From 4a8bb13f3cf61f41dfab3446713245404bea3620 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chet Ramey Date: Thu, 8 Dec 2011 20:10:49 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] commit bash-20090609 snapshot --- CWRU/CWRU.chlog | 8 + CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ | 5 + MANIFEST | 1 - MANIFEST~ | 2 +- doc/bash.0 | 2580 +++++++------- doc/bash.html | 79 +- doc/bash.ps | 6123 +++++++++++++++++---------------- doc/bashref.aux | 16 +- doc/bashref.bt | 2 +- doc/bashref.bts | 2 +- doc/bashref.cp | 4 +- doc/bashref.cps | 4 +- doc/bashref.dvi | Bin 653260 -> 653492 bytes doc/bashref.html | 61 +- doc/bashref.info | 352 +- doc/bashref.log | 24 +- doc/bashref.ps | 2813 +++++++-------- doc/bashref.toc | 8 +- doc/bashref.vr | 2 +- doc/bashref.vrs | 2 +- doc/builtins.0 | 155 +- doc/builtins.ps | 297 +- doc/rbash.ps | 2 +- examples/loadables/printenv.c | 1 + lib/readline/display.c | 19 +- lib/readline/display.c~ | 6 +- xmalloc.c | 105 +- xmalloc.c~ | 209 ++ 28 files changed, 6605 insertions(+), 6277 deletions(-) create mode 100644 xmalloc.c~ diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index 02c016245..c683f9ccf 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -8148,3 +8148,11 @@ findcmd.c - use eaccess(2) if available in file_status to take other file access mechanisms such as ACLs into account. Patch supplied by werner@suse.de + + 6/12 + ---- +xmalloc.c + - also calculate lowest brk() value the first time xmalloc/xrealloc + (and their sh_ counterparts) are called + - error messages consolidated into a single function (allocerr/ + sh_allocerr) to avoid string duplication diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ index 75c879710..02c016245 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ @@ -8143,3 +8143,8 @@ lib/readline/display.c doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi - added some more explanation of the inheritance of the ERR trap at the suggestion of Thomas Pospisek + +findcmd.c + - use eaccess(2) if available in file_status to take other file + access mechanisms such as ACLs into account. Patch supplied + by werner@suse.de diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST index c003c5d75..1e1147686 100644 --- a/MANIFEST +++ b/MANIFEST @@ -526,7 +526,6 @@ CWRU/misc/errlist.c f CWRU/misc/hpux10-dlfcn.h f CWRU/PLATFORMS f CWRU/README f -CWRU/audit-patch f CWRU/changelog f CWRU/sh-redir-hack f CWRU/mh-folder-comp f diff --git a/MANIFEST~ b/MANIFEST~ index ceb87fcfe..c003c5d75 100644 --- a/MANIFEST~ +++ b/MANIFEST~ @@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ tests/getopts4.sub f tests/getopts5.sub f tests/getopts6.sub f tests/getopts7.sub f -tests/glob-test f +tests/glob.tests f tests/glob1.sub f tests/glob.right f tests/globstar.tests f diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index 1e0d458f3..918eed9c1 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -1982,48 +1982,51 @@ FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter ## is updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 is unchanged. The first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- - tion while the function is executing. All other aspects of the shell - execution environment are identical between a function and its caller - with the exception that the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description - of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inher- - ited unless the function has been given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the - description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell - option has been enabled with the sseett builtin (in which case all func- - tions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps). - - Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin + tion while the function is executing. + + All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical + between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the DDEEBBUUGG and + RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inherited unless the function has been + given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin + below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell option has been enabled with the sseett + builtin (in which case all functions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN + traps), and the EERRRR trap is not inherited unless the --oo eerrrrttrraaccee shell + option has been enabled. + + Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. - If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function - completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- - tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed + If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function + completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- + tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the - positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the + positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution. - Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the + Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands. The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee-- - sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file - and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions - may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with - the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be - deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell + sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file + and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions + may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with + the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be + deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple iden- - tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- + tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- dren. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. - Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of + Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN - The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain - circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc - EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check - for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. - The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the - same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped - into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in + The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain + circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc + EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check + for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. + The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the + same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped + into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. _i_d++++ _i_d---- @@ -2051,39 +2054,39 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2 comma - Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- + Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell - variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter - expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to + variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter + expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. - The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when - it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r + The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when + it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value. A null value evaluates - to 0. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on + to 0. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading - 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form - [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing + 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form + [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If _b_a_s_e_# is omit- - ted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are represented - by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that - order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase + ted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are represented + by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that + order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35. - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS - Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the - tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following - unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- + Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the + tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string + and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following + unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. If - the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, - _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, + the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, + _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- @@ -2130,20 +2133,20 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS --SS _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. --NN _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last + True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last read. _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- + True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- bers. --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e - True if shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of - options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett + True if shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of + options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett builtin below. --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. @@ -2165,107 +2168,107 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically. _a_r_g_1 OOPP _a_r_g_2 - OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic - binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, - less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than - or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive + OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic + binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, + less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than + or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive or negative integers. SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following + When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right. - 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments - (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved + 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments + (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing. - 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are - expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word - is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words + 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are + expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word + is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. 3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN. 4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- + expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- able. If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current - shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- - ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- - ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- + shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- + ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- + ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a + readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- zero status. - If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not - affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the + If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not + affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status. - If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as - described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- - sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command - is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If + If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as + described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- + sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command + is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN - After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple - command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are + After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple + command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken. - If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate - it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is - invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a - function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If + If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate + it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is + invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a + function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. - If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no - slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- - taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to - remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is - performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the + If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no + slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- + taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to + remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is + performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function named ccoommmmaanndd__nnoott__ffoouunndd__hhaannddllee. If that function exists, it is invoked - with the original command and the original command's arguments as its - arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of - the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error + with the original command and the original command's arguments as its + arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of + the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit status of 127. - If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or + If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu- tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain- ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. - If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, - and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a - file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. - This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new - shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that - the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below + If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, + and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a + file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. + This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new + shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that + the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child. - If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first - line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the + If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first + line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe- cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of - a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first - line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by + a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first + line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- + The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- ing: - +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by + +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin - +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or + +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from + +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from the shell's parent +o current traps set by ttrraapp @@ -2273,242 +2276,242 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN +o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the + +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- + +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- mand-line arguments) or by sseett +o options enabled by sshhoopptt +o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass - +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the + +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$$$, and the value of $$PPPPIIDD - When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be - executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- - sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- + When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be + executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- + sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- ited from the shell. - +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions + +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command +o the current working directory +o the file creation mode mask - +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with + +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment +o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the + A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. - Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- + Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate - of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are + of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi- ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of - the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in posix mode, Bash + the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in posix mode, Bash clears the --ee option in such subshells. - If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the - default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. - Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the + If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the + default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. + Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling shell as modified by redirections. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the + When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. - The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On + The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter - for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- - cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and - ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and + for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- + cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and + ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi- - ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, - replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command - consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- - fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus + ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, + replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command + consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- + fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands. - The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented - temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described + The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented + temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi- ronment seen by that command. - If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l - parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not + If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l + parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the - full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi- + When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the + full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi- ronment. EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS - The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the + The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the _w_a_i_t_p_i_d system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between - 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above + 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands - are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell + are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific failure modes. For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status - has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero - exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal + has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero + exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status. - If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it - returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, + If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it + returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero. - Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and - non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins + Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and + non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage. - BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, - unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero + BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, + unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below. SSIIGGNNAALLSS - When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores + When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT - is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In - all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh + is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In + all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values - inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in - effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to - these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- + inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in + effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to + these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT-- TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. - The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, - an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or + The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, + an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the - SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular - job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin - (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP + SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular + job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP using ddiissoowwnn --hh. - If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a + If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. - If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for + If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com- - mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via - the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been + mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via + the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta- tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed. JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL - _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the + _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the execution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later - point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive - interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal + point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive + interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal driver and bbaasshh. - The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of - currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. - When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a + The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of + currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. + When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of - the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh + the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control. - To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, + To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard- - generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in - the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID + generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in + the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen- erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or, - if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. - Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty - tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal - by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the + if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal. + Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty + tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal + by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. - If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, + If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ- ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to - be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d - character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped - when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be - returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, - using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command + be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d + character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped + when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be + returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, + using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac- - ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be + ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be referred to as %%nn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command - line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix - matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the - other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command - line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an - error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- - _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground + line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix + matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the + other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command + line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an + error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_- + _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may be referenced using %%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can both be used to refer - to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the + to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jjoobbss command), the current job is always flagged with a ++, and the pre- - vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- + vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica- tion) also refers to the current job. - Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is - a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the - foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, + Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is + a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the + foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to ````bbgg %%11''''. - The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, + The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes - in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb + in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes - immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that + immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that exits. - If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the - cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- + If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the + cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option - is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may - then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is - made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another + is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may + then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is + made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when - it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it - needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh allows these prompt - strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped + it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it + needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh allows these prompt + strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows: \\aa an ASCII bell character (07) - \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May + \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") \\DD{{_f_o_r_m_a_t}} - the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is - inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results + the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is + inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are required \\ee an ASCII escape character (033) @@ -2518,7 +2521,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\ll the basename of the shell's terminal device name \\nn newline \\rr carriage return - \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion + \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion following the final slash) \\tt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format \\TT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format @@ -2527,7 +2530,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\uu the username of the current user \\vv the version of bbaasshh (e.g., 2.00) \\VV the release of bbaasshh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0) - \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated + \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde (uses the $$PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM variable) \\WW the basename of the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde @@ -2536,66 +2539,66 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\$$ if the effective UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$ \\_n_n_n the character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n \\\\ a backslash - \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could - be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt \\]] end a sequence of non-printing characters - The command number and the history number are usually different: the - history number of a command is its position in the history list, which - may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY - below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of - commands executed during the current shell session. After the string - is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of - the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command + The command number and the history number are usually different: the + history number of a command is its position in the history list, which + may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY + below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of + commands executed during the current shell session. After the string + is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of + the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RREEAADDLLIINNEE - This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- + This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation. Line editing is also used when using the --ee option to the rreeaadd builtin. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. A vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be - enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett - builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing - after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the + enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett + builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing + after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the sseett builtin. RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. - Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- - larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- - boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key + Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- + larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- + boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x - means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key + means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which normally act as - a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument - that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that - acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to - act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments + a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument + that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that + acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to + act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted below. - When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved + When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring. RReeaaddlliinnee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn - Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file - (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of - the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is - _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, + Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file + (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of + the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is + _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are - set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline - initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a - ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- + set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline + initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a + ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. - The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other + The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. For example, placing @@ -2603,19 +2606,19 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE M-Control-u: universal-argument or C-Meta-u: universal-argument - into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- + into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- _s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. - The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, + The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. - In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). RReeaaddlliinnee KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss - The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. - All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro - and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. + All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro + and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. @@ -2626,15 +2629,15 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, - _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to - run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the + In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, + _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to + run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text ``> output'' into the line). - In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs - from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may - be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU - Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but + In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs + from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may + be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU + Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument @@ -2642,7 +2645,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. - _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is + _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''. The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is @@ -2653,7 +2656,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\"" literal " \\'' literal ' - In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is available: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -2663,20 +2666,20 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\rr carriage return \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func- - tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above - are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro + tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above + are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, including " and '. - BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- - fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched - during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- + BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- + fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched + during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RReeaaddlliinnee VVaarriiaabblleess @@ -2686,50 +2689,50 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e - Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff - (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. - When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- + Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff + (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. + When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- sitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are equivalent to OOffff. The variables and their default values are: bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee)) - Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal + Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never rings the bell. If set to - vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If + vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to aauuddiibbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. bbiinndd--ttttyy--ssppeecciiaall--cchhaarrss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters + If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read- line equivalents. ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn ((````##'''')) - The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt + The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt command is executed. This command is bound to MM--## in emacs mode and to ## in vi command mode. ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx--ddiissppllaayy--lleennggtthh ((00)) - The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- - sible completions that is displayed without modification. When - set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than - this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- + The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos- + sible completions that is displayed without modification. When + set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than + this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi- ble completions. ccoommpplleettiioonn--qquueerryy--iitteemmss ((110000)) - This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- - ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- - ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than - or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is + This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- + ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- + ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than + or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is - asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are + asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed on the terminal. ccoonnvveerrtt--mmeettaa ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and - prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the + prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion - characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been + characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss)) Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings sim- @@ -2737,120 +2740,120 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE vvii. eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff)) When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable the application key- - pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the + pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys. eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff)) - If set to oonn, tilde expansion is performed when readline + If set to oonn, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. hhiissttoorryy--pprreesseerrvvee--ppooiinntt ((OOffff)) - If set to oonn, the history code attempts to place point at the - same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- + If set to oonn, the history code attempts to place point at the + same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy. hhiissttoorryy--ssiizzee ((00)) - Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history + Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list. If set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited. hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff)) - When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, + When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it - becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a + becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line. iinnppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it - will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), + If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it + will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss ((````CC--[[CC--JJ'''')) - The string of characters that should terminate an incremental - search without subsequently executing the character as a com- - mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- + The string of characters that should terminate an incremental + search without subsequently executing the character as a com- + mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- ters _E_S_C and _C_-_J will terminate an incremental search. kkeeyymmaapp ((eemmaaccss)) - Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names - is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- - _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is - equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the + Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names + is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- + _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default keymap. mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOnn)) If set to OOnn, completed directory names have a slash appended. mmaarrkk--mmooddiiffiieedd--lliinneess ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- + If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- played with a preceding asterisk (**). mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc- - tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of + tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess). mmaattcchh--hhiiddddeenn--ffiilleess ((OOnn)) - This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files - whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing - filename completion, unless the leading `.' is supplied by the + This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files + whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing + filename completion, unless the leading `.' is supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. ppaaggee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- + If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- play a screenful of possible completions at a time. pprriinntt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss--hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches - sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the + If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches + sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. rreevveerrtt--aallll--aatt--nneewwlliinnee ((OOffff)) - If set to oonn, readline will undo all changes to history lines + If set to oonn, readline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when aacccceepptt--lliinnee is executed. By default, his- - tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists + tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across calls to rreeaaddlliinnee. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to oonn, words which have more than one possible completion - cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing + cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--uunnmmooddiiffiieedd ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss. If set to oonn, words - which have more than one possible completion without any possi- - ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a - common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately + which have more than one possible completion without any possi- + ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a + common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. vviissiibbllee--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by - _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- + If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by + _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- pletions. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoonnddiittiioonnaall CCoonnssttrruuccttss - Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional - compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings - and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional + compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings + and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are four parser directives used. - $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- - ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using - readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; + $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- + ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using + readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no characters are required to isolate it. - mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test - whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be - used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for - instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and - _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in + mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test + whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be + used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for + instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and + _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. - tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific + tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the == is tested against the both full name of the ter- - minal and the portion of the terminal name before the - first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, + minal and the portion of the terminal name before the + first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, for instance. aapppplliiccaattiioonn The aapppplliiccaattiioonn construct is used to include application- specific settings. Each program using the readline - library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization + library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used - to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific - program. For instance, the following command adds a key - sequence that quotes the current or previous word in + to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific + program. For instance, the following command adds a key + sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: $$iiff Bash @@ -2865,51 +2868,51 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE test fails. $$iinncclluuddee - This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads - commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- + This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads + commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- ing directive would read _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c: $$iinncclluuddee _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c SSeeaarrcchhiinngg - Readline provides commands for searching through the command history + Readline provides commands for searching through the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l and _n_o_n_-_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l. - Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the - search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the + search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed - so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as - needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in - the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an + so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as + needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in + the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the - Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. - Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original - line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the + Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. + Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original + line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes the current line. - To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or - Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the - history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. - Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the - search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- + To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or + Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the + history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. + Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the + search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control- - Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search + Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string, any remembered search string is used. - Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting - to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting + to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoommmmaanndd NNaammeess - The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default + The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom- panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip- - tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to - a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the + tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to + a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMoovviinngg @@ -2925,17 +2928,17 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--bb)) - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited + Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters. cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll)) - Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the - screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without + Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the + screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee Refresh the current line. @@ -2943,132 +2946,132 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMaanniippuullaattiinngg tthhee HHiissttoorryy aacccceepptt--lliinnee ((NNeewwlliinnee,, RReettuurrnn)) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line - is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state - of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history + is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state + of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. pprreevviioouuss--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--pp)) Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the list. nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--nn)) - Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in + Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--<<)) Move to the first line in the history. eenndd--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM-->>)) - Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--rr)) - Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--ss)) - Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--pp)) Search backward through the history starting at the current line - using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the + using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--nn)) - Search forward through the history using a non-incremental + Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy)) - Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _n, - insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the - previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument + insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the + previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once - the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the + the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the "!_n" history expansion had been specified. yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__)) - Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word - of the previous history entry). With an argument, behave - exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg - move back through the history list, inserting the last argument + Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word + of the previous history entry). With an argument, behave + exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg + move back through the history list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn. The history expansion facilities are used - to extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion + to extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified. sshheellll--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--CC--ee)) Expand the line as the shell does. This performs alias and his- tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See - HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. + HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. hhiissttoorryy--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--^^)) - Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY + Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. mmaaggiicc--ssppaaccee - Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a + Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee - Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above + Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above for a description of alias expansion. hhiissttoorryy--aanndd--aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee Perform history and alias expansion on the current line. iinnsseerrtt--llaasstt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--..,, MM--__)) A synonym for yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg. ooppeerraattee--aanndd--ggeett--nneexxtt ((CC--oo)) - Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line - relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any + Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line + relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. eeddiitt--aanndd--eexxeeccuuttee--ccoommmmaanndd ((CC--xxCC--ee)) - Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the - result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, + Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the + result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL, $$EEDDIITTOORR, and _e_m_a_c_s as the editor, in that order. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr CChhaannggiinngg TTeexxtt ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((CC--dd)) - Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of - the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last + Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of + the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not bound to ddeelleettee--cchhaarr, then return EEOOFF. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((RRuubboouutt)) - Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric + Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring. ffoorrwwaarrdd--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr - Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur- sor is deleted. qquuootteedd--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--qq,, CC--vv)) - Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how + Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to insert characters like CC--qq, for example. ttaabb--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--vv TTAABB)) Insert a tab character. sseellff--iinnsseerrtt ((aa,, bb,, AA,, 11,, !!,, ......)) Insert the character typed. ttrraannssppoossee--cchhaarrss ((CC--tt)) - Drag the character before point forward over the character at - point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of - the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. + Drag the character before point forward over the character at + point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of + the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. Negative arguments have no effect. ttrraannssppoossee--wwoorrddss ((MM--tt)) - Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving - point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving + point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. uuppccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--uu)) - Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point. ddoowwnnccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--ll)) - Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point. ccaappiittaalliizzee--wwoorrdd ((MM--cc)) - Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative + Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point. oovveerrwwrriittee--mmooddee - Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- + Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects - only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call + only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call to _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_(_) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac- - ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than - pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- - wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a + ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than + pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- + wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound. KKiilllliinngg aanndd YYaannkkiinngg @@ -3077,31 +3080,31 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--xx RRuubboouutt)) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. uunniixx--lliinnee--ddiissccaarrdd ((CC--uu)) - Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The + Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. kkiillll--wwhhoollee--lliinnee - Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. uunniixx--wwoorrdd--rruubboouutt ((CC--ww)) - Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- + Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. uunniixx--ffiilleennaammee--rruubboouutt - Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash - character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on + Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash + character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. ddeelleettee--hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssppaaccee ((MM--\\)) Delete all spaces and tabs around point. @@ -3110,61 +3113,61 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ccooppyy--rreeggiioonn--aass--kkiillll Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer. ccooppyy--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- aries are the same as bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. ccooppyy--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. yyaannkk ((CC--yy)) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. yyaannkk--ppoopp ((MM--yy)) - Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- + Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- ing yyaannkk or yyaannkk--ppoopp. NNuummeerriicc AArrgguummeennttss ddiiggiitt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--00,, MM--11,, ......,, MM----)) - Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M-- starts a negative argument. uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt - This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is - followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus - sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- - lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the - numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, - if this command is immediately followed by a character that is - neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next - command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially - one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- + lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the + numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, + if this command is immediately followed by a character that is + neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next + command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially + one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so on. CCoommpplleettiinngg ccoommpplleettee ((TTAABB)) - Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh + Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text - begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname - (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and + begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname + (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--??)) List the possible completions of the text before point. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--**)) - Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee - Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with - a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated - execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible - completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the + Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with + a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated + execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible + completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee) and the original text is restored. An argument of _n - moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative - argument may be used to move backward through the list. This - command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by + moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative + argument may be used to move backward through the list. This + command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by default. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr--oorr--lliisstt - Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning - or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning + or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the line, behaves identically to ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. This command is unbound by default. ccoommpplleettee--ffiilleennaammee ((MM--//)) @@ -3173,201 +3176,201 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. ccoommpplleettee--uusseerrnnaammee ((MM--~~)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. ppoossssiibbllee--uusseerrnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx ~~)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. ccoommpplleettee--vvaarriiaabbllee ((MM--$$)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ppoossssiibbllee--vvaarriiaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx $$)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ccoommpplleettee--hhoossttnnaammee ((MM--@@)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ppoossssiibbllee--hhoossttnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx @@)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ccoommpplleettee--ccoommmmaanndd ((MM--!!)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a - command name. Command completion attempts to match the text - against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + command name. Command completion attempts to match the text + against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommmmaanndd--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx !!)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. ddyynnaammiicc--ccoommpplleettee--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--TTAABB)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text - against lines from the history list for possible completion + Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text + against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ddaabbbbrreevv--eexxppaanndd - Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the + Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the text against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ccoommpplleettee--iinnttoo--bbrraacceess ((MM--{{)) Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com- - pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the + pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). KKeeyybbooaarrdd MMaaccrrooss ssttaarrtt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx (()) - Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. eenndd--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx )))) Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and store the definition. ccaallll--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ee)) - Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee ((CC--xx CC--rr)) - Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any + Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. aabboorrtt ((CC--gg)) - Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee). ddoo--uuppppeerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--aa,, MM--bb,, MM--_x,, ......)) - If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the command that + If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC)) Metafy the next character typed. EESSCC ff is equivalent to MMeettaa--ff. uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu)) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr)) - Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the - uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--&&)) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<>)) - Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, + Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx)) - Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is - set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is + set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]])) A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of - that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- + that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- rences. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]])) - A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- - rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- + rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- quent occurrences. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##)) - Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- - mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current + Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- + mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a - toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not - match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- + toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not + match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- wise the characters in ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn are deleted from the begin- - ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a - newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn - causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. - If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be + ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn + causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. + If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line will be executed by the shell. gglloobb--ccoommpplleettee--wwoorrdd ((MM--gg)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern - is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern + is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible completions. gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx **)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted, - replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted, + replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. gglloobb--lliisstt--eexxppaannssiioonnss ((CC--xx gg)) - The list of expansions that would have been generated by - gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a - numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before + The list of expansions that would have been generated by + gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a + numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss - Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out- - put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to - the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, - the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part + the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, + the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss - Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. ddiissppllaayy--sshheellll--vveerrssiioonn ((CC--xx CC--vv)) - Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. + Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn - When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for - which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using - the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the pro- + When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for + which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using + the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the pro- grammable completion facilities are invoked. - First, the command name is identified. If a compspec has been defined + First, the command name is identified. If a compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of possible - completions for the word. If the command word is a full pathname, a - compspec for the full pathname is searched for first. If no compspec - is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to find a compspec + completions for the word. If the command word is a full pathname, a + compspec for the full pathname is searched for first. If no compspec + is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. - Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of - matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- + Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of + matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- tion as described above under CCoommpplleettiinngg is performed. - First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches - which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the - --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the + First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches + which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the + --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable FFIIGGNNOORREE is used to filter the matches. - Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG + Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not - match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not + match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the FFIIGGNNOORREE variable is used. - Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- - ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- - cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is - then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as + Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- + ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- + cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is + then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as described above under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN. The results are split using the rules described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg. The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. - After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command - specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or + After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command + specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE, CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT, CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY, and CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE variables are assigned values as described above under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess. - If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the - first argument is the name of the command whose arguments are being - completed, the second argument is the word being completed, and the - third argument is the word preceding the word being completed on the - current command line. No filtering of the generated completions - against the word being completed is performed; the function or command + If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD + variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the + first argument is the name of the command whose arguments are being + completed, the second argument is the word being completed, and the + third argument is the word preceding the word being completed on the + current command line. No filtering of the generated completions + against the word being completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches. - Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use - any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described - below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions + Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use + any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described + below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable. - Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- - ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of - completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be + Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- + ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of + completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary. - After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- - fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- - tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced - with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped - with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. - Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. + After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- + fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- + tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced + with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped + with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. + Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. A leading !! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match- ing the pattern will be removed. @@ -3375,136 +3378,136 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions. - If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the - --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was + If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the + --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted. - If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec + If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. - By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned - to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The + By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned + to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The default bbaasshh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of filename completion is disabled. If the --oo bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt option was sup- - plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- + plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the --oo - ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, - readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, + ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, + readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default bbaasshh completions) generate no matches. - When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, - the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash - to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to - the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the + When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, + the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash + to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to + the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the setting of the mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable. HHIISSTTOORRYY - When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell + When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously - typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of + typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of commands to save in a history list. The text of the last HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE com- - mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the - history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values + mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the + history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN + above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE and HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari- - able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value - of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the - number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. When the his- - tory file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character - followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the - preceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed - depending on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When an inter- - active shell exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the his- + able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value + of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the + number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. When the his- + tory file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character + followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the + preceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed + depending on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When an inter- + active shell exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the his- tory list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the lines - are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over- - written. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, - the history is not saved. If the variable is set, time stamps are + are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over- + written. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, + the history is not saved. If the variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the history comment character, - so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses the history - comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. - After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no - more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE is not set, no trunca- + so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses the history + comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. + After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no + more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE is not set, no trunca- tion is performed. - The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used + The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss-- - ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and - manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search - commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the + ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and + manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search + commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. - The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history + The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The ccmmddhhiisstt shell - option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a - multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where - necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option - causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of + option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a + multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where + necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option + causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell options. HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the - history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features - are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive + The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the + history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features + are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion by default. History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input - stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a + stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous commands quickly. - History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is - read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two - parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to + History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is + read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two + parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the history - is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are - _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected + is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are + _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when read- - ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by - quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by - the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by - default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history + ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by + quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by + the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by + default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history expansion character. - Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- - lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, - tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is + Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- + lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, + tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled, (( will also inhibit expansion. - Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to - tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell + Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to + tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell option is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin), and rreeaadd-- lliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to - the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the + the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for further modification. If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed history sub- stitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for correc- - tion. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be used to see + tion. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss option to the - hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of the history - list without actually executing them, so that they are available for + hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of the history + list without actually executing them, so that they are available for subsequent recall. - The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history + The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll - VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- + VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- tory timestamps when writing the history file. EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- tory list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. !!--_n Refer to the current command line minus _n. @@ -3512,21 +3515,21 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN !!_s_t_r_i_n_g Refer to the most recent command starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] - Refer to the most recent command containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trail- + Refer to the most recent command containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trail- ing ?? may be omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a new- line. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 + Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' (see MMoodd-- iiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: - separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be - omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words - are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being - denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: + separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be + omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words + are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being + denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- rated by single spaces. 00 ((zzeerroo)) @@ -3536,17 +3539,17 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN $$ The last argument. %% The word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search. _x--_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'. - ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. - It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the + ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. + It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$. xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word. - If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event. MMooddiiffiieerrss - After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one + After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. hh Remove a trailing file name component, leaving only the head. @@ -3555,74 +3558,74 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ee Remove all but the trailing suffix. pp Print the new command but do not execute it. qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at + xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at bbllaannkkss and newlines. ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w// - Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event - line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final - delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event - line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single - backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- - gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to - the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- + Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event + line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final + delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event + line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single + backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- + gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to + the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- tions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. && Repeat the previous substitution. gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is - used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. - If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and - the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. + If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and + the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg. - GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event + GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event line. SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the - options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options + options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, bbrreeaakk, ccoonnttiinnuuee, lleett, - and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning with -- with- - out requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but are not - specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with -- as + and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning with -- with- + out requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but are not + specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpretation. :: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s - and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is + No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s + and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is returned. .. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell - environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- + Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell + environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, file - names in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_- - _n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. - When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is - searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option - to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not - searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- - tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the - positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the - status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no - commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or + names in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_- + _n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. + When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is + searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option + to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not + searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- + tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the + positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the + status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no + commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot be read. aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of - aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When - arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose + aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When + arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- - plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass - returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been + For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- + plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass + returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it + Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless - run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control - enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless + run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control + enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started without job control. bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVV] @@ -3631,28 +3634,28 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q:_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e bbiinndd _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key - sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee - variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would - appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed - as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. + Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key + sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee + variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would + appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed + as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --mm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- - _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, - and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, + and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. --ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions. - --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a + --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read. --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. - --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output in such a way that they can be re- + --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output in such a way that they can be re- read. - --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. - --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way + --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way that they can be re-read. --VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values. --ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e @@ -3664,150 +3667,150 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr _k_e_y_s_e_q Remove any current binding for _k_e_y_s_e_q. --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q::_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is - entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets - the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- - lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the + Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is + entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets + the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd-- + lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the current location of the insertion point. If the executed - command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- - LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the + command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD-- + LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the editing state. - The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or + The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. bbrreeaakk [_n] - Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is - specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater - than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are - exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or + Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is + specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater + than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are + exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and + Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function - whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- + whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- tionality of the builtin within the function. The ccdd builtin is - commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if + commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- - tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins. With- + tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins. With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of - the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- + the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, - and source file corresponding to that position in the current - execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for - example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. - The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- - routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in + and source file corresponding to that position in the current + execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for + example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. + The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- + routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. ccdd [--LL||--PP] [_d_i_r] - Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HHOOMMEE is the - default _d_i_r. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for - the directory containing _d_i_r. Alternative directory names in - CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in - CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If - _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not used. The --PP - option says to use the physical directory structure instead of - following symbolic links (see also the --PP option to the sseett + Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HHOOMMEE is the + default _d_i_r. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for + the directory containing _d_i_r. Alternative directory names in + CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in + CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If + _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not used. The --PP + option says to use the physical directory structure instead of + following symbolic links (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces symbolic links to be fol- - lowed. An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non- - empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first - argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute + lowed. An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non- + empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first + argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard - output. The return value is true if the directory was success- + output. The return value is true if the directory was success- fully changed; false otherwise. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function - lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or file name + option causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee - builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches - to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the - various shell variables set by the programmable completion + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches + to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the + various shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. - The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- - grammable completion code had generated them directly from a + The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- + grammable completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is speci- fied, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--EE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--EE] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing - completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing + completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- - ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- + ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- pletion specifications. The --EE option indicates that the - remaining options and actions should apply to ``empty'' command + remaining options and actions should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- ggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory - names, quoting special characters, or suppress- - ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory + names, quoting special characters, or suppress- + ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the - default) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the + default) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are - generated, directory name completion is - attempted and any matches are added to the + After any matches defined by the compspec are + generated, directory name completion is + attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -3815,7 +3818,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -3824,17 +3827,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -3843,165 +3846,165 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to generate the possible completions. --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. The possible completions are the members - of the resultant list which match the word being com- + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. The possible completions are the members + of the resultant list which match the word being com- pleted. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. --FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n - The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current - shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com- - pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY + The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current + shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com- + pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable. --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this - case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-execution completion if no _n_a_m_es - are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion - options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible - values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-execution completion if no _n_a_m_es + are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion + options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible + values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin described above. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an - attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no comple- + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an + attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no comple- tion specification exists, or an output error occurs. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of - enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of + enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFiillrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options are ignored. When --pp is - supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it will display the attributes - and values of all variables having the attributes specified by - the additional options. If no other options are supplied with - --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attributes and values of all shell - variables. The --ff option will restrict the display to shell + supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it will display the attributes + and values of all variables having the attributes specified by + the additional options. If no other options are supplied with + --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the attributes and values of all shell + variables. The --ff option will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option inhibits the display of function defi- - nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If - the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source + nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If + the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where the function is defined are dis- - played as well. The --FF option implies --ff. The following - options can be used to restrict output to variables with the + played as well. The --FF option implies --ff. The following + options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or to give variables attributes: - --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). - --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --ff Use function names only. --ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua- - tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN )) is performed when the + tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN )) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. - --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case - characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case + --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case + characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case attribute is disabled. --rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. - --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions - inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling - shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for + --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions + inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling + shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case - characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case + --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case + characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case attribute is disabled. - --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the + --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. - Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with + Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari- - able and ++rr wwiillll nnoott rreemmoovvee tthhee rreeaaddoonnllyy aattttrriibbuuttee.. WWhheenn uusseedd + able and ++rr wwiillll nnoott rreemmoovvee tthhee rreeaaddoonnllyy aattttrriibbuuttee.. WWhheenn uusseedd iinn aa ffuunnccttiioonn,, mmaakkeess eeaacchh _n_a_m_e llooccaall,, aass wwiitthh tthhee llooccaall command. If a variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the vari- - able is set to _v_a_l_u_e. The return value is 0 unless an invalid - option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function - using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an + able is set to _v_a_l_u_e. The return value is 0 unless an invalid + option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function + using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a + readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without using the compound assignment syntax (see - AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable + AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a read- - only variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for - an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-exis- + only variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for + an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-exis- tent function with --ff. ddiirrss [[++_n]] [[--_n]] [[--ccppllvv]] - Without options, displays the list of currently remembered - directories. The default display is on a single line with - directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to - the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes + Without options, displays the list of currently remembered + directories. The default display is on a single line with + directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to + the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes entries from the list. ++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the + --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries. - --ll Produces a longer listing; the default listing format + --ll Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. --pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line. - --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- + --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- fixing each entry with its index in the stack. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n + The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Without options, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is removed from the table of - active jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither --aa nnoorr --rr - iiss ssuupppplliieedd,, tthhee sshheellll''ss nnoottiioonn ooff tthhee _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b iiss uusseedd.. IIff + Without options, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is removed from the table of + active jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither --aa nnoorr --rr + iiss ssuupppplliieedd,, tthhee sshheellll''ss nnoottiioonn ooff tthhee _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b iiss uusseedd.. IIff tthhee --hh ooppttiioonn iiss ggiivveenn,, eeaacchh _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the ta- - ble, but is marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the - shell receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is present, and neither - the --aa nor the --rr option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. + ble, but is marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the + shell receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is present, and neither + the --aa nor the --rr option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option means to remove or mark - all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c argument restricts - operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_- + all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c argument restricts + operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_- _s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job. eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...] - Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. + Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. The return status is always 0. If --nn is specified, the trailing - newline is suppressed. If the --ee option is given, interpreta- - tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. - The --EE option disables the interpretation of these escape char- - acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. - The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used to dynamically determine - whether or not eecchhoo expands these escape characters by default. - eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean the end of options. eecchhoo + newline is suppressed. If the --ee option is given, interpreta- + tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. + The --EE option disables the interpretation of these escape char- + acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. + The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used to dynamically determine + whether or not eecchhoo expands these escape characters by default. + eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape sequences: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -4013,184 +4016,184 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab \\\\ backslash - \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin + Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though - the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. - If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are + to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though + the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. + If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH - instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. - The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from + instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. + The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. - The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. + The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu- - ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn - is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- - plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- - tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the - output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return - value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an + ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn + is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- + plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- + tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the + output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return + value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] - The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- - mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and - its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are + The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- + mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and + its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0. eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process - is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process + is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin- - ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what + ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with - an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e + an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless the shell option eexxeeccffaaiill is enabled, in which case it - returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the + not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless the shell option eexxeeccffaaiill is enabled, in which case it + returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redi- rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status - is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. + is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. eexxiitt [_n] - Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, + Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates. eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eexxppoorrtt --pp - The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- - ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is - given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or - if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all names that are - exported in this shell is printed. The --nn option causes the - export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable - name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to - _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid - option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell + The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- + ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is + given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or + if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all names that are + exported in this shell is printed. The --nn option causes the + export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable + name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to + _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid + option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a func- tion. ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] - Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t - to _l_a_s_t is selected from the history list. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may - be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning - with that string) or as a number (an index into the history + Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t + to _l_a_s_t is selected from the history list. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may + be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning + with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur- rent command number). If _l_a_s_t is not specified it is set to the - current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the + current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t otherwise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not spec- - ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for + ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. - The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The - --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option - is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- - wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing - those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT - variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. - If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- + The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The + --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option + is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- + wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing + those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT + variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. + If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance - of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. A useful alias to use with this is - ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command + In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance + of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. A useful alias to use with this is + ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com- mand. - If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an - invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history - lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return + If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history + lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second - form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- - cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in + form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- + cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffcc returns failure. ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] - Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. + Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b - is used. The return value is that of the command placed into - the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled + is used. The return value is that of the command placed into + the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec- - ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started + ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] - ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- - ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- - nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is - expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it - by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not - be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss - places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing + ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- + ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- + nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is + expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it + by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not + be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss + places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to - 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an - option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into - the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- - cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to + 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an + option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into + the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- + cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame- ters is to be used. - When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a - return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of + When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a + return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and nnaammee is set to ?. - ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more + ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead. - ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character - of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In - normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid - options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the - variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- + ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character + of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In + normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid + options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the + variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an invalid option is seen, ggeettooppttss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if - not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If - ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in + not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If + ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOPPTTAARRGG and no diagnostic message is printed. - If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, - a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a - diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a - colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option + If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, + a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a + diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a + colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option character found. - ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is + ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] - For each _n_a_m_e, the full file name of the command is determined + For each _n_a_m_e, the full file name of the command is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remembered. If the --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is used as the full file name of the command. The --rr option causes - the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd option + the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each _n_a_m_e. - If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to which each - _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are - supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the hashed full + If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to which each + _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are + supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be displayed in a for- - mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or + mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remembered commands is - printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found + printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -4206,44 +4209,44 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered - since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered + since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines - appended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines + appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. --rr Read the contents of the history file and use them as the current history. - --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- + --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- ing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT is set, the time stamp information associ- - ated with each history entry is written to the history file, - marked with the history comment character. When the history + ated with each history entry is written to the history file, + marked with the history comment character. When the history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character - followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps - for the previous history line. The return value is 0 unless an - invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or - writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is supplied as an + followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps + for the previous history line. The return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or + writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is supplied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails. @@ -4252,180 +4255,180 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed - status since the user was last notified of their status. + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + status since the user was last notified of their status. --rr Restrict output to running jobs. --ss Restrict output to stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true - if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true + if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- tion and its children. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of - local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use + local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless - llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, + llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] + mmaappffiillee [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] + rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] Read lines from the standard input into array variable _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is supplied. The vari- - able MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have + able MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. --tt Remove a trailing line from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next - array element to be assigned as an additional argument. _c_a_l_l_- - _b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array + array element to be assigned as an additional argument. _c_a_l_l_- + _b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option argument is supplied, or _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which - contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are - simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, - which are converted and copied to the standard output, and for- - mat specifications, each of which causes printing of the next + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which + contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are + simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, + which are converted and copied to the standard output, and for- + mat specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) for- - mats, %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in - the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, + mats, %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in + the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal escapes - beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits), and %%qq causes + beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits), and %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can be reused as shell input. - The --vv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable + The --vv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories - and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, + and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding - directories to the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding + directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well. - If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r - fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- - tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is - specified, or the directory change to the specified new current + If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r + fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- + tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is + specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error - occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file - descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file + descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the - second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- - ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer + second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- + ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names - are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to - split the line into words. The backslash character (\\) may be - used to remove any special meaning for the next character read - and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol- + are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to + split the line into words. The backslash character (\\) may be + used to remove any special meaning for the next character read + and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol- lowing meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array @@ -4433,123 +4436,123 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m - The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the + The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the input line, rather than newline. --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee - (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- - line uses the current (or default, if line editing was + (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- + line uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously active) editing settings. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input. --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t Display _p_r_o_m_p_t on standard error, without a trailing new- line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_- - _o_u_t may be a decimal number with a fractional portion - following the decimal point. This option is only effec- - tive if rreeaadd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or - other special file; it has no effect when reading from - regular files. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd returns success if - input is available on the specified file descriptor, - failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_- + _o_u_t may be a decimal number with a fractional portion + following the decimal point. This option is only effec- + tive if rreeaadd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or + other special file; it has no effect when reading from + regular files. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd returns success if + input is available on the specified file descriptor, + failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari- - able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is - encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the return code is - greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as + able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is + encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the return code is + greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAppff] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so - marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed - arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative - arrays. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is - supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The --pp - option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be - reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the - value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return status is 0 + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed + arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative + arrays. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is + supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The --pp + option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be + reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the + value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not - a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that + a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _n. - If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command - executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but - during execution of a script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it + Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _n. + If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command + executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but + during execution of a script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either - _n or the exit status of the last command executed within the - script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a - function and not during execution of a script by .., the return + _n or the exit status of the last command executed within the + script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a + function and not during execution of a script by .., the return status is false. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is - executed before execution resumes after the function or script. + executed before execution resumes after the function or script. sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] - Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are + Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- - not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. - The output is sorted according to the current locale. When - options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any - arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- + not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. + The output is sorted according to the current locale. When + options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any + arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to - $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following + $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following meanings: - --aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are - modified or created for export to the environment of + --aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are + modified or created for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a - single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _s_u_b_s_h_e_l_l command enclosed in - parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of - a command list enclosed by braces (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a + single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _s_u_b_s_h_e_l_l command enclosed in + parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of + a command list enclosed by braces (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not - exit if the command that fails is part of the command - list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, - part of the test following the iiff or eelliiff reserved - words, part of any command executed in a &&&& or |||| list - except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any - command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's - return value is being inverted with !!. A trap on EERRRR, + exit if the command that fails is part of the command + list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, + part of the test following the iiff or eelliiff reserved + words, part of any command executed in a &&&& or |||| list + except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any + command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's + return value is being inverted with !!. A trap on EERRRR, if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi- - ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). Background pro- - cesses run in a separate process group and a line con- - taining their exit status is printed upon their comple- + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). Background pro- + cesses run in a separate process group and a line con- + taining their exit status is printed upon their comple- tion. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -4557,10 +4560,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with - the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the + the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. eerrrrttrraaccee Same as --EE. @@ -4574,8 +4577,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command - ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll + The effect is as if the shell command + ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -4590,213 +4593,213 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. - vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. + vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the - current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no - _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the - current option settings is displayed on the standard + current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no + _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the + current option settings is displayed on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, - CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they appear in the - environment, are ignored. If the shell is started with + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, + CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they appear in the + environment, are ignored. If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the real user - (group) id, and the --pp option is not supplied, these - actions are taken and the effective user id is set to - the real user id. If the --pp option is supplied at - startup, the effective user id is not reset. Turning - this option off causes the effective user and group ids + (group) id, and the --pp option is not supplied, these + actions are taken and the effective user id is set to + the real user id. If the --pp option is supplied at + startup, the effective user id is not reset. Turning + this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables as an error when performing param- - eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset + eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or associated word list. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by - shell functions, command substitutions, and commands - executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + shell functions, command substitutions, and commands + executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The - options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of - the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The + options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of + the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are - unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to - $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, - it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional - parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are + unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to + $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, + it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional + parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav- ior. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list of all set- table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not - each is set. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a - form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol- + each is set. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a + form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, the dis- + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, the dis- play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec- - tively. Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled + tively. Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting - options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting + options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command - and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command + and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- UUMMNNSS. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows easy re-editing of multi-line commands. ccoommppaatt3311 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted arguments to the conditional com- mand's =~ operator. ddiirrssppeellll - If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory - names during word completion if the directory name ini- + If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory + names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of pathname expansion. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is + If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to rreettuurrnn is simulated. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above. - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRROORR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a - description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by + description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by default. gglloobbssttaarr If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con- @@ -4807,58 +4810,58 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named - by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell + If set, the history list is appended to the file named + by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter- active login shell exits. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. pprrooggccoommpp If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo-- @@ -4866,47 +4869,47 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS enabled by default. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote - removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote + removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in + The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta- - tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- + tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- plied, or if job control is not enabled. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] - Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the - conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and operand must be - a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries - described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. tteesstt does not + Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the + conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and operand must be + a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries + described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation depends on the number of arguments; see below. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -4923,73 +4926,78 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval- - uated according to precedence using the rules listed + uated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are - case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c - is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit from the shell. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is executed before every - _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every - arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the first command executes in - a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). Refer to the - description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for - details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, - the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a simple command has a - non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The - EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the - command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, - part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed - in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return value is being - inverted via !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the - eerrrreexxiitt option. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is exe- - cuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. - or ssoouurrccee builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon - entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals - that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in - a child process when it is created. The return status is false - if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. + + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the + first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the + sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell + function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- + ishes executing. + + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a sim- + ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following + conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command + is part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or + uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a + command executed in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return + value is being inverted via !!. These are the same conditions + obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt option. + + Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or + reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to + their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when + one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is + invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 719570f01..7f8c78550 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2009 March 4BASH(1) +BASH(1)2009 May 26BASH(1)

Index @@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ operators do not evaluate expression2 if the value of the entire conditional expression. -
for name [ in word ] ; do list ; done
+
for name [ [ in [ word ... ] ] ; ] do list ; done
The list of words following in is expanded, generating a list of items. The variable name is set to each element of this list @@ -2576,8 +2576,8 @@ prompt.
