shmctl.2: Some small improvements to the description of the 'shmid_ds' structure

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

shmctl.2: Copy information on 'shmid_ds' fields from sysvipc(7)

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strftime.3: tfix

Fixes: 13e5f960f353 "strftime.3: Minor tweaks to Eugene Syromyatnikov's patch"
Signed-off-by: Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

exit.3: Small improvement to the discussion of 'status' argument

Reported-by: Walter Harms <wharms@bfs.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

man7/namespaces.7: srcfix: Make the number of .RS/.RE macros equal

Add a '.RE' macro to terminate the last .RS block.

There is no change in the output.

Signed-off-by: Bjarni Ingi Gislason <bjarniig@rhi.hi.is>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strftime.3: Minor tweaks to Eugene Syromyatnikov's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strftime.3: Expand %E and %O description

* man3/strftime.3 (%C): Describe the meaning of %EC conversion
specification.
(%E): Mention the concept of "era" in description.
(%O): Mention that alternative format is related to numeric
representation.
(%y): Describe the meaning of %Ey conversion specification.
(%Y): Describe the meaning of %EY conversion specification.
(.SH DESCRIPTION): Mention that the behaviour of %E modifier is governed
by ERA locale element and provide ja_JP locale as an example.

Signed-off-by: Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

pidfd_open.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Alexander Miller <alex.miller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strftime.3: Tweaks to Eugene Syromyatnikov's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strftime.3: Refer to the relevant nl_langinfo(3) items

As it wasn't clear before where this kind of information can be
obtained from.

* man3/strftime.3 (%a, %A, %b, %B, %c, %p, %r, %x, %X): Add information
about the locale elements that can be used to retrieve the relevant
information using nl_langinfo() library call.

Signed-off-by: Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

strftime.3: Consistently document fall-back format string

The information is taken from POSIX[1] and the
implementations[2][3][4].

[1] https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap07.html#tag_07_03_05_03
[2] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=time/strftime_l.c
[3] https://git.musl-libc.org/cgit/musl/tree/src/locale/langinfo.c#n15
[4] https://git.uclibc.org/uClibc/tree/libc/misc/locale/locale.c#n992

* man3/strftime.3 (%c, %x, %X): Add information about fall-back format.
(%r): Move it behind SU comment.

Signed-off-by: Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

nl_langinfo.3: Tweaks to Eugene Syromyatnikov's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

nl_langinfo.3: Document era-related locale elements

Information is mostly taken from POSIX[1], GNU C Library
documentation[2], glibc strftime implementation[3], and Japanese
locale definition[4].

[1] https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap07.html#tag_07_03_05_02
[2] https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/The-Elegant-and-Fast-Way.html
[3] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=time/strftime_l.c
[4] https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=localedata/locales/ja_JP

* man3/nl_langinfo.3 (.SH DESCRIPTION): Add information about ERA,
ERA_D_T_FMT, ERA_D_FMT, and ERA_T_FMT locale elements.

Signed-off-by: Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

nl_langinfo.3: Add information about AM/PM time format locale elements

* man3/nl_langinfo.3 (.SH DESCRIPTION): Add description for AM_STR,
PM_STR, T_FMT_AMPM locale elements.

Signed-off-by: Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

nl_langinfo.3: mention the respective strftime(3) conversion specifications

* man3/nl_langinfo.3 (D_T_FMT, D_FMT, T_FMT, DAY_{1–7},
ABDAY_{1–7}, MON_{1–12}, ABMON_{1–12}): Mention the respective
strftime(3) conversion specifications.

Signed-off-by: Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

clock_getres.2: Tweaks to Helge Deller's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

clock_getres.2: Consecutive calls for CLOCK_MONOTONIC may return same value

Consecutive calls to clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) are guaranteed
to return MONOTONIC values, which means that they either return
the *SAME* time value like the last call, or a later (higher) time
value.

Due to high resolution counters, like TSC on x86, most people see
that the values returned increase, but on other less common
platforms it's less likely that consecutive calls return newer
values, and instead users may unexpectedly get back the SAME time
value.

