calls + array_quote_escapes as appropriate before adding the + space separators; ditto for assoc_patsub. */ + break; +#endif + } + + FREE (pat); + FREE (rep); + free (lpatsub); + + return temp; +} + +/****************************************************************/ +/* */ +/* Functions to perform case modification on variable values */ +/* */ +/****************************************************************/ + +/* Do case modification on the positional parameters. */ + +static char * +pos_params_modcase (string, pat, modop, mflags) + char *string, *pat; + int modop; + int mflags; +{ + WORD_LIST *save, *params; + WORD_DESC *w; + char *ret; + int pchar, qflags; + + save = params = list_rest_of_args (); + if (save == 0) + return ((char *)NULL); + + for ( ; params; params = params->next) + { + ret = sh_modcase (params->word->word, pat, modop); + w = alloc_word_desc (); + w->word = ret ? ret : savestring (""); + dispose_word (params->word); + params->word = w; + } + + pchar = (mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) == MATCH_STARSUB ? '*' : '@'; + qflags = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == MATCH_QUOTED ? Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES : 0; + + ret = string_list_pos_params (pchar, save, qflags); + dispose_words (save); + + return (ret); +} + +/* Perform case modification on VALUE, which is the expansion of + VARNAME. MODSPEC is an expression supplying the type of modification + to perform. QUOTED is a flags word containing the type of quoting + currently in effect. */ +static char * +parameter_brace_casemod (varname, value, modspec, patspec, quoted) + char *varname, *value; + int modspec; + char *patspec; + int quoted; +{ + int vtype, starsub, modop, mflags, x; + char *val, *temp, *pat, *p, *lpat, *tt; + SHELL_VAR *v; + + if (value == 0) + return ((char *)NULL); + + this_command_name = varname; + + vtype = get_var_and_type (varname, value, quoted, &v, &val); + if (vtype == -1) + return ((char *)NULL); + + starsub = vtype & VT_STARSUB; + vtype &= ~VT_STARSUB; + + modop = 0; + mflags = 0; + if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) + mflags |= MATCH_QUOTED; + if (starsub) + mflags |= MATCH_STARSUB; + + p = patspec; + if (modspec == '^') + { + x = p && p[0] == modspec; + modop = x ? CASE_UPPER : CASE_UPFIRST; + p += x; + } + else if (modspec == ',') + { + x = p && p[0] == modspec; + modop = x ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_LOWFIRST; + p += x; + } + else if (modspec == '~') + { + x = p && p[0] == modspec; + modop = x ? CASE_TOGGLEALL : CASE_TOGGLE; + p += x; + } + + lpat = p ? savestring (p) : 0; + /* Perform the same expansions on the pattern as performed by the + pattern removal expansions. FOR LATER */ + pat = lpat ? getpattern (lpat, quoted, 1) : 0; + + /* OK, now we do the case modification. */ + switch (vtype) + { + case VT_VARIABLE: + case VT_ARRAYMEMBER: + temp = sh_modcase (val, pat, modop); + if (vtype == VT_VARIABLE) + FREE (val); + if (temp) + { + tt = (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) ? quote_string (temp) : quote_escapes (temp); + free (temp); + temp = tt; + } + break; + + case VT_POSPARMS: + temp = pos_params_modcase (val, pat, modop, mflags); + if (temp && (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) == 0) + { + tt = quote_escapes (temp); + free (temp); + temp = tt; + } + break; + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + case VT_ARRAYVAR: + temp = assoc_p (v) ? assoc_modcase (assoc_cell (v), pat, modop, mflags) + : array_modcase (array_cell (v), pat, modop, mflags); + /* Don't call quote_escapes; array_modcase calls array_quote_escapes + as appropriate before adding the space separators; ditto for + assoc_modcase. */ + break; +#endif + } + + FREE (pat); + free (lpat); + + return temp; +} + +/* Check for unbalanced parens in S, which is the contents of $(( ... )). If + any occur, this must be a nested command substitution, so return 0. + Otherwise, return 1. A valid arithmetic expression must always have a + ( before a matching ), so any cases where there are more right parens + means that this must not be an arithmetic expression, though the parser + will not accept it without a balanced total number of parens. */ +static int +chk_arithsub (s, len) + const char *s; + int len; +{ + int i, count; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + i = count = 0; + while (i < len) + { + if (s[i] == LPAREN) + count++; + else if (s[i] == RPAREN) + { + count--; + if (count < 0) + return 0; + } + + switch (s[i]) + { + default: + ADVANCE_CHAR (s, len, i); + break; + + case '\\': + i++; + if (s[i]) + ADVANCE_CHAR (s, len, i); + break; + + case '\'': + i = skip_single_quoted (s, len, ++i); + break; + + case '"': + i = skip_double_quoted ((char *)s, len, ++i); + break; + } + } + + return (count == 0); +} + +/****************************************************************/ +/* */ +/* Functions to perform parameter expansion on a string */ +/* */ +/****************************************************************/ + +/* ${[#][!]name[[:][^[^]][,[,]]#[#]%[%]-=?+[word][:e1[:e2]]]} */ +static WORD_DESC * +parameter_brace_expand (string, indexp, quoted, pflags, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at) + char *string; + int *indexp, quoted, *quoted_dollar_atp, *contains_dollar_at, pflags; +{ + int check_nullness, var_is_set, var_is_null, var_is_special; + int want_substring, want_indir, want_patsub, want_casemod; + char *name, *value, *temp, *temp1; + WORD_DESC *tdesc, *ret; + int t_index, sindex, c, tflag, modspec; + intmax_t number; + + temp = temp1 = value = (char *)NULL; + var_is_set = var_is_null = var_is_special = check_nullness = 0; + want_substring = want_indir = want_patsub = want_casemod = 0; + + sindex = *indexp; + t_index = ++sindex; + /* ${#var} doesn't have any of the other parameter expansions on it. */ + if (string[t_index] == '#' && legal_variable_starter (string[t_index+1])) /* {{ */ + name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "}", SX_VARNAME); + else +#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS) + /* To enable case-toggling expansions using the `~' operator character + change the 1 to 0. */ +# if defined (CASEMOD_CAPCASE) + name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%^,~:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME); +# else + name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%^,:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME); +# endif /* CASEMOD_CAPCASE */ +#else + name = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%:-=?+/}", SX_VARNAME); +#endif /* CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS */ + + ret = 0; + tflag = 0; + + /* If the name really consists of a special variable, then make sure + that we have the entire name. We don't allow indirect references + to special variables except `#', `?', `@' and `*'. */ + if ((sindex == t_index && + (string[t_index] == '-' || + string[t_index] == '?' || + string[t_index] == '#')) || + (sindex == t_index - 1 && string[sindex] == '!' && + (string[t_index] == '#' || + string[t_index] == '?' || + string[t_index] == '@' || + string[t_index] == '*'))) + { + t_index++; + free (name); + temp1 = string_extract (string, &t_index, "#%:-=?+/}", 0); + name = (char *)xmalloc (3 + (strlen (temp1))); + *name = string[sindex]; + if (string[sindex] == '!') + { + /* indirect reference of $#, $?, $@, or $* */ + name[1] = string[sindex + 1]; + strcpy (name + 2, temp1); + } + else + strcpy (name + 1, temp1); + free (temp1); + } + sindex = t_index; + + /* Find out what character ended the variable name. Then + do the appropriate thing. */ + if (c = string[sindex]) + sindex++; + + /* If c is followed by one of the valid parameter expansion + characters, move past it as normal. If not, assume that + a substring specification is being given, and do not move + past it. */ + if (c == ':' && VALID_PARAM_EXPAND_CHAR (string[sindex])) + { + check_nullness++; + if (c = string[sindex]) + sindex++; + } + else if (c == ':' && string[sindex] != RBRACE) + want_substring = 1; + else if (c == '/' && string[sindex] != RBRACE) + want_patsub = 1; +#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS) + else if (c == '^' || c == ',' || c == '~') + { + modspec = c; + want_casemod = 1; + } +#endif + + /* Catch the valid and invalid brace expressions that made it through the + tests above. */ + /* ${#-} is a valid expansion and means to take the length of $-. + Similarly for ${#?} and ${##}... */ + if (name[0] == '#' && name[1] == '\0' && check_nullness == 0 && + VALID_SPECIAL_LENGTH_PARAM (c) && string[sindex] == RBRACE) + { + name = (char *)xrealloc (name, 3); + name[1] = c; + name[2] = '\0'; + c = string[sindex++]; + } + + /* ...but ${#%}, ${#:}, ${#=}, ${#+}, and ${#/} are errors. */ + if (name[0] == '#' && name[1] == '\0' && check_nullness == 0 && + member (c, "%:=+/") && string[sindex] == RBRACE) + { + temp = (char *)NULL; + goto bad_substitution; + } + + /* Indirect expansion begins with a `!'