If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of -trailing directory components to retain when expanding the \w and -\W prompt string escapes (see +trailing directory components to retain when expanding the \w and +\W prompt string escapes (see PROMPTING @@ -2866,13 +2866,17 @@ Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to referencing the array with a subscript of 0.

+An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a +value. The null string is a valid value. +

+ The unset builtin is used to destroy arrays. unset name[subscript] destroys the array element at index subscript. -Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename -generation. +Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname +expansion. unset name, where name is an array, or unset name[subscript], where subscript is * or @, removes the entire array. @@ -3858,7 +3862,7 @@ The special pattern characters have the following meanings:

Matches any string, including the null string. When the globstar shell option is enabled, and * is used in -a filename expansion context, two adjacent *s used as a single +a pathname expansion context, two adjacent *s used as a single pattern will match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. If followed by a /, two adjacent *s will match only directories @@ -4625,9 +4629,11 @@ The first element of the variable is set to the name of the function while the function is executing. +

+ All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical between a function and its caller -with the exception that the +with these exceptions: the DEBUG @@ -4649,7 +4655,13 @@ below) are not inherited unless the function has been given the builtin below) or the -o functrace shell option has been enabled with the set builtin -(in which case all functions inherit the DEBUG and RETURN traps). +(in which case all functions inherit the DEBUG and RETURN traps), +and the +ERR + + +trap is not inherited unless the -o errtrace shell option has +been enabled.

Variables local to the function may be declared with the @@ -4989,11 +5001,9 @@ True if the strings are equal. = may be used in place of

string1 != string2
True if the strings are not equal.
string1 < string2
-True if string1 sorts before string2 lexicographically -in the current locale. +True if string1 sorts before string2 lexicographically.
string1 > string2
-True if string1 sorts after string2 lexicographically -in the current locale. +True if string1 sorts after string2 lexicographically.
arg1 OP arg2
@@ -7393,7 +7403,7 @@ variable is used to filter the matches.

-Any completions specified by a filename expansion pattern to the +Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the -G option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not match the word being completed. @@ -8644,7 +8654,7 @@ Names of all shell variables. May also be specified as -v.

-G globpat
-The filename expansion pattern globpat is expanded to generate +The pathname expansion pattern globpat is expanded to generate the possible completions.
-W wordlist
The wordlist is split using the characters in the @@ -8667,7 +8677,7 @@ of the array variable.
-X filterpat
-filterpat is a pattern as used for filename expansion. +filterpat is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching filterpat is removed from the list. @@ -10988,7 +10998,7 @@ This option is enabled by default.
globstar
-If set, the pattern ** used in a filename expansion context will +If set, the pattern ** used in a pathname expansion context will match a files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /, only directories and subdirectories match. @@ -11349,6 +11359,9 @@ Each is either a signal name defined in <signal.h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. +

+ + If a sigspec @@ -11382,6 +11395,21 @@ Refer to the description of the extdebug option to the If a sigspec +is +RETURN, + + +the command +arg + +is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the +. or source builtins finishes executing. +

+ + +If a +sigspec + is ERR, @@ -11417,21 +11445,12 @@ being inverted via !. These are the same conditions obeyed by the errexit option. -If a -sigspec +

-is -RETURN, - -the command -arg - -is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the -. or source builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original -values in a child process when it is created. +values in a subshell or subshell environment when one is created. The return status is false if any sigspec @@ -12073,7 +12092,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.

-
GNU Bash-4.02009 March 4BASH(1) +GNU Bash-4.02009 May 26BASH(1)
@@ -12179,6 +12198,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
-Time: 05 March 2009 07:55:02 EST +Time: 08 June 2009 08:33:25 EDT diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 58ca20797..3612b8dd5 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2 -%%CreationDate: Thu Mar 5 07:54:57 2009 +%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 8 08:33:18 2009 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ E F2(po)2.5 E F0(\(portable object\) \214le format.)2.5 E F2 144 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(\255\255login)108 703.2 Q F0 (Equi)144 715.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F22.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(1)200.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(1)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)108 679.2 S(SH_ENV).27 E F0 1.01(in the en) 108 727.2 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G (TH)-.189 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is not used to search for the \214le name.).25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(2)200.95 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(2)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ F1(Pipelines)87 691.2 Q F0(A)108 703.2 Q F2(pipeline)2.996 E F0 .496(is\ a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of the control ope\ rators)2.996 F F1(|)2.996 E F0(or)2.996 E F1(|&)2.996 E F0 5.496(.T)C (he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(3)200.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2009 May 26)147.345 E(3)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ E(\(\()108 703.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 (A-)-.54 E(TION)144 727.2 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .411(If the v) 4.911 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero, the retur\ n status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(4)200.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2009 May 26)147.345 E(4)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -792,18 +792,19 @@ Q F1(&&)3.299 E F0(and)3.299 E F53.298 E F0 .798 -.2(ex)3.298 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 .798(is suf)3.298 F .798 (\214cient to)-.25 F(determine the return v)144 549.6 Q (alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F1 -.25(fo) -108 566.4 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 -.423(The list of w)144 578.4 R .423(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in) -2.923 E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423(xpanded, generating a list of items.) --.15 F .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.924 E F0 .424 -(is set to)2.924 F .653(each element of this list in turn, and)144 590.4 -R F2(list)3.153 E F0 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 -(cuted each time.).15 F .653(If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .653(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 -.648(command e)144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 -.648(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F3 --.666(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.899 E(w\).)-.25 E .154 +108 566.4 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F1(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2 +(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5(]];])2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 +E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .423(The list of w)144 578.4 R .423 +(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.923 E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423 +(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable) +-.25 E F2(name)2.924 E F0 .424(is set to)2.924 F .653 +(each element of this list in turn, and)144 590.4 R F2(list)3.153 E F0 +.653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F .653 +(If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 +(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .648(command e) +144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 .648 +(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F3 -.666 +(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.899 E(w\).)-.25 E .154 (The return status is the e)144 614.4 R .153 (xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.653 (cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F @@ -833,7 +834,7 @@ F2(list)3.092 E F0 .592(is e)3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592 (list)2.728 E F0 .228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f) .15 F .228(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 E -.15(ex)144 715.2 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(5)200.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(5)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -987,7 +988,7 @@ F .511(xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .511(cuting shell.).15 F .511 3.131(_PID. The)B F1(wait)3.131 E F0 -.2(bu)3.131 G .631 (iltin command may be used to w).2 F(ait)-.1 E (for the coprocess to terminate.)108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(6)200.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2009 May 26)147.345 E(6)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1112,8 +1113,8 @@ F .082(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F2(!)2.581 E F0 .081 (Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded)5.605 F(as follo) 108 681.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 693.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F2 (\\b)144 705.6 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F2(\\e)144 717.6 Q F0 -(an escape character)28.78 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E -(7)200.95 E 0 Cg EP +(an escape character)28.78 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E +(7)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1235,7 +1236,7 @@ l parameter consisting of more than a single digit is e)108 648 R 1.403 (ble quotes, it e)144 724.8 R 1.432(xpands to a single w)-.15 F 1.432 (ord with the v)-.1 F 1.433 (alue of each parameter separated by the \214rst)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(8)200.95 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(8)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1362,7 +1363,7 @@ E F0 1.242(The command currently being e)144 717.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 729.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(9)200.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(9)202.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1464,8 +1465,8 @@ F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F (ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 (yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 (acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 -730.8 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4) -145.96 E(10)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +730.8 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26) +147.345 E(10)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1564,7 +1565,7 @@ F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1(OPT)108 693.6 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626 (gument processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 717.6 S(IL) .09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(11)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(11)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1659,7 +1660,7 @@ en printing selection lists.).2 F (in)144 705.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acility \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(12)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(12)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1779,8 +1780,8 @@ F1(HOME)108 648 Q F0 1.27 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F 1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 720 R 1.059 (xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(13) -195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(alue is changed,)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(13) +197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1888,7 +1889,7 @@ F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 648 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 (The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) -.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 720 R F1(bash)28.829 E F0 31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0) -72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(14)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(14)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1910,11 +1911,11 @@ F0(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F (cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F2(PR) 108 168 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 (If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 180 R .676 -(alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .34 -(nents to retain when e)144 192 R .34(xpanding the)-.15 F F2 .339 -(\\w and \\W pr)2.84 F .339(ompt string escapes \(see)-.18 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.839 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.589 E(w\).)-.25 E -(Characters remo)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +(alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 +(nents to retain when e)144 192 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F2(\\w)3.423 +E F0(and)3.423 E F2(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) +3.423 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E +(w\).)-.25 E(Characters remo)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F2(PS1)108 216 Q F0 .064(The v) 19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F4(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 @@ -1994,7 +1995,7 @@ F2(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546 702 R F2(Bash)2.774 E F0 .274(uses its v)2.774 F .274 (alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F2(Bash)2.773 E F0 .273 (creates temporary \214les for the)2.773 F(shell')144 714 Q 2.5(su)-.55 -G(se.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(15)195.95 E 0 +G(se.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(15)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -2132,7 +2133,7 @@ F .227(to the e)108 727.2 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 (Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 (\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(16)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(16)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2146,277 +2147,281 @@ BP 5.462(.R)-.65 G .462(eferencing an array v)-5.462 F .463 (ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .463 (lent to referencing the array).25 F(with a subscript of 0.)108 108 Q -(The)108 124.8 Q F2(unset)2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267 +.168(An array v)108 124.8 R .168 +(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 F +2.668(alue. The)-.25 F .168(null string is a v)2.668 F .168(alid v)-.25 +F(alue.)-.25 E(The)108 141.6 Q F2(unset)2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267 (iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset) 5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 -E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E -(script)108 136.8 Q F0 6.38(.C)C 1.38(are must be tak)-6.38 F 1.38 -(en to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G 1.38(id unw).2 F 1.38(anted side ef)-.1 F -1.38(fects caused by \214lename generation.)-.25 F F2(unset)6.38 E F1 -(name)3.88 E F0(,)A(where)108 148.8 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E -2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F2(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1(subscript) -A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 165.6 Q F2(declar)3.574 E(e) --.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.574 E F0 3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F2 -.18(re) -3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F +E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E +(script)108 153.6 Q F0 6.205(.C)C 1.205(are must be tak)-6.205 F 1.205 +(en to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G 1.205(id unw).2 F 1.205(anted side ef)-.1 F +1.204(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)6.204 +E F1(name)3.704 E F0(,)A(where)108 165.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array) +2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F2(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1 +(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0 +(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 182.4 Q F2(declar)3.573 E(e) +-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F2 -.18(re) +3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F23.573 E F0 1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073(rray and a)-3.573 F F23.573 E F0 .751 -(option to specify an associati)108 177.6 R 1.051 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) -.15 E 5.751(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.751 E F2 -.18(re)3.251 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.251 G .752(iltin accepts a).2 F F23.252 E F0 .752 -(option to assign a list of w)3.252 F .752(ords read)-.1 F .502 -(from the standard input to an array)108 189.6 R 5.502(.T)-.65 G(he) +G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074(rray and a)-3.574 F F23.574 E F0 .752 +(option to specify an associati)108 194.4 R 1.052 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) +.15 E 5.752(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.752 E F2 -.18(re)3.252 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.252 G .752(iltin accepts a).2 F F23.252 E F0 .751 +(option to assign a list of w)3.251 F .751(ords read)-.1 F .502 +(from the standard input to an array)108 206.4 R 5.502(.T)-.65 G(he) -5.502 E F2(set)3.002 E F0(and)3.002 E F2(declar)3.002 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)3.002 G .502(iltins display array v).2 F .502(alues in a w)-.25 F -.502(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E(them to be reused as assignments.)108 -201.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 218.4 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Ex\ +.503(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E(them to be reused as assignments.)108 +218.4 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 235.2 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Ex\ pansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into w) -108 230.4 R 3.26(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26 -(nk).15 G .76(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 242.4 S .37 +108 247.2 R 3.26(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26 +(nk).15 G .76(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 259.2 S .369 (pansion performed:).15 F F1(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par) 2.869 E .369(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 -.369(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 254.4 Q F0(,).24 E F1 +.37(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 271.2 Q F0(,).24 E F1 (arithmetic e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G (plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion) --.2 E F0(.).24 E .47(The order of e)108 271.2 R .471 +-.2 E F0(.).24 E .471(The order of e)108 288 R .471 (xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471 -(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G .471 -(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E -(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 283.2 Q +(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G .47(ariable and arithmetic e) +-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E +(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 300 Q (ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 300 Q +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 316.8 Q (xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.5 E -(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 316.8 R 1.487 -(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 -(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 328.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F -1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 340.8 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") +(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.486(Only brace e)108 333.6 R 1.486 +(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 +(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 +(ex)108 345.6 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F +1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 357.6 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") -2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G (xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2 -(Brace Expansion)87 357.6 Q F1(Br)108.58 369.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F +(Brace Expansion)87 374.4 Q F1(Br)108.58 386.4 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F (xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 381.6 Q F1 .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 398.4 Q F1 .415 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 393.6 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 410.4 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 405.6 R +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 422.4 R .563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 417.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 429.6 Q .718(Brace e)108 446.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 +ch resulting string, e)108 434.4 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 446.4 Q .719(Brace e)108 463.2 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 458.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As) -108 475.2 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 -(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.243 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A -F2(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F1(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F1(y) -3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 487.2 Q F1(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G +108 475.2 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 +(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) +108 492 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 +(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.242 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A +F2(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F1(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F1(y) +3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 504 Q F1(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 -499.2 R F1(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F1(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) --2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .077 -(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 -(same width.)108 511.2 R .014(When either)5.014 F F1(x)2.514 E F0(or) -2.514 E F1(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ -empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 523.2 R -6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F -(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 535.2 S .541(pands to each character le) -.15 F .541(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.042 E F1 -(y)3.042 E F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G -.542(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F1(y)3.042 E F0 -.542(must be of)3.042 F .183(the same type.)108 547.2 R .182 -(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.183 F .182 -(ference between each term.)-.25 F .182(The def)5.182 F(ault)-.1 E -(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 559.2 Q .581(Brace e)108 576 R -.581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e) --3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 -(are preserv)108 588 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 -(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 600 Q(xt of the e) --.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.632(Ac) -108 616.8 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132(xpansion must \ -contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F -3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 628.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F -5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 640.8 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 +(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 +516 R F1(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F1(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .078 +(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 +(same width.)108 528 R .015(When either)5.015 F F1(x)2.515 E F0(or)2.515 +E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell attempts \ +to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 540 R 6.143 +(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F(xpression) +-.15 E -.15(ex)108 552 S .542(pands to each character le).15 F .542 +(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F1(y)3.042 E +F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G .542 +(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.041 E F1(y)3.041 E F0 .541 +(must be of)3.041 F .182(the same type.)108 564 R .182 +(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.182 F .183 +(ference between each term.)-.25 F .183(The def)5.183 F(ault)-.1 E +(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 576 Q .582(Brace e)108 592.8 R +.582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e) +-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 +(are preserv)108 604.8 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 616.8 Q +(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) +-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 633.6 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 +(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ +t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 645.6 R 3.441 +(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(unchanged. A)108 657.6 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 -(sion. T)108 652.8 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 +(sion. T)108 669.6 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F2(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 664.8 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ +F2(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 681.6 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) -108 681.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 693.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H -(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 710.4 Q -.65(w,)-.25 -G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(17)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +108 698.4 R(longer than in the abo)108 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H +(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 727.2 Q -.65(w,)-.25 +G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E +(17)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(cho)144 84 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E -(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 100.8 R .618 +-.35 E(or)108 84 Q(cho)144 96 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E +(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618 +(Brace e)108 112.8 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh) -5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 112.8 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 124.8 Q -.15 +5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 124.8 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 136.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 136.8 Q F0 -.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F -.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515 -(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 -(If strict compatibility with)108 148.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 148.8 Q F0 +.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F +.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514 +(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 +(If strict compatibility with)108 160.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 160.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 172.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 177.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 189.6 R 1.086(ord be) --.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 -1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ +87 189.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 201.6 R 1.087(ord be) +-.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 +1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ -ed a)108 201.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 -(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\ -\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 213.6 R -.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 225.6 Q -.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +ed a)108 213.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 +(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\ +\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 225.6 R +.725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 237.6 Q +.522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 237.6 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 249.6 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 249.6 Q .093 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 266.4 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 261.6 Q .092 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 278.4 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 278.4 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 290.4 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 290.4 R F2(N)4.142 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) +5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 302.4 R F2(N)4.141 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -302.4 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 314.4 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G -.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 +314.4 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 326.4 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G +.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 326.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 343.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +108 338.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 355.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 360 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 372 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E -.282(these cases, tilde e)108 372 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E +.281(these cases, tilde e)108 384 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) -.15 F(Consequently)5.282 E 2.782(,o)-.65 G .282 (ne may use \214le names with tildes in assign-)-2.782 F(ments to)108 -384 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 +396 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 -E F1 -.1(Pa)87 400.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `)108 412.8 R -F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F -1.606(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 424.8 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 -(tect the v)108 436.8 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 +E F1 -.1(Pa)87 412.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `)108 424.8 R +F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F +1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 436.8 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 +(tect the v)108 448.8 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 -448.8 Q 1.19 +460.8 Q 1.189 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -465.6 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 477.6 R 2.15 -(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S -(pansion.).15 E(${)108 506.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205 -(The v)144 518.4 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F -F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 -(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 530.4 R F2(par)4.014 E +477.6 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +-3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 +489.6 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 501.6 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 518.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(})A 1.204(The v)144 530.4 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 +(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 +(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 542.4 R F2(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 (wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 542.4 Q 1.509 -(If the \214rst character of)108 559.2 R F2(par)4.009 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 554.4 Q 1.508 +(If the \214rst character of)108 571.2 R F2(par)4.009 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.509(is an e)4.009 F 1.509(xclamation point, a le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.009(lo).15 G 4.008(fv)-4.009 G 1.508 -(ariable indirection is introduced.)-4.258 F F1(Bash)108 571.2 Q F0 .106 +4.009(lo).15 G 4.009(fv)-4.009 G 1.509 +(ariable indirection is introduced.)-4.259 F F1(Bash)108 583.2 Q F0 .106 (uses the v)2.606 F .106(alue of the v)-.25 F .106 (ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(as the name of the v)2.606 F .106(ariable; this v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 -E .352(able is then e)108 583.2 R .352(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .351 +E .351(able is then e)108 595.2 R .351(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .352 (alue is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the v)-.25 F -.351(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.851 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 595.2 Q F0 2.519 -(itself. This)2.519 F .019(is kno)2.519 F .019(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir) -2.519 E .019(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 -F .02(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .02(xpansions of ${!)-.15 F F2 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .02(*} and)B(${)108 607.2 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0 -([)A F2(@)A F0 .763(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .763 -(he e).65 F .763(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263 -(wt)-.25 G .763(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F -(introduce indirection.)108 619.2 Q .334(In each of the cases belo)108 -636 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334 -(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334 -(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(and arithmetic e)108 648 Q -(xpansion.)-.15 E .698(When not performing substring e)108 664.8 R .698 +.352(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.852 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 607.2 Q F0 2.52 +(itself. This)2.52 F .02(is kno)2.52 F .02(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.52 E +.02(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 F .019 +(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .019(xpansions of ${!)-.15 F F2(pr)A +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .019(*} and)B(${)108 619.2 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A +F2(@)A F0 .762(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .763(he e).65 +F .763(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263(wt)-.25 G +.763(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 631.2 +Q .334(In each of the cases belo)108 648 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 +(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 +F(and arithmetic e)108 660 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .697 +(When not performing substring e)108 676.8 R .698 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F -.65(w,)-.25 G F1 -(bash)3.848 E F0 .697(tests for a parameter)3.198 F -(that is unset or null.)108 676.8 Q(Omitting the colon results in a tes\ -t only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E(${)108 693.6 Q F2(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .722(Use Default V) -144 705.6 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 E F2(par)4.472 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F .723(xpansion of)-.15 F -F2(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.)3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-) --.2 E(wise, the v)144 717.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E -(18)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(bash)3.848 E F0 .698(tests for a parameter)3.198 F +(that is unset or null.)108 688.8 Q(Omitting the colon results in a tes\ +t only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E(${)108 705.6 Q F2(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .723(Use Default V) +144 717.6 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F2(par)4.473 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F +F2(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-) +-.2 E(wise, the v)144 729.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E +(18)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.005 -(Assign Default V)144 96 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F1(par) -5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F 2.004 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004(is assigned to) -5.274 F F1(par)144 108 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 G .278(he v) --5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278 -(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.004 +(Assign Default V)144 96 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F1(par) +5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F 2.005 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005(is assigned to) +5.275 F F1(par)144 108 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v) +-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278 +(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F (eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 120 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) 108 132 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .535(Display Err)144 144 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C (f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 156 R -.661(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 156 R +.662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F (interacti)144 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 180 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 @@ -2426,76 +2431,75 @@ BP (xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 204 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 (is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 216 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 228 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .796 -(Substring Expansion.)144 240 R F0 .796(Expands to up to)5.796 F F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .797 +(Substring Expansion.)144 240 R F0 .796(Expands to up to)5.797 F F1 (length)3.296 E F0 .796(characters of)3.296 F F1(par)3.296 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 .797(starting at the character)3.296 F .229(speci\214ed by)144 252 -R F1(of)2.729 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.229(.I)C(f)-5.229 E F1(length)2.729 E +E F0 .796(starting at the character)3.296 F .228(speci\214ed by)144 252 +R F1(of)2.728 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.228(.I)C(f)-5.228 E F1(length)2.728 E F0 .229(is omitted, e)2.729 F .229(xpands to the substring of)-.15 F F1 -(par)2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .228(starting at the char)2.728 F(-)-.2 E -.432(acter speci\214ed by)144 264 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1 +(par)2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .229(starting at the char)2.729 F(-)-.2 E +.433(acter speci\214ed by)144 264 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1 (length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .433 (are arithmetic e)2.933 F .433(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF .433(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 276 S(ION).855 -E F0(belo)2.577 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(length)5.327 E F0 .327(must e)2.827 F +SF .432(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 276 S(ION).855 +E F0(belo)2.576 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(length)5.326 E F0 .326(must e)2.826 F -.25(va)-.25 G .326(luate to a number greater than or equal to zero.).25 -F(If)5.326 E F1(of)2.826 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)2.826 G(luates).25 E -.015(to a number less than zero, the v)144 288 R .015 +F(If)5.327 E F1(of)2.827 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)2.827 G(luates).25 E +.016(to a number less than zero, the v)144 288 R .015 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .015(fset from the end of the v)-.25 F -.016(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.516 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.016(.I)C(f)-5.016 +.015(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.515 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.015(.I)C(f)-5.015 E F1(par)144 300 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.25 E F2(@)3.25 E F0 3.25(,t)C .75(he result is)-3.25 F F1(length)3.25 E F0 .75 (positional parameters be)3.25 F .75(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of)3.25 E (fset)-.18 E F0 5.75(.I)C(f)-5.75 E F1(par)3.25 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .75 -(is an)3.25 F(inde)144 312 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.701(da).15 G .201 -(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-2.701 F F1(length) -2.701 E F0 .202(members of the array be)2.701 F(ginning)-.15 E 1.283 +(is an)3.25 F(inde)144 312 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.702(da).15 G .201 +(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-2.702 F F1(length) +2.701 E F0 .201(members of the array be)2.701 F(ginning)-.15 E 1.282 (with ${)144 324 R F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 -3.783(]}. A)B(ne)3.783 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of) -3.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.282(is tak)3.782 F 1.282(en relati)-.1 F 1.582 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.782(oo).15 G 1.282(ne greater than the maximum)-3.782 -F(inde)144 336 Q 3.434(xo)-.15 G 3.434(ft)-3.434 G .934 -(he speci\214ed array)-3.434 F 5.934(.S)-.65 G .935(ubstring e)-5.934 F -.935(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 F 1.235 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .935 -(rray produces unde-).15 F .262(\214ned results.)144 348 R .261 -(Note that a ne)5.262 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .561 -.15(ve o)-.25 H +3.782(]}. A)B(ne)3.782 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of) +3.932 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.282(is tak)3.782 F 1.282(en relati)-.1 F 1.582 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.782(oo).15 G 1.283(ne greater than the maximum)-3.782 +F(inde)144 336 Q 3.435(xo)-.15 G 3.435(ft)-3.435 G .935 +(he speci\214ed array)-3.435 F 5.935(.S)-.65 G .935(ubstring e)-5.935 F +.935(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 F 1.234 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .934 +(rray produces unde-).15 F .261(\214ned results.)144 348 R .261 +(Note that a ne)5.261 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .561 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .261 (set must be separated from the colon by at least one space to).25 F -.2 -(avo)144 360 S .154(id being confused with the :- e).2 F 2.655 -(xpansion. Substring)-.15 F(inde)2.655 E .155 +(avo)144 360 S .155(id being confused with the :- e).2 F 2.655 +(xpansion. Substring)-.15 F(inde)2.655 E .154 (xing is zero-based unless the positional)-.15 F .532 (parameters are used, in which case the inde)144 372 R .532 (xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 3.032(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)3.032 E(fset) -.18 E F0 .532(is 0, and the posi-)3.032 F(tional parameters are used,) 144 384 Q F2($0)2.5 E F0(is pre\214x)2.5 E(ed to the list.)-.15 E(${)108 400.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 412.8 Q F2(!)A -F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .084(Names matching pr)144 424.8 -R(e\214x.)-.18 E F0 .084(Expands to the names of v)5.084 F .084 -(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 436.8 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F0 -.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257 -(is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F +F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 424.8 +R(e\214x.)-.18 E F0 .084(Expands to the names of v)5.085 F .084 +(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-)-2.584 E .257 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 436.8 R F3(IFS)2.757 E F0 +.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258 +(is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F (within double quotes, each v)144 448.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E (xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 465.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name) A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 477.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0 -(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 489.6 R(eys.)-.1 E F0(If)7.036 E F1 +(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 489.6 R(eys.)-.1 E F0(If)7.036 E F1 (name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)) -.15 E .596(assigned in)144 501.6 R F1(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f) --5.596 E F1(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G -.595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 513.6 Q F0 +.15 E .595(assigned in)144 501.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f) +-5.595 E F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G +.595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 513.6 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -530.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 542.4 S .47 -(rameter length.).1 F F0 .471(The length in characters of the v)5.47 F -.471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 -(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 -554.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 -(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 -(alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.208 E F1(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F +530.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 542.4 S .471 +(rameter length.).1 F F0 .471(The length in characters of the v)5.471 F +.471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.) +2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par)4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 554.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E +F2(*)3.708 E F0(or)3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 +F 1.208(alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F +(If)6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F (array name subscripted by)144 566.4 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he v)-2.5 E (alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 E(.)-.65 E @@ -2504,37 +2508,37 @@ F0 2.5(,t)C(he v)-2.5 E F2(Remo)144 607.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196 (e\214x patter)-.18 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .152(name e)144 -619.2 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be)2.652 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .151(name e)144 +619.2 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be)2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4 +(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .152(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4 (the e)144 631.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4 (alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4 (with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 -.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `)144 643.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If) 5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E F0(or) -2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo)144 +2.781 E F2(*)2.782 E F0 2.782(,t)C .282(he pattern)-2.782 F(remo)144 655.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 667.2 R -(If)5.402 E F1(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F +-3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .401(tant list.)144 667.2 R +(If)5.401 E F1(par)4.151 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.631 F .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) -2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 -(lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E +2.901 E F0 2.902(,t)C .402(he pattern remo)-2.902 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.902 +(lo).25 G(peration)-2.902 E (is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 679.2 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 696 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(19)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2009 May 26)147.345 E(19)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 96 Q .346 -.1 -(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)5.146 E -F1(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 96 Q .347 -.1 +(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n.)-.15 E F0(The)5.147 E +F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 108 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) @@ -2543,274 +2547,275 @@ G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 120 R .226 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 (with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 132 S F2 -(%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 +(%).74 E F0 1.521 -.74('' c)D .042 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F2(*)2.541 E F0 -2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 144 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.542 E F0(or)2.542 E F2(*)2.542 E F0 +2.542(,t)C(he)-2.542 E .441(pattern remo)144 144 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.941 (lo).25 G .441 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 156 R(If) -5.241 E F1(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F2(*)2.74 E -F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G -(per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E +-2.941 F .44(xpansion is the)-.15 F .24(resultant list.)144 156 R(If) +5.24 E F1(par)3.99 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .24(is an array v)3.47 F .241 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.741 E F2(*)2.741 E +F0 2.741(,t)C .241(he pattern remo)-2.741 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.741(lo).25 +G(per)-2.741 E(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 168 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 184.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 196.8 -S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution.)-3.606 E F0(The)6.106 E F1 -(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 +S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution.)-3.607 E F0(The)6.107 E F1 +(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 208.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 -(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 220.8 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 -E F1(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.66 E F0 -2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 -(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 -(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 232.8 R -(If)5.807 E F1(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) -3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 -F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 244.8 S .62 -(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F1 -(pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.12 E F0 3.12 -(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .621(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 256.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E F1(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) +(sion.)144 208.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 +(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 220.8 Q F0 5.161(.I)C(f) +-5.161 E F1(pattern)2.661 E F0(be)2.661 E .161(gins with)-.15 F F2(/) +2.661 E F0 2.661(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.661 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 +.16(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.66 E F0 5.16(.N)C .16 +(ormally only the)-5.16 F .806(\214rst match is replaced.)144 232.8 R +(If)5.806 E F1(pattern)3.306 E F0(be)3.306 E .806(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) +3.306 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.307(tm)-3.306 G .807(ust match at the be)-3.307 +F .807(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 244.8 S .621 +(lue of).25 F F1(par)3.121 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.621(.I)C(f)-5.621 E F1 +(pattern)3.121 E F0(be)3.121 E .621(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.121 E F0 +3.121(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.121 G .62(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F +.62(xpanded v)-.15 F .62(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 256.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E +F0 6.253(.I)C(f)-6.253 E F1(string)3.753 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) 3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/) -3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be) -3.753 F 2.678(omitted. If)144 268.8 R F1(par)3.928 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is)3.408 E F2(@)2.678 E F0(or)2.678 E F2(*)2.679 E F0 2.679(,t)C .179 +3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.254(may be) +3.754 F 2.679(omitted. If)144 268.8 R F1(par)3.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)3.409 E F2(@)2.679 E F0(or)2.679 E F2(*)2.679 E F0 2.679(,t)C .178 (he substitution operation is applied to each positional parameter) --2.679 F .619(in turn, and the e)144 280.8 R .619 +-2.679 F .618(in turn, and the e)144 280.8 R .619 (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.619 E F1(par)4.369 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .618(is an array v)3.849 F .618 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)144 292.8 Q F0(or)3.223 E F2(*) -3.223 E F0 3.223(,t)C .723(he substitution operation is applied to each\ - member of the array in turn, and the e)-3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .619(is an array v)3.849 F .619 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)144 292.8 Q F0(or)3.224 E F2(*) +3.224 E F0 3.224(,t)C .723(he substitution operation is applied to each\ + member of the array in turn, and the e)-3.224 F(xpan-)-.15 E (sion is the resultant list.)144 304.8 Q(${)108 321.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 333.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 345.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 357.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation.)144 369.6 R F0 .438 -(This e)5.438 F .437 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation.)144 369.6 R F0 .437 +(This e)5.437 F .438 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 381.6 Q -F0 .813(is e)3.313 F .813 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.314 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F F2(^)3.314 E F0 .814(operator con)3.314 F -.15(ve) --.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 393.6 Q .181(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1 +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 381.6 Q +F0 .814(is e)3.314 F .813 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.313 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F F2(^)3.313 E F0 .813(operator con)3.313 F -.15(ve) +-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 393.6 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1 (pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F0 .181 -(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .18(rts matching uppercase letters) +(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181(rts matching uppercase letters) .15 F .085(to lo)144 405.6 R 2.585(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)2.585 E F0 (and)2.585 E F2(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15(ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .085(rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085 (xpanded v)-.15 F .085(alue; the)-.25 F F2(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 417.6 Q -F2(,)3.435 E F0 -.15(ex)3.435 G .935(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .934(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .934 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.434(alue.. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.434 E F0(is)3.434 -E 1.12(omitted, it is treated lik)144 429.6 R 3.62(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 -3.62(,w)C 1.12(hich matches e)-3.62 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character) -.15 F 6.121(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) -4.351 E F2(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*)3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121 -(he case)-3.621 F 1.335(modi\214cation operation is applied to each pos\ -itional parameter in turn, and the e)144 441.6 R 1.335(xpansion is the) +F2(,)3.434 E F0 -.15(ex)3.434 G .934(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .934(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .935 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.435(alue.. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.435 E F0(is)3.435 +E 1.121(omitted, it is treated lik)144 429.6 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 +3.621(,w)C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121 +(ry character).15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F1(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0(is)4.35 E F2(@)3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F2(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12 +(he case)-3.62 F 1.335(modi\214cation operation is applied to each posi\ +tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 441.6 R 1.335(xpansion is the) -.15 F 1.308(resultant list.)144 453.6 R(If)6.308 E F1(par)5.058 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 1.308(is an array v)4.538 F 1.308 (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.808 E F0(or)3.808 E F2(*)3.808 E F0 3.808(,t)C 1.308(he case modi\214cation)-3.808 F (operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 465.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F2(Command Substitution) -87 482.4 Q F1 1.698(Command substitution)108 494.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E +87 482.4 Q F1 1.697(Command substitution)108 494.4 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F -1.697(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 506.4 Q F2($\()144 528 Q +1.698(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 506.4 Q F2($\()144 528 Q F1(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 540 Q F2<92>144 552 Q F1(command)A -F2<92>A(Bash)108 568.8 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 -.02(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 +F2<92>A(Bash)108 568.8 Q F0 .02(performs the e)2.52 F .02(xpansion by e) +-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 .019 +(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 (dard output of the command, with an)108 580.8 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 (railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768 -F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 592.8 Q 3.218 -(ym)-.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719 -(uring w)-3.218 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 +F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 592.8 Q 3.219 +(ym)-.15 G .719(ay be remo)-3.219 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.219(dd).15 G .719 +(uring w)-3.219 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 (The command substitution)5.719 F F2($\(cat)3.219 E F1(\214le)3.219 E F2 -(\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 604.8 Q -.25(va) +(\))A F0 .718(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 604.8 Q -.25(va) -.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution \ is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 621.6 R(xcept)-.15 -E .314(when follo)108 633.6 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 -<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ +E .315(when follo)108 633.6 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.815 E F0(,)A F2 +<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F2(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 645.6 R 1.387(using the $\() -3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G -3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F +sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 645.6 R 1.386(using the $\() +3.886 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G +3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F (mand; none are treated specially)108 657.6 Q(.)-.65 E .894 (Command substitutions may be nested.)108 674.4 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F (quotes with backslashes.)108 686.4 Q .422 (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 703.2 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 -E(20)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 +E(20)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 84 Q F0 1.034 -(Arithmetic e)108 96 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F --.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 84 Q F0 1.035 +(Arithmetic e)108 96 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035(ws the e)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034 (xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F (The format for arithmetic e)108 108 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A -F0(The)108 141.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.074 -(treated specially)108 153.6 R 6.074(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.074 F +F0(The)108 141.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.075 +(treated specially)108 153.6 R 6.075(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.075 F 1.074(ens in the e)-.1 F 1.074(xpression under)-.15 F 1.074 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.075 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.074 (xpansion, command)-.15 F(substitution, and quote remo)108 165.6 Q -.25 (va)-.15 G 2.5(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 182.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G +(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 182.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV) 3.878 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 194.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in) +A F0(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 194.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in) 2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) --.1 E F1(Pr)87 211.2 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 223.2 Q .97 +-.1 E F1(Pr)87 211.2 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 223.2 Q .971 (ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 .971 -(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F2(FIFOs)A -F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F1(/de)3.471 E(v/fd)-.15 E -F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108 235.2 R .021 -(It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1 -(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 5.021 -(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 -(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 247.2 -R F2(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) +(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.471 F F2(FIFOs)A +F0 3.47(\)o)C 3.47(rt)-3.47 G(he)-3.47 E F1(/de)3.47 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 +.97(method of)3.47 F .021(naming open \214les.)108 235.2 R .021(It tak) +5.021 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 5.021(.T)C .021 +(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 +(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .059(nected to a)108 247.2 +R F2(FIFO)2.559 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.559 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) -.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058(he name of this \214le is passed as an ar) --5.058 F .059(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .131 -(mand as the result of the e)108 259.2 R 2.631(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) +-5.058 F .058(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .13 +(mand as the result of the e)108 259.2 R 2.63(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) 2.63 E F1(>\()2.63 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .13 -(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .13(vide input for) --.15 F F2(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 271.2 Q F1(<\()2.5 E F2(list)A -F1(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E +(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .131 +(vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)2.631 E F0(.)A(If the)108 271.2 Q F1(<\() +2.5 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 -(.)A .896(When a)108 288 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitut\ -ion is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .897 +(.)A .897(When a)108 288 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitut\ +ion is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .896 (ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 300 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 316.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 328.8 R 1.142 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +-.75(Wo)87 316.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 328.8 R 1.143 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 340.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (The shell treats each character of)108 357.6 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) --.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.789(on these characters.)108 369.6 R(If)6.789 E F3 -(IFS)4.289 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.039 F 1.788(alue is e)-.25 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1()4.288 E F0 4.288(,t)C 1.788 -(he def)-4.288 F 1.788(ault, then)-.1 F .021(sequences of)108 381.6 R F1 -()2.521 E F0(,)A F1()2.521 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F1 +-.