From c2a47ea9364fad948a263c57f771da1ddfc4c192 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chet Ramey Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2011 09:17:25 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] commit bash-20080110 snapshot --- CWRU/CWRU.chlog | 40 + CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ | 52 + array.c | 32 +- array.c.save | 966 ++++ doc/bash.0 | 3656 +++++++-------- doc/bash.html | 21 +- doc/bash.pdf | Bin 596736 -> 596403 bytes doc/bash.ps | 9399 ++++++++++++++++++++------------------- doc/bashref.aux | 5 +- doc/bashref.cp | 1 - doc/bashref.cps | 1 - doc/bashref.dvi | Bin 612624 -> 612328 bytes doc/bashref.html | 471 +- doc/bashref.info | 511 ++- doc/bashref.log | 40 +- doc/bashref.ps | 1964 ++++---- doc/bashref.toc | 4 +- doc/builtins.0 | 35 +- doc/builtins.ps | 791 ++-- doc/rbash.ps | 2 +- lib/readline/display.c | 11 +- lib/readline/display.c~ | 18 +- subst.c | 211 +- subst.c~ | 51 +- subst.h | 4 +- subst.h~ | 3 +- tests/RUN-ONE-TEST | 2 +- tests/new-exp.right | 2 + tests/new-exp5.sub | 10 + 29 files changed, 9712 insertions(+), 8591 deletions(-) create mode 100644 array.c.save diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog index d4783850c..cb35d02a2 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog @@ -15143,3 +15143,43 @@ lib/sh/getcwd.c _path_checkino instead of directly comparing against d_fileno. Fixes Interix problem reported by Michael Haubenwallner + + 1/7/2008 + -------- +array.c + - fix array_subrange to separate elements in returned string with + first char of $IFS if QUOTED is non-zero, since this indicates + the caller used ${array[@]:foo}. Fixes bug reported by Lea + Wiemann + + 1/8 + --- +subst.c + - new function returning a string containing the first character of + $IFS: char *ifs_firstchar(int *) + +subst.h + - extern declaration for ifs_firstchar() + +array.c + - call ifs_firstchar() to get first character of $IFS when needed + (array_subrange() and array_patsub()) + + 1/11 + ---- +lib/readline/display.c + - use sentinel variable set at end of init_line_structures to decide + whether to call it from rl_redisplay, since early SIGWINCH on + Mac OS X that hits during this function can cause _rl_wrapped_line + to be referenced before initialization. Fix for bug reported by + Len Lattanzi + +subst.[ch] + - skip_to_delim is now compiled into the shell all the time, not just + when readline is linked in + +subst.c + - use skip_to_delim to find the `/' denoting the end of a pattern + in pattern substitution, since it knows more shell syntax than + quoted_strchr and understands multibyte characters. Fixes bug + reported by Dmitry V Golovashkin diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ index 3f2610897..e15c9a961 100644 --- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ +++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog~ @@ -15131,3 +15131,55 @@ execute_cmd.c parse_and_execute_level to 0, since there's nothing left to restore it if top_level_cleanup tests it. Fixes bug reported by Len Lattanzi + + 12/31 + ----- +lib/sh/getcwd.c + - new function, _path_checkino, checks whether the inode corresponding + to the path constructed from the first two arguments is the same as + the inode number passed as the third argument + - if BROKEN_DIRENT_D_INO is defined, meaning the d_ino/d_fileno + member of struct dirent doesn't contain valid values, use + _path_checkino instead of directly comparing against d_fileno. + Fixes Interix problem reported by Michael Haubenwallner + + + 1/7/2008 + -------- +array.c + - fix array_subrange to separate elements in returned string with + first char of $IFS if QUOTED is non-zero, since this indicates + the caller used ${array[@]:foo}. Fixes bug reported by Lea + Wiemann + + 1/8 + --- +subst.c + - new function returning a string containing the first character of + $IFS: char *ifs_firstchar(int *) + +subst.h + - extern declaration for ifs_firstchar() + +array.c + - call ifs_firstchar() to get first character of $IFS when needed + (array_subrange() and array_patsub()) + + 1/11 + ---- +lib/readline/display.c + - use sentinel variable set at end of init_line_structures to decide + whether to call it from rl_redisplay, since early SIGWINCH on + Mac OS X that hits during this function can cause _rl_wrapped_line + to be referenced before initialization. Fix for bug reported by + Len Lattanzi + +subst.[ch] + - skip_to_delim is now compiled into the shell all the time, not just + when readline is linked in + +subst.c + - use skip_to_delim to find the `/' denoting the end of a pattern + in pattern substitution, since it knows more shell syntax than + quoted_strchr. Fixes bug reported by Dmitry V Golovashkin + diff --git a/array.c b/array.c index 4cfa51169..ee7562c5d 100644 --- a/array.c +++ b/array.c @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ int starsub, quoted; ARRAY *a2; ARRAY_ELEMENT *h, *p; arrayind_t i; - char *ifs, sep[2], *t; + char *ifs, *sep, *t; p = a ? array_head (a) : 0; if (p == 0 || array_empty (a) || start > array_max_index(a)) @@ -360,14 +360,25 @@ int starsub, quoted; array_quote_escapes(a2); if (starsub && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))) { - ifs = getifs(); - sep[0] = ifs ? *ifs : '\0'; - } else + /* ${array[*]} */ + sep = ifs_firstchar ((int *)NULL); + } else if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) { + /* ${array[@]} */ + sep = ifs_firstchar ((int *)NULL); + ifs = getifs (); + if (ifs == 0 || *ifs == 0) { + sep[0] = ' '; + sep[1] = '\0'; + } + } else { + sep = xmalloc (2); sep[0] = ' '; - sep[1] = '\0'; + sep[1] = '\0'; + } t = array_to_string (a2, sep, 0); array_dispose(a2); + free (sep); return t; } @@ -380,7 +391,7 @@ int mflags; { ARRAY *a2; ARRAY_ELEMENT *e; - char *t, *ifs, sifs[2]; + char *t, *sifs; if (a == 0 || array_head(a) == 0 || array_empty(a)) return ((char *)NULL); @@ -397,10 +408,9 @@ int mflags; else array_quote_escapes(a2); if (mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) { - ifs = getifs(); - sifs[0] = ifs ? *ifs : '\0'; - sifs[1] = '\0'; + sifs = ifs_firstchar((int *)NULL); t = array_to_string (a2, sifs, 0); + free(sifs); } else t = array_to_string (a2, " ", 0); array_dispose (a2); @@ -618,8 +628,8 @@ ARRAY *a; } /* - * Return a string that is the concatenation of all the elements in A, - * separated by SEP. + * Return a string that is the concatenation of the elements in A from START + * to END, separated by SEP. */ static char * array_to_string_internal (start, end, sep, quoted) diff --git a/array.c.save b/array.c.save new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e1b90f82 --- /dev/null +++ b/array.c.save @@ -0,0 +1,966 @@ +/* + * array.c - functions to create, destroy, access, and manipulate arrays + * of strings. + * + * Arrays are sparse doubly-linked lists. An element's index is stored + * with it. + * + * Chet Ramey + * chet@ins.cwru.edu + */ + +/* Copyright (C) 1997-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. + + Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under + the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free + Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later + version. + + Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY + WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or + FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License + for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along + with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */ + +#include "config.h" + +#if defined (ARRAY_VARS) + +#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H) +# ifdef _MINIX +# include +# endif +# include +#endif + +#include +#include "bashansi.h" + +#include "shell.h" +#include "array.h" +#include "builtins/common.h" + +#define ADD_BEFORE(ae, new) \ + do { \ + ae->prev->next = new; \ + new->prev = ae->prev; \ + ae->prev = new; \ + new->next = ae; \ + } while(0) + +static char *array_to_string_internal __P((ARRAY_ELEMENT *, ARRAY_ELEMENT *, char *, int)); + +ARRAY * +array_create() +{ + ARRAY *r; + ARRAY_ELEMENT *head; + + r =(ARRAY *)xmalloc(sizeof(ARRAY)); + r->type = array_indexed; + r->max_index = -1; + r->num_elements = 0; + head = array_create_element(-1, (char *)NULL); /* dummy head */ + head->prev = head->next = head; + r->head = head; + return(r); +} + +void +array_flush (a) +ARRAY *a; +{ + register ARRAY_ELEMENT *r, *r1; + + if (a == 0) + return; + for (r = element_forw(a->head); r != a->head; ) { + r1 = element_forw(r); + array_dispose_element(r); + r = r1; + } + a->head->next = a->head->prev = a->head; + a->max_index = -1; + a->num_elements = 0; +} + +void +array_dispose(a) +ARRAY *a; +{ + if (a == 0) + return; + array_flush (a); + array_dispose_element(a->head); + free(a); +} + +ARRAY * +array_copy(a) +ARRAY *a; +{ + ARRAY *a1; + ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae, *new; + + if (a == 0) + return((ARRAY *) NULL); + a1 = array_create(); + a1->type = a->type; + a1->max_index = a->max_index; + a1->num_elements = a->num_elements; + for (ae = element_forw(a->head); ae != a->head; ae = element_forw(ae)) { + new = array_create_element(element_index(ae), element_value(ae)); + ADD_BEFORE(a1->head, new); + } + return(a1); +} + +/* + * Make and return a new array composed of the elements in array A from + * S to E, inclusive. + */ +ARRAY * +array_slice(array, s, e) +ARRAY *array; +ARRAY_ELEMENT *s, *e; +{ + ARRAY *a; + ARRAY_ELEMENT *p, *n; + int i; + arrayind_t mi; + + a = array_create (); + a->type = array->type; + + for (p = s, i = 0; p != e; p = element_forw(p), i++) { + n = array_create_element (element_index(p), element_value(p)); + ADD_BEFORE(a->head, n); + mi = element_index(n); + } + a->num_elements = i; + a->max_index = mi; + return a; +} + +/* + * Walk the array, calling FUNC once for each element, with the array + * element as the argument. + */ +void +array_walk(a, func, udata) +ARRAY *a; +sh_ae_map_func_t *func; +void *udata; +{ + register ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae; + + if (a == 0 || array_empty(a)) + return; + for (ae = element_forw(a->head); ae != a->head; ae = element_forw(ae)) + if ((*func)(ae, udata) < 0) + return; +} + +/* + * Shift the array A N elements to the left. Delete the first N elements + * and subtract N from the indices of the remaining elements. If FLAGS + * does not include AS_DISPOSE, this returns a singly-linked null-terminated + * list of elements so the caller can dispose of the chain. If FLAGS + * includes AS_DISPOSE, this function disposes of the shifted-out elements + * and returns NULL. + */ +ARRAY_ELEMENT * +array_shift(a, n, flags) +ARRAY *a; +int n, flags; +{ + register ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae, *ret; + register int i; + + if (a == 0 || array_empty(a) || n <= 0) + return ((ARRAY_ELEMENT *)NULL); + + for (i = 0, ret = ae = element_forw(a->head); ae != a->head && i < n; ae = element_forw(ae), i++) + ; + if (ae == a->head) { + /* Easy case; shifting out all of the elements */ + if (flags & AS_DISPOSE) { + array_flush (a); + return ((ARRAY_ELEMENT *)NULL); + } + for (ae = ret; element_forw(ae) != a->head; ae = element_forw(ae)) + ; + element_forw(ae) = (ARRAY_ELEMENT *)NULL; + a->head->next = a->head->prev = a->head; + a->max_index = -1; + a->num_elements = 0; + return ret; + } + /* + * ae now points to the list of elements we want to retain. + * ret points to the list we want to either destroy or return. + */ + ae->prev->next = (ARRAY_ELEMENT *)NULL; /* null-terminate RET */ + + a->head->next = ae; /* slice RET out of the array */ + ae->prev = a->head; + + for ( ; ae != a->head; ae = element_forw(ae)) + element_index(ae) -= n; /* renumber retained indices */ + + a->num_elements -= n; /* modify bookkeeping information */ + a->max_index -= n; + + if (flags & AS_DISPOSE) { + for (ae = ret; ae; ) { + ret = element_forw(ae); + array_dispose_element(ae); + ae = ret; + } + return ((ARRAY_ELEMENT *)NULL); + } + + return ret; +} + +/* + * Shift array A right N indices. If S is non-null, it becomes the value of + * the new element 0. Returns the number of elements in the array after the + * shift. + */ +int +array_rshift (a, n, s) +ARRAY *a; +int n; +char *s; +{ + register ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae, *new; + + if (a == 0 || (array_empty(a) && s == 0)) + return 0; + else if (n <= 0) + return (a->num_elements); + + ae = element_forw(a->head); + if (s) { + new = array_create_element(0, s); + ADD_BEFORE(ae, new); + a->num_elements++; + if (array_num_elements(a) == 1) /* array was empty */ + return 1; + } + + /* + * Renumber all elements in the array except the one we just added. + */ + for ( ; ae != a->head; ae = element_forw(ae)) + element_index(ae) += n; + + a->max_index = element_index(a->head->prev); + + return (a->num_elements); +} + +ARRAY_ELEMENT * +array_unshift_element(a) +ARRAY *a; +{ + return (array_shift (a, 1, 0)); +} + +int +array_shift_element(a, v) +ARRAY *a; +char *v; +{ + return (array_rshift (a, 1, v)); +} + +ARRAY * +array_quote(array) +ARRAY *array; +{ + ARRAY_ELEMENT *a; + char *t; + + if (array == 0 || array_head(array) == 0 || array_empty(array)) + return (ARRAY *)NULL; + for (a = element_forw(array->head); a != array->head; a = element_forw(a)) { + t = quote_string (a->value); + FREE(a->value); + a->value = t; + } + return array; +} + +ARRAY * +array_quote_escapes(array) +ARRAY *array; +{ + ARRAY_ELEMENT *a; + char *t; + + if (array == 0 || array_head(array) == 0 || array_empty(array)) + return (ARRAY *)NULL; + for (a = element_forw(array->head); a != array->head; a = element_forw(a)) { + t = quote_escapes (a->value); + FREE(a->value); + a->value = t; + } + return array; +} + +/* + * Return a string whose elements are the members of array A beginning at + * index START and spanning NELEM members. Null elements are counted. + * Since arrays are sparse, unset array elements are not counted. + */ +char * +array_subrange (a, start, nelem, starsub, quoted) +ARRAY *a; +arrayind_t start, nelem; +int starsub, quoted; +{ + ARRAY *a2; + ARRAY_ELEMENT *h, *p; + arrayind_t i; + char *ifs, sep[2], *t; + + p = a ? array_head (a) : 0; + if (p == 0 || array_empty (a) || start > array_max_index(a)) + return ((char *)NULL); + + /* + * Find element with index START. If START corresponds to an unset + * element (arrays can be sparse), use the first element whose index + * is >= START. If START is < 0, we count START indices back from + * the end of A (not elements, even with sparse arrays -- START is an + * index). + */ + for (p = element_forw(p); p != array_head(a) && start > element_index(p); p = element_forw(p)) + ; + + if (p == a->head) + return ((char *)NULL); + + /* Starting at P, take NELEM elements, inclusive. */ + for (i = 0, h = p; p != a->head && i < nelem; i++, p = element_forw(p)) + ; + + a2 = array_slice(a, h, p); + + if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) + array_quote(a2); + else + array_quote_escapes(a2); + + if (starsub && (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT))) { + /* ${array[*]} */ + ifs = getifs(); + sep[0] = ifs ? *ifs : '\0'; + } else if (quoted & (Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES|Q_HERE_DOCUMENT)) { + /* ${array[@]}. Use ' ' to make sure the right splitting is + performed even when $IFS is "" */ + ifs = getifs(); + sep[0] = (ifs && *ifs) ? *ifs : ' '; + } else + sep[0] = ' '; + sep[1] = '\0'; + + t = array_to_string (a2, sep, 0); + array_dispose(a2); + + return t; +} + +char * +array_patsub (a, pat, rep, mflags) +ARRAY *a; +char *pat, *rep; +int mflags; +{ + ARRAY *a2; + ARRAY_ELEMENT *e; + char *t, *ifs, sifs[2]; + + if (a == 0 || array_head(a) == 0 || array_empty(a)) + return ((char *)NULL); + + a2 = array_copy(a); + for (e = element_forw(a2->head); e != a2->head; e = element_forw(e)) { + t = pat_subst(element_value(e), pat, rep, mflags); + FREE(element_value(e)); + e->value = t; + } + + if (mflags & MATCH_QUOTED) + array_quote(a2); + else + array_quote_escapes(a2); + if (mflags & MATCH_STARSUB) { + ifs = getifs(); + sifs[0] = ifs ? *ifs : '\0'; + sifs[1] = '\0'; + t = array_to_string (a2, sifs, 0); + } else + t = array_to_string (a2, " ", 0); + array_dispose (a2); + + return t; +} + +/* + * Allocate and return a new array element with index INDEX and value + * VALUE. + */ +ARRAY_ELEMENT * +array_create_element(indx, value) +arrayind_t indx; +char *value; +{ + ARRAY_ELEMENT *r; + + r = (ARRAY_ELEMENT *)xmalloc(sizeof(ARRAY_ELEMENT)); + r->ind = indx; + r->value = value ? savestring(value) : (char *)NULL; + r->next = r->prev = (ARRAY_ELEMENT *) NULL; + return(r); +} + +#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED +ARRAY_ELEMENT * +array_copy_element(ae) +ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae; +{ + return(ae ? array_create_element(element_index(ae), element_value(ae)) + : (ARRAY_ELEMENT *) NULL); +} +#endif + +void +array_dispose_element(ae) +ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae; +{ + if (ae) { + FREE(ae->value); + free(ae); + } +} + +/* + * Add a new element with index I and value V to array A (a[i] = v). + */ +int +array_insert(a, i, v) +ARRAY *a; +arrayind_t i; +char *v; +{ + register ARRAY_ELEMENT *new, *ae; + + if (a == 0) + return(-1); + new = array_create_element(i, v); + if (i > array_max_index(a)) { + /* + * Hook onto the end. This also works for an empty array. + * Fast path for the common case of allocating arrays + * sequentially. + */ + ADD_BEFORE(a->head, new); + a->max_index = i; + a->num_elements++; + return(0); + } + /* + * Otherwise we search for the spot to insert it. + */ + for (ae = element_forw(a->head); ae != a->head; ae = element_forw(ae)) { + if (element_index(ae) == i) { + /* + * Replacing an existing element. + */ + array_dispose_element(new); + free(element_value(ae)); + ae->value = v ? savestring(v) : (char *)NULL; + return(0); + } else if (element_index(ae) > i) { + ADD_BEFORE(ae, new); + a->num_elements++; + return(0); + } + } + return (-1); /* problem */ +} + +/* + * Delete the element with index I from array A and return it so the + * caller can dispose of it. + */ +ARRAY_ELEMENT * +array_remove(a, i) +ARRAY *a; +arrayind_t i; +{ + register ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae; + + if (a == 0 || array_empty(a)) + return((ARRAY_ELEMENT *) NULL); + for (ae = element_forw(a->head); ae != a->head; ae = element_forw(ae)) + if (element_index(ae) == i) { + ae->next->prev = ae->prev; + ae->prev->next = ae->next; + a->num_elements--; + if (i == array_max_index(a)) + a->max_index = element_index(ae->prev); + return(ae); + } + return((ARRAY_ELEMENT *) NULL); +} + +/* + * Return the value of a[i]. + */ +char * +array_reference(a, i) +ARRAY *a; +arrayind_t i; +{ + register ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae; + + if (a == 0 || array_empty(a)) + return((char *) NULL); + for (ae = element_forw(a->head); ae != a->head; ae = element_forw(ae)) + if (element_index(ae) == i) + return(element_value(ae)); + return((char *) NULL); +} + +/* Convenience routines for the shell to translate to and from the form used + by the rest of the code. */ + +WORD_LIST * +array_to_word_list(a) +ARRAY *a; +{ + WORD_LIST *list; + ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae; + + if (a == 0 || array_empty(a)) + return((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + for (ae = element_forw(a->head); ae != a->head; ae = element_forw(ae)) + list = make_word_list (make_bare_word(element_value(ae)), list); + return (REVERSE_LIST(list, WORD_LIST *)); +} + +ARRAY * +array_from_word_list (list) +WORD_LIST *list; +{ + ARRAY *a; + + if (list == 0) + return((ARRAY *)NULL); + a = array_create(); + return (array_assign_list (a, list)); +} + +WORD_LIST * +array_keys_to_word_list(a) +ARRAY *a; +{ + WORD_LIST *list; + ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae; + char *t; + + if (a == 0 || array_empty(a)) + return((WORD_LIST *)NULL); + list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + for (ae = element_forw(a->head); ae != a->head; ae = element_forw(ae)) { + t = itos(element_index(ae)); + list = make_word_list (make_bare_word(t), list); + free(t); + } + return (REVERSE_LIST(list, WORD_LIST *)); +} + +ARRAY * +array_assign_list (array, list) +ARRAY *array; +WORD_LIST *list; +{ + register WORD_LIST *l; + register arrayind_t i; + + for (l = list, i = 0; l; l = l->next, i++) + array_insert(array, i, l->word->word); + return array; +} + +char ** +array_to_argv (a) +ARRAY *a; +{ + char **ret, *t; + int i; + ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae; + + if (a == 0 || array_empty(a)) + return ((char **)NULL); + ret = strvec_create (array_num_elements (a) + 1); + i = 0; + for (ae = element_forw(a->head); ae != a->head; ae = element_forw(ae)) { + t = element_value (ae); + ret[i++] = t ? savestring (t) : (char *)NULL; + } + ret[i] = (char *)NULL; + return (ret); +} + +/* + * Return a string that is the concatenation of the elements in A from START + * to END, separated by SEP. + */ +static char * +array_to_string_internal (start, end, sep, quoted) +ARRAY_ELEMENT *start, *end; +char *sep; +int quoted; +{ + char *result, *t; + ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae; + int slen, rsize, rlen, reg; + + if (start == end) /* XXX - should not happen */ + return ((char *)NULL); + + slen = strlen(sep); + result = NULL; + for (rsize = rlen = 0, ae = start; ae != end; ae = element_forw(ae)) { + if (rsize == 0) + result = (char *)xmalloc (rsize = 64); + if (element_value(ae)) { + t = quoted ? quote_string(element_value(ae)) : element_value(ae); + reg = strlen(t); + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, rlen, (reg + slen + 2), + rsize, rsize); + strcpy(result + rlen, t); + rlen += reg; + if (quoted && t) + free(t); + /* + * Add a separator only after non-null elements. + */ + if (element_forw(ae) != end) { + strcpy(result + rlen, sep); + rlen += slen; + } + } + } + if (result) + result[rlen] = '\0'; /* XXX */ + return(result); +} + +char * +array_to_assign (a, quoted) +ARRAY *a; +int quoted; +{ + char *result, *valstr, *is; + char indstr[INT_STRLEN_BOUND(intmax_t) + 1]; + ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae; + int rsize, rlen, elen; + + if (a == 0 || array_empty (a)) + return((char *)NULL); + + result = (char *)xmalloc (rsize = 128); + result[0] = '('; + rlen = 1; + + for (ae = element_forw(a->head); ae != a->head; ae = element_forw(ae)) { + is = inttostr (element_index(ae), indstr, sizeof(indstr)); + valstr = element_value (ae) ? sh_double_quote (element_value(ae)) + : (char *)NULL; + elen = STRLEN (indstr) + 8 + STRLEN (valstr); + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, rlen, (elen + 1), rsize, rsize); + + result[rlen++] = '['; + strcpy (result + rlen, is); + rlen += STRLEN (is); + result[rlen++] = ']'; + result[rlen++] = '='; + if (valstr) { + strcpy (result + rlen, valstr); + rlen += STRLEN (valstr); + } + + if (element_forw(ae) != a->head) + result[rlen++] = ' '; + + FREE (valstr); + } + RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, rlen, 1, rsize, 8); + result[rlen++] = ')'; + result[rlen] = '\0'; + if (quoted) { + /* This is not as efficient as it could be... */ + valstr = sh_single_quote (result); + free (result); + result = valstr; + } + return(result); +} + +char * +array_to_string (a, sep, quoted) +ARRAY *a; +char *sep; +int quoted; +{ + if (a == 0) + return((char *)NULL); + if (array_empty(a)) + return(savestring("")); + return (array_to_string_internal (element_forw(a->head), a->head, sep, quoted)); +} + +#if defined (INCLUDE_UNUSED) || defined (TEST_ARRAY) +/* + * Return an array consisting of elements in S, separated by SEP + */ +ARRAY * +array_from_string(s, sep) +char *s, *sep; +{ + ARRAY *a; + WORD_LIST *w; + + if (s == 0) + return((ARRAY *)NULL); + w = list_string (s, sep, 0); + if (w == 0) + return((ARRAY *)NULL); + a = array_from_word_list (w); + return (a); +} +#endif + +#if defined (TEST_ARRAY) +/* + * To make a running version, compile -DTEST_ARRAY and link with: + * xmalloc.o syntax.o lib/malloc/libmalloc.a lib/sh/libsh.a + */ +int interrupt_immediately = 0; + +int +signal_is_trapped(s) +int s; +{ + return 0; +} + +void +fatal_error(const char *s, ...) +{ + fprintf(stderr, "array_test: fatal memory error\n"); + abort(); +} + +void +programming_error(const char *s, ...) +{ + fprintf(stderr, "array_test: fatal programming error\n"); + abort(); +} + +WORD_DESC * +make_bare_word (s) +const char *s; +{ + WORD_DESC *w; + + w = (WORD_DESC *)xmalloc(sizeof(WORD_DESC)); + w->word = s ? savestring(s) : savestring (""); + w->flags = 0; + return w; +} + +WORD_LIST * +make_word_list(x, l) +WORD_DESC *x; +WORD_LIST *l; +{ + WORD_LIST *w; + + w = (WORD_LIST *)xmalloc(sizeof(WORD_LIST)); + w->word = x; + w->next = l; + return w; +} + +WORD_LIST * +list_string(s, t, i) +char *s, *t; +int i; +{ + char *r, *a; + WORD_LIST *wl; + + if (s == 0) + return (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + r = savestring(s); + wl = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; + a = strtok(r, t); + while (a) { + wl = make_word_list (make_bare_word(a), wl); + a = strtok((char *)NULL, t); + } + return (REVERSE_LIST (wl, WORD_LIST *)); +} + +GENERIC_LIST * +list_reverse (list) +GENERIC_LIST *list; +{ + register GENERIC_LIST *next, *prev; + + for (prev = 0; list; ) { + next = list->next; + list->next = prev; + prev = list; + list = next; + } + return prev; +} + +char * +pat_subst(s, t, u, i) +char *s, *t, *u; +int i; +{ + return ((char *)NULL); +} + +char * +quote_string(s) +char *s; +{ + return savestring(s); +} + +print_element(ae) +ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae; +{ + char lbuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (intmax_t) + 1]; + + printf("array[%s] = %s\n", + inttostr (element_index(ae), lbuf, sizeof (lbuf)), + element_value(ae)); +} + +print_array(a) +ARRAY *a; +{ + printf("\n"); + array_walk(a, print_element, (void *)NULL); +} + +main() +{ + ARRAY *a, *new_a, *copy_of_a; + ARRAY_ELEMENT *ae, *aew; + char *s; + + a = array_create(); + array_insert(a, 1, "one"); + array_insert(a, 7, "seven"); + array_insert(a, 4, "four"); + array_insert(a, 1029, "one thousand twenty-nine"); + array_insert(a, 12, "twelve"); + array_insert(a, 42, "forty-two"); + print_array(a); + s = array_to_string (a, " ", 0); + printf("s = %s\n", s); + copy_of_a = array_from_string(s, " "); + printf("copy_of_a:"); + print_array(copy_of_a); + array_dispose(copy_of_a); + printf("\n"); + free(s); + ae = array_remove(a, 4); + array_dispose_element(ae); + ae = array_remove(a, 1029); + array_dispose_element(ae); + array_insert(a, 16, "sixteen"); + print_array(a); + s = array_to_string (a, " ", 0); + printf("s = %s\n", s); + copy_of_a = array_from_string(s, " "); + printf("copy_of_a:"); + print_array(copy_of_a); + array_dispose(copy_of_a); + printf("\n"); + free(s); + array_insert(a, 2, "two"); + array_insert(a, 1029, "new one thousand twenty-nine"); + array_insert(a, 0, "zero"); + array_insert(a, 134, ""); + print_array(a); + s = array_to_string (a, ":", 0); + printf("s = %s\n", s); + copy_of_a = array_from_string(s, ":"); + printf("copy_of_a:"); + print_array(copy_of_a); + array_dispose(copy_of_a); + printf("\n"); + free(s); + new_a = array_copy(a); + print_array(new_a); + s = array_to_string (new_a, ":", 0); + printf("s = %s\n", s); + copy_of_a = array_from_string(s, ":"); + free(s); + printf("copy_of_a:"); + print_array(copy_of_a); + array_shift(copy_of_a, 2, AS_DISPOSE); + printf("copy_of_a shifted by two:"); + print_array(copy_of_a); + ae = array_shift(copy_of_a, 2, 0); + printf("copy_of_a shifted by two:"); + print_array(copy_of_a); + for ( ; ae; ) { + aew = element_forw(ae); + array_dispose_element(ae); + ae = aew; + } + array_rshift(copy_of_a, 1, (char *)0); + printf("copy_of_a rshift by 1:"); + print_array(copy_of_a); + array_rshift(copy_of_a, 2, "new element zero"); + printf("copy_of_a rshift again by 2 with new element zero:"); + print_array(copy_of_a); + s = array_to_assign(copy_of_a, 0); + printf("copy_of_a=%s\n", s); + free(s); + ae = array_shift(copy_of_a, array_num_elements(copy_of_a), 0); + for ( ; ae; ) { + aew = element_forw(ae); + array_dispose_element(ae); + ae = aew; + } + array_dispose(copy_of_a); + printf("\n"); + array_dispose(a); + array_dispose(new_a); +} + +#endif /* TEST_ARRAY */ +#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */ diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0 index ee805e78d..585ef15f8 100644 --- a/doc/bash.0 +++ b/doc/bash.0 @@ -183,13 +183,15 @@ IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN executed from the file whose name is the expanded value. No other startup files are read. - BBaasshh attempts to determine when it is being run by the remote shell - daemon, usually _r_s_h_d. If bbaasshh determines it is being run by _r_s_h_d, it - reads and executes commands from _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c, if that file exists and is - readable. It will not do this if invoked as sshh. The ----nnoorrcc option may - be used to inhibit this behavior, and the ----rrccffiillee option may be used - to force another file to be read, but _r_s_h_d does not generally invoke - the shell with those options or allow them to be specified. + BBaasshh attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input + connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell daemon, + usually _r_s_h_d, or the secure shell daemon _s_s_h_d. If bbaasshh determines it + is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands from + _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c, if that file exists and is readable. It will not do this if + invoked as sshh. The ----nnoorrcc option may be used to inhibit this behavior, + and the ----rrccffiillee option may be used to force another file to be read, + but _r_s_h_d does not generally invoke the shell with those options or + allow them to be specified. If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not supplied, no startup @@ -684,41 +686,42 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files corresponding to each member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE. $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}} is the line number in the source file where - $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i_f_P]]}} _w_a_s _c_a_l_l_e_d_. _T_h_e _c_o_r_r_e_s_p_o_n_d_i_n_g _s_o_u_r_c_e _f_i_l_e - _n_a_m_e _i_s $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}}.. UUssee LLIINNEENNOO ttoo oobbttaaiinn tthhee ccuurrrreenntt - lliinnee nnuummbbeerr.. + $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called (or $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if refer- + enced within another shell function). The corresponding source + file name is $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}}.. UUssee LLIINNEENNOO ttoo oobbttaaiinn tthhee ccuurr-- + rreenntt lliinnee nnuummbbeerr.. BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH - An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary - operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index - 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular - expression. The element with index _n is the portion of the + An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary + operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index + 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular + expression. The element with index _n is the portion of the string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression. This vari- able is read-only. BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE - An array variable whose members are the source filenames corre- + An array variable whose members are the source filenames corre- sponding to the elements in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array variable. BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL - Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment + Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned. The initial value is 0. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO A readonly array variable whose members hold version information - for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array + for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array members are as follows: - BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[0]] The major version number (the _r_e_l_e_a_s_e). - BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[1]] The minor version number (the _v_e_r_s_i_o_n). + BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[0]] The major version number (the _r_e_l_e_a_s_e). + BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[1]] The minor version number (the _v_e_r_s_i_o_n). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[2]] The patch level. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[3]] The build version. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[4]] The release status (e.g., _b_e_t_a_1). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[5]] The value of MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIIOONN - Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of + Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of bbaasshh. CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current + An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current cursor position. This variable is available only in shell func- - tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see + tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY @@ -726,116 +729,116 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS rent completion function. CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE - The current command line. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- - grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn + The current command line. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- + grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT - The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- - ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is + The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- + ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is - equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- - grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn + equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- + grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE - Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion - attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, - for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- - sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- - tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or - _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- - grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn + Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion + attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, + for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- + sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- + tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or + _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro- + grammable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word - separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word + separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS + is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- - ual words in the current command line. The words are split on - shell metacharacters as the shell parser would separate them. - This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- + ual words in the current command line. The words are split on + shell metacharacters as the shell parser would separate them. + This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommppllee-- ttiioonn below). DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing the current con- - tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack - in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning + tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack + in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo- - ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must + ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must be used to add and remove directories. Assignment to this vari- - able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is - unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is + unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. - EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- + EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE - An array variable containing the names of all shell functions + An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot- - tom-most element is "main". This variable exists only when a - shell function is executing. Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no - effect and return an error status. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, it - loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. - - GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the - current user is a member. Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect - and return an error status. If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its + tom-most element is "main". This variable exists only when a + shell function is executing. Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no + effect and return an error status. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, it + loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. + + GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the + current user is a member. Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect + and return an error status. If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHIISSTTCCMMDD The history number, or index in the history list, of the current - command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, + command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHOOSSTTNNAAMMEE Automatically set to the name of the current host. HHOOSSTTTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type - of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- + Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type + of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- dependent. - LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a - decimal number representing the current sequential line number - (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a - script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to + LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a + decimal number representing the current sequential line number + (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a + script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful. If LLIINNEENNOO is unset, it loses its special proper- ties, even if it is subsequently reset. MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system - type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- + Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system + type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- _p_a_n_y_-_s_y_s_t_e_m format. The default is system-dependent. OOLLDDPPWWDD The previous working directory as set by the ccdd command. - OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- - tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- + OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- + tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- dent. PPIIPPEESSTTAATTUUSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit - status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit + status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command). - PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- + PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- only. PPWWDD The current working directory as set by the ccdd command. @@ -843,27 +846,27 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS RRAANNDDOOMM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between 0 and 32767 is generated. The sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM. If RRAANNDDOOMM is unset, - it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently + it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. - RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when + RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when no arguments are supplied. SSEECCOONNDDSS - Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds - since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to - SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the - number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. + Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds + since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to + SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the + number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. If SSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS - A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in - the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett + A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in + the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The options - appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If - this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each - shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any + appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If + this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each + shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. SSHHLLVVLL Incremented by one each time an instance of bbaasshh is started. @@ -871,204 +874,204 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS UUIIDD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. - The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, bbaasshh + The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, bbaasshh assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below. BBAASSHH__EENNVV - If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, - its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to + If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, + its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to initialize the shell, as in _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c. The value of BBAASSHH__EENNVV is - subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and - arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a file name. + subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and + arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a file name. PPAATTHH is not used to search for the resultant file name. - CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated - list of directories in which the shell looks for destination - directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is + CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated + list of directories in which the shell looks for destination + directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is ".:~:/usr". CCOOLLUUMMNNSS - Used by the sseelleecctt builtin command to determine the terminal - width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon + Used by the sseelleecctt builtin command to determine the terminal + width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH. CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY An array variable from which bbaasshh reads the possible completions - generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- + generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- pletion facility (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). - EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell - starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in + EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell + starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in an emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. FFCCEEDDIITT The default editor for the ffcc builtin command. FFIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing + A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). A filename whose suf- - fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the + fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~". GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a filename matched by a - pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in + pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE, it is removed from the list of matches. HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL - A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are - saved on the history list. If the list of values includes - _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not - saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines + A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are + saved on the history list. If the list of values includes + _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not + saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_b_o_t_h is shorthand for _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e and _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s. A value of _e_r_a_s_e_d_u_p_s causes all previous lines matching the current line - to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. - Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is - unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the + to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. + Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is + unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value - of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line - compound command are not tested, and are added to the history + of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line + compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. HHIISSTTFFIILLEE The name of the file in which command history is saved (see HHIISS-- - TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, - the command history is not saved when an interactive shell + TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, + the command history is not saved when an interactive shell exits. HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When - this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- - cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain - no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500. + this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- + cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain + no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500. The history file is also truncated to this size after writing it when an interactive shell exits. HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command - lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is - anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- - plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is - tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- - TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern + A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command + lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is + anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- + plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is + tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- + TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `&&' matches the previous history line. `&&' - may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed + may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - The number of commands to remember in the command history (see + The number of commands to remember in the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below). The default value is 500. HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a + If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to print the time stamp associated - with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If - this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history - file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses - the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from + with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If + this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history + file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses + the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. HHOOMMEE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the ccdd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion. HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE - Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s + Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. - The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while - the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is - attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of - the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has + The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while + the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is + attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of + the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has no value, bbaasshh attempts to read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of - possible hostname completions. When HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is unset, the + possible hostname completions. When HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is unset, the hostname list is cleared. - IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting - after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd + IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting + after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd builtin command. The default value is ``''. IIGGNNOORREEEEOOFF Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an EEOOFF character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of - consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first - characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable - exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the - default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the + consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first + characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable + exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the + default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the end of input to the shell. IINNPPUUTTRRCC - The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the + The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the default of _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). - LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not + LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with LLCC__. - LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ + LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ variable specifying a locale category. LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE - This variable determines the collation order used when sorting - the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior - of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating + This variable determines the collation order used when sorting + the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior + of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__CCTTYYPPEE - This variable determines the interpretation of characters and - the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and + This variable determines the interpretation of characters and + the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and pattern matching. LLCC__MMEESSSSAAGGEESS - This variable determines the locale used to translate double- + This variable determines the locale used to translate double- quoted strings preceded by a $$. LLCC__NNUUMMEERRIICC - This variable determines the locale category used for number + This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting. - LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt builtin command to determine the column - length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon + LLIINNEESS Used by the sseelleecctt builtin command to determine the column + length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH. - MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file name and the MMAAIILLPPAATTHH vari- + MMAAIILL If this parameter is set to a file name and the MMAAIILLPPAATTHH vari- able is not set, bbaasshh informs the user of the arrival of mail in the specified file. MMAAIILLCCHHEECCKK - Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The - default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the - shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this - variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number + Specifies how often (in seconds) bbaasshh checks for mail. The + default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the + shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this + variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking. MMAAIILLPPAATTHH - A colon-separated list of file names to be checked for mail. + A colon-separated list of file names to be checked for mail. The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file - may be specified by separating the file name from the message + may be specified by separating the file name from the message with a `?'. When used in the text of the message, $$__ expands to the name of the current mailfile. Example: MMAAIILLPPAATTHH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"' - BBaasshh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca- - tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent + BBaasshh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca- + tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /var/mail/$$UUSSEERR). OOPPTTEERRRR If set to the value 1, bbaasshh displays error messages generated by - the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a + the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). + OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell script is executed. - PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of - directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD - EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the + PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of + directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD + EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of PPAATTHH indicates the current directory. A null directory - name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or - trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is - set by the administrator who installs bbaasshh. A common value is + name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or + trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is + set by the administrator who installs bbaasshh. A common value is ``/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin''. PPOOSSIIXXLLYY__CCOORRRREECCTT - If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the - shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if - the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set - while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the + If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the + shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if + the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set + while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the command _s_e_t _-_o _p_o_s_i_x had been executed. PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDD If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt. - PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is + PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is ``\\ss--\\vv\\$$ ''. - PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as + PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>> ''. PPSS33 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the sseelleecctt command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). - PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the - value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an - execution trace. The first character of PPSS44 is replicated mul- - tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi- + PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the + value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an + execution trace. The first character of PPSS44 is replicated mul- + tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi- rection. The default is ``++ ''. SSHHEELLLL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari- - able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to + able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- - ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the - ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- - duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or - other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are + The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- + ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the + ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- + duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or + other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the braces denote optional portions. %%%% A literal %%. %%[[_p]][[ll]]RR The elapsed time in seconds. @@ -1076,169 +1079,169 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS %%[[_p]][[ll]]SS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode. %%PP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R. - The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number + The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places - after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater - than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is + after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater + than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is used. - The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of - the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not + The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of + the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not the fraction is included. - If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value - $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss%%33llSS''. If the value is null, no - timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added + If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value + $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss%%33llSS''. If the value is null, no + timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. - TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the + TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the default timeout for the rreeaadd builtin. The sseelleecctt command termi- nates if input does not arrive after TTMMOOUUTT seconds when input is - coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is - interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after - issuing the primary prompt. BBaasshh terminates after waiting for + coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is + interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after + issuing the primary prompt. BBaasshh terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if input does not arrive. - TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, BBaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which + TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, BBaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which BBaasshh creates temporary files for the shell's use. aauuttoo__rreessuummee This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and - job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- + job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump- tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; - if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, - the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a - stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start - it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match - the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the - string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a - stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- - gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set - to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a + if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, + the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a + stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start + it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match + the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the + string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a + stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- + gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set + to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the %%_s_t_r_i_n_g job identifier. hhiissttcchhaarrss - The two or three characters which control history expansion and + The two or three characters which control history expansion and tokenization (see HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below). The first character - is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals - the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second - character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as - shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- - tuting one string for another in the command. The default is - `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- - cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as - the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- + is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals + the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second + character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as + shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- + tuting one string for another in the command. The default is + `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- + cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as + the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the - remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the + remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. AArrrraayyss - BBaasshh provides one-dimensional array variables. Any variable may be + BBaasshh provides one-dimensional array variables. Any variable may be used as an array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will explicitly declare an array. - There is no maximum limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement - that members be indexed or assigned contiguously. Arrays are indexed + There is no maximum limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement + that members be indexed or assigned contiguously. Arrays are indexed using integers and are zero-based. - An array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using - the syntax _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e. The _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is treated as an - arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number greater than or - equal to zero. To explicitly declare an array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e + An array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using + the syntax _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e. The _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is treated as an + arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number greater than or + equal to zero. To explicitly declare an array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ignored. Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the ddeeccllaarree and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array. - Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form - _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- + Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form + _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Only _s_t_r_i_n_g is required. If the optional brackets and - subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index - of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement - plus one. Indexing starts at zero. This syntax is also accepted by - the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to + subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index + of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement + plus one. Indexing starts at zero. This syntax is also accepted by + the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax introduced above. - Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. + Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If - _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These - subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If + _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These + subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted, ${_n_a_m_e[*]} expands to a single word with the - value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS + value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable, and ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands each element of _n_a_m_e to a sep- - arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to - nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the - expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of - the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined - with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the - expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- - ments in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript + arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to + nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the + expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of + the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined + with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the + expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss + above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- + ments in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to referencing element zero. - The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] - destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t. Care must be taken to + The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] + destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t. Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename generation. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, - where _n_a_m_e is an array, or uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** + where _n_a_m_e is an array, or uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, removes the entire array. - The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to - specify an array. The rreeaadd builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a - list of words read from the standard input to an array. The sseett and - ddeeccllaarree builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be + The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to + specify an array. The rreeaadd builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a + list of words read from the standard input to an array. The sseett and + ddeeccllaarree builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into - words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, - _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- + words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, + _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- _t_i_o_n, _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, and _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. - The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame- - ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done + The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame- + ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname expansion. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail- able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change - the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single - word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions + the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single + word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}" as explained above (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS). BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener- - ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- + ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by either a series of comma-sep- - arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- - lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each + arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- + lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. - Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string - are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, + Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string + are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{{d,c,b}}e expands into `ade ace abe'. - A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y}}, where _x and _y are either + A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y}}, where _x and _y are either integers or single characters. When integers are supplied, the expres- - sion expands to each number between _x and _y, inclusive. When charac- - ters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexico- + sion expands to each number between _x and _y, inclusive. When charac- + ters are supplied, the expression expands to each character lexico- graphically between _x and _y, inclusive. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char- - acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is - strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to + acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is + strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. - A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and - closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence - expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. + A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and + closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence + expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered - part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- + part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion. This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of @@ -1248,36 +1251,36 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} - Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical - versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially - when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. - BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. - For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in - the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by - bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the + Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical + versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially + when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. + BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. + For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in + the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by + bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the ++BB option or disable brace expansion with the ++BB option to the sseett com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). TTiillddee EExxppaannssiioonn - If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the - characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if - there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of - the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the - tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. - If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the - value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- - tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- - wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated + If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the + characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if + there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of + the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the + tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. + If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the + value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- + tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- + wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated with the specified login name. - If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD + If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of - the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- - acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, - optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced + the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- + acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, + optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the ddiirrss builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu- - ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- + ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed. If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is @@ -1285,149 +1288,149 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi- ately following a :: or the first ==. In these cases, tilde expansion is - also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in - assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the + also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in + assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the expanded value. PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn The `$$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, - or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded - may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the - variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which + or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded + may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the + variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. - When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not - escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an + When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not + escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expansion. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required - when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one + The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required + when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as part of its name. If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point, a level of - variable indirection is introduced. BBaasshh uses the value of the vari- - able formed from the rest of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the name of the variable; - this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of - the substitution, rather than the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This is + variable indirection is introduced. BBaasshh uses the value of the vari- + able formed from the rest of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the name of the variable; + this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of + the substitution, rather than the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The exceptions to this are the expansions - of ${!_p_r_e_f_i_x*} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point - must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec- + of ${!_p_r_e_f_i_x*} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point + must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec- tion. In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expansion, parame- - ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. When - not performing substring expansion, bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is - unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a parame- + ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. When + not performing substring expansion, bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is + unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a parame- ter that is unset. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::--_w_o_r_d} - UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- + sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::==_w_o_r_d} - AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the + AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special + _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to in this way. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::??_w_o_r_d} - DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, - the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is - not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if + DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, + the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is + not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::++_w_o_r_d} - UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is + UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t::_l_e_n_g_t_h} - SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn.. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t. If - _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r start- + SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn.. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t. If + _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r start- ing at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are - arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). - _l_e_n_g_t_h must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero. - If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is - used as an offset from the end of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters + arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). + _l_e_n_g_t_h must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero. + If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is + used as an offset from the end of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array name indexed by @ - or *, the result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning - with ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative - to one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. - Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by - at least one space to avoid being confused with the :- expan- - sion. Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional - parameters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by - default. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are + or *, the result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning + with ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative + to one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. + Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by + at least one space to avoid being confused with the :- expan- + sion. Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional + parameters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by + default. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $$00 is prefixed to the list. ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x@@} Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with _p_r_e_f_i_x, - separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable. - When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, + separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable. + When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate word. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} - If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to the list of array - indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is not an array, - expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. When _@ is used + If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to the list of array + indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is not an array, + expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word. ${##_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - The length in characters of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substi- - tuted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value substituted is the - number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array name - subscripted by ** or @@, the value substituted is the number of + The length in characters of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substi- + tuted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value substituted is the + number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array name + subscripted by ** or @@, the value substituted is the number of elements in the array. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r####_w_o_r_d} - The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname + The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches the beginning of the value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the expansion is the expanded + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern removal operation is applied - to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the - resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted - with @@ or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each - member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the + resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted + with @@ or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each + member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%%%_w_o_r_d} - The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname - expansion. If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the + The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname + expansion. If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the expansion is - the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pat- - tern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the - ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern - removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in - turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is - an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal - operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and + the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest matching pat- + tern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the + ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the pattern + removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in + turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is + an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern removal + operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname - expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and the longest match of _p_a_t_- - _t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. - Normally only the first match is replaced. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins - with ##, it must match at the beginning of the expanded value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with %%, it must match at the end - of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches - of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // following _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omit- - ted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution operation is - applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion - is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable sub- - scripted with @@ or **, the substitution operation is applied to - each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the + expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and the longest match of _p_a_t_- + _t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. + Normally only the first match is replaced. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins + with ##, it must match at the beginning of the expanded value of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with %%, it must match at the end + of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches + of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // following _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omit- + ted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution operation is + applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion + is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable sub- + scripted with @@ or **, the substitution operation is applied to + each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. CCoommmmaanndd SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn @@ -1440,155 +1443,155 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ``_c_o_m_m_a_n_d`` BBaasshh performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d and replacing the com- - mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any + mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they - may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $$((ccaatt + may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $$((<< _f_i_l_e)). - When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash - retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The + When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash + retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub- - stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the + stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes. - If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and + If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the results. AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn - Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression - and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- + Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression + and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- sion is: $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)))) - The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a - double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All + The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a + double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, string expansion, - command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be + command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be nested. - The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under + The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bbaasshh prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. PPrroocceessss SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn - _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n is supported on systems that support named pipes - (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. It takes the form - of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The process _l_i_s_t is run with its input or out- + _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n is supported on systems that support named pipes + (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. It takes the form + of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The process _l_i_s_t is run with its input or out- put connected to a _F_I_F_O or some file in //ddeevv//ffdd. The name of this file - is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the - expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, writing to the file will pro- - vide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, the file passed as + is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the + expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, writing to the file will pro- + vide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t. - When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with - parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with + parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg - The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes + The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g. - The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the + The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the results of the other expansions into words on these characters. If IIFFSS - is unset, or its value is exactly <><><>, the default, - then sequences of <>, <>, and <> at the beginning and - end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any - sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the beginning or end serves to - delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other than the default, then + is unset, or its value is exactly <><><>, the default, + then sequences of <>, <>, and <> at the beginning and + end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any + sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the beginning or end serves to + delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee and ttaabb are ignored at the - beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is - in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character). Any character in - IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace - characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters - is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word + beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is + in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS whitespace character). Any character in + IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace + characters, delimits a field. A sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters + is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. - Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained. Unquoted implicit + Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no - values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within + values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument results and is retained. Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn - After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans - each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters - appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an - alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no - matching file names are found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is dis- - abled, the word is left unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and - no matches are found, the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell - option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed - and the command is not executed. If the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is - enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- - betic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the - character ````..'''' at the start of a name or immediately following a - slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is - set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be - matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' character is not - treated specially. See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiill-- + After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans + each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters + appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an + alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no + matching file names are found, and the shell option nnuullllgglloobb is dis- + abled, the word is left unchanged. If the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and + no matches are found, the word is removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell + option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed + and the command is not executed. If the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is + enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha- + betic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the + character ````..'''' at the start of a name or immediately following a + slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is + set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be + matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' character is not + treated specially. See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullllgglloobb, ffaaiill-- gglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. - The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file - names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file - name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed + The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file + names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching file + name that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed from the list of matches. The file names ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always - ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGG-- - NNOORREE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell + ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGG-- + NNOORREE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other file names beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To - get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a ````..'''', - make ````..**'''' one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is + get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a ````..'''', + make ````..**'''' one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is unset. PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern - characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not - occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the - escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern + characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not + occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the + escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: ** Matches any string, including the null string. ?? Matches any single character. - [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of charac- + [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of charac- ters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n; any char- - acter that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, using - the current locale's collating sequence and character set, is - matched. If the first character following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ - then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order - of characters in range expressions is determined by the current - locale and the value of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE shell variable, if set. - A -- may be matched by including it as the first or last charac- + acter that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, using + the current locale's collating sequence and character set, is + matched. If the first character following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ + then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order + of characters in range expressions is determined by the current + locale and the value of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE shell variable, if set. + A -- may be matched by including it as the first or last charac- ter in the set. A ]] may be matched by including it as the first character in the set. - Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using the - syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following classes + Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using the + syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following classes defined in the POSIX standard: - aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt ppuunncctt + aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt ppuunncctt ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt A character class matches any character belonging to that class. - The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, and the char- + The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, and the char- acter _. - Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified using the - syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with the same colla- - tion weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character + Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified using the + syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with the same colla- + tion weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character _c. Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collating sym- bol _s_y_m_b_o_l. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, several - extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following + extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following description, a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t is a list of one or more patterns separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol- lowing sub-patterns: @@ -1606,48 +1609,48 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN QQuuoottee RReemmoovvaall After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac- - ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions + ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed. RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d - using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may - also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution + Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d + using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may + also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution environment. The following redirection operators may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may follow a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. - In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- - ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- - direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the - first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection + In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- + ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- + direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the + first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). - The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- - tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde + The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- + tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expan- - sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it + sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it expands to more than one word, bbaasshh reports an error. - Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the + Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls >> dirlist 2>>&&1 - directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, + directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, while the command ls 2>>&&1 >> dirlist - directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard - error was duplicated as standard output before the standard output was + directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard + error was duplicated as standard output before the standard output was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec- tions, as described in the following table: //ddeevv//ffdd//_f_d - If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- + If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- cated. //ddeevv//ssttddiinn File descriptor 0 is duplicated. @@ -1657,22 +1660,22 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN File descriptor 2 is duplicated. //ddeevv//ttccpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding socket. //ddeevv//uuddpp//_h_o_s_t//_p_o_r_t If _h_o_s_t is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _p_o_r_t - is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts + is an integer port number or service name, bbaasshh attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding socket. A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail. - Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with - care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- + Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with + care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter- nally. RReeddiirreeccttiinngg IInnppuutt Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the + sion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for reading on file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. The general format for redirecting input is: @@ -1680,27 +1683,27 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<_w_o_r_d RReeddiirreeccttiinngg OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the + Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for writing on file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file - does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero + does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero size. The general format for redirecting output is: [_n]>>_w_o_r_d - If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett - builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose - name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. + If the redirection operator is >>, and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett + builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose + name results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d exists and is a regular file. If the redirection operator is >>||, or the redirection operator is >> and the nnoocclloobbbbeerr option to the sseett builtin command is not enabled, the re- direction is attempted even if the file named by _w_o_r_d exists. AAppppeennddiinngg RReeddiirreecctteedd OOuuttppuutt - Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name - results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file - descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not + Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name + results from the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for appending on file + descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created. The general format for appending output is: @@ -1709,11 +1712,11 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN RReeddiirreeccttiinngg SSttaannddaarrdd OOuuttppuutt aanndd SSttaannddaarrdd EErrrroorr - BBaasshh allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the stan- - dard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file + BBaasshh allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and the stan- + dard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d with this construct. - There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard + There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard error: &&>>_w_o_r_d @@ -1726,9 +1729,9 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN >>_w_o_r_d 2>>&&1 HHeerree DDooccuummeennttss - This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the - current source until a line containing only _w_o_r_d (with no trailing - blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used + This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the + current source until a line containing only _w_o_r_d (with no trailing + blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard input for a command. The format of here-documents is: @@ -1737,18 +1740,18 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN _h_e_r_e_-_d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r - No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or + No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _w_o_r_d. If any characters in _w_o_r_d are - quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, and the - lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is unquoted, all - lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the - character sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote + quoted, the _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r is the result of quote removal on _w_o_r_d, and the + lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _w_o_r_d is unquoted, all + lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com- + mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the + character sequence \\<> is ignored, and \\ must be used to quote the characters \\, $$, and ``. If the redirection operator is <<<<--, then all leading tab characters are - stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This - allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural + stripped from input lines and the line containing _d_e_l_i_m_i_t_e_r. This + allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural fashion. HHeerree SSttrriinnggss @@ -1764,20 +1767,20 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_w_o_r_d is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _w_o_r_d expands to one or - more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of - that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file - descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- - ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the + more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _n is made to be a copy of + that file descriptor. If the digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file + descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _w_o_r_d evalu- + ates to --, file descriptor _n is closed. If _n is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used. The operator [_n]>>&&_w_o_r_d - is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not - specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the - digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- - direction error occurs. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d + is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _n is not + specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the + digits in _w_o_r_d do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re- + direction error occurs. As a special case, if _n is omitted, and _w_o_r_d does not expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard error are redirected as described previously. @@ -1786,7 +1789,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if _n is not specified. _d_i_g_i_t is closed after being duplicated to _n. @@ -1794,7 +1797,7 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]>>&&_d_i_g_i_t-- - moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard + moves the file descriptor _d_i_g_i_t to file descriptor _n, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _n is not specified. OOppeenniinngg FFiillee DDeessccrriippttoorrss ffoorr RReeaaddiinngg aanndd WWrriittiinngg @@ -1802,108 +1805,108 @@ RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN [_n]<<>>_w_o_r_d - causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for - both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 + causes the file whose name is the expansion of _w_o_r_d to be opened for + both reading and writing on file descriptor _n, or on file descriptor 0 if _n is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created. AALLIIAASSEESS - _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as - the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of - aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin - commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each - simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If - so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, - $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters + _A_l_i_a_s_e_s allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as + the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of + aliases that may be set and unset with the aalliiaass and uunnaalliiaass builtin + commands (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The first word of each + simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If + so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters //, + $$, ``, and == and any of the shell _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s or quoting characters listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may - contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The - first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word - that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second - time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and - bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the - last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command + contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The + first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word + that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second + time. This means that one may alias llss to llss --FF, for instance, and + bbaasshh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the + last character of the alias value is a _b_l_a_n_k, then the next command word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion. Aliases are created and listed with the aalliiaass command, and removed with the uunnaalliiaass command. - There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If - arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS + There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If + arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS below). - Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the - eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of + Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the + eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess shell option is set using sshhoopptt (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat - confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input - before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are - expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, - an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does - not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands + The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat + confusing. BBaasshh always reads at least one complete line of input + before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are + expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, + an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does + not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new - alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. - Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the - function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- + alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. + Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the + function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com- pound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not - available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always - put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in com- + available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always + put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use aalliiaass in com- pound commands. For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions. FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS - A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, - stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a - shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands + A shell function, defined as described above under SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR, + stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a + shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed - in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to - interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). - When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the + in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to + interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script). + When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter ## is - updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 is unchanged. The - first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- - tion while the function is executing. All other aspects of the shell - execution environment are identical between a function and its caller + updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 is unchanged. The + first element of the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE variable is set to the name of the func- + tion while the function is executing. All other aspects of the shell + execution environment are identical between a function and its caller with the exception that the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps (see the description - of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inher- - ited unless the function has been given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the - description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell - option has been enabled with the sseett builtin (in which case all func- + of the ttrraapp builtin under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) are not inher- + ited unless the function has been given the ttrraaccee attribute (see the + description of the ddeeccllaarree builtin below) or the --oo ffuunnccttrraaccee shell + option has been enabled with the sseett builtin (in which case all func- tions inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps). - Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin + Variables local to the function may be declared with the llooccaall builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the function and its caller. - If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function - completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- - tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed + If the builtin command rreettuurrnn is executed in a function, the function + completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func- + tion call. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the - positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the + positional parameters and the special parameter ## are restored to the values they had prior to the function's execution. - Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the + Function names and definitions may be listed with the --ff option to the ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppeesseett builtin commands. The --FF option to ddeeccllaarree or ttyyppee-- - sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file - and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions - may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with - the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be - deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell + sseett will list the function names only (and optionally the source file + and line number, if the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled). Functions + may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with + the --ff option to the eexxppoorrtt builtin. A function definition may be + deleted using the --ff option to the uunnsseett builtin. Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple iden- - tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- + tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil- dren. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem. - Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of + Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of recursive calls. AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN - The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain - circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc - EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check - for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. - The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the - same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped - into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in + The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain + circumstances (see the lleett and ddeeccllaarree builtin commands and AArriitthhmmeettiicc + EExxppaannssiioonn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check + for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error. + The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the + same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped + into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence. _i_d++++ _i_d---- @@ -1931,39 +1934,39 @@ AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN _e_x_p_r_1 ,, _e_x_p_r_2 comma - Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- + Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per- formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell - variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter - expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to + variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter + expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax. - The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when - it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r + The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when + it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _i_n_t_e_g_e_r attribute using ddeeccllaarree --ii is assigned a value. A null value evaluates - to 0. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on + to 0. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on to be used in an expression. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading - 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form - [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing + 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form + [_b_a_s_e_#]n, where _b_a_s_e is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _n is a number in that base. If _b_a_s_e_# is omit- - ted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are represented - by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that - order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase + ted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are represented + by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that + order. If _b_a_s_e is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35. - Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in - parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules + Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in + parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules above. CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS - Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the - tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string - and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following - unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- + Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the + tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string + and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following + unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri- maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. If - the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, - _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, + the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, + _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked. Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym- @@ -2010,20 +2013,20 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS --SS _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket. --NN _f_i_l_e - True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last + True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last read. _f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 + True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1 does not. _f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2 - True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- + True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num- bers. --oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e - True if shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of - options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett + True if shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of + options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett builtin below. --zz _s_t_r_i_n_g True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero. @@ -2039,111 +2042,111 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS True if the strings are not equal. _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 << _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 - True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts before _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically in the + True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts before _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically in the current locale. _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 >> _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 - True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically in the + True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically in the current locale. _a_r_g_1 OOPP _a_r_g_2 - OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic - binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, - less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than - or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive + OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic + binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to, + less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than + or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive or negative integers. SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following + When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right. - 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments - (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved + 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments + (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later processing. - 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are - expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word - is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words + 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are + expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word + is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are the arguments. 3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN. 4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic - expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- + expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari- able. If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current - shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- - ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- - ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- + shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ- + ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi- + ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a + readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non- zero status. - If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not - affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the + If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not + affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the command to exit with a non-zero status. - If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as - described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- - sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command - is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If + If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as + described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan- + sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command + is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN - After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple - command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are + After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple + command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are taken. - If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate - it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is - invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a - function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If + If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate + it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is + invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a + function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that builtin is invoked. - If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no - slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- - taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to - remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL - BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is - performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the - search is unsuccessful, the shell prints an error message and returns + If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no + slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con- + taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to + remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL + BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is + performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the + search is unsuccessful, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit status of 127. - If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or + If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu- tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain- ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any. - If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, - and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a - file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. - This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new - shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that - the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below + If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format, + and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a + file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it. + This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new + shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that + the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child. - If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first - line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the + If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first + line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe- cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of - a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first - line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by + a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first + line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by the command arguments, if any. CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- + The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow- ing: - +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by + +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin - +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or + +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or inherited by the shell at invocation - +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from + +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from the shell's parent +o current traps set by ttrraapp @@ -2151,227 +2154,227 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN +o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the + +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment - +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- + +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com- mand-line arguments) or by sseett +o options enabled by sshhoopptt +o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass - +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the + +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value of $$$$, and the value of $$PPPPIIDD - When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be - executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- - sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- + When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be + executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con- + sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher- ited from the shell. - +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions + +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified by redirections to the command +o the current working directory +o the file creation mode mask - +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with + +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, passed in the environment +o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored - A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the + A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. - Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- + Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro- nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate - of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are + of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi- ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. - If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the - default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. - Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the + If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the + default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l. + Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling shell as modified by redirections. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT - When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the + When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e. - The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On + The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter - for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- - cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and - ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and + for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro- + cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and + ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi- - ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, - replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command - consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- - fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus + ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, + replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command + consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi- + fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands. - The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented - temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described + The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented + temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi- ronment seen by that command. - If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l - parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not + If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l + parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the - full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi- + When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the + full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi- ronment. EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status - has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero - exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal + has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero + exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status. - If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it - returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, + If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it + returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable, the return status is 126. If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection, the exit status is greater than zero. - Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and - non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins + Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and + non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage. - BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, - unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero + BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, + unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below. SSIIGGNNAALLSS - When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores + When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT - is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In - all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh + is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In + all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values - inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in - effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to - these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- + inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in + effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to + these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi- tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT-- TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP. - The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, - an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or + The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting, + an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the - SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular - job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin - (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP + SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular + job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin + (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP using ddiissoowwnn --hh. - If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a + If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. - If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for + If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com- - mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via - the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been + mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via + the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta- tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed. JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL - _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the + _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the execution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later - point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive + point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly by the system's terminal driver and bbaasshh. - The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of - currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. - When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a + The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of + currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command. + When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a line that looks like: [1] 25647 indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of - the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh + the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control. - To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, + To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control, the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard- - generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in - the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID + generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in + the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen- - erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or + erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or write to the terminal. Background processes which attempt to read from (write to) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal by the ter- minal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process. - If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, + If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control, bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ- ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to - be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d - character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped - when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be - returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, - using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command + be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d + character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped + when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be + returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job, + using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded. There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac- ter %% introduces a job name. Job number _n may be referred to as %%nn. A - job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start - it, or using a substring that appears in its command line. For exam- + job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to start + it, or using a substring that appears in its command line. For exam- ple, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix matches more than one - job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the other hand, refers to + job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command line. If the substring - matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. The symbols %%%% and - %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last - job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the back- - ground. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may be referenced using %%--. In output per- + matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. The symbols %%%% and + %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last + job stopped while it was in the foreground or started in the back- + ground. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may be referenced using %%--. In output per- taining to jobs (e.g., the output of the jjoobbss command), the current job - is always flagged with a ++, and the previous job with a --. A single % - (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the current + is always flagged with a ++, and the previous job with a --. A single % + (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the current job. - Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is - a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the - foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, + Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is + a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the + foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to ````bbgg %%11''''. - The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, + The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally, bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes - in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb + in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes - immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that + immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that exits. - If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the - cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- + If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the + cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run- ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option - is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may - then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is - made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another + is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may + then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is + made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when - it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it - needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh allows these prompt - strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped + it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it + needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh allows these prompt + strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows: \\aa an ASCII bell character (07) - \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May + \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26") \\DD{{_f_o_r_m_a_t}} - the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is - inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results + the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is + inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are required \\ee an ASCII escape character (033) @@ -2381,7 +2384,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\ll the basename of the shell's terminal device name \\nn newline \\rr carriage return - \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion + \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion following the final slash) \\tt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format \\TT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format @@ -2390,7 +2393,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\uu the username of the current user \\vv the version of bbaasshh (e.g., 2.00) \\VV the release of bbaasshh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0) - \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated + \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde \\WW the basename of the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated with a tilde @@ -2399,63 +2402,63 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG \\$$ if the effective UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$ \\_n_n_n the character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n \\\\ a backslash - \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could - be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the + \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could + be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt \\]] end a sequence of non-printing characters - The command number and the history number are usually different: the - history number of a command is its position in the history list, which - may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY - below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of - commands executed during the current shell session. After the string - is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of - the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command + The command number and the history number are usually different: the + history number of a command is its position in the history list, which + may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY + below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of + commands executed during the current shell session. After the string + is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of + the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RREEAADDLLIINNEE - This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- + This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac- tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation. By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs. A - vi-style line editing interface is also available. To turn off line - editing after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options + vi-style line editing interface is also available. To turn off line + editing after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the sseett builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes. - Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- - larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- - boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key + Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi- + larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key- + boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x - means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key + means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key while pressing the _x key.) Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which normally act as - a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument - that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that - acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to - act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments + a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument + that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that + acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to + act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted below. - When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved + When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a _k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text on the kill ring. RReeaaddlliinnee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn - Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file - (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of - the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is - _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, + Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file + (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of + the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is + _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are - set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline - initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a - ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- + set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline + initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a + ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con- structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings. - The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other + The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings. For example, placing @@ -2463,19 +2466,19 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE M-Control-u: universal-argument or C-Meta-u: universal-argument - into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- + into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_- _s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. - The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, + The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L, _E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B. - In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a + In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o). RReeaaddlliinnee KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss - The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. - All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro - and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- + The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple. + All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro + and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci- fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or _C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence. @@ -2486,15 +2489,15 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, - _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to - run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the + In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt, + _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to + run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text ``> output'' into the line). - In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs - from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may - be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU - Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but + In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs + from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may + be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU + Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names are not recognized. "\C-u": universal-argument @@ -2502,7 +2505,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt. - _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is + _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''. The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is @@ -2513,7 +2516,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\"" literal " \\'' literal ' - In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of + In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is available: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -2523,20 +2526,20 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE \\rr carriage return \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab - \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (one to three digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func- - tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above - are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro + tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above + are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, including " and '. - BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- - fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched - during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- + BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi- + fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched + during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). RReeaaddlliinnee VVaarriiaabblleess @@ -2546,44 +2549,44 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e - Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff - (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. - When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- + Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff + (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored. + When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen- sitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are equivalent to OOffff. The variables and their default values are: bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee)) - Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal + Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never rings the bell. If set to - vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If + vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If set to aauuddiibbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell. bbiinndd--ttttyy--ssppeecciiaall--cchhaarrss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters + If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read- line equivalents. ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn ((````##'''')) - The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt + The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt command is executed. This command is bound to MM--## in emacs mode and to ## in vi command mode. ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching and completion in a case-insensitive fashion. ccoommpplleettiioonn--qquueerryy--iitteemmss ((110000)) - This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- - ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- - ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than - or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is + This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num- + ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee-- + ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than + or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is - asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are + asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed on the terminal. ccoonnvveerrtt--mmeettaa ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and - prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the + prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion - characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been + characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss)) Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings sim- @@ -2591,111 +2594,111 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE vvii. eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff)) When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable the application key- - pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the + pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys. eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff)) - If set to oonn, tilde expansion is performed when readline + If set to oonn, tilde expansion is performed when readline attempts word completion. hhiissttoorryy--pprreesseerrvvee--ppooiinntt ((OOffff)) - If set to oonn, the history code attempts to place point at the - same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- + If set to oonn, the history code attempts to place point at the + same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss-- ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy. hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff)) - When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, + When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it - becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a + becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line. iinnppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it - will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), + If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it + will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads), regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss ((````CC--[[CC--JJ'''')) - The string of characters that should terminate an incremental - search without subsequently executing the character as a com- - mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- + The string of characters that should terminate an incremental + search without subsequently executing the character as a com- + mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac- ters _E_S_C and _C_-_J will terminate an incremental search. kkeeyymmaapp ((eemmaaccss)) - Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names - is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- - _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is - equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the + Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names + is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_- + _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default keymap. mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOnn)) If set to OOnn, completed directory names have a slash appended. mmaarrkk--mmooddiiffiieedd--lliinneess ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- + If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis- played with a preceding asterisk (**). mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOffff)) If set to OOnn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc- - tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of + tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess). mmaattcchh--hhiiddddeenn--ffiilleess ((OOnn)) - This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files - whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing - filename completion, unless the leading `.' is supplied by the + This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files + whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing + filename completion, unless the leading `.' is supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth + If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence. ppaaggee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((OOnn)) - If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- + If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis- play a screenful of possible completions at a time. pprriinntt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss--hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches - sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the + If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches + sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If set to oonn, words which have more than one possible completion - cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing + cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. sshhooww--aallll--iiff--uunnmmooddiiffiieedd ((OOffff)) - This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in + This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in a fashion similar to sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss. If set to oonn, words - which have more than one possible completion without any possi- - ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a - common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately + which have more than one possible completion without any possi- + ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a + common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. vviissiibbllee--ssttaattss ((OOffff)) - If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by - _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- + If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by + _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com- pletions. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoonnddiittiioonnaall CCoonnssttrruuccttss - Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional - compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings - and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There + Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional + compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings + and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There are four parser directives used. - $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- - ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using - readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; + $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit- + ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using + readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; no characters are required to isolate it. - mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test - whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be - used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for - instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and - _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in + mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test + whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be + used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for + instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and + _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in emacs mode. - tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific + tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the == is tested against the both full name of the ter- - minal and the portion of the terminal name before the - first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, + minal and the portion of the terminal name before the + first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d, for instance. aapppplliiccaattiioonn The aapppplliiccaattiioonn construct is used to include application- specific settings. Each program using the readline - library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization + library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization file can test for a particular value. This could be used - to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific - program. For instance, the following command adds a key - sequence that quotes the current or previous word in + to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific + program. For instance, the following command adds a key + sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: $$iiff Bash @@ -2710,51 +2713,51 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE test fails. $$iinncclluuddee - This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads - commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- + This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads + commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow- ing directive would read _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c: $$iinncclluuddee _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c SSeeaarrcchhiinngg - Readline provides commands for searching through the command history + Readline provides commands for searching through the command history (see HHIISSTTOORRYY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes: _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l and _n_o_n_-_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l. - Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the - search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- + Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the + search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read- line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed - so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as - needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in - the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an + so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as + needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in + the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the - Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. - Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original - line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the + Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search. + Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original + line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes the current line. - To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or - Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the - history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. - Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the - search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- + To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or + Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the + history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far. + Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the + search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi- nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control- - Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search + Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string, any remembered search string is used. - Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting - to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed + Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting + to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. RReeaaddlliinnee CCoommmmaanndd NNaammeess - The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default + The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom- panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip- - tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to - a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the + tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to + a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMoovviinngg @@ -2770,11 +2773,11 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--bb)) - Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words + Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits). cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll)) - Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the - screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without + Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the + screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the screen. rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee Refresh the current line. @@ -2782,132 +2785,132 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMaanniippuullaattiinngg tthhee HHiissttoorryy aacccceepptt--lliinnee ((NNeewwlliinnee,, RReettuurrnn)) Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line - is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state - of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history + is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state + of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history line, then restore the history line to its original state. pprreevviioouuss--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--pp)) Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in the list. nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--nn)) - Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in + Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the list. bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--<<)) Move to the first line in the history. eenndd--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM-->>)) - Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently + Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being entered. rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--rr)) - Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--ss)) - Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' - through the history as necessary. This is an incremental + Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' + through the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--pp)) Search backward through the history starting at the current line - using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the + using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--nn)) - Search forward through the history using a non-incremental + Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd - Search forward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + Search forward through the history for the string of characters + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd Search backward through the history for the string of characters - between the start of the current line and the point. This is a + between the start of the current line and the point. This is a non-incremental search. yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy)) - Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the + Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _n, - insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the - previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument + insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the + previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument inserts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once - the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the + the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the "!_n" history expansion had been specified. yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__)) - Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word - of the previous history entry). With an argument, behave - exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg - move back through the history list, inserting the last argument + Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word + of the previous history entry). With an argument, behave + exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg + move back through the history list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn. The history expansion facilities are used - to extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion + to extract the last argument, as if the "!$" history expansion had been specified. sshheellll--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--CC--ee)) Expand the line as the shell does. This performs alias and his- tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See - HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. + HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. hhiissttoorryy--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--^^)) - Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY + Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. mmaaggiicc--ssppaaccee - Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a + Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion. aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee - Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above + Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above for a description of alias expansion. hhiissttoorryy--aanndd--aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee Perform history and alias expansion on the current line. iinnsseerrtt--llaasstt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--..,, MM--__)) A synonym for yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg. ooppeerraattee--aanndd--ggeett--nneexxtt ((CC--oo)) - Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line - relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any + Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line + relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any argument is ignored. eeddiitt--aanndd--eexxeeccuuttee--ccoommmmaanndd ((CC--xxCC--ee)) - Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the - result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$FFCCEEDDIITT, + Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the + result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$FFCCEEDDIITT, $$EEDDIITTOORR, and _e_m_a_c_s as the editor, in that order. CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr CChhaannggiinngg TTeexxtt ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((CC--dd)) - Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of - the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last + Delete the character at point. If point is at the beginning of + the line, there are no characters in the line, and the last character typed was not bound to ddeelleettee--cchhaarr, then return EEOOFF. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((RRuubboouutt)) - Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric + Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring. ffoorrwwaarrdd--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr - Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at + Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur- sor is deleted. qquuootteedd--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--qq,, CC--vv)) - Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how + Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how to insert characters like CC--qq, for example. ttaabb--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--vv TTAABB)) Insert a tab character. sseellff--iinnsseerrtt ((aa,, bb,, AA,, 11,, !!,, ......)) Insert the character typed. ttrraannssppoossee--cchhaarrss ((CC--tt)) - Drag the character before point forward over the character at - point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of - the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. + Drag the character before point forward over the character at + point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of + the line, then this transposes the two characters before point. Negative arguments have no effect. ttrraannssppoossee--wwoorrddss ((MM--tt)) - Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving - point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the + Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving + point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line. uuppccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--uu)) - Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point. ddoowwnnccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--ll)) - Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative + Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point. ccaappiittaalliizzee--wwoorrdd ((MM--cc)) - Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative + Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point. oovveerrwwrriittee--mmooddee - Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- + Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu- ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects - only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call + only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call to _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_(_) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac- - ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than - pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- - wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a + ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than + pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk-- + wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound. KKiilllliinngg aanndd YYaannkkiinngg @@ -2916,24 +2919,24 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--xx RRuubboouutt)) Kill backward to the beginning of the line. uunniixx--lliinnee--ddiissccaarrdd ((CC--uu)) - Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The + Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. kkiillll--wwhhoollee--lliinnee - Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point + Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd)) - Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between - words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the + Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between + words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same as those used by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt)) - Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as + Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. uunniixx--wwoorrdd--rruubboouutt ((CC--ww)) - Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- + Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound- ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. uunniixx--ffiilleennaammee--rruubboouutt - Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash - character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on + Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash + character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. ddeelleettee--hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssppaaccee ((MM--\\)) Delete all spaces and tabs around point. @@ -2942,61 +2945,61 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE ccooppyy--rreeggiioonn--aass--kkiillll Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer. ccooppyy--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- + Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound- aries are the same as bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. ccooppyy--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd - Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word + Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word boundaries are the same as ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd. yyaannkk ((CC--yy)) Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. yyaannkk--ppoopp ((MM--yy)) - Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- + Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow- ing yyaannkk or yyaannkk--ppoopp. NNuummeerriicc AArrgguummeennttss ddiiggiitt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--00,, MM--11,, ......,, MM----)) - Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a + Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new argument. M-- starts a negative argument. uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt - This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is - followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus - sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- - lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the - numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, - if this command is immediately followed by a character that is - neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next - command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially - one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- + This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is + followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus + sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol- + lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the + numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, + if this command is immediately followed by a character that is + neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count for the next + command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially + one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu- ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen, and so on. CCoommpplleettiinngg ccoommpplleettee ((TTAABB)) - Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh + Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text - begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname - (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and + begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname + (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--??)) List the possible completions of the text before point. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--**)) - Insert all completions of the text before point that would have + Insert all completions of the text before point that would have been generated by ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee - Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with - a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated - execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible - completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the + Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with + a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated + execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible + completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee) and the original text is restored. An argument of _n - moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative - argument may be used to move backward through the list. This - command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by + moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative + argument may be used to move backward through the list. This + command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by default. ddeelleettee--cchhaarr--oorr--lliisstt - Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning - or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the + Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning + or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the line, behaves identically to ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. This command is unbound by default. ccoommpplleettee--ffiilleennaammee ((MM--//)) @@ -3005,197 +3008,197 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a filename. ccoommpplleettee--uusseerrnnaammee ((MM--~~)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a username. ppoossssiibbllee--uusseerrnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx ~~)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a username. ccoommpplleettee--vvaarriiaabbllee ((MM--$$)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ppoossssiibbllee--vvaarriiaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx $$)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a shell variable. ccoommpplleettee--hhoossttnnaammee ((MM--@@)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ppoossssiibbllee--hhoossttnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx @@)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a hostname. ccoommpplleettee--ccoommmmaanndd ((MM--!!)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a - command name. Command completion attempts to match the text - against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell + Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a + command name. Command completion attempts to match the text + against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order. ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommmmaanndd--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx !!)) List the possible completions of the text before point, treating it as a command name. ddyynnaammiicc--ccoommpplleettee--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--TTAABB)) - Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text - against lines from the history list for possible completion + Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text + against lines from the history list for possible completion matches. ccoommpplleettee--iinnttoo--bbrraacceess ((MM--{{)) Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com- - pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the + pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). KKeeyybbooaarrdd MMaaccrrooss ssttaarrtt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx (()) - Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard + Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. eenndd--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx )))) Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro and store the definition. ccaallll--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ee)) - Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- + Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char- acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee ((CC--xx CC--rr)) - Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any + Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any bindings or variable assignments found there. aabboorrtt ((CC--gg)) - Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell + Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee). ddoo--uuppppeerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--aa,, MM--bb,, MM--_x,, ......)) - If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the command that + If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC)) Metafy the next character typed. EESSCC ff is equivalent to MMeettaa--ff. uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu)) Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr)) - Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the - uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial + Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the + uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial state. ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--&&)) Perform tilde expansion on the current word. sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<>)) - Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, + Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx)) - Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is - set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved + Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is + set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]])) A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of - that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- + that character. A negative count searches for previous occur- rences. cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]])) - A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- - rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- + A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur- + rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse- quent occurrences. iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##)) - Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- - mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current + Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm-- + mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a - toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not - match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- + toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not + match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other- wise the characters in ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn are deleted from the begin- - ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a - newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn - causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. - If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be + ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a + newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn + causes this command to make the current line a shell comment. + If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line will be executed by the shell. gglloobb--ccoommpplleettee--wwoorrdd ((MM--gg)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern - is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern + is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible completions. gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx **)) - The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname - expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted, - replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an + The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname + expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted, + replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. gglloobb--lliisstt--eexxppaannssiioonnss ((CC--xx gg)) - The list of expansions that would have been generated by - gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a - numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before + The list of expansions that would have been generated by + gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a + numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname expansion. dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss - Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- + Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read- line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out- - put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an + put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to - the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, - the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part + the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, + the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss - Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the + Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. ddiissppllaayy--sshheellll--vveerrssiioonn ((CC--xx CC--vv)) - Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. + Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh. PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn - When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for - which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using - the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the pro- + When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for + which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using + the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the pro- grammable completion facilities are invoked. - First, the command name is identified. If a compspec has been defined + First, the command name is identified. If a compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of possible - completions for the word. If the command word is a full pathname, a - compspec for the full pathname is searched for first. If no compspec - is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to find a compspec + completions for the word. If the command word is a full pathname, a + compspec for the full pathname is searched for first. If no compspec + is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash. - Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of - matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- + Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of + matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple- tion as described above under CCoommpplleettiinngg is performed. - First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches - which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the - --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the + First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches + which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the + --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell variable FFIIGGNNOORREE is used to filter the matches. - Any completions specified by a filename expansion pattern to the --GG + Any completions specified by a filename expansion pattern to the --GG option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not - match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not + match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the FFIIGGNNOORREE variable is used. - Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- - ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- - cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is - then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and - variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as + Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid- + ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe- + cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is + then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and + variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as described above under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN. The results are split using the rules described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg. The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words become the possible completions. - After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command - specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or + After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command + specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or function is invoked, the CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE, CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT, CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY, and CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE variables are assigned values as described above under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess. - If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the - first argument is the name of the command whose arguments are being - completed, the second argument is the word being completed, and the - third argument is the word preceding the word being completed on the - current command line. No filtering of the generated completions - against the word being completed is performed; the function or command + If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD + variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the + first argument is the name of the command whose arguments are being + completed, the second argument is the word being completed, and the + third argument is the word preceding the word being completed on the + current command line. No filtering of the generated completions + against the word being completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches. - Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use - any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described - below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions + Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use + any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described + below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable. - Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- - ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of - completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be + Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi- + ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of + completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary. - After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- - fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- - tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced - with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped - with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. - Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. + After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci- + fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat- + tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced + with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped + with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. + Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list. A leading !! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match- ing the pattern will be removed. @@ -3203,136 +3206,136 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions. - If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the - --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was + If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the + --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted. - If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec + If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. - By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned - to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The + By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned + to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The default bbaasshh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of filename completion is disabled. If the --oo bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt option was sup- - plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- + plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com- pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the --oo - ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, - readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, + ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, + readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default bbaasshh completions) generate no matches. - When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, - the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash - to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to - the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the + When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired, + the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash + to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to + the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the setting of the mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable. HHIISSTTOORRYY - When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell + When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously - typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of + typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of commands to save in a history list. The text of the last HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE com- - mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the - history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values + mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the + history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN + above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values of the shell variables HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE and HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari- - able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value - of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the - number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. When the his- - tory file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character - followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the - preceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed - depending on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When an inter- - active shell exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the his- + able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value + of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the + number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. When the his- + tory file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character + followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the + preceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed + depending on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When an inter- + active shell exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the his- tory list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the lines - are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over- - written. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, - the history is not saved. If the variable is set, time stamps are + are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over- + written. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, + the history is not saved. If the variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the history comment character, - so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses the history - comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. - After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no - more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE is not set, no trunca- + so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses the history + comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. + After saving the history, the history file is truncated to contain no + more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE is not set, no trunca- tion is performed. - The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used + The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss-- - ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and - manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search - commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the + ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and + manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search + commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the history list. - The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history + The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The ccmmddhhiisstt shell - option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a - multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where - necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option - causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of + option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a + multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where + necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option + causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell options. HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN - The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the - history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features - are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive + The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the + history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features + are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion by default. History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input - stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a + stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous commands quickly. - History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is - read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two - parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to + History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is + read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two + parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the history - is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are - _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected + is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are + _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when read- - ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by - quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by - the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by - default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history + ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by + quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by + the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by + default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history expansion character. - Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- - lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, - tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is + Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol- + lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space, + tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled, (( will also inhibit expansion. - Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to - tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell + Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to + tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell option is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin), and rreeaadd-- lliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to - the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the + the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for further modification. If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed history sub- stitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for correc- - tion. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be used to see + tion. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss option to the - hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of the history - list without actually executing them, so that they are available for + hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of the history + list without actually executing them, so that they are available for subsequent recall. - The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history + The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll - VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- + VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his- tory timestamps when writing the history file. EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- + An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his- tory list. - !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, - newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option + !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk, + newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin). !!_n Refer to command line _n. !!--_n Refer to the current command line minus _n. @@ -3340,21 +3343,21 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN !!_s_t_r_i_n_g Refer to the most recent command starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g. !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] - Refer to the most recent command containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trail- + Refer to the most recent command containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trail- ing ?? may be omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a new- line. ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^ - Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 + Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' (see MMoodd-- iiffiieerrss below). !!## The entire command line typed so far. WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss - Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: - separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be - omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words - are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being - denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- + Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :: + separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be + omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words + are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being + denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa- rated by single spaces. 00 ((zzeerroo)) @@ -3364,17 +3367,17 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN $$ The last argument. %% The word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search. _x--_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'. - ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. - It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the + ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'. + It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case. xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$. xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word. - If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the + If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event. MMooddiiffiieerrss - After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one + After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. hh Remove a trailing file name component, leaving only the head. @@ -3383,70 +3386,70 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN ee Remove all but the trailing suffix. pp Print the new command but do not execute it. qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. - xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at + xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at bbllaannkkss and newlines. ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w// - Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event - line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final - delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event - line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single - backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- - gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to - the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- + Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event + line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final + delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event + line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single + backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin- + gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to + the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu- tions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search. && Repeat the previous substitution. gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is - used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. - If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and - the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of + used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'. + If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and + the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg. - GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event + GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event line. SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the - options. For example, the ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not + options. For example, the ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options. :: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s - and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is + No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s + and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is returned. .. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell - environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- + Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell + environment and return the exit status of the last command exe- cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash, file - names in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_- - _n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. - When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is - searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option - to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not - searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- - tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the - positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the - status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no - commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or + names in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing _f_i_l_e_- + _n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable. + When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is + searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option + to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not + searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi- + tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the + positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the + status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no + commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or cannot be read. aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of - aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When - arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose + aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When + arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded. - For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- - plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass - returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been + For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup- + plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass + returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been defined. bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it + Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's - notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless - run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control - enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started + notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless + run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control + enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started without job control. bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVV] @@ -3455,28 +3458,28 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q:_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e bbiinndd _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key - sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee - variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would - appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed - as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. + Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key + sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee + variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would + appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed + as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --mm _k_e_y_m_a_p Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_- - _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, - and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is + _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d, + and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. --ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions. - --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a + --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a way that they can be re-read. --PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings. - --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the - strings they output in such a way that they can be re- + --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + strings they output in such a way that they can be re- read. - --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the + --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output. - --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way + --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way that they can be re-read. --VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values. --ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e @@ -3488,141 +3491,141 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr _k_e_y_s_e_q Remove any current binding for _k_e_y_s_e_q. --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q::_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d - Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is + Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is entered. - The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or + The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurred. bbrreeaakk [_n] - Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is - specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater - than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are + Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is + specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater + than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are exited. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when bbrreeaakk is executed. bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and + Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function - whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- + whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func- tionality of the builtin within the function. The ccdd builtin is - commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if + commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command. ccdd [--LL||--PP] [_d_i_r] - Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HHOOMMEE is the - default _d_i_r. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for - the directory containing _d_i_r. Alternative directory names in - CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in - CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If - _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not used. The --PP - option says to use the physical directory structure instead of - following symbolic links (see also the --PP option to the sseett + Change the current directory to _d_i_r. The variable HHOOMMEE is the + default _d_i_r. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH defines the search path for + the directory containing _d_i_r. Alternative directory names in + CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in + CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``..''. If + _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not used. The --PP + option says to use the physical directory structure instead of + following symbolic links (see also the --PP option to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces symbolic links to be fol- - lowed. An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non- - empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first - argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute + lowed. An argument of -- is equivalent to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD. If a non- + empty directory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first + argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard - output. The return value is true if the directory was success- + output. The return value is true if the directory was success- fully changed; false otherwise. ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r] Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func- - tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins. With- + tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins. With- out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of - the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- + the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup- plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name, - and source file corresponding to that position in the current - execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for - example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. - The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- - routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in + and source file corresponding to that position in the current + execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for + example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0. + The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub- + routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in the call stack. ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...] - Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function - lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are - executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is - performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to - find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv + Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function + lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are + executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is + performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to + find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv - option causes a single word indicating the command or file name + option causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a - more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, - the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If + more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied, + the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- + not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta- tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d] - Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee - builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches - to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the - various shell variables set by the programmable completion + Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee + builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches + to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the + various shell variables set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not have useful values. - The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- - grammable completion code had generated them directly from a + The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro- + grammable completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is speci- fied, only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t] [--WW + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] ccoommpplleettee --pprr [_n_a_m_e ...] - Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the - --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing - completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them + Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the + --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing + completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- - ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- + ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- pletion specifications. - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrroo-- ggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory names or suppressing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the - default) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the + default) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are - generated, directory name completion is - attempted and any matches are added to the + After any matches defined by the compspec are + generated, directory name completion is + attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -3630,7 +3633,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -3639,17 +3642,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -3658,139 +3661,139 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The filename expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + The filename expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to generate the possible completions. --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. The possible completions are the members - of the resultant list which match the word being com- + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. The possible completions are the members + of the resultant list which match the word being com- pleted. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. --FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n - The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current - shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com- - pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY + The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current + shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com- + pletions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable. --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for filename expansion. + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for filename expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this - case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of - enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of + enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a loop when ccoonnttiinnuuee is executed. ddeeccllaarree [--aaffFFiirrttxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] ttyyppeesseett [--aaffFFiirrttxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will - display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is - used, additional options are ignored. The --FF option inhibits - the display of function definitions; only the function name and + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is + used, additional options are ignored. The --FF option inhibits + the display of function definitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option is enabled - using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where the - function is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option - implies --ff. The following options can be used to restrict out- - put to variables with the specified attribute or to give vari- + using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where the + function is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option + implies --ff. The following options can be used to restrict out- + put to variables with the specified attribute or to give vari- ables attributes: --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --ff Use function names only. --ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua- - tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN )) is performed when the + tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN )) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. --rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. - --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions - inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling - shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for + --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions + inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling + shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the + --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. - Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with + Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari- - able and ++rr wwiillll nnoott rreemmoovvee tthhee rreeaaddoonnllyy aattttrriibbuuttee.. WWhheenn uusseedd + able and ++rr wwiillll nnoott rreemmoovvee tthhee rreeaaddoonnllyy aattttrriibbuuttee.. WWhheenn uusseedd iinn aa ffuunnccttiioonn,, mmaakkeess eeaacchh _n_a_m_e llooccaall,, aass wwiitthh tthhee llooccaall command. If a variable name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the vari- - able is set to _v_a_l_u_e. The return value is 0 unless an invalid - option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function - using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a - readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an + able is set to _v_a_l_u_e. The return value is 0 unless an invalid + option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function + using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a + readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without using the compound assignment syntax (see - AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable + AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a read- - only variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for - an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-exis- + only variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for + an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-exis- tent function with --ff. ddiirrss [[++_n]] [[--_n]] [[--ccppllvv]] - Without options, displays the list of currently remembered - directories. The default display is on a single line with - directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to - the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes + Without options, displays the list of currently remembered + directories. The default display is on a single line with + directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to + the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes entries from the list. ++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the + --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries. - --ll Produces a longer listing; the default listing format + --ll Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. --pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line. - --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- + --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- fixing each entry with its index in the stack. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n + The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...] - Without options, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is removed from the table of - active jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither --aa nnoorr --rr - iiss ssuupppplliieedd,, tthhee sshheellll''ss nnoottiioonn ooff tthhee _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b iiss uusseedd.. IIff + Without options, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is removed from the table of + active jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither --aa nnoorr --rr + iiss ssuupppplliieedd,, tthhee sshheellll''ss nnoottiioonn ooff tthhee _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b iiss uusseedd.. IIff tthhee --hh ooppttiioonn iiss ggiivveenn,, eeaacchh _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the ta- - ble, but is marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the - shell receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is present, and neither - the --aa nor the --rr option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. + ble, but is marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the + shell receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is present, and neither + the --aa nor the --rr option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option means to remove or mark - all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c argument restricts - operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_- + all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c argument restricts + operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_- _s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job. eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...] - Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. + Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. The return status is always 0. If --nn is specified, the trailing - newline is suppressed. If the --ee option is given, interpreta- - tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. - The --EE option disables the interpretation of these escape char- - acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. - The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used to dynamically determine - whether or not eecchhoo expands these escape characters by default. - eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean the end of options. eecchhoo + newline is suppressed. If the --ee option is given, interpreta- + tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. + The --EE option disables the interpretation of these escape char- + acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default. + The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used to dynamically determine + whether or not eecchhoo expands these escape characters by default. + eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape sequences: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -3802,186 +3805,186 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab \\\\ backslash - \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin + Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though - the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. - If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are + to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though + the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. + If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH - instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. - The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from + instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. + The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. - The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. + The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu- - ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn - is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- - plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- - tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the - output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return - value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an + ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn + is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- + plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- + tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the + output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return + value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] - The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- - mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and - its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are + The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- + mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and + its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0. eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process - is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process + is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin- - ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what + ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with - an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e + an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless the shell option eexxeeccffaaiill is enabled, in which case it - returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the + not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless the shell option eexxeeccffaaiill is enabled, in which case it + returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redi- rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status - is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. + is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. eexxiitt [_n] - Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, + Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates. eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eexxppoorrtt --pp - The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- - ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is - given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or - if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all names that are - exported in this shell is printed. The --nn option causes the - export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable - name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to - _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid - option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell + The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- + ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is + given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or + if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all names that are + exported in this shell is printed. The --nn option causes the + export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable + name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to + _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid + option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a func- tion. ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] - Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t - to _l_a_s_t is selected from the history list. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may - be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning - with that string) or as a number (an index into the history + Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t + to _l_a_s_t is selected from the history list. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may + be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning + with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur- rent command number). If _l_a_s_t is not specified it is set to the - current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the + current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t otherwise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not spec- - ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for + ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for listing. - The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The - --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option - is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- - wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing - those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT - variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. - If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- + The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The + --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option + is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- + wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing + those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT + variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. + If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance - of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. A useful alias to use with this is - ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command + In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance + of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. A useful alias to use with this is + ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com- mand. - If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an - invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history - lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return + If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history + lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second - form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- - cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in + form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- + cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffcc returns failure. ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] - Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. + Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b - is used. The return value is that of the command placed into - the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled + is used. The return value is that of the command placed into + the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec- - ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started + ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] - ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- - ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- - nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is - expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it - by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not - be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss - places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing + ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- + ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- + nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is + expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it + by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not + be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss + places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to - 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an - option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into - the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- - cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to + 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an + option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into + the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- + cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame- ters is to be used. - When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a - return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of + When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a + return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and nnaammee is set to ?. - ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more + ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead. - ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character - of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In - normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid - options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the - variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- + ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character + of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In + normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid + options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the + variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an invalid option is seen, ggeettooppttss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if - not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If - ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in + not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If + ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOPPTTAARRGG and no diagnostic message is printed. - If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, - a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a - diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a - colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option + If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, + a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a + diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a + colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option character found. - ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is + ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] - For each _n_a_m_e, the full file name of the command is determined + For each _n_a_m_e, the full file name of the command is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remembered. If the --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is used as the full file name of the command. The --rr option causes - the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd option + the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each _n_a_m_e. - If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to which each - _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are - supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the hashed full + If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to which each + _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e arguments are + supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be displayed in a for- - mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or + mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remembered commands is - printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found + printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control - structures is printed. The --ss option restricts the information - displayed to a short usage synopsis. The return status is 0 + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + structures is printed. The --ss option restricts the information + displayed to a short usage synopsis. The return status is 0 unless no command matches _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. hhiissttoorryy [[_n]] @@ -3992,44 +3995,44 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered - since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered + since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session) to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines - appended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines + appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. --rr Read the contents of the history file and use them as the current history. - --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- + --ww Write the current history to the history file, overwrit- ing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT is set, the time stamp information associ- - ated with each history entry is written to the history file, - marked with the history comment character. When the history + ated with each history entry is written to the history file, + marked with the history comment character. When the history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character - followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps - for the previous history line. The return value is 0 unless an - invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or - writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is supplied as an + followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps + for the previous history line. The return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or + writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is supplied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails. @@ -4038,147 +4041,147 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed - status since the user was last notified of their status. + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + status since the user was last notified of their status. --rr Restrict output to running jobs. --ss Restrict output to stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true - if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. kkiillll returns true + if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- tion and its children. With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of - local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use + local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless - llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, + llooccaall is used outside a function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which - contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are - simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, - which are converted and copied to the standard output, and for- - mat specifications, each of which causes printing of the next + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which + contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are + simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences, + which are converted and copied to the standard output, and for- + mat specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) for- - mats, %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in - the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, + mats, %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in + the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t (except that \\cc terminates output, backslashes in \\'', \\"", and \\?? are not removed, and octal escapes - beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits), and %%qq causes + beginning with \\00 may contain up to four digits), and %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can be reused as shell input. - The --vv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable + The --vv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories - and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, + and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding - directories to the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding + directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the new current working directory. If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well. - If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r - fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- - tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is - specified, or the directory change to the specified new current + If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r + fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- + tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is + specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error - occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. - rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] + rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file - descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file + descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the - second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- - ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer + second _n_a_m_e, and so on, with leftover words and their interven- + ing separators assigned to the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names - are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to - split the line into words. The backslash character (\\) may be - used to remove any special meaning for the next character read - and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol- + are assigned empty values. The characters in IIFFSS are used to + split the line into words. The backslash character (\\) may be + used to remove any special meaning for the next character read + and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol- lowing meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array @@ -4186,104 +4189,105 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m - The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the + The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the input line, rather than newline. --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input. --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t Display _p_r_o_m_p_t on standard error, without a trailing new- line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. This - option has no effect if rreeaadd is not reading input from + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input is not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. This + option has no effect if rreeaadd is not reading input from the terminal or a pipe. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari- - able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is - encountered, rreeaadd times out, or an invalid file descriptor is + able RREEPPLLYY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is + encountered, rreeaadd times out, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aappff] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to arrays. If no - _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a - list of all readonly names is printed. The --pp option causes - output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. - If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the vari- - able is set to _w_o_r_d. The return status is 0 unless an invalid - option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell + _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a + list of all readonly names is printed. The --pp option causes + output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input. + If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the vari- + able is set to _w_o_r_d. The return status is 0 unless an invalid + option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a func- tion. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _n. - If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command - executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but - during execution of a script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it + Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _n. + If _n is omitted, the return status is that of the last command + executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but + during execution of a script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either - _n or the exit status of the last command executed within the - script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a - function and not during execution of a script by .., the return + _n or the exit status of the last command executed within the + script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a + function and not during execution of a script by .., the return status is false. Any command associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is - executed before execution resumes after the function or script. + executed before execution resumes after the function or script. sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_a_r_g ...] - Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are + Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- - not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. - The output is sorted according to the current locale. When - options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any - arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated - as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in + not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. + The output is sorted according to the current locale. When + options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any + arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated + as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the fol- lowing meanings: - --aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are - modified or created for export to the environment of + --aa Automatically mark variables and functions which are + modified or created for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + --ee Exit immediately if a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not - exit if the command that fails is part of the command - list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, - part of the test in an iiff statement, part of a &&&& or |||| - list, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the - command's return value is being inverted via !!. Failing - simple commands that are part of shell functions or com- - mand lists enclosed in braces or parentheses satisfying - the above conditions do not cause the shell to exit. A - trap on EERRRR, if set, is executed before the shell exits. + exit if the command that fails is part of the command + list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, + part of the test in an iiff statement, part of a command + executed in a &&&& or |||| list, any command in a pipeline + but the last, or if the command's return value is being + inverted via !!. Failing simple commands that are part + of shell functions or command lists enclosed in braces + or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not + cause the shell to exit. A trap on EERRRR, if set, is exe- + cuted before the shell exits. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). Background pro- - cesses run in a separate process group and a line con- - taining their exit status is printed upon their comple- + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). Background pro- + cesses run in a separate process group and a line con- + taining their exit status is printed upon their comple- tion. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -4291,7 +4295,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. @@ -4307,8 +4311,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command - ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll + The effect is as if the shell command + ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -4322,13 +4326,13 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. @@ -4336,246 +4340,246 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the - current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no - _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the - current option settings is displayed on the standard + current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no + _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the + current option settings is displayed on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS - variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored. - If the shell is started with the effective user (group) - id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the --pp - option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS + variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored. + If the shell is started with the effective user (group) + id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the --pp + option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the effective user id is set to the real user id. If the --pp - option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is + option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. Turning this option off causes the effective - user and group ids to be set to the real user and group + user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables as an error when performing param- - eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset + eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or associated word list. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by - shell functions, command substitutions, and commands - executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + shell functions, command substitutions, and commands + executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The - options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of - the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The + options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of + the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are - unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to - $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, - it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional - parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are + unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to + $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, + it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional + parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav- ior. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list of all set- table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not - each is set. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a - form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol- + each is set. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a + form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, the dis- + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, the dis- play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec- - tively. Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled + tively. Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting - options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting + options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bash lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command - and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command + and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL-- UUMMNNSS. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows easy re-editing of multi-line commands. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of pathname expansion. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is + If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), a call to rreettuurrnn is simulated. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above. - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRROORR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a - description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by + description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by default. ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named - by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell + If set, the history list is appended to the file named + by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter- active login shell exits. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. pprrooggccoommpp If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo-- @@ -4583,47 +4587,47 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS enabled by default. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote - removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote + removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in + The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT - signal. The --ff option says not to complain if this is a login - shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + signal. The --ff option says not to complain if this is a login + shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] - Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the - conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and operand must be - a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries - described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. tteesstt does not + Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the + conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and operand must be + a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries + described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation depends on the number of arguments; see below. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -4640,108 +4644,108 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval- - uated according to precedence using the rules listed + uated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are - case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c - is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit from the shell. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is executed before every + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c + is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit from the shell. + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is executed before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the first command executes in - a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). Refer to the - description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for - details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, - the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a simple command has a - non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The - EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the - command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, - part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a &&&& or |||| list, or - if the command's return value is being inverted via !!. These - are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt option. If a - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell - function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- - ishes executing. Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot - be trapped or reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored - are reset to their original values in a child process when it is - created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; - otherwise ttrraapp returns true. + a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). Refer to the + description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for + details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, + the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a simple command has a + non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The + EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the + command list immediately following a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, + part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed + in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return value is being + inverted via !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the + eerrrreexxiitt option. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. + or ssoouurrccee builtins finishes executing. Signals ignored upon + entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Trapped signals + that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in + a child process when it is created. The return status is false + if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is - returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is + returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci- fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not - return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is - hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the + hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, not necessarily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is used, ttyyppee - prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. - This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp - option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not - consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func- - tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if + prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. + This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp + option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not + consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell func- + tion lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if any of the arguments are found, false if none are found. uulliimmiitt [--SSHHaaccddeeffiillmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxx [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, - respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the - soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, + respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the + soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: @@ -4749,7 +4753,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory @@ -4761,64 +4765,64 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell --xx The maximum number of file locks If _l_i_m_i_t is given, it is the new value of the specified resource (the --aa option is display only). If no option is given, then --ff - is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, - which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, - and --nn and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return status is - 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error + is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for --tt, + which is in seconds, --pp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks, + and --nn and --uu, which are unscaled values. The return status is + 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If no options are supplied, or the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e - refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari- - able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub- - sequent commands. If any of RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, + refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari- + able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub- + sequent commands. If any of RRAANNDDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they lose their special - properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta- + properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta- tus is true unless a _n_a_m_e is readonly. wwaaiitt [_n _._._.] - Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta- - tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a - job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are - waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- - cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n - specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is - 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the + Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta- + tus. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a + job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro- + cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _n + specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is + 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at - invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used - to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It - behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are + invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used + to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It + behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: +o changing directories with ccdd @@ -4827,16 +4831,16 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o specifying command names containing // - +o specifying a file name containing a // as an argument to the .. + +o specifying a file name containing a // as an argument to the .. builtin command - +o Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command - +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at + +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup - +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at + +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at startup +o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect- @@ -4845,10 +4849,10 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another command - +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options + +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options to the eennaabbllee builtin command - +o Using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell + +o Using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command @@ -4858,14 +4862,14 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell + MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. SSEEEE AALLSSOO _B_a_s_h _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e _M_a_n_u_a_l, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey - _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- + _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- _t_i_e_s, IEEE _s_h(1), _k_s_h(1), _c_s_h(1) _e_m_a_c_s(1), _v_i(1) @@ -4881,7 +4885,7 @@ FFIILLEESS _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c The individual per-interactive-shell startup file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t - The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login + The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file @@ -4895,14 +4899,14 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS If you find a bug in bbaasshh,, you should report it. But first, you should - make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest - version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from + make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest + version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from _f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_b_a_s_h_/. - Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g - command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged - to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may - be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup + Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g + command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged + to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may + be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg. ALL bug reports should include: @@ -4913,7 +4917,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS A description of the bug behaviour A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug - _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template + _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template it provides for filing a bug report. Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed @@ -4930,20 +4934,20 @@ BBUUGGSS Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable. Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not - handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a - process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in - the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between - parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a + handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a + process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in + the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between + parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit. - Commands inside of $$((...)) command substitution are not parsed until - substitution is attempted. This will delay error reporting until some + Commands inside of $$((...)) command substitution are not parsed until + substitution is attempted. This will delay error reporting until some time after the command is entered. For example, unmatched parentheses, - even inside shell comments, will result in error messages while the + even inside shell comments, will result in error messages while the construct is being read. Array variables may not (yet) be exported. -GNU Bash-3.2 2007 September 14 BASH(1) +GNU Bash-3.2 2007 December 5 BASH(1) diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index cfbe1cb6c..e3050f2b5 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ -
BASH(1)2007 September 14BASH(1) +BASH(1)2007 December 5BASH(1)

Index @@ -532,12 +532,13 @@ No other startup files are read. Bash -attempts to determine when it is being run by the remote shell -daemon, usually rshd. +attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input +connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell +daemon, usually rshd, or the secure shell daemon sshd. If bash -determines it is being run by rshd, it reads and executes +determines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists and is readable. It will not do this if invoked as sh. The @@ -1684,7 +1685,9 @@ The command argument to the -c invocation option. An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files corresponding to each member of FUNCNAME. ${BASH_LINENO[$i]} is the line number in the source -file where ${FUNCNAME[$ifP]} was called. +file where ${FUNCNAME[$i]} was called +(or ${BASH_LINENO[$i-1]} if referenced within another +shell function). The corresponding source file name is ${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}. Use LINENO to obtain the current line number.
BASH_REMATCH @@ -9829,7 +9832,7 @@ keyword, part of the test in an if -statement, part of a +statement, part of a command executed in a && or @@ -10890,7 +10893,7 @@ keyword, part of the test in an if -statement, part of a +statement, part of a command executed in a && or @@ -11549,7 +11552,7 @@ Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-
GNU Bash-3.22007 September 14BASH(1) +GNU Bash-3.22007 December 5BASH(1)
@@ -11653,6 +11656,6 @@ Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.
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F22.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(1)190.115 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(1)193.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ F(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)108 679.2 S(SH_ENV).27 E F0 1.01(in the en) 108 727.2 S 2.5(tt).2 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of the)-.25 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G (TH)-.189 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is not used to search for the \214le name.).25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 -768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(2)190.115 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(2)193.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -503,7060 +503,7067 @@ E F0 .226(mode, as with the)3.256 F F1(\255\255posix)2.726 E F0 .226 F3(ENV)2.841 E F0 -.25(va)2.591 G .342(riable and commands are read and) .25 F -.15(exe)108 220.8 S(cuted from the \214le whose name is the e).15 E(xpanded v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. 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terminated by signal)3.508 F F2(n)2.676 E F0(.).24 E +F1(Pipelines)87 691.2 Q F0(A)108 703.2 Q F2(pipeline)2.92 E F0 .42 +(is a sequence of one or more commands separated by the character)2.92 F +F1(|)2.919 E F0 5.419(.T)C .419(he format for a pipeline)-5.419 F(is:) +108 715.2 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(3)193.455 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .244(The standard output of)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(command)2.944 E F0 .243 -(is connected via a pipe to the standard input of)3.514 F F1(command2) -2.743 E F0 5.243(.T).02 G .243(his connec-)-5.243 F -(tion is performed before an)108 96 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G -(edirections speci\214ed by the command \(see)-2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +-.35 E([)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(time)A F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 +(]] [ ! ])A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E +F2(command2)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E .243(The 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-.15(ex)108 148.8 S .55 +(The return status of a pipeline is the e)108 129.6 R .48 +(xit status of the last command, unless the)-.15 F F1(pipefail)2.98 E F0 +.48(option is enabled.)2.98 F(If)108 141.6 Q F1(pipefail)2.686 E F0 .186 +(is enabled, the pipeline')2.686 F 2.686(sr)-.55 G .186 +(eturn status is the v)-2.686 F .187 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) command to e)-.25 F .187(xit with a)-.15 +F .611(non-zero status, or zero if all commands e)108 153.6 R .611 +(xit successfully)-.15 F 5.611(.I)-.65 G 3.111(ft)-5.611 G .61 +(he reserv)-3.111 F .61(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F1(!)3.11 E F0 .61 +(precedes a pipeline, the)5.61 F -.15(ex)108 165.6 S .55 (it status of that pipeline is the logical ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .55 (tion of the e).05 F .55(xit status as described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.55(.T).15 G .55(he shell w)-5.55 F .55(aits for)-.1 F (all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a v)108 -160.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E .298(If the)108 177.6 R F3(time)2.799 E F0(reserv) +177.6 Q(alue.)-.25 E .299(If the)108 194.4 R F1(time)2.799 E F0(reserv) 2.799 E .299(ed w)-.15 F .299(ord precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as w\ -ell as user and system time consumed by its)-.1 F -.15(exe)108 189.6 S -.14(cution are reported when the pipeline terminates.).15 F(The)5.139 E -F32.639 E F0 .139(option changes the output format to that spec-) -2.639 F .779(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 201.6 R(The)5.779 E F2(TIMEFORMA) -3.279 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.029 G .779 -(riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 3.28(wt) --.25 G .78(he timing)-3.28 F -(information should be displayed; see the description of)108 213.6 Q F2 -(TIMEFORMA)2.5 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)2.25 E F3(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables) +ell as user and system time consumed by its)-.1 F -.15(exe)108 206.4 S +.139(cution are reported when the pipeline terminates.).15 F(The)5.139 E +F12.639 E F0 .14(option changes the output format to that spec-) +2.639 F .78(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 218.4 R(The)5.78 E F3(TIMEFORMA)3.279 +E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.029 G .779 +(riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 3.279 +(wt)-.25 G .779(he timing)-3.279 F +(information should be displayed; see the description of)108 230.4 Q F3 +(TIMEFORMA)2.5 E(T)-.855 E F0(under)2.25 E F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables) -.92 E F0(belo)2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(Each command in a pipeline is e)108 -230.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted as a separate process \(i.e., in a subshell\).).15 E F3(Lists)87 -247.2 Q F0(A)108 259.2 Q F1(list)2.601 E F0 .101(is a sequence of one o\ -r more pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.601 F F3(;)2.6 E F0 -(,)A F3(&)2.6 E F0(,)A F3(&&)2.6 E F0 2.6(,o)C(r)-2.6 E/F4 10/Symbol SF -2.6 E F0 2.6(,a)C .1(nd option-)-2.6 F(ally terminated by one of) -108 271.2 Q F3(;)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(&)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F3 -()2.5 E F0(.)A .656(Of these list operators,)108 288 R F3(&&) -3.156 E F0(and)3.156 E F43.156 E F0(ha)3.156 E .956 -.15(ve e)-.2 -H .656(qual precedence, follo).15 F .656(wed by)-.25 F F3(;)3.156 E F0 -(and)3.156 E F3(&)3.156 E F0 3.156(,w)C .656(hich ha)-3.156 F .957 -.15 -(ve e)-.2 H .657(qual prece-).15 F(dence.)108 300 Q 2.5(As)108 316.8 S -(equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E(wlines may appear in a)-.25 E F1(list) -2.5 E F0(instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029 -(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 333.6 R F3(&) +247.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted as a separate process \(i.e., in a subshell\).).15 E F1(Lists)87 +264 Q F0(A)108 276 Q F2(list)2.6 E F0 .1(is a sequence of one or more p\ +ipelines separated by one of the operators)2.6 F F1(;)2.601 E F0(,)A F1 +(&)2.601 E F0(,)A F1(&&)2.601 E F0 2.601(,o)C(r)-2.601 E/F4 10/Symbol SF +2.601 E F0 2.601(,a)C .101(nd option-)-2.601 F +(ally terminated by one of)108 288 Q F1(;)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(&)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1()2.5 E F0(.)A .657(Of these list operators,) +108 304.8 R F1(&&)3.156 E F0(and)3.156 E F43.156 E F0(ha)3.156 E +.956 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .656(qual precedence, follo).15 F .656(wed by)-.25 +F F1(;)3.156 E F0(and)3.156 E F1(&)3.156 E F0 3.156(,w)C .656(hich ha) +-3.156 F .956 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .656(qual prece-).15 F(dence.)108 316.8 Q +2.5(As)108 333.6 S(equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E +(wlines may appear in a)-.25 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 +(instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029 +(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 350.4 R F1(&) 2.529 E F0 2.529(,t)C .029(he shell e)-2.529 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .029 -(cutes the command in the).15 F F1(bac)2.528 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 -(in)2.528 E 2.875(as)108 345.6 S 2.875(ubshell. The)-2.875 F .375 -(shell does not w)2.875 F .375 -(ait for the command to \214nish, and the return status is 0.)-.1 F .376 -(Commands sepa-)5.376 F .849(rated by a)108 357.6 R F3(;)3.349 E F0 .849 -(are e)3.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .848(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F -.848(aits for each command to terminate in turn.)-.1 F .848(The return) -5.848 F(status is the e)108 369.6 Q(xit status of the last command e) --.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(The control operators)108 386.4 Q F3 +(cutes the command in the).15 F F2(bac)2.529 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 +(in)2.529 E 2.876(as)108 362.4 S 2.876(ubshell. The)-2.876 F .376 +(shell does not w)2.876 F .375 +(ait for the command to \214nish, and the return status is 0.)-.1 F .375 +(Commands sepa-)5.375 F .848(rated by a)108 374.4 R F1(;)3.348 E F0 .848 +(are e)3.348 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .848(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F +.849(aits for each command to terminate in turn.)-.1 F .849(The return) +5.849 F(status is the e)108 386.4 Q(xit status of the last command e) +-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(The control operators)108 403.2 Q F1 (&&)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F42.5 E F0 (denote AND lists and OR lists, respecti)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5 -(.A)-.65 G 2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F1(command1)144 403.2 -Q F3(&&)2.5 E F1(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 420 Q F0(is e)2.52 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F1(command1)2.7 E F0 +(.A)-.65 G 2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F2(command1)144 420 Q +F1(&&)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 436.8 Q F0(is e)2.52 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F2(command1)2.7 E F0 (returns an e)2.5 E(xit status of zero.)-.15 E(An OR list has the form) -108 436.8 Q F1(command1)144 453.6 Q F42.5 E F1(command2)2.5 E -(command2)108.2 475.2 Q F0 .728(is e)3.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .729 -(cuted if and only if).15 F F1(command1)3.429 E F0 .729 -(returns a non-zero e)3.229 F .729(xit status.)-.15 F .729 -(The return status of AND)5.729 F(and OR lists is the e)108 487.2 Q +108 453.6 Q F2(command1)144 470.4 Q F42.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E +(command2)108.2 492 Q F0 .729(is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .729 +(cuted if and only if).15 F F2(command1)3.429 E F0 .729 +(returns a non-zero e)3.229 F .729(xit status.)-.15 F .728 +(The return status of AND)5.729 F(and OR lists is the e)108 504 Q (xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted in the list.).15 E F3(Compound Commands)87 504 Q F0(A)108 516 Q -F1(compound command)2.5 E F0(is one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E(\() -108 532.8 Q F1(list)A F0(\))A F1(list)17.11 E F0 .011(is e)2.512 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .011(cuted in a subshell en).15 F .011(vironment \(see)-.4 F -F2 .011(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.511 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(belo)2.261 E -(w\).)-.25 E -1.11(Va)144 544.8 S 1.063(riable assignments and b)1.11 F -1.064(uiltin commands that af)-.2 F 1.064(fect the shell')-.25 F 3.564 -(se)-.55 G -.4(nv)-3.564 G 1.064(ironment do not remain in).4 F(ef)144 -556.8 Q(fect after the command completes.)-.25 E -(The return status is the e)5 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(.) -A({)108 573.6 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F1(list)3.89 E F0 .402 -(is simply e)2.902 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .401(cuted in the current shell en) -.15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F1(list)5.401 E F0 .401 -(must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .401(wline or)-.25 F 3.214 -(semicolon. This)144 585.6 R .714(is kno)3.214 F .714(wn as a)-.25 F F1 +(cuted in the list.).15 E F1(Compound Commands)87 520.8 Q F0(A)108 532.8 +Q F2(compound command)2.5 E F0(is one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E +(\()108 549.6 Q F2(list)A F0(\))A F2(list)17.11 E F0 .011(is e)2.511 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .011(cuted in a subshell en).15 F .011(vironment \(see) +-.4 F F3 .011(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.511 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(belo) +2.262 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.11(Va)144 561.6 S 1.064(riable assignments and b) +1.11 F 1.064(uiltin commands that af)-.2 F 1.064(fect the shell')-.25 F +3.564(se)-.55 G -.4(nv)-3.564 G 1.064(ironment do not remain in).4 F(ef) +144 573.6 Q(fect after the command completes.)-.25 E +(The return status is the e)5 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.) +A({)108 590.4 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;})C F2(list)3.89 E F0 .401 +(is simply e)2.901 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .401(cuted in the current shell en) +.15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F2(list)5.401 E F0 .402 +(must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .402(wline or)-.25 F 3.215 +(semicolon. This)144 602.4 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a)-.25 F F2 (gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.715(.T)C .715 -(he return status is the e)-5.715 F .715(xit status of)-.15 F F1(list) -3.215 E F0 5.715(.N)C(ote)-5.715 E .22(that unlik)144 597.6 R 2.72(et) --.1 G .22(he metacharacters)-2.72 F F3(\()2.72 E F0(and)2.72 E F3(\)) -2.72 E F0(,)A F3({)2.72 E F0(and)2.72 E F3(})2.719 E F0(are)2.719 E F1 --.37(re)2.719 G .219(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F0 .219 -(and must occur where a reserv)2.719 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 609.6 S .256 -(rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .256(Since the)5.256 F 2.756(yd) --.15 G 2.756(on)-2.756 G .257(ot cause a w)-2.756 F .257(ord break, the) --.1 F 2.757(ym)-.15 G .257(ust be separated)-2.757 F(from)144 621.6 Q F1 +(he return status is the e)-5.715 F .714(xit status of)-.15 F F2(list) +3.214 E F0 5.714(.N)C(ote)-5.714 E .219(that unlik)144 614.4 R 2.719(et) +-.1 G .219(he metacharacters)-2.719 F F1(\()2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1 +(\))2.719 E F0(,)A F1({)2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1(})2.719 E F0(are)2.719 +E F2 -.37(re)2.72 G .22(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F0 .22 +(and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 626.4 S .257 +(rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .257(Since the)5.257 F 2.757(yd) +-.15 G 2.756(on)-2.757 G .256(ot cause a w)-2.756 F .256(ord break, the) +-.1 F 2.756(ym)-.15 G .256(ust be separated)-2.756 F(from)144 638.4 Q F2 (list)2.5 E F0(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 -E(\(\()108 638.4 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 -650.4 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.552 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .052(is e)2.552 F +E(\(\()108 655.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 +667.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.551 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .051(is e)2.551 F -.25(va)-.25 G .051(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F -2.551(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.551 E F2 .051(ARITHMETIC EV)2.551 F(ALU)-1.215 E -(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 662.4 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .411(If the v) -4.91 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero, the return\ - status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F(is 1.)144 674.4 Q -(This is e)5 E(xactly equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3(let ") -2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(")A F0(.)A F3([[)108 691.2 Q -F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(]])2.5 E F0 1.3 -(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 703.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.299(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F1 -.2(ex) -3.799 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(.)A 2.273 -(Expressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 715.2 R -4.774(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.774 E F2(CONDITION)4.774 E 2.274(AL EXPRES-)-.18 -F(SIONS)144 727.2 Q F5(.)A F0 -.8(Wo)5.633 G 1.133 -(rd splitting and pathname e).8 F 1.133 -(xpansion are not performed on the w)-.15 F 1.133(ords between the)-.1 F -F3([[)3.632 E F0(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(4) -190.115 E 0 Cg EP +2.552(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.552 E F3 .052(ARITHMETIC EV)2.552 F(ALU)-1.215 E +(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 679.2 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .411(If the v) +4.911 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero, the retur\ +n status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F(is 1.)144 691.2 Q +(This is e)5 E(xactly equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(let ") +2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(")A F0(.)A(GNU Bash-3.2)72 +768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(4)193.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(and)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(]])2.963 E F0 2.963(;t)C .463 -(ilde e)-2.963 F .464(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .464(ariable e) --.25 F .464(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .464 -(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.081 -(tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 96 R -.25(va)-.15 G -3.581(la).25 G 1.081(re performed.)-3.581 F 1.081 -(Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F13.58 E F0 -(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 108 Q .502 -(When the)144 126 R F1(==)3.002 E F0(and)3.002 E F1(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(\ +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex) +2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(]])2.5 E F0 1.299 +(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 96 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.3(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.8 G +(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(.)A 2.274 +(Expressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 108 R +4.773(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.773 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)4.773 E +2.273(AL EXPRES-)-.18 F(SIONS)144 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -.8 +(Wo)5.632 G 1.133(rd splitting and pathname e).8 F 1.133 +(xpansion are not performed on the w)-.15 F 1.133(ords between the)-.1 F +F1([[)3.633 E F0(and)144 132 Q F1(]])2.964 E F0 2.964(;t)C .464(ilde e) +-2.964 F .464(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .464(ariable e)-.25 F +.463(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .463(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F +1.081(tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 144 R -.25(va) +-.15 G 3.581(la).25 G 1.081(re performed.)-3.581 F 1.081 +(Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F13.581 E F0 +(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 156 Q .503 +(When the)144 174 R F1(==)3.003 E F0(and)3.002 E F1(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(\ operators are used, the string to the right of the operator is consider\ -ed a pat-)3.002 F 1.225 -(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 138 R 3.724 -(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.724 E F1 -.1(Pa)3.724 G(tter).1 E 3.724(nM)-.15 G -(atching)-3.724 E F0 6.224(.I)C 3.724(ft)-6.224 G 1.224(he shell)-3.724 -F(option)144 150 Q F1(nocasematch)3.404 E F0 .904 -(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.404 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -.905(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.752(characters. The)144 162 R -.251(return v)2.752 F .251(alue is 0 if the string matches \()-.25 F F1 +ed a pat-)3.002 F 1.224 +(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 186 R 3.724 +(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.724 E F1 -.1(Pa)3.724 G(tter).1 E 3.725(nM)-.15 G +(atching)-3.725 E F0 6.225(.I)C 3.725(ft)-6.225 G 1.225(he shell)-3.725 +F(option)144 198 Q F1(nocasematch)3.405 E F0 .904 +(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.405 F -.05(ga)-.15 G +.904(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.751(characters. The)144 210 R +.251(return v)2.751 F .251(alue is 0 if the string matches \()-.25 F F1 (==)A F0 2.751(\)o)C 2.751(rd)-2.751 G .251(oes not match \()-2.751 F F1 -(!=)A F0 2.751(\)t)C .251(he pattern, and)-2.751 F 2.5(1o)144 174 S 2.5 +(!=)A F0 2.751(\)t)C .252(he pattern, and)-2.751 F 2.5(1o)144 222 S 2.5 (therwise. An)-2.5 F 2.5(yp)-.15 G(art of the pattern may be quoted to \ force it to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243 -(An additional binary operator)144 192 R(,)-.4 E F1(=~)2.743 E F0 2.743 +(An additional binary operator)144 240 R(,)-.4 E F1(=~)2.743 E F0 2.743 (,i)C 2.743(sa)-2.743 G -.25(va)-2.943 G .243 (ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F1(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E F1(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F 1.953 (used, the string to the right of the operator is considered an e)144 -204 R 1.953(xtended re)-.15 F 1.953(gular e)-.15 F 1.953(xpression and) --.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 216 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF -.37(re)2.707 G -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 2.707(\(3\)\). The)B .207 -(return v)2.707 F .207 -(alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1)-.25 F 3.346 -(otherwise. If)144 228 R .846(the re)3.346 F .846(gular e)-.15 F .845 +252 R 1.954(xtended re)-.15 F 1.954(gular e)-.15 F 1.954(xpression and) +-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 264 R F2 -.37(re)2.707 G -.1 +(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 2.707(\(3\)\). The)B .207(return v)2.707 F .207 +(alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1)-.25 F 3.345 +(otherwise. If)144 276 R .845(the re)3.345 F .845(gular e)-.15 F .846 (xpression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional e)-.15 F -(xpression')-.15 E 3.345(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.345 E -.25(va)144 240 S .666 +(xpression')-.15 E 3.346(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.346 E -.25(va)144 288 S .667 (lue is 2.).25 F .667(If the shell option)5.667 F F1(nocasematch)3.167 E F0 .667(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.167 F -.05(ga) --.15 G .667(rd to).05 F .379(the case of alphabetic characters.)144 252 -R(An)5.379 E 2.879(yp)-.15 G .378 -(art of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched)-2.879 F -.265(as a string.)144 264 R .265 +-.15 G .666(rd to).05 F .378(the case of alphabetic characters.)144 300 +R(An)5.378 E 2.878(yp)-.15 G .378 +(art of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched)-2.878 F +.265(as a string.)144 312 R .265 (Substrings matched by parenthesized sube)5.265 F .265 (xpressions within the re)-.15 F .265(gular e)-.15 F .265(xpression are) --.15 F(sa)144 276 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.118(di).15 G 3.118(nt)-3.118 G .618 -(he array v)-3.118 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)3.117 G(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH) --.95 E F0 5.617(.T)C .617(he element of)-5.617 F F1 -.3(BA)3.117 G -(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .617(with inde)3.117 F(x)-.15 E 6.882(0i)144 -288 S 6.882(st)-6.882 G 4.382 -(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-6.882 F 4.382(gular e) --.15 F 6.882(xpression. The)-.15 F 4.383(element of)6.883 F F1 -.3(BA) -144 300 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 2.088(with inde)4.588 F(x)-.15 E F2 -(n)4.588 E F0 2.088(is the portion of the string matching the)4.588 F F2 -(n)4.587 E F0 2.087(th parenthesized)B(sube)144 312 Q(xpression.)-.15 E -.785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 330 R .786 +-.15 F(sa)144 324 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.117(di).15 G 3.117(nt)-3.117 G .617 +(he array v)-3.117 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)3.117 G(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH) +-.95 E F0 5.617(.T)C .617(he element of)-5.617 F F1 -.3(BA)3.118 G +(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .618(with inde)3.118 F(x)-.15 E 6.883(0i)144 +336 S 6.883(st)-6.883 G 4.382 +(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-6.883 F 4.382(gular e) +-.15 F 6.882(xpression. The)-.15 F 4.382(element of)6.882 F F1 -.3(BA) +144 348 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 2.087(with inde)4.587 F(x)-.15 E F2 +(n)4.587 E F0 2.088(is the portion of the string matching the)4.587 F F2 +(n)4.588 E F0 2.088(th parenthesized)B(sube)144 360 Q(xpression.)-.15 E +.786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 378 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 -342 Q F1(\()144 360 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\))2.5 E -F0 .523(Returns the v)180 372 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.022 G +390 Q F1(\()144 408 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\))2.5 E +F0 .522(Returns the v)180 420 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.022 G (pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o)-5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F(operators.)180 -384 Q F1(!)144 396 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr) -180 408 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 -E(alse.)-.1 E F2 -.2(ex)144 420 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F1(&&)2.5 E F2 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 432 S(ue if both).35 +432 Q F1(!)144 444 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr) +180 456 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 +E(alse.)-.1 E F2 -.2(ex)144 468 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F1(&&)2.5 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 480 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 444 S(pr).2 E -(ession1)-.37 E/F3 10/Symbol SF2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 456 S(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 492 S(pr).2 E +(ession1)-.37 E/F5 10/Symbol SF2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 504 S(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G (pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 -E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 472.8 Q F1(&&)3.298 E F0(and)3.298 E F3 +E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 520.8 Q F1(&&)3.299 E F0(and)3.299 E F5 3.298 E F0 .798(operators do not e)3.298 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate) .25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.298 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 .798(if the v)3.298 F -.798(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.298 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 .799 -(is suf)3.298 F .799(\214cient to)-.25 F(determine the return v)144 -484.8 Q(alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F1 --.25(fo)108 501.6 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor) +.798(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.298 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 .798 +(is suf)3.298 F .798(\214cient to)-.25 F(determine the return v)144 +532.8 Q(alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F1 +-.25(fo)108 549.6 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor) 2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done) -2.5 E F0 .424(The list of w)144 513.6 R .424(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 -E F1(in)2.924 E F0 .423(is e)2.924 F .423 -(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .423(The v)5.423 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(name)2.923 E F0 .423(is set to)2.923 F .653 -(each element of this list in turn, and)144 525.6 R F2(list)3.153 E F0 +2.5 E F0 .423(The list of w)144 561.6 R .423(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 +E F1(in)2.923 E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423 +(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .424(The v)5.424 F(ariable) +-.25 E F2(name)2.924 E F0 .424(is set to)2.924 F .653 +(each element of this list in turn, and)144 573.6 R F2(list)3.153 E F0 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F .653 (If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 -(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .649(command e) -144 537.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.149 E F0 .648 -(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.898 E(w\).) --.25 E .153(The return status is the e)144 549.6 R .153 -(xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.654 -(cutes. If).15 F .154(the e)2.654 F .154(xpansion of the items)-.15 F -(follo)144 561.6 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 +(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .648(command e) +144 585.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 .648 +(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F3 -.666 +(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.899 E(w\).)-.25 E .154 +(The return status is the e)144 597.6 R .153 +(xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.653 +(cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F +(follo)144 609.6 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 578.4 S(r).25 E +(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 626.4 S(r).25 E F0(\(\()2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F1(do)2.5 E F2 -(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.236(First, the arithmetic e) -144 590.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.736 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) -3.736 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.235 -(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.735(wu)-.25 G -(nder)-3.735 E F4 .561(ARITHMETIC EV)144 602.4 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) --.54 G(ION).855 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .561(The arithmetic e) -5.061 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.061 G(pr2).2 E F0 .562(is then e) -3.062 F -.25(va)-.25 G .562(luated repeatedly until).25 F .592(it e)144 -614.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .592(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.592 F -F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 -(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .591(is e) -3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .591(cuted and the arith-).15 F .228(metic e)144 -626.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.728 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.728 F --.25(va)-.25 G 2.729(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 +(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.235(First, the arithmetic e) +144 638.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) +3.735 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.236 +(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.736(wu)-.25 G +(nder)-3.736 E F3 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 650.4 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) +-.54 G(ION).855 E F4(.)A F0 .562(The arithmetic e)5.062 F(xpression)-.15 +E F2 -.2(ex)3.062 G(pr2).2 E F0 .561(is then e)3.061 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.561(luated repeatedly until).25 F .591(it e)144 662.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G +.591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2) +.2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E +F2(list)3.092 E F0 .592(is e)3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592 +(cuted and the arith-).15 F .229(metic e)144 674.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.729 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.729 +(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 (xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G -2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.729(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.979 G -.229(luates to 1.).25 F .228(The return v)144 638.4 R .228 -(alue is the e)-.25 F .228(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 -(list)2.728 E F0 .227(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cuted, or f) -.15 F .227(alse if an)-.1 F 2.727(yo)-.15 G 2.727(ft)-2.727 G(he)-2.727 -E -.15(ex)144 650.4 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F1 -(select)108 667.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 -.432(The list of w)144 679.2 R .432(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in) -2.932 E F0 .432(is e)2.932 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.) --.15 F .433(The set of e)5.433 F .433(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .843 -(is printed on the standard error)144 691.2 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 -(ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he) --3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .842 -(is omitted, the posi-)3.342 F .064(tional parameters are printed \(see) -144 703.2 R F4 -.666(PA)2.564 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.314 E 2.564 -(w\). The)-.25 F F1(PS3)2.564 E F0 .064(prompt is then displayed and a) -2.564 F .214(line read from the standard input.)144 715.2 R .213 -(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.214 -F 1.537(played w)144 727.2 R 1.537(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.537(alue of) --.25 F F2(name)4.397 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.217 F 4.037(ord. If) --.1 F 1.538(the line is empty)4.038 F 4.038(,t)-.65 G 1.538(he w)-4.038 -F 1.538(ords and)-.1 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E -(5)190.115 E 0 Cg EP +2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.728(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.978 G +.228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 686.4 R .227 +(alue is the e)-.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 +(list)2.728 E F0 .228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f) +.15 F .228(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 +E -.15(ex)144 698.4 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(5)193.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .066(prompt are displayed ag)144 84 R 2.566(ain. If)-.05 F .065 -(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.566 F(An)5.065 E 2.565(yo)-.15 G -.065(ther v)-2.565 F .065(alue read causes)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(name)144 96 Q F0 .759(to be set to null.)3.439 F .759 -(The line read is sa)5.759 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.26(di).15 G 3.26(nt)-3.26 G -.76(he v)-3.26 F(ariable)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.26 E(Y)-.92 -E F0 5.76(.T)C(he)-5.76 E F1(list)3.35 E F0 .76(is e)3.94 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .76(cuted after).15 F .072(each selection until a)144 108 R F2(br) -2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571 -(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F2(select) -2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .071(xit status of the)-.15 F -(last command e)144 120 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(select)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G +F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .433(The list of w)144 +96 R .433(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.933 E F0 .432(is e)2.933 +F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .432(The set of e) +5.432 F .432(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .842 +(is printed on the standard error)144 108 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 +(ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he) +-3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .843 +(is omitted, the posi-)3.343 F .064(tional parameters are printed \(see) +144 120 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.564 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo) +2.314 E 2.564(w\). The)-.25 F F1(PS3)2.564 E F0 .064 +(prompt is then displayed and a)2.564 F .213 +(line read from the standard input.)144 132 R .213 +(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.213 +F 1.538(played w)144 144 R 1.538(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.538(alue of) +-.25 F F2(name)4.398 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.218 F 4.037(ord. If) +-.1 F 1.537(the line is empty)4.037 F 4.037(,t)-.65 G 1.537(he w)-4.037 +F 1.537(ords and)-.1 F .065(prompt are displayed ag)144 156 R 2.565 +(ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.565 F(An) +5.066 E 2.566(yo)-.15 G .066(ther v)-2.566 F .066(alue read causes)-.25 +F F2(name)144 168 Q F0 .76(to be set to null.)3.44 F .76 +(The line read is sa)5.76 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.259(di).15 G 3.259(nt)-3.259 +G .759(he v)-3.259 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(REPL)3.259 E(Y)-.92 E F0 5.759 +(.T)C(he)-5.759 E F2(list)3.349 E F0 .759(is e)3.939 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.759(cuted after).15 F .071(each selection until a)144 180 R F1(br)2.571 +E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571 +(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F1(select) +2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .072(xit status of the)-.15 F +(last command e)144 192 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted.).15 E F2(case)108 136.8 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F2(in)2.5 E F0 -2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F1(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(|)2.5 E F1 -(pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) -2.5 E F2(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 148.8 Q F2(case)3.264 E F0 .764 -(command \214rst e)3.264 F(xpands)-.15 E F1(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 +G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 208.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 +2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) +2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 220.8 Q F1(case)3.265 E F0 .764 +(command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F -F1(pattern)3.264 E F0 .765(in turn, using the)3.264 F .596 -(same matching rules as for pathname e)144 160.8 R .595(xpansion \(see) --.15 F F2 -.1(Pa)3.095 G .595(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.095 E -3.095(w\). The)-.25 F F1(wor)3.095 E(d)-.37 E F0(is)3.095 E -.15(ex)144 -172.8 S 1.092(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.092 +F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .764(in turn, using the)3.264 F .595 +(same matching rules as for pathname e)144 232.8 R .595(xpansion \(see) +-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.095 G .596(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.096 E +3.096(w\). The)-.25 F F2(wor)3.096 E(d)-.37 E F0(is)3.096 E -.15(ex)144 +244.8 S 1.092(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F 1.092(ariable e)-.25 F 1.092 (xpansion, arithmetic substitution, com-)-.15 F 1.268 -(mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 184.8 R -.25 -(va)-.15 G 3.768(l. Each).25 F F1(pattern)3.768 E F0 -.15(ex)3.768 G -1.268(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .353(using tilde e)144 196.8 R +(mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 256.8 R -.25 +(va)-.15 G 3.768(l. Each).25 F F2(pattern)3.768 E F0 -.15(ex)3.768 G +1.269(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .353(using tilde e)144 268.8 R .353(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .353(ariable e)-.25 F .353 -(xpansion, arithmetic substitution, command substi-)-.15 F 1.517 -(tution, and process substitution.)144 208.8 R 1.517 -(If the shell option)6.517 F F2(nocasematch)4.016 E F0 1.516 -(is enabled, the match is per)4.016 F(-)-.2 E 1.346(formed without re) -144 220.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.346 -(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F 1.347 -(When a match is found, the corre-)6.347 F(sponding)144 232.8 Q F1(list) -3.58 E F0 1.08(is e)3.58 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.58(cuted. After).15 F 1.079 -(the \214rst match, no subsequent matches are attempted.)3.579 F 1.079 -(The e)6.079 F(xit)-.15 E .006(status is zero if no pattern matches.)144 -244.8 R .006(Otherwise, it is the e)5.006 F .006 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cuted in) -.15 F F1(list)144 256.8 Q F0(.)A F2(if)108 273.6 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A -F2(then)2.5 E F1(list;)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(elif)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 -(;)A F2(then)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E F2(else)2.5 E -F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F2<8c>A F0(The)144 285.6 Q F2(if)2.978 E F1 -(list)3.068 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F -.478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F2(then)2.978 E -F1(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 -(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F2(elif)2.977 E F1(list)2.977 E F0 -1.087(is e)144 297.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted in turn, and if its e) -.15 F 1.087(xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F2(then)3.587 E -F1(list)3.587 E F0 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088 -(cuted and the).15 F .104(command completes.)144 309.6 R .103 -(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F2(else)2.603 E F1(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e) +(xpansion, arithmetic substitution, command substi-)-.15 F 1.516 +(tution, and process substitution.)144 280.8 R 1.516 +(If the shell option)6.516 F F1(nocasematch)4.016 E F0 1.517 +(is enabled, the match is per)4.017 F(-)-.2 E 1.347(formed without re) +144 292.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.347 +(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F 1.346 +(When a match is found, the corre-)6.347 F(sponding)144 304.8 Q F2(list) +3.579 E F0 1.079(is e)3.579 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.579(cuted. After).15 F +1.079(the \214rst match, no subsequent matches are attempted.)3.579 F +1.08(The e)6.08 F(xit)-.15 E .006(status is zero if no pattern matches.) +144 316.8 R .006(Otherwise, it is the e)5.006 F .006 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .006(cuted in) +.15 F F2(list)144 328.8 Q F0(.)A F1(if)108 345.6 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A +F1(then)2.5 E F2(list;)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(elif)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 +(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E F1(else)2.5 E +F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 357.6 Q F1(if)2.977 E F2 +(list)3.067 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F +.478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F1(then)2.978 E +F2(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 +(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F1(elif)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 +1.088(is e)144 369.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted in turn, and if its e) +.15 F 1.087(xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F1(then)3.587 E +F2(list)3.587 E F0 1.087(is e)3.587 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087 +(cuted and the).15 F .103(command completes.)144 381.6 R .103 +(Otherwise, the)5.103 F F1(else)2.603 E F2(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e) 2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103(cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F -.103(xit status is the e)-.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F -(tus of the last command e)144 321.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F2(while)108 338.4 Q -F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(done)2.5 E -(until)108 350.4 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F2(do)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A -F2(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 362.4 Q F2(while)3.103 E F0 .603 -(command continuously e)3.103 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .603(cutes the).15 F F2 -(do)3.103 E F1(list)3.103 E F0 .603(as long as the last command in)3.103 -F F1(list)3.104 E F0(returns)3.104 E .471(an e)144 374.4 R .471 -(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.471 E F2(until)2.971 E F0 .471 -(command is identical to the)2.971 F F2(while)2.97 E F0 .47(command, e) -2.97 F .47(xcept that the test)-.15 F .095(is ne)144 386.4 R -.05(ga) --.15 G .095(ted; the).05 F F2(do)2.595 E F1(list)2.685 E F0 .095(is e) -3.275 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .095(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F -F1(list)2.685 E F0 .096(returns a non-zero e)3.276 F .096(xit status.) --.15 F 1.307(The e)144 398.4 R 1.307(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(while) -3.807 E F0(and)3.807 E F2(until)3.807 E F0 1.307(commands is the e)3.807 -F 1.306(xit status of the last)-.15 F F2(do)3.806 E F1(list)3.806 E F0 -(command)3.806 E -.15(exe)144 410.4 S(cuted, or zero if none w).15 E -(as e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(Shell Function De\214nitions) -87 427.2 Q F0 2.697(As)108 439.2 S .198 -(hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.697 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G -.198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 -(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 451.2 S .5 -.25(ew s) +.103(xit status is the e)-.15 F .104(xit sta-)-.15 F +(tus of the last command e)144 393.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F1(while)108 410.4 Q +F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E +(until)108 422.4 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A +F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 434.4 Q F1(while)3.104 E F0 .603 +(command continuously e)3.104 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .603(cutes the).15 F F1 +(do)3.103 E F2(list)3.103 E F0 .603(as long as the last command in)3.103 +F F2(list)3.103 E F0(returns)3.103 E .47(an e)144 446.4 R .47 +(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.47 E F1(until)2.97 E F0 .471 +(command is identical to the)2.97 F F1(while)2.971 E F0 .471(command, e) +2.971 F .471(xcept that the test)-.15 F .096(is ne)144 458.4 R -.05(ga) +-.15 G .096(ted; the).05 F F1(do)2.596 E F2(list)2.686 E F0 .095(is e) +3.276 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .095(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F +F2(list)2.685 E F0 .095(returns a non-zero e)3.275 F .095(xit status.) +-.15 F 1.306(The e)144 470.4 R 1.306(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while) +3.806 E F0(and)3.806 E F1(until)3.807 E F0 1.307(commands is the e)3.807 +F 1.307(xit status of the last)-.15 F F1(do)3.807 E F2(list)3.807 E F0 +(command)3.807 E -.15(exe)144 482.4 S(cuted, or zero if none w).15 E +(as e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(Shell Function De\214nitions) +87 499.2 Q F0 2.698(As)108 511.2 S .198 +(hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.698 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G +.198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .197 +(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 523.2 S .5 -.25(ew s) -2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E -(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E([)108 468 Q F2 -(function)2.5 E F0(])2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(\(\))2.5 E F1 -(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 -E F0(])A 1.403(This de\214nes a function named)144 480 R F1(name)3.902 E -F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F2 -(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F 1.402(If the)6.402 F F2 -(function)3.902 E F0(reserv)144 492 Q .162(ed w)-.15 F .162 -(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F(The)5.162 E F1 +(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E([)108 540 Q F1 +(function)2.5 E F0(])2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(\(\))2.5 E F2 +(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 +E F0(])A 1.402(This de\214nes a function named)144 552 R F2(name)3.902 E +F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F1 +(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F 1.403(If the)6.402 F F1 +(function)3.903 E F0(reserv)144 564 Q .162(ed w)-.15 F .162 +(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F(The)5.162 E F2 (body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound)2.662 F(command) -144 504 Q F1(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see)3.354 E F2 .084 +144 576 Q F2(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see)3.354 E F1 .084 (Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.584(\). That) -.15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F1(list)144 516 Q F0 .044 +.15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F2(list)144 588 Q F0 .044 (of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F 2.544 -(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F2 .044(Compound Commands) -2.544 F F0(abo)144 528 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(compound\255command) -6.671 E F0 1.671(is e)4.171 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.671(cuted whene).15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1(name)4.171 E F0 1.671 -(is speci\214ed as the name of a simple)4.171 F 3.008(command. An)144 -540 R 3.009(yr)-.15 G .509(edirections \(see)-3.009 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(REDIRECTION)3.009 E F0(belo)2.759 E .509 -(w\) speci\214ed when a function is de\214ned are)-.25 F .581 -(performed when the function is e)144 552 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.081 -(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.081 G .58 +(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F1 .044(Compound Commands) +2.544 F F0(abo)144 600 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F2(compound\255command) +6.67 E F0 1.67(is e)4.17 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.671(cuted whene).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2(name)4.171 E F0 1.671 +(is speci\214ed as the name of a simple)4.171 F 3.009(command. An)144 +612 R 3.009(yr)-.15 G .509(edirections \(see)-3.009 F F3(REDIRECTION) +3.009 E F0(belo)2.759 E .509 +(w\) speci\214ed when a function is de\214ned are)-.25 F .58 +(performed when the function is e)144 624 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.08 +(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.081 G .581 (it status of a function de\214nition is zero unless a).15 F .177(synta\ x error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 -564 R 2.678(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)2.678 G .178(cuted, the).15 F --.15(ex)144 576 S .64(it status of a function is the e).15 F .64 +636 R 2.677(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)2.677 G .177(cuted, the).15 F +-.15(ex)144 648 S .64(it status of a function is the e).15 F .64 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .64 (cuted in the body).15 F 5.64(.\()-.65 G(See)-5.64 E F3(FUNC-)3.14 E -(TIONS)144 588 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)72 604.8 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 -616.8 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell in which the).15 F F2(interacti)3.482 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F2(shopt)3.482 E -F0 -.2(bu)108 628.8 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B) -3.452 F(UIL)-.09 E .952(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952 -(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F2(#)3.451 E -F0 .951(causes that w)3.451 F(ord)-.1 E .604 -(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 640.8 R -.605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the) -.15 F F2(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 652.8 Q F0 -1.337(option enabled does not allo)3.837 F 3.837(wc)-.25 G 3.836 -(omments. The)-3.837 F F2(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E -F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 -664.8 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 681.6 S -.438(OT) -.11 G(ING).438 E F1(Quoting)108 693.6 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F -.777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477 -(he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 F .477 -(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185 -(used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 -705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 -(ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 717.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2007 September 14)135.125 E(6)190.115 E 0 Cg EP +(TIONS)144 660 Q F0(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMENTS)72 676.8 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 +688.8 R 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell in which the).15 F F1(interacti)3.482 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F1(shopt)3.482 E +F0 -.2(bu)108 700.8 S .951(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B) +3.451 F(UIL)-.09 E .952(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952 +(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)3.452 E +F0 .952(causes that w)3.452 F(ord)-.1 E .605 +(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 712.8 R +.604(An interacti)5.605 F .904 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .604(hell without the) +.15 F F1(interacti)3.104 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 724.8 Q F0 +1.336(option enabled does not allo)3.836 F 3.836(wc)-.25 G 3.836 +(omments. The)-3.836 F F1(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +F0 1.337(option is on by def)3.837 F 1.337(ault in)-.1 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 +768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(6)193.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .288(Each of the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(metac)2.788 E -(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288(listed abo)2.788 F .588 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(DEFINITIONS)2.788 E F0 .288 +-.35 E(interacti)108 84 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(QU)72 100.8 S -.438(OT).11 G(ING).438 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(Quoting)108 112.8 Q F0 .478(is used to remo)2.978 F +.777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477 +(he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 F .477 +(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .477(Quoting can be)5.477 F .184 +(used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 +124.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .185(ed w)-.15 F .185 +(ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 136.8 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .289(Each of the)108 +153.6 R F2(metac)2.789 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288 +(listed abo)2.789 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(DEFINITIONS)2.788 E F0 .288 (has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F -(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 96 Q 1.345 -(When the command history e)108 112.8 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 -(acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 -(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) --.25 F F1(history e)108 124.8 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 -(,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C +(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 165.6 Q 1.344 +(When the command history e)108 182.4 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 +(acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 +(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.595 E 1.345(w\), the) +-.25 F F2(history e)108 194.4 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 +(,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C (ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 141.6 Q F1 +(xpansion.)-.15 E(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 211.2 Q F2 (escape c)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G -(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.974(An)108 158.4 S .474 -(on-quoted backslash \()-2.974 F F3(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 -G(he)-2.974 E F1 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474 +(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.975(An)108 228 S .475 +(on-quoted backslash \()-2.975 F F4(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 +G(he)-2.974 E F2 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474 (.I).73 G 2.974(tp)-5.474 G(reserv)-2.974 E .474(es the literal v)-.15 F -.474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .475(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 170.4 -Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of . If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F3(\\)4.053 E F0( pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.122 -(quoted, the)108 182.4 R F3(\\)3.622 E F0(. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F4(\\)4.053 E F0( pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.123 +(quoted, the)108 252 R F4(\\)3.623 E F0( is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.123(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F -(ef)108 194.4 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 -(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 211.2 R .295 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.122(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F +(ef)108 264 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 +(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 280.8 R .295 (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.) -.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E -(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 223.2 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 -(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 240 R .034 +(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 292.8 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .034 +(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 309.6 R .034 (es the literal v)-.15 F .034 (alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108 -252 S .828(ception of).15 F F3($)3.328 E F0(,)A F3<92>3.328 E F0(,)A F3 -(\\)3.328 E F0 3.328(,a)C .828(nd, when history e)-3.328 F .828 -(xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F3(!)3.328 E F0 5.828(.T)C .828 -(he characters)-5.828 F F3($)3.328 E F0(and)3.328 E F3<92>3.328 E F0 -.827(retain their special)3.328 F .074(meaning within double quotes.)108 -264 R .074(The backslash retains its special meaning only when follo) -5.074 F .075(wed by one of the)-.25 F(follo)108 276 Q .205 -(wing characters:)-.25 F F3($)2.705 E F0(,)A F3<92>2.705 E F0(,)A F3(") -3.538 E F0(,).833 E F3(\\)2.705 E F0 2.705(,o)C(r)-2.705 E F3() -2.705 E F0 5.205(.A)C .204 -(double quote may be quoted within double quotes by pre-)-2.5 F .081 -(ceding it with a backslash.)108 288 R .082(If enabled, history e)5.082 -F .082(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F3(!)2.582 E F0 .082 -(appearing in double)5.082 F(quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 -300 Q(The backslash preceding the)5 E F3(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 316.8 Q F3(*)2.5 E F0 -(and)2.5 E F3(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H -(pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 333.6 S .212 -(rds of the form).8 F F3($)2.712 E F0<08>A F1(string)A F0 2.712<0861>C -.211(re treated specially)-2.712 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F -.211(ord e)-.1 F .211(xpands to)-.15 F F1(string)2.711 E F0 2.711(,w)C -.211(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.711 F(-)-.2 E .604 -(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 345.6 R .605 +321.6 S .827(ception of).15 F F4($)3.327 E F0(,)A F4<92>3.328 E F0(,)A +F4(\\)3.328 E F0 3.328(,a)C .828(nd, when history e)-3.328 F .828 +(xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F4(!)3.328 E F0 5.828(.T)C .828 +(he characters)-5.828 F F4($)3.328 E F0(and)3.328 E F4<92>3.328 E F0 +.828(retain their special)3.328 F .075(meaning within double quotes.)108 +333.6 R .074(The backslash retains its special meaning only when follo) +5.075 F .074(wed by one of the)-.25 F(follo)108 345.6 Q .204 +(wing characters:)-.25 F F4($)2.704 E F0(,)A F4<92>2.704 E F0(,)A F4(") +3.537 E F0(,).833 E F4(\\)2.704 E F0 2.704(,o)C(r)-2.704 E F4() +2.705 E F0 5.205(.A)C .205 +(double quote may be quoted within double quotes by pre-)-2.5 F .082 +(ceding it with a backslash.)108 357.6 R .082(If enabled, history e) +5.082 F .082(xpansion will be performed unless an)-.15 F F4(!)2.581 E F0 +.081(appearing in double)5.081 F(quotes is escaped using a backslash.) +108 369.6 Q(The backslash preceding the)5 E F4(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 386.4 Q F4(*)2.5 E +F0(and)2.5 E F4(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H +(pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G +(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 403.2 S .211 +(rds of the form).8 F F4($)2.711 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 2.711<0861>C +.211(re treated specially)-2.711 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F +.211(ord e)-.1 F .212(xpands to)-.15 F F2(string)2.712 E F0 2.712(,w)C +.212(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.712 F(-)-.2 E .605 +(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 415.2 R .604 (Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded)5.605 F(as follo) -108 357.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3(\\a)144 369.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F3 -(\\b)144 381.6 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F3(\\e)144 393.6 Q F0 -(an escape character)28.78 E F3(\\f)144 405.6 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F3 -(\\n)144 417.6 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F3(\\r)144 429.6 -Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F3(\\t)144 441.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 -E F3(\\v)144 453.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F3(\\\\)144 -465.6 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F3<5c08>144 477.6 Q F0(single quote)30.44 E -F3(\\)144 489.6 Q F1(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E -(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F3(\\x)144 501.6 Q F1(HH)A F0 +108 427.2 Q(ws:)-.25 E F4(\\a)144 439.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F4 +(\\b)144 451.2 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F4(\\e)144 463.2 Q F0 +(an escape character)28.78 E F4(\\f)144 475.2 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F4 +(\\n)144 487.2 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F4(\\r)144 499.2 +Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F4(\\t)144 511.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 +E F4(\\v)144 523.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F4(\\\\)144 +535.2 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F4<5c08>144 547.2 Q F0(single quote)30.44 E +F4(\\)144 559.2 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E +(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 +(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F4(\\x)144 571.2 Q F2(HH)A F0 (the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F3(\\c)144 513.6 Q F1(x)A F0 2.5 -(ac)24.34 G(ontrol-)-2.5 E F1(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 530.4 Q(\ -xpanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been pre\ -sent.)-.15 E 2.986(Ad)108 547.2 S .486 -(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.986 F F3($)A F0 -2.986(\)w)C .485(ill cause the string to be translated according to the) --2.986 F .117(current locale.)108 559.2 R .117(If the current locale is) -5.117 F F3(C)2.617 E F0(or)2.617 E F3(POSIX)2.617 E F0 2.617(,t)C .118 -(he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.617 F .118 -(If the string is translated and)5.118 F -(replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 571.2 Q/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 588 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 600 Q F1(par) -4.593 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .843(is an entity that stores v)4.073 F 3.343 -(alues. It)-.25 F .843(can be a)3.343 F F1(name)3.342 E F0 3.342(,an).18 -G(umber)-3.342 E 3.342(,o)-.4 G 3.342(ro)-3.342 G .842 -(ne of the special characters)-3.342 F .822(listed belo)108 612 R 3.323 -(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F3 .823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 -5.823(.A)C F1(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a)3.503 -F F1(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823(riable has a).25 -F F1(value)108 624 Q F0 .369(and zero or more)2.869 F F1(attrib)2.869 E -(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 -(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F3(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.868 G .368(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -(belo)108 636 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 2.754(Ap)108 652.8 -S .254(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.754 F 2.754 -(alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .255(alid v)-.25 F -2.755(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.755(av)2.755 G .255(ariable is set, it)-3.005 -F(may be unset only by using the)108 664.8 Q F3(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 681.6 Q F1(variable)2.79 E F0 -(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F1(name)144 698.4 -Q F0(=[)A F1(value)A F0(])A(If)108 715.2 Q F1(value)3.023 E F0 .233 -(is not gi)2.913 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .233(n, the v).15 F .232 -(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.232 E F1(values)3.022 -E F0(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232(xpansion, parameter)-.15 -F .515(and v)108 727.2 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 -(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see) --3.015 E F2(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2007 September 14)135.125 E(7)190.115 E 0 Cg EP +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F4(\\c)144 583.2 Q F2(x)A F0 2.5 +(ac)24.34 G(ontrol-)-2.5 E F2(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 600 Q(xp\ +anded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been prese\ +nt.)-.15 E 2.985(Ad)108 616.8 S .485 +(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.985 F F4($)A F0 +2.986(\)w)C .486(ill cause the string to be translated according to the) +-2.986 F .118(current locale.)108 628.8 R .118(If the current locale is) +5.118 F F4(C)2.618 E F0(or)2.618 E F4(POSIX)2.618 E F0 2.618(,t)C .117 +(he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.618 F .117 +(If the string is translated and)5.117 F +(replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 640.8 Q F1 -.81(PA)72 +657.6 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 669.6 Q F2(par)4.592 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.842(is an entity that stores v)4.072 F 3.342(alues. It)-.25 F .842 +(can be a)3.342 F F2(name)3.343 E F0 3.343(,an).18 G(umber)-3.343 E +3.343(,o)-.4 G 3.343(ro)-3.343 G .843(ne of the special characters) +-3.343 F .823(listed belo)108 681.6 R 3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F4 +.823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 5.823(.A)C F2(variable)-2.21 E +F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a)3.503 F F2(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A) +.18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823(riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 693.6 Q F0 +.368(and zero or more)2.868 F F2(attrib)2.868 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C +(ttrib)-5.369 E .369(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F4(declar)2.869 E +(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.869 G .369(iltin command \(see).2 F F4(declar) +2.869 E(e)-.18 E F0(belo)108 705.6 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F3(SHELL B) +2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 +2.755(Ap)108 722.4 S .255(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v) +-2.755 F 2.754(alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .254 +(alid v)-.25 F 2.754(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.754(av)2.754 G .254 +(ariable is set, it)-3.004 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5) +138.465 E(7)193.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(belo)108 84 Q 2.699(w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199 -(ariable has its)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib) -2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)2.988 E -F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .198(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F -.198(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .901 -(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 96 R .901(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F -F1 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F F0(belo)3.401 E 3.402(w\). W)-.25 F -.902(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.179(with the e)108 108 R -1.179(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.679 E F0 1.179(as e)3.679 F 1.179 -(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.178(Special P) -3.678 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.178(.P)C 1.178(athname e)-6.328 F 1.178 -(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.648(performed. Assignment)108 120 R 1.148 -(statements may also appear as ar)3.648 F 1.149(guments to the)-.18 F F1 -(alias)3.649 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.649 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.649 -E F0(,)A F1(export)3.649 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 132 S(adonly).18 E F0 +-.35 E(may be unset only by using the)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) +-.25 E(A)108 100.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(variable)2.79 E F0 +(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F3(name)144 117.6 +Q F0(=[)A F3(value)A F0(])A(If)108 134.4 Q F3(value)3.022 E F0 .232 +(is not gi)2.912 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .232(n, the v).15 F .232 +(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.233 E F3(values)3.023 +E F0(under)3.003 E .233(go tilde e)-.18 F .233(xpansion, parameter)-.15 +F .515(and v)108 146.4 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 +(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see) +-3.015 E F2(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 158.4 Q 2.698 +(w\). If)-.25 F .198(the v)2.698 F .198(ariable has its)-.25 F F1 +(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F3(value) +2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .199 +(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .199(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n).15 E .902(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 170.4 R .902 +(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F +F0(belo)3.401 E 3.401(w\). W)-.25 F .901 +(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.178(with the e)108 182.4 R +1.178(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.678 E F0 1.178(as e)3.678 F 1.179 +(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.179(Special P) +3.679 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.179(.P)C 1.179(athname e)-6.329 F 1.179 +(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.649(performed. Assignment)108 194.4 R 1.149 +(statements may also appear as ar)3.649 F 1.148(guments to the)-.18 F F1 +(alias)3.648 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.648 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.648 +E F0(,)A F1(export)3.648 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 206.4 S(adonly).18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(local)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin commands.).2 E -.377(In the conte)108 148.8 R .377 +.376(In the conte)108 223.2 R .376 (xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 F .376 -(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .376(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .376 +(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .377(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .377 (x, the +=)-.15 F .257 -(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 160.8 R(ariable') +(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 235.2 R(ariable') -.25 E 2.757(sp)-.55 G(re)-2.757 E .257(vious v)-.25 F 2.757(alue. When) --.25 F .257(+= is applied to a v)2.757 F(ariable)-.25 E .373 -(for which the inte)108 172.8 R .373(ger attrib)-.15 F .372 -(ute has been set,)-.2 F F2(value)2.872 E F0 .372(is e)2.872 F -.25(va) --.25 G .372(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .372 -(xpression and added to the)-.15 F -.25(va)108 184.8 S(riable').25 E -2.888(sc)-.55 G .388(urrent v)-2.888 F .388(alue, which is also e)-.25 F +-.25 F .257(+= is applied to a v)2.757 F(ariable)-.25 E .372 +(for which the inte)108 247.2 R .372(ger attrib)-.15 F .372 +(ute has been set,)-.2 F F3(value)2.872 E F0 .372(is e)2.872 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .372(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .373 +(xpression and added to the)-.15 F -.25(va)108 259.2 S(riable').25 E +2.889(sc)-.55 G .389(urrent v)-2.889 F .389(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.889(luated. When).25 F .389 -(+= is applied to an array v)2.889 F .389(ariable using compound)-.25 F -.186(assignment \(see)108 196.8 R F1(Arrays)2.686 E F0(belo)2.686 E .186 +(+= is applied to an array v)2.889 F .388(ariable using compound)-.25 F +.185(assignment \(see)108 271.2 R F1(Arrays)2.685 E F0(belo)2.685 E .185 (w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.685(sv)-.55 G .185 -(alue is not unset \(as it is when using =\), and ne)-2.935 F 2.685(wv) --.25 G .185(alues are)-2.935 F .32(appended to the array be)108 208.8 R +(alue is not unset \(as it is when using =\), and ne)-2.935 F 2.686(wv) +-.25 G .186(alues are)-2.936 F .32(appended to the array be)108 283.2 R .32(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 2.82(sm)-.55 G .32 (aximum inde)-2.82 F 2.82(x. When)-.15 F .32(applied to a string-)2.82 F --.25(va)108 220.8 S(lued v).25 E(ariable,)-.25 E F2(value)2.5 E F0(is e) +-.25(va)108 295.2 S(lued v).25 E(ariable,)-.25 E F3(value)2.5 E F0(is e) 2.5 E(xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G -(alue.)-2.75 E F1 -.2(Po)87 237.6 S(sitional P).2 E(arameters)-.1 E F0 -(A)108 249.6 Q F2 .706(positional par)4.456 F(ameter)-.15 E F0 .706(is \ -a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit \ -0.)3.936 F(Posi-)5.705 E .444 -(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 261.6 R 2.944(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G .445(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 273.6 Q F1 -(set)3.334 E F0 -.2(bu)3.334 G .834(iltin command.).2 F .833(Positional\ - parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.834 F -(The)5.833 E .334(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a\ - shell function is e)108 285.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .334(cuted \(see).15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.834 E F0(belo)2.584 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.404(When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digi\ -t is e)108 302.4 R 1.403(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F -(braces \(see)108 314.4 Q F3(EXP)2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F1(Special P)87 331.2 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.674 -(The shell treats se)108 343.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.674 -(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.675 +(alue.)-2.75 E F1 -.2(Po)87 312 S(sitional P).2 E(arameters)-.1 E F0(A) +108 324 Q F3 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter)-.15 E F0 .706(is a par\ +ameter denoted by one or more digits, other than the single digit 0.) +3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445 +(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 336 R 2.944(sa)-.55 +G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 348 Q F1(set)3.333 +E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional parameters\ + may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F(The)5.834 E +.334(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell functi\ +on is e)108 360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .333(cuted \(see).15 F F2(FUNCTIONS) +2.833 E F0(belo)2.583 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.403(When a positional parameter c\ +onsisting of more than a single digit is e)108 376.8 R 1.404 +(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 388.8 Q F2(EXP) +2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Special P)87 405.6 Q +(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.675(The shell treats se)108 417.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +1.675(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.674 (hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)-6.675 F -(them is not allo)108 355.2 Q(wed.)-.25 E F1(*)108 367.2 Q F0 .606 -(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)31 F .605 -(When the e)5.605 F .605(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .083 -(ble quotes, it e)144 379.2 R .084(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .084 +(them is not allo)108 429.6 Q(wed.)-.25 E F1(*)108 441.6 Q F0 .605 +(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)31 F .606 +(When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .084 +(ble quotes, it e)144 453.6 R .084(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .084 (ord with the v)-.1 F .084 (alue of each parameter separated by the \214rst char)-.25 F(-)-.2 E -.004(acter of the)144 391.2 R F3(IFS)2.503 E F0 .003(special v)2.253 F +.003(acter of the)144 465.6 R F2(IFS)2.503 E F0 .003(special v)2.253 F 2.503(ariable. That)-.25 F .003(is, ")2.503 F F1($*)A F0 2.503("i)C 2.503(se)-2.503 G(qui)-2.503 E -.25(va)-.25 G .003(lent to ").25 F F1 -($1)A F2(c)A F1($2)A F2(c)A F1(...)A F0 .003(", where)B F2(c)2.703 E F0 -.003(is the \214rst char)2.813 F(-)-.2 E .768(acter of the v)144 403.2 R -.768(alue of the)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.268 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G 3.268 -(riable. If).25 F F3(IFS)3.268 E F0 .769 -(is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.)3.018 F(If)5.769 E F3 -(IFS)144 415.2 Q F0(is null, the parameters are joined without interv) -2.25 E(ening separators.)-.15 E F1(@)108 427.2 Q F0 .606 -(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)26.7 F .605 -(When the e)5.605 F .605(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .113 -(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 439.2 R .113(xpands to a separate w) --.15 F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .114(is, ")2.614 F F1($@)A F0 2.614("i)C -2.614(se)-2.614 G(qui)-2.614 E -.25(va)-.25 G .114(lent to ").25 F F1 -($1)A F0 2.614("")C F1($2)-2.614 E F0 2.614(".)C(..)-2.614 E .135 -(If the double-quoted e)144 451.2 R .135(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 -F .135(ord, the e)-.1 F .134 -(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined)-.15 F .15(with the be)144 -463.2 R .15(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .151(ord, and the e) --.1 F .151(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .338 -(the last part of the original w)144 475.2 R 2.838(ord. When)-.1 F .337 -(there are no positional parameters, ")2.838 F F1($@)A F0 2.837("a)C(nd) --2.837 E F1($@)2.837 E F0 -.15(ex)2.837 G(pand).15 E -(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 487.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 499.2 Q F0 +($1)A F3(c)A F1($2)A F3(c)A F1(...)A F0 .003(", where)B F3(c)2.703 E F0 +.004(is the \214rst char)2.813 F(-)-.2 E .769(acter of the v)144 477.6 R +.769(alue of the)-.25 F F2(IFS)3.269 E F0 -.25(va)3.019 G 3.269 +(riable. If).25 F F2(IFS)3.268 E F0 .768 +(is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.)3.018 F(If)5.768 E F2 +(IFS)144 489.6 Q F0(is null, the parameters are joined without interv) +2.25 E(ening separators.)-.15 E F1(@)108 501.6 Q F0 .605 +(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)26.7 F .606 +(When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .114 +(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 513.6 R .114(xpands to a separate w) +-.15 F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .113(is, ")2.613 F F1($@)A F0 2.613("i)C +2.613(se)-2.613 G(qui)-2.613 E -.25(va)-.25 G .113(lent to ").25 F F1 +($1)A F0 2.613("")C F1($2)-2.613 E F0 2.613(".)C(..)-2.613 E .134 +(If the double-quoted e)144 525.6 R .134(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 +F .135(ord, the e)-.1 F .135 +(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined)-.15 F .151(with the be)144 +537.6 R .151(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .151(ord, and the e) +-.1 F .15(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .337 +(the last part of the original w)144 549.6 R 2.837(ord. When)-.1 F .338 +(there are no positional parameters, ")2.837 F F1($@)A F0 2.838("a)C(nd) +-2.838 E F1($@)2.838 E F0 -.15(ex)2.838 G(pand).15 E +(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 561.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F1(#)108 573.6 Q F0 (Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)31 E F1(?) -108 511.2 Q F0(Expands to the status of the most recently e)31 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F1108 523.2 Q F0 -.881(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)30.3 F --.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 G -.882(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) -144 535.2 Q F12.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F1($)108 547.2 Q F0 .214 +108 585.6 Q F0(Expands to the status of the most recently e)31 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F1108 597.6 Q F0 +.882(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)30.3 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G +.881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) +144 609.6 Q F12.