. A valid indirect expansion is + either a variable name, one of the positional parameters or a special + variable that expands to one of the positional parameters. */ + want_indir = *name == '!' && + (legal_variable_starter ((unsigned char)name[1]) || DIGIT (name[1]) + || VALID_INDIR_PARAM (name[1])); + + /* Determine the value of this variable. */ + + /* Check for special variables, directly referenced. */ + if (SPECIAL_VAR (name, want_indir)) + var_is_special++; + + /* Check for special expansion things, like the length of a parameter */ + if (*name == '#' && name[1]) + { + /* If we are not pointing at the character just after the + closing brace, then we haven't gotten all of the name. + Since it begins with a special character, this is a bad + substitution. Also check NAME for validity before trying + to go on. */ + if (string[sindex - 1] != RBRACE || (valid_length_expression (name) == 0)) + { + temp = (char *)NULL; + goto bad_substitution; + } + + number = parameter_brace_expand_length (name); + free (name); + + *indexp = sindex; + if (number < 0) + return (&expand_wdesc_error); + else + { + ret = alloc_word_desc (); + ret->word = itos (number); + return ret; + } + } + + /* ${@} is identical to $@. */ + if (name[0] == '@' && name[1] == '\0') + { + if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp) + *quoted_dollar_atp = 1; + + if (contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 1; + } + + /* Process ${!PREFIX*} expansion. */ + if (want_indir && string[sindex - 1] == RBRACE && + (string[sindex - 2] == '*' || string[sindex - 2] == '@') && + legal_variable_starter ((unsigned char) name[1])) + { + char **x; + WORD_LIST *xlist; + + temp1 = savestring (name + 1); + number = strlen (temp1); + temp1[number - 1] = '\0'; + x = all_variables_matching_prefix (temp1); + xlist = strvec_to_word_list (x, 0, 0); + if (string[sindex - 2] == '*') + temp = string_list_dollar_star (xlist); + else + { + temp = string_list_dollar_at (xlist, quoted); + if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp) + *quoted_dollar_atp = 1; + if (contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 1; + } + free (x); + dispose_words (xlist); + free (temp1); + *indexp = sindex; + + ret = alloc_word_desc (); + ret->word = temp; + return ret; + } + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + /* Process ${!ARRAY[@]} and ${!ARRAY[*]} expansion. */ /* [ */ + if (want_indir && string[sindex - 1] == RBRACE && + string[sindex - 2] == ']' && valid_array_reference (name+1)) + { + char *x, *x1; + + temp1 = savestring (name + 1); + x = array_variable_name (temp1, &x1, (int *)0); /* [ */ + FREE (x); + if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (x1[0]) && x1[1] == ']') + { + temp = array_keys (temp1, quoted); /* handles assoc vars too */ + if (x1[0] == '@') + { + if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp) + *quoted_dollar_atp = 1; + if (contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 1; + } + + free (temp1); + *indexp = sindex; + + ret = alloc_word_desc (); + ret->word = temp; + return ret; + } + + free (temp1); + } +#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */ + + /* Make sure that NAME is valid before trying to go on. */ + if (valid_brace_expansion_word (want_indir ? name + 1 : name, + var_is_special) == 0) + { + temp = (char *)NULL; + goto bad_substitution; + } + + if (want_indir) + tdesc = parameter_brace_expand_indir (name + 1, var_is_special, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at); + else + tdesc = parameter_brace_expand_word (name, var_is_special, quoted, PF_IGNUNBOUND|(pflags&PF_NOSPLIT2)); + + if (tdesc) + { + temp = tdesc->word; + tflag = tdesc->flags; + dispose_word_desc (tdesc); + } + else + temp = (char *)0; + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + if (valid_array_reference (name)) + chk_atstar (name, quoted, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at); +#endif + + var_is_set = temp != (char *)0; + var_is_null = check_nullness && (var_is_set == 0 || *temp == 0); + + /* Get the rest of the stuff inside the braces. */ + if (c && c != RBRACE) + { + /* Extract the contents of the ${ ... } expansion + according to the Posix.2 rules. */ + value = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &sindex, quoted, 0); + if (string[sindex] == RBRACE) + sindex++; + else + goto bad_substitution; + } + else + value = (char *)NULL; + + *indexp = sindex; + + /* If this is a substring spec, process it and add the result. */ + if (want_substring) + { + temp1 = parameter_brace_substring (name, temp, value, quoted); + FREE (name); + FREE (value); + FREE (temp); + + if (temp1 == &expand_param_error) + return (&expand_wdesc_error); + else if (temp1 == &expand_param_fatal) + return (&expand_wdesc_fatal); + + ret = alloc_word_desc (); + ret->word = temp1; + if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))) + ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + return ret; + } + else if (want_patsub) + { + temp1 = parameter_brace_patsub (name, temp, value, quoted); + FREE (name); + FREE (value); + FREE (temp); + + if (temp1 == &expand_param_error) + return (&expand_wdesc_error); + else if (temp1 == &expand_param_fatal) + return (&expand_wdesc_fatal); + + ret = alloc_word_desc (); + ret->word = temp1; + ret = alloc_word_desc (); + ret->word = temp1; + if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))) + ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + return ret; + } +#if defined (CASEMOD_EXPANSIONS) + else if (want_casemod) + { + temp1 = parameter_brace_casemod (name, temp, modspec, value, quoted); + FREE (name); + FREE (value); + FREE (temp); + + if (temp1 == &expand_param_error) + return (&expand_wdesc_error); + else if (temp1 == &expand_param_fatal) + return (&expand_wdesc_fatal); + + ret = alloc_word_desc (); + ret->word = temp1; + if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))) + ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + return ret; + } +#endif + + /* Do the right thing based on which character ended the variable name. */ + switch (c) + { + default: + case '\0': + bad_substitution: + report_error (_("%s: bad substitution"), string ? string : "??"); + FREE (value); + FREE (temp); + free (name); + return &expand_wdesc_error; + + case RBRACE: + if (var_is_set == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && ((name[0] != '@' && name[0] != '*') || name[1])) + { + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + err_unboundvar (name); + FREE (value); + FREE (temp); + free (name); + return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal); + } + break; + + case '#': /* ${param#[#]pattern} */ + case '%': /* ${param%[%]pattern} */ + if (value == 0 || *value == '\0' || temp == 0 || *temp == '\0') + { + FREE (value); + break; + } + temp1 = parameter_brace_remove_pattern (name, temp, value, c, quoted); + free (temp); + free (value); + + ret = alloc_word_desc (); + ret->word = temp1; + if (temp1 && QUOTED_NULL (temp1) && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))) + ret->flags |= W_QUOTED|W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + return ret; + + case '-': + case '=': + case '?': + case '+': + if (var_is_set && var_is_null == 0) + { + /* If the operator is `+', we don't want the value of the named + variable for anything, just the value of the right hand side. */ + + if (c == '+') + { + /* XXX -- if we're double-quoted and the named variable is "$@", + we want to turn off any special handling of "$@" -- + we're not using it, so whatever is on the rhs applies. */ + if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp) + *quoted_dollar_atp = 0; + if (contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 0; + + FREE (temp); + if (value) + { + ret = parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, + quoted, + quoted_dollar_atp, + contains_dollar_at); + /* XXX - fix up later, esp. noting presence of + W_HASQUOTEDNULL in ret->flags */ + free (value); + } + else + temp = (char *)NULL; + } + else + { + FREE (value); + } + /* Otherwise do nothing; just use the value in TEMP. */ + } + else /* VAR not set or VAR is NULL. */ + { + FREE (temp); + temp = (char *)NULL; + if (c == '=' && var_is_special) + { + report_error (_("$%s: cannot assign in this way"), name); + free (name); + free (value); + return &expand_wdesc_error; + } + else if (c == '?') + { + parameter_brace_expand_error (name, value); + return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal); + } + else if (c != '+') + { + /* XXX -- if we're double-quoted and the named variable is "$@", + we want to turn off any special handling of "$@" -- + we're not using it, so whatever is on the rhs applies. */ + if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && quoted_dollar_atp) + *quoted_dollar_atp = 0; + if (contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 0; + + ret = parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, quoted, + quoted_dollar_atp, + contains_dollar_at); + /* XXX - fix up later, esp. noting presence of + W_HASQUOTEDNULL in tdesc->flags */ + } + free (value); + } + + break; + } + free (name); + + if (ret == 0) + { + ret = alloc_word_desc (); + ret->flags = tflag; + ret->word = temp; + } + return (ret); +} + +/* Expand a single ${xxx} expansion. The braces are optional. When + the braces are used, parameter_brace_expand() does the work, + possibly calling param_expand recursively. */ +static WORD_DESC * +param_expand (string, sindex, quoted, expanded_something, + contains_dollar_at, quoted_dollar_at_p, had_quoted_null_p, + pflags) + char *string; + int *sindex, quoted, *expanded_something, *contains_dollar_at; + int *quoted_dollar_at_p, *had_quoted_null_p, pflags; +{ + char *temp, *temp1, uerror[3]; + int zindex, t_index, expok; + unsigned char c; + intmax_t number; + SHELL_VAR *var; + WORD_LIST *list; + WORD_DESC *tdesc, *ret; + int tflag; + + zindex = *sindex; + c = string[++zindex]; + + temp = (char *)NULL; + ret = tdesc = (WORD_DESC *)NULL; + tflag = 0; + + /* Do simple cases first. Switch on what follows '$'. */ + switch (c) + { + /* $0 .. $9? */ + case '0': + case '1': + case '2': + case '3': + case '4': + case '5': + case '6': + case '7': + case '8': + case '9': + temp1 = dollar_vars[TODIGIT (c)]; + if (unbound_vars_is_error && temp1 == (char *)NULL) + { + uerror[0] = '$'; + uerror[1] = c; + uerror[2] = '\0'; + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + err_unboundvar (uerror); + return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal); + } + if (temp1) + temp = (*temp1 && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))) + ? quote_string (temp1) + : quote_escapes (temp1); + else + temp = (char *)NULL; + + break; + + /* $$ -- pid of the invoking shell. */ + case '$': + temp = itos (dollar_dollar_pid); + break; + + /* $# -- number of positional parameters. */ + case '#': + temp = itos (number_of_args ()); + break; + + /* $? -- return value of the last synchronous command. */ + case '?': + temp = itos (last_command_exit_value); + break; + + /* $- -- flags supplied to the shell on invocation or by `set'. */ + case '-': + temp = which_set_flags (); + break; + + /* $! -- Pid of the last asynchronous command. */ + case '!': + /* If no asynchronous pids have been created, expand to nothing. + If `set -u' has been executed, and no async processes have + been created, this is an expansion error. */ + if (last_asynchronous_pid == NO_PID) + { + if (expanded_something) + *expanded_something = 0; + temp = (char *)NULL; + if (unbound_vars_is_error) + { + uerror[0] = '$'; + uerror[1] = c; + uerror[2] = '\0'; + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + err_unboundvar (uerror); + return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal); + } + } + else + temp = itos (last_asynchronous_pid); + break; + + /* The only difference between this and $@ is when the arg is quoted. */ + case '*': /* `$*' */ + list = list_rest_of_args (); + +#if 0 + /* According to austin-group posix proposal by Geoff Clare in + <20090505091501.GA10097@squonk.masqnet> of 5 May 2009: + + "The shell shall write a message to standard error and + immediately exit when it tries to expand an unset parameter + other than the '@' and '*' special parameters." + */ + + if (list == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && (pflags & PF_IGNUNBOUND) == 0) + { + uerror[0] = '$'; + uerror[1] = '*'; + uerror[2] = '\0'; + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + err_unboundvar (uerror); + return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal); + } +#endif + + /* If there are no command-line arguments, this should just + disappear if there are other characters in the expansion, + even if it's quoted. */ + if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && list == 0) + temp = (char *)NULL; + else if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_PATQUOTE)) + { + /* If we have "$*" we want to make a string of the positional + parameters, separated by the first character of $IFS, and + quote the whole string, including the separators. If IFS + is unset, the parameters are separated by ' '; if $IFS is + null, the parameters are concatenated. */ + temp = (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_PATQUOTE)) ? string_list_dollar_star (list) : string_list (list); + temp1 = quote_string (temp); + if (*temp == 0) + tflag |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + free (temp); + temp = temp1; + } + else + { + /* We check whether or not we're eventually going to split $* here, + for example when IFS is empty and we are processing the rhs of + an assignment statement. In that case, we don't separate the + arguments at all. Otherwise, if the $* is not quoted it is + identical to $@ */ +#if 1 +# if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + if (expand_no_split_dollar_star && ifs_firstc[0] == 0) +# else + if (expand_no_split_dollar_star && ifs_firstc == 0) +# endif + temp = string_list_dollar_star (list); + else + temp = string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted); +#else + temp = string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted); +#endif + if (expand_no_split_dollar_star == 0 && contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 1; + } + + dispose_words (list); + break; + + /* When we have "$@" what we want is "$1" "$2" "$3" ... This + means that we have to turn quoting off after we split into + the individually quoted arguments so that the final split + on the first character of $IFS is still done. */ + case '@': /* `$@' */ + list = list_rest_of_args (); + +#if 0 + /* According to austin-group posix proposal by Geoff Clare in + <20090505091501.GA10097@squonk.masqnet> of 5 May 2009: + + "The shell shall write a message to standard error and + immediately exit when it tries to expand an unset parameter + other than the '@' and '*' special parameters." + */ + + if (list == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && (pflags & PF_IGNUNBOUND) == 0) + { + uerror[0] = '$'; + uerror[1] = '@'; + uerror[2] = '\0'; + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + err_unboundvar (uerror); + return (interactive_shell ? &expand_wdesc_error : &expand_wdesc_fatal); + } +#endif + + /* We want to flag the fact that we saw this. We can't turn + off quoting entirely, because other characters in the + string might need it (consider "\"$@\""), but we need some + way to signal that the final split on the first character + of $IFS should be done, even though QUOTED is 1. */ + /* XXX - should this test include Q_PATQUOTE? */ + if (quoted_dollar_at_p && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))) + *quoted_dollar_at_p = 1; + if (contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 1; + +#if 0 + if (pflags & PF_NOSPLIT2) + temp = string_list_internal (quoted ? quote_list (list) : list, " "); + else +#endif + /* We want to separate the positional parameters with the first + character of $IFS in case $IFS is something other than a space. + We also want to make sure that splitting is done no matter what -- + according to POSIX.2, this expands to a list of the positional + parameters no matter what IFS is set to. */ + temp = string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted); + + dispose_words (list); + break; + + case LBRACE: + tdesc = parameter_brace_expand (string, &zindex, quoted, pflags, + quoted_dollar_at_p, + contains_dollar_at); + + if (tdesc == &expand_wdesc_error || tdesc == &expand_wdesc_fatal) + return (tdesc); + temp = tdesc ? tdesc->word : (char *)0; + + /* XXX */ + /* Quoted nulls should be removed if there is anything else + in the string. */ + /* Note that we saw the quoted null so we can add one back at + the end of this function if there are no other characters + in the string, discard TEMP, and go on. The exception to + this is when we have "${@}" and $1 is '', since $@ needs + special handling. */ + if (tdesc && tdesc->word && (tdesc->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL) && QUOTED_NULL (temp)) + { + if (had_quoted_null_p) + *had_quoted_null_p = 1; + if (*quoted_dollar_at_p == 0) + { + free (temp); + tdesc->word = temp = (char *)NULL; + } + + } + + ret = tdesc; + goto return0; + + /* Do command or arithmetic substitution. */ + case LPAREN: + /* We have to extract the contents of this paren substitution. */ + t_index = zindex + 1; + temp = extract_command_subst (string, &t_index, 0); + zindex = t_index; + + /* For Posix.2-style `$(( ))' arithmetic substitution, + extract the expression and pass it to the evaluator. */ + if (temp && *temp == LPAREN) + { + char *temp2; + temp1 = temp + 1; + temp2 = savestring (temp1); + t_index = strlen (temp2) - 1; + + if (temp2[t_index] != RPAREN) + { + free (temp2); + goto comsub; + } + + /* Cut off ending `)' */ + temp2[t_index] = '\0'; + + if (chk_arithsub (temp2, t_index) == 0) + { + free (temp2); + goto comsub; + } + + /* Expand variables found inside the expression. */ + temp1 = expand_arith_string (temp2, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES); + free (temp2); + +arithsub: + /* No error messages. */ + this_command_name = (char *)NULL; + number = evalexp (temp1, &expok); + free (temp); + free (temp1); + if (expok == 0) + { + if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct) + { + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + return (&expand_wdesc_fatal); + } + else + return (&expand_wdesc_error); + } + temp = itos (number); + break; + } + +comsub: + if (pflags & PF_NOCOMSUB) + /* we need zindex+1 because string[zindex] == RPAREN */ + temp1 = substring (string, *sindex, zindex+1); + else + { + tdesc = command_substitute (temp, quoted); + temp1 = tdesc ? tdesc->word : (char *)NULL; + if (tdesc) + dispose_word_desc (tdesc); + } + FREE (temp); + temp = temp1; + break; + + /* Do POSIX.2d9-style arithmetic substitution. This will probably go + away in a future bash release. */ + case '[': + /* Extract the contents of this arithmetic substitution. */ + t_index = zindex + 1; + temp = extract_arithmetic_subst (string, &t_index); + zindex = t_index; + if (temp == 0) + { + temp = savestring (string); + if (expanded_something) + *expanded_something = 0; + goto return0; + } + + /* Do initial variable expansion. */ + temp1 = expand_arith_string (temp, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES); + + goto arithsub; + + default: + /* Find the variable in VARIABLE_LIST. */ + temp = (char *)NULL; + + for (t_index = zindex; (c = string[zindex]) && legal_variable_char (c); zindex++) + ; + temp1 = (zindex > t_index) ? substring (string, t_index, zindex) : (char *)NULL; + + /* If this isn't a variable name, then just output the `$'. */ + if (temp1 == 0 || *temp1 == '\0') + { + FREE (temp1); + temp = (char *)xmalloc (2); + temp[0] = '$'; + temp[1] = '\0'; + if (expanded_something) + *expanded_something = 0; + goto return0; + } + + /* If the variable exists, return its value cell. */ + var = find_variable (temp1); + + if (var && invisible_p (var) == 0 && var_isset (var)) + { +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + if (assoc_p (var) || array_p (var)) + { + temp = array_p (var) ? array_reference (array_cell (var), 0) + : assoc_reference (assoc_cell (var), "0"); + if (temp) + temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))) + ? quote_string (temp) + : quote_escapes (temp); + else if (unbound_vars_is_error) + goto unbound_variable; + } + else +#endif + { + temp = value_cell (var); + + temp = (*temp && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES))) + ? quote_string (temp) + : quote_escapes (temp); + } + + free (temp1); + + goto return0; + } + + temp = (char *)NULL; + +unbound_variable: + if (unbound_vars_is_error) + { + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + err_unboundvar (temp1); + } + else + { + free (temp1); + goto return0; + } + + free (temp1); + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + return ((unbound_vars_is_error && interactive_shell == 0) + ? &expand_wdesc_fatal + : &expand_wdesc_error); + } + + if (string[zindex]) + zindex++; + +return0: + *sindex = zindex; + + if (ret == 0) + { + ret = alloc_word_desc (); + ret->flags = tflag; /* XXX */ + ret->word = temp; + } + return ret; +} + +/* Make a word list which is the result of parameter and variable + expansion, command substitution, arithmetic substitution, and + quote removal of WORD. Return a pointer to a WORD_LIST which is + the result of the expansion. If WORD contains a null word, the + word list returned is also null. + + QUOTED contains flag values defined in shell.h. + + ISEXP is used to tell expand_word_internal that the word should be + treated as the result of an expansion. This has implications for + how IFS characters in the word are treated. + + CONTAINS_DOLLAR_AT and EXPANDED_SOMETHING are return values; when non-null + they point to an integer value which receives information about expansion. + CONTAINS_DOLLAR_AT gets non-zero if WORD contained "$@", else zero. + EXPANDED_SOMETHING get non-zero if WORD contained any parameter expansions, + else zero. + + This only does word splitting in the case of $@ expansion. In that + case, we split on ' '. */ + +/* Values for the local variable quoted_state. */ +#define UNQUOTED 0 +#define PARTIALLY_QUOTED 1 +#define WHOLLY_QUOTED 2 + +static WORD_LIST * +expand_word_internal (word, quoted, isexp, contains_dollar_at, expanded_something) + WORD_DESC *word; + int quoted, isexp; + int *contains_dollar_at; + int *expanded_something; +{ + WORD_LIST *list; + WORD_DESC *tword; + + /* The intermediate string that we build while expanding. */ + char *istring; + + /* The current size of the above object. */ + int istring_size; + + /* Index into ISTRING. */ + int istring_index; + + /* Temporary string storage. */ + char *temp, *temp1; + + /* The text of WORD. */ + register char *string; + + /* The size of STRING. */ + size_t string_size; + + /* The index into STRING. */ + int sindex; + + /* This gets 1 if we see a $@ while quoted. */ + int quoted_dollar_at; + + /* One of UNQUOTED, PARTIALLY_QUOTED, or WHOLLY_QUOTED, depending on + whether WORD contains no quoting characters, a partially quoted + string (e.g., "xx"ab), or is fully quoted (e.g., "xxab"). */ + int quoted_state; + + /* State flags */ + int had_quoted_null; + int has_dollar_at; + int tflag; + int pflags; /* flags passed to param_expand */ + + int assignoff; /* If assignment, offset of `=' */ + + register unsigned char c; /* Current character. */ + int t_index; /* For calls to string_extract_xxx. */ + + char twochars[2]; + + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + istring = (char *)xmalloc (istring_size = DEFAULT_INITIAL_ARRAY_SIZE); + istring[istring_index = 0] = '\0'; + quoted_dollar_at = had_quoted_null = has_dollar_at = 0; + quoted_state = UNQUOTED; + + string = word->word; + if (string == 0) + goto finished_with_string; + /* Don't need the string length for the SADD... and COPY_ macros unless + multibyte characters are possible. */ + string_size = (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) ? strlen (string) : 1; + + if (contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 0; + + assignoff = -1; + + /* Begin the expansion. */ + + for (sindex = 0; ;) + { + c = string[sindex]; + + /* Case on toplevel character. */ + switch (c) + { + case '\0': + goto finished_with_string; + + case CTLESC: + sindex++; +#if HANDLE_MULTIBYTE + if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && string[sindex]) + { + SADD_MBQCHAR_BODY(temp, string, sindex, string_size); + } + else +#endif + { + temp = (char *)xmalloc (3); + temp[0] = CTLESC; + temp[1] = c = string[sindex]; + temp[2] = '\0'; + } + +dollar_add_string: + if (string[sindex]) + sindex++; + +add_string: + if (temp) + { + istring = sub_append_string (temp, istring, &istring_index, &istring_size); + temp = (char *)0; + } + + break; + +#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) + /* Process substitution. */ + case '<': + case '>': + { + if (string[++sindex] != LPAREN || (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || (word->flags & (W_DQUOTE|W_NOPROCSUB)) || posixly_correct) + { + sindex--; /* add_character: label increments sindex */ + goto add_character; + } + else + t_index = sindex + 1; /* skip past both '<' and LPAREN */ + + temp1 = extract_process_subst (string, (c == '<') ? "<(" : ">(", &t_index); /*))*/ + sindex = t_index; + + /* If the process substitution specification is `<()', we want to + open the pipe for writing in the child and produce output; if + it is `>()', we want to open the pipe for reading in the child + and consume input. */ + temp = temp1 ? process_substitute (temp1, (c == '>')) : (char *)0; + + FREE (temp1); + + goto dollar_add_string; + } +#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */ + + case '=': + /* Posix.2 section 3.6.1 says that tildes following `=' in words + which are not assignment statements are not expanded. If the + shell isn't in posix mode, though, we perform tilde expansion + on `likely candidate' unquoted assignment statements (flags + include W_ASSIGNMENT but not W_QUOTED). A likely candidate + contains an unquoted :~ or =~. Something to think about: we + now have a flag that says to perform tilde expansion on arguments + to `assignment builtins' like declare and export that look like + assignment statements. We now do tilde expansion on such words + even in POSIX mode. */ + if (word->flags & (W_ASSIGNRHS|W_NOTILDE)) + { + if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c)) + goto add_ifs_character; + else + goto add_character; + } + /* If we're not in posix mode or forcing assignment-statement tilde + expansion, note where the `=' appears in the word and prepare to + do tilde expansion following the first `='. */ + if ((word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) && + (posixly_correct == 0 || (word->flags & W_TILDEEXP)) && + assignoff == -1 && sindex > 0) + assignoff = sindex; + if (sindex == assignoff && string[sindex+1] == '~') /* XXX */ + word->flags |= W_ITILDE; +#if 0 + else if ((word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) && + (posixly_correct == 0 || (word->flags & W_TILDEEXP)) && + string[sindex+1] == '~') + word->flags |= W_ITILDE; +#endif + if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c)) + goto add_ifs_character; + else + goto add_character; + + case ':': + if (word->flags & W_NOTILDE) + { + if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c)) + goto add_ifs_character; + else + goto add_character; + } + + if ((word->flags & (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_ASSIGNRHS|W_TILDEEXP)) && + string[sindex+1] == '~') + word->flags |= W_ITILDE; + + if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c)) + goto add_ifs_character; + else + goto add_character; + + case '~': + /* If the word isn't supposed to be tilde expanded, or we're not + at the start of a word or after an unquoted : or = in an + assignment statement, we don't do tilde expansion. */ + if ((word->flags & (W_NOTILDE|W_DQUOTE)) || + (sindex > 0 && ((word->flags & W_ITILDE) == 0)) || + (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))) + { + word->flags &= ~W_ITILDE; + if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c) && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) == 0) + goto add_ifs_character; + else + goto add_character; + } + + if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNRHS) + tflag = 2; + else if (word->flags & (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_TILDEEXP)) + tflag = 1; + else + tflag = 0; + + temp = bash_tilde_find_word (string + sindex, tflag, &t_index); + + word->flags &= ~W_ITILDE; + + if (temp && *temp && t_index > 0) + { + temp1 = bash_tilde_expand (temp, tflag); + if (temp1 && *temp1 == '~' && STREQ (temp, temp1)) + { + FREE (temp); + FREE (temp1); + goto add_character; /* tilde expansion failed */ + } + free (temp); + temp = temp1; + sindex += t_index; + goto add_quoted_string; /* XXX was add_string */ + } + else + { + FREE (temp); + goto add_character; + } + + case '$': + if (expanded_something) + *expanded_something = 1; + + has_dollar_at = 0; + pflags = (word->flags & W_NOCOMSUB) ? PF_NOCOMSUB : 0; + if (word->flags & W_NOSPLIT2) + pflags |= PF_NOSPLIT2; + tword = param_expand (string, &sindex, quoted, expanded_something, + &has_dollar_at, "ed_dollar_at, + &had_quoted_null, pflags); + + if (tword == &expand_wdesc_error || tword == &expand_wdesc_fatal) + { + free (string); + free (istring); + return ((tword == &expand_wdesc_error) ? &expand_word_error + : &expand_word_fatal); + } + if (contains_dollar_at && has_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 1; + + if (tword && (tword->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL)) + had_quoted_null = 1; + + temp = tword->word; + dispose_word_desc (tword); + + goto add_string; + break; + + case '`': /* Backquoted command substitution. */ + { + t_index = sindex++; + + temp = string_extract (string, &sindex, "`", SX_REQMATCH); + /* The test of sindex against t_index is to allow bare instances