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.788(on these characters.)108 369.6 R(If)6.788 E F3 +(IFS)4.288 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.038 F 1.789(alue is e)-.25 F +(xactly)-.15 E F1()4.289 E F0 4.289(,t)C 1.789 +(he def)-4.289 F 1.789(ault, then)-.1 F .022(sequences of)108 381.6 R F1 +()2.522 E F0(,)A F1()2.522 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F1 ()2.521 E F0 .021(at the be)2.521 F .021 -(ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .022(vious e)-.25 F -(xpan-)-.15 E .586(sions are ignored, and an)108 393.6 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G +(ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .021(vious e)-.25 F +(xpan-)-.15 E .585(sions are ignored, and an)108 393.6 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G .586(equence of)-3.086 F F3(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586 -(characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .585 +(characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .586 (es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 405.6 Q F3(IFS)3.617 E F0 1.117(has a v)3.367 F 1.117(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.117 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)3.617 E F0(and)3.617 E F1(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be) 108 417.6 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315 (ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .315 -(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.565 E F3(IFS)108 429.6 Q F0 -1.053(whitespace character\).)3.303 F(An)6.053 E 3.553(yc)-.15 G 1.053 -(haracter in)-3.553 F F3(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F3 -(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.054(whitespace, along with an)3.304 F 3.554(ya)-.15 G -(djacent)-3.554 E F3(IFS)3.554 E F0 .332 -(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 441.6 R 2.832(As)5.332 G -.332(equence of)-2.832 F F3(IFS)2.832 E F0 .331 +(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.566 E F3(IFS)108 429.6 Q F0 +1.054(whitespace character\).)3.304 F(An)6.054 E 3.554(yc)-.15 G 1.054 +(haracter in)-3.554 F F3(IFS)3.554 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F3 +(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(whitespace, along with an)3.303 F 3.553(ya)-.15 G +(djacent)-3.553 E F3(IFS)3.553 E F0 .331 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 441.6 R 2.831(As)5.331 G +.332(equence of)-2.831 F F3(IFS)2.832 E F0 .332 (whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108 453.6 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E -F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.878 -(Explicit null ar)108 470.4 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G +F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.879 +(Explicit null ar)108 470.4 R 1.879(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.545 E F1 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) --4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.879 -(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 482.4 S .177 -(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .477 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.677(ov).15 G -.177(alues, are remo)-2.927 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.676(ap) -2.676 G .176(arameter with no v)-2.676 F .176(alue is e)-.25 F .176 +-4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.878 +(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 482.4 S .176 +(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .476 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.676(ov).15 G +.176(alues, are remo)-2.926 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.677(ap) +2.677 G .177(arameter with no v)-2.677 F .177(alue is e)-.25 F .177 (xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 494.4 Q (gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 511.2 Q (xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 528 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 540 R .37 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.87 E F0 .37 -(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F -.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 -2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 540 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.871 E F0 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 (If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 552 R .677 (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.456 -(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 564 R 1.457 +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.457 +(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 564 R 1.456 (If no matching \214le names are found, and the shell)6.457 F(option)108 -576 Q F1(nullglob)2.538 E F0 .038(is not enabled, the w)2.538 F .038 +576 Q F1(nullglob)2.537 E F0 .038(is not enabled, the w)2.537 F .038 (ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .038(If the)5.038 F F1(nullglob)2.538 E F0 -.038(option is set, and no matches are)2.538 F .305(found, the w)108 588 -R .305(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.805(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F1 +.038(option is set, and no matches are)2.538 F .306(found, the w)108 588 +R .306(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.806(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F1 (failglob)2.805 E F0 .305 (shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message)2.805 F -.929(is printed and the command is not e)108 600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.428 +.928(is printed and the command is not e)108 600 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.428 (cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F1(nocaseglob)3.428 E F0 -.928(is enabled, the match is per)3.428 F(-)-.2 E .032 -(formed without re)108 612 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .032 -(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .033 -(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.033 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .105 -(the character)108 624 R F1 -.63(``)2.605 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 -.105(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.105 F .104 -(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.604(,u)-.65 G -(nless)-2.604 E .887(the shell option)108 636 R F1(dotglob)3.387 E F0 -.887(is set.)3.387 F .888 -(When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.887 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .888(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 648 S(plicitly).15 E 6.166(.I) --.65 G 3.666(no)-6.166 G 1.166(ther cases, the)-3.666 F F1 -.63(``)3.666 +.929(is enabled, the match is per)3.429 F(-)-.2 E .033 +(formed without re)108 612 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .033 +(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .032 +(When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.032 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .104 +(the character)108 624 R F1 -.63(``)2.604 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 +.104(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.104 F .105 +(wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.605(,u)-.65 G +(nless)-2.605 E .888(the shell option)108 636 R F1(dotglob)3.388 E F0 +.888(is set.)3.388 F .887 +(When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.888 F -.1(wa) +-.1 G .887(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 648 S(plicitly).15 E 6.165(.I) +-.65 G 3.665(no)-6.165 G 1.165(ther cases, the)-3.665 F F1 -.63(``)3.665 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.166(character is not treated specially) -6.166 F 6.165(.S)-.65 G 1.165(ee the description of)-6.165 F F1(shopt) -3.665 E F0(belo)3.665 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 660 Q F3 .477(SHELL B)2.977 F -(UIL)-.09 E .477(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the) -2.727 F F1(nocaseglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F1(nullglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F1 -(failglob)2.978 E F0 2.978(,a)C(nd)-2.978 E F1(dotglob)2.978 E F0 -(shell options.)108 672 Q(The)108 688.8 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.631 E F0 .131 -(shell v)2.381 F .131 +6.165 F 6.166(.S)-.65 G 1.166(ee the description of)-6.166 F F1(shopt) +3.666 E F0(belo)3.666 E(w)-.25 E(under)108 660 Q F3 .478(SHELL B)2.978 F +(UIL)-.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the) +2.728 F F1(nocaseglob)2.977 E F0(,)A F1(nullglob)2.977 E F0(,)A F1 +(failglob)2.977 E F0 2.977(,a)C(nd)-2.977 E F1(dotglob)2.977 E F0 +(shell options.)108 672 Q(The)108 688.8 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13 +(shell v)2.38 F .131 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 -F F2(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F3(GLO-)2.63 E(BIGNORE) -108 700.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that also matche\ -s one of the patterns in)4.264 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is)4.265 E -(remo)108 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.504(df).15 G .004 -(rom the list of matches.)-2.504 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F1 -.63 +F F2(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E F3(GLO-)2.631 E +(BIGNORE)108 700.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ +so matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) +4.264 E(remo)108 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(df).15 G .003 +(rom the list of matches.)-2.503 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F1 -.63 (``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F1 -.63(``)2.503 G(..) -.63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .003(are al)5.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .003 -(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.503 E F0(is)2.253 E .045 -(set and not null.)108 724.8 R(Ho)5.045 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .845 --.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.545 E F0 .046 -(to a non-null v)2.296 F .046(alue has the ef)-.25 F .046 -(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F1(dotglob)2.546 E F0(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(21)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +.63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .004(are al)5.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .004 +(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.504 E F0(is)2.254 E .046 +(set and not null.)108 724.8 R(Ho)5.046 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .846 +-.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.546 E F0 .046 +(to a non-null v)2.296 F .045(alue has the ef)-.25 F .045 +(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F1(dotglob)2.545 E F0(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q +(2009 May 26)147.345 E(21)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .614(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 84 R .614 +-.35 E .613(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 84 R .614 (ginning with a)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 -G(')-.08 E F0 .614(will match.)5.614 F 2.213 -.8(To g)5.614 H .613 -(et the old beha).8 F .613(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .456(\214le names be) -108 96 R .456(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(') +G(')-.08 E F0 .614(will match.)5.614 F 2.214 -.8(To g)5.614 H .614 +(et the old beha).8 F .614(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .457(\214le names be) +108 96 R .457(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(') -.08 E F0 2.957(,m)C(ak)-2.957 E(e)-.1 E F1 -.63(``)2.957 G(.*').63 E(') -.63 E F0 .457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)4.957 E F1(dotglob) -2.957 E F0 .457(option is)2.957 F(disabled when)108 108 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE) +2.956 E F0 .456(option is)2.956 F(disabled when)108 108 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE) 2.5 E F0(is unset.)2.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 124.8 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G (atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 141.6 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that ap\ pears in a pattern, other than the special pattern characters described\ @@ -2824,62 +2829,62 @@ pears in a pattern, other than the special pattern characters described\ (he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)108 211.2 Q F0 .455 (Matches an)31 F 2.955(ys)-.15 G .455(tring, including the null string.) -2.955 F .455(When the)5.455 F F1(globstar)2.955 E F0 .455 -(shell option is enabled, and)2.955 F F1(*)2.955 E F0(is)2.955 E .576 -(used in a \214lename e)144 223.2 R .576(xpansion conte)-.15 F .575 -(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.075(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.075 E F1(*)3.075 E F0 3.075(su) -C .575(sed as a single pattern will match all \214les)-3.075 F 1.183 +(shell option is enabled, and)2.955 F F1(*)2.955 E F0(is)2.955 E .314 +(used in a pathname e)144 223.2 R .314(xpansion conte)-.15 F .314 +(xt, tw)-.15 F 2.814(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.814 E F1(*)2.814 E F0 2.814(su) +C .314(sed as a single pattern will match all \214les)-2.814 F 1.183 (and zero or more directories and subdirectories.)144 235.2 R 1.183 (If follo)6.183 F 1.183(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.683 E F0 3.683(,t)C 1.383 --.1(wo a)-3.683 H(djacent).1 E F1(*)3.683 E F0 3.684(sw)C 1.184 -(ill match)-3.684 F(only directories and subdirectories.)144 247.2 Q F1 +-.1(wo a)-3.683 H(djacent).1 E F1(*)3.683 E F0 3.683(sw)C 1.183 +(ill match)-3.683 F(only directories and subdirectories.)144 247.2 Q F1 (?)108 259.2 Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E -(.)-.55 E F1([...])108 271.2 Q F0 .257(Matches an)21.84 F 2.757(yo)-.15 -G .257(ne of the enclosed characters.)-2.757 F 2.757(Ap)5.257 G .257 -(air of characters separated by a h)-2.757 F .256(yphen denotes a)-.05 F -/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)144 283.2 S(ng).15 E 3.289(ee)-.1 G -(xpr)-3.489 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.289(;a)C 1.089 -.15(ny c)-3.289 H .789 +(.)-.55 E F1([...])108 271.2 Q F0 .256(Matches an)21.84 F 2.756(yo)-.15 +G .257(ne of the enclosed characters.)-2.756 F 2.757(Ap)5.257 G .257 +(air of characters separated by a h)-2.757 F .257(yphen denotes a)-.05 F +/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)144 283.2 S(ng).15 E 3.29(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +-3.49 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.29(;a)C 1.09 -.15(ny c)-3.29 H .789 (haracter that sorts between those tw).15 F 3.289(oc)-.1 G .789 -(haracters, inclusi)-3.289 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.29(,u).15 G .79 -(sing the cur)-3.29 F(-)-.2 E .35(rent locale')144 295.2 R 2.85(sc)-.55 -G .35(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.85 F .349 -(If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .349(wing the)-.25 F F1([)2.849 -E F0 .563(is a)144 307.2 R F1(!)3.063 E F0 .563(or a)5.563 F F1(^)3.063 -E F0 .564(then an)3.063 F 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.064 F .564 +(haracters, inclusi)-3.289 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.289(,u).15 G .789 +(sing the cur)-3.289 F(-)-.2 E .349(rent locale')144 295.2 R 2.849(sc) +-.55 G .349(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.849 F +.35(If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .35(wing the)-.25 F F1([)2.85 +E F0 .564(is a)144 307.2 R F1(!)3.064 E F0 .564(or a)5.564 F F1(^)3.064 +E F0 .564(then an)3.064 F 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.064 F .563 (The sorting order of characters in range)5.564 F -.15(ex)144 319.2 S 1.102(pressions is determined by the current locale and the v).15 F -1.102(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)3.602 E(TE)-.95 E F0 1.102(shell v) -3.602 F(ari-)-.25 E .088(able, if set.)144 331.2 R(A)5.088 E F12.588 +1.102(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)3.602 E(TE)-.95 E F0 1.103(shell v) +3.603 F(ari-)-.25 E .089(able, if set.)144 331.2 R(A)5.089 E F12.589 E F0 .088(may be matched by including it as the \214rst or last charact\ -er in the set.)2.588 F(A)5.089 E F1(])2.589 E F0 .089(may be)2.589 F +er in the set.)2.589 F(A)5.088 E F1(])2.588 E F0 .088(may be)2.588 F (matched by including it as the \214rst character in the set.)144 343.2 -Q -.4(Wi)144 361.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.915 E F0(and)2.915 E F1(])2.915 E -F0(,)A F4 -.15(ch)2.915 G(ar).15 E .415(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .415 +Q -.4(Wi)144 361.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.914 E F0(and)2.914 E F1(])2.914 E +F0(,)A F4 -.15(ch)2.914 G(ar).15 E .414(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .415 (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)2.915 F F1([:)2.915 E F4(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 2.914(,w)C(here)-2.914 E F4(class)2.914 E F0 .414(is one of) -2.914 F(the follo)144 373.2 Q +(:])A F0 2.915(,w)C(here)-2.915 E F4(class)2.915 E F0 .415(is one of) +2.915 F(the follo)144 373.2 Q (wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.421 (alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)144 385.2 R 5.421 (wer print punct space upper w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E(xdigit)144 397.2 Q F0 -2.519(Ac)144 409.2 S .019(haracter class matches an)-2.519 F 2.519(yc) --.15 G .019(haracter belonging to that class.)-2.519 F(The)5.018 E F1 --.1(wo)2.518 G(rd).1 E F0 .018(character class matches)2.518 F +2.518(Ac)144 409.2 S .018(haracter class matches an)-2.518 F 2.518(yc) +-.15 G .019(haracter belonging to that class.)-2.518 F(The)5.019 E F1 +-.1(wo)2.519 G(rd).1 E F0 .019(character class matches)2.519 F (letters, digits, and the character _.)144 421.2 Q -.4(Wi)144 439.2 S -(thin).4 E F1([)3.546 E F0(and)3.546 E F1(])3.546 E F0 3.546(,a)C(n) --3.546 E F4 1.046(equivalence class)3.546 F F0 1.046 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.546 F F1([=)3.547 E F4(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 3.547(,w)C 1.047(hich matches all)-3.547 F(characters with the sam\ +(thin).4 E F1([)3.547 E F0(and)3.547 E F1(])3.547 E F0 3.547(,a)C(n) +-3.547 E F4 1.046(equivalence class)3.546 F F0 1.046 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.546 F F1([=)3.546 E F4(c)A F1(=]) +A F0 3.546(,w)C 1.046(hich matches all)-3.546 F(characters with the sam\ e collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as the charac\ ter)144 451.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)144 469.2 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F4 (symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol)2.5 E -F0(.)A .705(If the)108 486 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 498 -R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +F0(.)A .704(If the)108 486 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 498 +R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) 108 510 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 534 Q F4(pattern-list) .833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 546 @@ -2893,18 +2898,18 @@ E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 618 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) .15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 630 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 642 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 658.8 Q -.1 -(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 670.8 R 1.113 +(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 670.8 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 -1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 682.8 Q .3 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 682.8 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 699.6 Q F0 .545 (Before a command is e)108 711.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F4 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E -(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F 2.77 +(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F 2.769 (by the shell.)108 723.6 R 2.769(Redirection may also be used to open a\ -nd close \214les for the current shell e)7.77 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution) -.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(22)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +nd close \214les for the current shell e)7.769 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution) +.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(22)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2915,24 +2920,24 @@ BP (ywhere within a)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .86(simple com-)3.7 F (mand)108 96 Q F0(or may follo)3.27 E 2.5(wa)-.25 G F1(command)A F0 5 (.R).77 G(edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .284(In the follo) -108 112.8 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is \ -omitted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 +(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .283(In the follo) +108 112.8 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is \ +omitted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513 (ion operator is)108 124.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)3.012 E F0 3.012 (,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F (redirection operator is)108 136.8 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 153.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .772 +-2.5 E .824(The w)108 153.6 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .773 (jected to brace e)108 165.6 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .773 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .844 +(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .772 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .843 (sion, quote remo)108 177.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F .843(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 -F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F2(bash)3.343 E F0 +F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F2(bash)3.344 E F0 (reports an error)108 189.6 Q(.)-.55 E (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 206.4 Q -.15 (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 223.2 Q F2(>)2.5 @@ -2944,9 +2949,9 @@ Q F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F (output before the standard output w)108 285.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 302.4 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 302.4 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F (wing)-.25 E(table:)108 314.4 Q F2(/de)144 331.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F1(fd)A F0(If)180 343.2 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 @@ -2955,22 +2960,22 @@ E F2(/de)144 355.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) (File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 391.2 Q F2(/de)144 403.2 Q (v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 415.2 Q F2(/de) 144 427.2 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)180 439.2 Q -F1(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +F1(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 451.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) -.1 E F2(/de)144 463.2 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If) -180 475.2 Q F1(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +180 475.2 Q F1(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 487.2 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) -.1 E 2.5(Af)108 504 S (ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E -(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\ -hould be used with care, as the)108 520.8 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F +(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\ +hould be used with care, as the)108 520.8 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F (descriptors the shell uses internally)108 532.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2(Redir)87 549.6 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) @@ -2981,49 +2986,49 @@ hould be used with care, as the)108 520.8 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 590.4 Q([)144 607.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 624 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .174 +-.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 636 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 648 R -F1(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F +108 636 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 648 R +F1(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F -.15(ex)108 660 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 676.8 Q([)144 693.6 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 710.4 R F2(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C -.154(nd the)-2.654 F F2(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F2(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F 1.76(will f)108 722.4 R -1.76(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F 1.759 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.259 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)4.259 G 1.759 -(ists and is a re).15 F 1.759(gular \214le.)-.15 F 1.759(If the)6.759 F -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(23)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 +(If the redirection operator is)108 710.4 R F2(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +.155(nd the)-2.655 F F2(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F2(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F 1.759(will f)108 722.4 R +1.759(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F 1.76 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.26 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)4.26 G 1.76 +(ists and is a re).15 F 1.76(gular \214le.)-.15 F 1.76(If the)6.76 F +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(23)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .594(redirection operator is)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>|) -3.094 E F0 3.094(,o)C 3.094(rt)-3.094 G .594(he redirection operator is) --3.094 F F1(>)3.094 E F0 .595(and the)3.094 F F1(noclob)3.095 E(ber)-.1 -E F0 .595(option to the)3.095 F F1(set)3.095 E F0 -.2(bu)3.095 G .595 +-.35 E .595(redirection operator is)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>|) +3.095 E F0 3.095(,o)C 3.095(rt)-3.095 G .595(he redirection operator is) +-3.095 F F1(>)3.094 E F0 .594(and the)3.094 F F1(noclob)3.094 E(ber)-.1 +E F0 .594(option to the)3.094 F F1(set)3.094 E F0 -.2(bu)3.094 G .594 (iltin com-).2 F(mand is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)-2.5 E /F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E -F1 -.25(Ap)87 112.8 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 +F1 -.25(Ap)87 112.8 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 (Redirection of output in this f)108 124.8 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 136.8 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 136.8 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 -.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 +.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 148.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E (The general format for appending output is:)108 165.6 Q([)144 182.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 204 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 (This construct allo)108 216 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F (tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 228 Q @@ -3035,7 +3040,7 @@ F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 302.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 319.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1 -.25(Ap)87 340.8 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 (This construct allo)108 352.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3046,29 +3051,29 @@ E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1 -.25(Ap)87 340.8 S (>>)144 432 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(Her)87 448.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\ -ontaining only)108 460.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 472.8 Q F0 .614 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 +ontaining only)108 460.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 472.8 Q F0 .615 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 F(dard input for a command.)108 484.8 Q (The format of here-documents is:)108 501.6 Q F1(<<)144 518.4 Q F0([)A F1A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 530.4 Q(e-document)-.37 E -(delimiter)144 542.4 Q F0 .128(No parameter e)108 559.2 R .127 +(delimiter)144 542.4 Q F0 .127(No parameter e)108 559.2 R .127 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127 -(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 -571.2 Q F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G -1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E +(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .128(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 +571.2 Q F2(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.775(.I).77 G 3.275(fa)-5.775 G +1.075 -.15(ny c)-3.275 H .774(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F2(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774 -(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n) --3.275 E F2(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905 +(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G(n) +-3.274 E F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.274(,a).77 G(nd)-3.274 E .904 (the lines in the here-document are not e)108 583.2 R 3.405(xpanded. If) --.15 F F2(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694 +-.15 F F2(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .905 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .695 (subjected to parameter e)108 595.2 R .695 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195 -(xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.194 +(xpansion. In)-.15 F .694(the latter case, the)3.194 F (character sequence)108 607.2 Q F1(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and) 2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\) -2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 (If the redirection operator is)108 624 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 636 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G @@ -3079,7 +3084,7 @@ C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ (<<<)144 681.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 698.4 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d) -.37 E F0(is e)2.5 E (xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(24)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(24)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3087,46 +3092,46 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 84 Q F0 (The redirection operator)108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 129.6 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -141.6 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G -2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 153.6 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) -2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F12.649 E -F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) -2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 165.6 Q +141.6 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 153.6 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor) +2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F12.65 E F0 +2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149 +(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) +2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 165.6 Q (The operator)108 182.4 Q([)144 199.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .444 +(d)-.37 E F0 .443 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 216 R(If) -5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 228 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)4.197 -E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output,\ - a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 240 R 2.597(as)2.597 G -.097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096(is omitted, and)2.596 +5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 228 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor)4.198 +E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output,\ + a redirection error)4.628 F 2.596(occurs. As)108 240 R 2.596(as)2.596 G +.096(pecial case, if)-2.596 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096(is omitted, and)2.596 F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)2.596 F .096 (xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F (put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 252 Q (viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 268.8 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 280.8 Q([)144 297.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&) -A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G -.535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 -(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) --3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2 -(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 326.4 Q F2(digit)5 +A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G +.536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536 +(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt) +-3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2 +(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 326.4 Q F2(digit)5 E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A (Similarly)108 343.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) 144 360 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 376.8 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2 -(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 -2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 -.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 388.8 Q F1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2 +(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 +2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 +.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 388.8 Q F1 (Opening File Descriptors f)87 405.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 417.6 Q([)144 434.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3135,36 +3140,36 @@ A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 108 463.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 480 Q F2(Aliases)108 492 Q F0(allo)3.174 E -3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 480 Q F2(Aliases)108 492 Q F0(allo)3.173 E +3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 504 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 516 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 528 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 -(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 540 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 -1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 552 R 1.119 -(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 564 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F -.514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 576 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 588 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 600 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 504 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 +(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 516 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E +1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F +(check)108 528 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 +(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A +F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 540 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 +1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) +-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 552 R 1.12 +(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 +(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 564 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 F +.513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F +.296(not e)108 576 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 588 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) +-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 600 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 616.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 @@ -3179,21 +3184,21 @@ E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 616.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 674.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .435 +E .436 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -691.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 +691.2 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 (one complete line of input before e)108 703.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 715.2 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 715.2 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 (another command does not tak)108 727.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(25)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 +768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(25)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3201,124 +3206,125 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E .277(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 84 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699(\ +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 +96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F .699(\ xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is \ -e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494 +e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .495 (because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 108 R -.495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085 +.494(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .084 (tion are not a)108 120 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 (ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584 (cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F --.1(wa)-.1 G .084(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F +-.1(wa)-.1 G .085(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F (rate line, and do not use)108 132 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 148.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 165.6 Q F0 3.467(As)108 177.6 S .967 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 165.6 Q F0 3.468(As)108 177.6 S .968 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F -1.002(later e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F +1.001(later e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002 (the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\ -t of com-)3.502 F .315(mands associated with that function name is e)108 +t of com-)3.501 F .316(mands associated with that function name is e)108 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .316(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 -F .036(shell; no ne)108 213.6 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .315(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 +F .035(shell; no ne)108 213.6 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 +F .64(function is e)108 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 237.6 -R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 -(Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F -1.017(ment of the)108 249.6 R F3(FUNCN)3.517 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va) -3.267 G 1.017 -(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.518(cuting. All).15 F 1.285 -(other aspects of the shell e)108 261.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.285 -(cution en).15 F 1.285 -(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with the)-.4 -F -.15(ex)108 273.6 S 2.029(ception that the).15 F F3(DEB)4.529 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)4.279 E F1(RETURN)4.529 E F0 2.029 -(traps \(see the description of the)4.529 F F1(trap)4.53 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.53 G 2.03(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)4.53 E -.09(BU)108 285.6 S(IL).09 -E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 237.6 +R F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .533 +(Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F +(ment of the)108 249.6 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G +(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 +266.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F +1.048(these e)108 278.4 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.548 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F1(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F1(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.549 E -.09(BU)108 290.4 S(IL) +.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 297.6 R F3(declar) +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 302.4 R F3(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 (shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 309.6 S(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 E F1(DEB) -2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps\).)2.5 E -1.11(Va) -108 326.4 S .656(riables local to the function may be declared with the) -1.11 F F1(local)3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F -(Ordinarily)5.655 E 3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v) -108 338.4 Q(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E -(.)-.55 E .043(If the b)108 355.2 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18 -(re)2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 +108 314.4 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 +(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 326.4 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 343.2 S .655 +(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E +3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 355.2 Q +(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E +.044(If the b)108 372 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re)2.543 G +(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 367.2 R 1.012 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 384 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 379.2 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 396 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 391.2 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E -2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 408 R F1 +108 408 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5 +(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 +G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 424.8 R F1 3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 420 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 +F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 436.8 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 432 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G -(he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 444 R 1.597 --.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.797 E F0 -1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 -(deleted using the)108 456 R F12.661 E F0 .161(option to the)2.661 -F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 -(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 -F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 -468 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 -(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 480 Q +.326(\214le and line number)108 448.8 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G +(he)-2.826 E F1(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 460.8 R +1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.798 E +F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F1(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F .16 +(deleted using the)108 472.8 R F12.66 E F0 .16(option to the)2.66 +F F1(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 +(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .161(ariables with the same name) +-.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en) +108 484.8 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G +3.825(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 496.8 Q (en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E -(Functions may be recursi)108 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.N).15 G 2.5(ol) +(Functions may be recursi)108 513.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.N).15 G 2.5(ol) -5 G(imit is imposed on the number of recursi)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(alls.).15 E F2(ARITHMETIC EV)72 513.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G -(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 525.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e) +(alls.).15 E F2(ARITHMETIC EV)72 530.4 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G +(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297(The shell allo)108 542.4 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e) -.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E F0 -(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 537.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G .205 -(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .205(Arithmetic Expansion)2.705 F F0 2.705 -(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .206(ed-width inte)-.15 -F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -(r\215o).15 E 1.729 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .429(hough di).65 F .428 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.428(.T)-.55 G -.428(he operators and their prece-)-5.428 F 1.919(dence, associati)108 -561.6 R(vity)-.25 E 4.419(,a)-.65 G 1.919(nd v)-4.419 F 1.919 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.92(The follo)6.92 F -1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 573.6 Q -.15 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.798 E F0 +(and)4.798 E F1(declar)108 554.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.706 G .206 +(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .206(Arithmetic Expansion)2.706 F F0 2.705 +(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .205(ed-width inte)-.15 +F .205(gers with no)-.15 F .428(check for o)108 566.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +(r\215o).15 E 1.728 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .428(hough di).65 F .428 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.429(.T)-.55 G +.429(he operators and their prece-)-5.429 F 1.92(dence, associati)108 +578.4 R(vity)-.25 E 4.42(,a)-.65 G 1.92(nd v)-4.42 F 1.92 +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.919(The follo)6.919 F +1.919(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 590.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 590.4 Q F1(++)A F5(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25 -(va)144 602.4 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 -614.4 Q F5(id)A F12.5 E F5(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 626.4 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 638.4 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F1 2.5(!~)108 650.4 S F0 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 607.2 Q F1(++)A F5(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25 +(va)144 619.2 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 +631.2 Q F5(id)A F12.5 E F5(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 643.2 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 655.2 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F1 2.5(!~)108 667.2 S F0 (logical and bitwise ne)24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 -662.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 674.4 S F0 +679.2 Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 691.2 S F0 (multiplication, di)10.72 E(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 -686.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F1(<< >>)108 698.4 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(26)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +703.2 S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F1(<< >>)108 715.2 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26) +147.345 E(26)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3337,62 +3343,62 @@ F1(:)A F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(conditional operator)144 192 Q F1 2.5(=*) .68(Shell v)108 256.8 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 268.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 268.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 280.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G -1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 -(using the parameter e)108 292.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 280.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G +1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 292.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 (when it is referenced, or when a v)108 304.8 R 1.389 -(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) --3.889 E F2(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.889 E 1.389 -(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.889 E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is) -3.889 E .343(assigned a v)108 316.8 R 2.843(alue. A)-.25 F .343(null v) -2.843 F .343(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .343(luates to 0.).25 F 2.843 -(As)5.343 G .343(hell v)-2.843 F .343(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .643 --.15(ve i)-.2 H .343(ts inte).15 F .344(ger attrib)-.15 F .344 -(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 328.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E -1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 -345.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F -(xadecimal.)-.15 E .589(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 357.6 R 3.089(et)-.1 -G .589(he form [)-3.089 F F2(base#)A F0 .589(]n, where)B F2(base)3.089 E -F0 .59(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 represent-)3.089 F .093 -(ing the arithmetic base, and)108 369.6 R F2(n)2.593 E F0 .093 -(is a number in that base.)2.593 F(If)5.093 E F2(base#)2.593 E F0 .092 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.593 F .092(The digits)5.092 F .064 +(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 +E F2(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 +F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .344 +(assigned a v)108 316.8 R 2.844(alue. A)-.25 F .343(null v)2.843 F .343 +(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .343(luates to 0.).25 F 2.843(As)5.343 G +.343(hell v)-2.843 F .343(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .643 -.15(ve i)-.2 +H .343(ts inte).15 F .343(ger attrib)-.15 F .343(ute turned on)-.2 F +(to be used in an e)108 328.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 +(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 345.6 +R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) +-.15 E .59(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 357.6 R 3.09(et)-.1 G .59 +(he form [)-3.09 F F2(base#)A F0 .59(]n, where)B F2(base)3.089 E F0 .589 +(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 represent-)3.089 F .092 +(ing the arithmetic base, and)108 369.6 R F2(n)2.592 E F0 .093 +(is a number in that base.)2.592 F(If)5.093 E F2(base#)2.593 E F0 .093 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.593 F .093(The digits)5.093 F .065 (greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 381.6 R .064 (wercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order)-.25 F -5.065(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.065 E F2(base)2.565 E F0 .433 -(is less than or equal to 36, lo)108 393.6 R .432(wercase and uppercase\ +5.064(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.064 E F2(base)2.564 E F0 .432 +(is less than or equal to 36, lo)108 393.6 R .433(wercase and uppercase\ letters may be used interchangeably to represent num-)-.25 F -(bers between 10 and 35.)108 405.6 Q .234(Operators are e)108 422.4 R --.25(va)-.25 G .234(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E -.234(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(bers between 10 and 35.)108 405.6 Q .235(Operators are e)108 422.4 R +-.25(va)-.25 G .235(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E +.234(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 434.4 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 451.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 -(Conditional e)108 463.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 451.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 +(Conditional e)108 463.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) 2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F1([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F +2.755 E F1([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F .77(\214le attrib)108 475.2 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.041 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 487.2 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y)-.15 E F2 -(\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)3.54 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 499.2 -Q F2(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E -F2(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 +(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.04 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 487.2 R 1.04(If an)6.04 F(y)-.15 E F2 +(\214le)3.54 E F0(ar)3.54 E 1.041 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)3.541 E +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.541(,t)C 1.041(hen \214le)-3.541 F(descriptor)108 +499.2 Q F2(n)3.789 E F0 1.289(is check)3.789 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the) +3.789 E F2(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 (gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F2(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)3.789 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.789(,o)C(r)-3.789 E F2 +-.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)3.788 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.788(,o)C(r)-3.788 E F2 (/de)108 511.2 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 +(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 528 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +108 528 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) -3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 540 Q F1108 564 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F2 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1108 576 Q F2(\214le) @@ -3420,7 +3426,7 @@ E F1108 684 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F2 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1108 708 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F2 (fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 -768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(27)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(27)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3445,22 +3451,22 @@ F1108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F2 108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F2(\214le) 2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E (as last read.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 180 Q F02.5 E F1(nt)A F2 -(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 192 S .038(ue if).35 F F2(\214le1)2.538 E +(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 192 S .039(ue if).35 F F2(\214le1)2.539 E F0 .039(is ne)2.539 F .039 (wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 2.539(,o)C 2.539(ri)-2.539 G(f)-2.539 E F2(\214le1)2.539 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .039(does not.) -2.539 F F2(\214le1)108 204 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +(ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F2(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .038(does not.) +2.538 F F2(\214le1)108 204 Q F02.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 216 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2 (\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 (\214le1)108 228 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 240 S (ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 (refer to the same de)2.5 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F1108 -252 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 264 S 1.144(ue if shell option).35 -F F2(optname)3.874 E F0 1.144(is enabled.)3.824 F 1.143 -(See the list of options under the description of the)6.144 F F1 -3.643 E F0(option to the)144 276 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +252 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 264 S 1.143(ue if shell option).35 +F F2(optname)3.873 E F0 1.143(is enabled.)3.823 F 1.144 +(See the list of options under the description of the)6.143 F F1 +3.644 E F0(option to the)144 276 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1108 288 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 300 S(ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.) 2.5 E F2(string)108 312 Q F1108 324 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) @@ -3472,76 +3478,75 @@ F F2(optname)3.874 E F0 1.144(is enabled.)3.824 F 1.143 F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 393.6 S (ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 410.4 Q F1(<)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 422.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E -F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E -(xicographically in the current locale.)-.15 E F2(string1)108 439.2 Q F1 -(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 451.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1) -2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E -(xicographically in the current locale.)-.15 E F2(ar)108.33 468 Q(g1) --.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 480 -Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255ne)2.885 E -F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255gt)2.885 -E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 -(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2(ar)2.885 E -(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\ -qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 492 R F2(ar)144 -504 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.) --.65 E F2(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0 -(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) --2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 520.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 -(When a simple command is e)108 532.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 +F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 439.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 451.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 +468 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 480 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 +(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A +F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 +(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 +(ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ +s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 492 R +F2(ar)144 504 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) +.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 +E F0(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15 +(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 520.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 +.614(When a simple command is e)108 532.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 544.8 Q 26(1. The)108 561.6 R -.1(wo)4.349 G 1.849 -(rds that the parser has mark).1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 +108 544.8 Q 26(1. The)108 561.6 R -.1(wo)4.348 G 1.848 +(rds that the parser has mark).1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F (name\) and redirections are sa)144 573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 590.4 R -.1(wo)3.663 G 1.163 +(or later processing.)-2.5 E 26(2. The)108 590.4 R -.1(wo)3.664 G 1.164 (rds that are not v).1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 -602.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 +602.4 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E (are the ar)144 614.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E 26(3. Redirections)108 631.2 R (are performed as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 (REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 26(4. The)108 648 R(te) -3.216 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F +3.217 E .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717(goes tilde e)-.18 F .717 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .34 +(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .339 (command substitution, arithmetic e)144 660 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 (efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 672 Q .332 (If no command name results, the v)108 688.8 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 700.8 S .757 +2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 700.8 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 712.8 -R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 712.8 +R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F (the command e)108 724.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(28)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(28)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .15(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 -84 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 96 Q -(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 +-.35 E .149(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b) +108 84 R .149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F +2.65(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 96 +Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 (If there is a command name left after e)108 112.8 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -124.8 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 136.8 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 +124.8 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 136.8 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 (If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 148.8 Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 165.6 Q F0 .547 -(After a command has been split into w)108 177.6 R .546 +(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 165.6 Q F0 .546 +(After a command has been split into w)108 177.6 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 189.6 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ @@ -3553,80 +3558,80 @@ mpts to locate it.)108 206.4 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 230.4 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 247.2 R .31 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.81 -E F0 .31(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 259.2 Q F2 -.666(PA) -3.163 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15 +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 247.2 R .309 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.809 +E F0 .309(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 259.2 Q F2 -.666(PA) +3.162 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 -.662(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914 +.663(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915 (the full pathnames of e)108 271.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 (cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915 -(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E -4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72(search of the directories in)108 -283.2 R F2 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .719 -(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F -.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 295.2 R F4(command_not_f)3.456 E -(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 307.2 Q F0 5.278(.I)C 2.778(ft)-5.278 G .278 -(hat function e)-2.778 F .278(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 2.778(dw).1 G .277 -(ith the original command and the original command')-2.778 F 2.777(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.777 G(uments).18 E .775(as its ar)108 319.2 R .775 +(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E +4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719(search of the directories in)108 +283.2 R F2 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .72 +(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.969 +F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ + a de\214ned shell function named)108 295.2 R F4(command_not_f)3.455 E +(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 307.2 Q F0 5.277(.I)C 2.777(ft)-5.277 G .277 +(hat function e)-2.777 F .277(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 2.777(dw).1 G .278 +(ith the original command and the original command')-2.777 F 2.778(sa) +-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.778 G(uments).18 E .776(as its ar)108 319.2 R .776 (guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775 (xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F -.776(If that function is not)5.776 F +.775(If that function is not)5.775 F (de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 331.2 Q(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if th\ e command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 348 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.089(cutes the).15 F .197(named program in a separate e)108 -360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 -(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198 +(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198(named program in a separate e)108 +360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 +(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 (n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 372 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 388.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .677(assumed to be a)108 400.8 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.177 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 400.8 R/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 -(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .678(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678 -(cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 412.8 R .33 -(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.829(ws)-.25 G .329(hell had been in)-2.829 -F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.829(dt).1 G 2.829(oh)-2.829 G .329 -(andle the script, with)-2.829 F 1.219(the e)108 424.8 R 1.219 +(ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 +(cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 412.8 R .329 +(fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 +(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 424.8 R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) -.15 F F4(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F2 (SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 436.8 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A -F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .348(If the program is a \214le be) -108 453.6 R .348(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.848 E F0 2.848(,t)C .347(h\ +F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) +108 453.6 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.848 F 3.178(gram. The)108 465.6 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +-2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 465.6 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ - handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.193(format themselv) -108 477.6 R 3.693(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 -(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.192 -(gument follo)-.18 F 1.192(wing the)-.25 F 1.13 + handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.192(format themselv) +108 477.6 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 +(guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.193 +(gument follo)-.18 F 1.193(wing the)-.25 F 1.131 (interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 489.6 R -1.131(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.131(wed by the)-.25 -F(command ar)108 501.6 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 +1.13(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.13(wed by the)-.25 F +(command ar)108 501.6 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 (COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 518.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) 108 530.4 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E 32.5<836f>108 -559.2 S 1.406(pen \214les inherited by the shell at in)-32.5 F -.2(vo) --.4 G 1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F -F4(exec)3.905 E F0 -.2(bu)144 571.2 S(iltin).2 E 32.5<8374>108 588 S +559.2 S 1.405(pen \214les inherited by the shell at in)-32.5 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G 1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F +F4(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 571.2 S(iltin).2 E 32.5<8374>108 588 S (he current w)-32.5 E(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E F0(,) A F4(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F4(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri) -2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E 32.5 <8374>108 604.8 S(he \214le creation mode mask as set by)-32.5 E F4 (umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) -2.5 E 32.5<8363>108 621.6 S(urrent traps set by)-32.5 E F4(trap)2.5 E -F0 32.5<8373>108 638.4 S .256(hell parameters that are set by v)-32.5 F -.256(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F4(set)2.756 E F0 .257 -(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.757(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.757 E +F0 32.5<8373>108 638.4 S .257(hell parameters that are set by v)-32.5 F +.256(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F4(set)2.756 E F0 .256 +(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E (in the en)144 650.4 Q(vironment)-.4 E 32.5<8373>108 667.2 S (hell functions de\214ned during e)-32.