I think it makes sense to document that people should not expect
to see "always-growing" time values. For example in Debian I've
seen in quite some source packages where return values of
consecutive calls are compared against each other and then the
package build fails if they are equal (e.g.  ruby-hitimes, ...).

Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

syscalls.2: ffix (trying to fit the table into 80 columns)

* man2/syscalls.2 (.SH DESCRIPTION) <\fBgetdtablesize\fP(2)>: Remove "since
Linux 2.0" part for the osf_getdtablesize note, as syscall is generally
available since Linux 2.0; add line break after the word "as".
(.SH DESCRIPTION) <\fBpwrite\fP(2)>: Add line breaks.
(.SH DESCRIPTION) <\fBvm86old\fP(2)>: Add a line break after "in".

Signed-off-by: Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

syscalls.2: Note that the 5.x series followed 4.20

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

filesystems.5: tfix

Signed-off-by: Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

msgget.2, semget.2, shmget.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ioctl_ficlonerange.2, ioctl_fideduperange.2: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

execve.2: Add a subhead for the discussion of effect on process attributes

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

sched_setattr.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mmap.2: Add a subhead for the 'flags' argument

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

mmap.2: Move some text hidden at the end of DESCRIPTION to NOTES

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ioctl_fat.2: tfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

termios.3: srcfix: Add self to copyright

I've added quite a few pieces to this page over the years.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

malloc.3: srcfix: Add self to copyright

By now, I've written quite a bit of the text of this page.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getopt.3: srcfix: add self to copyright

I'm the author of various parts of the page, and one
of the example programs.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

read.2: srcfix: Add self to copyright

By now, I'm the author of perhaps the majority of the text.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

msgop.2: arcfix: add Bill Pemberton to copyright

The example program in this page is from Bill Pemberton.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

capget.2: srcfix: Add self to copyright

By now, I'm the author of a substantial part of the text.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

brk.2: srcfix: Add self to copyright

I'm the author of the majority of the text
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

bind.2: srcfix: Add self to copyright

I'm the author of the example program and various
other additions to the page.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

poll.2, atoi.3, gsignal.3, posix_memalign.3, scanf.3: Remove a few mentions of the ancient "Linux libc"

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

sigaction.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

cgroups.7: Update list of cgroups v2 controllers

Update the list of cgroups v2 controllers (several controllers
were missing).

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

cgroups.7: Put list of v2 controllers in alphabetical order

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

cgroups.7: Document the cgroups v2 'memory_localevents' mount option

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

cgroups.7: Add a subsection on cgroup v2 mount options and include 'nsdelegate'

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

cgroups.7: SEE ALSO: add Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

ld.so.8: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

getent.1, localedef.1, clock_nanosleep.2, fcntl.2, getitimer.2, getsockopt.2, inotify_init.2, ioctl.2, mlock.2, mprotect.2, quotactl.2, s390_sthyi.2, semctl.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, wait.2, CPU_SET.3, aio_init.3, des_crypt.3, fmemopen.3, fopencookie.3, fts.3, getaddrinfo.3, getrpcent.3, lio_listio.3, posix_spawn.3, shm_open.3, st.4, elf.5, group.5, proc.5, services.5, aio.7, feature_test_macros.7, keyrings.7, man-pages.7, sigevent.7, tcp.7, udp.7: Global formatting fix: disfavor nonstandard .TP indents

In many cases, these don't improve readability, and (when stacked)
they sometimes have the side effect of sometimes forcing text
to be justified within a narrow column range.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

splice.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

epoll_create.2: srcfix: Add self to copyright

By now, I'm the author of the majority of the text.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

epoll_create.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

epoll_wait.2: A few minor additions and rewrites

And add self to copyright, since, by now, the majority of the
text in the page has now been (re)written by me.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

epoll_ctl.2: Various minor additions and clarifications

And add self to copyright, since, by now, I'm the author of
substantial parts of the page.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

epoll.7: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

epoll.7: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

epoll.7: wfix: break a sentence up, for clarity

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

poll.2: srcfix: Amend copyright

By now, I've written or rewritten pretty much the entire page

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

poll.2: Improve description of EFAULT error

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

poll.2: Fix description of ENOMEM error

No file descriptors are being allocated...