of + ` to pass through, for backwards compatibility. */ + if (temp == &extract_string_error || temp == &extract_string_fatal) + { + if (sindex - 1 == t_index) + { + sindex = t_index; + goto add_character; + } + report_error (_("bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s") , string+t_index); + free (string); + free (istring); + return ((temp == &extract_string_error) ? &expand_word_error + : &expand_word_fatal); + } + + if (expanded_something) + *expanded_something = 1; + + if (word->flags & W_NOCOMSUB) + /* sindex + 1 because string[sindex] == '`' */ + temp1 = substring (string, t_index, sindex + 1); + else + { + de_backslash (temp); + tword = command_substitute (temp, quoted); + temp1 = tword ? tword->word : (char *)NULL; + if (tword) + dispose_word_desc (tword); + } + FREE (temp); + temp = temp1; + goto dollar_add_string; + } + + case '\\': + if (string[sindex + 1] == '\n') + { + sindex += 2; + continue; + } + + c = string[++sindex]; + + if (quoted & Q_HERE_DOCUMENT) + tflag = CBSHDOC; + else if (quoted & Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES) + tflag = CBSDQUOTE; + else + tflag = 0; + + if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && ((sh_syntaxtab[c] & tflag) == 0)) + { + SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, '\\', c, string, sindex, string_size); + } + else if (c == 0) + { + c = CTLNUL; + sindex--; /* add_character: label increments sindex */ + goto add_character; + } + else + { + SCOPY_CHAR_I (twochars, CTLESC, c, string, sindex, string_size); + } + + sindex++; +add_twochars: + /* BEFORE jumping here, we need to increment sindex if appropriate */ + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 2, istring_size, + DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE); + istring[istring_index++] = twochars[0]; + istring[istring_index++] = twochars[1]; + istring[istring_index] = '\0'; + + break; + + case '"': +#if 0 + if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) || (word->flags & W_DQUOTE)) +#else + if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))) +#endif + goto add_character; + + t_index = ++sindex; + temp = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &sindex, 0); + + /* If the quotes surrounded the entire string, then the + whole word was quoted. */ + quoted_state = (t_index == 1 && string[sindex] == '\0') + ? WHOLLY_QUOTED + : PARTIALLY_QUOTED; + + if (temp && *temp) + { + tword = alloc_word_desc (); + tword->word = temp; + + temp = (char *)NULL; + + has_dollar_at = 0; + /* Need to get W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag through this function. */ + list = expand_word_internal (tword, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, 0, &has_dollar_at, (int *)NULL); + + if (list == &expand_word_error || list == &expand_word_fatal) + { + free (istring); + free (string); + /* expand_word_internal has already freed temp_word->word + for us because of the way it prints error messages. */ + tword->word = (char *)NULL; + dispose_word (tword); + return list; + } + + dispose_word (tword); + + /* "$@" (a double-quoted dollar-at) expands into nothing, + not even a NULL word, when there are no positional + parameters. */ + if (list == 0 && has_dollar_at) + { + quoted_dollar_at++; + break; + } + + /* If we get "$@", we know we have expanded something, so we + need to remember it for the final split on $IFS. This is + a special case; it's the only case where a quoted string + can expand into more than one word. It's going to come back + from the above call to expand_word_internal as a list with + a single word, in which all characters are quoted and + separated by blanks. What we want to do is to turn it back + into a list for the next piece of code. */ + if (list) + dequote_list (list); + + if (list && list->word && (list->word->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL)) + had_quoted_null = 1; + + if (has_dollar_at) + { + quoted_dollar_at++; + if (contains_dollar_at) + *contains_dollar_at = 1; + if (expanded_something) + *expanded_something = 1; + } + } + else + { + /* What we have is "". This is a minor optimization. */ + FREE (temp); + list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + } + + /* The code above *might* return a list (consider the case of "$@", + where it returns "$1", "$2", etc.). We can't throw away the + rest of the list, and we have to make sure each word gets added + as quoted. We test on tresult->next: if it is non-NULL, we + quote the whole list, save it to a string with string_list, and + add that string. We don't need to quote the results of this + (and it would be wrong, since that would quote the separators + as well), so we go directly to add_string. */ + if (list) + { + if (list->next) + { +#if 0 + if (quoted_dollar_at && word->flags & W_NOSPLIT2) + temp = string_list_internal (quote_list (list), " "); + else +#endif + /* Testing quoted_dollar_at makes sure that "$@" is + split correctly when $IFS does not contain a space. */ + temp = quoted_dollar_at + ? string_list_dollar_at (list, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES) + : string_list (quote_list (list)); + dispose_words (list); + goto add_string; + } + else + { + temp = savestring (list->word->word); + tflag = list->word->flags; + dispose_words (list); + + /* If the string is not a quoted null string, we want + to remove any embedded unquoted CTLNUL characters. + We do not want to turn quoted null strings back into + the empty string, though. We do this because we + want to remove any quoted nulls from expansions that + contain other characters. For example, if we have + x"$*"y or "x$*y" and there are no positional parameters, + the $* should expand into nothing. */ + /* We use the W_HASQUOTEDNULL flag to differentiate the + cases: a quoted null character as above and when + CTLNUL is contained in the (non-null) expansion + of some variable. We use the had_quoted_null flag to + pass the value through this function to its caller. */ + if ((tflag & W_HASQUOTEDNULL) && QUOTED_NULL (temp) == 0) + remove_quoted_nulls (temp); /* XXX */ + } + } + else + temp = (char *)NULL; + + /* We do not want to add quoted nulls to strings that are only + partially quoted; we can throw them away. */ + if (temp == 0 && quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED) + continue; + + add_quoted_string: + + if (temp) + { + temp1 = temp; + temp = quote_string (temp); + free (temp1); + goto add_string; + } + else + { + /* Add NULL arg. */ + c = CTLNUL; + sindex--; /* add_character: label increments sindex */ + goto add_character; + } + + /* break; */ + + case '\'': +#if 0 + if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) || (word->flags & W_DQUOTE)) +#else + if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))) +#endif + goto add_character; + + t_index = ++sindex; + temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &sindex); + + /* If the entire STRING was surrounded by single quotes, + then the string is wholly quoted. */ + quoted_state = (t_index == 1 && string[sindex] == '\0') + ? WHOLLY_QUOTED + : PARTIALLY_QUOTED; + + /* If all we had was '', it is a null expansion. */ + if (*temp == '\0') + { + free (temp); + temp = (char *)NULL; + } + else + remove_quoted_escapes (temp); /* ??? */ + + /* We do not want to add quoted nulls to strings that are only + partially quoted; such nulls are discarded. */ + if (temp == 0 && (quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED)) + continue; + + /* If we have a quoted null expansion, add a quoted NULL to istring. */ + if (temp == 0) + { + c = CTLNUL; + sindex--; /* add_character: label increments sindex */ + goto add_character; + } + else + goto add_quoted_string; + + /* break; */ + + default: + /* This is the fix for " $@ " */ + add_ifs_character: + if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || (isexp == 0 && isifs (c))) + { + if (string[sindex]) /* from old goto dollar_add_string */ + sindex++; + if (c == 0) + { + c = CTLNUL; + goto add_character; + } + else + { +#if HANDLE_MULTIBYTE + if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) + sindex--; + + if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) + { + SADD_MBQCHAR_BODY(temp, string, sindex, string_size); + } + else +#endif + { + twochars[0] = CTLESC; + twochars[1] = c; + goto add_twochars; + } + } + } + + SADD_MBCHAR (temp, string, sindex, string_size); + + add_character: + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (istring, istring_index, 1, istring_size, + DEFAULT_ARRAY_SIZE); + istring[istring_index++] = c; + istring[istring_index] = '\0'; + + /* Next character. */ + sindex++; + } + } + +finished_with_string: + /* OK, we're ready to return. If we have a quoted string, and + quoted_dollar_at is not set, we do no splitting at all; otherwise + we split on ' '. The routines that call this will handle what to + do if nothing has been expanded. */ + + /* Partially and wholly quoted strings which expand to the empty + string are retained as an empty arguments. Unquoted strings + which expand to the empty string are discarded. The single + exception is the case of expanding "$@" when there are no + positional parameters. In that case, we discard the expansion. */ + + /* Because of how the code that handles "" and '' in partially + quoted strings works, we need to make ISTRING into a QUOTED_NULL + if we saw quoting characters, but the expansion was empty. + "" and '' are tossed away before we get to this point when + processing partially quoted strings. This makes "" and $xxx"" + equivalent when xxx is unset. We also look to see whether we + saw a quoted null from a ${} expansion and add one back if we + need to. */ + + /* If we expand to nothing and there were no single or double quotes + in the word, we throw it