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G @@ -3635,7 +3640,7 @@ F0 32.5<8373>108 638.4 S .256(hell parameters that are set by v)-32.5 F (ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F4(set)2.5 E F0 32.5<836f>108 700.8 S(ptions enabled by)-32.5 E F4(shopt)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 717.6 S(hell aliases de\214ned with)-32.5 E F4(alias)2.5 E -F0(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(29)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +F0(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(29)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3644,73 +3649,73 @@ BP -.35 E 32.5<8376>108 84 S (arious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v)-32.75 E (alue of)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 -E(alue of)-.25 E F1($PPID)2.5 E F0 .427 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 100.8 R .426 -(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .426 -(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.926(di).1 G 2.926(nas) --2.926 G(eparate)-2.926 E -.15(exe)108 112.8 S .133(cution en).15 F .133 +E(alue of)-.25 E F1($PPID)2.5 E F0 .426 +(When a simple command other than a b)108 100.8 R .427 +(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 +(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) +-2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 112.8 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F -.134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 124.8 Q 32.5<8374>108 153.6 S 1.056(he shell')-32.5 F -3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G +.133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F +(the shell.)108 124.8 Q 32.5<8374>108 153.6 S 1.055(he shell')-32.5 F +3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) -3.556 F(mand)144 165.6 Q 32.5<8374>108 182.4 S(he current w)-32.5 E (orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 199.2 S -(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 216 S .856(hell v) +(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 216 S .857(hell v) -32.5 F .857(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 (xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 228 Q(vironment) --.4 E 32.5<8374>108 244.8 S .307 -(raps caught by the shell are reset to the v)-32.5 F .306 -(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G .306 -(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 256.8 Q +-.4 E 32.5<8374>108 244.8 S .306 +(raps caught by the shell are reset to the v)-32.5 F .307 +(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307 +(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 256.8 Q 2.5(Ac)108 273.6 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 290.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 302.4 S .245(ubshell en) --2.745 F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244 -(vironment, e)-.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.358(reset to the v)108 314.4 R .358 +(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 302.4 S .244(ubshell en) +-2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 +(vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F +.359(reset to the v)108 314.4 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 326.4 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 -(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) +G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 326.4 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 +(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) -.4 E(ment cannot af)108 338.4 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 -355.2 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +-.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 +355.2 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -F13.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent)3.877 F 2.5(shell. When) +F13.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) 108 367.2 R(not in posix mode, Bash clears the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 384 R -.405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404(and job control is not acti) -2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404(he def)-2.904 F .404 -(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197(is the empty \214le)108 -396 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O)C -.197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G -.198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 +(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 384 R +.404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) +2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 +(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 +396 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C +.198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G +.197(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 408 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 424.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.354(When a program is in)108 436.8 +(ENVIR)72 424.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 436.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg) -4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 (rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 448.8 Q +E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 448.8 Q F0A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.485(The shell pro)108 465.6 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.485(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F -3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 +(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 465.6 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F +3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 (cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 477.6 Q .144(viron\ ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F -2.703(cesses. Ex)108 489.6 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F + it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F +2.704(cesses. Ex)108 489.6 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 +2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 (eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 501.6 R -3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 +3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 (alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 513.6 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) @@ -3718,213 +3723,213 @@ ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 (nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 537.6 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 -(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 -E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 -(dditions via the)-2.801 F F1(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(declar) -108 549.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 -566.4 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563(simple command) -3.403 F F0 .562 +.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 537.6 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 +(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) +-2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 +(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F1(declar)108 +549.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 +566.4 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .562(simple command) +3.402 F F0 .563 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 578.4 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 578.4 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 590.4 Q +.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 590.4 Q (vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 607.2 R F1 3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 619.2 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 636 Q F1(bash)3.396 E F0(in)3.396 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) -.2 G 3.396(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.396 G .897(xternal command, the v)-3.547 +-.4 E(When)108 636 Q F1(bash)3.397 E F0(in)3.397 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G 3.397(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.397 G .897(xternal command, the v)-3.547 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.397 E F0 .897 (is set to the full \214le name of the command and)3.397 F (passed to that command in its en)108 648 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3(EXIT ST) -72 664.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 676.8 R .151 -(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted command is the v) -.15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15 -(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15(lent func-).25 F 2.847 -(tion. Exit)108 688.8 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F .347 +72 664.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 676.8 R .15 +(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v).15 +F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 +(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 +(tion. Exit)108 688.8 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 (all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 -F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 700.8 Q 5.674(.E)-.65 G -.674(xit statuses from shell b)-5.674 F .673 +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 700.8 Q 5.673(.E)-.65 G +.673(xit statuses from shell b)-5.673 F .673 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range. Under)-.2 F(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 712.8 Q (alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)108 -729.6 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G .873 -(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 -(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873(xit status of) --.15 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(30)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +729.6 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 +(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 +(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) +-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(30)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .049(zero indicates success.)108 84 R 2.549(An)5.049 G .049 -(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(N)2.5 +-.35 E .048(zero indicates success.)108 84 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 +(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(N)2.5 E F0(,)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E -(alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E .404 +(alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E .405 (If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 112.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 124.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 124.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 141.6 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .081(Shell b)108 158.4 R .081 +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 158.4 R .08 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F1(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0 -2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F -(the)108 170.4 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 F -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0 +2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) +-2.581 F(the)108 170.4 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 +F -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F2(Bash)108 187.2 Q -F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 +F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 199.2 Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F2 (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 216 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 228 Q F2 -(bash)3.183 E F0 .683(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G -3.183(nt)-3.183 G .683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683 -(raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682 -(\(so that)2.933 F F2 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 -F(interacti)108 240 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4 -(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F2 -(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458 -(In all cases,)5.458 F F2(bash)108 252 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E +(bash)3.182 E F0 .682(is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(,i).15 G +3.182(nt)-3.182 G .682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683 +(raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683 +(\(so that)2.933 F F2 .683(kill 0)3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 +F(interacti)108 240 Q .758 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F4 +(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F2 +(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457 +(In all cases,)5.457 F F2(bash)108 252 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E (UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E (fect,)-.25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4 (SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 -(Non-b)108 268.8 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.565 E F0 -(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 -F 1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When) -108 280.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) -2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 +(Non-b)108 268.8 Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.564 E F0 +(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 +F 1.065(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When) +108 280.8 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) +2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 292.8 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 304.8 Q F4 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 321.6 R 2.045 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 321.6 R 2.046 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 333.6 Q F0 -1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 -(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 345.6 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) -5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ - to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 357.6 R F2(diso) -3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E -1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 +F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 333.6 Q F0 +1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 +(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 345.6 Q F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 +H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ +particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G +.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 357.6 R F2(diso) +3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E +1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 (SIGHUP)108 369.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A .166(If the)108 386.4 R F2(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F2(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -398.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 415.2 Q F2(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F +398.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 415.2 Q F2(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 427.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +-3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 427.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F2(bash)3.163 E -F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 +F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 (via the)108 439.2 R F2(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F2 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F (return immediately with an e)108 451.2 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(JOB CONTR)72 468 Q(OL)-.329 E F1 -.25 -(Jo)108 480 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 -(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 -(ly stop \().15 F F1(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 492 Q F1 --.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(Jo)108 480 S 4.568(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.068 +(refers to the ability to selecti)5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 +(ly stop \().15 F F1(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.067(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 492 Q F1 +-.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.002 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) -.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 504 Q(ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 520.8 R F1(job) -5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 532.8 R F2 -(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F2(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F1(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 544.8 +F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 520.8 R F1(job) +5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784 +(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 532.8 R F2 +(jobs)2.84 E F0 2.84(command. When)2.84 F F2(bash)2.84 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F1(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 544.8 Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 561.6 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 578.4 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 590.4 R .732 +ociated)108 578.4 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 590.4 R .733 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 602.4 Q F1(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 -(To f)108 619.2 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) -.7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.871(notion of a)108 631.2 R F1(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F -.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 +5.732 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 602.4 Q F1(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8 +(To f)108 619.2 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) +.7 F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F +.87(notion of a)108 631.2 R F1(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 643.2 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 655.2 Q -F5(.)A F0 1.347(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F1(for) -3.846 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.926 E -(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 -F .145(group ID dif)108 667.2 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 655.2 Q +F5(.)A F0 1.346(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F1(for) +3.847 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.927 E +(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 +F .146(group ID dif)108 667.2 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 (ground processes are allo)108 679.2 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 691.2 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -.718(terminal are sent a)108 703.2 R F4 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F -(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 -G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 691.2 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F +.717(terminal are sent a)108 703.2 R F4 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F +(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55 +G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718 (hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 715.2 Q -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(31)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(31)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 1.087(If the operating system on which)108 84 R/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,) -3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088(contains f)3.588 F 1.088 -(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 96 S .302(ping the).8 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically)3.572 F +-.35 E 1.088(If the operating system on which)108 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088(is running supports job control,) +3.588 F F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087(contains f)3.587 F 1.087 +(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 96 S .301(ping the).8 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically)3.571 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 108 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 108 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F2 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F1(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 120 R(to)108 132 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 -(background, the)108 144 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 -(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F1(^Z) -3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 156 Q .948(fect immediately)-.25 -F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 +F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894 +(background, the)108 144 R F1(fg)3.394 E F0 .895 +(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F +F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F1(^Z) +3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 156 Q .949(fect immediately)-.25 +F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) 108 168 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 184.8 R .777 (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1 (%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 196.8 -Q F2(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F2(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +Q F2(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F2(n)3.818 E F0 .957 (may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) 108 208.8 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 220.8 Q F1(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 -E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 220.8 Q F1(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 +E 5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.964 G .963 (re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 (reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F1(%?ce)3.463 E -F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 +F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F .086 (hand, refers to an)108 232.8 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 (ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 @@ -3933,66 +3938,66 @@ F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 (he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F F2(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 256.8 R .495 +-2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 256.8 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.494 E F2(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 -(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 268.8 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 -5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 -(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E -.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 280.8 R F1 +(The)5.495 E F2(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495 +(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 268.8 R F1<25ad>3.288 E F0 +5.788(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F1 +(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787 +(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E +.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 280.8 R F1 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) -108 292.8 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 -(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 +-.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411 +(and the pre)108 292.8 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F12.911 E F0 +5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 304.8 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(rent job)108 304.8 Q(.)-.4 E .443 (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 321.6 R -(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C -(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -333.6 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F +(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C +(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +333.6 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F (equi)108 345.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 362.4 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F -(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 374.4 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G -.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 -(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F12.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 386.4 Q F1(set)3.952 E F0 -.2(bu)3.952 G -1.452(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)3.952 E F0 1.451 -(reports such changes immediately)3.952 F 6.451(.A)-.65 G 1.751 -.15 -(ny t)-6.451 H 1.451(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)3.951 E -F0(is)3.701 E -.15(exe)108 398.4 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E -(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 415.2 R(xit)-.15 E F1(bash) -2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 -G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 427.2 R F1 -(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 -(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -439.2 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) -5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 451.2 R .604 +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 362.4 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) +5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 374.4 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G +.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 +(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F12.657 E F0 .157 +(option to)2.657 F(the)108 386.4 Q F1(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G +1.451(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452 +(reports such changes immediately)3.951 F 6.452(.A)-.65 G 1.752 -.15 +(ny t)-6.452 H 1.452(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)3.952 E +F0(is)3.702 E -.15(exe)108 398.4 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E +(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 415.2 R(xit)-.15 E F1(bash) +2.533 E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 +G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 +(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 427.2 R F1 +(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 +(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 +439.2 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) +5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 451.2 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E (and an)108 463.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 480 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 492 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,) --.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3 -(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.826 -(and the secondary prompt)108 504 R F3(PS2)4.326 E F0 1.825 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.076 F F1(Bash)6.825 E -F0(allo)4.325 E 1.825(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 480 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 492 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,) +-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3 +(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.825 +(and the secondary prompt)108 504 R F3(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.075 F F1(Bash)6.826 E +F0(allo)4.326 E 1.826(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\ are)108 516 R(decoded as follo)108 528 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 540 Q F0 (an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F1(\\d)144 552 Q F0 (the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E (ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 564 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 576 -Q F2(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F2(strftime)3.927 E F0 +Q F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F2(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B (empty)180 588 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E @@ -4008,7 +4013,7 @@ Q F2(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F2(strftime)3.927 E F0 (\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144 696 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T)144 708 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(32)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(32)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4021,9 +4026,9 @@ BP 28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V) 144 132 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C (ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\)) --2.5 E F1(\\w)144 144 Q F0 4.287(the current w)26 F 4.287 +-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 144 Q F0 4.288(the current w)26 F 4.288 (orking directory)-.1 F 6.787(,w)-.65 G(ith)-6.787 E F1($HOME)6.787 E F0 -(abbre)6.787 E 4.288(viated with a tilde \(uses the)-.25 F F1($PR)180 +(abbre)6.787 E 4.287(viated with a tilde \(uses the)-.25 F F1($PR)180 156 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W) 144 168 Q F0(the basename of the current w)23.22 E(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F1($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.5 E @@ -4038,76 +4043,76 @@ E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F1($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.5 E (be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which coul\ d be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt) 180 252 Q F1(\\])144 264 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) -29.89 E .119(The command number and the history number are usually dif) -108 280.8 R .12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F +29.89 E .12(The command number and the history number are usually dif) +108 280.8 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(position in the history list, which may include commands restored\ from the history \214le \(see)108 292.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST) -4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)108 304.8 Q .541(w\), while the co\ +4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)108 304.8 Q .541(w\), while the co\ mmand number is the position in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .541(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546 (rent shell session.)108 316.8 R .546 (After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 328.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 328.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 +(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 F(description of the)108 340.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 357.6 Q F0 .151 +-.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 357.6 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 369.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 381.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F13.709 E F0 1.209 -(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G -3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 393.6 Q .95 +108 369.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 381.6 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F13.708 E F0 1.208 +(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G +3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 393.6 Q .949 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.)-.1 F -3.449(Av)5.949 G .949(i-style line editing interf)-3.449 F .949 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 405.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +3.45(Av)5.95 G .95(i-style line editing interf)-3.45 F .95(ace is also) +-.1 F -.2(av)108 405.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 417.6 Q F3 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +(\(see)108 417.6 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E (emacs)108 429.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 446.4 Q -F0 .567(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 458.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.068(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -3.068 G .568(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 470.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) --.65 E F2(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 482.4 S .83 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F2(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F2(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 -(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 -(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H -.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 494.4 R F2 .6(meta pr)3.1 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F2(x)A F0 -.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) --3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 +F0 .568(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k) +108 458.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.067(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +3.067 G .567(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A +1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 470.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) +-.65 E F2(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 482.4 S .831 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F2(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F2(x)3.331 E F0 +3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 +(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 +(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 494.4 R F2 .599(meta pr)3.099 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F2 +(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 +(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 (hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 506.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H (hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 523.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 523.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) -108 535.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E +(ho)108 535.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) +.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 547.2 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 547.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 559.2 Q +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 559.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 576 R F2 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 576 R F2 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F2 -(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 588 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F2 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 588 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F2 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) @@ -4116,28 +4121,28 @@ F0 .567(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k) (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) 108 612 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 628.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 640.8 -R F2(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 652.8 R .196(en from the v) +R F2(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 652.8 R .196(en from the v) -.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F3(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 (ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 664.8 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 676.8 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) -6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 +nd the k)108 664.8 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 676.8 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) +6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 (lines are ignored.)108 688.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 (ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 -(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 700.8 R +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736 +(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 700.8 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 717.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 717.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 (programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 729.6 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4) -145.96 E(33)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26) +147.345 E(33)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4150,10 +4155,10 @@ BP /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument) --.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo)108 153.6 R 1.261 +-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo)108 153.6 R 1.261 (wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G (BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 -E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.761 E +E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 165.6 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1 (SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G (B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 @@ -4164,47 +4169,47 @@ F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 165.6 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1 (ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 223.2 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366 -(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .383(command or the te) +(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .382(command or the te) 108 235.2 R .383(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383 (equence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-).15 F .853 (\214ed in one of tw)108 247.2 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 (ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 (ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) 3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 259.2 Q 1.542(When using the form)108 276 R F2 --.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042 +(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 259.2 Q 1.541(When using the form)108 276 R F2 +-.1(ke)4.041 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542 -(is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.841 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.541(pelled out in) +(is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.842 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.542(pelled out in) .15 F 2.5(English. F)108 288 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E (Control-u: uni)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E (Meta-Rubout: backw)144 324 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 336 Q .698(In the abo)108 352.8 R .998 -.15 +(Control-o: "> output")144 336 Q .699(In the abo)108 352.8 R .998 -.15 (ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 (is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 (is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 364.8 Q F2 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1 -(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1 +(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 376.8 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 393.6 R F2("k)2.555 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 393.6 R F2("k)2.556 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) +2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 (denoting an entire k)108 405.6 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 417.6 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 -(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 417.6 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F (are not recognized.)108 429.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 453.6 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 465.6 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 477.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 494.4 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) -3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 477.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 494.4 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 506.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 506.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A @@ -4219,8 +4224,8 @@ escapes is a)108 612 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 624 Q F0 648 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F2(\\f)144 660 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F2(\\n)144 672 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 684 Q F0(carriage return) 28.78 E F2(\\t)144 696 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F2(\\v)144 708 Q F0 --.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4) -145.96 E(34)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26) +147.345 E(34)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4231,55 +4236,55 @@ F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E (alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 96 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5 -(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te) +(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te) 108 112.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used t\ -o indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 124.8 R .09 -(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body) -5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F +o indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 124.8 R +.089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body) +5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 136.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F (will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E -(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 153.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E -.429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 --.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 165.6 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 +(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 153.6 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43 +(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 165.6 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F12.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 (iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 177.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 194.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 206.4 +(Readline V)87 194.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 206.4 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 218.4 Q(c)-.37 E +(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 218.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 235.2 Q F2 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 252 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues) -.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v) +F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v) 108 264 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F -.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 +.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -288 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 304.8 Q F0 .01 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 +(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 +288 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 304.8 Q F0 .011 (Controls what happens when readline w)144 316.8 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) -2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 328.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E -F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 340.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 352.8 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 364.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ -empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 376.8 Q -.15 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 +E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 +(rings the bell.)144 328.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 340.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 352.8 Q F0 .056 +(If set to)144 364.8 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ +s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 376.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) -.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 388.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 400.8 R -F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 412.8 Q F1 +-.63 E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 400.8 R +F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 412.8 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 424.8 Q (e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 436.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 @@ -4287,44 +4292,44 @@ F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr) 108 448.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\ in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions\ - that is displayed)144 460.8 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 472.8 R -1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 -(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 + that is displayed)144 460.8 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 472.8 R +1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274 +(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275 (es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 484.8 S(lue are replaced with a\ n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 496.8 Q F0 .529 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 508.8 R .53 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) -144 520.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It) -3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56 -(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 -532.8 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ -qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 544.8 S .237 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 496.8 Q F0 .53 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 508.8 R .529 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) +144 520.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 532.8 R +.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 544.8 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G .237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 556.8 Q F1(con)108 -568.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 580.8 -R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 --.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 +568.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 580.8 +R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 +-.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 592.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 +144 592.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 604.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(disable\255completion \(Off\)) 108 616.8 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 628.8 R F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) 144 640.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 652.8 Q F0 .253 +F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 652.8 Q F0 .252 (Controls whether readline be)144 664.8 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 -F .553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F2(emacs)2.752 E F0 -(or)2.752 E F2(vi)2.752 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.252 E F0 +F .553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F2(emacs)2.753 E F0 +(or)2.753 E F2(vi)2.753 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.253 E F0 (can be set to either)144 676.8 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(enable\255k)108 688.8 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 +F0(.)A F1(enable\255k)108 688.8 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 (When set to)144 700.8 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F (tems need this to enable the arro)144 712.8 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey) --2.6 G(s.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(35)195.95 E +-2.6 G(s.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(35)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -4335,46 +4340,46 @@ BP (If set to)144 96 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E (xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)-.15 E(ord completion.) -.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 108 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1(ve)-.1 G -(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.493(If set to)144 120 R F1(on)3.993 E F0 -3.993(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at the same lo\ -cation on each history line)-3.993 F(retrie)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.492(If set to)144 120 R F1(on)3.992 E F0 +3.992(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at the same lo\ +cation on each history line)-3.992 F(retrie)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0 (or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(0\))108 144 -Q F0 .462(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 156 R -.15 +Q F0 .463(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 156 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 -F .463(If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F +F .462(If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F (entries in the history list is not limited.)144 168 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 180 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 -(When set to)144 192 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 +(horizontal\255scr)108 180 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 +(When set to)144 192 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ ne)144 204 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 216 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 228 -Q F0 .228(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \ +Q F0 .227(If set to)144 240 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \ will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\ -rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 252 R -.05 +rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 252 R -.05 (ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.957(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.457 E F0 .957(is a)3.457 F +.956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F (synon)144 264 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 276 Q (ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\ -thout subsequently e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934 +thout subsequently e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935 (ing the character as a command.)144 300 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 -(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.435 E F0 +(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.434 E F0 (and)144 312 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.) -2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 324 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021 +2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 324 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02 (Set the current readline k)144 336 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 -(map names is).15 F F2 2.02(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E -.068(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 348 R F0 2.568 +(map names is).15 F F2 2.021(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E +.069(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 348 R F0 2.568 (,a)C(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 360 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 360 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 372 Q(fects the def)-.25 +(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 372 Q(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 384 Q (ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 396 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) @@ -4387,76 +4392,76 @@ E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 384 Q (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 456 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 468 Q F0 .193(This v)144 480 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E 1.023 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 468 Q F0 .192(This v)144 480 R +.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E 1.024 (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion, unless the leading `.) -144 492 R 3.523('i)-.7 G 3.523(ss)-3.523 G 1.024 +144 492 R 3.523('i)-.7 G 3.523(ss)-3.523 G 1.023 (upplied by the user in the)-3.523 F(\214lename to be completed.)144 504 -Q F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .507(If set to)144 528 R F1(On) -3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\ -hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 540 Q +Q F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .506(If set to)144 528 R F1(On) +3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\ +hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 540 Q (ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 552 Q F0 -.808(If set to)144 564 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808 +.809(If set to)144 564 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808 (eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-) -3.308 F(tions at a time.)144 576 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 1.319 -(If set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 588 Q F0 1.318 +(If set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 F(order)144 612 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 624 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .872(If set to)144 636 R F1(on)3.372 E F0 3.372(,r)C .873 +F0 .873(If set to)144 636 R F1(on)3.373 E F0 3.373(,r)C .872 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.372 F F1(accept\255line)3.373 E F0(is)3.373 E -.15(exe)144 648 S +-3.373 F F1(accept\255line)3.372 E F0(is)3.372 E -.15(exe)144 648 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 (vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 660 S(adline) .18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 672 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .477(This alters the def)144 684 R .477(ault beha)-.1 F .477 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .478(If set to)5.478 F F1(on) -2.978 E F0 2.978(,w)C .478(ords which ha)-3.078 F .778 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +F0 .478(This alters the def)144 684 R .478(ault beha)-.1 F .478 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .477(If set to)5.477 F F1(on) +2.977 E F0 2.977(,w)C .477(ords which ha)-3.077 F .777 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 696 R(bell.)144 708 Q -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(36)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(36)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sho)108 84 Q -(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 96 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 108 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.923(.I)C -4.423(fs)-6.923 G 1.923(et to)-4.423 F F1(on)4.423 E F0 4.423(,w)C 1.923 -(ords which ha)-4.523 F 2.222 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.922 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 120 R 3.539 +(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 96 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 108 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.922(.I)C +4.422(fs)-6.922 G 1.922(et to)-4.422 F F1(on)4.422 E F0 4.422(,w)C 1.922 +(ords which ha)-4.522 F 2.223 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.923 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 120 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 132 Q F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 156 R F1(On) +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 132 Q F1 +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 156 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 (st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B (when listing possible completions.)144 168 Q F1 (Readline Conditional Constructs)87 184.8 Q F0 .05 (Readline implements a f)108 196.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 208.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 +(which allo)108 208.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 (There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 237.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.962 E -F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on the\ - editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 237.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.963 E +F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on the\ + editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .477 (or the application using readline.)144 249.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F (are required to isolate it.)144 261.6 Q F1(mode)144 278.4 Q F0(The) -12.67 E F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 +12.67 E F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 (mode. This)180 290.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F @@ -4464,13 +4469,13 @@ F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) 3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 302.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E (d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 (ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 314.4 -Q F1(term)144 331.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 343.2 R +Q F1(term)144 331.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 343.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 355.2 Q F1(=)3.232 -E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\ +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 355.2 Q F1(=)3.231 +E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 367.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 @@ -4479,12 +4484,12 @@ Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 408 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 -420 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 -(ci\214c program.)180 432 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) +180 420 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F +.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F +.396(ci\214c program.)180 432 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 444 Q +(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 444 Q (vious w)-.25 E(ord in Bash:)-.1 E F1($if)180 468 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 (#Q)180 480 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E ("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 492 Q F1($endif)180 504 Q($endif)108 @@ -4492,74 +4497,73 @@ Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1($else) 108 537.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 (directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 554.4 Q F0 .356 -(This directi)144 566.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 554.4 Q F0 .357 +(This directi)144 566.4 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) 144 578.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 ($include)144 602.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 619.2 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 631.2 R .835 +(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 631.2 R .834 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 643.2 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E +.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 643.2 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 660 R .697 +E .698(Incremental searches be)108 660 R .698 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 +.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 (search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 672 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 +E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 (incremental search requires only as man)108 684 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 -(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542 -(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) +(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.541 +(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) 108 696 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 (If that v)108 708 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 720 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ -l search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096(When the search is) -5.096 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(37)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +F .096(mental search.)108 720 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ +l search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097(When the search is) +5.097 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(37)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E(terminated, the history entry containing the search string becom\ -es the current line.)108 84 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)108 100.8 T 1.339(nd ot\ +es the current line.)108 84 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 100.8 T 1.339(nd ot\ her matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R a\ -s appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675(search backw)108 112.8 -R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 124.8 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +s appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674(search backw)108 112.8 +R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 124.8 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 136.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.041 E(wline) --.15 E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e) -3.041 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F -(history list.)108 148.8 Q .653 -(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 165.6 R .653 -(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 -F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 177.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E +.54(instance, a)108 136.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 +E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.) +108 148.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.) +108 165.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 +(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E +(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 177.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 194.4 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ rent line.)108 206.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 -223.2 Q F0 1.391(The follo)108 235.2 R 1.391 +223.2 Q F0 1.392(The follo)108 235.2 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 247.2 R .122 -(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 259.2 Q F1(point)3.41 E -F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F1(mark)3.411 E -F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) -.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F2(set\255mark)108 271.2 Q F0 2.5 +3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 247.2 R .121 +(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 +(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 259.2 Q F1(point)3.411 +E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F1(mark) +3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 +(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F2(set\255mark)108 271.2 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) 2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 288 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E @@ -4571,8 +4575,8 @@ F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) .15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 372 Q F0(Mo)144 384 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.25(fo)108 396 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 408 -Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 +Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 (ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F (ters and digits\).)144 420 Q F2(backward\255w)108 432 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) -.1 E F0(Mo)144 444 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 @@ -4583,8 +4587,8 @@ Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) -.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F (ters.)144 492 Q F2(shell\255backward\255w)108 504 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -516 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) -.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 +516 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 (ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 528 Q F2(clear\255scr)108 540 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 (Clear the screen lea)144 552 R .993 @@ -4593,10 +4597,10 @@ F2(clear\255scr)108 540 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 (current line without clearing the screen.)144 564 Q F2 -.18(re)108 576 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 588 Q F2(Commands f)87 604.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 616.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 -(Accept the line re)144 628.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 616.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 +(Accept the line re)144 628.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) -5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 +5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 (according to the state of the)144 640.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F @@ -4606,7 +4610,7 @@ S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F2(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 688.8 Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 700.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(38)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2009 May 26)147.345 E(38)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4618,91 +4622,90 @@ BP (end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 108 Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve t) -.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G (.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 -132 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 +132 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 (Search backw)144 144 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +-.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 156 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 168 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 180 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 -F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 +(Search forw)144 180 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 +F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 192 Q F1(non\255incr)108 204 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E -(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw)144 216 R .164(ar\ +(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)144 216 R .164(ar\ d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 228 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E (.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 240 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) --.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 252 R +-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 252 R 1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 264 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 -276 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 288 R .249(a\ +276 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 288 R .249(a\ rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 300 Q (This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 312 Q -(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 324 R .951(ard through \ -the history for the string of characters between the start of the curre\ -nt)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 336 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 348 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 360 -R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 +(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 324 R .951(ard through t\ +he history for the string of characters between the start of the curren\ +t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 336 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) +5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 348 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 +.622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 360 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 372 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 372 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794 (th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 (,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 384 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 384 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 396 R .282(vious command.) --.