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F1($)108 621.6 Q F0 .214 (Expands to the process ID of the shell.)31 F .214 (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214 (xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F -(shell, not the subshell.)144 559.2 Q F1(!)108 571.2 Q F0 +(shell, not the subshell.)144 633.6 Q F1(!)108 645.6 Q F0 (Expands to the process ID of the most recently e)32.67 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted background \(asynchronous\) command.).15 E F1(0)108 583.2 Q F0 -1.691(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)31 F 1.692 -(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.692 E F1(bash)4.192 E -F0(is)4.192 E(in)144 595.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(dw).1 G .578 -(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.078 F F1($0)3.078 E F0 .578 -(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.078 F(If)5.577 E F1(bash)3.077 E -F0 .577(is started with the)3.077 F F13.077 E F0 .368 -(option, then)144 607.2 R F1($0)2.869 E F0 .369 +(cuted background \(asynchronous\) command.).15 E F1(0)108 657.6 Q F0 +1.692(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)31 F 1.691 +(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.691 E F1(bash)4.191 E +F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 669.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 +(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.077 F F1($0)3.077 E F0 .578 +(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.077 F(If)5.578 E F1(bash)3.078 E +F0 .578(is started with the)3.078 F F13.078 E F0 .369 +(option, then)144 681.6 R F1($0)2.869 E F0 .369 (is set to the \214rst ar)2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.369 E -(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214le name used to in)144 619.2 Q -.2 +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.368 E +(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214le name used to in)144 693.6 Q -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25 (iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E -F1(_)108 631.2 Q F0 .055 +F1(_)108 705.6 Q F0 .054 (At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)31 F -.2(vo) --.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .054(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .691(as passed in the en)144 643.2 R .691 +-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .055(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .692(as passed in the en)144 717.6 R .692 (vironment or ar)-.4 F .691(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E -3.191(,e)-.65 G .692(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .692(gument to the) --.18 F(pre)144 655.2 Q .571(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.071 +3.191(,e)-.65 G .691(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .691(gument to the) +-.18 F(pre)144 729.6 Q .57(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.07 (xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571(set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F --.2(vo)-.4 G .77 -.1(ke e).2 H .57(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 667.2 S -1.6(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 -(xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6(When checking mail, this)6.6 F -(parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently being check)144 -679.2 Q(ed.)-.1 E F1(Shell V)87 696 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 -708 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2) -72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(8)190.115 E 0 Cg EP +-.2(vo)-.4 G .771 -.1(ke e).2 H .571(ach command).1 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 +768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(8)193.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH).3 E F0 +-.35 E -.15(exe)144 84 S 1.6(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6 +(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6(xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6 +(When checking mail, this)6.6 F +(parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently being check)144 +96 Q(ed.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Shell V)87 112.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E +F0(The follo)108 124.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:) +-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 141.6 S(SH).3 E F0 (Expands to the full \214le name used to in)9.07 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1 -(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 96 S -(SHPID).3 E F0 .466 -(Expands to the process id of the current bash process.)144 108 R .465 -(This dif)5.466 F .465(fers from)-.25 F F1($$)2.965 E F0 .465 -(under certain circum-)2.965 F(stances, such as subshells that do not r\ -equire bash to be re-initialized.)144 120 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 132 S(SH_ARGC) -.3 E F0 1.039(An array v)144 144 R 1.039(ariable whose v)-.25 F 1.039 +(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 153.6 +S(SHPID).3 E F0 .465 +(Expands to the process id of the current bash process.)144 165.6 R .466 +(This dif)5.466 F .466(fers from)-.25 F F1($$)2.966 E F0 .466 +(under certain circum-)2.966 F(stances, such as subshells that do not r\ +equire bash to be re-initialized.)144 177.6 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 189.6 S +(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 1.04(An array v)144 201.6 R 1.04(ariable whose v)-.25 F +1.039 (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current bash) --.25 F -.15(exe)144 156 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535(The number\ - of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell function or script) -5.535 F -.15(exe)144 168 S .141(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.641 E F0(or) -2.641 E F1(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa)-2.641 G 2.641 -(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142 -(When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142 -(cuted, the number of).15 F 1.525(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 -180 R F1 -.3(BA)4.024 G(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 6.524(.T)C 1.524(he shell sets) --6.524 F F1 -.3(BA)4.024 G(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 1.524(only when in)4.024 F --.15(ex)144 192 S(tended deb).15 E +-.25 F -.15(exe)144 213.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535(The numb\ +er of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell function or script) +5.535 F -.15(exe)144 225.6 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.642 E F0(or) +2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa)-2.642 G 2.642 +(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 +(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 +(cuted, the number of).15 F 1.524(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 +237.6 R F1 -.3(BA)4.024 G(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 6.524(.T)C 1.524 +(he shell sets)-6.524 F F1 -.3(BA)4.024 G(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 1.525 +(only when in)4.024 F -.15(ex)144 249.6 S(tended deb).15 E (ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E -(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 204 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 1.091(An array v)144 216 -R 1.091(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current bash e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.092(cution call stack.).15 F(The)6.092 E .275(\ -\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the stac\ -k; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 228 R 1.424 -(call is at the bottom.)144 240 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F +(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 261.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 1.092(An array v)144 +273.6 R 1.091 +(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current bash e)-.25 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.091(cution call stack.).15 F(The)6.091 E .275(\214nal \ +parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the \ +\214rst parameter of the initial)144 285.6 R 1.424 +(call is at the bottom.)144 297.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 -F F1 -.3(BA)144 252 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 6.091(.T)C 1.091(he shell sets) --6.091 F F1 -.3(BA)3.591 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 1.091(only when in e)3.591 F -1.091(xtended deb)-.15 F 1.09(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F -(description of the)144 264 Q F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the) -2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)108 276 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242(The command currently being e)144 -288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.243(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a) -.15 F +F F1 -.3(BA)144 309.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 6.09(.T)C 1.09(he shell sets) +-6.09 F F1 -.3(BA)3.591 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 1.091(only when in e)3.591 F +1.091(xtended deb)-.15 F 1.091(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F +(description of the)144 321.6 Q F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\)) +-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 333.6 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.243 +(The command currently being e)144 345.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 +(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 -300 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 -312 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 324 Q +357.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA) +108 369.6 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 381.6 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .034 -(An array v)144 348 R .034(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les corresponding to each mem-)-.25 F 2.944(ber of)144 360 -R F1(FUNCN)5.444 E(AME)-.2 E F0(.)A F1(${B)7.944 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 2.944 +(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 393.6 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .034 +(An array v)144 405.6 R .034(ariable whose members are the line numbers\ + in source \214les corresponding to each mem-)-.25 F 2.945(ber of)144 +417.6 R F1(FUNCN)5.445 E(AME)-.2 E F0(.)A F1(${B)7.944 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 +E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 2.944 (is the line number in the source \214le where)5.444 F F1(${FUNCN)144 -372 Q(AME[)-.2 E F2($ifP)A F1(]})A F2 12.109(was called.)14.609 F 12.109 -(The corr)17.109 F 12.109(esponding sour)-.37 F 12.108 -(ce \214le name is)-.37 F F1(${B)144 384 Q(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 -2.5(]}. Use)B(LINENO to obtain the curr)2.5 E(ent line number)-.18 E(.) --1 E -.3(BA)108 396 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 408 -R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 E F0 -.006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006 -(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 420 R .007 +429.6 Q(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)3.311 G 3.311(sc).1 G .811 +(alled \(or)-3.311 F F1(${B)3.311 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i-1)A F1(]})A +F0 .811(if referenced within another shell)3.311 F 4.512 +(function\). The)144 441.6 R 2.012(corresponding source \214le name is) +4.512 F F1(${B)4.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 4.512(]}. Use)B +2.012(LINENO to)4.512 F(obtain the curr)144 453.6 Q(ent line number)-.18 +E(.)-1 E -.3(BA)108 465.6 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v) +144 477.6 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~) +2.506 E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006 +(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 489.6 R .007 (element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 (he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) --.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 432 R(x)-.15 E +-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 501.6 R(x)-.15 E F2(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F F2(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 -(sion. 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The)-.15 F .402(initial v)2.902 F -.402(alue is)-.25 F(0.)144 516 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 528 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 -2.645(Ar)144 540 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 +.402(alue is)-.25 F(0.)144 585.6 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 597.6 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 +E F0 2.645(Ar)144 609.6 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 (ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 (ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 -(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 552 S +(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 621.6 S (lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)144 570 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)24.74 E +(BA)144 639.6 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)24.74 E (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3 -(BA)144 582 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)24.74 E +(BA)144 651.6 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)24.74 E (ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) -144 594 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v)5.397 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 699.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 -(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 711.6 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 -E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14) -135.125 E(9)190.115 E 0 Cg EP +F2(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 699.6 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A +F1(])A F0(The v)24.74 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(9)193.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_KEY)108 84 Q F0(The k)144 96 Q .3 -.15 -(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15 -(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H -(he current completion function.).1 E 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If)144 343.2 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.126 E +384 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 400.8 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 +1.283(The set of characters that the Readline library treats as w)144 +412.8 R 1.284(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126 +(completion. If)144 424.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.126 E (ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626(is unset, it loses its special properties, e) 2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 -G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 355.2 Q F1(COMP_W) -108 372 Q(ORDS)-.1 E F0 .653(An array v)144 384 R .653(ariable \(see) --.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E F0(belo)3.153 E .654 +G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 436.8 Q F1(COMP_W) +108 453.6 Q(ORDS)-.1 E F0 .653(An array v)144 465.6 R .653 +(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E F0(belo)3.153 E .654 (w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w)-.25 F .654 -(ords in the current command)-.1 F 3.567(line. The)144 396 R -.1(wo) +(ords in the current command)-.1 F 3.567(line. The)144 477.6 R -.1(wo) 3.567 G 1.067 (rds are split on shell metacharacters as the shell parser w).1 F 1.066 -(ould separate them.)-.1 F(This)6.066 E -.25(va)144 408 S .003 +(ould separate them.)-.1 F(This)6.066 E -.25(va)144 489.6 S .003 (riable is a).25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .004(ilable only in shell functions in) .25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.504(db).1 G 2.504(yt)-2.504 G .004 (he programmable completion f)-2.504 F .004(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr) -144 420 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(DIRST)108 436.8 Q -.55(AC)-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 448.8 R +144 501.6 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(DIRST)108 518.4 Q -.55(AC)-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 530.4 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 460.8 R 3.594 +1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 542.4 R 3.594 (ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 -(members of this array v)144 472.8 R 1.432 +(members of this array v)144 554.4 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 484.8 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 566.4 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 496.8 R +F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 578.4 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 508.8 Q F1(EUID)108 -525.6 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)11 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u) +(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 590.4 Q F1(EUID)108 +607.2 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)11 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u) -.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 (nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 537.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 554.4 Q -(AME)-.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 566.4 R .479 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 619.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 636 Q(AME) +-.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 648 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) -.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 -(The element with inde)144 578.4 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G -.276(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe) --.15 G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F -.25(element is)144 590.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.75 E F0 5.25(.T)C -.25(his v)-5.25 F .25(ariable e)-.25 F .25 +(The element with inde)144 660 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 +(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .25 +(element is)144 672 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.75 E F0 5.25(.T)C .25 +(his v)-5.25 F .25(ariable e)-.25 F .25 (xists only when a shell function is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.75 -(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.75 E F3(FUNCN)144 602.4 Q(AME)-.18 E F0 +(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.75 E F3(FUNCN)144 684 Q(AME)-.18 E F0 (ha)2.634 E .684 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.884(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.884 G .384 (ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.385 E F3(FUNCN)2.885 E(AME) -.18 E F0 .385(is unset, it loses its special)2.635 F(properties, e)144 -614.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss) --2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(GR)108 631.2 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 -(An array v)144 643.2 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of \ -which the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 -E .596(ments to)144 655.2 R F3(GR)3.096 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.847 E .897 --.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.097(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.097 G .597 -(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.597 E F3(GR)3.097 E(OUPS) --.27 E F0 .597(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.847 F(cial properties, e) -144 667.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5 -(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCMD)108 684 Q F0 .356 -(The history number)144 696 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) --2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 -(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 -(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 708 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G -2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(10)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +696 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss) +-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5) +138.465 E(10)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTN)108 84 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 -(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 96 Q F1 -(HOSTTYPE)108 112.8 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that unique\ -ly describes the type of machine on which)144 124.8 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 -.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 136.8 R -(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 153.6 Q F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(GR)108 84 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229(An array v) +144 96 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of which the curre\ +nt user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E .596 +(ments to)144 108 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(GR)3.096 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha) +2.847 E .897 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.097(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.097 G .597 +(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.597 E F2(GR)3.097 E(OUPS) +-.27 E F0 .597(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.847 F(cial properties, e) +144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5 +(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCMD)108 136.8 Q F0 .356 +(The history number)144 148.8 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) +-2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 +(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F2 +(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 160.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 +(HOSTN)108 177.6 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 +(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 189.6 Q F1 +(HOSTTYPE)108 206.4 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that unique\ +ly describes the type of machine on which)144 218.4 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 +.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 230.4 R +(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 247.2 Q F0 1.408(Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a d\ -ecimal number representing the)144 165.6 R .078(current sequential line\ - number \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 177.6 R -.079(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 189.6 R +ecimal number representing the)144 259.2 R .078(current sequential line\ + number \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 271.2 R +.079(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 283.2 R .307(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If) -5.306 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306 -(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F(special properties, e)144 201.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 218.4 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Auto\ -matically set to a string that fully describes the system type on which) -144 230.4 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899 -(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 242.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(OLDPWD)108 259.2 Q F0(The pre)144 -271.2 Q(vious w)-.25 E(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E -F0(command.)2.5 E F1(OPT)108 288 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 300 R -1.627(alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the) --.18 F F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 -F F2(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 312 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0 -(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 328.8 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 -340.8 R 4.151(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651 -(xt ar)-.15 F 1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts) -4.152 E F0 -.2(bu)4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.152 -E -.09(BU)144 352.8 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 369.6 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that\ - describes the operating system on which)144 381.6 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 -.329(is e)2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 393.6 Q -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 410.4 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) -.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 422.4 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) +5.306 E F2(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F +(special properties, e)144 295.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi) +-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 +312 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully de\ +scribes the system type on which)144 324 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e) +3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 336 Q +/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 +F(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(OLDPWD)108 352.8 Q F0 +(The pre)144 364.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E +F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1(OPT)108 381.6 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627 +(The v)144 393.6 R 1.627(alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627 +(gument processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G +1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 405.6 S(IL) +.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 +422.4 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 434.4 R 4.151(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G +1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F 1.652 +(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu)4.152 +G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 446.4 S +(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 +463.2 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operat\ +ing system on which)144 475.2 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e)2.829 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 487.2 Q +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 504 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) +.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 516 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) 3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 (xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F -(the most-recently-e)144 434.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +(the most-recently-e)144 528 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E (ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 -(PPID)108 451.2 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')12.67 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(PPID)108 544.8 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')12.67 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. 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Each)-3.126 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.126 F .625 (ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F1(HISTCONTR)144 -132 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 1.154(are applied.)3.654 F 1.154 +192 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 1.154(are applied.)3.654 F 1.154 (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.154 F -F1(&)A F0(')A 2.515(matches the pre)144 144 R 2.515(vious history line.) +F1(&)A F0(')A 2.515(matches the pre)144 204 R 2.515(vious history line.) -.25 F(`)7.514 E F1(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 -(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 156 +(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(db).15 G .852(efore attempting a match.)-3.352 F .852(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F -(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 168 Q -.05 +(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 228 Q -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(HISTIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(HISTSIZE)108 180 Q F0 1.942 -(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 192 +(.)A F1(HISTSIZE)108 240 Q F0 1.942 +(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 252 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.442 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)4.192 E -4.442(w\). The)-.25 F(def)144 204 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 500.)-.25 E F1 -(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 216 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 228 R .951 +4.442(w\). The)-.25 F(def)144 264 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 500.)-.25 E F1 +(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 276 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 288 R .951 (ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 (alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (strftime)3.452 E F0 .952(\(3\) to print the)B .673 -(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 240 +(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 300 R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) 3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 -(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 252 R +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 312 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 (ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 264 Q -F1(HOME)108 276 Q F0 1.27 -(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 288 R 1.27(ault ar) + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 324 Q +F1(HOME)108 336 Q F0 1.27 +(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 348 R 1.27(ault ar) -.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 -(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 300 S(lue of this v).25 E +(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 360 S(lue of this v).25 E (ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(HOSTFILE)108 312 Q F0 1.015 -(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 324 R F3 +(HOSTFILE)108 372 Q F0 1.015 +(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 384 R F3 (/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F -.551(needs to complete a hostname.)144 336 R .551 +.551(needs to complete a hostname.)144 396 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 348 R 1.059 +1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 408 R 1.059 (xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 360 Q F0 .716 +(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 420 Q F0 .716 (adds the contents of the ne)3.216 F 3.216<778c>-.25 G .715(le to the e) -3.216 F .715(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.715 E F2(HOSTFILE)3.215 E F0 .715(is set, b)2.965 F .715(ut has no v)-.2 F(alue,)-.25 E F1(bash)144 -372 Q F0 2.235(attempts to read)4.735 F F3(/etc/hosts)6.401 E F0 2.235 +432 Q F0 2.235(attempts to read)4.735 F F3(/etc/hosts)6.401 E F0 2.235 (to obtain the list of possible hostname completions.)6.401 F(When)7.236 -E F2(HOSTFILE)144 384 Q F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 -E F1(IFS)108 396 Q F0(The)20.44 E F3 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556 +E F2(HOSTFILE)144 444 Q F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 +E F1(IFS)108 456 Q F0(The)20.44 E F3 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556 (ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556 (ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 -F -.1(wo)144 408 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 +F -.1(wo)144 468 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E -(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 420 Q -F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 432 R .803 -.15(ve s) +(`')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 480 Q +F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 492 R .803 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F2(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 (character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) -144 444 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 +144 504 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 (characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 -(on an input line before)144 456 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G +(on an input line before)144 516 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 468 Q(alue, the def) +(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 528 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E F2(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 -(INPUTRC)108 480 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 492 R F1 -.18(re) +(INPUTRC)108 540 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 552 R F1 -.18(re) 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) --.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F2(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 504 Q(w\).)-.25 -E F1(LANG)108 516 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)7.11 F +-.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F2(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 564 Q(w\).)-.25 +E F1(LANG)108 576 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)7.11 F 1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 528 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 540 Q F0 .764 -(This v)144 552 R .764(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .764 +(starting with)144 588 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 600 Q F0 .764 +(This v)144 612 R .764(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .764 (rrides the v).15 F .764(alue of)-.25 F F1(LANG)3.264 E F0 .764(and an) 3.264 F 3.264(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.264 E F1(LC_)3.264 E F0 -.25(va)3.264 G -.764(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 564 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -(LC_COLLA)108 576 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 588 R .412(ariable det\ +.764(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 624 Q(.)-.65 E F1 +(LC_COLLA)108 636 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 648 R .412(ariable det\ ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 600 R 1.465 +-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 660 R 1.465 (vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 -612 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 624 Q F0 -1.935(This v)144 636 R 1.936 +672 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 684 Q F0 +1.935(This v)144 696 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 648 Q -(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 660 Q(GES)-.55 E -F0(This v)144 672 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ -ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) -108 684 Q F0(This v)144 696 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 708 Q F0 1.219 -(Used by the)5.99 F F1(select)3.719 E F0 -.2(bu)3.719 G 1.218(iltin com\ -mand to determine the column length for printing selection lists.).2 F -(Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 -768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(13)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 708 Q +(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 December 5)138.465 E(13)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAIL)108 84 Q F0 .187 -(If this parameter is set to a \214le name and the)8.78 F/F2 9 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(LC_MESSA)108 84 Q(GES)-.55 E F0(This v)144 +96 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted stri\ +ngs preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC)108 108 Q F0 +(This v)144 120 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E +(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 132 Q F0 1.219 +(Used by the)5.99 F F1(select)3.719 E F0 -.2(bu)3.719 G 1.218(iltin com\ +mand to determine the column length for printing selection lists.).2 F +(Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.)144 144 Q F1(MAIL)108 156 +Q F0 .187(If this parameter is set to a \214le name and the)8.78 F/F2 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(MAILP)2.687 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va) 2.438 G .188(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)2.688 E F0 .188 -(informs the user)2.688 F(of the arri)144 96 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 -G 2.5(fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le.)-2.5 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 -108 Q F0 .099(Speci\214es ho)144 120 R 2.599(wo)-.25 G .099 +(informs the user)2.688 F(of the arri)144 168 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo) +.25 G 2.5(fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le.)-2.5 E F1(MAILCHECK) +108 180 Q F0 .099(Speci\214es ho)144 192 R 2.599(wo)-.25 G .099 (ften \(in seconds\))-2.599 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.) 2.598 F .098(The def)5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .098 (When it is time)5.098 F .223(to check for mail, the shell does so befo\ -re displaying the primary prompt.)144 132 R .224(If this v)5.224 F .224 -(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066(or set to a v)144 144 R .066(alue that i\ +re displaying the primary prompt.)144 204 R .224(If this v)5.224 F .224 +(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066(or set to a v)144 216 R .066(alue that i\ s not a number greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail c\ -hecking.)-.25 F F1(MAILP)108 156 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.814(Ac) -144 168 S .314(olon-separated list of \214le names to be check)-2.814 F +hecking.)-.25 F F1(MAILP)108 228 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.814(Ac) +144 240 S .314(olon-separated list of \214le names to be check)-2.814 F .314(ed for mail.)-.1 F .314(The message to be printed when mail)5.314 F -(arri)144 180 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.42(si).15 G 3.42(nap)-3.42 G .92(artic\ +(arri)144 252 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.42(si).15 G 3.42(nap)-3.42 G .92(artic\ ular \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214le name from the m\ -essage with a)-3.42 F 2.807(`?'. When)144 192 R .307(used in the te) +essage with a)-3.42 F 2.807(`?'. When)144 264 R .307(used in the te) 2.807 F .308(xt of the message,)-.15 F F1($_)2.808 E F0 -.15(ex)2.808 G .308(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 F(Exam-)5.308 E -(ple:)144 204 Q F1(MAILP)144 216 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A +(ple:)144 276 Q F1(MAILP)144 288 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A (ar/mail/bfox?"Y)-.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 228 Q F0 .389 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 300 Q F0 .389 (supplies a def)2.889 F .389(ault v)-.1 F .389(alue for this v)-.25 F .389(ariable, b)-.25 F .388 (ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F -(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 240 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 -(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 252 Q F0 .389(If set to the v)144 264 R .389 +(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 312 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 +(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 324 Q F0 .389(If set to the v)144 336 R .389 (alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 (displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 --.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .36(SHELL B)144 276 R(UIL) +-.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .36(SHELL B)144 348 R(UIL) -.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR) 5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 288 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 300 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 360 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 372 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 (The search path for commands.)9.91 F .588 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 312 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) +5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 384 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) 2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 324 S +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 396 S .344(lue of).25 F F1 -.74(PA)2.844 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .344 (indicates the current directory)2.844 F 5.345(.A)-.65 G .345 (null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 2.845(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --2.845 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 336 R .868 +-2.845 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 408 R .868 (The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F 26.328(administrator who installs)144 348 R F1(bash)28.828 E F0 +-.1 F 26.328(administrator who installs)144 420 R F1(bash)28.828 E F0 31.329(.A)C 26.329(common v)-2.5 F 26.329(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10/Courier@0 -SF(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 360 Q F0(.)A -F1(POSIXL)108 372 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 384 R .472 +SF(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 432 Q F0(.)A +F1(POSIXL)108 444 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 456 R .472 (ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .471 (posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011 -(the startup \214les, as if the)144 396 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 +(the startup \214les, as if the)144 468 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 -(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 408 Q F1(bash)2.5 +(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 480 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(enables)2.5 E F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) -2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F3(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 420 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 -(If set, the v)144 432 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 492 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 +(If set, the v)144 504 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PS1) -108 444 Q F0 .065(The v)19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F +108 516 Q F0 .065(The v)19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E -.065(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 456 R +.065(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 528 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 468 Q F0 .004(The v)19.33 F .004 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 540 Q F0 .004(The v)19.33 F .004 (alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .005(xpanded as with)-.15 F F1(PS1) 2.505 E F0 .005(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.505 F(The) -5.005 E(def)144 480 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 492 Q F0 1.116(The v)19.33 F 1.115 +5.005 E(def)144 552 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 564 Q F0 1.116(The v)19.33 F 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) 3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) -144 504 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 516 Q F0 +144 576 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 588 Q F0 1.098(The v)19.33 F 1.099(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.099 (xpanded as with)-.15 F F1(PS1)3.599 E F0 1.099(and the v)3.599 F 1.099 -(alue is printed before each com-)-.25 F(mand)144 528 Q F1(bash)3.726 E +(alue is printed before each com-)-.25 F(mand)144 600 Q F1(bash)3.726 E F0 1.226(displays during an e)3.726 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.226 (cution trace.).15 F 1.225(The \214rst character of)6.226 F F2(PS4)3.725 -E F0 1.225(is replicated multiple)3.475 F(times, as necessary)144 540 Q +E F0 1.225(is replicated multiple)3.475 F(times, as necessary)144 612 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 552 Q F0 .663 -(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 564 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 624 Q F0 .663 +(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 636 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664 -(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 576 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 648 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 -G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 588 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144 -600 R .826 +G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 660 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144 +672 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F 3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 612 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 684 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 (reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F (The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 624 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +(an escape sequence that is e)144 696 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F .711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 636 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 654 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 666 Q F4(p)A F1 -(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 678 Q F4(p)A -F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1 -(%[)144 690 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)13.34 E F1(%P)144 702 Q -F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87 -(The optional)144 718.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) -3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) -144 730.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2007 September 14)135.125 E(14)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(and their meanings are as follo)144 708 Q +(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 December 5)138.465 E(14)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .537(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 84 R .537(alues of) --.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(p)3.037 E F0 .537 -(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E F1(p)3.038 E F0 -.538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 96 Q(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E -.668(The optional)144 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(l)3.168 E F0 .668 -(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F F1 -(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F1(SS)A F0(.)A F1(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 124.8 Q F1(p)2.5 E F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%%)144 84 Q F0 2.5(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1 +(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0 +(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 108 Q F2(p)A F1(][l]U)A +F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 120 Q +F2(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.) +13.34 E F1(%P)144 132 Q F0 +(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87 +(The optional)144 148.8 R F2(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) +3.37 F F2(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) +144 160.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 172.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F2 +(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E +F2(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 184.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 201.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 +.668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F +F2(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F2(SS)A F0(.)A F2(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 213.6 Q F2(p)2.5 E F0 (determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E(If this v)144 -141.6 Q(ariable is not set,)-.25 E F2(bash)2.501 E F0 .001 -(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F2($\010\\nr)2.501 E +230.4 Q(ariable is not set,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.501 E F0 .001 +(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)2.501 E (eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .495(If the v)144 -153.6 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F +242.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F 2.994(At)5.494 G .494(railing ne)-2.994 F .494 (wline is added when the for)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(mat string is displayed.)144 -165.6 Q F2(TMOUT)108 182.4 Q F0 .717(If set to a v)144 194.4 R .717 -(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.217 E F0 .717 -(is treated as the def)3.217 F .718(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F2 -.18 -(re)3.218 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.218 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 206.4 Q F2 +254.4 Q F1(TMOUT)108 271.2 Q F0 .717(If set to a v)144 283.2 R .717 +(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F F1(TMOUT)3.217 E F0 .717 +(is treated as the def)3.217 F .718(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18 +(re)3.218 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.218 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 295.2 Q F1 (select)2.542 E F0 .042(command terminates if input does not arri)2.542 -F .342 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.542 E F0 .042 -(seconds when input is com-)2.542 F .885(ing from a terminal.)144 218.4 +F .342 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F1(TMOUT)2.542 E F0 .042 +(seconds when input is com-)2.542 F .885(ing from a terminal.)144 307.2 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v) .15 F .886(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1 -(wa)144 230.4 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F -F2(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546 +(wa)144 319.2 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F +F1(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546 (aiting for that number of)-.1 F(seconds if input does not arri)144 -242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2(TMPDIR)108 259.2 Q F0 .273(If set,)144 -271.2 R F2(Bash)2.773 E F0 .273(uses its v)2.773 F .274 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F2(Bash)2.774 E F0 .274 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.774 F(shell')144 283.2 Q 2.5(su) --.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F2(auto_r)108 300 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 -312 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 +331.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 348 Q F0 .273(If set,)144 +360 R F1(Bash)2.773 E F0 .273(uses its v)2.773 F .274 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(Bash)2.774 E F0 .274 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.774 F(shell')144 372 Q 2.5(su)-.55 +G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 388.8 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 400.8 +R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 (he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 -(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 324 R +(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 412.8 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 336 S .367(isting stopped job) + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 424.8 S .367(isting stopped job) .15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 (wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F 1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -348 R(The)6.125 E F1(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) -3.805 F(conte)144 360 Q 1.133(xt, is the command line used to start it.) --.15 F 1.133(If set to the v)6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F1 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act) -.2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 372 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 -F F1(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 +436.8 R(The)6.125 E F2(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 448.8 Q 1.133 +(xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 +(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 460.8 R .624(xactly; if set to) +-.15 F F2(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 (he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 384 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F1(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 396 Q F2(%?)3.333 E F0 -.833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR) -3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an) -3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834 +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 472.8 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +-5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 484.8 Q F1(%?)3.333 E +F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834 +(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834 +(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834 (alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 -(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 408 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 +(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 496.8 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 (ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F2(%)2.815 E F1(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 420 Q(.)-.55 E -F2(histchars)108 436.8 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 448.8 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57 -(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.57 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 460.8 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F1 1.215 +F1(%)2.815 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 508.8 Q(.)-.55 +E F1(histchars)108 525.6 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 537.6 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G +4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F +2.07(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.57 E +(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 549.6 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E +3.716(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F2 1.215 (history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G 1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) -144 472.8 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F2(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B -.798(second character is the)3.298 F F1(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 484.8 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G +144 561.6 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B +.798(second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 573.6 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G .239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 (vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 -(ing one string for another in the command.)144 496.8 R .575(The def) -5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F2(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 +(ing one string for another in the command.)144 585.6 R .575(The def) +5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 (optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 508.8 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 520.8 R 1.293 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F2(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 +char)144 597.6 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 609.6 R 1.293 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 (history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 -(skipped for the remaining w)144 532.8 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F +(skipped for the remaining w)144 621.6 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 544.8 Q F2(Arrays)87 561.6 Q -(Bash)108 573.6 Q F0(pro)2.958 E .458(vides one-dimensional array v)-.15 +(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 633.6 Q F1(Arrays)87 650.4 Q +(Bash)108 662.4 Q F0(pro)2.958 E .458(vides one-dimensional array v)-.15 F 2.958(ariables. An)-.25 F 2.958(yv)-.15 G .458 -(ariable may be used as an array; the)-3.208 F F2(declar)2.958 E(e)-.18 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G(iltin).2 E .961(will e)108 585.6 R .961 +(ariable may be used as an array; the)-3.208 F F1(declar)2.958 E(e)-.18 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G(iltin).2 E .961(will e)108 674.4 R .961 (xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.961(.T)-.65 G .961 (here is no maximum limit on the size of an array)-5.961 F 3.46(,n)-.65 G .96(or an)-3.46 F 3.46(yr)-.15 G(equirement)-3.46 E -(that members be inde)108 597.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(ra) +(that members be inde)108 686.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(ra) -2.5 G(ssigned contiguously)-2.5 E 5(.A)-.65 G(rrays are inde)-5 E -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.5(du).15 G(sing inte)-2.5 E(gers and are zero-based.)-.15 E -1.301(An array is created automatically if an)108 614.4 R 3.801(yv)-.15 -G 1.302(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-4.051 F F1(name)3.802 E -F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(value)A F0(.)A(The)108 626.4 Q F1 +1.301(An array is created automatically if an)108 703.2 R 3.801(yv)-.15 +G 1.302(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-4.051 F F2(name)3.802 E +F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0(.)A(The)108 715.2 Q F2 (subscript)3.182 E F0 .342(is treated as an arithmetic e)3.522 F .342 (xpression that must e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .341 (luate to a number greater than or equal to).25 F 4.076(zero. T)108 -638.4 R 4.076(oe)-.8 G 1.577(xplicitly declare an array)-4.226 F 4.077 -(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.077 E F2(declar)4.077 E 4.077<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.077 E F1 +727.2 R 4.076(oe)-.8 G 1.577(xplicitly declare an array)-4.226 F 4.077 +(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.077 E F1(declar)4.077 E 4.077<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.077 E F2 (name)4.077 E F0(\(see)4.077 E F3 1.577(SHELL B)4.077 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.577 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.827 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(declar)108 650.4 Q -3.376<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.376 E F1(name)3.376 E F2([)A F1(subscript)A F2(]) -A F0 .876(is also accepted; the)3.376 F F1(subscript)3.375 E F0 .875 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.827 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 December 5)138.465 E(15)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 16 16 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)108 84 Q 3.376<65ad>-.18 G(a)-3.376 +E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.376 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0 +.876(is also accepted; the)3.376 F F2(subscript)3.375 E F0 .875 (is ignored.)3.375 F(Attrib)5.875 E .875(utes may be speci\214ed for an) --.2 F(array v)108 662.4 Q(ariable using the)-.25 E F2(declar)2.5 E(e) --.18 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G 2.5 +-.2 F(array v)108 96 Q(ariable using the)-.25 E F1(declar)2.5 E(e)-.18 E +F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G 2.5 (iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)2.5 E(ute applies to all members of an array) -.2 E(.)-.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 679.2 -R F1(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F2(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F1(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F1(n)A F2(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) --4.148 F F1(value)108 691.2 Q F0 .65(is of the form [)3.15 F F1 -(subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(string)A F0 5.65(.O)C(nly)-5.65 E F1(string)3.15 +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 112.8 +R F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) +-4.148 F F2(value)108 124.8 Q F0 .65(is of the form [)3.15 F F2 +(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 5.65(.O)C(nly)-5.65 E F2(string)3.15 E F0 .65(is required.)3.15 F .65(If the optional brack)5.65 F .65 -(ets and subscript are)-.1 F .276(supplied, that inde)108 703.2 R 2.776 +(ets and subscript are)-.1 F .276(supplied, that inde)108 136.8 R 2.776 (xi)-.15 G 2.776(sa)-2.776 G .276(ssigned to; otherwise the inde)-2.776 F 2.777(xo)-.15 G 2.777(ft)-2.777 G .277 (he element assigned is the last inde)-2.777 F 2.777(xa)-.15 G .277 -(ssigned to)-2.777 F 1.394(by the statement plus one.)108 715.2 R(Inde) +(ssigned to)-2.777 F 1.394(by the statement plus one.)108 148.8 R(Inde) 6.394 E 1.394(xing starts at zero.)-.15 F 1.393 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)6.394 F F2(declar)3.893 E(e)-.18 E -F0 -.2(bu)3.893 G(iltin.).2 E(Indi)108 727.2 Q -(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 E F1(name)2.5 E -F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(value)A F0(syntax introduced abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E -(15)185.115 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 16 16 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(An)108 84 Q 3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075 -(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.575 F/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 -(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 -(con\215icts with pathname e)108 96 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1 -(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(@)4.041 E F0(or) -4.041 E F2(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F -1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 108 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(This syntax is also accepted by the)6.394 F F1(declar)3.893 E(e)-.18 E +F0 -.2(bu)3.893 G(iltin.).2 E(Indi)108 160.8 Q +(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 E F2(name)2.5 E +F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0(syntax introduced abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(An)108 177.6 Q 3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075 +(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)-3.575 F F2(name)A F0([)A +F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076(braces are required to a)3.576 F +-.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542(con\215icts with pathname e)108 189.6 R 4.041 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0 +(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e) +-.1 F 1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 +(These subscripts dif)108 201.6 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 (ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 120 Q F1(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 213.6 Q F2(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B .521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 132 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 -(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 -([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 +1.374(of the)108 225.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 +(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375 +([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 (to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 -(there are no array members, ${)108 144 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B +(there are no array members, ${)108 237.6 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F -2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 156 R .759(ord, the e) --.1 F .759(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 -F .759(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e) -108 168 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last p\ -art of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous) -3.015 F .227(to the e)108 180 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters) --.15 F F2(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F2 .228 +2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 249.6 R .759 +(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 +(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 +261.6 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 +F .227(to the e)108 273.6 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 (Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 -(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 192 S -.886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 -3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F2(*)3.386 E F0(or) -3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .733(ments in the array)108 204 R -5.733(.R)-.65 G .733(eferencing an array v)-5.733 F .733 +(\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 285.6 +S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A +F0 3.386(]}. If)B F2(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) +3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .733(ments in the array)108 297.6 +R 5.733(.R)-.65 G .733(eferencing an array v)-5.733 F .733 (ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .734 -(lent to referencing element).25 F(zero.)108 216 Q(The)108 232.8 Q F2 +(lent to referencing element).25 F(zero.)108 309.6 Q(The)108 326.4 Q F1 (unset)2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767 -(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1 +(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2 (subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267 -(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 -244.8 Q F0 6.38(.C)C 1.38(are must be tak)-6.38 F 1.38(en to a)-.1 F -.2 +(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F2(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 +338.4 Q F0 6.38(.C)C 1.38(are must be tak)-6.38 F 1.38(en to a)-.1 F -.2 (vo)-.2 G 1.38(id unw).2 F 1.38(anted side ef)-.1 F 1.38 -(fects caused by \214lename generation.)-.25 F F2(unset)6.38 E F1(name) -3.88 E F0(,)A(where)108 256.8 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E 2.5 -(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F2(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A -F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 +(fects caused by \214lename generation.)-.25 F F1(unset)6.38 E F2(name) +3.88 E F0(,)A(where)108 350.4 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E 2.5 +(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A +F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 (@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 273.6 Q F2(declar)3.671 E(e) --.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.671 E F0 3.671(,a)C(nd)-3.671 E F2 -.18(re) +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 367.2 Q F1(declar)3.671 E(e) +-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.671 E F0 3.671(,a)C(nd)-3.671 E F1 -.18(re) 3.671 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.671 G 1.171(iltins each accept a).2 F -F23.671 E F0 1.17(option to specify an array)3.671 F 6.17(.T)-.65 -G(he)-6.17 E F2 -.18(re)3.67 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G(iltin).2 E .44 -(accepts a)108 285.6 R F22.941 E F0 .441 +F13.671 E F0 1.17(option to specify an array)3.671 F 6.17(.T)-.65 +G(he)-6.17 E F1 -.18(re)3.67 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.67 G(iltin).2 E .44 +(accepts a)108 379.2 R F12.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 297.6 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E +-5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)108 391.2 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 314.4 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ -rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 326.4 R 3.26 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 408 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perform\ +ed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 420 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 338.4 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1 -(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) -2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37 -(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 350.4 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) -2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .471(The order of e)108 367.2 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471 +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 432 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br) +2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369(tilde e) +2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)2.869 E .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .37 +(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 444 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e)2.5 +E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E +F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 E +.471(The order of e)108 460.8 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471 (xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G .47(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E -(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 379.2 Q +(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 472.8 Q (ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 396 Q -(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.5 E -(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.486(Only brace e)108 412.8 R 1.486 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 489.6 Q +(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.5 E +(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.486(Only brace e)108 506.4 R 1.486 (xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 (xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 424.8 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F +(ex)108 518.4 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 (ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 436.8 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") --2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 530.4 S(pansions of ").15 E F1($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") +-2.5 E F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G (xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2(Brace Expansion)87 453.6 -Q F1(Br)108.58 465.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 547.2 +Q F2(Br)108.58 559.2 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 477.6 Q F1 .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 571.2 Q F2 .415 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 489.6 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 583.2 R F2(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 501.6 R -.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 595.2 R +.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 513.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 525.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 542.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 -F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 +ch resulting string, e)108 607.2 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 619.2 Q .719(Brace e)108 636 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F +.719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 554.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.133(As) -108 571.2 S .633(equence e)-3.133 F .633(xpression tak)-.15 F .633 -(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.133 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2(})A F0 3.133 -(,w)C(here)-3.133 E F1(x)3.133 E F0(and)3.134 E F1(y)3.134 E F0 .634 +108 648 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0(d,c,b) +A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.133(As)108 +664.8 S .633(equence e)-3.133 F .633(xpression tak)-.15 F .633 +(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.133 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1(})A F0 3.133 +(,w)C(here)-3.133 E F2(x)3.133 E F0(and)3.134 E F2(y)3.134 E F0 .634 (are either inte)3.134 F .634(gers or single characters.)-.15 F(When) -5.634 E(inte)108 583.2 Q .402(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .402 -(xpression e)-.15 F .401(xpands to each number between)-.15 F F1(x)2.901 -E F0(and)2.901 E F1(y)2.901 E F0 2.901(,i)C(nclusi)-2.901 E -.15(ve)-.25 +5.634 E(inte)108 676.8 Q .402(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .402 +(xpression e)-.15 F .401(xpands to each number between)-.15 F F2(x)2.901 +E F0(and)2.901 E F2(y)2.901 E F0 2.901(,i)C(nclusi)-2.901 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.401(.W).15 G .401(hen characters)-5.401 F .687(are supplied, the e) -108 595.2 R .688(xpression e)-.15 F .688(xpands to each character le) --.15 F .688(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.188 E F0(and)3.188 E -F1(y)3.188 E F0 3.188(,i)C(nclusi)-3.188 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.688(.N).15 G -(ote)-5.688 E(that both)108 607.2 Q F1(x)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(y)2.5 E -F0(must be of the same type.)2.5 E .582(Brace e)108 624 R .582 +108 688.8 R .688(xpression e)-.15 F .688(xpands to each character le) +-.15 F .688(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.188 E F0(and)3.188 E +F2(y)3.188 E F0 3.188(,i)C(nclusi)-3.188 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.688(.N).15 G +(ote)-5.688 E(that both)108 700.8 Q F2(x)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(y)2.5 E +F0(must be of the same type.)2.5 E .582(Brace e)108 717.6 R .582 (xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e) -3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 -(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 -(are preserv)108 636 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 -(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 648 Q(xt of the e) --.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.633(Ac) -108 664.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(xpansion must \ -contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F -3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 676.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F -5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 688.8 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 -.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 -(sion. T)108 700.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 -(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F2(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 712.8 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ -as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) -108 729.6 R(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(16)185.115 -E 0 Cg EP +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E 1.208 +(are preserv)108 729.6 R 1.208(ed in the result.)-.15 F 1.209 +(It is strictly te)6.209 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)6.209 E F0 1.209 +(does not apply an)3.709 F 3.709(ys)-.15 G 1.209 +(yntactic interpretation to the)-3.709 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 December 5)138.465 E(16)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(longer than in the abo)108 84 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E -(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 100.8 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 -E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 112.8 Q(cho)144 124.8 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E -(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618 -(Brace e)108 141.6 R .618 +-.35 E(conte)108 84 Q(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E +(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 100.8 S 1.133 +(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(xpansion must contain unquoted \ +opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F 3.44 +(unquoted comma or a v)108 112.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941 +(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441(ncorrectly formed brace e) +-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755(unchanged. A)108 124.8 R/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255 +(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 +(sion. T)108 136.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 +(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 148.8 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ +as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) +108 165.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 177.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H +(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 194.4 Q -.65(w,)-.25 +G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 206.4 Q(cho)144 218.4 Q +(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) +-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 235.2 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F -.618(ersions of)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh) -5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 153.6 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G +.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 247.2 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G .247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 165.6 Q -.15 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 259.2 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 177.6 Q F0 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 271.2 Q F0 .515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514 (after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 -(If strict compatibility with)108 189.6 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +(If strict compatibility with)108 283.2 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 (+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 201.6 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 295.2 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 218.4 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 230.4 R 1.087(ord be) --.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 -1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ -slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ -ed a)108 242.4 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 -(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\ -\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 254.4 R -.725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 266.4 Q -.522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 +87 312 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 324 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 +F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.086 +('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ + \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) +108 336 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 348 R .725 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 360 Q .522 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 278.4 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 372 Q/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 (is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 (cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 290.4 Q .092 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 307.2 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 384 Q .092 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 400.8 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 (replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 319.2 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 412.8 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 .904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) 5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 331.2 R F2(N)4.141 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 424.8 R F2(N)4.141 E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 (ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -343.2 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 355.2 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G +436.8 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 448.8 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G .454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F .454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 367.2 Q(If the login name is in)108 384 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +108 460.8 Q(If the login name is in)108 477.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 400.8 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 494.4 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E -.281(these cases, tilde e)108 412.8 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) +.281(these cases, tilde e)108 506.4 R .282(xpansion is also performed.) -.15 F(Consequently)5.282 E 2.782(,o)-.65 G .282 (ne may use \214le names with tildes in assign-)-2.782 F(ments to)108 -424.8 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) +518.4 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E -(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 441.6 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606 -(The `)108 453.6 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606 +(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 535.2 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606 +(The `)108 547.2 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606 (haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F 1.605 (xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 465.6 R +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 559.2 R .407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 (ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 -(tect the v)108 477.6 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(tect the v)108 571.2 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 (xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 -489.6 Q 1.189 +583.2 Q 1.189 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -506.4 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +600 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) -3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 -518.4 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 530.4 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 547.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(})A 1.204(The v)144 559.2 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 -(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 -(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 571.2 R F2(par)4.014 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 +612 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex) +108 624 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 640.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A +1.204(The v)144 652.8 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204(The braces are required when) +6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.205(is a positional)4.435 F +.264(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 664.8 R F2(par) +4.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 (wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 583.2 Q 1.508 -(If the \214rst character of)108 600 R F2(par)4.009 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 676.8 Q 1.508 +(If the \214rst character of)108 693.6 R F2(par)4.009 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.509(is an e)4.009 F 1.509(xclamation point, a le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.009(lo).15 G 4.009(fv)-4.009 G 1.509 -(ariable indirection is introduced.)-4.259 F F1(Bash)108 612 Q F0 .106 +(ariable indirection is introduced.)-4.259 F F1(Bash)108 705.6 Q F0 .106 (uses the v)2.606 F .106(alue of the v)-.25 F .106 (ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(as the name of the v)2.606 F .106(ariable; this v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 -E .351(able is then e)108 624 R .351(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .352 +E .351(able is then e)108 717.6 R .351(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .352 (alue is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the v)-.25 F -.352(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.852 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 636 Q F0 2.52 +.352(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.852 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 729.6 Q F0 2.52 (itself. This)2.52 F .02(is kno)2.52 F .02(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.52 E .02(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.019(.T)C .019(he e)-5.019 F .019 (xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .019(xpansions of ${!)-.15 F F2(pr)A -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .019(*} and)B(${)108 648 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2 -(@)A F0 .762(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .763(he e).65 F -.763(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263(wt)-.25 G .763 -(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 660 Q -.334(In each of the cases belo)108 676.8 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F 1.417(and arithmetic e)108 688.8 R 3.918(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.418 -(not performing substring e)3.918 F(xpansion,)-.15 E F1(bash)3.918 E F0 -1.418(tests for a parameter that is)3.918 F(unset or null; omitting the\ - colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)108 700.8 Q -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(17)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .019(*} and)B(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5) +138.465 E(17)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .723(Use Default V) -144 96 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F1(par)4.473 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F -F1(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-) --.2 E(wise, the v)144 108 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 120 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.004(Assign Default V)144 132 R(alues)-.92 E -F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F1(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 -(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F 2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.845 E -(d)-.37 E F0 2.005(is assigned to)5.275 F F1(par)144 144 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 +-.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .762(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65(w. T)-.25 H +.763(he e).65 F .763(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F +3.263(wt)-.25 G .763(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F +(introduce indirection.)108 96 Q .334(In each of the cases belo)108 +112.8 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334 +(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334 +(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F 1.417(and arithmetic e)108 124.8 +R 3.918(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.418(not performing substring e)3.918 F +(xpansion,)-.15 E F1(bash)3.918 E F0 1.418 +(tests for a parameter that is)3.918 F(unset or null; omitting the colo\ +n results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)108 136.8 Q(${) +108 153.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 +.723(Use Default V)144 165.6 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F2 +(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) +3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 177.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 +(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 189.6 Q F2 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.004 +(Assign Default V)144 201.6 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F2 +(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F +2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 +(is assigned to)5.275 F F2(par)144 213.6 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 +G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 156 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${) -108 168 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 -.535(Display Err)144 180 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535(.I)C -(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 -(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 192 R -.662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 225.6 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E +(${)108 237.