away. Otherwise, we return a NULL word. + The single exception is for $@ surrounded by double quotes when + there are no positional parameters. In that case, we also throw + the word away. */ + + if (*istring == '\0') + { + if (quoted_dollar_at == 0 && (had_quoted_null || quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED)) + { + istring[0] = CTLNUL; + istring[1] = '\0'; + tword = make_bare_word (istring); + tword->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; /* XXX */ + list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); + if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) + tword->flags |= W_QUOTED; + } + /* According to sh, ksh, and Posix.2, if a word expands into nothing + and a double-quoted "$@" appears anywhere in it, then the entire + word is removed. */ + else if (quoted_state == UNQUOTED || quoted_dollar_at) + list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; +#if 0 + else + { + tword = make_bare_word (istring); + if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) + tword->flags |= W_QUOTED; + list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); + } +#else + else + list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; +#endif + } + else if (word->flags & W_NOSPLIT) + { + tword = make_bare_word (istring); + if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) + tword->flags |= W_ASSIGNMENT; /* XXX */ + if (word->flags & W_COMPASSIGN) + tword->flags |= W_COMPASSIGN; /* XXX */ + if (word->flags & W_NOGLOB) + tword->flags |= W_NOGLOB; /* XXX */ + if (word->flags & W_NOEXPAND) + tword->flags |= W_NOEXPAND; /* XXX */ + if (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) + tword->flags |= W_QUOTED; + if (had_quoted_null) + tword->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; + list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); + } + else + { + char *ifs_chars; + + ifs_chars = (quoted_dollar_at || has_dollar_at) ? ifs_value : (char *)NULL; + + /* If we have $@, we need to split the results no matter what. If + IFS is unset or NULL, string_list_dollar_at has separated the + positional parameters with a space, so we split on space (we have + set ifs_chars to " \t\n" above if ifs is unset). If IFS is set, + string_list_dollar_at has separated the positional parameters + with the first character of $IFS, so we split on $IFS. */ + if (has_dollar_at && ifs_chars) + list = list_string (istring, *ifs_chars ? ifs_chars : " ", 1); + else + { + tword = make_bare_word (istring); + if ((quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) || (quoted_state == WHOLLY_QUOTED)) + tword->flags |= W_QUOTED; + if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) + tword->flags |= W_ASSIGNMENT; + if (word->flags & W_COMPASSIGN) + tword->flags |= W_COMPASSIGN; + if (word->flags & W_NOGLOB) + tword->flags |= W_NOGLOB; + if (word->flags & W_NOEXPAND) + tword->flags |= W_NOEXPAND; + if (had_quoted_null) + tword->flags |= W_HASQUOTEDNULL; /* XXX */ + list = make_word_list (tword, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); + } + } + + free (istring); + return (list); +} + +/* **************************************************************** */ +/* */ +/* Functions for Quote Removal */ +/* */ +/* **************************************************************** */ + +/* Perform quote removal on STRING. If QUOTED > 0, assume we are obeying the + backslash quoting rules for within double quotes or a here document. */ +char * +string_quote_removal (string, quoted) + char *string; + int quoted; +{ + size_t slen; + char *r, *result_string, *temp, *send; + int sindex, tindex, dquote; + unsigned char c; + DECLARE_MBSTATE; + + /* The result can be no longer than the original string. */ + slen = strlen (string); + send = string + slen; + + r = result_string = (char *)xmalloc (slen + 1); + + for (dquote = sindex = 0; c = string[sindex];) + { + switch (c) + { + case '\\': + c = string[++sindex]; + if (c == 0) + { + *r++ = '\\'; + break; + } + if (((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || dquote) && (sh_syntaxtab[c] & CBSDQUOTE) == 0) + *r++ = '\\'; + /* FALLTHROUGH */ + + default: + SCOPY_CHAR_M (r, string, send, sindex); + break; + + case '\'': + if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) || dquote) + { + *r++ = c; + sindex++; + break; + } + tindex = sindex + 1; + temp = string_extract_single_quoted (string, &tindex); + if (temp) + { + strcpy (r, temp); + r += strlen (r); + free (temp); + } + sindex = tindex; + break; + + case '"': + dquote = 1 - dquote; + sindex++; + break; + } + } + *r = '\0'; + return (result_string); +} + +#if 0 +/* UNUSED */ +/* Perform quote removal on word WORD. This allocates and returns a new + WORD_DESC *. */ +WORD_DESC * +word_quote_removal (word, quoted) + WORD_DESC *word; + int quoted; +{ + WORD_DESC *w; + char *t; + + t = string_quote_removal (word->word, quoted); + w = alloc_word_desc (); + w->word = t ? t : savestring (""); + return (w); +} + +/* Perform quote removal on all words in LIST. If QUOTED is non-zero, + the members of the list are treated as if they are surrounded by + double quotes. Return a new list, or NULL if LIST is NULL. */ +WORD_LIST * +word_list_quote_removal (list, quoted) + WORD_LIST *list; + int quoted; +{ + WORD_LIST *result, *t, *tresult, *e; + + for (t = list, result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; t; t = t->next) + { + tresult = make_word_list (word_quote_removal (t->word, quoted), (WORD_LIST *)NULL); +#if 0 + result = (WORD_LIST *) list_append (result, tresult); +#else + if (result == 0) + result = e = tresult; + else + { + e->next = tresult; + while (e->next) + e = e->next; + } +#endif + } + return (result); +} +#endif + +/******************************************* + * * + * Functions to perform word splitting * + * * + *******************************************/ + +void +setifs (v) + SHELL_VAR *v; +{ + char *t; + unsigned char uc; + + ifs_var = v; + ifs_value = (v && value_cell (v)) ? value_cell (v) : " \t\n"; + + /* Should really merge ifs_cmap with sh_syntaxtab. XXX - doesn't yet + handle multibyte chars in IFS */ + memset (ifs_cmap, '\0', sizeof (ifs_cmap)); + for (t = ifs_value ; t && *t; t++) + { + uc = *t; + ifs_cmap[uc] = 1; + } + +#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) + if (ifs_value == 0) + { + ifs_firstc[0] = '\0'; + ifs_firstc_len = 1; + } + else + { + size_t ifs_len; + ifs_len = strnlen (ifs_value, MB_CUR_MAX); + ifs_firstc_len = MBLEN (ifs_value, ifs_len); + if (ifs_firstc_len == 1 || ifs_firstc_len == 0 || MB_INVALIDCH (ifs_firstc_len)) + { + ifs_firstc[0] = ifs_value[0]; + ifs_firstc[1] = '\0'; + ifs_firstc_len = 1; + } + else + memcpy (ifs_firstc, ifs_value, ifs_firstc_len); + } +#else + ifs_firstc = ifs_value ? *ifs_value : 0; +#endif +} + +char * +getifs () +{ + return ifs_value; +} + +/* This splits a single word into a WORD LIST on $IFS, but only if the word + is not quoted. list_string () performs quote removal for us, even if we + don't do any splitting. */ +WORD_LIST * +word_split (w, ifs_chars) + WORD_DESC *w; + char *ifs_chars; +{ + WORD_LIST *result; + + if (w) + { + char *xifs; + + xifs = ((w->flags & W_QUOTED) || ifs_chars == 0) ? "" : ifs_chars; + result = list_string (w->word, xifs, w->flags & W_QUOTED); + } + else + result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + + return (result); +} + +/* Perform word splitting on LIST and return the RESULT. It is possible + to return (WORD_LIST *)NULL. */ +static WORD_LIST * +word_list_split (list) + WORD_LIST *list; +{ + WORD_LIST *result, *t, *tresult, *e; + + for (t = list, result = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; t; t = t->next) + { + tresult = word_split (t->word, ifs_value); + if (result == 0) + result = e = tresult; + else + { + e->next = tresult; + while (e->next) + e = e->next; + } + } + return (result); +} + +/************************************************** + * * + * Functions to expand an entire WORD_LIST * + * * + **************************************************/ + +/* Do any word-expansion-specific cleanup and jump to top_level */ +static void +exp_jump_to_top_level (v) + int v; +{ + set_pipestatus_from_exit (last_command_exit_value); + + /* Cleanup code goes here. */ + expand_no_split_dollar_star = 0; /* XXX */ + expanding_redir = 0; + assigning_in_environment = 0; + + if (parse_and_execute_level == 0) + top_level_cleanup (); /* from sig.c */ + + jump_to_top_level (v); +} + +/* Put NLIST (which is a WORD_LIST * of only one element) at the front of + ELIST, and set ELIST to the new list. */ +#define PREPEND_LIST(nlist, elist) \ + do { nlist->next = elist; elist = nlist; } while (0) + +/* Separate out any initial variable assignments from TLIST. If set -k has + been executed, remove all assignment statements from TLIST. Initial + variable assignments and other environment assignments are placed + on SUBST_ASSIGN_VARLIST. */ +static WORD_LIST * +separate_out_assignments (tlist) + WORD_LIST *tlist; +{ + register WORD_LIST *vp, *lp; + + if (tlist == 0) + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + + if (subst_assign_varlist) + dispose_words (subst_assign_varlist); /* Clean up after previous error */ + + subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + vp = lp = tlist; + + /* Separate out variable assignments at the start of the command. + Loop invariant: vp->next == lp + Loop postcondition: + lp = list of words left after assignment statements skipped + tlist = original list of words + */ + while (lp && (lp->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT)) + { + vp = lp; + lp = lp->next; + } + + /* If lp != tlist, we have some initial assignment statements. + We make SUBST_ASSIGN_VARLIST point to the list of assignment + words and TLIST point to the remaining