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 396 R .281(vious command.) +-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 (xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 408 Q (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 420 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 432 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 444 S .736(th an ar).4 F .736 -(gument, beha)-.18 F 1.036 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .736(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E -F1(yank\255nth\255ar)3.235 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.735(.S)C(uccessi)-5.735 E -1.035 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .735(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)3.235 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)3.235 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .728 +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 +(Insert the last ar)144 432 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 444 S .735(th an ar).4 F .735 +(gument, beha)-.18 F 1.035 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .735(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E +F1(yank\255nth\255ar)3.235 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.736(.S)C(uccessi)-5.736 E +1.036 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .736(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)3.236 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)3.236 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .728 (back through the history list, inserting the last ar)144 456 R .728 -(gument of each line in turn.)-.18 F .729(The history e)5.728 F(xpan-) +(gument of each line in turn.)-.18 F .728(The history e)5.728 F(xpan-) -.15 E .14(sion f)144 468 R .14(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .14 (xtract the last ar)-.15 F .14(gument, as if the "!$" history e)-.18 F .14(xpansion had been speci-)-.15 F(\214ed.)144 480 Q F1 -(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 492 Q F0 .622 +(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 492 Q F0 .623 (Expand the line as the shell does.)144 504 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 (xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 516 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 528 Q F0 .939 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 528 Q F0 .938 (Perform history e)144 540 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 552 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 564 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 576 R 1.626 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F3 -(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 552 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 564 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 576 R 1.627 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 +(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 (belo)144 588 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 600 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 612 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 624 Q F1 +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 600 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 612 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 624 Q F1 (history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 636 Q F0 (Perform history and alias e)144 648 Q(xpansion on the current line.) -.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 660 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) .833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 672 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 684 Q F0 .947 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 684 Q F0 .948 (Accept the current line for e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F (history for editing.)144 708 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(ument is ignored.).18 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(39) -195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(ument is ignored.).18 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(39) +197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4718,76 +4721,76 @@ BP -.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0 (as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 124.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 136.8 Q F0 .357 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 136.8 Q F0 .358 (Delete the character at point.)144 148.8 R .358(If point is at the be) 5.358 F .358(ginning of the line, there are no characters in the)-.15 F (line, and the last character typed w)144 160.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)-2.5 E F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.) -A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 172.8 Q F0 .553 +A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 172.8 Q F0 .552 (Delete the character behind the cursor)144 184.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 (hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F -.552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552(he deleted te).15 F -.552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 196.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 208.8 S -(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 220.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F +.553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F +.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 196.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 208.8 S +(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 220.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F (character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 232.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 244.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 244.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 256.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 -G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 -(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 268.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 +(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 268.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 (tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 280.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 (Insert a tab character)144 292.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 304.8 Q F0 (Insert the character typed.)144 316.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 328.8 Q F0 .321 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 328.8 Q F0 .322 (Drag the character before point forw)144 340.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 -(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -352.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E +352.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 364.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 376.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -388.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) --2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F +(transpose\255w)108 376.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 +388.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) +-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 400.8 Q 2.5 (ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 412.8 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 424.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 436.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 448.8 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 460.8 Q 1.647 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 460.8 Q 1.648 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 472.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 484.8 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 496.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 508.8 S(rd, b) .1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 -520.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 532.8 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 544.8 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +520.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 532.8 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 544.8 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 -(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 556.8 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) -4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 556.8 Q F1(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi) +4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) -4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969 -(mode. In)144 568.8 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469 +4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968 +(mode. In)144 568.8 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468 (rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 -1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957 -(pushing the te)144 580.8 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 -(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 592.8 +1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958 +(pushing the te)144 580.8 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957 +(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 +.957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 592.8 Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 609.6 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 621.6 Q F0 (Kill the te)144 633.6 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 @@ -4798,24 +4801,24 @@ Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) -2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 693.6 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -705.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(40)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +705.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(40)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 -.729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .728 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 +.728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G (rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 120 Q (ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 132 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 (backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 144 Q -(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 156 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 +(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 156 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 168 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) @@ -4823,14 +4826,14 @@ E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) 5.525 E(ward\255w)144 204 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 216 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 228 R .364 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -240 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 252 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 228 R .365 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 +240 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 252 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 264 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 276 Q +-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 276 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) -2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 288 Q F0 (Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 300 Q F1(kill\255r)108 312 @@ -4838,15 +4841,15 @@ Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 324 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E (gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 336 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) 144 348 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 372 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G -2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) --.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 384 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 396 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -F0(Cop)144 408 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 -F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) --.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 --.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 420 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 372 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 +G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 +E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 384 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 396 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 +(Cop)144 408 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F +2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 +G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 +(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 420 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 (yank \(C\255y\))108 432 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 444 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 456 Q F0 @@ -4854,26 +4857,26 @@ E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 456 Q F0 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 484.8 Q (guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 496.8 Q -(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .641 +(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642 (Add this digit to the ar)144 508.8 R .641 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-3.141 G 3.142(ument. M\255\255).18 F .642(starts a ne)3.142 F(g-) +(rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-) -.15 E(ati)144 520.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 -(uni)108 532.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .779 +(uni)108 532.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778 (This is another w)144 544.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 -(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 +(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 556.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 568.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 580.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 580.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243 (neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 592.8 R .243 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F 5.242(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.242 E(ar)144 604.8 Q .378 +-.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 604.8 Q .378 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F .378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 616.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) @@ -4881,17 +4884,17 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 484.8 Q (Completing)87 633.6 Q(complete \(T)108 645.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 657.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 669.6 Q .532(xt as a v) --.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F -.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 681.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 669.6 Q .533(xt as a v) +-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F +.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 681.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 693.6 Q F1 (possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 705.6 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(41)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(41)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4900,19 +4903,19 @@ BP -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 84 Q F0 .783(Insert all completions of the te)144 96 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 108 -Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 120 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 132 R F1 -(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929 -(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.193 -(possible completions.)144 144 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 108 +Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 120 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 132 R F1 +(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929 +(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.194 +(possible completions.)144 144 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 156 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 (\(subject to the setting of)144 168 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 (\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727 (An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E -F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 +F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 (positions forw)144 180 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 @@ -4920,7 +4923,7 @@ E(through the list.)144 192 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.) -.1 E F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 204 Q F0 .234 (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 216 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735 +(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 228 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 @@ -4946,10 +4949,10 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 276 Q F0 (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 420 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 432 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 444 Q F0 .58 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 444 Q F0 .581 (Attempt completion on the te)144 456 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 -(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 468 R +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 468 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F (\214nally e)144 480 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G @@ -4957,14 +4960,14 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 276 Q F0 (possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 492 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 504 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 516 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 516 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 (Attempt completion on the te)144 528 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F (for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1(dab)108 552 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 (Attempt menu completion on the te)144 564 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F (tory list for possible completion matches.)144 576 Q F1 (complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 588 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ @@ -4980,27 +4983,27 @@ E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 640.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 700.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ -ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 712.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(42)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +E F0(Re-e)144 700.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 712.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(42)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S -.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 +.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 (Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb) --.15 G 1.777(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F -(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.249 +4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb) +-.15 G 1.776(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F +(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.248 (Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R -5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 +5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 (bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 168 Q(case\255v) -.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 -E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.255 E F0 1.755 -(is lo)4.255 F 1.756 +E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.256 E F0 1.755 +(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F (uppercase character)144 192 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 204 Q (e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 216 Q @@ -5019,49 +5022,49 @@ F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F (Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144 -348 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +348 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) +2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) 144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 384 S -.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 384 S +.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) 144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 408 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 420 S 1.043 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 420 S 1.044 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1 -(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 444 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 456 S .481 -(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481(gument, the v)-.18 F .481 +(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 444 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 456 S .48 +(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v)-.18 F .481 (alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va) -2.981 G .48(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 468 Q .097 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.097 F .098 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.098 E -.322(the characters at the be)144 480 R .321 +2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 468 Q .098 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.098 F .097 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.097 E +.321(the characters at the be)144 480 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 492 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 492 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 504 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 516 Q F0 .839 -(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 516 Q F0 .84 +(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 528 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 540 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 552 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 552 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 (xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 564 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\ ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 576 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .371(The w)144 588 R .372 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .372 +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .372(The w)144 588 R .372 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .371 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516 (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 600 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 @@ -5073,345 +5076,345 @@ ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 576 Q .872(the line is redra)144 648 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 660 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 672 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 684 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) -5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ex)144 660 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 672 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 684 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 696 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E F2(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(43)195.95 E 0 -Cg EP +(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(43)197.335 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255v)108 84 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 1.8 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dump\255v)108 84 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 1.799 (Print all of the settable readline v)144 96 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 108 R .304 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 108 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) 144 120 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 132 Q(os)-.18 E -F0 .593(Print all of the readline k)144 144 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 156 Q +F0 .592(Print all of the readline k)144 144 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 156 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 (\214le.)144 168 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 180 Q (ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 192 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 208.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 208.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 220.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 232.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 232.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 244.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .334 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 261.6 R .333 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .333 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 261.6 R .334 (If a compspec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is) -5.334 F .587 +5.333 F .587 (used to generate the list of possible completions for the w)108 273.6 R -3.087(ord. If)-.1 F .587(the command w)3.087 F .587 -(ord is a full pathname, a)-.1 F 1.181 +3.087(ord. If)-.1 F .587(the command w)3.087 F .586 +(ord is a full pathname, a)-.1 F 1.18 (compspec for the full pathname is searched for \214rst.)108 285.6 R -1.18(If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an)6.181 F +1.181(If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an)6.181 F (attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the portion follo)108 297.6 Q (wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it\ is used to generate the list of matching w)108 314.4 R 3.317(ords. If) -.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 326.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E -.464(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 343.2 -R .463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 355.2 R .595 -(When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 +.463(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 343.2 +R .464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F +.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 355.2 R .596 +(When the)5.596 F F13.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .595 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F (shell v)108 367.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 384 Q 2.585(yc)-.15 G -.085(ompletions speci\214ed by a \214lename e)-2.585 F .085 -(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F12.585 E F0 .085 -(option are generated ne)2.585 F 2.585(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)2.585 G -(rds).1 E .843(generated by the pattern need not match the w)108 396 R -.844(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.844 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.344 E F0 -.844(shell v)3.094 F .844(ariable is)-.25 F -(not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 408 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3(FIGNORE) -2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 424.8 Q .321 -(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 F -F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -436.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 384 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G +1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 +(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F14.084 E F0 1.584 +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 396 S +.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 +(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 408 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 424.8 Q +.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F +F12.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) +108 436.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 448.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 +.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 +(using brace e)108 448.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 460.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -472.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 +472.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 484.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 501.6 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E -F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 513.6 R -.2 +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 +(After these matches ha)108 501.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F13.737 E +F0(and)3.737 E F13.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 513.6 R -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F4(,)A F3 -(COMP_KEY)108 525.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 -(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -537.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 525.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 +(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 +537.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .608 +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .609 (the function or command is in)108 549.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608 (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608(gument is the name of the command whose ar) --.18 F .609(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 +-.18 F .608(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 561.6 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073 (ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073(gument is the w)-.18 F -.072(ord pre-)-.1 F .607(ceding the w)108 573.6 R .607 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .608 -(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 585.6 Q .094 +.073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 573.6 R .607 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607 +(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 585.6 Q .093 (ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\ or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108 -597.6 Q(An)108 614.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +597.6 Q(An)108 614.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +-2.938 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 626.4 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 -(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 626.4 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 +(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 -638.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 655.2 Q .08 -(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1 -2.58 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581 -(di).1 G 2.581(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081 -(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859 +638.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 655.2 Q .081 +(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F +F12.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08 +(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858 (stitution. It)108 667.2 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\ - per line, to the standard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used) + per line, to the standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used) 5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 679.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E -.376(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 696 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 708 R -.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 720 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G -(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 +.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 696 R +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.876 +E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 708 R +.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 +(the w)108 720 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G +(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4) -145.96 E(44)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26) +147.345 E(44)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .85(attempting a match.)108 84 R(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 96 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +-.35 E .849(attempting a match.)108 84 R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 96 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(d.).15 E(Finally)108 112.8 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H -.586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1 +(d.).15 E(Finally)108 112.8 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H +.587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1 3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587 (options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\ the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \ -possible completions.)108 124.8 Q .247(If the pre)108 141.6 R .247 +possible completions.)108 124.8 Q .246(If the pre)108 141.6 R .247 (viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247 (atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247 -(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 153.6 Q F0 +(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 153.6 Q F0 (when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 -(If the)108 170.4 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 +(If the)108 170.4 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 F(pletion is attempted and an)108 182.4 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 -(By def)108 199.2 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F -.631(of possible completions.)108 211.2 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 223.2 R -.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 -(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 235.2 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 -(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 +(By def)108 199.2 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F +.632(of possible completions.)108 211.2 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 223.2 R +.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 235.2 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 247.2 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F13.171 E(default)108 247.2 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 259.2 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 276 R .633(tions force r\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 276 R .632(tions force r\ eadline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links t\ -o directories, subject)108 288 R 2.761(to the v)108 300 R 2.761 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 312 Q +o directories, subject)108 288 R 2.762(to the v)108 300 R 2.762 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 312 Q (ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E/F2 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 328.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372 -(When the)108 340.8 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 -(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .031 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 328.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371 +(When the)108 340.8 R F1 .371(\255o history)2.871 F F0 .371 +(option to the)2.871 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .032 (the list of commands pre)108 352.8 R .031(viously typed.)-.25 F .031 (The v)5.031 F .031(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)2.531 E F0 -.25(va) -2.531 G .031(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .43(mands to sa) -108 364.8 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43(istory list.)-2.93 F -.43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 -(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -376.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F4(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 388.8 -S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +2.531 G .031(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .429 +(mands to sa)108 364.8 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 +(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F/F4 +9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43 +(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E +.287(stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v) +108 376.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F4(EXP) +2.787 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 +388.8 S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F4(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 400.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(and)3.816 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 400.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 417.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 -E F3(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +108 417.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 +E F3(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 429.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F4(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .532 (lines speci\214ed by the v)108 441.6 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F4 (HISTFILESIZE)3.032 E F5(.)A F0 .532 (When the history \214le is read, lines be)5.032 F .532 -(ginning with the his-)-.15 F 1.159(tory comment character follo)108 -453.6 R 1.158(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps \ -for the preceding)-.25 F .052(history line.)108 465.6 R .053 -(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.052 F -.053(alue of the)-.25 F F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.553 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va) -108 477.6 S 4.387(riable. When).25 F 1.887(an interacti)4.387 F 2.187 +(ginning with the his-)-.15 F 1.158(tory comment character follo)108 +453.6 R 1.159(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps \ +for the preceding)-.25 F .053(history line.)108 465.6 R .053 +(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.053 F +.052(alue of the)-.25 F F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.552 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va) +108 477.6 S 4.386(riable. When).25 F 1.886(an interacti)4.386 F 2.187 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.887(hell e).15 F 1.887(xits, the last)-.15 F F4 ($HISTSIZE)4.387 E F0 1.887(lines are copied from the history list to) 4.137 F F4($HISTFILE)108 489.6 Q F5(.)A F0 .056(If the)4.556 F F1 (histappend)2.556 E F0 .056 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.556 F F1(shopt)2.556 E F0(under)2.556 E F4 .056(SHELL B)2.556 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E -(COMMANDS)108 501.6 Q F0(belo)2.672 E .422(w\), the lines are appended \ +(COMMANDS)108 501.6 Q F0(belo)2.671 E .422(w\), the lines are appended \ to the history \214le, otherwise the history \214le is o)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.921(rwritten. If).15 F F4(HISTFILE)108 513.6 Q F0 1.114(is uns\ -et, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is not sa)3.363 -F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.614(d. If).15 F(the)3.614 E F5 -.225(va)3.614 G 1.114 -(riable is set, time).225 F 1.252 +-.15 G 2.922(rwritten. If).15 F F4(HISTFILE)108 513.6 Q F0 1.114(is uns\ +et, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is not sa)3.364 +F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.614(d. If).15 F(the)3.614 E F5 -.225(va)3.613 G 1.113 +(riable is set, time).225 F 1.251 (stamps are written to the history \214le, mark)108 525.6 R(ed)-.09 E F0 -1.252(with the history comment character)3.502 F 3.751(,s)-.4 G 3.751 -(ot)-3.751 G(he)-3.751 E 3.751(ym)-.15 G 1.251(ay be preserv)-3.751 F +1.252(with the history comment character)3.502 F 3.752(,s)-.4 G 3.752 +(ot)-3.752 G(he)-3.752 E 3.752(ym)-.15 G 1.252(ay be preserv)-3.752 F (ed)-.15 E .105(across shell sessions.)108 537.6 R .105(This uses the h\ istory comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history) -5.105 F 2.605(lines. After)108 549.6 R(sa)2.605 E .105(ving the history) --.2 F 2.605(,t)-.65 G .104 -(he history \214le is truncated to contain no more than)-2.605 F F4 -(HISTFILESIZE)2.604 E F0 2.604(lines. If)2.354 F F4(HISTFILESIZE)108 -561.6 Q F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.293(The b) -108 578.4 R 1.293(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)3.793 E F0(\(see)3.793 E F4 -1.293(SHELL B)3.793 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.543 E 1.294(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe) -108 590.4 S .674(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E +5.105 F 2.604(lines. After)108 549.6 R(sa)2.604 E .104(ving the history) +-.2 F 2.604(,t)-.65 G .104 +(he history \214le is truncated to contain no more than)-2.604 F F4 +(HISTFILESIZE)2.605 E F0 2.605(lines. If)2.355 F F4(HISTFILESIZE)108 +561.6 Q F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.294(The b) +108 578.4 R 1.294(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)3.794 E F0(\(see)3.794 E F4 +1.293(SHELL B)3.794 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) +3.543 E 1.293(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe) +108 590.4 S .673(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .279 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .28 (and manipulate the history \214le.)108 602.4 R .279 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.279 F -.25(va) --.2 G .28(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 614.4 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 631.2 -R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +-.2 G .279(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 614.4 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 631.2 +R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F4(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 643.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G -.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F1 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F4(HISTCONTR)3.986 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 643.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G +.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F1 (cmdhist)108 655.2 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 (the same history entry)108 667.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 679.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 691.2 R F1(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.576 E F0 +.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 679.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 +(description of the)108 691.2 R F1(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F4 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -703.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(45)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +703.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(45)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 84 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G -(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 96 -R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 -(xpansion in)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61 -(This section)5.61 F .87(describes what syntax features are a)108 108 R --.25(va)-.2 G 3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def) -3.371 F .871(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871 -(hells, and).15 F 2.014(can be disabled using the)108 120 R F2(+H)4.514 +(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 96 +R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 +(xpansion in)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611 +(This section)5.611 F .871(describes what syntax features are a)108 108 +R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def) +3.371 F .87(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87 +(hells, and).15 F 2.013(can be disabled using the)108 120 R F2(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014(option to the)4.514 F F2(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F -(UIL)-.09 E 2.013(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 132 Q 2.5 +(iltin command \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F +(UIL)-.09 E 2.014(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 132 Q 2.5 (w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H (hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E -1.305(History e)108 148.8 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ +1.306(History e)108 148.8 R 1.306(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ -t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 160.8 R .21(guments to a pre) --.18 F .209 +t)-.1 F .209(commands, insert the ar)108 160.8 R .209(guments to a pre) +-.18 F .21 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 172.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 172.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 189.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 201.6 S 3.2 (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 213.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ -tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 -(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 225.6 R/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F4(wor) -3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F4(modi\214er)108 237.6 -Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 -(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 -(line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 249.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 -(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 -(one w)108 261.6 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 -(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 273.6 Q +3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 213.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 +(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 225.6 R/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F4(wor) +3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F4(modi\214er)108 237.6 +Q(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 +(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 +(line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F +(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 249.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352 +(-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625 +(one w)108 261.6 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 +(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 273.6 Q F2(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E F2(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G(nd single quotes can quote the history e) -2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 290.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 302.4 T -3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 314.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 331.2 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.258(If the)108 343.2 R F2 -(histv)3.758 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.259 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.758 F F2(shopt) -3.759 E F0 -.2(bu)3.759 G 1.259(iltin\), and).2 F F2 -.18(re)3.759 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.259(is being)3.759 F 1.498(used, history substitutio\ -ns are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 355.2 R 6.497(.I) --.55 G 1.497(nstead, the e)-6.497 F 1.497(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228 +(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.259(If the)108 343.2 R F2 +(histv)3.759 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.259 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.759 F F2(shopt) +3.759 E F0 -.2(bu)3.759 G 1.259(iltin\), and).2 F F2 -.18(re)3.758 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.258(is being)3.758 F 1.497(used, history substitutio\ +ns are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 355.2 R 6.498(.I) +-.55 G 1.498(nstead, the e)-6.498 F 1.498(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228 (reloaded into the)108 367.2 R F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228 (editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F (If)7.228 E F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228 @@ -5419,26 +5422,26 @@ ns are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 355.2 R 6.497(.I) 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) 3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 391.2 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F23.66 E F0 1.16 -(option to the)3.66 F F2(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 +1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F23.661 E F0 1.161 +(option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 (iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 403.2 -S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F22.556 -E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F2(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G -.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F22.555 +E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G +.056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F (end of the history list without actually e)108 415.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 432 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 -444 R F2(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F2 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 +444 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F2 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F (mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 456 Q F2 (Ev)87 472.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history li\ -st.).15 E F2(!)108 501.6 Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e) -32.67 F 1.607(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank) -4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608 +st.).15 E F2(!)108 501.6 Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e) +32.67 F 1.608(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank) +4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607 (line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 513.6 Q F2(extglob) 2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 525.6 Q F4(n)A F0 @@ -5450,30 +5453,30 @@ F4(n)A F0(Refer to the current command line minus)21.97 E F4(n)2.5 E F0 (string)2.5 E F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 573.6 Q F4(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.022 (Refer to the most recent command containing)144 585.6 R F4(string)3.522 E F0 6.022(.T).22 G 1.022(he trailing)-6.022 F F2(?)3.522 E F0 1.022 -(may be omitted if)3.522 F F4(string)3.861 E F0(is)3.741 E(follo)144 +(may be omitted if)3.522 F F4(string)3.862 E F0(is)3.742 E(follo)144 597.6 Q(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F5 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 614.6 Q F4(string1)-5 I F5(^)5 I F4(string2)-5 I F5(^)5 I F0 -2.629(Quick substitution.)144 621.6 R 2.629 +2.63(Quick substitution.)144 621.6 R 2.629 (Repeat the last command, replacing)7.629 F F4(string1)5.469 E F0(with) 5.129 E F4(string2)5.129 E F0 7.629(.E).02 G(qui)-7.629 E -.25(va)-.25 G -2.63(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 633.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F4(string1)A F0(/)A +2.629(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 633.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F4(string1)A F0(/)A F4(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 (belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 645.6 Q F0 (The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75 -(Wo)87 662.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 674.4 S 1.314 +(Wo)87 662.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 674.4 S 1.313 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 686.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 +(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.53(from the w)108 686.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F23.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 698.4 R 1.301 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 710.4 Q -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(46)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +-3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 +(are numbered from the be)108 698.4 R 1.3 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 +F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 710.4 Q +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(46)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5489,10 +5492,10 @@ BP (ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2 (x)108.77 156 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G(ange of w)-2.5 E (ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E -F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 168 Q F0 .315(All of the w)31 F .315(ords b)-.1 -F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `) +F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 168 Q F0 .316(All of the w)31 F .316(ords b)-.1 +F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `) -.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F -F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 180 Q +F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 180 Q (ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 192 Q F0 (Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 204 Q F0 @@ -5500,10 +5503,10 @@ F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 180 Q 2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 220.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 237.6 Q F0 .184 -(After the optional w)108 249.6 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 -G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F -.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 261.6 Q F1(h) +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 237.6 Q F0 .183 +(After the optional w)108 249.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 +G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F +.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 261.6 Q F1(h) 108 278.4 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214le name component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1 (t)108 290.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H @@ -5518,60 +5521,60 @@ E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 338.4 Q F0 -.1 E F1(x)108 350.4 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks) 2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 362.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A -F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 374.4 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E -F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 +F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 374.4 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E +F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 (in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721 -(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 +(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 386.4 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 +5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 F .666(be quoted in)144 398.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) 3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 410.4 R -(If)5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 -F F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774 -(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 410.4 R +(If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 +F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775 +(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E (ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 422.4 Q F2(string) 2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 (&)108 434.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 -(g)108 446.4 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) -.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 -('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 458.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) --.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 -(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 +(g)108 446.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 458.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 +(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 (delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 470.4 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 -(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 482.4 Q F0(.)A -F1(G)108 494.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 -('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 511.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 523.2 +-.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 +(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 482.4 Q F0 +(.)A F1(G)108 494.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 +2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 511.2 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 523.2 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F1108 535.2 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F12.533 E F0 -.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.533 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E +receded by)-.2 F F1108 535.2 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F12.534 E F0 +.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .034(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F .078(do not treat)108 547.2 R F12.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E +F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F .077(do not treat)108 547.2 R F12.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E 5.077(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.077 E F1(exit)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.577 E F0 (,)A F1(br)2.577 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(let) 2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)-2.577 E F1(shift)2.577 E F0 -.2(bu)2.577 G -.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .319(ments be)108 -559.2 R .319(ginning with)-.15 F F12.819 E F0 .319 -(without requiring)2.819 F F12.819 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b) --5.319 F .319(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .32(guments b)-.18 F .32 -(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F 1.144(accepting options interpret ar) -108 571.2 R 1.144(guments be)-.18 F 1.144(ginning with)-.15 F F1 +.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .32(ments be)108 559.2 +R .32(ginning with)-.15 F F12.82 E F0 .32(without requiring)2.82 F +F12.82 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b)-5.319 F .319 +(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .319(guments b)-.18 F .319 +(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F 1.143(accepting options interpret ar) +108 571.2 R 1.143(guments be)-.18 F 1.143(ginning with)-.15 F F1 3.643 E F0 1.143(as in)3.643 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.143 -(lid options and require).25 F F13.643 E F0 1.143(to pre)3.643 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 1.143(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 583.2 Q F1(:)108 -601.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 613.2 R -.451(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F -(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an) -3.222 F 2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 +(lid options and require).25 F F13.644 E F0 1.144(to pre)3.644 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.144(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 583.2 Q F1(:)108 +601.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 613.2 R +.452(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F +(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an) +3.221 F 2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 625.2 R(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 642 Q F2 (\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 654 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0 @@ -5584,35 +5587,35 @@ E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608(names in)144 690 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608 (are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA) -3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 702 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332 -(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832 -(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 +3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 702 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333 +(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832 +(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 (\214le is found in)144 714 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 726 -S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 726 +S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612 (yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(47)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(47)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)144 84 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .342 -(the positional parameters are unchanged.)2.842 F .341 -(The return status is the)5.341 F .716(status of the last command e)144 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)144 84 Q F0 .341(is e)2.841 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.841(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .341 +(the positional parameters are unchanged.)2.841 F .342 +(The return status is the)5.342 F .716(status of the last command e)144 96 R .716(xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F1(\214lename) +(xe)-.15 G .716(cuted\), and f).15 F .715(alse if)-.1 F F1(\214lename) 145.91 108 Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2(Alias)144 -136.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724(guments or with the)-.18 F F2 +136.8 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724(guments or with the)-.18 F F2 5.224 E F0 2.724(option prints the list of aliases in the form) -5.224 F F2(alias)5.224 E F1(name)144 148.8 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58 +5.224 F F2(alias)5.225 E F1(name)144 148.8 Q F0(=)A F1(value)A F0 .58 (on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F1(name) 3.08 E F0(whose)144 160.8 Q F1(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 @@ -5621,23 +5624,23 @@ BP (ord to be check)-.1 F .395(ed for alias sub-)-.1 F .054 (stitution when the alias is e)144 172.8 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 (or each)-.15 F F1(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 184.8 R 1.314 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F1(value)2.554 E F0 .053(is sup-)2.553 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 184.8 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F2(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F1(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E (which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 196.8 Q F2(bg)108 213.6 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -225.6 R F1(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F2(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 237.6 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 -(bg)5.671 E F1(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 +225.6 R F1(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F2(&)3.244 E +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F1(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 237.6 Q F0 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F1(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F2 +(bg)5.672 E F1(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 (when job control is disabled or)144 249.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F1(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 261.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F1(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 261.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E F2(bind)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(bind)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1 @@ -5649,29 +5652,29 @@ G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F22.5 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 (shell\255command)A F2(bind)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F1 (function\255name)A F2(bind)108 338.4 Q F1 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 350.4 R F2 -.18(re) -2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 362.4 R F2 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F1 -(.inputr)144 374.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F -.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 350.4 R F2 -.18(re) +2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 +(equence to a).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) +2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 362.4 R F2 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F1 +(.inputr)144 374.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F +.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 (re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 386.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 -398.4 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 410.4 Q F1 -.1(ke)5.158 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) -.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E -F1 -.1(ke)180 422.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F1 3.193 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 +398.4 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 410.4 Q F1 -.1(ke)5.159 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E +F1 -.1(ke)180 422.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F1 3.192 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 434.4 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F1(vi\255insert) -4.429 E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.929(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F1(emacs)4.429 E F0 -1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.93(lent to).25 F F1 -(emacs\255standar)180 446.4 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2144 458.4 Q F0 +(vi\255command)180 434.4 Q F0 4.43(,a)C(nd)-4.43 E F1(vi\255insert)4.429 +E F0(.).68 E F1(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929 +(lent to).25 F F1(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F1(emacs)4.429 E F0 1.929 +(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929(lent to).25 F F1(emacs\255standar) +180 446.4 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2144 458.4 Q F0 (List the names of all)27.52 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 (functions.)2.5 E F2144 470.4 Q F0(Display)24.74 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E @@ -5703,132 +5706,132 @@ F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F (When)6.825 E F1(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 674.4 Q F0 1.113(is e) -3.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.113(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F F2 +3.613 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.113(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F F2 (READLINE_LINE)3.613 E F0 -.25(va)3.613 G 1.113 (riable to the contents of the).25 F F2 -.18(re)180 686.4 S(adline).18 E -F0 .586(line b)3.086 F(uf)-.2 E .586(fer and the)-.25 F F2 -(READLINE_POINT)3.087 E F0 -.25(va)3.087 G .587 -(riable to the current location of the).25 F 1.241(insertion point.)180 +F0 .587(line b)3.087 F(uf)-.2 E .587(fer and the)-.25 F F2 +(READLINE_POINT)3.087 E F0 -.25(va)3.087 G .586 +(riable to the current location of the).25 F 1.24(insertion point.)180 698.4 R 1.241(If the e)6.241 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.241 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 1.241(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(READLINE_LINE)3.741 E F0(or)3.74 E F2(READLINE_POINT)180 710.4 Q F0 2.5 -(,t)C(hose ne)-2.5 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G +(READLINE_LINE)3.741 E F0(or)3.741 E F2(READLINE_POINT)180 710.4 Q F0 +2.5(,t)C(hose ne)-2.5 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E(The return v) 144 727.2 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(48)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(48)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(br)108 84 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .054(Exit from within a)144 96 R F1 -.25 -(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .055(Exit from within a)144 96 R F1 -.25 +(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n) 2.555 E F0 .055(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F3 10 -/Symbol SF2.555 E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 108 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(i\ +-.15(ve)-.25 G(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F3 10 +/Symbol SF2.554 E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 108 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(i\ s greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e) -2.955 F 2.714(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E +2.954 F 2.715(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E (is 0 unless)144 120 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.) 