[3.7] bpo-33729: Fix issues with arguments parsing in hashlib. (GH-8346) (GH-8581)

[3.7] bpo-33729: Fix issues with arguments parsing in hashlib. (GH-8346) (GH-8581)

* help(hashlib) didn't work because of incorrect module name in blake2b and
  blake2s classes.
* Constructors blake2*(), sha3_*(), shake_*() and keccak_*() incorrectly
  accepted keyword argument "string" for binary data, but documented as
  accepting the "data" keyword argument. Now this parameter is positional-only.
* Keyword-only parameters in blake2b() and blake2s() were not documented as
  keyword-only.
* Default value for some parameters of blake2b() and blake2s() was None,
  which is not acceptable value.
* The length argument for shake_*.digest() was wrapped out to 32 bits.
* The argument for shake_128.digest() and shake_128.hexdigest() was not
  positional-only as intended.
* TypeError messages for incorrect arguments in all constructors sha3_*(),
  shake_*() and keccak_*() incorrectly referred to sha3_224.

Also made the following enhancements:

* More accurately specified input and result types for strings, bytes and
  bytes-like objects.
* Unified positional parameter names for update() and constructors.
* Improved formatting.
(cherry picked from commit f1d36d8efaecd5c84cb35e35119b283f37d83c40)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>