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

poll.2: Add an example program

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

poll.2: Mention epoll(7) in the introductory paragraph

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

poll.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: Note that FD_SET() and FD_CLR() do not return errors

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: Consolidate historical glibc pselect() details under one subhead

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: Place the discussion of the self-pipe technique in a headed subsection

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select_tut.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select_tut.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select_tut.2: wfix: break up a long paragraph

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select_tut.2: Adjust header file includes in example

Employ <sys/select.h>, rather than the historical header files.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select_tut.2: SEE ALSO: shorten this list

select(2) already lists most of these.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select_tut.2: RETURN VALUE: defer to select(2)

Defer to select(2), rather than repeating the information
in this page.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select_tut.2: DESCRIPTION: defer to select(2)

Avoid duplicating the same information in two pages.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select_tut.2: SYNOPSIS: defer to select(2), rather than repeating the same info

Remove the prototypes, which are detailed in select(2).

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: Rewrite DESCRIPTION

Improve structure and readability, at the same time incorporating
text and details that were formerly in select_tut(2). Also
move a few details in other parts of the page into DESCRIPTION.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: Minor wording fix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: srcfix: add myself to copyright

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2, select_tut.2: Consolidate info on usleep() emulation in one place

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: Remove details of historical #include requirements

The POSIX situation has been the norm for a long time now,
and including ancient details overcomplicates the page.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: Remove some ancient information about pre-POSIX types for 'timeout'

The discussion about pre-POSIX types for 'timeval' and 'timespec'
is rather old, and these days serves mainly to complicate the
page. Remove it.

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: Minor fix: add forward reference to 'timeval' description

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: Consolidate the discussion of pselect into a headed subsection

The current text layout is a little hard to parse, with details of
pselect() spread in the main description.  Move some of that text
to a headed subsection, and add a one-sentence introduction
describing the purpose of pselect().

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

select.2: wfix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

syscalls.2: Add new Linux 5.6 system calls

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

Start of man-pages-5.06: updating Changes and Changes.old

Start of man-pages-5.06: updating .Announce and .lsm files

Start of man-pages-5.06: renaming .Announce and .lsm files

Ready for 5.05

_exit.2, capget.2, fcntl.2, futex.2, listen.2, memfd_create.2, modify_ldt.2, move_pages.2, open.2, perf_event_open.2, ptrace.2, set_thread_area.2, stime.2, syscall.2, sysctl.2, userfaultfd.2, cmsg.3, exit.3, ftime.3, getpt.3, malloc.3, console_codes.4, loop.4, inotify.7, netlink.7, packet.7, rtnetlink.7, tcp.7, unix.7, vsock.7, ldconfig.8: tstamp

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

Changes: Ready for 5.05

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

stime.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

malloc.3: Minor tweaks to Vegard Nossum's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

malloc.3: realloc() return value

One might be tempted to think that realloc() always requests a new
allocation before moving the contents over (at least in the case
where the new size is bigger than the original). This is not the
case; for example, on my system the following program:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
void *x = malloc(15);
void *y = malloc(32);

printf("x = %p\n", x);
printf("y = %p\n", y);
printf("usable_size(x) = %lu\n", malloc_usable_size(x));

void *z = realloc(x, 24);
printf("z = %p\n", z);

return 0;
}

prints:

x = 0x1b3a010
y = 0x1b3a030
usable_size(x) = 24
z = 0x1b3a010

Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fcntl.2: Further tweaks to F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE text

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

memfd_create.2: Minor tweaks's to Joel Fernandes's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

memfd_create.2: srcfix: semantic line breaks

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

memfd_create.2: Update manpage with new memfd F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE seal

More details of the seal can be found in the LKML patch:
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20181120052137.74317-1-joel@joelfernandes.org/T/#t

Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fcntl.2: Note kernel version for F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fcntl.2: Minor tweaks to Joel Fernandes's patch

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fcntl.2: srcfix: rewrap source lines

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

fcntl.2: ffix

Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>