2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)108 136.8 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 148.8 Q .792 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 148.8 Q .793 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 -F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 +F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -160.8 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +160.8 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 172.8 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 184.8 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E (uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 213.6 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 213.6 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 225.6 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.062 G 3.062(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 225.6 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.063 G 3.063(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 (ex)3.062 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)3.062 E F0 .562 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)3.062 F -.254(subroutine call.)144 237.6 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 -(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ +.253(subroutine call.)144 237.6 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 +(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 249.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 -(This e)144 261.6 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E -3.019(0. The)144 273.6 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 -(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 285.6 Q +ent e)144 249.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) +144 261.6 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) +5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 273.6 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 +(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 285.6 Q (alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 302.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255L|-P)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .21 (Change the current directory to)144 314.4 R F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21 (is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v) --5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .776 +-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .777 (de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 326.4 R F2 -(dir)3.276 E F0 5.777(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.777 E 1.077 -.15(ve d)-.25 H -.777(irectory names in).15 F F4(CDP)3.277 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +(dir)3.276 E F0 5.776(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.776 E 1.076 -.15(ve d)-.25 H +.776(irectory names in).15 F F4(CDP)3.276 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 338.4 R 3.264(An)5.764 G .764 (ull directory name in)-3.264 F F4(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E -F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 350.4 Q 2.973 -(,i)-.65 G .473(.e., `)-2.973 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.473(.I) -.74 G(f)-5.473 E F2(dir)3.323 E F0(be)3.703 E .474 +F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 350.4 Q 2.974 +(,i)-.65 G .474(.e., `)-2.974 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.474(.I) +.74 G(f)-5.474 E F2(dir)3.324 E F0(be)3.704 E .474 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F4(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .474(is not used. The)2.724 F F12.974 E F0 .474 -(option says to use)2.974 F .58(the ph)144 362.4 R .58 +.855 E F0 .473(is not used. The)2.724 F F12.973 E F0 .473 +(option says to use)2.973 F .579(the ph)144 362.4 R .579 (ysical directory structure instead of follo)-.05 F .579 -(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F13.079 E F0 .579 -(option to the)3.079 F F1(set)144 374.4 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.383 G .883 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F13.383 E F0 .884 +(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F13.08 E F0 .58 +(option to the)3.08 F F1(set)144 374.4 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.384 G .884 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F13.384 E F0 .884 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)3.384 F 3.384(wed. An)-.25 F -(ar)3.384 E .884(gument of)-.18 F F13.384 E F0(is)3.384 E(equi)144 -386.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .063(lent to).25 F F4($OLDPWD)2.563 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .063(If a non-empty directory name from)4.563 F -F1(CDP)2.562 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .062(is used, or if)2.562 F F1 -2.562 E F0 .062(is the \214rst)2.562 F(ar)144 398.4 Q .116(gument, \ +(ar)3.383 E .883(gument of)-.18 F F13.383 E F0(is)3.383 E(equi)144 +386.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .062(lent to).25 F F4($OLDPWD)2.562 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .062(If a non-empty directory name from)4.562 F +F1(CDP)2.562 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .063(is used, or if)2.562 F F1 +2.563 E F0 .063(is the \214rst)2.563 F(ar)144 398.4 Q .116(gument, \ and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne) --.18 F 2.616(ww)-.25 G .116(orking direc-)-2.716 F 1.165 +-.18 F 2.615(ww)-.25 G .115(orking direc-)-2.715 F 1.164 (tory is written to the standard output.)144 410.4 R 1.164(The return v) -6.164 F 1.164(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F 1.164 +6.164 F 1.165(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F 1.165 (as successfully)-.1 F(changed; f)144 422.4 Q(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 (command)108 439.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 451.2 Q F2(command)2.956 +([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 451.2 Q F2(command)2.957 E F0(with)3.527 E F2(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)3.027 F .257 -(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 463.2 R F4 --.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 +(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 463.2 R F4 +-.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002 (cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E F0(is) -3.771 E .231(performed using a def)144 475.2 R .231(ault v)-.1 F .231 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.202 E F0(is) +3.772 E .232(performed using a def)144 475.2 R .231(ault v)-.1 F .231 (alue for)-.25 F F1 -.74(PA)2.731 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .231 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.731 F(If) -5.232 E .175(either the)144 487.2 R F12.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1 -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2 -(command)2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F12.674 E -F0 .174(option causes)2.674 F 3.11(as)144 499.2 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F +5.231 E .174(either the)144 487.2 R F12.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 +2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F12.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.11(as)144 499.2 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F .61(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) -.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F -F1144 511.2 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F12.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F12.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 523.2 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 +F1144 511.2 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F12.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F12.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 523.2 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 535.2 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 547.2 S +(command)144.2 535.2 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 547.2 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1 (compgen)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 576 R F2 +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 576 R F2 (wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 E -F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 588 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 588 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) -3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 600 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F F13.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F13.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) 3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25 @@ -5842,16 +5845,16 @@ F(those completions matching)144 660 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 (will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 684 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 -(complete)108 700.8 Q F0([)3.034 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.034(][)C -F1-3.034 E F2(comp-option)3.034 E F0 3.034(][)C F1-3.034 E +(complete)108 700.8 Q F0([)3.033 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.033(][)C +F1-3.033 E F2(comp-option)3.033 E F0 3.033(][)C F1-3.033 E F0 3.033(][)C F1-3.033 E F2(action)3.033 E F0 3.033(][)C F1 --3.033 E F2(globpat)3.033 E F0 3.033(][)C F1-3.033 E F2(wor)3.033 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.033(][)C F1-3.033 E F2(function)3.033 E F0(])A +-3.033 E F2(globpat)3.033 E F0 3.034(][)C F1-3.034 E F2(wor)3.034 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.034(][)C F1-3.034 E F2(function)3.034 E F0(])A ([)108 712.8 Q F1A F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 724.8 Q F1A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4) -145.96 E(49)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26) +147.345 E(49)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5859,47 +5862,47 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete \255pr)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.634(Specify ho)144 96 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 -(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 -F .633(If the)5.634 F F13.133 E F0 .633 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 +.633(Specify ho)144 96 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 +(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 +F .634(If the)5.634 F F13.134 E F0 .634 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 108 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F -.14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144 -120 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name) -2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2 -(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.392 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 132 R(The)6.392 E F1 -3.892 E F0 1.393(option indicates that the remaining options)3.893 +.139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) +144 120 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2 +(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E +F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.393 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 132 R(The)6.393 E F1 +3.893 E F0 1.392(option indicates that the remaining options)3.892 F 1.304(and actions should apply to `)144 144 R(`empty')-.74 E 3.804('c) -.74 G 1.304(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a) --3.804 F(blank line.)144 156 Q 1.437 +-3.804 F(blank line.)144 156 Q 1.438 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -180 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 192 Q +180 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 216 R .856 -.15(ve t) +F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 216 R .855 -.15(ve t) -.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F -.555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.055 E F0(,)A F13.055 E F0 -3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F13.055 E F0 .722 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 228 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 -3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F13.222 E F0 .723 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +.555(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 +3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 228 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 +3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F13.223 E F0 .722 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E (sion before the)144 240 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 252 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 264 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 264 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 (yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 276 Q F2 (comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 288 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 300 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 312 Q -F1(default)184 324 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef) --5.376 E 2.875(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no) +F1(default)184 324 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')10 F 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef) +-5.375 E 2.876(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no) -.1 F(matches.)224 336 Q F1(dir)184 348 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\ tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 360 Q F1 (\214lenames)184 372 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 384 S .137(ll readline that the co\ -mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 -G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 396 R 2.634 +mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 +G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 396 R 2.634 (ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 408 R .45 (Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 420 Q F1(nospace) @@ -5908,7 +5911,7 @@ G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 396 R 2.634 .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 444 Q F1(plusdirs) 184 456 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 468 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 468 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 (atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 480 Q F1144 492 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 504 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E @@ -5930,7 +5933,7 @@ Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 636 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 684 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 696 Q F1 (gr)184 708 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 -Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(50)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(50)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5958,80 +5961,81 @@ F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 252 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 264 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.41(The \214lename e)184 276 R -1.411(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.911 E F0 1.411(is e)3.911 F -1.411(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 288 Q -F1144 300 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 312 Q F3(wor)3.64 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2 -(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and) --.25 F 2.007(each resultant w)184 324 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507 -(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the) -4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 336 Q(ord being completed.) --.1 E F1144 348 Q F3(command)2.5 E(command)184 360 Q F0 1.056 -(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 276 R +1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 288 Q +F1144 300 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 312 Q F3(wor) +3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.639 +F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14(special v)3.39 F 1.14 +(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008(each resultant w)184 324 R +2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.007 +(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F +(resultant list which match the w)184 336 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E +F1144 348 Q F3(command)2.5 E(command)184 360 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 372 Q F1144 384 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 1.18 -(The shell function)184 396 R F3(function)3.68 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.681 -(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.181(it \214n-)3.681 F .932 +184 372 Q F1144 384 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 1.181 +(The shell function)184 396 R F3(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.68 +(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.18(it \214n-)3.68 F .932 (ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 408 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F2 -(COMPREPL)3.431 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.181 E -.25(va)184 420 S(riable.) +(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184 420 S(riable.) .25 E F1144 432 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 444 Q F0 -.733(is a pattern as used for \214lename e)3.233 F 3.233(xpansion. It) --.15 F .733(is applied to the list of possible)3.233 F 1.596 +.456(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 +F .455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 (completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 456 R 1.596 (guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 468 Q F3(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 (tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 480 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1144 492 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 504 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +184 504 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 516 Q F1144 528 Q F3(suf)2.5 E 2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .466(The return v)144 544.8 R -.466(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 556.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 568.8 Q F0 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .467(The return v)144 544.8 R +.467(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F12.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 556.8 R F3(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 568.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E F1(compopt)108 585.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447 (Modify completion options for each)144 597.6 R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447 (according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0 .447 -(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 609.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 609.6 R F3(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 621.6 Q F3(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 633.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 633.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) 2.5 G(iltin described abo).2 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E .327(The return v) 108 650.4 R .327(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .327 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a) .25 F F3(name)108 662.4 Q F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e) 2.5 E(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 679.2 Q -F0([)2.5 E F3(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 691.2 R 1.753 +F0([)2.5 E F3(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 691.2 R 1.754 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F3(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 -(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 703.2 R F3(n)3.709 E F0 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F3(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 +(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 703.2 R F3(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F3(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 /Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F3(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 (loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 715.2 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 -(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F3(n)3.014 E F0(is) -3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 727.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 -Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(51)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 +(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F3(n)3.013 E F0(is) +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 727.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 +Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(51)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6042,106 +6046,106 @@ BP /Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 108 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E -F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764 -(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25 -(va)144 120 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F13.482 E F0 .982 -(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 -3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 132 Q F2(name)3.58 E F0 -(ar)3.58 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F(When) +-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 108 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E +F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765 +(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25 +(va)144 120 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F13.483 E F0 .983 +(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 +3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 132 Q F2(name)3.579 E F0 +(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F(When) 6.079 E F13.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2(name) -3.579 E F0(ar)3.579 E(gu-)-.18 E .15(ments, it will display the attrib) -144 144 R .15(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .151 -(ariables ha)-.25 F .151(ving the attrib)-.2 F .151 -(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .047(additional options.)144 156 R .047 -(If no other options are supplied with)5.047 F F12.547 E F0(,)A F1 -(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .046(will display the attrib)2.546 F .046 -(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 168 S 1.362(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.862 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.862 E F0 1.363 -(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.862 F(The)6.363 -E F13.863 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\ -\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 180 R 2.422(utes are) --.2 F 2.663(printed. If)144 192 R(the)2.663 E F1(extdeb)2.663 E(ug)-.2 E -F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.663 F F1(shopt)2.664 E F0 2.664 -(,t)C .164(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 F 1.382 +3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151(ments, it will display the attrib) +144 144 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F .151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15 +(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib)-.2 F .15 +(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144 156 R .046 +(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F12.547 E F0(,)A F1 +(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib)2.547 F .047 +(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 168 S 1.363(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F13.863 E F0 1.362 +(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The)6.362 +E F13.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of function de\ +\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 180 R 2.423(utes are) +-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 192 R(the)2.664 E F1(extdeb)2.664 E(ug)-.2 E +F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F1(shopt)2.664 E F0 2.664 +(,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664 F 1.382 (where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 204 R(The) 6.382 E F13.882 E F0 1.382(option implies)3.882 F F13.882 E -F0 6.382(.T)C 1.382(he follo)-6.382 F(wing)-.25 E .793 +F0 6.382(.T)C 1.382(he follo)-6.382 F(wing)-.25 E .794 (options can be used to restrict output to v)144 216 R .794 -(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 F -1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 228 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 +(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F +1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 228 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 144 240 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1144 252 Q F0(Each)23.08 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) .15 E F1144 264 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1 -144 276 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558 +144 276 Q F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 288 Q F0 (is performed when the v)2.25 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.) --.25 E F1144 300 Q F0 .909(When the v)27.52 F .909 +-.25 E F1144 300 Q F0 .91(When the v)27.52 F .909 (ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer) +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer) -.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 312 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E (ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 324 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2 -(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546 -(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F 2.546 +(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546 +(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547 (alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 336 Q F1 -144 348 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 +144 348 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 (ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) --.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) +-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) 180 360 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E -(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 372 Q F0 .91(When the v)24.74 F .909 +(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 372 Q F0 .909(When the v)24.74 F .909 (ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F -(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 384 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E +(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-) +-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 384 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E (ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1144 396 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E .12(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 412.8 R -2.62(ft)-.25 G .12(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F -.121(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F -1.237(to destro)144 424.8 R 3.737(ya)-.1 G 3.737(na)-3.737 G 1.237 +(vironment.)-.4 E .121(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 412.8 R +2.621(ft)-.25 G .121(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 +F .12(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F +1.236(to destro)144 424.8 R 3.736(ya)-.1 G 3.737(na)-3.736 G 1.237 (rray v)-3.737 F 1.237(ariable and)-.25 F F1 1.237(+r will not r)3.737 F (emo)-.18 E 1.437 -.1(ve t)-.1 H 1.237(he r).1 F 1.237(eadonly attrib) --.18 F 3.737(ute. When)-.2 F 1.236(used in a)3.737 F .311(function, mak) -144 436.8 R .311(es each)-.1 F F2(name)2.811 E F1 .311 -(local, as with the local)2.811 F F0 2.811(command. If)2.811 F 2.811(av) -2.811 G .312(ariable name is follo)-3.061 F .312(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 -448.8 Q F2(value)A F0 3.239(,t)C .739(he v)-3.239 F .739(alue of the v) --.25 F .739(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738 -(he return v)-5.738 F .738(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.738(lid option is).25 F .603 +-.18 F 3.737(ute. When)-.2 F 1.237(used in a)3.737 F .312(function, mak) +144 436.8 R .312(es each)-.1 F F2(name)2.812 E F1 .311 +(local, as with the local)2.812 F F0 2.811(command. If)2.811 F 2.811(av) +2.811 G .311(ariable name is follo)-3.061 F .311(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 +448.8 Q F2(value)A F0 3.238(,t)C .738(he v)-3.238 F .738(alue of the v) +-.25 F .738(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738 +(he return v)-5.738 F .739(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G +.739(lid option is).25 F .603 (encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 460.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .603(\255f foo=bar)3.103 F F0 3.103(,a)C 3.103(na) --3.103 G .604(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.243(assign a v)144 472.8 R -1.243(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.242 +-3.103 G .603(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.242(assign a v)144 472.8 R +1.242(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.243 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E 1.386 (without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 484.8 R F1 (Arrays)3.886 E F0(abo)3.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.386(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 496.8 S .172 +F2(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 496.8 S .171 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 -F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 +F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 (ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 508.8 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 (ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 520.8 Q (xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 537.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255cplv])-2.5 E F0 --.4(Wi)144 549.6 S .329 +-.4(Wi)144 549.6 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 (single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 561.6 R 1.238 (Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 573.6 Q F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 585.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +1.564(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 597.6 Q F1144 609.6 Q F2 (n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F @@ -6152,14 +6156,14 @@ F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .324(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F (tory)180 657.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 669.6 Q F0 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1144 -681.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ -\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773 -G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 693.6 Q .258(The return v)144 710.4 R .258 +681.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ +\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772(nt)-2.772 +G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 693.6 Q .257(The return v)144 710.4 R .258 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 -E(52)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +.15 F(tory stack.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 +E(52)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6170,46 +6174,46 @@ BP (jobspec)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .295(thout options, each) .4 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df) .15 G .295(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795 -(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .244 +(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .243 (and neither)144 108 R F1 .243(\255a nor \255r is supplied, the shell') -2.744 F 2.743(sn)-.37 G .243(otion of the)-2.743 F F2(curr)2.743 E .243 -(ent job)-.37 F F1 .243(is used.)2.743 F .243(If the \255h option)5.243 -F .333(is gi)144 120 R -.1(ve)-.1 G .333(n, each).1 F F2(jobspec)4.574 E +2.743 F 2.743(sn)-.37 G .243(otion of the)-2.743 F F2(curr)2.743 E .243 +(ent job)-.37 F F1 .243(is used.)2.743 F .244(If the \255h option)5.243 +F .334(is gi)144 120 R -.1(ve)-.1 G .334(n, each).1 F F2(jobspec)4.574 E F0 .334(is not remo)3.144 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.834(df).15 G .334 (rom the table, b)-2.834 F .334(ut is mark)-.2 F .334(ed so that)-.1 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.834 E F0 .334(is not sent to)2.584 F 1.19 -(the job if the shell recei)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.689(sa).15 G F3 -(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.189(If no)5.689 F F2(jobspec) +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.834 E F0 .333(is not sent to)2.584 F +1.189(the job if the shell recei)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.689(sa).15 G +F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.189(If no)5.689 F F2(jobspec) 5.429 E F0 1.189(is present, and neither the)3.999 F F13.689 E F0 -1.189(nor the)3.689 F F13.689 E F0 1.569(option is supplied, the) -144 144 R F2(curr)4.069 E 1.569(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.569(is used.)4.069 F -1.569(If no)6.569 F F2(jobspec)5.809 E F0 1.57(is supplied, the)4.38 F -F14.07 E F0 1.57(option means to)4.07 F(remo)144 156 Q .904 -.15 -(ve o)-.15 H 3.104(rm).15 G .604(ark all jobs; the)-3.104 F F1 -3.103 E F0 .603(option without a)3.103 F F2(jobspec)4.843 E F0(ar)3.413 -E .603(gument restricts operation to running)-.18 F 2.5(jobs. The)144 +1.19(nor the)3.69 F F13.69 E F0 1.57(option is supplied, the)144 +144 R F2(curr)4.07 E 1.57(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.57(is used.)4.07 F 1.569 +(If no)6.569 F F2(jobspec)5.809 E F0 1.569(is supplied, the)4.379 F F1 +4.069 E F0 1.569(option means to)4.069 F(remo)144 156 Q .903 -.15 +(ve o)-.15 H 3.103(rm).15 G .603(ark all jobs; the)-3.103 F F1 +3.103 E F0 .603(option without a)3.103 F F2(jobspec)4.843 E F0(ar)3.414 +E .604(gument restricts operation to running)-.18 F 2.5(jobs. The)144 168 R(return v)2.5 E(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.394(Output the)144 196.8 R F2(ar)2.894 E(g)-.37 E F0 .394 +.395(Output the)144 196.8 R F2(ar)2.895 E(g)-.37 E F0 .395 (s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895 -(wline. The)-.25 F .395(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .395 -(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.395 E F12.895 E F0 .549 +(wline. The)-.25 F .394(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .394 +(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.394 E F12.894 E F0 .548 (is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 208.8 R .548(wline is suppressed.) -.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F13.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 220.8 Q -.052(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.052 E F1 -2.552 E F0 .053(option disables the interpretation of these)2.553 -F 1.503(escape characters, e)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.003(no).15 G -4.003(ns)-4.003 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.003 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 -(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.002(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.002 -E F0(shell)4.002 E .009 +.053(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.053 E F1 +2.553 E F0 .052(option disables the interpretation of these)2.552 +F 1.502(escape characters, e)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.002(no).15 G +4.002(ns)-4.002 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.002 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 +(re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.003(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.003 +E F0(shell)4.003 E .009 (option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 244.8 R -F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.51 G .01(pands these escape characters).15 -F .66(by def)144 256.8 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 -(does not interpret)3.16 F F13.16 E F0 .659 -(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 -(interprets the follo)3.159 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 268.8 Q +F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.509 G .009(pands these escape characters) +.15 F .659(by def)144 256.8 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 +(does not interpret)3.159 F F13.159 E F0 .659 +(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 +(interprets the follo)3.16 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 268.8 Q F1(\\a)144 280.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 292.8 Q F0 (backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 304.8 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E F1(\\e)144 316.8 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f)144 328.8 Q F0 @@ -6224,137 +6228,137 @@ F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 376.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) -.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(enable)108 429.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277 +(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278 (Enable and disable b)144 441.6 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278 (Disabling a b)5.278 F .278(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278 -(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834(the same name as a shell b)144 +(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833(the same name as a shell b)144 453.6 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834 -(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.333 -(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989(the shell normally searches for b)144 -465.6 R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1 -3.489 E F0 .99(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F -1.582(abled; otherwise,)144 477.6 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582 -(are enabled.)4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582 -(xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582 -(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08 -(instead of the shell b)144 489.6 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run) --.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he) --5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w) --.25 E -.2(bu)144 501.6 S 1.525(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 -1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G -4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F -(The)144 513.6 Q F12.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F -.366(uiltin pre)-.2 F .366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 -5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn)-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E -.367(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the) -144 525.6 R F12.899 E F0 .399 -(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399(uiltins is printed.) --.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .398(guments, the) --.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 537.6 R 2.598 -(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098(is supplied, only disabled b) -2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 -1.917(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 549.6 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 561.6 R F12.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F -(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 573.6 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 +(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.334 +(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99(the shell normally searches for b)144 465.6 +R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F13.489 E F0 +.989(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 +(abled; otherwise,)144 477.6 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 489.6 R .081(uiltin v) +-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) +2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F12.58 E F0 .08 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 501.6 S 1.524 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 513.6 Q F1 +2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) +-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 525.6 R F1 +2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 +F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +537.6 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.098 E F12.598 E F0 1.916 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 549.6 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 +(enabled. If)144 561.6 R F12.879 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F +(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 573.6 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 585.6 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 602.4 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 614.4 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 614.4 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C +.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F +.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) -2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 638.4 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 (exec)108 655.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 667.2 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 679.2 R .177 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 667.2 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 679.2 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 691.2 R .499(gument passed to) --.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 -(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 703.2 Q F0 .639(to be e) -3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 691.2 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 +F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 +E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F12.999 E F0 +.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 703.2 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 715.2 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 715.2 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 727.2 Q 2.002 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.702(hell e).15 -F 1.702(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)4.201 E F0 -1.701(is enabled, in which case it returns)4.201 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(53)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +.15 F(non-interacti)144 727.2 Q 2.001 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.701(hell e).15 +F 1.701(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)4.201 E F0 +1.702(is enabled, in which case it returns)4.201 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q +(2009 May 26)147.345 E(53)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.1(fa)144 84 S 2.563(ilure. An).1 F(interacti)2.563 E .363 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H .063(hell returns f).15 F .064 +-.35 E -.1(fa)144 84 S 2.564(ilure. An).1 F(interacti)2.564 E .364 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .064(hell returns f).15 F .064 (ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.564(cuted. If) -.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.764 E F0 .064(is not speci-) -3.334 F .742(\214ed, an)144 96 R 3.242(yr)-.15 G .742(edirections tak) --3.242 F 3.242(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.242 G .742 -(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .741 -(If there is a redi-)5.741 F(rection error)144 108 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.763 E F0 .063(is not speci-) +3.333 F .741(\214ed, an)144 96 R 3.241(yr)-.15 G .741(edirections tak) +-3.241 F 3.241(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.241 G .742 +(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .742 +(If there is a redi-)5.742 F(rection error)144 108 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G (he return status is 1.)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(exit)108 124.8 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0 6.29(]C)C .095(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .095 -(xit with a status of)-.15 F F1(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F1(n) -2.955 E F0 .096(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096 +([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0 6.29(]C)C .096(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .096 +(xit with a status of)-.15 F F1(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F1(n) +2.955 E F0 .095(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095 (xit status is that of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 136.8 S 2.5 (cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e) 2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F2 (export)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F2(export \255p)108 165.6 Q F0 -.257(The supplied)144 177.6 R F1(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F +.256(The supplied)144 177.6 R F1(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 -(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 -(commands. If)144 189.6 R(the)2.626 E F22.626 E F0 .127 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 +(commands. If)144 189.6 R(the)2.627 E F22.627 E F0 .127 (option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F1(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F1(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F2 -144 201.6 Q F0 .66(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e) -3.16 F .659(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F2 -3.159 E F0(option)3.159 E 1.586(causes the e)144 213.6 R 1.586 +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F2 +144 201.6 Q F0 .659(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e) +3.159 F .66(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.66 E F2 +3.16 E F0(option)3.16 E 1.587(causes the e)144 213.6 R 1.587 (xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586 (rom each)-4.086 F F1(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G -1.587(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.587(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 225.6 Q -F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he v)-2.804 F .304(alue of the v) +1.586(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.586(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 225.6 Q +F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.803(,t)C .303(he v)-2.803 F .303(alue of the v) -.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F2 -(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .303 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .293 +(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .304 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .294 (option is encountered, one of the)144 237.6 R F1(names)2.793 E F0 .293 (is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F22.793 E F0 .294(is supplied with a)2.793 F F1(name)144.36 +F F22.793 E F0 .293(is supplied with a)2.793 F F1(name)144.36 249.6 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2(fc)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F2(fc \255s)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(pat)A F0(=)A F1 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .478(Fix Command.)144 290.4 R .478 -(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.478 F F1<8c72>4.888 E -(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F1(last)3.068 E F0 .477 -(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .881(tory list.)144 302.4 R F1 -.45 -(Fi)5.881 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.061 E F1(last)3.471 E F0 .882 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .477(Fix Command.)144 290.4 R .478 +(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.477 F F1<8c72>4.888 E +(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F1(last)3.068 E F0 .478 +(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .882(tory list.)144 302.4 R F1 -.45 +(Fi)5.882 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.062 E F1(last)3.472 E F0 .882 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F -.882(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 +.881(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 314.4 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an) -.15 F(of)144 326.4 Q .276(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F -(If)5.276 E F1(last)2.866 E F0 .277 -(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.456 F .093 +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .797(umber is used as an) +.15 F(of)144 326.4 Q .277(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F +(If)5.277 E F1(last)2.867 E F0 .276 +(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.457 F .092 (for listing \(so that)144 338.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092 (fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) 2.592 F F1<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F1<8c72> -4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .092(is not)3.272 F +4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .093(is not)3.273 F (speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 350.4 Q (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 374.4 Q F22.522 E F0 .022 @@ -6363,161 +6367,161 @@ F22.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 (rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 386.4 R .438(If the) 5.438 F F22.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 398.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E -F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +.335(the editor gi)144 398.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E +F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 410.4 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 -E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) --.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 422.4 R .95 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F --.15(exe)144 434.4 S(cuted.).15 E .04(In the second form,)144 458.4 R F1 -(command)2.54 E F0 .04(is re-e)2.54 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)2.539 E F0 .039 -(is replaced by)2.539 F F1 -.37(re)2.539 G(p).37 E F0 5.039(.A)C(useful) --2.5 E .406(alias to use with this is)144 470.4 R F4 .406(r='fc \255s') -2.906 F F0 2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F4 -6.406(rc)2.906 G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F -.407(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)144 482.4 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F4(r)2.5 -E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 +F(If)5.334 E F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 410.4 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E +F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 +F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 +(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 422.4 R .951 +(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F +-.15(exe)144 434.4 S(cuted.).15 E .039(In the second form,)144 458.4 R +F1(command)2.539 E F0 .039(is re-e)2.539 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)2.54 E F0 .04(is replaced by) +2.54 F F1 -.37(re)2.54 G(p).37 E F0 5.04(.A)C(useful)-2.5 E .406 +(alias to use with this is)144 470.4 R F4 .406(r='fc \255s')2.906 F F0 +2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F4 6.406(rc)2.906 +G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F .406(ginning with) +-.15 F F4(cc)144 482.4 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F4(r)2.5 E F0(re-e)2.5 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 (If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 506.4 R .142 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 518.4 +E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 518.4 R .454(If the)5.454 F F22.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 +(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 +(cuted or f).15 F .788 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 554.4 Q +542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 +(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 554.4 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F2(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E (ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 583.2 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +144 583.2 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 595.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 595.2 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G +.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 (alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 607.2 Q -.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 +.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 (hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 619.2 Q -F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F1(jobspec) +F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.815 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F1(jobspec) 4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004 (as started without job control.)-.1 F F2(getopts)108 636 Q F1 (optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 648 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 660 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 672 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 660 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 672 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 684 R 1.665 (Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 696 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 3.297 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) -3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G 3.296(ft)-3.296 G -.796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 708 Q .085 +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 +(option in the shell v)144 696 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 3.296 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) +3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G 3.297(ft)-3.297 G +.797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 708 Q .085 (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND)2.585 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 (or a shell script is in)144 720 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 (d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 -(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(54)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(54)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .803(into the v)144 84 R(ariable)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT) -3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .803 -(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F1(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 +-.35 E .804(into the v)144 84 R(ariable)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT) +3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .803 +(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F1(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 (reset between multiple calls to)144 96 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts) 2.793 E F0 .293(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293 -(cation if a ne).2 F 2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F -(is to be used.)144 108 Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,) +(cation if a ne).2 F 2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F +(is to be used.)144 108 Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,) 144 132 R F3(getopts)4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043 -(its with a return v).15 F 2.044(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3 +(its with a return v).15 F 2.043(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3 (OPTIND)144 144 Q F0(is set to the inde)2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F3(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 168 Q F0 2.393 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,) +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 168 Q F0 2.392 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,) .27 E F3(getopts)144 180 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 -204 Q F0 1.165(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665 +204 Q F0 1.166(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665 (ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F4(optstring) -3.895 E F0 1.166(is a colon,)3.886 F F4(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E -1.264(reporting is used.)144 216 R 1.263 +3.895 E F0 1.165(is a colon,)3.885 F F4(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E +1.263(reporting is used.)144 216 R 1.263 (In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.263 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 228 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 228 +R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) -.25 E F1(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F (will be displayed, e)144 240 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F4(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .667(If an in)144 264 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F3(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F4(name)3.527 E -F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399 -(and unsets)144 276 R F1(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F2(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3 +2.72 E .666(If an in)144 264 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,) +.25 F F3(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F4(name)3.527 E +F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4 +(and unsets)144 276 R F1(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F2(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3 (getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 (is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F1(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 288 -Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 312 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F -F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3 -(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F -F4(name)144 324 Q F0(,).18 E F1(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F3 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F3(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 336 Q F4(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F1(OPT) -2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3 -(getopts)144 360 Q F0 .902 +E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 +288 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 312 R 1.241(gument is not found, and) +-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \() +3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242 +(laced in)-3.742 F F4(name)144 324 Q F0(,).18 E F1(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 +E F0 .234(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If) +5.234 E F3(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F3 +(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 336 Q F4(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 +E F1(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 +E F3(getopts)144 360 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 372 Q F3(hash)108 388.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3-2.5 E F4(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F4(name)-2.5 E F0(])A -.15(Fo) -144 400.8 S 3.554(re).15 G(ach)-3.554 E F4(name)3.554 E F0 3.554(,t).18 +144 400.8 S 3.555(re).15 G(ach)-3.555 E F4(name)3.555 E F0 3.555(,t).18 G 1.054(he full \214le name of the command is determined by searching t\ -he directories in)-3.554 F F3($P)144 412.8 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.35(and remembered.)2.85 F .35(If the)5.35 F F32.85 E F0 .349 +he directories in)-3.555 F F3($P)144 412.8 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +.349(and remembered.)2.849 F .349(If the)5.349 F F32.849 E F0 .349 (option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.849 F F4 -(\214lename)4.759 E F0 .452 +(\214lename)4.76 E F0 .452 (is used as the full \214le name of the command.)144 424.8 R(The)5.452 E -F32.952 E F0 .452(option causes the shell to for)2.952 F .453 -(get all remem-)-.18 F .593(bered locations.)144 436.8 R(The)5.593 E F3 -3.093 E F0 .593(option causes the shell to for)3.093 F .592 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F4(name)3.092 E F0(.)A .02 -(If the)144 448.8 R F32.52 E F0 .02 -(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)2.52 F F4(name) -2.521 E F0 .021(corresponds is printed.)2.521 F .021(If multi-)5.021 F -(ple)144 460.8 Q F4(name)3.704 E F0(ar)3.704 E 1.204 +F32.952 E F0 .452(option causes the shell to for)2.952 F .452 +(get all remem-)-.18 F .592(bered locations.)144 436.8 R(The)5.592 E F3 +3.092 E F0 .593(option causes the shell to for)3.092 F .593 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F4(name)3.093 E F0(.)A .021 +(If the)144 448.8 R F32.521 E F0 .021 +(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)2.521 F F4(name) +2.52 E F0 .02(corresponds is printed.)2.52 F .02(If multi-)5.02 F(ple) +144 460.8 Q F4(name)3.703 E F0(ar)3.703 E 1.203 (guments are supplied with)-.18 F F33.703 E F0 3.703(,t)C(he) --3.703 E F4(name)3.703 E F0 1.203 +-3.703 E F4(name)3.703 E F0 1.204 (is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.703 F(The)144 472.8 Q F3 -3.215 E F0 .715(option causes output to be displayed in a format \ -that may be reused as input.)3.215 F .716(If no ar)5.716 F(gu-)-.18 E -1.184(ments are gi)144 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.184(n, or if only).15 F -F33.684 E F0 1.183 +3.216 E F0 .715(option causes output to be displayed in a format \ +that may be reused as input.)3.216 F .715(If no ar)5.715 F(gu-)-.18 E +1.183(ments are gi)144 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.183(n, or if only).15 F +F33.683 E F0 1.184 (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)3.684 F (The return status is true unless a)144 496.8 Q F4(name)2.86 E F0 (is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.).25 E F3(help)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F4(pattern) --2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 525.6 R .867 -(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F4(pattern)4.617 E F0 .867 -(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 -537.6 R F4(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 +-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 525.6 R .867 +(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F4(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866 +(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 +537.6 R F4(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 549.6 Q F3 144 561.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F4 (pattern)2.5 E F3144 573.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) @@ -6533,92 +6537,93 @@ F3(history \255p)108 662.4 Q F4(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F4(ar)A 2.5 -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F4(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 686.4 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G 1.231(been modi\214ed.)144 698.4 R 1.231(An ar)6.231 F 1.231 -(gument of)-.18 F F4(n)4.091 E F0 1.231(lists only the last)3.971 F F4 -(n)4.091 E F0 3.73(lines. If)3.97 F 1.23(the shell v)3.73 F(ariable)-.25 -E F3(HISTTIME-)3.73 E(FORMA)144 710.4 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .249 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.749 F F4 -(strftime)2.75 E F0 .25(\(3\) to display the time stamp)B 3.118 -(associated with each displayed history entry)144 722.4 R 8.118(.N)-.65 -G 5.617(oi)-8.118 G(nterv)-5.617 E 3.117 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G 1.23(been modi\214ed.)144 698.4 R 1.23(An ar)6.23 F 1.23(gument of) +-.18 F F4(n)4.09 E F0 1.231(lists only the last)3.97 F F4(n)4.091 E F0 +3.731(lines. If)3.971 F 1.231(the shell v)3.731 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 +(HISTTIME-)3.731 E(FORMA)144 710.4 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .25 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.75 F F4 +(strftime)2.749 E F0 .249(\(3\) to display the time stamp)B 3.117 +(associated with each displayed history entry)144 722.4 R 8.117(.N)-.65 +G 5.618(oi)-8.117 G(nterv)-5.618 E 3.118 (ening blank is printed between the)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(55)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2009 May 26)147.345 E(55)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .083(formatted time stamp and the history line.)144 84 R(If)5.084 -E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.584 E F0 .084 -(is supplied, it is used as the name of the his-)2.584 F .097 -(tory \214le; if not, the v)144 96 R .097(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)2.597 E F0 .096(is used.)2.347 F .096 -(Options, if supplied, ha)5.096 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .096(he follo).15 -F .096(wing meanings:)-.25 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 108 Q F0 +-.35 E .084(formatted time stamp and the history line.)144 84 R(If)5.084 +E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.584 E F0 .083 +(is supplied, it is used as the name of the his-)2.584 F .096 +(tory \214le; if not, the v)144 96 R .096(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)2.596 E F0 .097(is used.)2.346 F .097 +(Options, if supplied, ha)5.097 F .397 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .097(he follo).15 +F .097(wing meanings:)-.25 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 108 Q F0 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F3144 120 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) -180 132 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F3144 144 Q F0 .598 -(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 -(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599 +180 132 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F3144 144 Q F0 .599 +(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.099('h)-.74 G .598 +(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.099 F .598 (ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)180 156 Q F0 (session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F3144 168 Q F0 .854(Read \ the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the cur\ -rent history list.)24.74 F .772 +rent history list.)24.74 F .773 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 180 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E (sion.)180 192 Q F3144 204 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ \214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F3144 216 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15 (ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.) --2.5 E F3144 228 Q F0 .626 +-2.5 E F3144 228 Q F0 .625 (Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F1(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 240 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 252 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F3144 264 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)26.41 F F1(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +(normal history e)180 252 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F3144 264 Q F0 .362 +(Store the)26.41 F F1(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 276 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 (are added.)2.77 E .28(If the)144 292.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.78 E(T)-.95 E F0 .28 (is set, the time stamp information associated with each history entry) -2.78 F .54(is written to the history \214le, mark)144 304.8 R .539 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.539(.W)-.55 G .539 -(hen the history \214le is)-5.539 F 1.778(read, lines be)144 316.8 R -1.778(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.779 +2.78 F .539(is written to the history \214le, mark)144 304.8 R .539 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.54(.W)-.55 G .54 +(hen the history \214le is)-5.54 F 1.779(read, lines be)144 316.8 R +1.779(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.778 (wed immediately by a digit are)-.25 F 1.424 (interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 328.8 R 1.424 (vious history line.)-.25 F 1.424(The return v)6.424 F 1.424 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\ ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\ -, an in)144 340.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is) -3 E(supplied as an ar)144 352.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F32.5 E F0 2.5 -(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 -E(gument to)-.18 E F32.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F3(jobs)108 -369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 -E F3(jobs \255x)108 381.6 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs) --.