From 80b752285d861ca5d092d02f8e2117b88b54d6d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>
Date: Thu, 27 Nov 2025 17:55:31 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] [3.13] gh-116008: Detect freed thread state in faulthandler
 (#141988) (#142017)

gh-116008: Detect freed thread state in faulthandler (#141988)

Add _PyMem_IsULongFreed() function.

(cherry picked from commit d5d9e89dde9843a61b46872b1914c5b75ad05998)
---
 Include/internal/pycore_pymem.h | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 Python/traceback.c              | 19 ++++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_pymem.h b/Include/internal/pycore_pymem.h
index 79c43a0768b7..76d58d1d251d 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_pymem.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_pymem.h
@@ -106,6 +106,27 @@ static inline int _PyMem_IsPtrFreed(const void *ptr)
 #endif
 }
 
+// Similar to _PyMem_IsPtrFreed() but expects an 'unsigned long' instead of a
+// pointer.
+static inline int _PyMem_IsULongFreed(unsigned long value)
+{
+#if SIZEOF_LONG == 8
+    return (value == 0
+            || value == (unsigned long)0xCDCDCDCDCDCDCDCD
+            || value == (unsigned long)0xDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
+            || value == (unsigned long)0xFDFDFDFDFDFDFDFD
+            || value == (unsigned long)0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
+#elif SIZEOF_LONG == 4
+    return (value == 0
+            || value == (unsigned long)0xCDCDCDCD
+            || value == (unsigned long)0xDDDDDDDD
+            || value == (unsigned long)0xFDFDFDFD
+            || value == (unsigned long)0xFFFFFFFF);
+#else
+#  error "unknown long size"
+#endif
+}
+
 extern int _PyMem_GetAllocatorName(
     const char *name,
     PyMemAllocatorName *allocator);
diff --git a/Python/traceback.c b/Python/traceback.c
index 7e7739682794..f98408337164 100644
--- a/Python/traceback.c
+++ b/Python/traceback.c
@@ -960,6 +960,9 @@ tstate_is_freed(PyThreadState *tstate)
     if (_PyMem_IsPtrFreed(tstate->interp)) {
         return 1;
     }
+    if (_PyMem_IsULongFreed(tstate->thread_id)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -979,7 +982,7 @@ dump_traceback(int fd, PyThreadState *tstate, int write_header)
     }
 
     if (tstate_is_freed(tstate)) {
-        PUTS(fd, "  <tstate is freed>\n");
+        PUTS(fd, "  <freed thread state>\n");
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1004,12 +1007,16 @@ dump_traceback(int fd, PyThreadState *tstate, int write_header)
             PUTS(fd, "  <freed frame>\n");
             break;
         }
+        // Read frame->previous early since memory can be freed during
+        // dump_frame()
+        _PyInterpreterFrame *previous = frame->previous;
+
         if (dump_frame(fd, frame) < 0) {
             PUTS(fd, "  <invalid frame>\n");
             break;
         }
 
-        frame = frame->previous;
+        frame = previous;
         if (frame == NULL) {
             break;
         }
@@ -1100,7 +1107,6 @@ _Py_DumpTracebackThreads(int fd, PyInterpreterState *interp,
         return "unable to get the thread head state";
 
     /* Dump the traceback of each thread */
-    tstate = PyInterpreterState_ThreadHead(interp);
     unsigned int nthreads = 0;
     _Py_BEGIN_SUPPRESS_IPH
     do
@@ -1111,11 +1117,18 @@ _Py_DumpTracebackThreads(int fd, PyInterpreterState *interp,
             PUTS(fd, "...\n");
             break;
         }
+
+        if (tstate_is_freed(tstate)) {
+            PUTS(fd, "<freed thread state>\n");
+            break;
+        }
+
         write_thread_id(fd, tstate, tstate == current_tstate);
         if (tstate == current_tstate && tstate->interp->gc.collecting) {
             PUTS(fd, "  Garbage-collecting\n");
         }
         dump_traceback(fd, tstate, 0);
+
         tstate = PyThreadState_Next(tstate);
         nthreads++;
     } while (tstate != NULL);
-- 
2.47.3