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F1 .535(Display Err)144 249.6 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 +(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 +(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 261.6 R +.662(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F -(interacti)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) --2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 216 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 228 R .745(nate V)-.15 F -(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(interacti)144 273.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 285.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 297.6 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 240 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 252 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 264 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .797 -(Substring Expansion.)144 276 R F0 .796(Expands to up to)5.797 F F1 -(length)3.296 E F0 .796(characters of)3.296 F F1(par)3.296 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 .796(starting at the character)3.296 F .228(speci\214ed by)144 288 -R F1(of)2.728 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.228(.I)C(f)-5.228 E F1(length)2.728 E -F0 .229(is omitted, e)2.729 F .229(xpands to the substring of)-.15 F F1 -(par)2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .229(starting at the char)2.729 F(-)-.2 E -.433(acter speci\214ed by)144 300 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1 -(length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .433 -(are arithmetic e)2.933 F .433(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF .432(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 312 S(ION).855 -E F0(belo)2.576 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(length)5.326 E F0 .326(must e)2.826 F --.25(va)-.25 G .326(luate to a number greater than or equal to zero.).25 -F(If)5.327 E F1(of)2.827 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)2.827 G(luates).25 E -.016(to a number less than zero, the v)144 324 R .015 +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 309.6 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 321.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 333.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .797 +(Substring Expansion.)144 345.6 R F0 .796(Expands to up to)5.797 F F2 +(length)3.296 E F0 .796(characters of)3.296 F F2(par)3.296 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 .796(starting at the character)3.296 F .228(speci\214ed by)144 +357.6 R F2(of)2.728 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.228(.I)C(f)-5.228 E F2(length) +2.728 E F0 .229(is omitted, e)2.729 F .229(xpands to the substring of) +-.15 F F2(par)2.729 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .229(starting at the char)2.729 F +(-)-.2 E .433(acter speci\214ed by)144 369.6 R F2(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E +F0(.)A F2(length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F2(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 +.433(are arithmetic e)2.933 F .433(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF .432(ARITHMETIC EV)2.933 F(ALU-)-1.215 E -.855(AT)144 +381.6 S(ION).855 E F0(belo)2.576 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(length)5.326 E F0 .326 +(must e)2.826 F -.25(va)-.25 G .326 +(luate to a number greater than or equal to zero.).25 F(If)5.327 E F2 +(of)2.827 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)2.827 G(luates).25 E .016 +(to a number less than zero, the v)144 393.6 R .015 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .015(fset from the end of the v)-.25 F -.015(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.515 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.015(.I)C(f)-5.015 -E F1(par)144 336 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.25 E F2(@)3.25 E F0 3.25(,t)C -.75(he result is)-3.25 F F1(length)3.25 E F0 .75 -(positional parameters be)3.25 F .75(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of)3.25 E -(fset)-.18 E F0 5.75(.I)C(f)-5.75 E F1(par)3.25 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .75 -(is an)3.25 F 1.835(array name inde)144 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.335(db) +.015(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.515 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.015(.I)C(f)-5.015 +E F2(par)144 405.6 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.25 E F1(@)3.25 E F0 3.25(,t)C +.75(he result is)-3.25 F F2(length)3.25 E F0 .75 +(positional parameters be)3.25 F .75(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of)3.25 E +(fset)-.18 E F0 5.75(.I)C(f)-5.75 E F2(par)3.25 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .75 +(is an)3.25 F 1.835(array name inde)144 417.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.335(db) .15 G 4.335(y@o)-4.335 G 4.335(r*)-4.335 G 4.335(,t)-4.335 G 1.835 -(he result is the)-4.335 F F1(length)4.335 E F0 1.834 -(members of the array be)4.335 F 1.834(ginning with)-.15 F(${)144 360 Q -F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 2.61(]}. A)B(ne) -2.61 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)2.76 E(fset)-.18 E +(he result is the)-4.335 F F2(length)4.335 E F0 1.834 +(members of the array be)4.335 F 1.834(ginning with)-.15 F(${)144 429.6 +Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F2(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 2.61(]}. A)B(ne) +2.61 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(of)2.76 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .111(is tak)2.61 F .111(en relati)-.1 F .411 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.611 (oo).15 G .111(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.611 F 2.611(xo)-.15 G -(f)-2.611 E .92(the speci\214ed array)144 372 R 5.92(.N)-.65 G .92 +(f)-2.611 E .92(the speci\214ed array)144 441.6 R 5.92(.N)-.65 G .92 (ote that a ne)-5.92 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.22 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .92(set must be separated from the colon by at least one) -.25 F .64(space to a)144 384 R -.2(vo)-.2 G .641 +.25 F .64(space to a)144 453.6 R -.2(vo)-.2 G .641 (id being confused with the :- e).2 F 3.141(xpansion. Substring)-.15 F (inde)3.141 E .641(xing is zero-based unless the)-.15 F .299 -(positional parameters are used, in which case the inde)144 396 R .299 -(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.799(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.799 E(fset) +(positional parameters are used, in which case the inde)144 465.6 R .299 +(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.799(ault. If)-.1 F F2(of)2.799 E(fset) -.18 E F0 .298(is 0, and)2.799 F(the positional parameters are used,)144 -408 Q F2($0)2.5 E F0(is pre\214x)2.5 E(ed to the list.)-.15 E(${)108 -424.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 436.8 Q F2(!)A -F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A .42(Expands to the names of v)144 -448.8 R .42(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .42(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr) +477.6 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0(is pre\214x)2.5 E(ed to the list.)-.15 E(${)108 +494.4 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0(})A(${)108 506.4 Q F1(!)A +F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A .42(Expands to the names of v)144 +518.4 R .42(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .42(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr) 2.92 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.92(,s)C .42(eparated by the \214rst character) --2.92 F .099(of the)144 460.8 R F3(IFS)2.599 E F0 .099(special v)2.349 F -2.599(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.599 E F0 .098(is used and the e)2.599 +-2.92 F .099(of the)144 530.4 R F3(IFS)2.599 E F0 .099(special v)2.349 F +2.599(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@)2.599 E F0 .098(is used and the e)2.599 F .098(xpansion appears within double quotes, each)-.15 F -.25(va)144 -472.8 S(riable name e).25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${) -108 489.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 501.6 Q F2(!)A -F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A(If)144 513.6 Q F1(name)2.921 E F0 .421 +542.4 S(riable name e).25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${) +108 559.2 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 571.2 Q F1(!)A +F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A(If)144 583.2 Q F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421 (is an array v)2.921 F .421(ariable, e)-.25 F .421 (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .421 -(s\) assigned in).15 F F1(name)2.921 E F0 5.422(.I)C(f)-5.422 E F1(name) -2.922 E F0 .238(is not an array)144 525.6 R 2.738(,e)-.65 G .238 -(xpands to 0 if)-2.888 F F1(name)2.738 E F0 .237 -(is set and null otherwise.)2.738 F(When)5.237 E F1(@)2.737 E F0 .237 +(s\) assigned in).15 F F2(name)2.921 E F0 5.422(.I)C(f)-5.422 E F2(name) +2.922 E F0 .238(is not an array)144 595.2 R 2.738(,e)-.65 G .238 +(xpands to 0 if)-2.888 F F2(name)2.738 E F0 .237 +(is set and null otherwise.)2.738 F(When)5.237 E F2(@)2.737 E F0 .237 (is used and the e)2.737 F(xpansion)-.15 E -(appears within double quotes, each k)144 537.6 Q .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H -(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 554.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.391(The length in characters of the v)144 566.4 -R 1.392(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.892 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.392 -(is substituted.)3.892 F(If)6.392 E F1(par)5.142 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) -4.622 E F2(*)3.892 E F0(or)3.892 E F2(@)3.892 E F0 3.892(,t)C(he)-3.892 -E -.25(va)144 578.4 S 1.749 +(appears within double quotes, each k)144 607.2 Q .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H +(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 624 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.391(The length in characters of the v)144 636 R +1.392(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.892 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.392 +(is substituted.)3.892 F(If)6.392 E F2(par)5.142 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) +4.622 E F1(*)3.892 E F0(or)3.892 E F1(@)3.892 E F0 3.892(,t)C(he)-3.892 +E -.25(va)144 648 S 1.749 (lue substituted is the number of positional parameters.).25 F(If)6.749 -E F1(par)5.498 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.748(is an array name sub-)4.978 F -(scripted by)144 590.4 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +E F2(par)5.498 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.748(is an array name sub-)4.978 F +(scripted by)144 660 Q F1(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he v)-2.5 E(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array) --.25 E(.)-.65 E(${)108 607.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0(})A(${)108 619.2 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0(})A(The)144 631.2 Q F1(wor)3.33 E(d)-.37 E F0 .49(is e)3.76 F +-.25 E(.)-.65 E(${)108 676.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(#)A F2(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 688.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(##)A F2(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0(})A(The)144 700.8 Q F2(wor)3.33 E(d)-.37 E F0 .49(is e)3.76 F .491(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.991 (xpansion. If)-.15 F .491(the pattern matches)2.991 F .412(the be)144 -643.2 R .412(ginning of the v)-.15 F .411(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.911 E +712.8 R .412(ginning of the v)-.15 F .411(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.911 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 2.911(,t).73 G .411(hen the result of the e)-2.911 F .411(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .411(xpanded v)-.15 F .411(alue of)-.25 F -F1(par)145.25 655.2 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .607 -(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)3.837 F(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 +F2(par)145.25 724.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .607 +(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)3.837 F(`)-.74 E F1(#)A F0 2.087 -.74('' c)D .607(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the).74 F --.74(``)144 667.2 S F2(##).74 E F0 1.654 -.74('' c)D .174 -(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.174 E F1(par)3.924 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is) -3.404 E F2(@)2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2(*)2.674 E F0 2.674(,t)C .173 -(he pattern remo)-2.674 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.673(lo).25 G .173 -(peration is applied to each posi-)-2.673 F .654 -(tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 679.2 R .654 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.655 E F1(par)4.405 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .655(is an array v)3.885 F(ariable)-.25 E .651 -(subscripted with)144 691.2 R F2(@)3.151 E F0(or)3.151 E F2(*)3.151 E F0 -3.151(,t)C .651(he pattern remo)-3.151 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.151(lo).25 G -.65(peration is applied to each member of the array in)-3.151 F -(turn, and the e)144 703.2 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(18)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(18)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(par)A -(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(The)144 108 Q F1(wor) -2.618 E(d)-.37 E F0 .118(is e)2.618 F .119 +-.35 E -.74(``)144 84 S/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(##).74 E F0 1.654 -.74 +('' c)D .174(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.174 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(par)3.924 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.404 E F1(@)2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 +(*)2.674 E F0 2.674(,t)C .173(he pattern remo)-2.674 F -.25(va)-.15 G +2.673(lo).25 G .173(peration is applied to each posi-)-2.673 F .654 +(tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 96 R .654 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.655 E F2(par)4.405 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .655(is an array v)3.885 F(ariable)-.25 E .651 +(subscripted with)144 108 R F1(@)3.151 E F0(or)3.151 E F1(*)3.151 E F0 +3.151(,t)C .651(he pattern remo)-3.151 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.151(lo).25 G +.65(peration is applied to each member of the array in)-3.151 F +(turn, and the e)144 120 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 +136.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 +148.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(The)144 +160.8 Q F2(wor)2.618 E(d)-.37 E F0 .118(is e)2.618 F .119 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.619 (xpansion. If)-.15 F .119(the pattern matches a)2.619 F 2.402 -(trailing portion of the e)144 120 R 2.402(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.401 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 4.901(,t).73 G 2.401 +(trailing portion of the e)144 172.8 R 2.402(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.401 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 4.901(,t).73 G 2.401 (hen the result of the e)-4.901 F 2.401(xpansion is the)-.15 F -.15(ex) -144 132 S 1.152(panded v).15 F 1.152(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.902 E +144 184.8 S 1.152(panded v).15 F 1.152(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.902 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 1.152(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.382 -F(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.632 -.74('' c)D 1.153(ase\) or the longest).74 F -.79(matching pattern \(the `)144 144 R(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 2.27 -.74 -('' c)D .79(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.79 E F1(par)4.54 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0(is)4.02 E F2(@)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F2(*)3.29 E F0 3.29(,t)C .79 +F(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.632 -.74('' c)D 1.153(ase\) or the longest).74 F +.79(matching pattern \(the `)144 196.8 R(`)-.74 E F1(%%)A F0 2.27 -.74 +('' c)D .79(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.79 E F2(par)4.54 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0(is)4.02 E F1(@)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(*)3.29 E F0 3.29(,t)C .79 (he pattern remo)-3.29 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.29(lo).25 G(pera-)-3.29 E 1.758(tion is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) -144 156 R 1.758(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.759 E F1 -(par)145.25 168 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .089(is an array v)3.319 F .089 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.589 E F0(or)2.589 E F2(*)2.589 E +144 208.8 R 1.758(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.759 E F2 +(par)145.25 220.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .089(is an array v)3.319 F .089 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.589 E F0(or)2.589 E F1(*)2.589 E F0 2.589(,t)C .089(he pattern remo)-2.589 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.588(lo).25 G .088(peration is applied to)-2.588 F -(each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 180 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 196.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A(The)144 208.8 Q F1 +(each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 232.8 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 249.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0(})A(The)144 261.6 Q F2 (pattern)5.085 E F0 2.585(is e)5.085 F 2.585 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion.) --.15 E F1 -.8(Pa)7.585 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0(is)5.085 E -.15(ex) -144 220.8 S 1.452(panded and the longest match of).15 F F1(pattern)3.951 +-.15 E F2 -.8(Pa)7.585 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0(is)5.085 E -.15(ex) +144 273.6 S 1.452(panded and the longest match of).15 F F2(pattern)3.951 E F0(ag)3.951 E 1.451(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.451(alue is replaced with) --.25 F F1(string)3.951 E F0 6.451(.I)C(f)-6.451 E F1(pattern)3.951 E F0 -(be)144 232.8 Q 1.236(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)3.736 E F0 3.737(,a)C 1.237 -(ll matches of)-3.737 F F1(pattern)3.737 E F0 1.237(are replaced with) -3.737 F F1(string)3.737 E F0 6.237(.N)C 1.237 -(ormally only the \214rst match is)-6.237 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 244.8 -R F1(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F2(#)2.58 E F0 +-.25 F F2(string)3.951 E F0 6.451(.I)C(f)-6.451 E F2(pattern)3.951 E F0 +(be)144 285.6 Q 1.236(gins with)-.15 F F1(/)3.736 E F0 3.737(,a)C 1.237 +(ll matches of)-3.737 F F2(pattern)3.737 E F0 1.237(are replaced with) +3.737 F F2(string)3.737 E F0 6.237(.N)C 1.237 +(ormally only the \214rst match is)-6.237 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 297.6 +R F2(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F1(#)2.58 E F0 2.58(,i)C 2.58(tm)-2.58 G .079(ust match at the be)-2.58 F .079 -(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 256.8 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1 -(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0 +(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F2 +(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 309.6 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F2 +(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.261 E F0 3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F -.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(string)144 268.8 Q F0 1.938 -(is null, matches of)4.438 F F1(pattern)4.438 E F0 1.938 -(are deleted and the)4.438 F F2(/)4.437 E F0(follo)4.437 E(wing)-.25 E -F1(pattern)4.437 E F0 1.937(may be omitted.)4.437 F(If)6.937 E F1(par) -145.25 280.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.328 E F2(@)2.598 E F0(or)2.598 E F2 +.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F2(string)144 321.6 Q F0 1.938 +(is null, matches of)4.438 F F2(pattern)4.438 E F0 1.938 +(are deleted and the)4.438 F F1(/)4.437 E F0(follo)4.437 E(wing)-.25 E +F2(pattern)4.437 E F0 1.937(may be omitted.)4.437 F(If)6.937 E F2(par) +145.25 333.6 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.328 E F1(@)2.598 E F0(or)2.598 E F1 (*)2.598 E F0 2.598(,t)C .098(he substitution operation is applied to e\ -ach positional parameter in turn, and)-2.598 F .64(the e)144 292.8 R .64 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.64 E F1(par)4.39 E(ameter) +ach positional parameter in turn, and)-2.598 F .64(the e)144 345.6 R .64 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.64 E F2(par)4.39 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 .64(is an array v)3.87 F .64(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F -F2(@)3.14 E F0(or)3.14 E F2(*)3.14 E F0 3.14(,t)C(he)-3.14 E 1.446(subs\ +F1(@)3.14 E F0(or)3.14 E F1(*)3.14 E F0 3.14(,t)C(he)-3.14 E 1.446(subs\ titution operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and \ -the e)144 304.8 R 1.447(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 316.8 -Q F2(Command Substitution)87 333.6 Q F1 1.698(Command substitution)108 -345.6 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 +the e)144 357.6 R 1.447(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 369.6 +Q F1(Command Substitution)87 386.4 Q F2 1.698(Command substitution)108 +398.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 (ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 357.6 Q F2($\()144 379.2 Q F1 -(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 391.2 Q F2<92>144 403.2 Q F1(command) -A F2<92>A(Bash)108 420 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 +(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 410.4 Q F1($\()144 432 Q F2 +(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 444 Q F1<92>144 456 Q F2(command)A F1 +<92>A(Bash)108 472.8 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.519 E F0 .02(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 -(dard output of the command, with an)108 432 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 +(dard output of the command, with an)108 484.8 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 (railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768 -F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 444 Q 3.218(ym) --.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719 +F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 496.8 Q 3.218 +(ym)-.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719 (uring w)-3.218 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 -(The command substitution)5.719 F F2($\(cat)3.219 E F1(\214le)3.219 E F2 -(\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 456 Q -.25(va)-.25 -G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2 -(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ - used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 472.8 R(xcept)-.15 E -.314(when follo)108 484.8 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 -<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ +(The command substitution)5.719 F F1($\(cat)3.219 E F2(\214le)3.219 E F1 +(\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 508.8 Q -.25(va) +-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F1(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution \ +is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 525.6 R(xcept)-.15 +E .314(when follo)108 537.6 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1 +<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 496.8 R 1.387(using the $\() -3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 +sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 549.6 R 1.387(using the $\() +3.887 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 (orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G 3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 508.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 525.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +(mand; none are treated specially)108 561.6 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 578.4 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 537.6 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 554.4 R .422 +(quotes with backslashes.)108 590.4 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 607.2 R .422 (ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 566.4 Q F2(Arithmetic Expansion)87 583.2 Q F0 -1.034(Arithmetic e)108 595.2 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034 -(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F -1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 607.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F2($\(\() -144 624 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F2(\)\))A F0(The)108 640.8 Q -F1 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +F(on the results.)108 619.2 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 636 Q F0 1.034 +(Arithmetic e)108 648 R 1.034(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 +(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +(The format for arithmetic e)108 660 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 +676.8 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 693.6 Q +F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 (is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 (ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F 1.074 -(treated specially)108 652.8 R 6.074(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.074 F +(treated specially)108 705.6 R 6.074(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.074 F 1.074(ens in the e)-.1 F 1.074(xpression under)-.15 F 1.074 (go parameter e)-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.075 -(xpansion, command)-.15 F(substitution, and quote remo)108 664.8 Q -.25 +(xpansion, command)-.15 F(substitution, and quote remo)108 717.6 Q -.25 (va)-.15 G 2.5(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 681.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.378(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F -3.878(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.878 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0(If)5.878 E F1 -.2(ex)108 693.6 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in) -2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0 -(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.) --.1 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(19)185.115 E 0 -Cg EP +(pansions may be nested.).15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5) +138.465 E(19)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)87 84 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(Pr)108 96 Q .97(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 .971 -(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F2(FIFOs)A -F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F1(/de)3.471 E(v/fd)-.15 E -F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108 108 R .021 -(It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1 -(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 5.021 -(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 -(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 120 R -F2(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) +-.35 E 1.379(The e)108 84 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) +-.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F +(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +(If)5.878 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 96 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 +E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash) +2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E +(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F4(Pr)87 112.8 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F3(Pr)108 124.8 Q .97(ocess substitution)-.45 +F F0 .971(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F3 +(FIFOs)A F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F4(/de)3.471 E +(v/fd)-.15 E F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108 +136.8 R .021(It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F4(<\()2.521 E F3 +(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F4(>\()2.521 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E +F0 5.021(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F3(list)2.521 E F0 .021 +(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 148.8 +R F3(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F4(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) -.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058(he name of this \214le is passed as an ar) -5.058 F .059(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .131 -(mand as the result of the e)108 132 R 2.631(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) -2.63 E F1(>\()2.63 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .13 +(mand as the result of the e)108 160.8 R 2.631(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) +2.63 E F4(>\()2.63 E F3(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .13 (form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .13(vide input for) --.15 F F2(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 144 Q F1(<\()2.5 E F2(list)A F1 -(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E -(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 -(.)A .896(When a)108 160.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\ +-.15 F F3(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 172.8 Q F4(<\()2.5 E F3(list)A +F4(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E +(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F3(list)2.5 E F0 +(.)A .896(When a)108 189.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\ ution is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .897 (ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 172.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 189.6 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 201.6 R 1.142 +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 201.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F4 +-.75(Wo)87 218.4 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 230.4 R 1.142 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 213.6 Q -F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 230.4 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 242.4 Q +F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 259.2 R F1(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) --.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.789(on these characters.)108 242.4 R(If)6.789 E F3 +-.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.789(on these characters.)108 271.2 R(If)6.789 E F1 (IFS)4.289 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.039 F 1.788(alue is e)-.25 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1()4.288 E F0 4.288(,t)C 1.788 -(he def)-4.288 F 1.788(ault, then)-.1 F .021(sequences of)108 254.4 R F1 -()2.521 E F0(,)A F1()2.521 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F1 +(xactly)-.15 E F4()4.288 E F0 4.288(,t)C 1.788 +(he def)-4.288 F 1.788(ault, then)-.1 F .021(sequences of)108 283.2 R F4 +()2.521 E F0(,)A F4()2.521 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F4 ()2.521 E F0 .021(at the be)2.521 F .021 (ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .022(vious e)-.25 F -(xpan-)-.15 E .586(sions are ignored, and an)108 266.4 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G -.586(equence of)-3.086 F F3(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586 +(xpan-)-.15 E .586(sions are ignored, and an)108 295.2 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G +.586(equence of)-3.086 F F1(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586 (characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .585 -(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 278.4 Q F3(IFS)3.617 E F0 +(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 307.2 Q F1(IFS)3.617 E F0 1.117(has a v)3.367 F 1.117(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.117 -(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)3.617 -E F0(and)3.617 E F1(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be) -108 290.4 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315 +(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F4(space)3.617 +E F0(and)3.617 E F4(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be) +108 319.2 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315 (ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .315 -(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.565 E F3(IFS)108 302.4 Q F0 +(alue of)-.25 F F1(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.565 E F1(IFS)108 331.2 Q F0 1.053(whitespace character\).)3.303 F(An)6.053 E 3.553(yc)-.15 G 1.053 -(haracter in)-3.553 F F3(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F3 +(haracter in)-3.553 F F1(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F1 (IFS)3.553 E F0 1.054(whitespace, along with an)3.304 F 3.554(ya)-.15 G -(djacent)-3.554 E F3(IFS)3.554 E F0 .332 -(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 314.4 R 2.832(As)5.332 G -.332(equence of)-2.832 F F3(IFS)2.832 E F0 .331 +(djacent)-3.554 E F1(IFS)3.554 E F0 .332 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 343.2 R 2.832(As)5.332 G +.332(equence of)-2.832 F F1(IFS)2.832 E F0 .331 (whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108 -326.4 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E +355.2 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.878 -(Explicit null ar)108 343.2 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G -F0(or)3.545 E F1 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) +(Explicit null ar)108 372 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G F0 +(or)3.545 E F4 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) -4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.879 -(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 355.2 S .177 +(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 384 S .177 (pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .477 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.677(ov).15 G .177(alues, are remo)-2.927 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.676(ap) 2.676 G .176(arameter with no v)-2.676 F .176(alue is e)-.25 F .176 -(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 367.2 Q -(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 384 Q -(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 400.8 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 412.8 R .37 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F12.87 E F0 .37 -(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F -.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 -2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 424.8 R .677 -(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E +(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 396 Q +(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 412.8 Q +(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 429.6 S +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 441.6 R .37 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F42.87 E F0 .37 +(option has been set,)2.87 F F4(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F +.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.871 E F0 +2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F4([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 453.6 R .677 +(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F3(pattern)3.177 E F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F 1.456 -(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 436.8 R +(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern.)108 465.6 R 1.457(If no matching \214le names are found, and the shell)6.457 F -(option)108 448.8 Q F1(nullglob)3.265 E F0 .765(is disabled, the w)3.265 -F .765(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .765(If the)5.765 F F1(nullglob) +(option)108 477.6 Q F4(nullglob)3.265 E F0 .765(is disabled, the w)3.265 +F .765(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .765(If the)5.765 F F4(nullglob) 3.265 E F0 .765(option is set, and no matches are)3.265 F .305 -(found, the w)108 460.8 R .305(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.805 -(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F1(failglob)2.805 E F0 .305 +(found, the w)108 489.6 R .305(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.805 +(d. If).15 F(the)2.805 E F4(failglob)2.805 E F0 .305 (shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message)2.805 F -.929(is printed and the command is not e)108 472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.428(cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F1(nocaseglob)3.428 +.929(is printed and the command is not e)108 501.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.428(cuted. If).15 F .928(the shell option)3.428 F F4(nocaseglob)3.428 E F0 .928(is enabled, the match is per)3.428 F(-)-.2 E .032 -(formed without re)108 484.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .032 +(formed without re)108 513.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .032 (rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .033 (When a pattern is used for pathname e)5.033 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .105 -(the character)108 496.8 R F1 -.63(``)2.605 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 +(the character)108 525.6 R F4 -.63(``)2.605 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .105(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.105 F .104 (wing a slash must be matched e)-.25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.604(,u)-.65 G -(nless)-2.604 E .887(the shell option)108 508.8 R F1(dotglob)3.387 E F0 +(nless)-2.604 E .887(the shell option)108 537.6 R F4(dotglob)3.387 E F0 .887(is set.)3.387 F .888 (When matching a pathname, the slash character must al)5.887 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .888(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 520.8 S(plicitly).15 E 6.166 -(.I)-.65 G 3.666(no)-6.166 G 1.166(ther cases, the)-3.666 F F1 -.63(``) +-.1 G .888(ys be matched).1 F -.15(ex)108 549.6 S(plicitly).15 E 6.166 +(.I)-.65 G 3.666(no)-6.166 G 1.166(ther cases, the)-3.666 F F4 -.63(``) 3.666 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.166 (character is not treated specially)6.166 F 6.165(.S)-.65 G 1.165 -(ee the description of)-6.165 F F1(shopt)3.665 E F0(belo)3.665 E(w)-.25 -E(under)108 532.8 Q F3 .477(SHELL B)2.977 F(UIL)-.09 E .477 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the)2.727 F F1 -(nocaseglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F1(nullglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.978 -E F0 2.978(,a)C(nd)-2.978 E F1(dotglob)2.978 E F0(shell options.)108 -544.8 Q(The)108 561.6 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.631 E F0 .131(shell v)2.381 F +(ee the description of)-6.165 F F4(shopt)3.665 E F0(belo)3.665 E(w)-.25 +E(under)108 561.6 Q F1 .477(SHELL B)2.977 F(UIL)-.09 E .477 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .477(for a description of the)2.727 F F4 +(nocaseglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F4(nullglob)2.978 E F0(,)A F4(failglob)2.978 +E F0 2.978(,a)C(nd)-2.978 E F4(dotglob)2.978 E F0(shell options.)108 +573.6 Q(The)108 590.4 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.631 E F0 .131(shell v)2.381 F .131(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a) --.25 F F2(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F3(GLO-)2.63 E -(BIGNORE)108 573.6 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ -so matches one of the patterns in)4.264 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) -4.265 E(remo)108 585.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.504(df).15 G .004 -(rom the list of matches.)-2.504 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F1 -.63 -(``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F1 -.63(``)2.503 G(..) +-.25 F F3(pattern)2.63 E F0 5.13(.I).24 G(f)-5.13 E F1(GLO-)2.63 E +(BIGNORE)108 602.4 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\ +so matches one of the patterns in)4.264 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)4.515 E F0(is) +4.265 E(remo)108 614.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.504(df).15 G .004 +(rom the list of matches.)-2.504 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F4 -.63 +(``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F4 -.63(``)2.503 G(..) .63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .003(are al)5.633 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .003 -(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.503 E F0(is)2.253 E .045 -(set and not null.)108 597.6 R(Ho)5.045 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .845 --.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.545 E F0 .046 +(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.503 E F0(is)2.253 E .045 +(set and not null.)108 626.4 R(Ho)5.045 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .845 +-.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.545 E F0 .046 (to a non-null v)2.296 F .046(alue has the ef)-.25 F .046 -(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F1(dotglob)2.546 E F0 .614 -(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 609.6 R .614 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .614 +(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F4(dotglob)2.546 E F0 .614 +(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 638.4 R .614 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .614 (will match.)5.614 F 2.213 -.8(To g)5.614 H .613(et the old beha).8 F -.613(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .456(\214le names be)108 621.6 R .456 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 -2.957(,m)C(ak)-2.957 E(e)-.1 E F1 -.63(``)2.957 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 -.457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)4.957 E F1(dotglob)2.957 E F0 .457 -(option is)2.957 F(disabled when)108 633.6 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -(is unset.)2.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 650.4 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching) --2.5 E F0(An)108 667.2 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in \ -a pattern, other than the special pattern characters described belo) --3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 679.2 -R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G -1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F -.576(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 691.2 R .576 +.613(vior of ignoring)-.2 F .456(\214le names be)108 650.4 R .456 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 +2.957(,m)C(ak)-2.957 E(e)-.1 E F4 -.63(``)2.957 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 +.457(one of the patterns in)5.457 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.957 E F2(.)A F0(The) +4.957 E F4(dotglob)2.957 E F0 .457(option is)2.957 F(disabled when)108 +662.4 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0(is unset.)2.25 E F4 -.1(Pa)108 679.2 S +(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 696 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G +.638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern\ + characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E +3.62(itself. The)108 708 R 1.12 +(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12 +(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F .576 +(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 720 R .576 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 703.2 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 720 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2007 September 14)135.125 E(20)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(20) +188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)108 84 Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(tring, including the null string.)-2.5 E F1(?)108 96 Q F0(Matches an)31 -E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1([...])108 108 Q F0 -.256(Matches an)21.84 F 2.756(yo)-.15 G .257 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-2.756 F 2.757(Ap)5.257 G .257 -(air of characters separated by a h)-2.757 F .257(yphen denotes a)-.05 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)144 120 S(ng).15 E 3.29(ee)-.1 G(xpr) --3.49 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.29(;a)C 1.09 -.15(ny c)-3.29 H .789 -(haracter that sorts between those tw).15 F 3.289(oc)-.1 G .789 -(haracters, inclusi)-3.289 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.289(,u).15 G .789 -(sing the cur)-3.289 F(-)-.2 E .349(rent locale')144 132 R 2.849(sc)-.55 -G .349(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.849 F .35 -(If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .35(wing the)-.25 F F1([)2.85 E -F0 .564(is a)144 144 R F1(!)3.064 E F0 .564(or a)5.564 F F1(^)3.064 E F0 -.564(then an)3.064 F 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564 +-.35 E(to be matched literally)108 84 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 100.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)108 117.6 +Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tring, including the null string.) +-2.5 E F1(?)108 129.6 Q F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1([...])108 141.6 Q F0 .256 +(Matches an)21.84 F 2.756(yo)-.15 G .257(ne of the enclosed characters.) +-2.756 F 2.757(Ap)5.257 G .257(air of characters separated by a h)-2.757 +F .257(yphen denotes a)-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)144 153.6 +S(ng).15 E 3.29(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.49 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.29(;a)C 1.09 +-.15(ny c)-3.29 H .789(haracter that sorts between those tw).15 F 3.289 +(oc)-.1 G .789(haracters, inclusi)-3.289 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.289(,u).15 G +.789(sing the cur)-3.289 F(-)-.2 E .349(rent locale')144 165.6 R 2.849 +(sc)-.55 G .349(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-2.849 +F .35(If the \214rst character follo)5.349 F .35(wing the)-.25 F F1([) +2.85 E F0 .564(is a)144 177.6 R F1(!)3.064 E F0 .564(or a)5.564 F F1(^) +3.064 E F0 .564(then an)3.064 F 3.064(yc)-.15 G .564 (haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.064 F .563 -(The sorting order of characters in range)5.564 F -.15(ex)144 156 S +(The sorting order of characters in range)5.564 F -.15(ex)144 189.6 S 1.102(pressions is determined by the current locale and the v).15 F 1.102(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)3.602 E(TE)-.95 E F0 1.103(shell v) -3.603 F(ari-)-.25 E .089(able, if set.)144 168 R(A)5.089 E F12.589 E -F0 .088(may be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character\ - in the set.)2.589 F(A)5.088 E F1(])2.588 E F0 .088(may be)2.588 F -(matched by including it as the \214rst character in the set.)144 180 Q --.4(Wi)144 198 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.914 E F0(and)2.914 E F1(])2.914 E F0 -(,)A F2 -.15(ch)2.914 G(ar).15 E .414(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .415 +3.603 F(ari-)-.25 E .089(able, if set.)144 201.6 R(A)5.089 E F12.589 +E F0 .088(may be matched by including it as the \214rst or last charact\ +er in the set.)2.589 F(A)5.088 E F1(])2.588 E F0 .088(may be)2.588 F +(matched by including it as the \214rst character in the set.)144 213.6 +Q -.4(Wi)144 231.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.914 E F0(and)2.914 E F1(])2.914 E +F0(,)A F2 -.15(ch)2.914 G(ar).15 E .414(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .415 (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)2.915 F F1([:)2.915 E F2(class)A F1 (:])A F0 2.915(,w)C(here)-2.915 E F2(class)2.915 E F0 .415(is one of) -2.915 F(the follo)144 210 Q +2.915 F(the follo)144 243.6 Q (wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.421 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)144 222 R 5.421 -(wer print punct space upper w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E(xdigit)144 234 Q F0 2.518 -(Ac)144 246 S .018(haracter class matches an)-2.518 F 2.518(yc)-.15 G -.019(haracter belonging to that class.)-2.518 F(The)5.019 E F1 -.1(wo) -2.519 G(rd).1 E F0 .019(character class matches)2.519 F -(letters, digits, and the character _.)144 258 Q -.4(Wi)144 276 S(thin) -.4 E F1([)3.547 E F0(and)3.547 E F1(])3.547 E F0 3.547(,a)C(n)-3.547 E -F2 1.046(equivalence class)3.546 F F0 1.046 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)144 255.6 R 5.421 +(wer print punct space upper w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E(xdigit)144 267.6 Q F0 +2.518(Ac)144 279.6 S .018(haracter class matches an)-2.518 F 2.518(yc) +-.15 G .019(haracter belonging to that class.)-2.518 F(The)5.019 E F1 +-.1(wo)2.519 G(rd).1 E F0 .019(character class matches)2.519 F +(letters, digits, and the character _.)144 291.6 Q -.4(Wi)144 309.6 S +(thin).4 E F1([)3.547 E F0(and)3.547 E F1(])3.547 E F0 3.547(,a)C(n) +-3.547 E F2 1.046(equivalence class)3.546 F F0 1.046 (can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.546 F F1([=)3.546 E F2(c)A F1(=]) A F0 3.546(,w)C 1.046(hich matches all)-3.546 F(characters with the sam\ e collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as the charac\ -ter)144 288 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)144 306 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F2 +ter)144 321.6 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)144 339.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5 +E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F2 (symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2(symbol)2.5 E -F0(.)A .704(If the)108 322.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +F0(.)A .704(If the)108 356.4 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 (shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 (xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 -334.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 +368.4 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 (is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 346.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 370.8 Q F2 +108 380.4 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 404.4 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 382.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 394.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 406.8 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 418.8 Q F2 +(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 416.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 428.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 440.4 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 452.4 Q F2 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 430.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 442.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 454.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) -.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 466.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches an)180 478.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) --.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 495.6 -Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 507.6 R 1.112 +(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 464.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 476.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 488.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) +.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 500.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches an)180 512.4 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) +-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 529.2 +Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 541.2 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) 3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 519.6 Q .3 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 553.2 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 536.4 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 548.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 570 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 582 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .616 -(by the shell.)108 560.4 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open an\ -d close \214les for the current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617 -(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.275(ment. The)108 572.4 R(follo)3.275 E +(by the shell.)108 594 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open and \ +close \214les for the current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617 +(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.275(ment. The)108 606 R(follo)3.275 E .774(wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .774 (ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .774(simple command)3.614 F F0(or)4.044 E -(may follo)108 584.4 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G +(may follo)108 618 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G (edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear) -2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .283(In the follo)108 -601.2 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ +634.8 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513 -(ion operator is)108 613.2 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +(ion operator is)108 646.8 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 625.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 658.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 642 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +-2.5 E .824(The w)108 675.6 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .773 -(jected to brace e)108 654 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 +(jected to brace e)108 687.6 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .772 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .843 -(sion, quote remo)108 666 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F .843 -(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 F -.843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.344 E F0 -(reports an error)108 678 Q(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 694.8 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 711.6 Q F1(>)2.5 -E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 728.4 -Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(GNU Bash-3.2) -72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(21)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(sion, quote remo)108 699.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F +.843(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 +F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.344 E F0 +(reports an error)108 711.6 Q(.)-.55 E +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 728.4 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 December 5)138.465 E(21)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(ls 2)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0 -(dirlist)2.5 E .388(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 100.8 -R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.888 E F0 2.888(,b).68 G .387 -(ecause the standard error w)-2.888 F .387 -(as duplicated as standard output)-.1 F(before the standard output w)108 -112.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 -129.6 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598 -(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)-.15 G .599 -(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F(wing)-.25 E -(table:)108 141.6 Q F1(/de)144 158.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 -170.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E 2.5 -<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1 -(/de)144 182.4 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 -194.4 Q F1(/de)144 206.4 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 218.4 Q F1(/de)144 230.4 Q -(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 242.4 Q F1(/de) -144 254.4 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 266.4 Q -F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 278.4 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) --.1 E F1(/de)144 290.4 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If) -180 302.4 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +-.35 E(ls)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1 +(>&)A F0(1)A +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 100.8 +Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G +(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 117.6 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0 +(dirlist)2.5 E .388(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 134.4 +R F2(dirlist)2.888 E F0 2.888(,b).68 G .387(ecause the standard error w) +-2.888 F .387(as duplicated as standard output)-.1 F +(before the standard output w)108 146.4 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2 +(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 163.2 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 175.2 Q F1(/de)144 192 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A F0 +(If)180 204 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E +2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E +F1(/de)144 216 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 +228 Q F1(/de)144 240 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 252 Q F1(/de)144 264 Q(v/stderr) +-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 276 Q F1(/de)144 288 Q +(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 300 Q F2(host)2.997 +E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497(alid hostname or Internet address, and) +-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496(is an inte)2.996 F .496 +(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E(vice name,)180 312 Q F1(bash)2.5 +E F0(attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E +(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 324 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0 +(If)180 336 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 314.4 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 348 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.) --.1 E 2.5(Af)108 331.2 S +-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 364.8 S (ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E (ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\ -hould be used with care, as the)108 348 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 +hould be used with care, as the)108 381.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 (ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 360 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -376.8 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 393.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +410.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 388.8 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 400.8 Q F2 +108 422.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 434.4 Q F2 (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 417.6 Q([)144 434.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 451.2 Q -(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175 +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 451.2 Q([)144 468 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 484.8 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 463.2 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 475.2 +108 496.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 508.8 R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 .824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F --.15(ex)108 487.2 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +-.15(ex)108 520.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 504 Q([)144 520.8 Q +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 537.6 Q([)144 554.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 537.6 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +(If the redirection operator is)108 571.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C .155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) 2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 549.6 R +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 583.2 R .657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 (ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 561.6 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 595.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 (option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +607.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -590.4 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 602.4 R .642 +624 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 636 R .642 (ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 614.4 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 648 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 .473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 -626.4 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 643.2 Q([)144 660 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 681.6 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E(Bash)108 693.6 -Q F0(allo)3.141 E .642(ws both the standard output \(\214le descriptor \ -1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descriptor 2\) to)-.25 F -(be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 705.6 Q -(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(with this construct.)3.27 -E(There are tw)108 722.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G -(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(22)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +660 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 676.8 Q([)144 693.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 December 5)138.465 E(22)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&>)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 96 Q F1(>&)144 108 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 -(Of the tw)108 124.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 -E(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 -141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(Her)87 158.4 Q -2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection instructs\ - the shell to read input from the current source until a line containin\ -g only)108 170.4 R F2(wor)108.34 182.4 Q(d)-.37 E F0 .683 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.953 F .684 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Redir)87 84 Q +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E(Bash)108 96 Q +F0(allo)3.141 E .642(ws both the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\ +\) and the standard error output \(\214le descriptor 2\) to)-.25 F +(be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 108 Q(xpansion of) +-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(with this construct.)3.27 E(There are tw)108 124.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 +(&>)144 141.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 153.6 Q F1(>&)144 165.6 Q +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 182.4 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 199.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(Her)87 216 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(T\ +his type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the curr\ +ent source until a line containing only)108 228 R F2(wor)108.34 240 Q(d) +-.37 E F0 .683(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.953 F .684 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard) -5.684 F(input for a command.)108 194.4 Q -(The format of here-documents is:)108 211.2 Q F1(<<)144 228 Q F0([)A F1 -A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 240 Q(e-document)-.37 E -(delimiter)144 252 Q F0 .128(No parameter e)108 268.8 R .127 +5.684 F(input for a command.)108 252 Q(The format of here-documents is:) +108 268.8 Q F1(<<)144 285.6 Q F0([)A F1A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E +(her)164 297.6 Q(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 309.6 Q F0 .128 +(No parameter e)108 326.4 R .127 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108 -280.8 Q F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G +338.4 Q F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G 1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F2(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774 (is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n) -3.275 E F2(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905 -(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 292.8 R 3.405(xpanded. If) +(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 350.4 R 3.405(xpanded. If) -.15 F F2(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904 (is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694 -(subjected to parameter e)108 304.8 R .695 +(subjected to parameter e)108 362.4 R .695 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195 (xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F -(character sequence)108 316.8 Q F1(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and) +(character sequence)108 374.4 Q F1(\\)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and) 2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\) 2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 -(If the redirection operator is)108 333.6 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +(If the redirection operator is)108 391.2 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ - and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 345.6 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 403.2 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 (.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 362.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 374.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1 -(<<<)144 391.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 408 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 -E F0(is e)2.5 E +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 420 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(Av)108 432 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1(<<<) +144 448.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 465.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E +F0(is e)2.5 E (xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E F1 -(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 424.8 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -436.8 Q([)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 470.4 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 482.4 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 +494.4 Q([)144 511.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 528 R(If)5.127 E F2 +(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -482.4 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G +540 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G 2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G 2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 .457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 494.4 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 552 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) 2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F12.649 E F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) 2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 506.4 Q -(The operator)108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 .444 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 564 Q +(The operator)108 580.8 Q([)144 597.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A +(d)-.37 E F0 .444 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 614.4 R (If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 (is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 568.8 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) +(tor 1\) is used.)108 626.4 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) 4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 580.8 R 2.597 +utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 638.4 R 2.597 (as)2.597 G .097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096 (is omitted, and)2.596 F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e) 2.596 F .096(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F -(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 592.8 Q -(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 609.6 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 621.6 Q([)144 638.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&) -A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G -.535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 +(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 650.4 Q +(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 667.2 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 679.2 Q([)144 696 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A +F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535 +(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 (to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) -3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2 -(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 667.2 Q F2(digit)5 +(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 724.8 Q F2(digit)5 E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A -(Similarly)108 684 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 -700.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1A F0(mo)108 717.6 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2(digit) -2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o) -.24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 -.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2007 September 14)135.125 E(23)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(23)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Opening File Descriptors f)87 84 Q -(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0(The redirection operator)108 96 Q([) -144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 129.6 R 1.349 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 +-.35 E(Similarly)108 84 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E +([)144 100.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(>&)A F1(digit)A F2A F0(mo)108 117.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G +.286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F1(digit)2.786 E F0 .286 +(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt) +-2.786 G .285(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F1 +(n)2.785 E F0 .285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 129.6 Q F2 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 146.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 158.4 Q([)144 175.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) +A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 +192 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 141.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G -(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E +108 204 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G +(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 158.4 Q F2(Aliases)108 170.4 Q F0(allo)3.174 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 220.8 Q F1(Aliases)108 232.8 Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 (ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 182.4 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 -(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 194.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 244.8 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 +(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 256.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 (\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 -F(check)108 206.4 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 +F(check)108 268.8 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 (If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 218.4 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A +F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 280.8 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0 1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) --3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +-3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 (or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 230.4 R 1.119 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 292.8 R 1.119 (replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G 1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 -(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 242.4 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 304.8 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 (ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F -.295(not e)108 254.4 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 266.4 R +.295(not e)108 316.8 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 328.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F 3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) --3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 278.4 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) +-3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 340.8 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 295.2 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 -(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 357.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 +(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 312 R .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 374.4 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 324 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 -(Aliases are not e)108 340.8 R 1.22 +108 386.4 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 +(Aliases are not e)108 403.2 R 1.22 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) -.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F1(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 -(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 352.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 +.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F2(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 +(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 415.2 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -369.6 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 -(one complete line of input before e)108 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 +432 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1(wa) +-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 +(one complete line of input before e)108 444 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 (he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 393.6 S .904 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 456 S .904 (ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 (an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 -(another command does not tak)108 405.6 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 -G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F +(another command does not tak)108 468 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G +1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F 1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 -(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 417.6 R .277 +(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 480 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) 2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 -429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F -.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 441.6 -R .495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085 -(tion are not a)108 453.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 +492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699 +(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is\ + e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .494 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 504 R +.495(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .085 +(tion are not a)108 516 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084 (ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584 (cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .084(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F -(rate line, and do not use)108 465.6 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 -(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 482.4 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) +(rate line, and do not use)108 528 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 +(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 544.8 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 -(FUNCTIONS)72 499.2 Q F0 3.467(As)108 511.2 S .967 +(FUNCTIONS)72 561.6 Q F0 3.467(As)108 573.6 S .967 (hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 523.2 R +.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 585.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 -(mands associated with that function name is e)108 535.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 597.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 (cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 -(shell; no ne)108 547.2 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(shell; no ne)108 609.6 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 (rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 -F .639(function is e)108 559.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F +F .639(function is e)108 621.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 571.2 -R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 633.6 +R F2(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 (Special parameter 0 is unchanged.)5.532 F .532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F -1.017(ment of the)108 583.2 R F4(FUNCN)3.517 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va) +1.017(ment of the)108 645.6 R F4(FUNCN)3.517 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va) 3.267 G 1.017 (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.518(cuting. All).15 F 1.285 -(other aspects of the shell e)108 595.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.285 +(other aspects of the shell e)108 657.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.285 (cution en).15 F 1.285 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with the)-.4 -F -.15(ex)108 607.2 S 2.029(ception that the).15 F F4(DEB)4.529 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)4.279 E F1(RETURN)4.529 E F0 2.029 -(traps \(see the description of the)4.529 F F1(trap)4.53 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.53 G 2.03(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)4.53 E -.09(BU)108 619.2 S(IL).09 +F -.15(ex)108 669.6 S 2.029(ception that the).15 F F4(DEB)4.529 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)4.279 E F2(RETURN)4.529 E F0 2.029 +(traps \(see the description of the)4.529 F F2(trap)4.53 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.53 G 2.03(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)4.53 E -.09(BU)108 681.6 S(IL).09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 631.2 R F4(declar) +-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E +.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 693.6 R F4(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) --.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 643.2 S(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 E F1(DEB) -2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps\).)2.5 E -1.11(Va) -108 660 S .656(riables local to the function may be declared with the) -1.11 F F1(local)3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F -(Ordinarily)5.655 E 3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v) -108 672 Q(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.) --.55 E .043(If the b)108 688.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) -2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 -(cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 700.8 R 1.012 +-.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 705.6 S(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 E F2(DEB) +2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps\).)2.5 E -1.11(Va) +108 722.4 S .656(riables local to the function may be declared with the) +1.11 F F2(local)3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F +(Ordinarily)5.655 E 3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(24)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 25 25 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(their v)108 84 Q +(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E +.043(If the b)108 100.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.18(re)2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .043(cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 112.8 R 1.012 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G 1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 712.8 R +(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 124.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 (When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 724.8 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 136.8 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E -(24)185.115 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 25 25 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 1.359(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 -84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F -F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F 3.39(mands. The)108 96 R F13.39 E F0 -.89(option to)3.39 F F1(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset) -3.39 E F0 .89 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 153.6 R F1 +3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E +F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 165.6 R F13.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 +(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 108 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G +.327(\214le and line number)108 177.6 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G (he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 (shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 120 R 1.597 --.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.797 E F0 -1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 189.6 R +1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F13.797 E +F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 (iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 -(deleted using the)108 132 R F12.661 E F0 .161(option to the)2.661 -F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 +(deleted using the)108 201.6 R F12.661 E F0 .161(option to the) +2.661 F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 (that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 -144 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 -(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 156 Q +213.6 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 +(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 225.6 Q (en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E -(Functions may be recursi)108 172.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.N).15 G 2.5(ol) +(Functions may be recursi)108 242.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.N).15 G 2.5(ol) -5 G(imit is imposed on the number of recursi)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 189.6 Q(ALU) --1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 201.6 R +(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 259.2 Q(ALU) +-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 271.2 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va) -.25 G 2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let) -4.797 E F0(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 213.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G +4.797 E F0(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 283.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G .205(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .205(Arithmetic Expansion)2.705 F F0 2.705(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .206(ed-width inte) --.15 F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 225.6 R -.15(ve) +-.15 F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 295.2 R -.15(ve) -.15 G(r\215o).15 E 1.729 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .429(hough di).65 F .428 (vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.428(.T)-.55 G .428(he operators and their prece-)-5.428 F 1.919(dence, associati)108 -237.6 R(vity)-.25 E 4.419(,a)-.65 G 1.919(nd v)-4.419 F 1.919 +307.2 R(vity)-.25 E 4.419(,a)-.65 G 1.919(nd v)-4.419 F 1.919 (alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.92(The follo)6.92 F -1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 249.6 Q -.15 +1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 319.2 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 266.4 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25 -(va)144 278.4 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 -290.4 Q F3(id)A F12.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 302.4 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 314.4 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F1 2.5(!~)108 326.4 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 -338.4 Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 350.4 S F0 -(multiplication, di)10.72 E(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 -362.4 S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F1(<< >>)108 374.4 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F1(<= >= < >)108 386.4 Q F0 -(comparison)144 398.4 Q F1(== !=)108 410.4 Q F0(equality and inequality) -13.07 E F1(&)108 422.4 Q F0(bitwise AND)27.67 E F1(^)108 434.4 Q F0 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 336 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1A F0 -.25 +(va)144 348 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 +360 Q F3(id)A F12.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 372 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5108 384 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F1 2.5(!~)108 396 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 408 +Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 420 S F0 +(multiplication, di)10.72 E(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 432 +S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F1(<< >>)108 444 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F1(<= >= < >)108 456 Q F0 +(comparison)144 468 Q F1(== !=)108 480 Q F0(equality and inequality) +13.07 E F1(&)108 492 Q F0(bitwise AND)27.67 E F1(^)108 504 Q F0 (bitwise e)32.67 E(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 -446.4 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F1(&&)108 458.4 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F1 -(||)108 470.4 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E F3 -.2(ex)108 482.4 S(pr).2 E F1(?) -A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 494.4 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 506.4 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G -2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G -(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 518.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 530.4 S -(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 542.4 Q .68 -(Shell v)108 559.2 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 -(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 +516 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F1(&&)108 528 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F1(||) +108 540 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E F3 -.2(ex)108 552 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F3 -.2 +(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(conditional operator)144 564 +Q F1 2.5(=*)108 576 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5 +<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 588 +Q F3 -.2(ex)108 600 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +(comma)144 612 Q .68(Shell v)108 628.8 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F +.68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 571.2 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 640.