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 393.6 Q .3 --.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 405.6 Q F0 +, an in)144 340.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(of)2.999 E(fset)-.18 E F0 +(is)2.999 E(supplied as an ar)144 352.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F32.5 E +F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F32.5 E F0 -.1 +(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F3(jobs)108 369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F3(jobs \255x)108 381.6 Q F1(command) +2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E +(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 393.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3144 405.6 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F3 144 417.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5 (sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3144 429.6 Q F0 -.194(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c) --.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F +.193(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c) +-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F (\214ed of their status.)180 441.6 Q F3144 453.6 Q F0 (Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F3144 465.6 Q F0 (Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1(jobspec) -4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 494.4 Q -.25 +4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 494.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 511.2 R F3 -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F3(jobs)2.894 E F0 +E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 511.2 R F3 +2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F3(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 +3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 523.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E @@ -6626,58 +6631,58 @@ F3(kill)108 540 Q F0([)2.5 E F3A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F3 2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F32.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 (][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F3 (kill \255l)108 552 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 564 R F1 -(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F1(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F1 -(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 576 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F F2(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F2(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 588 Q F1(signum)4.188 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) +(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 564 R F1 +(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F1(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 +(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F1 +(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 +(either a case-insensiti)144 576 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 +(ignal name such as).15 F F2(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F2(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 588 Q F1(signum)4.189 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F2(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 600 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 600 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F F33.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F F33.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) .15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 612 R .28 (guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F1 --.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 624 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F3 -2.878 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 636 R +-.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 624 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F3 +2.877 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .594(nated by a signal.)144 636 R F3(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F -.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F +.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .593(alse if an error)-.1 F (occurs or an in)144 648 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F3(let)108 664.8 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Each)144 676.8 Q F1(ar)3.965 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.135 -(is an arithmetic e)3.855 F 1.134(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.134(luated \(see).25 F F2 1.134(ARITHMETIC EV)3.634 F(ALU)-1.215 E --.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 1.134(If the) -5.634 F(last)144 688.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G +(...])2.5 E(Each)144 676.8 Q F1(ar)3.964 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.134 +(is an arithmetic e)3.854 F 1.134(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.135(luated \(see).25 F F2 1.135(ARITHMETIC EV)3.635 F(ALU)-1.215 E +-.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 1.135(If the) +5.635 F(last)144 688.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G (luates to 0,).25 E F3(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) 2.5 E F3(local)108 705.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name) -2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 717.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06 (ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned) 2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 -.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 729.6 Q 4.514(yo)-.15 G 4.514(ft)-4.514 G 2.014 -(he options accepted by)-4.514 F F3(declar)4.514 E(e)-.18 E F0 7.014(.W) -C(hen)-7.014 E F3(local)4.514 E F0 2.013 +.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 729.6 Q 4.513(yo)-.15 G 4.513(ft)-4.513 G 2.013 +(he options accepted by)-4.513 F F3(declar)4.514 E(e)-.18 E F0 7.014(.W) +C(hen)-7.014 E F3(local)4.514 E F0 2.014 (is used within a function, it causes the)4.514 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(56)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2009 May 26)147.345 E(56)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.25(va)144 84 S(riable).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.87 E -F0 1.01(to ha)3.69 F 1.31 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H 1.011 +-.35 E -.25(va)144 84 S(riable).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.871 +E F0 1.011(to ha)3.691 F 1.311 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H 1.011 (isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)6.011 G 1.011(th no oper).4 F(-)-.2 E(ands,)144 96 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)3.242 E F0 .741(writes a list of local v)3.241 F +(Wi)6.01 G 1.01(th no oper).4 F(-)-.2 E(ands,)144 96 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)3.241 E F0 .741(writes a list of local v)3.241 F .741(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F .741(It is an error to use) -5.741 F F2(local)3.241 E F0(when)3.241 E 1.34(not within a function.)144 +5.741 F F2(local)3.241 E F0(when)3.242 E 1.34(not within a function.)144 108 R 1.34(The return status is 0 unless)6.34 F F2(local)3.84 E F0 1.34 (is used outside a function, an in)3.84 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1 (name)144.36 120 Q F0(is supplied, or)2.68 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 @@ -6695,11 +6700,11 @@ F2A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 (arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A 1.006 (Read lines from the standard input into array v)144 177.6 R(ariable) -.25 E F1(arr)3.506 E(ay)-.15 E F0 3.506(,o).32 G 3.506(rf)-3.506 G -1.006(rom \214le descriptor)-3.506 F F1(fd)3.506 E F0 1.005(if the)3.506 -F F23.505 E F0 1.086(option is supplied.)144 189.6 R 1.086(The v) -6.086 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(MAPFILE)3.586 E F0 1.086(is the def)3.586 F -(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.587 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.087(.O)C 1.087 -(ptions, if supplied, ha)-6.087 F 1.387 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E(follo) +1.006(rom \214le descriptor)-3.506 F F1(fd)3.506 E F0 1.006(if the)3.506 +F F23.506 E F0 1.087(option is supplied.)144 189.6 R 1.087(The v) +6.087 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(MAPFILE)3.587 E F0 1.086(is the def)3.587 F +(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.586 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.086(.O)C 1.086 +(ptions, if supplied, ha)-6.086 F 1.386 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E(follo) 144 201.6 Q(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 213.6 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5 (ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2144 225.6 @@ -6715,7 +6720,7 @@ Q F0(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F22.5 E F0 (option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2144 285.6 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F1 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 302.4 Q F22.968 E F0 .467 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 302.4 Q F22.967 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F22.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 @@ -6727,22 +6732,21 @@ E F1(callbac)6.22 E(k)-.2 E F0(is)3.72 E -.25(eva)144 326.4 S (ut before the array element is assigned.)-.2 E (If not supplied with an e)144 343.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 360 Q F0 .996 -(returns successfully unless an in)3.496 F -.25(va)-.4 G .996 -(lid option or option ar).25 F .995(gument is supplied, or)-.18 F F1 -(arr)3.495 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)3.495 E(in)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 360 Q F0 .995 +(returns successfully unless an in)3.495 F -.25(va)-.4 G .996 +(lid option or option ar).25 F .996(gument is supplied, or)-.18 F F1 +(arr)3.496 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)3.496 E(in)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable.).25 E F2(popd)108 388.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 -400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299 -(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar) -.4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3 -(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 -412.8 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 424.8 Q F2144 436.8 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551 -(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F +400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se).15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.) +-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478 +(stack, and performs a)144 412.8 R F2(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne) +3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18 +(rg)-6.479 G 1.479(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +1.479(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 424.8 Q F2144 436.8 +Q F0 .551(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F +.551(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F (that only the stack is manipulated.)180 448.8 Q F2(+)144 460.8 Q F1(n)A F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F @@ -6750,17 +6754,18 @@ F2(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 472.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) -.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2144 484.8 Q F1(n)A F0 -(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F1(n)3.759 E F0 -1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25 -F F2(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180 -496.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 513.6 R F2(popd) -3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F2(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643 -(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F2(popd)5.643 -E F0 .415(returns f)144 525.6 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F1(n)3.76 E F0 +1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) +-.25 F F2(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 496.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 +E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 +513.6 R F2(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F2 +(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) +3.143 F F2(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 525.6 R .416 +(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F (tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 537.6 Q (ails.)-.1 E F2(printf)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(var)2.5 E F0 (])A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372 @@ -6768,60 +6773,60 @@ E F0 .415(returns f)144 525.6 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G (to the standard output under the control of the)2.872 F F1(format)2.872 E F0 5.372(.T)C(he)-5.372 E F1(format)2.872 E F0 1.804(is a character s\ tring which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which ar\ -e simply)144 578.4 R .159 +e simply)144 578.4 R .158 (copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are con) -144 590.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .158(rted and copied to the stan-).15 F .499(\ +144 590.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .159(rted and copied to the stan-).15 F .499(\ dard output, and format speci\214cations, each of which causes printing\ - of the ne)144 602.4 R .5(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(ar)3.15 E -(gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 614.4 Q F0 5.424(.I)C 2.924(na)-5.424 G .424 -(ddition to the standard)-2.924 F F1(printf)2.924 E F0 .424 -(\(1\) formats,)B F2(%b)2.924 E F0(causes)2.923 E F2(printf)2.923 E F0 -.423(to e)2.923 F .423(xpand backslash escape)-.15 F .976 + of the ne)144 602.4 R .499(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(ar) +3.149 E(gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 614.4 Q F0 5.423(.I)C 2.923(na)-5.423 G .423 +(ddition to the standard)-2.923 F F1(printf)2.923 E F0 .424 +(\(1\) formats,)B F2(%b)2.924 E F0(causes)2.924 E F2(printf)2.924 E F0 +.424(to e)2.924 F .424(xpand backslash escape)-.15 F .977 (sequences in the corresponding)144 626.4 R F1(ar)3.476 E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)3.476 E .976(xcept that)-.15 F F2(\\c)3.476 E F0 .976 -(terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F2<5c08>3.477 E F0(,)A F2 -(\\")3.477 E F0(,)A(and)144 638.4 Q F2(\\?)3.422 E F0 .922(are not remo) -3.422 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .922(d, and octal escapes be).15 F .922 -(ginning with)-.15 F F2(\\0)3.422 E F0 .921 +(terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F2<5c08>3.476 E F0(,)A F2 +(\\")3.476 E F0(,)A(and)144 638.4 Q F2(\\?)3.421 E F0 .921(are not remo) +3.421 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .922(d, and octal escapes be).15 F .922 +(ginning with)-.15 F F2(\\0)3.422 E F0 .922 (may contain up to four digits\), and)3.422 F F2(%q)144 650.4 Q F0 -(causes)3.63 E F2(printf)3.63 E F0 1.13(to output the corresponding)3.63 -F F1(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.131 +(causes)3.631 E F2(printf)3.631 E F0 1.131(to output the corresponding) +3.631 F F1(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.13 (in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 662.4 Q(The) -144 686.4 Q F22.904 E F0 .404 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.904 F(ariable)-.25 E +144 686.4 Q F22.903 E F0 .404 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.903 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F -(standard output.)144 698.4 Q(The)144 722.4 Q F1(format)3.423 E F0 .923 -(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F1(ar)3.423 E +(standard output.)144 698.4 Q(The)144 722.4 Q F1(format)3.424 E F0 .923 +(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F1(ar)3.423 E (guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(57)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26) +147.345 E(57)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)144 84 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 .033 -(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 +(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) -.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 96 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C(+) -2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 124.8 Q -F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a direc\ -tory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making th\ -e ne)144 136.8 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316 -(stack the current w)144 148.8 R 1.316(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W) --.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315 -(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315(irectories and)-3.815 F -.871(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 160.8 R 5.871 -(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 --.15(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 +F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a direct\ +ory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the\ + ne)144 136.8 R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315 +(stack the current w)144 148.8 R 1.315(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W) +-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F 1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316 +(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G 1.316(irectories and)-3.816 F +.872(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 160.8 R 5.871 +(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 172.8 Q F2144 184.8 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of dir\ ectory when adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F (only the stack is manipulated.)180 196.8 Q F2(+)144 208.8 Q F1(n)A F0 -1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.767 E F0 1.268 -(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by) +1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.768 E F0 1.267 +(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by) -.25 F F2(dirs)180 220.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C (tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2144 232.8 Q F1(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 @@ -6829,26 +6834,26 @@ ectory when adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F F F2(dirs)180 244.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) -2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 256.8 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)2.85 E F0 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25 -G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 273.6 -R F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F2(dirs) -2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489 -(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04 -(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 285.6 R F1(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G -3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.539 E F0 -1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144 -297.6 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\ -ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F -(speci\214ed ne)144 309.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E -(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .489(If the)144 273.6 +R F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F2(dirs) +2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488 +(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039 +(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 285.6 R F1(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G +3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.54 E F0 +1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 297.6 +R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent directory stack element i\ +s speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 +309.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 +326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 (Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 338.4 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 350.4 R F22.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 362.4 R(the)3.264 E F23.264 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 -F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 +(enabled. If)144 362.4 R(the)3.263 E F23.263 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 +F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 374.4 R -.25(va) -.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 386.4 Q F2 -.18(re)108 403.2 S (ad).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255ers)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(aname) @@ -6858,89 +6863,89 @@ E F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E F2-2.5 E F1(timeout)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the\ standard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 415.2 R F1(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 427.2 Q -F22.538 E F0 .038(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038 -(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G -.039(he second w)-2.539 F .039(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E +F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 427.2 Q +F22.539 E F0 .039(option, and the \214rst w)2.539 F .038 +(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F1(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G +.038(he second w)-2.538 F .038(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)2.538 E F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 439.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw) .15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 (ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) -.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 451.2 R .54(wer w)-.25 -F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \ -are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 463.2 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011 -(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 +.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 451.2 R .541(wer w) +-.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ +ames are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 463.2 S 2.51(lues. The).25 F +.011(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 (are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011 -(backslash character \()2.511 F F2(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89 -(be used to remo)144 475.2 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H -1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891 +(backslash character \()2.511 F F2(\\)A F0 2.511(\)m)C(ay)-2.511 E 1.891 +(be used to remo)144 475.2 R 2.191 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.191 -.15(ny s).15 +H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.89 (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F (Options, if supplied, ha)144 487.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 499.2 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 511.2 R 1.049 +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2144 499.2 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 +(The w)180 511.2 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F1(aname)180.33 523.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 --.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 535.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E -F0(The \214rst character of)180 547.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 +-.25 E F1(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F1 +(aname)180.33 523.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2144 535.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 +(The \214rst character of)180 547.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F2144 559.2 Q F0 .372 +F2144 559.2 Q F0 .373 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F2 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218 +2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218 (to obtain the line.)180 571.2 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E (acti)180 583.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E -F2144 595.2 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F2 -.18(re)2.715 -G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te) +F2144 595.2 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F2 -.18(re)2.716 +G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F1(te) 2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E -.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 607.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2144 +.215(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 607.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2144 619.2 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 631.2 S(ad).18 E -F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F1(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E -F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 +F0 1.394(returns after reading)3.894 F F1(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E +F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395 (aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input.)180 643.2 Q F2144 -655.2 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 667.2 Q F1(pr)3.66 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 +655.2 Q F1(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 667.2 Q F1(pr)3.661 E +(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161 (ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read) -.25 F(an)180 679.2 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2 -144 691.2 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) +144 691.2 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) -5.543 F(the line.)180 703.2 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) -.25 E F2144 715.2 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(58)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(58)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 96 Q F1 -.18(re)3.548 G(ad).18 E F0 1.048 -(to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048 +(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 96 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G(ad).18 E F0 1.048 +(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048 (ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout) -180 108 Q F0(seconds.)3.497 E F2(timeout)5.997 E F0 .997 -(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.497 F(wing) +180 108 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997 +(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing) -.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 120 R .576(This option is only ef) 5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G -(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .142 +(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141 (pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 132 R .142 -(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.141 E -F2(timeout)2.641 E F0 .141(is 0,)2.641 F F1 -.18(re)180 144 S(ad).18 E -F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.613 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .114 +(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E +F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 144 S(ad).18 E +F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.614 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113 +(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .113 (ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 156 Q (xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1144 168 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) -14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 184.8 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 -.192(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable) --.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .191(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 196.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad) +14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 184.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 +.191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable) +-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .192(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 196.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad) .18 E F0 1.343 -(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F +(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F (128\), or an in)144 208.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1 2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 225.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 @@ -6948,133 +6953,133 @@ E F1144 168 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor) F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2 (names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77 (alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 249.6 R -1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 261.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 249.6 R +1.097(If the)6.097 F F13.597 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 261.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F13.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .537(ables to associati)144 273.6 R .837 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.037 +-.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 273.6 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038 (rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F1 -3.038 E F0 .538(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .081 -(of all readonly names is printed.)144 285.6 R(The)5.081 E F12.581 -E F0 .08(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.581 -F 1.176(be reused as input.)144 297.6 R 1.176(If a v)6.176 F 1.176 +3.038 E F0 .537(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .08 +(of all readonly names is printed.)144 285.6 R(The)5.08 E F12.58 E +F0 .081(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.58 F +1.177(be reused as input.)144 297.6 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.177(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.177 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 309.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.206(.T)C -1.206(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.206 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.205 -(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.065 E F0 1.205 -(is not a)3.975 F -.25(va)144 321.6 S(lid shell v).25 E +3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.176(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.176 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 309.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.205(.T)C +1.205(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.205 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.206 +(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.066 E F0 1.206 +(is not a)3.976 F -.25(va)144 321.6 S(lid shell v).25 E (ariable name, or)-.25 E F12.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2 (name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 338.4 S -(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .586 +(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .587 (Causes a function to e)144 350.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F .587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 -E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .587(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 +E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .586(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 (that of the last command e)144 362.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 (cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G 1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe) 144 374.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() 5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 -(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795 -(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 386.4 R F2(n)3.106 -E F0 .246(or the e)2.986 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .245 -(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 398.4 R .082 +(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .794 +(cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 386.4 R F2(n)3.105 +E F0 .246(or the e)2.985 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .246 +(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 398.4 R .082 (If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082 -(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.582(,t).833 G .082 -(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 410.4 R 4.806(alse. An)-.1 F -4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 F F1(RETURN) -4.805 E F0 2.305(trap is e)4.805 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.305(cuted before e) +(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.581(,t).833 G .081 +(he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 410.4 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F +4.805(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.805 F F1(RETURN) +4.805 E F0 2.306(trap is e)4.806 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.306(cuted before e) .15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.) 144 422.4 Q F1(set)108 439.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 451.2 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 463.2 S -.835(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +.836(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F +.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 (reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 475.2 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 487.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) -2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 487.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) +2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 -(locale. When)144 499.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) --.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623 -(after option processing are treated as v)144 511.2 R 1.624 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 +(locale. When)144 499.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F +1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 511.2 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) 144 523.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 535.2 Q -F0 .54(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 -(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F -.539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 547.2 Q -(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 559.2 Q F0 .131 +F0 .539(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 +(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54 +(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 547.2 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.) +-.4 E F1144 559.2 Q F0 .132 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F -2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E (primary prompt.)184 571.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 583.2 Q F0 -.511(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)3.011 E F0 .511 -(\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F2 .51(simple command)3.01 F F0 -3.01(\), a)B F2(sub-)3.01 E(shell)184 595.2 Q F0 .872 -(command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.372 F -.15 +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 583.2 Q F0 .51 +(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)3.01 E F0 .511 +(\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F2 .511(simple command)3.011 F +F0 3.011(\), a)B F2(sub-)3.011 E(shell)184 595.2 Q F0 .872 +(command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.373 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F .399 (command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 607.2 R F3 .399 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.899 F F0(abo)2.649 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.899(\)e).15 G -.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.968(status. The)184 619.2 R 1.468 -(shell does not e)3.968 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468 -(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .57(immediately follo)184 631.2 -R .57(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F1(until)3.07 E F0 -.1 -(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .569 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F1(elif)3.069 E F0(reserv) -184 643.2 Q .544(ed w)-.15 F .544(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.044(yc)-.15 G +.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.969(status. The)184 619.2 R 1.468 +(shell does not e)3.969 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468 +(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .569(immediately follo)184 631.2 +R .569(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F1(until)3.069 E F0 +-.1(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .57 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F1(elif)3.07 E F0(reserv)184 +643.2 Q .544(ed w)-.15 F .544(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.044(yc)-.15 G .544(ommand e)-3.044 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .544(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.044 E F0(or)3.044 E/F5 10/Symbol SF3.044 E F0 .544(list e)3.044 F .544 -(xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 655.2 Q 1.231(wing the \214nal)-.25 -F F1(&&)3.731 E F0(or)3.731 E F53.731 E F0 3.731(,a)C 1.531 -.15 -(ny c)-3.731 H 1.231(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F 1.23 -(ut the last, or if the com-)-.2 F(mand')184 667.2 Q 3.19(sr)-.55 G .69 -(eturn v)-3.19 F .69(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .69 +(xcept the command)-.15 F(follo)184 655.2 Q 1.23(wing the \214nal)-.25 F +F1(&&)3.73 E F0(or)3.73 E F53.73 E F0 3.73(,a)C 1.53 -.15(ny c) +-3.73 H 1.231(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F 1.231 +(ut the last, or if the com-)-.2 F(mand')184 667.2 Q 3.191(sr)-.55 G +.691(eturn v)-3.191 F .691(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .691 (rted with).15 F F1(!)3.191 E F0 5.691(.A)C .691(trap on)-2.5 F F1(ERR) -3.191 E F0 3.191(,i)C 3.191(fs)-3.191 G .691(et, is e)-3.191 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .691(cuted before).15 F .687(the shell e)184 679.2 R 3.186 -(xits. This)-.15 F .686(option applies to the shell en)3.186 F .686 -(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F(viron-)-.4 E .658 +3.19 E F0 3.19(,i)C 3.19(fs)-3.19 G .69(et, is e)-3.19 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.69(cuted before).15 F .686(the shell e)184 679.2 R 3.186(xits. This) +-.15 F .686(option applies to the shell en)3.186 F .686 +(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F(viron-)-.4 E .659 (ment separately \(see)184 691.2 R F1 .659(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)3.159 -F(ONMENT)-.3 E F0(abo)3.159 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .659(\), and may).15 F +F(ONMENT)-.3 E F0(abo)3.159 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .658(\), and may).15 F (cause subshells to e)184 703.2 Q(xit before e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F1144 715.2 Q F0 (Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(59)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2009 May 26)147.345 E(59)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 2.239 -(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.238 -(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.738 -(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 96 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -144 108 Q F0 .513(All ar)28.74 F .514 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 2.238 +(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239 +(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739 +(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 96 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +144 108 Q F0 .514(All ar)28.74 F .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F +F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F (command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 120 Q F1 -144 132 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .149 -(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F -.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .636 +144 132 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .148 +(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F +.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .637 (on systems that support it \(see)184 144 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .636 (JOB CONTR)3.136 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136 -(\). Background).15 F .637(processes run in a)3.136 F .642 -(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 156 R .641 +(\). Background).15 F .636(processes run in a)3.136 F .641 +(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 156 R .642 (xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 168 Q F1 -144 180 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)28.74 F .652(ut do not e)-.2 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 +144 180 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)28.74 F .653(ut do not e)-.2 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 192 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1144 204 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The) 184 216 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E @@ -7091,14 +7096,14 @@ F0 2.5(option. This)224 300 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) 184 324 Q F0(Same as)224 336 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 348 Q (exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 360 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 372 Q F0 -(Same as)224 384 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 396 Q F0 .587 +(Same as)224 384 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 396 Q F0 .586 (Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587 (escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E (OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is) 5.087 F(on by def)224 408 Q(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 420 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 432 R -1.656(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF -(IGNOREEOF=10)4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted) +(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 420 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 432 R +1.657(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF +(IGNOREEOF=10)4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted) .15 E(\(see)224 444 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 456 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as) 224 468 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 480 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F1 @@ -7109,62 +7114,62 @@ F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 528 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 (Same as)15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 564 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 576 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 588 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 600 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 -(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 612 R +F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 600 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 +(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 612 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) -.15 F -.15(ex)224 624 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G (his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 636 Q F0 -2.091(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +2.09(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 648 Q F3(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 660 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 672 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 684 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as) -7.33 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 696 Q F0 1.465 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.966(ace. This)-.1 -F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 708 Q +7.33 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 696 Q F0 1.466 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.965(ace. This)-.1 +F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 708 Q (ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.0) -72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(60)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(60)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(xtrace)184 84 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 102 Q F13.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no) -3.053 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C -.553(he v)-3.053 F .552(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F -(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 114 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2 -(option\255name)3.571 E F0 3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set) -3.572 E F0 1.072(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F +2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 102 Q F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no) +3.052 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C +.553(he v)-3.053 F .553(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F +(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 114 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2 +(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set) +3.571 E F0 1.071(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F (option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 126 Q F1 -144 138 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +144 138 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV) --.27 E F0 1.071(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 150 R 1.501 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A -F1(CDP)184 162 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 5.603(,a)C(nd)-5.603 E F1 +-.27 E F0 1.072(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 150 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 +(CDP)184 162 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 5.603(,a)C(nd)-5.603 E F1 (GLOBIGNORE)5.603 E F0 -.25(va)5.603 G 3.103(riables, if the).25 F 5.603 (ya)-.15 G 3.103(ppear in the en)-5.603 F 3.103(vironment, are)-.4 F -2.617(ignored. If)184 174 R .117(the shell is started with the ef)2.617 -F(fecti)-.25 E .418 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .118 +2.618(ignored. If)184 174 R .118(the shell is started with the ef)2.618 +F(fecti)-.25 E .418 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .117 (ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user).15 F 1.018 (\(group\) id, and the)184 186 R F13.518 E F0 1.018 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)3.518 F 1.018 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .286 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .287 (user id is set to the real user id.)184 198 R .286(If the)5.286 F F1 -2.786 E F0 .287(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.786 F -(fecti)-.25 E .587 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser).15 E .103(id is not reset.)184 -210 R -.45(Tu)5.103 G .102(rning this option of).45 F 2.602(fc)-.25 G -.102(auses the ef)-2.602 F(fecti)-.25 E .402 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .102 +2.786 E F0 .286(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.786 F +(fecti)-.25 E .586 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser).15 E .102(id is not reset.)184 +210 R -.45(Tu)5.102 G .102(rning this option of).45 F 2.602(fc)-.25 G +.102(auses the ef)-2.602 F(fecti)-.25 E .402 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .103 (ser and group ids to be set to).15 F(the real user and group ids.)184 222 Q F1144 234 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 246 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .444 +G(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 246 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .445 (eat unset v).35 F .444 (ariables as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 F 2.944 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.945 G .445(pansion is).15 F .52 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.944 G .444(pansion is).15 F .519 (attempted on an unset v)184 258 R .519 (ariable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E -.15(ex)184 270 S(its with a non-zero status.) @@ -7172,37 +7177,37 @@ F -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E -.15(ex)184 270 S(its with a non-zero status.) -.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 294 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 (xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) 2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E -F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 306 R F1 +F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 306 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236 (xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo) 3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 318 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -144 330 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 +144 330 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 342 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1144 354 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E -F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 342 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1144 354 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E +F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 366 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F +3.054(tors. This)184 366 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) .15 F(tor)184 378 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 390 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on) --2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 402 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 414 Q F1 -144 426 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 -(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 438 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 450 Q F0 1.164 +144 390 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on) +-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 +F .839(mands e)184 402 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 414 Q F1 +144 426 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 438 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 450 Q F0 1.165 (If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.164 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821 (that change the current w)184 462 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 474 R(def)2.685 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 474 R(def)2.686 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F (mands which change the current directory)184 486 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 @@ -7213,43 +7218,43 @@ E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 522 Q F0 (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 534 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 546 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 546 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 -558 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2 -(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G -1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 570 R -F13.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B +558 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2 +(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G +1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 570 R +F13.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B (parameters remain unchanged.)184 582 Q .425(The options are of)144 598.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 610.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 +(to be turned of)144 610.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 (current set of options may be found in)144 622.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F (is encountered.)144 634.8 Q F1(shift)108 651.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 663.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 675.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 663.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 675.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 687.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 699.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 699.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 +.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 711.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(61)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2009 May 26)147.345 E(61)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7262,102 +7267,102 @@ E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 96 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222(alues of v) 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F12.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an \ indication of whether or not each is set.)144 108 R(The)144 120 Q F1 -2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displayed in a form th\ -at may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options)5.327 F(ha)144 132 +2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displayed in a form th\ +at may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options)5.328 F(ha)144 132 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 144 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 156 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 144 168 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return s\ -tatus indicates whether the)24.74 F F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E -.256(set or unset.)180 180 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E -F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G -(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 192 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0 +tatus indicates whether the)24.74 F F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E +.255(set or unset.)180 180 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E +F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F12.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 +(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 192 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0 (are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1144 204 Q F0 (Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127(If either)144 220.8 R F1 -2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F12.627 E F0 .127(is used with no) +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .128(If either)144 220.8 R F1 +2.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F12.628 E F0 .127(is used with no) 2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127 -(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024 -(are set or unset, respecti)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024 -(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0 -1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 244.8 Q(ault.) +(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.023 +(are set or unset, respecti)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.023 +(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.023 F F1(shopt)3.524 E F0 +1.024(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 244.8 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -261.6 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.045 F .696 +261.6 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 273.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 +144 273.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 (alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 285.6 Q(The list of)144 302.4 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 320.4 Q F0 .199 +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 320.4 Q F0 .2 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment to the)184 332.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 344.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 356.4 R .156 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 +F1(cdable_v)144 344.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 356.4 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F (name of a v)184 368.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 380.4 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) -10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 392.4 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 404.4 R 4.352 -.65 +10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 392.4 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 404.4 R 4.352 -.65 (y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 (orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F (the command proceeds.)184 416.4 Q (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 428.4 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 440.4 R F1(bash)4.58 -E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079 -(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 452.4 S(cute it.).15 E +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 428.4 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 440.4 R F1(bash) +4.579 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F +2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 452.4 S(cute it.).15 E (If a hashed command no longer e)5 E (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 464.4 -Q F0 .448(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 -(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 488.4 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 1.456 +Q F0 .449(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 +(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 488.4 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 1.456 (attempted without an interv)184 500.4 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15 F F1 1.456(JOB CONTR)3.956 F(OL)-.3 E F0(abo)3.956 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.956(\). The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(al)184 512.4 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G (ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) --2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 524.4 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 536.4 R F1(bash) -3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G .796 -(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G .796 -(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 548.4 S(lues of).25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 524.4 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 536.4 R F1(bash) +3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G .797 +(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G .797 +(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 548.4 S(lues of).25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 560.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 (attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 572.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 584.4 -Q F0 .42(If set,)184 596.4 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 -F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 +Q F0 .419(If set,)184 596.4 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha) +2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42 (ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E (to the conditional command')184 608.4 Q 2.5(s=)-.55 G 2.5(~o)-2.5 G -(perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(dirspell)144 620.4 Q F0 .858(If set,)7.77 F -F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 +(perator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(dirspell)144 620.4 Q F0 .859(If set,)7.77 F +F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F (the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 632.4 Q(xist.)-.15 E F1(dotglob)144 644.4 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 656.4 Q F0 1.386 -(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 656.4 Q F0 1.387 +(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 (hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 668.4 Q +1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 668.4 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 680.4 Q -F0 .717(If set, aliases are e)184 692.4 R .717(xpanded as described abo) +F0 .716(If set, aliases are e)184 692.4 R .717(xpanded as described abo) -.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(ALIASES)3.217 E F4(.)A F0 -.716(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 704.4 Q +.717(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 704.4 Q (ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0) -72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(62)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(62)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7365,31 +7370,31 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)144 84 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha) 184 96 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1 -(1.)184 108 Q F0(The)28.5 E F14.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F -F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 +(1.)184 108 Q F0(The)28.5 E F14.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 +F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 (iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F (number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 120 Q (gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 132 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 144 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 156 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 156 Q F0 .841 +(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 (exe)220 168 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 (sour)220 180 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1 26(4. B)184 -192 R(ASH_ARGC)-.3 E F0(and)3.775 E F1 -.3(BA)3.775 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 -1.276(are updated as described in their descrip-)3.775 F(tions abo)220 +192 R(ASH_ARGC)-.3 E F0(and)3.776 E F1 -.3(BA)3.776 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 +1.275(are updated as described in their descrip-)3.776 F(tions abo)220 204 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 216 Q F0 1.359 (Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359 (command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220 228 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1 (DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.) -184 240 Q F0 .804(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .805 -(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.804 F(in)220 252 +184 240 Q F0 .805(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .804 +(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.805 F(in)220 252 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F2 (command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E(OR)-.3 E F0 (trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 264 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 @@ -7401,48 +7406,48 @@ E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G (pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 312 Q (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 324 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 +1.424(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 (xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 336 S(pansion error).15 E(.) -.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 348 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 .585(If set, the suf)184 360 R<8c78>-.25 E .585(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F1(FIGNORE)3.085 E F0 .585(shell v)3.085 F .585(ariable cause w) -.25 F .585(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 372 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 -(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.329 -(pletions. See)184 384 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .829(SHELL V)3.329 F -(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)3.079 E 1.129 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .83 -(or a description of).15 F F1(FIGNORE)3.33 E F0 5.83(.T)C .83 -(his option)-5.83 F(is enabled by def)184 396 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globstar) -144 408 Q F0 .44(If set, the pattern)5 F F1(**)2.94 E F0 .44 -(used in a \214lename e)2.94 F .439(xpansion conte)-.15 F .439 -(xt will match a \214les and zero or)-.15 F 1.297 +(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.33 +(pletions. See)184 384 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .83(SHELL V)3.33 F +(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)3.08 E 1.13 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .829 +(or a description of).15 F F1(FIGNORE)3.329 E F0 5.829(.T)C .829 +(his option)-5.829 F(is enabled by def)184 396 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(globstar)144 408 Q F0 .178(If set, the pattern)5 F F1(**)2.678 E F0 +.178(used in a pathname e)2.678 F .178(xpansion conte)-.15 F .179 +(xt will match a \214les and zero or)-.15 F 1.298 (more directories and subdirectories.)184 420 R 1.298 -(If the pattern is follo)6.297 F 1.298(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.798 E F0 -3.798(,o)C 1.298(nly directories)-3.798 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +(If the pattern is follo)6.298 F 1.298(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.797 E F0 +3.797(,o)C 1.297(nly directories)-3.797 F(and subdirectories match.)184 432 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 444 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 456 Q F1(histappend)144 -468 Q F0 .384 +468 Q F0 .383 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -480 R .383(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE)2.883 E F0 -.25(va)2.883 G +480 R .384(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE)2.884 E F0 -.25(va)2.884 G (ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 492 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 504 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .575(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 528 Q F1(histv)144 540 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +E F0 .576(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 528 Q F1(histv)144 540 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 (If set, and)184 552 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 564 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 576 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 564 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 576 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 588 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 600 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -612 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 624 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(hostcomplete)144 588 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 600 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 +612 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E +F3(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 624 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F (is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 636 Q F0(If set,) 184 648 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) @@ -7452,13 +7457,13 @@ F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 624 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 (that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 684 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 696 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 708 Q F0 .655(If set, and the)15.55 F F1 -(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) -3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history) --3.154 F(with embedded ne)184 720 Q +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 696 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 708 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F F1 +(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) +3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history) +-3.155 F(with embedded ne)184 720 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(63)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(63)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 64 64 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7466,43 +7471,43 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) -.