words. */ + if (lp != tlist) + { + subst_assign_varlist = tlist; + /* ASSERT(vp->next == lp); */ + vp->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; /* terminate variable list */ + tlist = lp; /* remainder of word list */ + } + + /* vp == end of variable list */ + /* tlist == remainder of original word list without variable assignments */ + if (!tlist) + /* All the words in tlist were assignment statements */ + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + + /* ASSERT(tlist != NULL); */ + /* ASSERT((tlist->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) == 0); */ + + /* If the -k option is in effect, we need to go through the remaining + words, separate out the assignment words, and place them on + SUBST_ASSIGN_VARLIST. */ + if (place_keywords_in_env) + { + WORD_LIST *tp; /* tp == running pointer into tlist */ + + tp = tlist; + lp = tlist->next; + + /* Loop Invariant: tp->next == lp */ + /* Loop postcondition: tlist == word list without assignment statements */ + while (lp) + { + if (lp->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) + { + /* Found an assignment statement, add this word to end of + subst_assign_varlist (vp). */ + if (!subst_assign_varlist) + subst_assign_varlist = vp = lp; + else + { + vp->next = lp; + vp = lp; + } + + /* Remove the word pointed to by LP from TLIST. */ + tp->next = lp->next; + /* ASSERT(vp == lp); */ + lp->next = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + lp = tp->next; + } + else + { + tp = lp; + lp = lp->next; + } + } + } + return (tlist); +} + +#define WEXP_VARASSIGN 0x001 +#define WEXP_BRACEEXP 0x002 +#define WEXP_TILDEEXP 0x004 +#define WEXP_PARAMEXP 0x008 +#define WEXP_PATHEXP 0x010 + +/* All of the expansions, including variable assignments at the start of + the list. */ +#define WEXP_ALL (WEXP_VARASSIGN|WEXP_BRACEEXP|WEXP_TILDEEXP|WEXP_PARAMEXP|WEXP_PATHEXP) + +/* All of the expansions except variable assignments at the start of + the list. */ +#define WEXP_NOVARS (WEXP_BRACEEXP|WEXP_TILDEEXP|WEXP_PARAMEXP|WEXP_PATHEXP) + +/* All of the `shell expansions': brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter + expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, word splitting, and + quote removal. */ +#define WEXP_SHELLEXP (WEXP_BRACEEXP|WEXP_TILDEEXP|WEXP_PARAMEXP) + +/* Take the list of words in LIST and do the various substitutions. Return + a new list of words which is the expanded list, and without things like + variable assignments. */ + +WORD_LIST * +expand_words (list) + WORD_LIST *list; +{ + return (expand_word_list_internal (list, WEXP_ALL)); +} + +/* Same as expand_words (), but doesn't hack variable or environment + variables. */ +WORD_LIST * +expand_words_no_vars (list) + WORD_LIST *list; +{ + return (expand_word_list_internal (list, WEXP_NOVARS)); +} + +WORD_LIST * +expand_words_shellexp (list) + WORD_LIST *list; +{ + return (expand_word_list_internal (list, WEXP_SHELLEXP)); +} + +static WORD_LIST * +glob_expand_word_list (tlist, eflags) + WORD_LIST *tlist; + int eflags; +{ + char **glob_array, *temp_string; + register int glob_index; + WORD_LIST *glob_list, *output_list, *disposables, *next; + WORD_DESC *tword; + + output_list = disposables = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + glob_array = (char **)NULL; + while (tlist) + { + /* For each word, either globbing is attempted or the word is + added to orig_list. If globbing succeeds, the results are + added to orig_list and the word (tlist) is added to the list + of disposable words. If globbing fails and failed glob + expansions are left unchanged (the shell default), the + original word is added to orig_list. If globbing fails and + failed glob expansions are removed, the original word is + added to the list of disposable words. orig_list ends up + in reverse order and requires a call to REVERSE_LIST to + be set right. After all words are examined, the disposable + words are freed. */ + next = tlist->next; + + /* If the word isn't an assignment and contains an unquoted + pattern matching character, then glob it. */ + if ((tlist->word->flags & W_NOGLOB) == 0 && + unquoted_glob_pattern_p (tlist->word->word)) + { + glob_array = shell_glob_filename (tlist->word->word); + + /* Handle error cases. + I don't think we should report errors like "No such file + or directory". However, I would like to report errors + like "Read failed". */ + + if (glob_array == 0 || GLOB_FAILED (glob_array)) + { + glob_array = (char **)xmalloc (sizeof (char *)); + glob_array[0] = (char *)NULL; + } + + /* Dequote the current word in case we have to use it. */ + if (glob_array[0] == NULL) + { + temp_string = dequote_string (tlist->word->word); + free (tlist->word->word); + tlist->word->word = temp_string; + } + + /* Make the array into a word list. */ + glob_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + for (glob_index = 0; glob_array[glob_index]; glob_index++) + { + tword = make_bare_word (glob_array[glob_index]); + tword->flags |= W_GLOBEXP; /* XXX */ + glob_list = make_word_list (tword, glob_list); + } + + if (glob_list) + { + output_list = (WORD_LIST *)list_append (glob_list, output_list); + PREPEND_LIST (tlist, disposables); + } + else if (fail_glob_expansion != 0) + { + report_error (_("no match: %s"), tlist->word->word); + exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD); + } + else if (allow_null_glob_expansion == 0) + { + /* Failed glob expressions are left unchanged. */ + PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list); + } + else + { + /* Failed glob expressions are removed. */ + PREPEND_LIST (tlist, disposables); + } + } + else + { + /* Dequote the string. */ + temp_string = dequote_string (tlist->word->word); + free (tlist->word->word); + tlist->word->word = temp_string; + PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list); + } + + strvec_dispose (glob_array); + glob_array = (char **)NULL; + + tlist = next; + } + + if (disposables) + dispose_words (disposables); + + if (output_list) + output_list = REVERSE_LIST (output_list, WORD_LIST *); + + return (output_list); +} + +#if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION) +static WORD_LIST * +brace_expand_word_list (tlist, eflags) + WORD_LIST *tlist; + int eflags; +{ + register char **expansions; + char *temp_string; + WORD_LIST *disposables, *output_list, *next; + WORD_DESC *w; + int eindex; + + for (disposables = output_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; tlist; tlist = next) + { + next = tlist->next; + + if ((tlist->word->flags & (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG)) == (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG)) + { +/*itrace("brace_expand_word_list: %s: W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG", tlist->word->word);*/ + PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list); + continue; + } + + /* Only do brace expansion if the word has a brace character. If + not, just add the word list element to BRACES and continue. In + the common case, at least when running shell scripts, this will + degenerate to a bunch of calls to `mbschr', and then what is + basically a reversal of TLIST into BRACES, which is corrected + by a call to REVERSE_LIST () on BRACES when the end of TLIST + is reached. */ + if (mbschr (tlist->word->word, LBRACE)) + { + expansions = brace_expand (tlist->word->word); + + for (eindex = 0; temp_string = expansions[eindex]; eindex++) + { + w = make_word (temp_string); + /* If brace expansion didn't change the word, preserve + the flags. We may want to preserve the flags + unconditionally someday -- XXX */ + if (STREQ (temp_string, tlist->word->word)) + w->flags = tlist->word->flags; + output_list = make_word_list (w, output_list); + free (expansions[eindex]); + } + free (expansions); + + /* Add TLIST to the list of words to be freed after brace + expansion has been performed. */ + PREPEND_LIST (tlist, disposables); + } + else + PREPEND_LIST (tlist, output_list); + } + + if (disposables) + dispose_words (disposables); + + if (output_list) + output_list = REVERSE_LIST (output_list, WORD_LIST *); + + return (output_list); +} +#endif + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) +/* Take WORD, a compound associative array assignment, and internally run + 'declare -A w', where W is the variable name portion of WORD. */ +static int +make_internal_declare (word, option) + char *word; + char *option; +{ + int t; + WORD_LIST *wl; + WORD_DESC *w; + + w = make_word (word); + + t = assignment (w->word, 0); + w->word[t] = '\0'; + + wl = make_word_list (w, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); + wl = make_word_list (make_word (option), wl); + + return (declare_builtin (wl)); +} +#endif + +static WORD_LIST * +shell_expand_word_list (tlist, eflags) + WORD_LIST *tlist; + int eflags; +{ + WORD_LIST *expanded, *orig_list, *new_list, *next, *temp_list; + int expanded_something, has_dollar_at; + char *temp_string; + + /* We do tilde expansion all the time. This is what 1003.2 says. */ + new_list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + for (orig_list = tlist; tlist; tlist = next) + { + temp_string = tlist->word->word; + + next = tlist->next; + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + /* If this is a compound array assignment to a builtin that accepts + such assignments (e.g., `declare'), take the assignment and perform + it separately, handling the semantics of declarations inside shell + functions. This avoids the double-evaluation of such arguments, + because `declare' does some evaluation of compound assignments on + its own. */ + if ((tlist->word->flags & (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG)) == (W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG)) + { + int t; + + if (tlist->word->flags & W_ASSIGNASSOC) + make_internal_declare (tlist->word->word, "-A"); + + t = do_word_assignment (tlist->word); + if (t == 0) + { + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD); + } + + /* Now transform the word as ksh93 appears to do and go on */ + t = assignment (tlist->word->word, 0); + tlist->word->word[t] = '\0'; + tlist->word->flags &= ~(W_ASSIGNMENT|W_NOSPLIT|W_COMPASSIGN|W_ASSIGNARG|W_ASSIGNASSOC); + } +#endif + + expanded_something = 0; + expanded = expand_word_internal + (tlist->word, 0, 0, &has_dollar_at, &expanded_something); + + if (expanded == &expand_word_error || expanded == &expand_word_fatal) + { + /* By convention, each time this error is returned, + tlist->word->word has already been freed. */ + tlist->word->word = (char *)NULL; + + /* Dispose our copy of the original list. */ + dispose_words (orig_list); + /* Dispose the new list we're building. */ + dispose_words (new_list); + + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + if (expanded == &expand_word_error) + exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD); + else + exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF); + } + + /* Don't split words marked W_NOSPLIT. */ + if (expanded_something && (tlist->word->flags & W_NOSPLIT) == 0) + { + temp_list = word_list_split (expanded); + dispose_words (expanded); + } + else + { + /* If no parameter expansion, command substitution, process + substitution, or arithmetic substitution took place, then + do not do word splitting. We still have to remove quoted + null characters from the result. */ + word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (expanded); + temp_list = expanded; + } + + expanded = REVERSE_LIST (temp_list, WORD_LIST *); + new_list = (WORD_LIST *)list_append (expanded, new_list); + } + + if (orig_list) + dispose_words (orig_list); + + if (new_list) + new_list = REVERSE_LIST (new_list, WORD_LIST *); + + return (new_list); +} + +/* The workhorse for expand_words () and expand_words_no_vars (). + First arg is LIST, a WORD_LIST of words. + Second arg EFLAGS is a flags word controlling which expansions are + performed. + + This does all of the substitutions: brace expansion, tilde expansion, + parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, + process substitution, word splitting, and pathname expansion, according + to the bits set in EFLAGS. Words with the W_QUOTED or W_NOSPLIT bits + set, or for which no expansion is done, do not undergo word splitting. + Words with the W_NOGLOB bit set do not undergo pathname expansion. */ +static WORD_LIST * +expand_word_list_internal (list, eflags) + WORD_LIST *list; + int eflags; +{ + WORD_LIST *new_list, *temp_list; + int tint; + + if (list == 0) + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + + garglist = new_list = copy_word_list (list); + if (eflags & WEXP_VARASSIGN) + { + garglist = new_list = separate_out_assignments (new_list); + if (new_list == 0) + { + if (subst_assign_varlist) + { + /* All the words were variable assignments, so they are placed + into the shell's environment. */ + for (temp_list = subst_assign_varlist; temp_list; temp_list = temp_list->next) + { + this_command_name = (char *)NULL; /* no arithmetic errors */ + tint = do_word_assignment (temp_list->word); + /* Variable assignment errors in non-interactive shells + running in Posix.2 mode cause the shell to exit. */ + if (tint == 0) + { + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct) + exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF); + else + exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD); + } + } + dispose_words (subst_assign_varlist); + subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + } + return ((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + } + } + + /* Begin expanding the words that remain. The expansions take place on + things that aren't really variable assignments. */ + +#if defined (BRACE_EXPANSION) + /* Do brace expansion on this word if there are any brace characters + in the string. */ + if ((eflags & WEXP_BRACEEXP) && brace_expansion && new_list) + new_list = brace_expand_word_list (new_list, eflags); +#endif /* BRACE_EXPANSION */ + + /* Perform the `normal' shell expansions: tilde expansion, parameter and + variable substitution, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, + and word splitting. */ + new_list = shell_expand_word_list (new_list, eflags); + + /* Okay, we're almost done. Now let's just do some filename + globbing. */ + if (new_list) + { + if ((eflags & WEXP_PATHEXP) && disallow_filename_globbing == 0) + /* Glob expand the word list unless globbing has been disabled. */ + new_list = glob_expand_word_list (new_list, eflags); + else + /* Dequote the words, because we're not performing globbing. */ + new_list = dequote_list (new_list); + } + + if ((eflags & WEXP_VARASSIGN) && subst_assign_varlist) + { + sh_wassign_func_t *assign_func; + + /* If the remainder of the words expand to nothing, Posix.2 requires + that the variable and environment assignments affect the shell's + environment. */ + assign_func = new_list ? assign_in_env : do_word_assignment; + tempenv_assign_error = 0; + + for (temp_list = subst_assign_varlist; temp_list; temp_list = temp_list->next) + { + this_command_name = (char *)NULL; + assigning_in_environment = (assign_func == assign_in_env); + tint = (*assign_func) (temp_list->word); + assigning_in_environment = 0; + /* Variable assignment errors in non-interactive shells running + in Posix.2 mode cause the shell to exit. */ + if (tint == 0) + { + if (assign_func == do_word_assignment) + { + last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; + if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct) + exp_jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF); + else + exp_jump_to_top_level (DISCARD); + } + else + tempenv_assign_error++; + } + } + + dispose_words (subst_assign_varlist); + subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + } + +#if 0 + tint = list_length (new_list) + 1; + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (glob_argv_flags, 0, tint, glob_argv_flags_size, 16); + for (tint = 0, temp_list = new_list; temp_list; temp_list = temp_list->next) + glob_argv_flags[tint++] = (temp_list->word->flags & W_GLOBEXP) ? '1' : '0'; + glob_argv_flags[tint] = '\0'; +#endif + + return (new_list); +} diff --git a/subst.c~ b/subst.c~ index 6c3bc7858..24d69ff47 100644 --- a/subst.c~ +++ b/subst.c~ @@ -1130,7 +1130,7 @@ string_extract_verbatim (string, slen, sindex, charlist, flags) /* Extract the $( construct in STRING, and return a new string. Start extracting at (SINDEX) as if we had just seen "$(". Make (SINDEX) get the position of the matching ")". ) - XFLAGS is additional flags to pass to other extraction functions, */ + XFLAGS is additional flags to pass to other extraction functions. */ char * extract_command_subst (string, sindex, xflags) char *string; @@ -1264,6 +1264,18 @@ extract_delimited_string (string, sindex, opener, alt_opener, closer, flags) continue; } +#if 1 + /* Process a nested command substitution, but only if we're parsing a + command substitution. XXX - for bash-4.2 */ + if ((flags & SX_COMMAND) && string[i] == '$' && string[i+1] == LPAREN) + { + si = i + 2; + t = extract_command_subst (string, &si, flags); + i = si + 1; + continue; + } +#endif + /* Process a nested OPENER. */ if (STREQN (string + i, opener, len_opener)) { @@ -5042,7 +5054,6 @@ command_substitute (string, quoted) if (subst_assign_varlist == 0 || garglist == 0) maybe_make_export_env (); /* XXX */ -itrace("command_substitute: line_number = %d sourcelevel = %d", line_number, sourcelevel); /* Flags to pass to parse_and_execute() */ pflags = (interactive && sourcelevel == 0) ? SEVAL_RESETLINE : 0; @@ -7359,6 +7370,7 @@ param_expand (string, sindex, quoted, expanded_something, if (chk_arithsub (temp2, t_index) == 0) { free (temp2); + internal_warning (_("future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution")); goto comsub; } diff --git a/subst.h b/subst.h index 405654fb6..7628939aa 100644 --- a/subst.h +++ b/subst.h @@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ #define SX_NOCTLESC 0x10 /* don't honor CTLESC quoting */ #define SX_NOESCCTLNUL 0x20 /* don't let CTLESC quote CTLNUL */ #define SX_NOLONGJMP 0x40 /* don't longjmp on fatal error */ +#define SX_ARITHSUB 0x80 /* extracting $(( ... )) (currently unused) */ /* Remove backslashes which are quoting backquotes from STRING. Modifies STRING, and returns a pointer to it. */ diff --git a/subst.h~ b/subst.h~ index 6158d11be..c9f5f4567 100644 --- a/subst.h~ +++ b/subst.h~ @@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ #define SX_NOCTLESC 0x10 /* don't honor CTLESC quoting */ #define SX_NOESCCTLNUL 0x20 /* don't let CTLESC quote CTLNUL */ #define SX_NOLONGJMP 0x40 /* don't longjmp on fatal error */ +#define SX_ARITHSUB 0x80 /* extracting $(( ... )) */ /* Remove backslashes which are quoting backquotes from STRING. Modifies STRING, and returns a pointer to it. */ @@ -267,6 +268,7 @@ extern char *cond_expand_word __P((WORD_DESC *, int)); #define SD_NOJMP 0x01 /* don't longjmp on fatal error. */ #define SD_INVERT 0x02 /* look for chars NOT in passed set */ #define SD_NOQUOTEDELIM 0x04 /* don't let single or double quotes act as delimiters */ +#define SD_NOSKIPCMD 0x08 /* don't skip over $(, <(, or >( command/process substitution */ extern int skip_to_delim __P((char *, int, char *, int)); diff --git a/support/mkconffiles b/support/mkconffiles old mode 100755 new mode 100644 diff --git a/support/mkversion.sh b/support/mkversion.sh old mode 100755 new mode 100644 diff --git a/support/rlvers.sh b/support/rlvers.sh old mode 100755 new mode 100644 diff --git a/support/shobj-conf b/support/shobj-conf old mode 100755 new mode 100644