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 583.2 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 652.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G 1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 -(using the parameter e)108 595.2 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 664.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 (The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 607.2 R 1.389 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 676.8 R 1.389 (ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) -3.889 E F3(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.889 E 1.389 (ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.889 E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is) -3.889 E .343(assigned a v)108 619.2 R 2.843(alue. A)-.25 F .343(null v) +3.889 E .343(assigned a v)108 688.8 R 2.843(alue. A)-.25 F .343(null v) 2.843 F .343(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .343(luates to 0.).25 F 2.843 (As)5.343 G .343(hell v)-2.843 F .343(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .643 -.15(ve i)-.2 H .343(ts inte).15 F .344(ger attrib)-.15 F .344 -(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 631.2 Q(xpression.)-.15 E +(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 700.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 -648 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F -(xadecimal.)-.15 E .589(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 660 R 3.089(et)-.1 G -.589(he form [)-3.089 F F3(base#)A F0 .589(]n, where)B F3(base)3.089 E -F0 .59(is a decimal number between 2 and 64 represent-)3.089 F .093 -(ing the arithmetic base, and)108 672 R F3(n)2.593 E F0 .093 -(is a number in that base.)2.593 F(If)5.093 E F3(base#)2.593 E F0 .092 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)2.593 F .092(The digits)5.092 F .064 -(greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 684 R .064 -(wercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order)-.25 F -5.065(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.065 E F3(base)2.565 E F0 .433 -(is less than or equal to 36, lo)108 696 R .432(wercase and uppercase l\ -etters may be used interchangeably to represent num-)-.25 F -(bers between 10 and 35.)108 708 Q .234(Operators are e)108 724.8 R -.25 -(va)-.25 G .234(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14) -135.125 E(25)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +717.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F +(xadecimal.)-.15 E 3.46(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 729.6 R 5.96(et)-.1 G +3.46(he form [)-5.96 F F3(base#)A F0 3.461(]n, where)B F3(base)5.961 E +F0 3.461(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)5.961 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 +768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(25)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E -.15(ove)108 84 S(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 100.8 Q -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256(Conditional e)108 112.8 R .256 -(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F0 -.255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F2 -([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F .77 -(\214le attrib)108 124.8 R .77 +-.35 E .534(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.034 E F0 .534(is a number in that base.)3.034 F +(If)5.533 E F1(base#)3.033 E F0 .533(is omitted, then base 10 is used.) +3.033 F .915(The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)108 96 +R .916(wercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that)-.25 F +(order)108 108 Q 5.671(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.671 E F1(base)3.171 E F0 .671 +(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.171 F .67 +(wercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to)-.25 F +(represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 120 Q .234(Operators are e)108 +136.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e) +5.234 E .234(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 148.8 S +(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F2 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 165.6 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 +(Conditional e)108 177.6 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F3 +(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F3([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255 +(iltin commands to test).2 F .77(\214le attrib)108 189.6 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.041 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 136.8 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y)-.15 E/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F3(/de)3.54 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 148.8 -Q F3(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E -F3(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F3(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F3(/de)3.789 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.789(,o)C(r)-3.789 E F3 -(/de)108 160.8 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C +(unary or binary primaries.)108 201.6 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y)-.15 E F1 +(\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)3.54 E +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 213.6 +Q F1(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E +F1(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 +(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) +-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.789(,o)C(r)-3.789 E F1 +(/de)108 225.6 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 177.6 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 189.6 -Q F2108 213.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 225.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2108 237.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2108 249.6 Q -F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2108 261.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) -2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2108 273.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G -(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E -(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2108 285.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) -10.58 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2108 297.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 309.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +108 242.4 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 254.4 +Q F3108 278.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3108 290.4 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F3108 302.4 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F3108 314.4 Q +F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F3108 326.4 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3108 338.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.25 G +(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E +(gular \214le.)-.15 E F3108 350.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +10.58 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F3108 362.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3108 374.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F2108 321.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 -E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) -.15 E F2108 333.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E -F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2108 -345.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2 -108 357.6 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E -F3(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2108 -369.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2 -108 381.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2108 -393.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2 -108 405.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F3 +-2.5 E F3108 386.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 +E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) +.15 E F3108 398.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.14 G(ue if).35 E +F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F3108 +410.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)11.69 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F3 +108 422.4 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)16.69 G(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E +F1(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F3108 +434.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F3 +108 446.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F3108 +458.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)10.58 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F3 +108 470.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F1 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F2108 417.6 Q F3 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F3108 482.4 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex) 2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15 -(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F2108 429.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2108 441.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2108 453.6 Q F3(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F3(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F3 -(\214le1)108 465.6 Q F02.5 E F2(nt)A F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -477.6 S .038(ue if).35 F F3(\214le1)2.538 E F0 .039(is ne)2.539 F .039 -(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 F F3(\214le2)2.539 E -F0 2.539(,o)C 2.539(ri)-2.539 G(f)-2.539 E F3(\214le1)2.539 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F3(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .039(does not.) -2.539 F F3(\214le1)108 489.6 Q F02.5 E F2(ot)A F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 501.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E -F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F3 -(\214le1)108 513.6 Q F2(\255ef)2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -525.6 S(ue if).35 E F3(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -(refer to the same de)2.5 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2108 -537.6 Q F3(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 549.6 S 1.144 -(ue if shell option).35 F F3(optname)3.874 E F0 1.144(is enabled.)3.824 -F 1.143(See the list of options under the description of the)6.144 F F2 -3.643 E F0(option to the)144 561.6 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2108 573.6 Q F3(string)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 585.6 S(ue if the length of).35 E F3(string)2.5 E F0 -(is zero.)2.5 E F3(string)108 597.6 Q F2108 609.6 Q F3(string)2.5 -E F0 -.35(Tr)144 621.6 S(ue if the length of).35 E F3(string)2.84 E F0 -(is non-zero.)2.72 E F3(string1)108 638.4 Q F2(==)2.5 E F3(string2)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 650.4 S(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F2(=)5 E F0 -(may be used in place of)2.5 E F2(==)2.5 E F0 -(for strict POSIX compliance.)2.5 E F3(string1)108 667.2 Q F2(!=)2.5 E -F3(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 679.2 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F3(string1)108 696 Q F2(<)2.5 E -F3(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 708 S(ue if).35 E F3(string1)2.5 E F0 -(sorts before)2.5 E F3(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E -(xicographically in the current locale.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2007 September 14)135.125 E(26)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F3108 494.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3108 506.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)10.02 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F3108 518.4 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 +(\214le1)108 530.4 Q F02.5 E F3(nt)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +542.4 S .038(ue if).35 F F1(\214le1)2.538 E F0 .039(is ne)2.539 F .039 +(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 F F1(\214le2)2.539 E +F0 2.539(,o)C 2.539(ri)-2.539 G(f)-2.539 E F1(\214le1)2.539 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.539 G .039(ists and).15 F F1(\214le2)2.539 E F0 .039(does not.) +2.539 F F1(\214le1)108 554.4 Q F02.5 E F3(ot)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 566.4 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E +F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1 +(\214le1)108 578.4 Q F3(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +590.4 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 +(refer to the same de)2.5 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F3108 +602.4 Q F1(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 614.4 S 1.144 +(ue if shell option).35 F F1(optname)3.874 E F0 1.144(is enabled.)3.824 +F 1.143(See the list of options under the description of the)6.144 F F3 +3.643 E F0(option to the)144 626.4 Q F3(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F3108 638.4 Q F1(string)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 650.4 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.5 E F0 +(is zero.)2.5 E F1(string)108 662.4 Q F3108 674.4 Q F1(string)2.5 +E F0 -.35(Tr)144 686.4 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.84 E F0 +(is non-zero.)2.72 E F1(string1)108 703.2 Q F3(==)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 715.2 S(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F3(=)5 E F0 +(may be used in place of)2.5 E F3(==)2.5 E F0 +(for strict POSIX compliance.)2.5 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 December 5)138.465 E(26)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string1)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>) -2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E -F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E -(xicographically in the current locale.)-.15 E F1(ar)108.33 112.8 Q(g1) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string1)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(!=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F1(string1)108 112.8 Q F2(<)2.5 +E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 124.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1)2.5 E +F0(sorts before)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E +(xicographically in the current locale.)-.15 E F1(string1)108 141.6 Q F2 +(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 153.6 S(ue if).35 E F1(string1) +2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E +(xicographically in the current locale.)-.15 E F1(ar)108.33 170.4 Q(g1) -.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 -124.8 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne) +182.4 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne) 2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 (\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar) 2.885 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less th\ -an or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 136.8 R F1 -(ar)144 148.8 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) +an or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 194.4 R F1 +(ar)144 206.4 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) .15 E(.)-.65 E 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Unless)-.25 F .133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 393.6 Q 32.5<8374>108 422.4 S 1.055(he shell')-32.5 F +(the shell.)108 446.4 Q 32.5<8374>108 475.2 S 1.055(he shell')-32.5 F 3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 434.4 Q 32.5<8374>108 451.2 S(he current w)-32.5 E -(orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 468 S -(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 484.8 S .857(hell v) +-3.556 F(mand)144 487.2 Q 32.5<8374>108 504 S(he current w)-32.5 E +(orking directory)-.1 E 32.5<8374>108 520.8 S +(he \214le creation mode mask)-32.5 E 32.5<8373>108 537.6 S .857(hell v) -32.5 F .857(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 496.8 Q(vironment) --.4 E 32.5<8374>108 513.6 S .306 +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 549.6 Q(vironment) +-.4 E 32.5<8374>108 566.4 S .306 (raps caught by the shell are reset to the v)-32.5 F .307 (alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307 -(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 525.6 Q -2.5(Ac)108 542.4 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G +(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 578.4 Q +2.5(Ac)108 595.2 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 559.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 571.2 S .244(ubshell en) --2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 612 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 624 S .244(ubshell en)-2.744 +F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 (vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.359(reset to the v)108 583.2 R .358 +.359(reset to the v)108 636 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 595.2 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 648 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 607.2 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .405 -(If a command is follo)108 624 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F3(&)2.905 E F0 -.404(and job control is not acti)2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G -.404(he def)-2.904 F .404(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197 -(is the empty \214le)108 636 R F2(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197(.O) -C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc).1 G -.198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.697 -F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 648 Q F1(ENVIR)72 664.8 Q(ONMENT) --.329 E F0 2.354(When a program is in)108 676.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 -G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e) --4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 -(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 688.8 Q -F0A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.485(The shell pro)108 705.6 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.485(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F -3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 717.6 Q .144(viron\ -ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F -5.288(cesses. Ex)108 729.6 R 2.788(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F -5.288(vironment. The)-.4 F F3(export)5.288 E F0(and)5.288 E F3(declar) -5.289 E 5.289<65ad>-.18 G(x)-5.289 E F0 2.789(commands allo)5.289 F(w) --.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(28)185.115 E 0 -Cg EP +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 660 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 +(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .405(If a command is follo) +108 676.8 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404 +(and job control is not acti)2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404 +(he def)-2.904 F .404(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197 +(is the empty \214le)108 688.8 R F5(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197 +(.O)C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc) +.1 G .198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) +-2.697 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 700.8 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 +Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(28)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .647 -(parameters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 84 -R 3.147(vironment. If)-.4 F .646(the v)3.146 F .646 -(alue of a parameter in)-.25 F .513(the en)108 96 R .513 -(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.013(wv)-.25 G .513 -(alue becomes part of the en)-3.263 F .513 -(vironment, replacing the old.)-.4 F .514(The en)5.514 F(vi-)-.4 E .523 -(ronment inherited by an)108 108 R 3.022(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.172 G .522 -(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.022(si)-.55 G .522 -(nitial en)-3.022 F .522(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .522(alues may)-.25 F -.578(be modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 120 R 3.078(yp)-.15 G .578 -(airs remo)-3.078 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.078(db).15 G 3.078(yt)-3.078 G(he) --3.078 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)3.078 E F0 .579(command, plus an) -3.078 F 3.079(ya)-.15 G .579(dditions via the)-3.079 F F1(export)3.079 E -F0(and)108 132 Q F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.) -2.5 E .563(The en)108 148.8 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .563(simple command)3.403 F F0 .562 +-.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 84 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.354 +(When a program is in)108 96 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G +4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na) +.25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.353(.T).68 G +2.353(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 108 Q F0A F2(value)A F0 +(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2(value)A F0(.).18 E +1.485(The shell pro)108 124.8 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +1.485(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985 +(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 136.8 Q .144(viron\ +ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ + it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F +2.703(cesses. Ex)108 148.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)2.703 E F0(and) +2.703 E F3(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203 +(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 160.8 R +3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 172.8 Q .64 +(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 +(alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 184.8 +R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 +(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 +(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F +.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 196.8 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 +(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 +E F3(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 +(dditions via the)-2.801 F F3(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F3(declar) +108 208.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 +225.6 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563(simple command) +3.403 F F0 .562 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 160.8 R .502 -.15(ve i) --.15 H(n).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F4 +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 237.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 172.8 Q -(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 189.6 R F1 -3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) +.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 249.6 Q +(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 266.4 R F3 +3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F3(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 -.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 201.6 Q +.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 278.4 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 218.4 Q F1(bash)3.396 E F0(in)3.396 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +-.4 E(When)108 295.2 Q F3(bash)3.396 E F0(in)3.396 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 3.396(sa).1 G 3.397(ne)-3.396 G .897(xternal command, the v) --3.547 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.397 E F0 .897 +-3.547 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(_)3.397 E F0 .897 (is set to the full \214le name of the command and)3.397 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 230.4 Q(vironment.)-.4 E/F5 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT ST)72 247.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 -.15 -(Fo)108 259.2 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G -.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F -.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 -(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 271.2 R 2.548(An) -5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(passed to that command in its en)108 307.2 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1 +(EXIT ST)72 324 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 -.15(Fo)108 336 S 3.373 +(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 +(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 +(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) +-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 348 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 +(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 283.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 360 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E (xit status.)-.15 E .405 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 300 R +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 376.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 312 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 328.8 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 388.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 405.6 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 345.6 R .08 +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 422.4 R .08 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 357.6 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 +-2.581 F(the)108 434.4 Q 2.5(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G 2.5(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins return an e).2 E -(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 374.4 Q +(xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.)-.15 E F3(Bash)108 451.2 Q F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 386.4 -Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F5 -(SIGN)72 403.2 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 415.2 Q F1(bash)3.182 E F0 .682 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 463.2 +Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F3 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 +(SIGN)72 480 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 492 Q F3(bash)3.182 E F0 .682 (is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(,i).15 G 3.182(nt)-3.182 G .682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) --3.183 F F3(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .683(kill 0) -3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 F(interacti)108 427.2 Q .758 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +-3.183 F F4(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683(\(so that)2.933 F F3 .683(kill 0) +3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 F(interacti)108 504 Q .758 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F3(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) 2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457(In all cases,)5.457 F -F1(bash)108 439.2 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F4(.)A F0 -(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 -E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 -E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 456 Q 1.064 -(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15 +F3(bash)108 516 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F5(.)A F0 +(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 +E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 +E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 532.8 Q 1.064 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15 (ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 468 -R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) -2.997 E F3(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 480 R .653 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 +544.8 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) +2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 556.8 R .653 (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 492 Q F3 -(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 508.8 R 2.046 -(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 520.8 Q F0 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 568.8 Q F4 +(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 585.6 R 2.046 +(xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E +F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 597.6 Q F0 1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F3(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 (to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 532.8 Q F4(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 609.6 Q F5(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G -.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 544.8 R F1(diso) -3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 +.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 621.6 R F3(diso) +3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 (SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E -1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 -(SIGHUP)108 556.8 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 573.6 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 -(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) -2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F3(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 +1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 +(SIGHUP)108 633.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 650.4 R F3(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F3(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F3(bash) +2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -585.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 602.4 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F +662.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 679.2 Q F3(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 -(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E +-3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 691.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F3(bash)3.163 E F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 626.4 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ -eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 +(via the)108 703.2 R F3(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ +eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F3 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 638.4 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 715.2 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F5(JOB CONTR)72 655.2 Q(OL)-.329 E F2 -.25 -(Jo)108 667.2 S 4.568(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.068 -(refers to the ability to selecti)5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 -(ly stop \().15 F F2(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.067(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 679.2 Q -F2 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 -(ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.002 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the system')108 691.2 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 708 R F2(job)5.025 E F0 .785 -(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 720 R F1(jobs) -2.84 E F0 2.84(command. 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F2(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8 +(To f)108 235.2 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) +.7 F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F +.87(notion of a)108 247.2 R F2(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -182.4 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.522 E -(INT)108 194.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.346 +259.2 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.522 E +(INT)108 271.2 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.346 (These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F2(for)3.847 E -.4(eg) -.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F2(Bac)6.927 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) -.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 F .146 -(group ID dif)108 206.4 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(group ID dif)108 283.2 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 (s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 (board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .041 -(ground processes are allo)108 218.4 R .042 +(ground processes are allo)108 295.2 R .042 (wed to read from or write to the terminal.)-.25 F .042 (Background processes which attempt to)5.042 F 1.64 -(read from \(write to\) the terminal are sent a)108 230.4 R F3 1.639 +(read from \(write to\) the terminal are sent a)108 307.2 R F4 1.639 (SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)4.14 F(OU\))-.162 E F0 1.639 (signal by the terminal dri)3.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.439 -.4(r, w).15 H -(hich,).4 E(unless caught, suspends the process.)108 242.4 Q 1.087 -(If the operating system on which)108 259.2 R F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 271.2 S +(hich,).4 E(unless caught, suspends the process.)108 319.2 Q 1.087 +(If the operating system on which)108 336 R F3(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 348 S .302(ping the).8 F F2(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) -3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +3.572 F F3(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 283.2 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 360 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F2 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C +2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F3(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C (ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ -mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 -295.2 R(to)108 307.2 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 372 +R(to)108 384 Q F3(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 -(background, the)108 319.2 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 +F3(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 +(background, the)108 396 R F3(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 (command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F1(^Z) -3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 331.2 Q .948(fect immediately) --.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 +F3(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F3(^Z) +3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 408 Q .948(fect immediately)-.25 +F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 343.2 Q 1.098(There are a number of w)108 360 R 1.097 +108 420 Q 1.098(There are a number of w)108 436.8 R 1.097 (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F 1.097(The character)6.097 F -F1(%)3.597 E F0 1.097(introduces a job name.)3.597 F(Job)6.097 E(number) -108 372 Q F2(n)3.13 E F0 .27(may be referred to as)3.01 F F1(%n)2.77 E +F3(%)3.597 E F0 1.097(introduces a job name.)3.597 F(Job)6.097 E(number) +108 448.8 Q F2(n)3.13 E F0 .27(may be referred to as)3.01 F F3(%n)2.77 E F0 5.27(.A)C .27 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the name used to start) -2.5 F .277(it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 384 R -.15(Fo)5.277 G 2.777(re).15 G(xample,)-2.927 E F1(%ce)2.777 E -F0 .277(refers to a stopped)2.777 F F1(ce)2.777 E F0(job)2.777 E 5.277 +108 460.8 R -.15(Fo)5.277 G 2.777(re).15 G(xample,)-2.927 E F3(%ce)2.777 +E F0 .277(refers to a stopped)2.777 F F3(ce)2.777 E F0(job)2.777 E 5.277 (.I)-.4 G 2.777(fa)-5.277 G .38(pre\214x matches more than one job,)108 -396 R F1(bash)2.88 E F0 .38(reports an error)2.88 F 5.38(.U)-.55 G(sing) --5.38 E F1(%?ce)2.88 E F0 2.88(,o)C 2.88(nt)-2.88 G .38 +472.8 R F3(bash)2.88 E F0 .38(reports an error)2.88 F 5.38(.U)-.55 G +(sing)-5.38 E F3(%?ce)2.88 E F0 2.88(,o)C 2.88(nt)-2.88 G .38 (he other hand, refers to an)-2.88 F 2.88(yj)-.15 G(ob)-2.88 E .623 -(containing the string)108 408 R F1(ce)3.123 E F0 .622 +(containing the string)108 484.8 R F3(ce)3.123 E F0 .622 (in its command line.)3.123 F .622 -(If the substring matches more than one job,)5.622 F F1(bash)3.122 E F0 -.622(reports an)3.122 F(error)108 420 Q 5.143(.T)-.55 G .143(he symbols) --5.143 F F1(%%)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F1(%+)2.643 E F0 .143 +(If the substring matches more than one job,)5.622 F F3(bash)3.122 E F0 +.622(reports an)3.122 F(error)108 496.8 Q 5.143(.T)-.55 G .143 +(he symbols)-5.143 F F3(%%)2.643 E F0(and)2.643 E F3(%+)2.643 E F0 .143 (refer to the shell')2.643 F 2.643(sn)-.55 G .143(otion of the)-2.643 F F2(curr)2.643 E .143(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.643(,w).23 G .143 -(hich is the last job stopped)-2.643 F 1.209(while it w)108 432 R 1.209 -(as in the fore)-.1 F 1.208(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)6.208 E F2(pr)4.958 E -.15(ev)-.37 G 1.208(ious job).15 F F0 1.208 -(may be referenced using)3.938 F F1<25ad>108 444 Q F0 5.486(.I)C 2.986 -(no)-5.486 G .486(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the) --2.986 F F1(jobs)2.987 E F0 .487(command\), the current job is al)2.987 -F -.1(wa)-.1 G .487(ys \215agged).1 F .15(with a)108 456 R F1(+)2.65 E -F0 2.65(,a)C .15(nd the pre)-2.65 F .15(vious job with a)-.25 F F1 -2.65 E F0 5.15(.A)C .15(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .15 +(hich is the last job stopped)-2.643 F 1.209(while it w)108 508.8 R +1.209(as in the fore)-.1 F 1.208(ground or started in the background.) +-.15 F(The)6.208 E F2(pr)4.958 E -.15(ev)-.37 G 1.208(ious job).15 F F0 +1.208(may be referenced using)3.938 F F3<25ad>108 520.8 Q F0 5.486(.I)C +2.986(no)-5.486 G .486 +(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.986 F F3(jobs) +2.987 E F0 .487(command\), the current job is al)2.987 F -.1(wa)-.1 G +.487(ys \215agged).1 F .15(with a)108 532.8 R F3(+)2.65 E F0 2.65(,a)C +.15(nd the pre)-2.65 F .15(vious job with a)-.25 F F32.65 E F0 5.15 +(.A)C .15(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .15 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to)-.15 F(the current job)108 -468 Q(.)-.4 E .443 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 484.8 R -(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C +544.8 Q(.)-.4 E .443 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 561.6 R +(ground:)-.15 E F3(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) +-.15 F F3 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C (ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -496.8 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 +573.6 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F3 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 (%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F -(equi)108 508.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 525.6 R +(equi)108 585.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 602.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) -5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 +5.131 E(,)-.65 E F3(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 (its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 537.6 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 614.4 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G .158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 -(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F12.657 E F0 .157 -(option to)2.657 F(the)108 549.6 Q F1(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G -1.451(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452 +(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F32.657 E F0 .157 +(option to)2.657 F(the)108 626.4 Q F3(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G +1.451(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F3(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452 (reports such changes immediately)3.951 F 6.452(.A)-.65 G 1.752 -.15 -(ny t)-6.452 H 1.452(rap on).15 F F3(SIGCHLD)3.952 E F0(is)3.702 E -.15 -(exe)108 561.6 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .033 -(If an attempt to e)108 578.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1(bash)2.533 E F0 .033 +(ny t)-6.452 H 1.452(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)3.952 E F0(is)3.702 E -.15 +(exe)108 638.4 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .033 +(If an attempt to e)108 655.2 R(xit)-.15 E F3(bash)2.533 E F0 .033 (is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft) --2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 -(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 590.4 R F1 +-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F3(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 +(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 667.2 R F3 (shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 (iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F3(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 (option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -602.4 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 +679.2 R(The)5.459 E F3(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 (command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) -5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 614.4 R .604 +5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 691.2 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 626.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F5 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 643.2 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 -655.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 -E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary 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Q F0 -(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1(\\#)144 336 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144 348 Q F0 -(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E F1 -(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 360 Q F2(nnn)A -F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F2(nnn)2.5 E -F1(\\\\)144 372 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 384 Q F0 +-2.5 E F2(\\w)144 384 Q F0(the current w)26 E(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5 +(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.5 E(viated with a tilde) +-.25 E F2(\\W)144 396 Q F0(the basename of the current w)23.22 E +(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0 +(abbre)2.5 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F2(\\!)144 408 Q F0 +(the history number of this command)29.89 E F2(\\#)144 420 Q F0 +(the command number of this command)28.22 E F2(\\$)144 432 Q F0 +(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E F2 +(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F2($)2.5 E(\\)144 444 Q F4(nnn)A +F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F4(nnn)2.5 E +F2(\\\\)144 456 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F2(\\[)144 468 Q F0 (be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which coul\ d be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt) -180 396 Q F1(\\])144 408 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) +180 480 Q F2(\\])144 492 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) 29.89 E .119(The command number and the history number are usually dif) -108 424.8 R .12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F +108 508.8 R .12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(position in the history list, which may include commands restored\ - from the history \214le \(see)108 436.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST) -4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)108 448.8 Q .541(w\), while the co\ -mmand number is the position in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .541(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546 -(rent shell session.)108 460.8 R .546 -(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 + from the history \214le \(see)108 520.8 R F3(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) +-.315 E F0(belo)108 532.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the p\ +osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 544.8 R +.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 472.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F --.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 +.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 556.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F2 (pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 484.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E +F(description of the)108 568.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 501.6 Q F0 .151 +-.25 E F1(READLINE)72 585.6 Q F0 .151 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 513.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E .066(is gi)108 525.6 R -.15 +108 597.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F2 +(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E .066(is gi)108 609.6 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.566(na).15 G 2.566(ts)-2.566 G .066(hell in)-2.566 F -.2 (vo)-.4 G 2.566(cation. By).2 F(def)2.566 E .066 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.)-.1 F -2.567(Av)5.067 G(i-style)-2.567 E .566(line editing interf)108 537.6 R +2.567(Av)5.067 G(i-style)-2.567 E .566(line editing interf)108 621.6 R .566(ace is also a)-.1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.065(ilable. T).25 F 3.065(ot) -.8 G .565(urn of)-3.065 F 3.065(fl)-.25 G .565 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.065 F F1 .565 -(+o emacs)3.065 F F0(or)108 549.6 Q F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL) --.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline Notation)87 566.4 Q F0 .567 -(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k)108 578.4 +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.065 F F2 .565 +(+o emacs)3.065 F F0(or)108 633.6 Q F2(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 +E F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL) +-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(Readline Notation)87 650.4 Q F0 .567 +(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k)108 662.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.068(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)3.068 G .568 -(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.153 -(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 590.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,)-.65 E -F2(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F -F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 602.4 S .83 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F2(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F2(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 +(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.153 +(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 674.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,)-.65 E +F4(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F +F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 686.4 S .83 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H.65 E F4(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F4(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 (,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 -(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H -.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 614.4 R F2 .6(meta pr)3.1 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F2(x)A F0 -.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H +.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 698.4 R F4 .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F4(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) -3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 626.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 643.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 -(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) -108 655.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hile pressing the).15 E F4(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 727.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(31)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 32 32 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E(ho)108 84 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119 +(ti).4 G 3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 667.2 R 1.018 -(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 679.2 Q +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 96 R 1.018 +(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255line)3.518 E +F0 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 108 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 696 R F2 -(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 124.8 R/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 +F .811(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 (or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F2 -(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 708 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F -.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F2 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 136.8 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F2 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 720 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 -(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 -(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(31)185.115 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 32 32 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(ring.)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Initialization)87 -100.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is customized by putting commands in an initia\ -lization \214le \(the)108 112.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.591 E -(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092(name of this \214le)2.591 -F .197(is tak)108 124.8 R .196(en from the v)-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 -F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696 -(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196(ariable is unset, the def) --.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)2.696 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 -G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which uses the readline library sta\ -rts up, the initialization \214le is read, and the k)108 136.8 R 1.335 --.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25(va)108 148.8 S 1.15 -(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe)6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G -1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 148.8 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F +.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 +(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) +108 160.8 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 177.6 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\ +ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 +189.6 R F2(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 201.6 R .196(en from the v) +-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 +-.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)2.696 +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ +nd the k)108 213.6 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 225.6 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) +6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 (wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 -(lines are ignored.)108 160.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +(lines are ignored.)108 237.6 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 (ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 (Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 -(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 172.8 R +(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 249.6 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 189.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 266.4 R .987(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 201.6 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 218.4 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 235.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 247.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 271.2 -Q F2(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 278.4 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 295.2 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 324 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 336 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 348 Q F2 +(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G (\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2 (univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo) -108 288 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F2 --.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2(ESC) -3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0(,).73 -E F2(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 300 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.5 E -F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F2 --.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 316.8 R .209(ws k)-.25 +108 364.8 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F +F2 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2 +(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0 +(,).73 E F2(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 376.8 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2 +(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G +(nd)-2.5 E F2 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 393.6 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 328.8 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 -(Readline K)87 345.6 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 357.6 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 405.6 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F1 +(Readline K)87 422.4 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 434.4 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 (indings in the).15 F F2(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .383(command or the te)108 369.6 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) +5.366 F .383(command or the te)108 446.4 R .383(xt of a macro and a k) -.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383 (equence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-).15 F .853 -(\214ed in one of tw)108 381.6 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 +(\214ed in one of tw)108 458.4 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 (ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 (ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F2(Contr) 3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 393.6 Q 1.542(When using the form)108 410.4 R F1 +(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 470.4 Q 1.542(When using the form)108 487.2 R F1 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042 E F2(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542 (is the name of a k)4.222 F 1.841 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.541(pelled out in) -.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 422.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E -(Control-u: uni)144 446.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 -E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 458.4 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 470.4 Q .698(In the abo)108 487.2 R .998 -.15 +.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 499.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E +(Control-u: uni)144 523.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 +E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 535.2 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 547.2 Q .698(In the abo)108 564 R .998 -.15 (ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 (is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 499.2 Q F1 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2 -(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 576 Q F1(backward\255kill\255w) +2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258 +(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -511.2 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 528 R F1("k)2.555 E -(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F2(macr) +588 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 604.8 R F1("k)2.555 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F2(macr) 2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 (fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 (ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 540 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence may\ - be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 552 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385 -(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 +(denoting an entire k)108 616.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F +(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 628.8 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 (xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 564 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 588 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 600 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 612 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 628.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) +(are not recognized.)108 640.8 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 664.8 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 676.8 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 688.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 +(In this e)108 705.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) 3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 640.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 717.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G .18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F4 -(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 657.6 Q F1 -<5c43ad>144 669.6 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F1<5c4dad>144 681.6 Q F0 -(meta pre\214x)18.08 E F1(\\e)144 693.6 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E -F1(\\\\)144 705.6 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\")144 717.6 Q F0 -(literal ")27.67 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(32) -185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5) +138.465 E(32)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<5c08>144 84 Q F0(literal \010)30.44 E(In a\ -ddition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backsl\ -ash escapes is a)108 100.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(\\a)144 -112.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 124.8 Q F0(backspace)27.66 -E F1(\\d)144 136.8 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F1(\\f)144 148.8 Q F0(form feed) -29.89 E F1(\\n)144 160.8 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 172.8 Q -F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 184.8 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E -F1(\\v)144 196.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 208.8 Q -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 -E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 220.8 Q F2(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)108 -237.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\ -dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 249.6 R .09 -(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body) -5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F --.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 261.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. 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It) +144 669.6 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It) 3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56 (ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 -609.6 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ -qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 621.6 S .237 +681.6 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ +qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 693.6 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 633.6 Q F1(con)108 -645.6 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 657.6 -R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 --.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 -(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 669.6 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 -F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 681.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(disable\255completion \(Off\)) -108 693.6 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 705.6 R F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C -.038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 -(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 717.6 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E -F0(.)A(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(33)185.115 E 0 -Cg EP +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 705.6 Q +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(33)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .253 -(Controls whether readline be)144 96 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(emacs)2.752 E F0(or)2.752 E F2(vi)2.752 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) -5.252 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(enable\255k)108 120 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 -(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(con)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G +(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.112 E F0 +3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 +(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 +(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) +144 108 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +.541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 120 Q F0(\).)A F1 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 132 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 144 R F1 +(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 +(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) +144 156 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 168 Q F0 .253 +(Controls whether readline be)144 180 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F2(emacs)2.752 E F0 +(or)2.752 E F2(vi)2.752 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.252 E F0 +(can be set to either)144 192 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(enable\255k)108 204 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892(When set to) +144 216 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 144 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 156 Q F0(If set to)144 168 Q +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 228 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 240 Q F0(If set to)144 252 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E (xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)-.15 E(ord completion.) --.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 180 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1(ve)-.1 G -(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.493(If set to)144 192 R F1(on)3.993 E F0 +-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 264 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1(ve)-.1 G +(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.493(If set to)144 276 R F1(on)3.993 E F0 3.993(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at the same lo\ -cation on each history line)-3.993 F(retrie)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +cation on each history line)-3.993 F(retrie)144 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0 -(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(horizontal\255scr)108 216 Q -(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448(When set to)144 228 R F1(On)2.948 E +(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(horizontal\255scr)108 300 Q +(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448(When set to)144 312 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 (es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 240 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 252 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 264 -Q F0 .227(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \ + ne)144 324 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 336 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 348 +Q F0 .227(If set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \ will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\ -rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 288 R -.05 +rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 372 R -.05 (ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F .956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F -(synon)144 300 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 312 Q +(synon)144 384 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 396 Q (ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\ -thout subsequently e)144 324 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935 -(ing the character as a command.)144 336 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 +thout subsequently e)144 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935 +(ing the character as a command.)144 420 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 (ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 -(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 348 Q F2 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 432 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 360 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 372 +108 444 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 456 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 (alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 (emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 384 R F0 2.568(,a)C +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 468 R F0 2.568(,a)C (nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 (is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 396 R -.25(va)-.25 +2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 480 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 408 Q(fects the def)-.25 -E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 420 Q -(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 432 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 492 Q(fects the def)-.25 +E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 504 Q +(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 516 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 444 Q F0(If set to)144 -456 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 528 Q F0(If set to)144 +540 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 468 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 480 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 552 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 564 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 492 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 576 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 504 Q F0 .192(This v)144 516 R +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 588 Q F0 .192(This v)144 600 R .192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 (auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 (gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E 1.024 (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion, unless the leading `.) -144 528 R 3.523('i)-.7 G 3.523(ss)-3.523 G 1.023 -(upplied by the user in the)-3.523 F(\214lename to be completed.)144 540 -Q F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 552 Q F0 .506(If set to)144 564 R F1(On) +144 612 R 3.523('i)-.7 G 3.523(ss)-3.523 G 1.023 +(upplied by the user in the)-3.523 F(\214lename to be completed.)144 624 +Q F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 636 Q F0 .506(If set to)144 648 R F1(On) 3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will display characters with the eig\ -hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 576 Q -(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 588 Q F0 -.809(If set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808 +hth bit set directly rather than as a meta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 660 Q +(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 672 Q F0 +.809(If set to)144 684 R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808 (eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-) --3.308 F(tions at a time.)144 612 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 624 Q F0 1.318 -(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 -F(order)144 648 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1(sho)108 660 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .478 -(This alters the def)144 672 R .478(ault beha)-.1 F .478 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .477(If set to)5.477 F F1(on) -2.977 E F0 2.977(,w)C .477(ords which ha)-3.077 F .777 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 684 R(bell.)144 696 Q -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(34)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +-3.308 F(tions at a time.)144 696 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 December 5)138.465 E(34)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sho)108 84 Q -(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 -(This alters the def)144 96 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 1.318 +(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will disp\ +lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 +F(order)144 108 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F1(sho)108 120 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .478 +(This alters the def)144 132 R .478(ault beha)-.1 F .478 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .477(If set to)5.477 F F1(on) +2.977 E F0 2.977(,w)C .477(ords which ha)-3.077 F .777 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 144 R(bell.)144 156 Q F1 +(sho)108 168 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 180 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 (vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 108 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.922(.I)C +-.1 F F1(sho)144 192 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.922(.I)C 4.422(fs)-6.922 G 1.922(et to)-4.422 F F1(on)4.422 E F0 4.422(,w)C 1.922 (ords which ha)-4.522 F 2.223 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.923 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 120 R 3.54 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 204 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 (ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F 3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ -es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 132 Q F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 156 R F1(On) +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 216 Q F1 +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 228 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 240 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 (st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 168 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 184.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 196.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +(when listing possible completions.)144 252 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 268.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 280.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 208.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(which allo)108 292.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 (ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 220.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 237.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.963 E +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 321.6 Q F0(The)24.89 E F1($if)2.963 E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on the\ editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .477 -(or the application using readline.)144 249.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 +(or the application using readline.)144 333.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F -(are required to isolate it.)144 261.6 Q F1(mode)144 278.4 Q F0(The) +(are required to isolate it.)144 345.6 Q F1(mode)144 362.4 Q F0(The) 12.67 E F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 -(mode. This)180 290.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F +(mode. This)180 374.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) -3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 302.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E +3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 386.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E (d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 -(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 314.4 -Q F1(term)144 331.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 +(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 398.4 +Q F1(term)144 415.2 Q F0(The)15.46 E F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 343.2 R +(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 427.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 355.2 Q F1(=)3.231 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 439.2 Q F1(=)3.231 E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst the both full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -367.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +451.2 Q F12.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 384 Q F0(The)180 396 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 468 Q F0(The)180 480 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -408 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +492 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 420 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F +180 504 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F .801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 432 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +.396(ci\214c program.)180 516 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 444 Q -(vious w)-.25 E(ord in Bash:)-.1 E F1($if)180 468 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 -(#Q)180 480 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 492 Q F1($endif)180 504 Q($endif)108 -520.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)9.33 E(vious e)-.25 E +(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 528 Q +(vious w)-.25 E(ord in Bash:)-.1 E F1($if)180 552 Q F0(Bash)2.5 E 2.5 +(#Q)180 564 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 576 Q F1($endif)180 588 Q($endif)108 +604.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)9.33 E(vious e)-.25 E (xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1($else) -108 537.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 +108 621.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)15.45 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 (directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 554.4 Q F0 .357 -(This directi)144 566.4 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 +(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 638.4 Q F0 .357 +(This directi)144 650.4 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 (es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 578.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +144 662.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 602.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 619.2 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 631.2 R .834 +($include)144 686.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 703.2 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 715.2 R .834 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 643.2 Q +.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 727.2 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 660 R .698 +E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(35)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 36 36 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .698(Incremental searches be)108 84 R .698 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 672 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 96 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 684 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 108 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 (haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.541 (.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) -108 696 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +108 120 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(isear)2.724 E +(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 708 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 132 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 720 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ +F .096(mental search.)108 144 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ l search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097(When the search is) -5.097 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(35)185.115 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 36 36 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(terminated, the history entry containing the search string becom\ -es the current line.)108 84 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 100.8 T 1.339(nd ot\ -her matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R a\ -s appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674(search backw)108 112.8 -R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 124.8 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .174 +5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\ +mes the current line.)108 156 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 172.8 T 1.339(nd \ +other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R\ + as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674(search backw)108 +184.8 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F +.675(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E +5.675(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 196.8 R .475 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 136.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 +.54(instance, a)108 208.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.) -108 148.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.) -108 165.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 +108 220.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.) +108 237.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 (ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 177.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 249.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 194.4 R(The searc\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 266.4 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 206.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 -223.2 Q F0 1.392(The follo)108 235.2 R 1.391 +rent line.)108 278.4 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 295.2 Q F0 1.392 +(The follo)108 307.2 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 247.2 R .121 +3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 319.2 R .121 (names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 259.2 Q F1(point)3.411 -E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F1(mark) +(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 331.2 Q F2(point)3.411 +E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark) 3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 -(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F2(set\255mark)108 271.2 Q F0 2.5 +(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 343.2 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 288 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E -(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 300 Q F0(Mo)144 312 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 324 Q F0(Mo)144 336 Q .3 -.15(ve t) --.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 348 S -(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 360 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 -372 Q F0(Mo)144 384 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E -F2 -.25(fo)108 396 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 408 +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 360 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E +(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 372 Q F0(Mo)144 384 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 396 Q F0(Mo)144 408 Q .3 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 420 S +(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 432 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 +444 Q F0(Mo)144 456 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E +F1 -.25(fo)108 468 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 480 Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 (ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 420 Q F2(backward\255w)108 432 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) --.1 E F0(Mo)144 444 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ters and digits\).)144 492 Q F1(backward\255w)108 504 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 516 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 456 Q F2(clear\255scr)108 468 Q -(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993(Clear the screen lea)144 480 R .993 +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 528 Q F1(clear\255scr)108 540 Q +(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993(Clear the screen lea)144 552 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 492 Q F2 -.18(re)108 504 +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 564 Q F1 -.18(re)108 576 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 -516 Q F2(Commands f)87 532.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 544.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 -(Accept the line re)144 556.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 +588 Q F1(Commands f)87 604.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 616.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 +(Accept the line re)144 628.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) 5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 -(according to the state of the)144 568.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(according to the state of the)144 640.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 580.8 Q F2(pr)108 -592.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 604.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F2(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 616.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 628.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 -E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F2 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 640.8 Q F0(Mo)144 652.8 Q .3 --.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F2(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 664.8 Q F0(Mo)144 676.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F2 -2.29 -.18 -(re v)108 688.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.471(Search backw)144 700.8 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 -(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 712.8 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2007 September 14)135.125 E(36)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 652.8 Q F1(pr)108 +664.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 676.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 688.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 700.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 December 5)138.465 E(36)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255sear).25 E -(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131(Search forw)144 96 R 1.131 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F -1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 108 Q F1(non\255incr)108 120 Q -(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E -(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)144 132 R .164(ar\ +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 +84 Q F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G +(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1 +(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 108 Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G +(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 +132 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 +(Search backw)144 144 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +(This is an incremental search.)144 156 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 168 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 +(Search forw)144 180 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 +F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 +F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 192 Q F1(non\255incr)108 +204 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E +(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)144 216 R .164(ar\ d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ -tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 144 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E -(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 156 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) --.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 168 R +tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 228 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E +(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 240 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) +-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 252 R 1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ -ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 180 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 -192 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 204 R .249(a\ +ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 264 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 +276 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 288 R .249(a\ rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ -f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 216 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 228 Q -(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 240 R .951(ard through t\ +f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 300 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 312 Q +(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 324 R .951(ard through t\ he history for the string of characters between the start of the curren\ -t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 252 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) -5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 264 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 -.622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 276 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 +t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 336 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) +5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 348 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 +.622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 360 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 288 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794 +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 372 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794 (th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 (,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 (ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 300 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 384 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 (ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 312 R .281(vious command.) +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 396 R .281(vious command.) -.