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(login_shell)144 84 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) -2.737 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 108 S -(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 120 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815 -(If set, and a \214le that)184 132 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) +2.736 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 108 S +(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 120 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814 +(If set, and a \214le that)184 132 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F -.1(wa)184 144 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 (has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 -(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 156 Q F0 .145(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.645 G(adline).18 E F0 .145(is being used,)2.645 F F1(bash)2.646 E -F0 .146(will not attempt to search the)2.646 F F1 -.74(PA)2.646 G(TH) --.21 E F0 .146(for possible)2.646 F +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 156 Q F0 .146(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.646 G(adline).18 E F0 .146(is being used,)2.646 F F1(bash)2.646 E +F0 .145(will not attempt to search the)2.646 F F1 -.74(PA)2.645 G(TH) +-.21 E F0 .145(for possible)2.645 F (completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 180 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 192 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 216 S +(nocaseglob)144 192 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 216 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 228 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -240 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 228 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +240 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F(while e)184 252 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 264 Q F0 -.855(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855 -(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854 -(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354(\)t).15 G(o) --3.354 E -.15(ex)184 288 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) -.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 300 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676 +.854(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 +(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855 +(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o) +-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 288 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) +.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 300 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 (If set, the programmable completion f)184 312 R .677(acilities \(see) --.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E +-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 324 Q (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 336 Q(omptv) --.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)184 348 R 1.448 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) --.15 F -.15(ex)184 360 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 348 R 1.448 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 360 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) --.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 -E(This option is enabled by def)184 372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 384 +-.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 384 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) 184 396 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 408 Q 4.178 @@ -7510,39 +7515,39 @@ S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) 184 420 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 432 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 444 R F1 -(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 +F1(shift_v)144 432 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 444 R F1 +(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 (xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 456 Q F1(sour) -144 468 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 480 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) --.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F -.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 492 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 504 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 516 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E -(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 540 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 552 R F1 -2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 564 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 +144 468 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 480 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 492 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 504 Q F0(If set, the)184 516 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 +E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A 1.001 +(Suspend the e)144 540 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 +(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G +F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) +3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 552 R F12.523 E F0 .023 +(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) +5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 564 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1 2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1(test)108 576 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 588 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G (pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G -(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.187 +(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.188 (operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 600 R 3.688 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.188(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F -1.89(described abo)144 612 R 2.19 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)4.39 E 1.89(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)6.39 E F0 1.889(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.389(yo)-.15 G 1.889 -(ptions, nor)-4.389 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 624 Q +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.187(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F +1.889(described abo)144 612 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)4.389 E 1.889(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)6.389 E F0 1.89(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.39(yo)-.15 G 1.89 +(ptions, nor)-4.39 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 624 Q (gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 642 R .786 +E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 642 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5 (dence. The)144 654 R -.25(eva)2.5 G (luation depends on the number of ar).25 E(guments; see belo)-.18 E -.65 @@ -7555,7 +7560,7 @@ F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26 144 702 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 (Tr)180 714 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q -(2009 March 4)145.96 E(64)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +(2009 May 26)147.345 E(64)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -7574,38 +7579,38 @@ F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E E 2.5(2a)144 178.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) 180 190.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 202.8 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 -214.8 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 202.8 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 +214.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 (the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 226.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E (xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 238.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .024(If the second ar)180 250.8 R .023 +(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 250.8 R .023 (gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F -.323 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CON-)2.523 E(DITION)180 262.8 Q -1.477(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F +.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 262.8 Q +1.478(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F 1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513 (using the \214rst and third ar)180 274.8 R .513(guments as operands.) -.18 F(The)5.513 E F23.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F23.013 E F0 -.512(operators are considered)3.013 F .972 +.513(operators are considered)3.013 F .972 (binary operators when there are three ar)180 286.8 R 3.472(guments. If) -.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.472 E F0 -3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .884(the ne)180 298.8 -R -.05(ga)-.15 G .884(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 -(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.383(guments. If)-.18 -F .883(the \214rst)3.383 F(ar)180 310.8 Q .874(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.374 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.374 F .875 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))3.375 E F0 3.375(,t)C .875 -(he result is the one-ar)-3.375 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar) +3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 298.8 +R -.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 +(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.384(guments. If)-.18 +F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 310.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F +(xactly)-.15 E F2(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874 +(he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar) 180 322.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f) --.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 334.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385 -(If the \214rst ar)180 346.8 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.885 E F0 -2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384 -(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-) --.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 358.8 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 +-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 334.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384 +(If the \214rst ar)180 346.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)2.884 E F0 +2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385 +(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-) +-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 358.8 R 4.147 +(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E (according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 370.8 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 382.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments) @@ -7616,393 +7621,395 @@ F .883(the \214rst)3.383 F(ar)180 310.8 Q .874(gument is e)-.18 F accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run f\ rom the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 435.6 Q F2(trap)108 452.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 464.4 R F1(ar) -3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F1(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F1 -(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) +(])A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command)144 464.4 R F1(ar) +3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F1(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F1 +(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) 144 476.4 R F1(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F23.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 488.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +.658(\(the v)144 488.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F1(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F1(sigspec) -144.34 500.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F23.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 +144.34 500.4 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F1(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F23.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 (been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 512.4 R -F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 +F1(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 524.4 R F23.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F2(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 (signal. The)144 536.4 R F22.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 548.4 R F1(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.811 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E .745 -(names are case insensiti)144 560.4 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745 -(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 F .745(If a)5.745 F F1(sigspec) -3.585 E F0(is)3.555 E F3(EXIT)3.245 E F0 .745(\(0\) the command)2.995 F -F1(ar)144.33 572.4 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)4.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.629 -(cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.)-.15 F 1.63(If a)6.63 F F1 -(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.63 -(the command)3.88 F F1(ar)4.46 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35 F -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.207(before e)144 584.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 -1.207(simple command)3.707 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.707 E F0(command,)3.706 E -F1(case)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E F1(select)3.706 E F0 1.206 -(command, e)3.706 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.206(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)144 -596.4 Q F0 .412(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.912 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .412(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .413 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0(abo)144 608.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.666 -(\). Refer).15 F .166(to the description of the)2.666 F F2(extdeb)2.666 -E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166(option to the)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.666 G .166(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .508(on the) -144 620.4 R F2(DEB)3.008 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.008(trap. If)3.008 F(a)3.008 E -F1(sigspec)3.348 E F0(is)3.318 E F3(ERR)3.008 E F4(,)A F0 .508 -(the command)2.758 F F1(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .509(is e)3.228 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .509(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.009(ras).15 G .509 -(imple com-)-3.009 F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 632.4 R 2.506 -(xit status, subject to the follo)-.15 F 2.506(wing conditions.)-.25 F -(The)7.506 E F3(ERR)5.006 E F0 2.506(trap is not)4.756 F -.15(exe)144 -644.4 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105 -(ailed command is part of the command list immediately follo)-.1 F .105 -(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)2.605 E F0(or)2.605 E F2(until)2.605 E F0 -.1 -(ke)144 656.4 S(yw)-.05 E .549(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if) -3.059 E F0 .549(statement, part of a command e)5.009 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.549(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.049 E F0(or)3.049 E/F5 10/Symbol SF -3.049 E F0 .549(list, or if)3.049 F .577(the command')144 668.4 R 3.077 -(sr)-.55 G .577(eturn v)-3.077 F .577(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.4 G .577(rted via).15 F F2(!)3.077 E F0 5.578(.T)C .578 -(hese are the same conditions obe)-5.578 F .578(yed by the)-.15 F F2 -(err)144 680.4 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 3.031(option. If)3.031 F(a)3.031 E F1 -(sigspec)3.371 E F0(is)3.341 E F3(RETURN)3.031 E F4(,)A F0 .531 -(the command)2.781 F F1(ar)3.361 E(g)-.37 E F0 .531(is e)3.251 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .53(cuted each time a shell function).15 F .316 -(or a script e)144 692.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .317(cuted with the).15 F F2 -(.)2.817 E F0(or)2.817 E F2(sour)2.817 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.817 G -.317(iltins \214nishes e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.817(cuting. Signals).15 F -.317(ignored upon entry to)2.817 F .787 -(the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 704.4 R -.35(Tr)5.787 G .787 -(apped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their).35 F 1.1 -(original v)144 716.4 R 1.1 -(alues in a child process when it is created.)-.25 F 1.1 -(The return status is f)6.1 F 1.1(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec) -3.94 E F0(is)3.91 E(in)144 728.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F2 -(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4) -145.96 E(65)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 548.4 R F1(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F1(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +(names are case insensiti)144 560.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 E 1.648(If a)144 578.4 R F1 +(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 +(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F1(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +1.649(If a)6.649 F F1(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 590.4 Q +(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F1(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ry).15 E F1 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F1(for)3.667 E F0 +(command,)3.667 E F1(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 602.4 Q F1 +(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.646 E F0 .147 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 +(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 614.4 R F3 .146 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F2(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 626.4 Q F2(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)3.2 E(UG) +-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F1(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 +(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 638.4 Q F1(ar) +3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.643(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F2(sour)3.143 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 650.4 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 668.4 R F1(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is) +3.738 E F3(ERR)3.429 E F4(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F1(ar)3.759 E +(g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero) +-3.429 F -.15(ex)144 680.4 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F +1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F3(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009 +(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008 +(ailed com-)-.1 F .324 +(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 692.4 R .324 +(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F2(until)2.824 E F0 -.1 +(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F 1.129(in an)144 +704.4 R F1(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.129(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.629 E F0(or)3.629 E/F5 10 +/Symbol SF3.629 E F0 1.129(list, or if the command')3.629 F 3.628 +(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 716.4 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15 +(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F2(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C +(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F2(err)2.5 E +(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 +E(65)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(type)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0 -(])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 -E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G -(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F1144 108 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 120 Q F0 .087 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 -(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 132 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F12.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 144 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -156 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 -(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 -3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 -(PA)3.141 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 168 R F2(name)2.613 E -F0 2.613(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 -(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2 -(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112 -(command is hashed,)-.001 F F12.612 E F0(and)144 180 Q F1 -2.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v)2.944 F .444 +-.35 E 1.095 +(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 +84 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 96 R .662 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 108 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 +E(y)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)2.5 E F0 +(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(]) +A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 136.8 S +.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1 +(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F +F2144 148.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 160.8 Q F0 .086 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 +(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 172.8 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F +F22.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 184.8 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) +144 196.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 +G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E +F23.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 +(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 208.8 R F1(name)2.612 +E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 +(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1 +(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113 +(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F22.613 E F0(and)144 220.8 Q F2 +2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F .444 (alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4 --.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .445(If the) -4.945 F F12.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 192 R F1 +-.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .444(If the) +4.944 F F22.944 E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 232.8 R F2 (type)2.765 E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 -G .265(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426 -(and functions, if and only if the)144 204 R F12.926 E F0 .426 -(option is not also used.)2.926 F .427 -(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549(consulted when using) -144 216 R F13.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he)-5.549 E F13.049 E F0 -.548(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F1 -(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 228 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 +-.15(xe)-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F1(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 +G .265(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427 +(and functions, if and only if the)144 244.8 R F22.926 E F0 .426 +(option is not also used.)2.926 F .426 +(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548(consulted when using) +144 256.8 R F23.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)-5.548 E F23.048 E F0 +.549(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F2 +(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 268.8 S(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5 E F0 (returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E -(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 244.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 256.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F2(ulimit)108 285.6 +Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 297.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 268.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 +.943(that allo)144 309.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F23.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F23.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 321.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 292.8 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F12.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F12.925 E F0 .425 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -304.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 333.6 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F22.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F22.926 E F0 .426 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +345.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 316.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.741(of the special v)144 357.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F2 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 340.8 R F12.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 381.6 R F22.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 352.8 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -144 364.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1144 -376.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E -F1144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E -F1144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd) --.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 412.8 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1144 424.8 Q +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 393.6 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 +144 405.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2144 +417.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E +F2144 429.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E +F2144 441.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd) +-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2144 453.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2144 465.6 Q F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children) -26.97 E F1144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) -27.52 E F1144 448.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E -(ed into memory)-.1 E F1144 460.8 Q F0 +26.97 E F2144 477.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) +27.52 E F2144 489.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E +(ed into memory)-.1 E F2144 501.6 Q F0 (The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1144 472.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2144 513.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 484.8 Q F1144 496.8 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 -144 508.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F1144 -520.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1144 -532.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1144 544.8 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1144 556.8 Q +24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 +525.6 Q F2144 537.6 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2 +144 549.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F2144 +561.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F2144 +573.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2144 585.6 Q F0 +(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 568.8 Q F0 +(ilable to a single user).25 E F2144 609.6 Q F0 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to the shell).25 E F1144 580.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1144 592.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 609.6 Q F2(limit)2.933 E +(ilable to the shell).25 E F2144 621.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F2144 633.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 650.4 Q F1(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843 -(wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1 +(wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F2 2.843 E F0 .343(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F -.175(option is gi)144 621.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1 -2.675 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 633.6 -Q F12.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F12.516 E F0(,) -A F12.515 E F0(,)A F12.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1 -2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E -3.787(ues. The)144 645.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F +.176(option is gi)144 662.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F2 +2.676 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F2 +2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 674.4 +Q F22.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.515 F F22.516 E F0(,) +A F22.516 E F0(,)A F22.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F2 +2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E +3.788(ues. The)144 686.4 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144 -657.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2 -(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 686.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 -5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 -(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ -therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 698.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -710.4 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 -(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 -(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 722.4 R .547 -(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F -(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(66)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +698.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26) +147.345 E(66)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 84 Q F0 .552 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 96 Q -(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach) -.15 E F1(name)4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 -F(If)6.655 E F24.155 E F0 1.655 -(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 136.8 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E -(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 153.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 165.6 S 3.107 -(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F1(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E -.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607 -(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the) -5.607 F F2144 177.6 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.304(n, each).15 F F1(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F -2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305 -(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F2144 189.6 Q F0 .46 -(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F1(name)3.32 E F0 .459 -(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 201.6 R .902 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(umask)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)-2.5 E F0 +(])A .2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 96 R F2(mode)2.7 E +F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ +therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ +pted by)144 108 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +120 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 +(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 132 R .547 +(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G +(he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 +(mode)144.38 144 Q F0 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 156 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 +(unalias)108 172.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 184.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E +F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 +F(remo)144 196.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 213.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 225.6 S 3.106 +(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F2(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E +.906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607 +(ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the) +5.607 F F1144 237.6 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.305(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F +2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304 +(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1144 249.6 Q F0 .459 +(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F2(name)3.319 E F0 .459 +(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 261.6 R .903 (ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902 -(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F -(If)5.903 E(an)144 213.6 Q 4.285(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.285 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(RANDOM)4.285 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3 +(rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F +(If)5.902 E(an)144 273.6 Q 4.284(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.284 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(RANDOM)4.284 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3 (LINENO)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)4.035 E(AME) -.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.035 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.035 E F3(DIRST) -4.284 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.034 E .328(unset, the)144 -225.6 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.828 F +4.285 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.035 E .329(unset, the)144 +285.6 R 2.829(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.829 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)-2.828 G(he)-2.828 E 2.828(ya) --.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .329 -(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 237.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0 -(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 2.5(n.)C -(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 266.4 S .288 +-.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .328 +(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 297.6 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C +(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 326.4 S .288 (it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F -(Each)5.288 E F1(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 -(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 278.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 +(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722 (ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E -F1(n)3.583 E F0(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 290.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266 -(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 -(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F1(n)4.125 E F0 .456 -(speci\214es a non-e)144 302.4 R .457 +F2(n)3.582 E F0(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265 +(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 +(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F2(n)4.126 E F0 .457 +(speci\214es a non-e)144 362.4 R .457 (xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457 -(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 314.4 S +(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 374.4 S (it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E -/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 331.2 Q F0(If)108 343.2 Q -F2(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F2(rbash)4.397 -E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F24.397 E F0 1.896 -(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 355.2 R .945 -(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946 -(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E -(beha)108 367.2 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F2 +/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 391.2 Q F0(If)108 403.2 Q +F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F1(rbash)4.397 +E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 E F0 1.897 +(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 415.2 R .945 +(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945 +(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E +(beha)108 427.2 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E -(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108 384 -S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 400.8 S -(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(SHELL)2.5 E F0(,)A -F2 -.74(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.21 E F0(,)A F2(ENV)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2 --.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).3 E F0 32.5<8373>108 417.6 S -(pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 -434.4 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0 -(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F2(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G -(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8353>108 451.2 S .351 +(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108 444 +S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 460.8 S +(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F1(SHELL)2.5 E F0(,)A +F1 -.74(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.21 E F0(,)A F1(ENV)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 +-.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).3 E F0 32.5<8373>108 477.6 S +(pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 +494.4 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0 +(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G +(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8353>108 511.2 S .351 (pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .351 -(gument to the)-.18 F F22.851 E F0 .351(option to the)2.851 F F2 -(hash)2.851 E F0 -.2(bu)2.851 G .351(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 463.2 Q -32.5<8369>108 480 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en) --32.5 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 496.8 S(arsing the v) --32.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.5 E -(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8372>108 513.6 S(edirecting output usi\ +(gument to the)-.18 F F12.851 E F0 .351(option to the)2.851 F F1 +(hash)2.852 E F0 -.2(bu)2.852 G .352(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 523.2 Q +32.5<8369>108 540 S(mporting function de\214nitions from the shell en) +-32.5 E(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8370>108 556.8 S(arsing the v) +-32.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.5 E +(vironment at startup)-.4 E 32.5<8372>108 573.6 S(edirecting output usi\ ng the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)-32.5 E 32.5 -<8375>108 530.4 S(sing the)-32.5 E F2(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +<8375>108 590.4 S(sing the)-32.5 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E 32.5<8361> -108 547.2 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E -F22.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F22.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2 -(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8355>108 564 S -(sing the)-32.5 E F2(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +108 607.2 S(dding or deleting b)-32.5 E(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E +F12.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8355>108 624 S +(sing the)-32.5 E F1(enable)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E 32.5<8373> -108 580.8 S(pecifying the)-32.5 E F22.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E -F2(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8374>108 597.6 -S(urning of)-32.5 E 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F2(set +r) -2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(set +o r)2.5 E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A -(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 614.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +108 640.8 S(pecifying the)-32.5 E F12.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E +F1(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8374>108 657.6 +S(urning of)-32.5 E 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F1(set +r) +2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(set +o r)2.5 E(estricted)-.18 E F0(.)A +(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 674.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G (tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E 1.566 -(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 631.2 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.567(cuted \(see).15 F F3 1.567(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.067 F F0 -(abo)3.817 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F2(rbash)108 643.2 Q F0(turns of) +(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 691.2 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.566(cuted \(see).15 F F3 1.566(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.066 F F0 +(abo)3.816 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1(rbash)108 703.2 Q F0(turns of) 2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H(estrictions in the shell spa).15 -E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E F5(SEE ALSO)72 -660 Q F1(Bash Refer)108 672 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 -E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F1(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 684 Q -(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E -F1(The Gnu History Libr)108 696 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E -(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4) -145.96 E(67)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 +768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E(67)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 68 68 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.8(Po)108 84 S(rtable Oper).8 E +-.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(Bash Refer)108 96 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E +(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F2(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 108 Q +(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E +F2(The Gnu History Libr)108 120 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E +(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F2 -.8(Po)108 132 S(rtable Oper).8 E (ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E(art 2: Shell and Utilities) --.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE)-2.5 E F1(sh)108 96 Q F0(\(1\),)A F1(ksh)2.5 E F0 -(\(1\),)A F1(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F1(emacs)108 108 Q F0(\(1\),)A F1(vi) -2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F1 -.37(re)108 120 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FILES)72 136.8 Q F1(/bin/bash)109.666 148.8 Q F0(The) -144 160.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable) -.15 E F1(/etc/pr)109.666 172.8 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 -(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 184.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted for login shells).15 E F1(~/.bash_pr)109.666 196.8 Q(o\214le)-.45 -E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 208.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted for login shells).15 E F1(~/.bashr)109.666 220.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(The indi)144 232.8 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(-shell startup \214le).15 E F1(~/.bash_lo)109.666 244.8 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 -(The indi)144 256.8 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F1(~/.inputr) -109.666 268.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 280.8 Q(vidual)-.25 E F1 -.37(re) -2.5 G(adline).37 E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F2 -.548(AU)72 297.6 S -(THORS).548 E F0(Brian F)108 309.6 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E -(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 321.6 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 338.4 Q +-.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE)-2.5 E F2(sh)108 144 Q F0(\(1\),)A F2(ksh)2.5 E F0 +(\(1\),)A F2(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F2(emacs)108 156 Q F0(\(1\),)A F2(vi) +2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F2 -.37(re)108 168 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F1(FILES) +72 184.8 Q F2(/bin/bash)109.666 196.8 Q F0(The)144 208.8 Q/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E F2(/etc/pr) +109.666 220.8 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 +(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 232.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F2(~/.bash_pr)109.666 244.8 Q(o\214le)-.45 +E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 256.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F2(~/.bashr)109.666 268.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(The indi)144 280.8 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(-shell startup \214le).15 E F2(~/.bash_lo)109.666 292.8 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 +(The indi)144 304.8 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F2(~/.inputr) +109.666 316.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 328.8 Q(vidual)-.25 E F2 -.37(re) +2.5 G(adline).37 E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F1 -.548(AU)72 345.6 S +(THORS).548 E F0(Brian F)108 357.6 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E +(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 369.6 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 386.4 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni) --2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 350.4 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 -E F2 -.11(BU)72 367.2 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568 -(If you \214nd a b)108 379.2 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F3(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 +-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 398.4 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 +E F1 -.11(BU)72 415.2 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567 +(If you \214nd a b)108 427.2 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F3(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 (you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F -3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 -F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 391.2 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 -F F3(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 -(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626 -(ilable from).25 F F1(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 403.2 Q(g/pub/bash/)-.37 E F0 -(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 420 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 -(etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) --.15 F F1(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 -(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 432 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) --.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 -(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F -(be mailed to)108 444 Q F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 +3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .568(ug, and)-.2 +F 5.626(that it appears in the latest v)108 439.2 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 +F F3(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.625 +(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.625(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.625 +(ilable from).25 F F2(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 451.2 Q(g/pub/bash/)-.37 E F0 +(.)A .41(Once you ha)108 468 R .71 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .41 +(etermined that a b).15 F .41(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) +-.15 F F2(bashb)3.181 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .411(command to submit a b)3.131 F +.411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E .595(you ha)108 480 R .895 -.15 +(ve a \214)-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F +.594(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .594(ug reports may)-.2 F +(be mailed to)108 492 Q F2 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 (or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F3(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) --.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 460.8 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) -108 477.6 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 489.6 -Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 501.6 -Q 2.5(Ad)108 513.6 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 -E 2.5(As)108 525.6 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F1(bashb)108.27 542.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 508.8 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) +108 525.6 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 537.6 +Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 549.6 +Q 2.5(Ad)108 561.6 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 +E 2.5(As)108 573.6 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F2(bashb)108.27 590.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 -559.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 -E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 576 S -(GS).11 E F0(It')108 588 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65 -(w.)-.25 G 1.869(There are some subtle dif)108 604.8 R 1.869 +607.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 +E F2 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E F1 -.11(BU)72 624 S +(GS).11 E F0(It')108 636 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65 +(w.)-.25 G 1.868(There are some subtle dif)108 652.8 R 1.868 (ferences between)-.25 F F3(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v) -4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868 -(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 616.8 Q F0 -(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 633.6 Q -(Shell b)108 650.4 Q +4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869 +(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 664.8 Q F0 +(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 681.6 Q +(Shell b)108 698.4 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 667.2 R .39 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 679.2 R .389 -(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 -(mand in the sequence.)108 691.2 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ -place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) --.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 703.2 Q(Array v)108 -720 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0) -72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E(68)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +re not handled gracefully when)108 715.2 R 2.063 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 727.2 R 2.064 +(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)7.063 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 2.064(cutes the ne).15 F(xt)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26) +147.345 E(68)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 69 69 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(There may be only one acti)108 84 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 March 4)145.96 E -(69)195.95 E 0 Cg EP +-.35 E .703(command in the sequence.)108 84 R .703(It suf)5.703 F .702(\ +\214ces to place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force \ +it)-.25 F(into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 96 Q +(Array v)108 112.8 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 +E(There may be only one acti)108 129.6 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2009 May 26)147.345 E +(69)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux index 9d4dfbafc..50624bfeb 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.aux +++ b/doc/bashref.aux @@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ @xrdef{Special Parameters-pg}{16} @xrdef{Shell Expansions-title}{Shell Expansions} @xrdef{Shell Expansions-snt}{Section@tie 3.5} +@xrdef{Shell Expansions-pg}{17} @xrdef{Brace Expansion-title}{Brace Expansion} @xrdef{Brace Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.1} -@xrdef{Shell Expansions-pg}{17} @xrdef{Tilde Expansion-title}{Tilde Expansion} @xrdef{Tilde Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.2} @xrdef{Brace Expansion-pg}{18} @@ -93,18 +93,18 @@ @xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-pg}{19} @xrdef{Command Substitution-title}{Command Substitution} @xrdef{Command Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.4} +@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{22} @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-title}{Arithmetic Expansion} @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.5} -@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{22} @xrdef{Process Substitution-title}{Process Substitution} @xrdef{Process Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.6} @xrdef{Word Splitting-title}{Word Splitting} @xrdef{Word Splitting-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.7} -@xrdef{Filename Expansion-title}{Filename Expansion} -@xrdef{Filename Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8} @xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{23} @xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{23} @xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{23} +@xrdef{Filename Expansion-title}{Filename Expansion} +@xrdef{Filename Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8} @xrdef{Pattern Matching-title}{Pattern Matching} @xrdef{Pattern Matching-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8.1} @xrdef{Filename Expansion-pg}{24} @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ @xrdef{Redirections-title}{Redirections} @xrdef{Redirections-snt}{Section@tie 3.6} @xrdef{Quote Removal-pg}{25} -@xrdef{Redirections-pg}{25} +@xrdef{Redirections-pg}{26} @xrdef{Executing Commands-title}{Executing Commands} @xrdef{Executing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 3.7} @xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-title}{Simple Command Expansion} @@ -129,15 +129,15 @@ @xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{30} @xrdef{Environment-title}{Environment} @xrdef{Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.4} +@xrdef{Environment-pg}{31} @xrdef{Exit Status-title}{Exit Status} @xrdef{Exit Status-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.5} -@xrdef{Environment-pg}{31} -@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{31} @xrdef{Signals-title}{Signals} @xrdef{Signals-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.6} +@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{32} +@xrdef{Signals-pg}{32} @xrdef{Shell Scripts-title}{Shell Scripts} @xrdef{Shell Scripts-snt}{Section@tie 3.8} -@xrdef{Signals-pg}{32} @xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{33} @xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-title}{Shell Builtin Commands} @xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-snt}{Chapter@tie 4} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bt b/doc/bashref.bt index 0a2cb0000..9b0a1b375 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bt +++ b/doc/bashref.bt @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ \entry{caller}{43}{\code {caller}} \entry{command}{43}{\code {command}} \entry{declare}{43}{\code {declare}} -\entry{echo}{44}{\code {echo}} +\entry{echo}{45}{\code {echo}} \entry{enable}{45}{\code {enable}} \entry{help}{46}{\code {help}} \entry{let}{46}{\code {let}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.bts b/doc/bashref.bts index 38ed0baa5..7cc1095a5 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.bts +++ b/doc/bashref.bts @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ \entry {\code {dirs}}{81} \entry {\code {disown}}{89} \initial {E} -\entry {\code {echo}}{44} +\entry {\code {echo}}{45} \entry {\code {enable}}{45} \entry {\code {eval}}{36} \entry {\code {exec}}{36} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cp b/doc/bashref.cp index a509e9581..b5481c849 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cp +++ b/doc/bashref.cp @@ -62,13 +62,13 @@ \entry{pathname expansion}{24}{pathname expansion} \entry{pattern matching}{24}{pattern matching} \entry{matching, pattern}{24}{matching, pattern} -\entry{redirection}{25}{redirection} +\entry{redirection}{26}{redirection} \entry{command expansion}{29}{command expansion} \entry{command execution}{29}{command execution} \entry{command search}{29}{command search} \entry{execution environment}{30}{execution environment} \entry{environment}{31}{environment} -\entry{exit status}{31}{exit status} +\entry{exit status}{32}{exit status} \entry{signal handling}{32}{signal handling} \entry{shell script}{33}{shell script} \entry{special builtin}{59}{special builtin} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cps b/doc/bashref.cps index 912b5073a..9ce3b6c1f 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cps +++ b/doc/bashref.cps @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ \entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{78} \entry {event designators}{121} \entry {execution environment}{30} -\entry {exit status}{3, 31} +\entry {exit status}{3, 32} \entry {expansion}{17} \entry {expansion, arithmetic}{23} \entry {expansion, brace}{18} @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ \entry {quoting, ANSI}{6} \initial {R} \entry {Readline, how to use}{90} -\entry {redirection}{25} +\entry {redirection}{26} \entry {reserved word}{3} \entry {restricted shell}{84} \entry {return status}{4} diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi index e267efc6bcbcea964470d44530387f9f3e9625f5..66a2142a64cbd1ca89baa0fc9d8ea0e36f6a2afd 100644 GIT binary patch delta 8715 zc-nn=d014(@+e*1GXsJ!!|JXWqfr(?R8XT)BT)p`xEs_F1{j4IoW*_1Vq6l@@p$Qx z(TgieqBrIeZS}pYS#FHGF`Gu>!bCKQ#wFJ!(L`VMIfK{Vd*Ao?=S){s*Va|lRn3W8 z9X`6#VRd|X_vDm}o+%k=Y3~FD1rg=W%k4a`J~X^ubat@YW~muRtYla>MgCU0q@?ud zm|RwEOiNqoi8KuyRb+LRv$r=`ol0iD)n&EYl&;Asi9UAly<)S|rMOF154o6cc3JY3 zXE-E!l~(jQ!`u1&&CVi)e^Sh%XkDVW#!UC>fIO*b8Zxm5>0aaRKZAs%mzBNy&XXrk z9`pE2`aBH^K3fwvz^o$~HFL6Ngpn>a*GGTck$hXTbJ39=WLk}Te|Te(#z`tf)$qf| zjii4~-r2o`#A~3W@4pO2&X4Qzft;(!yV8hinDm-$*XD&GCjRbNLb@n(?xm8%n)mN@ zk04eRFPiFzJCtk`tBhnMkS@X>NlrEIHsp5$=`Jq6KsX~dF*}Kr6TLFgYEve1 zQ)d#bS8|nJO0H<%nS6v|B9K(4I~^a3coy?H0QYv(rA*^ zR+wB?X`Fmur6=AruwQX;IXrx9cNJM2K6v=V?3AZt$#Xdsdx00BinGX4T&!4TTk_oU zEWH-n-~Jgt)9SF>N-Q?TC3l-07R8#cBDi@DiF#SWyajGso_hLbTYlLlH8iX)jEuCH zJacg|ieqW9v#hQn1*JGGC?U^MD(Rg)J-P=k@-OF-IDTRdiCCmqZK$0U1IFvN61ex^wD;XsnP&ctH{oJEZCkIWo3dgM?a zix^#ps+T%DCVE)MRfv_mz5dLRBNY{)V4B(NF7HzxDgX6Rz<>ga!=ak*t__*nWY0aKDa`qlGZZ-Lz*C3$dH zzQvj6u&S&vb^_cHSB@I^RaG0Dkz7_KO6HLblvIiEMPxB$G9LM=H;5hjAKm*VNd&~C zEFmcbCLa(}-zG-FZ!aauWFc?8jP&EPmy+3RYvZ&uK5-eDkLgmojI1Sau2RfcLEd4s z$+qd@Nf`-KfAMgIe9J1M6Gn+^3Rwv>3h8E*laGO~T!%cr(~{@@IugtKtRurhw?u>jy7+9o%h&8&cNXvJZv+GN0QXd zWE_50Y$ikSb8a&kh}Jx}g;2t(BM$En9k!x92g+!kA&r5xtFEwf7<7#VmzKA1m~>vxj2>B-4IS#5a^#h<&NF3|(~!e(I@S-kbL zJ+${XG8nz}b3C+oWu43qi&d5hWa}2WJ4t;oR2A?6dq@^IyNXqNNQ(wzq5{Tj*NPfn zu#d#>5BHL3{LwxV!s7+`4?1S$K4QbqlYL|&?7qxj+fROl-Iql60diFyf46^;H3S1= z_a%PhAQ=I-_VVV3NQdrQqjq0b{jsoff!*$D8M&!$ioe~UVM8+Ix~@YY@cau49F}|u zDyx)%GW!t8Zd)C-`;xXdLERiT@`2nueC&XRy}bSqc>%Qw|Co#*ReZ|FWF(*bF$v}e zJ|;t8!7dT<3Heb|OWgjHmBcGk(-Bf5f1MQTkCKN3j{5lU%NT7R947|=@p2*FIDtuk!F%JRwmx=} zWD$P!G-)b2pC-Ei85o1a7#7C!uXiW1dY5x;xvX` zuaM7?Q+_>hp?yEplMg73Dch{svh8PbH*I|{y@WXh*0_C#%*Z>zl`2%Un6th#| z7myV8H4;~UAx|i6Hqp+1x=DVdk;vuLEtFFki3juZEz$-BG`fxYOUPz%?hg5i@H=-g zhf6hEC*C7QEp=-CLrOLM+TA5-n0ISW@^N>`I#wC`Syw*o9@&68hu$as@sLN{N6uBk zeV@DmRH7gLPHwZxh_$Eq%|A#hq-gw*yo<6oJR~U?n*7Y40kzps#247 zY>~xQ4qw%qeel&)K0gFn@Y~DuAv#RWzq*L+Auyjn$v*LXC`2;o`IhJr0Y;1gW63@~ z*aX91#UH|Fg0qr{yP}{gpuqQ{;66VU3rRqCXl}}ggJ@nA4JE2>B02^R5Ol}DIG7fL z*^}+>X)TcV23}y;*O~eTiKB5a9IG{N*&M7Ga(#(d+8ka($+6=r#I=^NmeAPoKEALu z+FKoybCUa8gN1+41`K>e8`wo-a!zp)50h!LrWGPD9(06nXonib82E{HfaUHEGjLa1 zct_P}?{lz0*2>cc9{fCDoQj3dLrYmQE8D|%JpG8%dOq+4n1qn(7hn+3$Z6;K-A+(| zKWcey0?d;TQJa7yNYgtBTFIC}qSumPh}>`ByOQA}{#6Pp(e|`-%NRbRGc@PUREXu9 zJ3}tNmWp07rhpsiKUvOw-Jvz#mIAS@aJgcoC;5-{{)s=?JY;~=pZnrZv+R!ivdXv? zJ9&00yuinGgDAc{73FW@*Hhsdeahl)7l@M_SBS7QhyfbcVwY&w4P2ywWVi~t*&WJ> zO2?OEK$!}Q?Ewn|u)p<$oIsAY&~g+yf6lkRsQFUQZ}f!c@Stkags~TNBW!C#_2)e6 zMd*zB{P-gDqPQ0Ez2OF>vA;gYjs4(T{LxPQ)DKEzh>srtDJZG>-(tl808nwOUV*HJ z65lc)wATnVq(~3mZ>TPc*A0YZw$->Lh8qV#bCi`h2xhZtnE?w1VlVrzK@f_;Z};FxMGa-b9et%s>qrzn3~cyWFbqhI9u&ZOLZkQl zd3h1cV_T6_L|S26w_h`L+D2v4!hi=udAv56({Pdg!3;EtdESw*m1)Hg9Y^bo!hGtUA*hXUcTu6{D$G-W{ zgvj0E>jjV*KsH?rdL55nisIZ(t)E%36inJR^Zb&4%f#{};6<0W2nymAOQ8Y}BV!qC z4230C{Ja9`u(lgFQJNvL*MdGA*4o6Yo8e{{`G*Fb`vL5W2;cDR9g@a9sk&4#;}8sr zAY~faZ>L~f7@Up~IkoTw35h#e(f?O&_(4edYU#FSZ$?l7xw)fej0`2!xVo~ab1VN zxPSwT+iB6}3XRxhS4tgLHIF3lyid&}J@HY-Xu~cA={ z8I)&tU@ux)G327%wkTgtVsd(Pmnc)c7Kbz0W4O61)10Ri$xZdh&splVUpuRUF4Os7*0@5i_K|uS!XI1 zuk3u)LF?75f!;doo5N;%txm7z3Ujf1?vRc~Nm&KutouN-qG?$nhi4DFoGtbArzmx( zlRtA@)+p?**@Tzs&5lBkuKi@KACeb=e8-&&e}L9;~}hEoK>JSF!nxW8?ewn zAhZAIfpv*Kdb3KMvM#6P*-J{~gs4hkUuM^F^L*J*+6{5ty?!~W)gehzfPo}UET;>W z`=$9l>KsuQV2~(h*J4Ya%gayKL(4@T>KrMzd;d!inCX#?>R3eLh_Pc2D&m73d&3+U z2mxAez)mLymtyv6CN_-icpl4#jI`i{>cwc14*!3r$m~RaPiY{WUE#OPcI8{9x(j`9 zc6neFR{|UT&LRXTe1(@b*%BBH%K?+TU=&qF&<}ug0A*j zLeW;m9(XBG{pwYR>tv5^E*^rn;Sg49r~B3>^>non9S@dXdoS=Jf#L#Ym(%d;3$%l% z{hK7`w|<6}jhjQ^p*q~59q znIlI^@nV;BK!d+Ep<9O|g_jS%2GPB}GEGWKi=Wa2q^hI;pqI>w&2CGQw~-op9yX|t zcB^5?mhRy*ZnLOG1@_`%J7)SUnW}kqoA$6Lqx7>vSt|bfAQ9kgb(YhW<85}=(>V9h zl@qK5YMd9K_c8DrG)7ZO%?`D6JY$GfPOK$3?ppZ=GidN4$yZgRLQ|w%H~sHso8oud zT-IWbZhEDfZL^Ayxl%XXYnd|(OG194NB6^xXZR}^i!Mdw&lHSGbDIE+6f?Pre4qbLZ2qL$eG_Pp?|_6}!V) zXqB~krsqli0CTZhEeSF<-BZ=75b(U+Ar&g04ozChA8K*5+br^-E6-t(@5Zv*Dk$I= zu0x@zGHP9gHt@Sk%+Bd$RbuoFaLZZc)Ghcq`WZBqcNboWxbetsh)057Zey3UNldb@p-vAx?Q-na{Mi1ELir&=+is&JYF zKhJys$z%X`J;1Ky_I>E8btTU~fHsY)jf;a+1MB#n2QUs9nSO_TgulL1KaiqS5&IC< z;JCtfK9T~XPMqS`9>Gr8b^Zyj;OF9>YFnB87p%tB4}ZaUT=jSiw{ey91O{t+W3F7c z85~YGpk~*@=^=jIh$^k-%}lf(-yJ~%eP^_ho<*C+m}oJ64x8u;G-6$axMQN}IOAb! zl@LvFv>zdGXBDaXIo6`G4WpkoA)l+`4 z6-w@`CEP2msY$+Rgj@28>=;zoe97L4Pi#%wlTF)~w5IZD66L<#mi8x+{AgSH5s4HF zpQF182@;*3r{Owiohx4IL=(fv29>GU)}3w%C&#vDWzxn(%WU!HNZKuw>=65N>4;F6 z6vtmz5SnSF8$&~7AEG^uII)qX=fOHnoN`lx0cLj6=!^?!ZYV5B6ZU1)6iSW@gia45 z7sRiXbYU25%+koJcG6Xl$;=)MbS&MgCzP69E{ntFROF*`g?x0Dh1bK(tMSe(F}w1- zMLt}F6wThtW}w{oB1apNzVZ;W_s z`XA(c%4X;)lyLTaIN9|K@s^fsWn*$gq$V(HWAg4Zm@^sdYACtS_YGj_kQpWJ3}8DO zL1vDq9LBzBOdfIsbQL>t*Xpi$)#08hgCkgt2GWQvNhl0z%nfVfnb#vjI5AqSL7{{?`0F0 zkXGpieTckxW&7>cYNtAl$`h1j6FHfcnLf4BTJx2eURiME!~6BqEQ~BV9;`*2+JgmW zf2x&7A3JWSm$Bdp+F-!WLKmH)z6UEBP*)T#+YU1pZ8QKco;m0Oi%RCOl-L!#hnyaE zJXl`hvZJ*+EOIG{6_r#K)em*$GtaOQIB^|6!?FO@uM)A}usndG$$Z{-EX{N+Pb)(C zR)?Hn3a9cz-?2`ZiiLUnm+zP?4inC@nc!O^zBcO)yg$NOKOtv z`j`JYnl9fg&et*P{|Eg~Ka&p;O@Cx#XtNGmx#LH+1J}*3usQho+ZEQEN*%tv!sf{b z(0bMiMLO%5eEMEr&+_p@uCh4E;;O30qN{AWtld{xHkql#^|WhjM+mtoqVBN8;c(}e z20ikGtuazvP>#qo>NZAzDO%0V^1ixeBBhOPqzT&W6>p{L^1`7@FBP@7ug(+>eK(4z zp}Gt`3_Zq8pX$=ZTcdPeM8Ie!hUDw+g@J`>;CVB2NfG3cs9vml%?Phg(V%@ix(A`) zIVjRM=#GVwn;Nu7wQg2uMD_k>D@qS-tj4Hl-5B;*1roMz1fL!eJx=Jp2_?6=X|6t9 zWS-M4*1@^Y#TOTJ^Yr8*uVbVMH=6YEV*V9fix5;`-LJX>p>T7!w&C4BbSFdMVVIbx z)2|N&eWV6XG3jrHf@!yC(^CH^6k49uz@s|q&xb(AZ$wI({NQZzT}y4uQEx#IiT_IO)9gl1A8Om3}{gRh7JU zwLTp@YqX+x^O!zCjPdBF8o_g19N47q5e}PYJjEr7jNSUR5wLrwICV&G2!)TAXvG_G zj}36VjNkkUxqZD&gZBAa|7$pWeNiO&^;Hq%ipB?_Ek*Ee`rcvi+dE?5WBsVczM;A3-N~R3 zT4-~N(+P$)3_5+!?{r3d%1%B)7u=j59B#-E3sMY8Mo6g_JNp{$ML@qo6((QLb`KfH$$8_HrC)L(7hucHqOwD9~p0`Ld=KxhFGy=g2AkZ5tGDEQw&E;VBYeK z1fA0`JOZ30V(c4+f9c@ONU2@6FfTI{8)4ZQaoTIhiG+141cJ?x@cucm_+N&Xjc~A+ zMrb@`XljB}i$%gE!{1GC>8b{fy<_+z4DP%wOpgtH4Dk4bK#}{KlWrn3KDe?I=)=U$ z?BKFgk}i5J2sTs5QB6w_M;8Zs#=`64#cSt+Q%A%1aT@qQQpj5wkUUuQEeILcm2?s7 zDnj(F$RiDVd|$|ew&;(~YD09*qV`Wzv!ZMxyqT8v?(ab%_m_y;dm%rQ;QI&RlKlHW Dm(diz delta 8766 zc-nnAdt6jix9+vi%m4$-45+Axf|gG}5XncWX_}E@q9T@$9N+*`!wk*?#25BdE70*6 zdz2JWuV$(BMYYo`^-KH8d}XO=rVfc&X<_-wQt#U53{v<0?)4wetiASnueH}&zI(a* z{$INW;jW$KbF0#C;6$KReUy( zRMgMd78yYvVKaY%==x_r{lZLg>c<{`pOE`BP`eX{Ly+>1Xa#bqe(bq0s-48tm;6u@ zjwj()a)>b%l}D~+TU8Ws#NV6NM%{mX+OR`iDVO2F%ob0?L(0N=;qt;T=xLU zj3it6gh$EBNRrlaaPQ+p3MU77FPW6+kbKQk#BPA}o~&vcY0ta3$U+Ko*j;?q;3dDo zmRNqQl$<7=(`s#Q#VvbkXxbW&Q}GnZio;qgE6xJ(?PrH)k=UVr#F1yod0vmrQJCzL zc+D`oU2!6UOR>6zr{z44yQ)rA##vBJkDtS{8hX6ZT_oG>tm$d!P~o?_WFMZ`@@0qO zvE^Cq{#qm(JK>=2i%N`cprCxXdub>u5Hk6S@ByX^9p**rx;pdb%skiB8V$l=+e`~h*jVf@I6+2hCh10I*P#GS7of5qYS_-zi9+a@B@>#)mi zw_jYm%ectuR#drUN03>etrVkDNO3i55N?DOj%bh%{ zTUO8-cSUt8K~4NEnk&tk_Y|rJ`Dq5|nd~!M+d4s(tEH`*C&(&^8fojB>`SL1E?R2Z zQDQBWm9%u^-1Jd_)8%J@Dv0i+(iQ}oi3J5ruBtU}>Bx`FA*-mQewI{_1(a-HSDqzK zc>ffapCgH&9W8r-q!7T5Jueb7A$4r%A~MgQrIcAqDdK&Z(M4n!+q;OAN$Vrh()i%T zWI2KG1N^I($jcIqsZZzDB_v#Y^b zXES9jnT&KVt|giHXV5w_N~*=H{MmJc61=;3J*p+unzASHmH$OnB8b&)Bo0*6@;ZqQ ziV~%YVkRq={4@0fBWVgdYomJB=XJ7DQ+?m-#0OBWW7FOw=en2cD}4!wJIqIO$Ghd3 zUQsQpX>PtetHgy7EIdhb^H|Yl(k1a)X&TNhVLU7}Cp0 zJNCy1#HI?(^0tvFFz+DSwT)bYd58F0+sSzm0Qgz`5m_dzlDLy(!MZqBv6FO{Hbo=y z8#_r{o7(7khg5Sk%r9`s`F#qU&Z;_gY9|?ucY5z4angFkU>Une4+OY&k*v_VAbxMw zc{h2Gh3_U|coegnOoT^Y{DfGD5T|etnJ;7*_bFL`8h!mK`6=j` z*1;h8pe<|tDH+1n?3WDev;Ppg=8W{uNHh|&%qnMNJ}33)Z@Q1%BoG_NQV*jAV)m15 zfQRA-|7kzzL)fRM@U!1Rl7Ugtde&_1sQM7u0w~ncV|>&Rk|lD*a*X7mEVGW013_8Z z1ZDa3*A_e9K8jpMA1B3{owpq)U1;?FgZ%Vyl897zGFx>Hb^5B2xHNShK2P4FH0r%YLaG>M`iWfWO6yMq@HMCP-(W~#h+uKV*Pz7Z z6tB1!OP$rvhBcCC_Rdg!lrGt))2H*tekOM)jd^ww%legkKh$((TBR@fkJlRR>2V>? zSzL@%d}M^Xp=Z@5)0OF3usdC%iU_0`|G=41wSl{v$N`Z{BYq=CL@r&K#+F~J` zfyR6=f#v-{nxypzV>vfTCuCH5lf0tYi2g}ZK*eYMZjrqLo&R-3ZWT)t1CT+XPTv??ibWRbzDzGusS_2zH*qKo1 zXeyK)vdb!JbD|GU#`4fGm`k8?314W0C<&gJ!fQ-m7DetY3p@tfcf213#{~jA5e@yI zvWl5n!!?v`ej9L+I)0@MY$rkC+H1mr)YxLRr`td~_HGQw?Sz1pzR?YXYz02Lp#a|_ z?D$OYPUFe#U>ufs)4S7IMJ(9RMHgdXDh6^?`XWB26D%iTQRxe{bR5dE;-N3=7!SSJ zTk&9E<5^__44^TP%|A;39eO<$Cb9utK|#q6b%j-g9q0l{ z(DpFlI&y( zyda8y8uVsWsSws_gBHnCE;!T}p7y|nGN&s)*eJ#ZZGBH|i>-U6Kxg*vROra^QlKrn zoC?#~u@q>{X7q*Q)a;ofh~LKs^#==oJ`Hq0+YNh!zmg6f(tO&PeK-grSfBoIk9s(% zKU9k<-82BIRKPO>VZH#+`(cb!ix9T`e&~fhyKq0Gqt1d(!eHpb9=jh6oANcAe?J4M> z49gw^Gnp?`*M@yN1_mRM$%|OWOej$XT{SY62?dCKI}@I2jdiK}&Nqu?F@bp8$yMvk zlNYn{u`rvYvnyla8I5b{V<2Aj#>XHP)}^s_PTd&?Gx5*NEGT9*^B|li zS8ZTTSt^g5@n91Yoo2hot9SZNz*MSZuT4;GBTa;2v-YITmR(M4uG&5NCVOTgY{0`F z+3+ap_FXoV3QCi}C-hj%E>41-%#{tvWFM=`hT-hJ94OLKqtj$KLouFLo#wZvpj7BE z_cZvB(6&c&Sn88dgMhI~nP2PP6$8x^ux zYe86!47rH*kqjKsW);A)piesoeLCrz7M~84(Wk#;86sH6Lg)@XR|;my++7H-5gHxe zibdIA4(7TK{{a3q+aU#O^TmVwAqQNOsJZ6~{(u|O@r<4FVj6B><4a+*z+h`iRk0r^ zgJ;=HF9vf#EL-D+A#8UU%+6(=6x!>~uGx=h1VZ8%A=J?-Cz0584sh zVfr?nJs(D5P35Z>fL@10<6ac?oiBb7{LRHPA*f#Imo4gry{Lt(fh8@1Wt!!8ErK;h zSlE^2E{Fc0Y!TQ4_*ct89|_8N{_R@$C7g8Apzt<)U?Oe!hdbd#6VYqH*@s|qI2^3x zUw;e#A?iE7`a7UtSwJd%Mf;X`Y{jx0o9_j!*gI!nDTcxV!X7>ggCrI9%vpF6ML%~I zdee#;*rAPJ)v)87%~9g@;PkdMWFq$TGa8cYf$sj`kdkNhx@EUI@~QZK_4T)@$>6st zcAMMdcNX~FwnB&1u1<(83R%V`dI`VCf355u};CK~h z`eG&5FT32>IUFq*Y0XoLs_~=|>A6e%a-L6Gdr9p-Zv3bJfXw~%bR~u4l=;O<=iBT#VMo!L{C>rdd%Z*l7p-;-#f=GUC zNXF&~yKaX%mTA_MXW=Z1rr$GMF!BGB{0ebX8{YznEf%ej4qguSNY&E8CY6nDXJ|mo z;`u>7+60Zm8aDE(qONi@Q*nu1_6M&f`gHB18pJpkXodt?G-#%JvD@8)YWm6woI~w6 z8~W&r_p*%h5Le+Bm&MP!Xu_B+j9Ub*rh7YwyWBX7@9h-C4Q>rESa6cH2941?zoO9x z8Pw$u_L{1(@@03P%ce!7wt%P_5ENFPQZ)Pd6g5`_MHKUGwX}a>dV0?qY5yV=9vOP9Hao^afnO{eWFxAsI352OsKxA? z>3T{8tR+uaaL1b zj=Ifo+U-sxUS@L?D(ub$2p=OI`v%iq6;{(p#J^aF+!e`IptLAZfOe7dtLel~nk7Q? z5~~XtP29ucU9@w>Ke%8uP#U}rkIk+GyL{obvLd8XLj#urPh$~~%gYq(kWlod!-ABk zD9F)A1HWL1c>F3oMNq32AR#Tvgyj4UvfWnT4`6MPU8O6L5*n}qt3tl8L(?HaEXY!9 zpH?PXmH!cd`89N9Z#4!Rx^)vIm4>-ZE{CGo8`TeT zP$M5@tf--%SK35zD^+BdNJe!BR82pBr6D1J!98j`8r&_5y_Z&4MJ3AvW)R0B`OBHH5bV7Mc}DQ{<>c87DUHT3Z0#{PdVBD1H6=n8JUL|r=hl_1q@ z1+7Nya*A+e2Y-OL9?fnJ=3+H={G!MzS^~DjDO<0n39R1*eCUS%gq=ob@knK|{GTDW z;_k$tRc3d!G-0;7jFTpmH!s_ot)(CeR*QVq8p4krzm~i<7y8jwXcO;Bsqaqy2&>&2 ztQUTD@ny3&KQr1mnkT#6Lfo<#Od-YQ5rLWKlEtc7bZwP3=C}xjmQB$=)M}%Kx7g}_ zx~h(!zX)EjszQvZP4J^-L+}`13XgX2@yn2aoyMHY!6uVmx{T8ojf-5%?7zds=+?uI zYIm%5o7Jt|DY^oK@Xm%SP@vt3xC-UO93-A=!$(qOx%(OpT3fHdJ~re!Brtjd+Tyji z8#n~bx{ii@nr*xeLnx}rM%{qP8m%=q-~-WGcj>~6$#kT&DcTan*WQF>2#mH^So&Yc zd;@d;1)HVy0uX--9!9c-x3Jr+6)n)0w_qu|oJ`xZ*|%Ys))wu!4NcnpEqBz;^3OYB zNJGG@Q|KG&2iFt2NX!vBN~f}ugod*cN{d((&}1@7#K1sy4XBx|Ny3pVKxtmvP0@2F z2bI>!Fxn^QQ}%>J`y!pC5`9|J=`U>S2;fPio_2zqy*yb@$5NO(navNSj|sq`P`XwU z0CyyP9K|~vNmro}a`rNZiS9&z-%Q2$Em`PsmSjeW&atUxI*bJ@v`|wqBZ~H**bZ?| z6zvb#L>*vTThlqBn_`J==oaktzH37_2{U4U^->I7E?VR+?P-6l$V=DI`QcEzOM~{=LYKh9v_|~D0G5(fAC*`=9@*t^tIKGtS4BQr zvrN1YVo6kN_2l`BlyJMOc46Wu-|G@7kJpMgeVaZXLLTIcKA_A9{40(u;ta&jhJJyb z+4m9)G}8O{)-R|f9QJ*}cOR#nBS|<%=+s3IUfN~Fr>)#~r>&gmcge+01)n)A@#`Eyep$SG9-B*6(Ggcs zF$Jfq!?0X4`w=M%b9P1r|M-ZM0r1de9(q*D14tUf9LJ@!4xfLcrBuGnB`Rsg33a#; zzgXQVDb|o@FDac?RmaXAm$Wr3%lt+v6$B3 z1RM0dlo?f5xvbR-^-0*3h}ZFHv0~WMAlX_l+WapJRnQgRO9iB^`kXY0cAS#N9zQ3& zj#5FRRE~e8FmEa{-$L%zJh3 zH4mM1>%1i6wY(psr}59BAEePFsUh-S~L6@w7+eGOv8Ns}tOP%z88lmIw9Kn__ z=+VSm_tSq8L8!p%&rQSinMQcbDc9`jGAP>HEXdt(rBP-q!c#gO=%Y&9L+bzIv^GU?gDD zst&-jT_$+zGycvly}<}O>+W7j~a@F8Xxkt{>w->a+6!W z*KaV9RvPr@-}FPm;qpe_`;LBM1nHnb>%$G6FfclK&lm$X8R#Dp>qt5qH^vadojHcyMElW>*H1PCNJx55Oa@Dvw#+)#(3-vdgkb}oTc;b^^5Q85 zs~*Oc^21icXBL?8p~m8p+c3@qt{3>w=L{d|;MrarrQ&8-_#@{l3}d3ezgEaOnvdIT zXd4A@H1VR34G)>&qX`=L#z8}S3mowC=(C2^7C3!d1K+-E_#+&eR`Wk@8-^I*);Yl~ zmQU1&td1r9`0oiJwY@-h4_`heq$-u%$GgrCu~Haap`tNFGxL8v6XMH(1vB}G6CtVD z@J*k;ovlp{eSQEW - +