[build] Use weak definitions instead of weak declarations

[build] Use weak definitions instead of weak declarations

This removes the need for inline safety wrappers, marginally reducing
the size penalty of weak functions, and works around an apparent
binutils bug that causes undefined weak symbols to not actually be
NULL when compiling with -fPIE (as EFI builds do).

A bug in versions of binutils prior to 2.16 (released in 2005) will
cause same-file weak definitions to not work with those
toolchains. Update the README to reflect our new dependency on
binutils >= 2.16.

Signed-off-by: Joshua Oreman <oremanj@rwcr.net>
Signed-off-by: Michael Brown <mcb30@ipxe.org>