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 (is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 324 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 336 Q +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 408 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 420 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 348 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 432 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 (vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 360 S .735(th an ar).4 F .735 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 444 S .735(th an ar).4 F .735 (gument, beha)-.18 F 1.035 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .735(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)3.235 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.736(.S)C(uccessi)-5.736 E 1.036 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .736(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)3.236 E (g)-.1 E F0(mo)3.236 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .728 -(back through the history list, inserting the last ar)144 372 R .728 +(back through the history list, inserting the last ar)144 456 R .728 (gument of each line in turn.)-.18 F .728(The history e)5.728 F(xpan-) --.15 E .14(sion f)144 384 R .14(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .14 +-.15 E .14(sion f)144 468 R .14(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .14 (xtract the last ar)-.15 F .14(gument, as if the "!$" history e)-.18 F -.14(xpansion had been speci-)-.15 F(\214ed.)144 396 Q F1 -(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 408 Q F0 .623 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 420 R .622 +.14(xpansion had been speci-)-.15 F(\214ed.)144 480 Q F1 +(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 492 Q F0 .623 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 504 R .622 (This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 432 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 516 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 444 Q F0 .938 -(Perform history e)144 456 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 528 Q F0 .938 +(Perform history e)144 540 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 468 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 480 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 492 R 1.627 +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 552 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 564 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 576 R 1.627 (xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 (HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 504 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 516 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 528 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(belo)144 588 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 600 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 612 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 540 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 552 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 564 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 576 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 588 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 624 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 636 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 648 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 660 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 672 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 600 Q F0 .948 -(Accept the current line for e)144 612 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 684 Q F0 .948 +(Accept the current line for e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 (cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 (ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F -(history for editing.)144 624 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(ument is ignored.).18 E F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 636 Q F0(In)144 -648 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 -(ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 -(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 660 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($FCEDIT)2.6 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2 -(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G -(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 676.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E -(ext)-.92 E(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 688.8 Q F0 .358 -(Delete the character at point.)144 700.8 R .358(If point is at the be) -5.358 F .358(ginning of the line, there are no characters in the)-.15 F -(line, and the last character typed w)144 712.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E -F1(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)-2.5 E F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.) -A F0(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(37)185.115 E 0 Cg -EP +(history for editing.)144 708 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(ument is ignored.).18 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E +(37)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 -84 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 96 R 5.553(.W) --.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 -(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 108 Q F1 -.25 -(fo)108 120 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 132 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 84 Q F0(In)144 +96 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +(ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 +(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 +(attempts to in)144 108 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +($FCEDIT)2.6 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F3 +(,)A F0(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor) +2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +(Commands f)87 124.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 136.8 Q F0 .358 +(Delete the character at point.)144 148.8 R .358(If point is at the be) +5.358 F .358(ginning of the line, there are no characters in the)-.15 F +(line, and the last character typed w)144 160.8 Q(as not bound to)-.1 E +F1(delete\255char)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(hen return)-2.5 E F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.) +A F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 172.8 Q F0 .552 +(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 184.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553 +(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F +.553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553(he deleted te).15 F +.553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 196.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 208.8 S +(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 220.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 144 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 156 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 -168 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This) --.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779 -(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279(,f)C -(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 180 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T) -108 192 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 204 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 216 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 228 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 240 Q F0 .322(Drag the character before point forw)144 252 R .321 -(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321(ving point forw)-.15 F .321 -(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 264 -R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 276 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 --.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 288 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 -300 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 232.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 244.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 +256.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 +(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 268.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 280.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 292.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 304.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 316.8 Q F1 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 328.8 Q F0 .322 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 340.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 +352.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 364.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E +.3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 +(transpose\255w)108 376.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 +388.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) -.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) -2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 312 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 324 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 336 -R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 348 S(rd, b).1 E -(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 360 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 372 Q 1.648 +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 400.8 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 412.8 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 +424.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 436.8 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 448.8 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 460.8 Q 1.648 (wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 396 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 408 -R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 420 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 432 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 444 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 472.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 484.8 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 +496.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 508.8 S(rd, b) +.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 +520.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 532.8 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 (xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 456 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 -(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) --.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 468 Q F1 -(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G -1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G -(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 -480 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 -(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 -(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 492 R .958 -(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 -(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 -F(before point with a space.)144 504 Q(By def)5 E -(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 520.8 Q -(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 532.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 -544.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 556.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 568.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 580.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 592.8 +(Wi)144 544.8 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 556.8 Q F1(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi) +4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) +4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968 +(mode. In)144 568.8 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468 +(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 +1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958 +(pushing the te)144 580.8 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957 +(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 +.957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 592.8 +Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 +609.6 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 621.6 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 633.6 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 645.6 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 657.6 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 669.6 Q F0(Kill backw)144 681.6 Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 604.8 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 693.6 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -616.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 640.8 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 652.8 S -(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 664.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 676.8 Q(ord behind point.) --.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 688.8 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 700.8 R .365 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(38)185.115 E 0 +705.6 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(38)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 84 Q F0 -.166(Kill the w)144 96 R .166 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 +.728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .729 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S +(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 120 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 132 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 +E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 144 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 156 R .365 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 +168 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 180 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 +192 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 108 Q +-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 204 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 120 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 132 Q F1(kill\255r)108 144 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 156 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 168 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) -144 180 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 216 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 228 Q F1(kill\255r)108 240 +Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 252 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E +(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 264 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) +144 276 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 192 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 204 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 288 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 300 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 216 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 228 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 -(Cop)144 240 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 312 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 324 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 +(Cop)144 336 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 -(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 252 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 264 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 276 S +(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 348 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(yank \(C\255y\))108 360 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 372 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 288 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 300 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 384 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 396 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 316.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 328.8 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 412.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 424.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 340.8 R .641 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 436.8 R .641 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18 (rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-) --.15 E(ati)144 352.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 -(uni)108 364.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778 -(This is another w)144 376.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 +-.15 E(ati)144 448.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1 +(uni)108 460.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778 +(This is another w)144 472.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279 (gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -388.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -400.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +484.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +496.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 412.8 R .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 508.8 R .898 (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243 -(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 424.8 R .243 +(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 520.8 R .243 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 436.8 Q .378 +-.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 532.8 Q .378 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F -.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 448.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) +.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 544.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak) -2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1 -(Completing)87 465.6 Q(complete \(T)108 477.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 489.6 R 1.137 +(Completing)87 561.6 Q(complete \(T)108 573.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 585.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 501.6 Q .533(xt as a v) +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 597.6 Q .533(xt as a v) -.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) -.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F .532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 513.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 +144 609.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 525.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 537.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 549.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 561.6 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 573.6 R .783 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 621.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 633.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 645.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 657.6 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 669.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 -585.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 597.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 -609.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +681.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 693.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 +705.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.194(possible completions.)144 621.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 +1.194(possible completions.)144 717.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 (steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 633.6 R .828 -(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 645.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 -3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F -.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 657.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 -(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 669.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) -5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E -(ault.)-.1 E F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 681.6 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 693.6 R -.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 705.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 -(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 -(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 717.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(39)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 729.6 R .828 +(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(39)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 84 Q -F0(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 96 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 108 Q -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 120 Q +-.35 E .727(\(subject to the setting of)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F +.727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2 +(n)3.227 E F0 1.73(positions forw)144 96 R 1.73 +(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 +-.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 +-.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 108 Q +(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 +2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 120 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 132 R .234 +(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 +E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 144 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) +2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 +156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 168 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 180 Q(xt before point.)-.15 +E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 192 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 204 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 132 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 144 Q +(complete\255user)108 216 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 228 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 156 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q +108 240 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -180 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 192 Q +264 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 204 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 216 Q +(possible\255v)108 288 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 228 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 240 Q +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 312 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 252 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 264 Q +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 336 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 276 Q F0 .581 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 288 R .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 360 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 372 R .581 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 300 R +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 384 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 312 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 396 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 324 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 336 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 408 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 348 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 360 R .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 432 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 R .425 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 372 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 384 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +(for possible completion matches.)144 456 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 468 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 396 R(the list is a)144 408 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +in braces so)144 480 R(the list is a)144 492 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 424.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 436.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 448.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 508.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 520.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 532.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 460.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 472.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 544.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 556.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 484.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 496.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 568.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 580.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ -ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 508.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 525.6 Q -.18(re)108 537.6 S.18 E +ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 592.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 +(Miscellaneous)87 609.6 Q -.18(re)108 621.6 S.18 E (ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 -(Read in the contents of the)144 549.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb) --.15 G 1.777(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F -(found there.)144 561.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 573.6 Q F0 3.249 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 585.6 R +(Read in the contents of the)144 633.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 +(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +645.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 657.6 Q F0 3.249 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 669.6 R 5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 597.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 609.6 Q +(bell\255style)144 681.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 693.6 Q (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 621.6 R F2(x) +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 705.6 R F2(x) 4.255 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.255 F 1.756 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F -(uppercase character)144 633.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 645.6 Q -(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 657.6 Q -(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 -(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 669.6 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 681.6 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 693.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 705.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 -F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E -F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2007 September 14)135.125 E(40)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(uppercase character)144 717.6 Q(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 December 5)138.465 E(40)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 84 Q F0 -(Perform tilde e)144 96 Q(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 108 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 120 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pr)108 84 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E +F0(Metafy the ne)144 96 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 +(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 108 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 120 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 132 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 144 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F +3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E +F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F +(return the line to its initial state.)144 156 Q F1 +(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 168 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 180 Q +(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255\))108 192 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 204 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 132 Q F0(Sw)144 -144 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 216 Q F0(Sw)144 +228 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) -144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 180 S +144 240 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 252 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 264 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 (xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 192 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 204 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 216 S 1.043 +144 276 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 288 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 300 S 1.043 (haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 228 Q F1 -(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 240 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 252 S .481 +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 312 Q F1 +(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 324 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 336 S .481 (thout a numeric ar).4 F .481(gument, the v)-.18 F .481 (alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va) -2.981 G .48(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 264 Q .097 +2.981 G .48(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 348 Q .097 (ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.097 F .098 (gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.098 E -.322(the characters at the be)144 276 R .321 +.322(the characters at the be)144 360 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 (comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F 1.013(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 288 R F1 +-.25 F 1.013(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 372 R F1 (comment-begin)3.514 E F0 1.014(are deleted from the be)3.514 F 1.014 (ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 300 R 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 384 R 1.468 (wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 312 Q F0 .839 +1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 396 Q F0 .839 (causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 (he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 324 Q -.15 +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 408 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 336 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 348 R .791 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 420 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 432 R .791 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 360 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 444 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\ -ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 372 Q -(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .371(The w)144 384 R .372 +ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 456 Q +(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .371(The w)144 468 R .372 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .372 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 396 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 480 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 408 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 420 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 432 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 492 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 504 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 516 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 444 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 528 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 456 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 468 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 480 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +(ex)144 540 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 552 Q F0 .626 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 564 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) 5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 492 Q -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 504 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 516 R 1.799 +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 576 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 588 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 600 R 1.799 (ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 528 R .304 +-.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 612 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 540 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 552 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 564 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F3(inputr)144 624 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 636 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 +(Print all of the readline k)144 648 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 (equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 576 Q +3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 660 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 588 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 600 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 612 Q +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F3(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 672 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 684 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 696 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 628.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 -640.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 -(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 652.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 +F0(.)A(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(41)188.455 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 42 42 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)87 84 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 +.147(When w)108 96 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F +.147(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 +F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(compspec)108 108 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 (as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 664.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 +-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 120 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .334 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 681.6 R .333 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 136.8 R .333 (If a compspec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is) 5.334 F .587 -(used to generate the list of possible completions for the w)108 693.6 R +(used to generate the list of possible completions for the w)108 148.8 R 3.087(ord. If)-.1 F .587(the command w)3.087 F .587 (ord is a full pathname, a)-.1 F 1.181 -(compspec for the full pathname is searched for \214rst.)108 705.6 R +(compspec for the full pathname is searched for \214rst.)108 160.8 R 1.18(If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an)6.181 F -(attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the portion follo)108 717.6 Q -(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14) -135.125 E(41)185.115 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 42 42 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the \ -list of matching w)108 84 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 -(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 96 Q(ault)-.1 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 112.8 R -.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 124.8 R .595 +(attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the portion follo)108 172.8 Q +(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it\ + is used to generate the list of matching w)108 189.6 R 3.317(ords. If) +-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 +201.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E +.464(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 218.4 +R .463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 230.4 R .595 (When the)5.595 F F13.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F13.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 136.8 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E -F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 153.6 Q 2.585(yc)-.15 -G .085(ompletions speci\214ed by a \214lename e)-2.585 F .085 +(shell v)108 242.4 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 +(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 259.2 Q 2.585(yc)-.15 G +.085(ompletions speci\214ed by a \214lename e)-2.585 F .085 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F12.585 E F0 .085 (option are generated ne)2.585 F 2.585(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)2.585 G -(rds).1 E .843(generated by the pattern need not match the w)108 165.6 R -.844(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.844 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.344 E F0 +(rds).1 E .843(generated by the pattern need not match the w)108 271.2 R +.844(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.844 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.344 E F0 .844(shell v)3.094 F .844(ariable is)-.25 F -(not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 177.6 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 194.4 Q -.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 -F F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 283.2 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 300 Q .321 +(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 F +F12.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 (The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -206.4 R F2(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +312 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F .413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 218.4 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(using brace e)108 324 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 -230.4 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -242.4 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 336 +R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396 +(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 348 Q +.51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 254.4 Q +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 360 Q (ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 271.2 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 376.8 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 (een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 (hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F13.738 E -F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 283.2 R -.2 +F0(and)3.738 E F13.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 388.8 R -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2 -(COMP_KEY)108 295.2 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 400.8 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 (va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 (alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 (Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -307.2 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -.986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 +412.8 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +.986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 (riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .608 -(the function or command is in)108 319.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608 +(the function or command is in)108 424.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608 (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608(gument is the name of the command whose ar) -.18 F .609(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108 -331.2 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073 +436.8 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073 (ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073(gument is the w)-.18 F -.072(ord pre-)-.1 F .607(ceding the w)108 343.2 R .607 +.072(ord pre-)-.1 F .607(ceding the w)108 448.8 R .607 (ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .608 -(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 355.2 Q .094 +(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 460.8 Q .094 (ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\ or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108 -367.2 Q(An)108 384 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +472.8 Q(An)108 489.6 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) -2.937 F F12.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 396 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og) -.65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 408 -Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 424.8 Q .08(xt, an) --.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1 -2.58 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 -G 2.581(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 501.6 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 +(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 +513.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 530.4 Q .08 +(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1 +2.58 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581 +(di).1 G 2.581(na)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081 (ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859 -(stitution. It)108 436.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\ +(stitution. It)108 542.4 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\ per line, to the standard output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used) -5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 448.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E -.376(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 465.6 R +5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 554.4 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E +.376(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 571.2 R 2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F12.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 477.6 R +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 583.2 R .682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 (xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 (in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 489.6 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(the w)108 595.2 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G (iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 501.6 R +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 607.2 R (An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 513.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 619.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(d.).15 E(Finally)108 530.4 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H -.586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1 -3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587 +(d.).15 E(Finally)108 636 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586 +(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1 +3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F13.087 E F0 .587 (options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\ the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \ -possible completions.)108 542.4 Q .247(If the pre)108 559.2 R .247 +possible completions.)108 648 Q .247(If the pre)108 664.8 R .247 (viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247 (atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247 -(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 571.2 Q F0 +(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 676.8 Q F0 (when the compspec w)2.5 E (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 -(If the)108 588 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 -F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +(If the)108 693.6 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) +2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 600 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 705.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G (atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 -(By def)108 616.8 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(By def)108 722.4 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F -.631(of possible completions.)108 628.8 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(42)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 43 43 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .631(of possible completions.)108 84 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault) +-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 640.8 R -.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 -(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 652.8 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 96 R .559 +(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 +F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 108 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 (e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 664.8 Q F0 1.207 +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F13.172 E(default)108 120 Q F0 1.207 (option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F 3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -676.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) -2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 693.6 R .633(tions force\ - readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 705.6 R 2.761(to the v)108 717.6 R 2.761 +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 132 +Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E +.245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ +d, the programmable completion func-)108 148.8 R .633(tions force readl\ +ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ +rectories, subject)108 160.8 R 2.761(to the v)108 172.8 R 2.761 (alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 (readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 729.6 -Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(42)185.115 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 43 43 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 84 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 -.372(When the)108 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .372(\255o history)2.872 F -F0 .372(option to the)2.872 F F2(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 184.8 +Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E/F2 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 201.6 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372 +(When the)108 213.6 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 +(option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 (iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .031 -(the list of commands pre)108 108 R .031(viously typed.)-.25 F .031 -(The v)5.031 F .031(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTSIZE)2.531 E F0 -.25(va) +(the list of commands pre)108 225.6 R .031(viously typed.)-.25 F .031 +(The v)5.031 F .031(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)2.531 E F0 -.25(va) 2.531 G .031(riable is used as the number of com-).25 F .43(mands to sa) -108 120 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43(istory list.)-2.93 F +108 237.6 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) -.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -132 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F4(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 144 S -4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +249.6 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F4(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 261.6 +S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F4(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 156 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .082 +(and)3.815 E F4(HISTCONTR)108 273.6 Q(OL)-.27 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 172.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +108 290.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 E F3(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -184.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F4(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +302.4 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F4(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .532 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 196.8 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F4 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 314.4 R .532(alue of)-.25 F F4 (HISTFILESIZE)3.032 E F5(.)A F0 .532 (When the history \214le is read, lines be)5.032 F .532 (ginning with the his-)-.15 F 1.159(tory comment character follo)108 -208.8 R 1.158(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps \ -for the preceding)-.25 F .052(history line.)108 220.8 R .053 +326.4 R 1.158(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps \ +for the preceding)-.25 F .052(history line.)108 338.4 R .053 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.052 F .053(alue of the)-.25 F F4(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.553 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va) -108 232.8 S 4.387(riable. When).25 F 1.887(an interacti)4.387 F 2.187 +108 350.4 S 4.387(riable. When).25 F 1.887(an interacti)4.387 F 2.187 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.887(hell e).15 F 1.887(xits, the last)-.15 F F4 ($HISTSIZE)4.387 E F0 1.887(lines are copied from the history list to) -4.137 F F4($HISTFILE)108 244.8 Q F5(.)A F0 .056(If the)4.556 F F2 +4.137 F F4($HISTFILE)108 362.4 Q F5(.)A F0 .056(If the)4.556 F F1 (histappend)2.556 E F0 .056 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.556 F F2(shopt)2.556 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.556 F F1(shopt)2.556 E F0(under)2.556 E F4 .056(SHELL B)2.556 F(UIL)-.09 E(TIN)-.828 E -(COMMANDS)108 256.8 Q F0(belo)2.672 E .422(w\), the lines are appended \ +(COMMANDS)108 374.4 Q F0(belo)2.672 E .422(w\), the lines are appended \ to the history \214le, otherwise the history \214le is o)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.921(rwritten. If).15 F F4(HISTFILE)108 268.8 Q F0 1.114(is uns\ +-.15 G 2.921(rwritten. If).15 F F4(HISTFILE)108 386.4 Q F0 1.114(is uns\ et, or if the history \214le is unwritable, the history is not sa)3.363 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.614(d. If).15 F(the)3.614 E F5 -.225(va)3.614 G 1.114 (riable is set, time).225 F 1.252 -(stamps are written to the history \214le, mark)108 280.8 R(ed)-.09 E F0 +(stamps are written to the history \214le, mark)108 398.4 R(ed)-.09 E F0 1.252(with the history comment character)3.502 F 3.751(,s)-.4 G 3.751 (ot)-3.751 G(he)-3.751 E 3.751(ym)-.15 G 1.251(ay be preserv)-3.751 F -(ed)-.15 E .105(across shell sessions.)108 292.8 R .105(This uses the h\ +(ed)-.15 E .105(across shell sessions.)108 410.4 R .105(This uses the h\ istory comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history) -5.105 F 2.605(lines. After)108 304.8 R(sa)2.605 E .105(ving the history) +5.105 F 2.605(lines. After)108 422.4 R(sa)2.605 E .105(ving the history) -.2 F 2.605(,t)-.65 G .104 (he history \214le is truncated to contain no more than)-2.605 F F4 (HISTFILESIZE)2.604 E F0 2.604(lines. If)2.354 F F4(HISTFILESIZE)108 -316.8 Q F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.293(The b) -108 333.6 R 1.293(uiltin command)-.2 F F2(fc)3.793 E F0(\(see)3.793 E F4 +434.4 Q F0(is not set, no truncation is performed.)2.25 E 1.293(The b) +108 451.2 R 1.293(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)3.793 E F0(\(see)3.793 E F4 1.293(SHELL B)3.793 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.293(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) 3.543 E 1.294(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-)-.25 F -.15(exe) -108 345.6 S .674(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E -F2(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 +108 463.2 S .674(cute a portion of the history list.).15 F(The)5.673 E +F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G .673 (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list).2 F .279 -(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 357.6 R .279 +(and manipulate the history \214le.)108 475.2 R .279 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.279 F -.25(va) --.2 G .28(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 369.6 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 386.4 -R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +-.2 G .28(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 487.2 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 504 R +1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) -3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F4(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 398.4 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F4(HISTIGNORE)108 516 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G .457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F2 -(cmdhist)108 410.4 Q F0 .75 +-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F1 +(cmdhist)108 528 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 422.4 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 540 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 434.4 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.577 E F0 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 552 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +.374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 446.4 R F2(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +(description of the)108 564 R F1(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F4 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 -(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -458.4 Q F1(HIST)72 475.2 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E -(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 487.2 R .611 +(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 576 +Q F2(HIST)72 592.8 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 +E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 604.8 R .611 (xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 -(describes what syntax features are a)108 499.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F1(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 +(describes what syntax features are a)108 616.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 (ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -2.014(can be disabled using the)108 511.2 R F2(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 -(option to the)4.514 F F2(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 +2.014(can be disabled using the)108 628.8 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +(option to the)4.514 F F1(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 (iltin command \(see).2 F F4 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 523.2 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 640.8 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 540 R 1.305 +(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 657.6 R 1.305 (xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 -(commands, insert the ar)108 552 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 +(commands, insert the ar)108 669.6 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 564 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 -580.8 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 592.8 S 3.2 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 681.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +698.4 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 710.4 S 3.2 (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 604.8 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 722.4 R 1.868(second is to select por\ tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 -(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 616.8 R F3 --.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F3(wor) -3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F3(modi\214er)108 628.8 -Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 +(The line)6.868 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(43) +188.455 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 44 44 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E .663(selected from the history is the)108 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F1(wor) +3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F1(modi\214er)108 96 Q +(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 (ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 (line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 640.8 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F3(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 +(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 108 R -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 (-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 -(one w)108 652.8 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 +(one w)108 120 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 (pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 664.8 Q -F2(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E -F2(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G(nd single quotes can quote the history e) --2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 681.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -.03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 132 Q/F2 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F +(backslash \()2.5 E F2(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 +E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 693.6 T +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 160.8 T 3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 (extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 705.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 722.4 Q -.15 +F0(will also inhibit e)108 172.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 189.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2007 September 14)135.125 E(43)185.115 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 44 44 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 1.258(If the)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histv)3.758 E(erify) --.1 E F0 1.259(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the) -3.758 F F1(shopt)3.759 E F0 -.2(bu)3.759 G 1.259(iltin\), and).2 F F1 --.18(re)3.759 G(adline).18 E F0 1.259(is being)3.759 F 1.498(used, hist\ -ory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 96 -R 6.497(.I)-.55 G 1.497(nstead, the e)-6.497 F 1.497(xpanded line is) --.15 F 2.228(reloaded into the)108 108 R F1 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E -F0 2.228(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228 -(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)7.228 E F1 -.18(re)4.728 G -(adline).18 E F0 2.228(is being used, and the)4.728 F F1(histr)108 120 Q -(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 -(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 132 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F13.66 E F0 1.16 -(option to the)3.66 F F1(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 144 S -.056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F12.556 E -F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F1(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G .055 -(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 156 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.258(If the)108 201.6 R F2 +(histv)3.758 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.259 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.758 F F2(shopt) +3.759 E F0 -.2(bu)3.759 G 1.259(iltin\), and).2 F F2 -.18(re)3.759 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.259(is being)3.759 F 1.498(used, history substitutio\ +ns are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 213.6 R 6.497(.I) +-.55 G 1.497(nstead, the e)-6.497 F 1.497(xpanded line is)-.15 F 2.228 +(reloaded into the)108 225.6 R F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228 +(editing b)4.728 F(uf)-.2 E 2.228(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F +(If)7.228 E F2 -.18(re)4.728 G(adline).18 E F0 2.228 +(is being used, and the)4.728 F F2(histr)108 237.6 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 +1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 249.6 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F23.66 E F0 1.16 +(option to the)3.66 F F2(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 261.6 +S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F22.556 +E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F2(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G +.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +(end of the history list without actually e)108 273.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 172.8 R 2.2 +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 290.4 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) -.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 -184.8 R F1(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 +302.4 R F2(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F2 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 196.8 Q F1 -(Ev)87 213.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 314.4 Q F2 +(Ev)87 331.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0(An e)108 343.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the history li\ -st.).15 E F1(!)108 242.4 Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e) -32.67 F 1.607(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank) -4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608 -(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 254.4 Q F1(extglob) -2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 266.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(Refer to command line)27.67 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108 278.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command line minus)21.97 E F2(n)2.5 E F0 -(.).24 E F1(!!)108 290.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.) --.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 302.4 Q F2 -(string)A F0(Refer to the most recent command starting with)9.33 E F2 -(string)2.5 E F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 314.4 Q F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.022 -(Refer to the most recent command containing)144 326.4 R F2(string)3.522 -E F0 6.022(.T).22 G 1.022(he trailing)-6.022 F F1(?)3.522 E F0 1.022 -(may be omitted if)3.522 F F2(string)3.861 E F0(is)3.741 E(follo)144 -338.4 Q(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 -SF(^)108 355.4 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 -2.629(Quick substitution.)144 362.4 R 2.629 -(Repeat the last command, replacing)7.629 F F2(string1)5.469 E F0(with) -5.129 E F2(string2)5.129 E F0 7.629(.E).02 G(qui)-7.629 E -.25(va)-.25 G -2.63(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 374.4 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A -F2(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 386.4 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)87 403.2 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 415.2 S 1.314 +st.).15 E F2(!)108 360 Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)32.67 +F 1.607(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E +F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 +F(\(when the)144 372 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 384 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to command line)27.67 E F1 +(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 396 Q F1(n)A F0 +(Refer to the current command line minus)21.97 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E +F2(!!)108 408 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.)-.25 E +(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 420 Q F1(string)A +F0(Refer to the most recent command starting with)9.33 E F1(string)2.5 E +F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 432 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.022 +(Refer to the most recent command containing)144 444 R F1(string)3.522 E +F0 6.022(.T).22 G 1.022(he trailing)-6.022 F F2(?)3.522 E F0 1.022 +(may be omitted if)3.522 F F1(string)3.861 E F0(is)3.741 E(follo)144 456 +Q(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^) +108 473 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 2.629 +(Quick substitution.)144 480 R 2.629(Repeat the last command, replacing) +7.629 F F1(string1)5.469 E F0(with)5.129 E F1(string2)5.129 E F0 7.629 +(.E).02 G(qui)-7.629 E -.25(va)-.25 G 2.63(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 492 +S(!!:s/).74 E F1(string1)A F0(/)A F1(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G +(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 504 +Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 +-.75(Wo)87 520.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 532.8 S 1.314 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 (separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 427.2 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +.529(from the w)108 544.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 -(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 -($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F13.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 439.2 R 1.301 +(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2 +($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F23.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) +-3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 +(are numbered from the be)108 556.8 R 1.301 (ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 (ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 451.2 Q -F1 2.5(0\()108 468 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 480 Q 2.5 -(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2 -(n)108.36 492 Q F0(The)30.64 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 -504 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E -(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 516 Q F0(The last ar)31 E(gument.)-.18 E F1(%)108 -528 Q F0(The w)26 E(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A -F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 540 Q F1A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G -(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E -(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 552 Q F0 .315 +(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 568.8 Q +F2 2.5(0\()108 585.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 597.6 Q +2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E +F1(n)108.36 609.6 Q F0(The)30.64 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F2(^) +108 621.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 +E(ord 1.)-.1 E F2($)108 633.6 Q F0(The last ar)31 E(gument.)-.18 E F2(%) +108 645.6 Q F0(The w)26 E(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F1 +(string)A F0(?' search.)A F1(x)108.77 657.6 Q F2A F1(y)A F0 2.5(Ar) +20.65 G(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F1(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 +E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F1(y)A F0('.)A F2(*)108 669.6 Q F0 .315 (All of the w)31 F .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315 -(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 -('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316 -(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 564 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 -576 Q F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 588 -Q F0(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1 -(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 -604.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F1(1\255$)A F0 2.815 +('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F2(*)2.816 E F0 .316 +(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 681.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F2(x*)108 +693.6 Q F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F1(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F2<78ad>108 +705.6 Q F0(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F1(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 +E F2(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w) +108 722.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 621.6 Q F0 .184 -(After the optional w)108 633.6 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 -G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F -.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 645.6 Q F1(h) -108 662.4 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H -(railing \214le name component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1 -(t)108 674.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H -(ll leading \214le name components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 686.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E -(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 698.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a) --.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 710.4 -Q F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14) -135.125 E(44)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E +(44)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(q)108 84 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)30.44 -E(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 96 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C -(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E -(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)A F1(/)A F2 -(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 120 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 -.221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Modi\214ers)87 84 Q F0 .184 +(After the optional w)108 96 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G +.183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F +.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 108 Q F1(h)108 +124.8 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +(railing \214le name component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1 +(t)108 136.8 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +(ll leading \214le name components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) +108 148.8 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +(\214x of the form)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C +(ea)-2.5 E(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 160.8 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 +-.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1 +(p)108 172.8 Q F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E +(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 184.8 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)30.44 E(ords, escaping further substitutions.) +-.1 E F1(x)108 196.8 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 +E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks) +2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 208.8 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A +F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 220.8 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E +F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221 (in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721 (yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 -132 R .617 +232.8 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) 5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 -F .666(be quoted in)144 144 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526 -E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 +F .666(be quoted in)144 244.8 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) +3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 156 R(If) -5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 -(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774(fn) --2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 168 Q F2(string)2.84 -E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&) -108 180 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g)108 -192 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.897 -(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F -.398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898('\()C -(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 204 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219(used with `) -3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 256.8 R +(If)5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 +F F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774 +(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 268.8 Q F2(string) +2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 +(&)108 280.8 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1 +(g)108 292.8 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 304.8 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 +(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 (elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 216 R +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 -(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 228 Q F0(.)A -F1(G)108 240 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 +(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 328.8 Q F0(.)A +F1(G)108 340.8 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 ('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 256.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 268.8 +(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 357.6 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 369.6 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F1108 280.8 Q F0(accepts)3.8 E F13.8 E F0 1.3 +receded by)-.2 F F1108 381.6 Q F0(accepts)3.8 E F13.8 E F0 1.3 (to signify the end of the options.)3.8 F -.15(Fo)6.3 G 3.8(re).15 G 1.3 (xample, the)-3.95 F F1(:)3.8 E F0(,)A F1(true)3.8 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.8 E F0 3.8(,a)C(nd)-3.8 E F1(test)3.8 E F0 -.2(bu)3.8 G 1.3(iltins do not) -.2 F(accept options.)108 292.8 Q F1(:)108 310.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A -(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 322.8 R .452 +.2 F(accept options.)108 393.6 Q F1(:)108 411.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A +(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 423.6 R .452 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) -.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 334.8 R -(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 351.6 Q F2 +2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. A)144 435.6 R +(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 452.4 Q F2 (\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 -363.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E -F0(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 375.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02 +464.4 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E +F0(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 476.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02 (cute commands from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02 (in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02(vironment and return the e)-.4 F -(xit)-.15 E 1.68(status of the last command e)144 387.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(xit)-.15 E 1.68(status of the last command e)144 488.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.68(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F2 (\214lename)6.09 E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608 -(names in)144 399.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E +(names in)144 500.4 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 (\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 411.6 +-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 512.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 (is not in)3.333 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 (he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 -(\214le is found in)144 423.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 +(\214le is found in)144 524.4 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 -435.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F +536.4 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F (y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 -(\214lename)144 447.6 Q F0 .341(is e)2.841 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.841 +(\214lename)144 548.4 Q F0 .341(is e)2.841 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.841 (cuted. Otherwise).15 F .341(the positional parameters are unchanged.) 2.841 F .342(The return status is the)5.342 F .716 -(status of the last command e)144 459.6 R .716 +(status of the last command e)144 560.4 R .716 (xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .715(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 471.6 -Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 488.4 Q F0([) +.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .715(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 572.4 +Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 589.2 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].) -C(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 500.4 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 +C(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 601.2 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 (guments or with the)-.18 F F15.224 E F0 2.724 (option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E -F2(name)144 512.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +F2(name)144 613.2 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 524.4 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 625.2 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F2(value) 5.395 E F0 .395(causes the ne)2.895 F .395(xt w)-.15 F .395 (ord to be check)-.1 F .395(ed for alias sub-)-.1 F .054 -(stitution when the alias is e)144 536.4 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 +(stitution when the alias is e)144 637.2 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054 (gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .053(is sup-)2.553 -F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 548.4 R 1.314 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 649.2 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 (returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 560.4 Q F1(bg)108 577.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 -589.2 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 661.2 Q F1(bg)108 678 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 690 R F2 +(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 (in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E -F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 601.2 Q F0 .671 +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 702 Q F0 .671 (is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) -3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 (bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 -(when job control is disabled or)144 613.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(when job control is disabled or)144 714 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 (hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G (peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 625.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F1(bind)108 642 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSV)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 654 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 666 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 678 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F12.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 690 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 702 Q F2 -.37(re)2.5 G -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 714 R F1 -.18(re) -2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) -2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 726 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(45)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 726 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(45)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(.inputr)144 84 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 -G .484(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 -F .484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. 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--.25 E F2144 264 Q F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 276 Q .3 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 -288 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 300 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 E F1 -(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 312 Q F1(function)2.5 E F0 -(Unbind all k)180 324 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G(ound to the named) --2.5 E F1(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F2144 336 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq) --.2 E F0(Remo)180 348 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 -.15(ny c).15 H -(urrent binding for).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(.)A F2144 -360 Q F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F2(:)A F1(shell\255command)A F0(Cause) -180 372 Q F1(shell\255command)2.5 E F0(to be e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted whene).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(is entered.)2.5 E(The return v)144 388.8 Q +-.25 E F1144 360 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 372 Q .3 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +384 Q 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F0(,)A F2 -(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F2(select)2.555 E F0 2.555 -(loop. If)2.555 F F1(n)2.555 E F0 .055(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F1 -(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls.).15 E F1(n)5.414 E F0 .054 -(must be)2.794 F/F3 10/Symbol SF2.554 E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 429.6 Q -F1(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all\ +(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 E F1(br)108 +501.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055(Exit from within a)144 +513.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1 +(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1(select)2.555 E F0 2.555 +(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2 +(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054 +(must be)2.794 F/F3 10/Symbol SF2.554 E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 525.6 Q +F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all\ enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v) -2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless the shell is not e)144 441.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting a loop when).15 E F2(br)2.5 E(eak)-.18 E F0(is e)2.5 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2 -.2(bu)108 458.4 S(iltin).2 E F1 -(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A -(Ex)144 470.4 Q .793(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793 -(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F1(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G +2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless the shell is not e)144 537.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting a loop when).15 E F1(br)2.5 E(eak)-.18 E F0(is e)2.5 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.2(bu)108 554.4 S(iltin).2 E F2 +(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A +(Ex)144 566.4 Q .793(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793 +(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792 (This is useful)5.792 F .615 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -482.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -494.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F0 +578.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +590.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 506.4 Q(alse if)-.1 -E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(cd)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255L|-P)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .21(Change the current directory to)144 535.2 -R F1(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F1(dir) +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 602.4 Q(alse if)-.1 +E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(cd)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255L|-P)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .21(Change the current directory to)144 631.2 +R F2(dir)2.71 E F0 5.21(.T)C .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.71 E F0 .21(is the def)2.46 F(ault)-.1 E F2(dir) 2.71 E F0 5.21(.T).73 G .21(he v)-5.21 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(CDP)2.71 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .777 -(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 547.2 R F1 +(de\214nes the search path for the directory containing)144 643.2 R F2 (dir)3.276 E F0 5.776(.A).73 G(lternati)-5.776 E 1.076 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .776(irectory names in).15 F F4(CDP)3.276 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 559.2 R 3.264(An)5.764 G .764 +.764(are separated by a colon \(:\).)144 655.2 R 3.264(An)5.764 G .764 (ull directory name in)-3.264 F F4(CDP)3.264 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E -F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 571.2 Q 2.974 -(,i)-.65 G .474(.e., `)-2.974 F(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.474(.I) -.74 G(f)-5.474 E F1(dir)3.324 E F0(be)3.704 E .474 +F0 .764(is the same as the current direc-)3.014 F(tory)144 667.2 Q 2.974 +(,i)-.65 G .474(.e., `)-2.974 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 5.474(.I) +.74 G(f)-5.474 E F2(dir)3.324 E F0(be)3.704 E .474 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F4(CDP)2.974 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F0 .473(is not used. The)2.724 F F22.973 E F0 .473 -(option says to use)2.973 F .579(the ph)144 583.2 R .579 +.855 E F0 .473(is not used. The)2.724 F F12.973 E F0 .473 +(option says to use)2.973 F .579(the ph)144 679.2 R .579 (ysical directory structure instead of follo)-.05 F .579 -(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F23.08 E F0 .58 -(option to the)3.08 F F2(set)144 595.2 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.384 G .884 -(iltin command\); the).2 F F23.384 E F0 .884 +(wing symbolic links \(see also the)-.25 F F13.08 E F0 .58 +(option to the)3.08 F F1(set)144 691.2 Q F0 -.2(bu)3.384 G .884 +(iltin command\); the).2 F F13.384 E F0 .884 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)3.384 F 3.384(wed. An)-.25 F -(ar)3.383 E .883(gument of)-.18 F F23.383 E F0(is)3.383 E(equi)144 -607.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .062(lent to).25 F F4($OLDPWD)2.562 E/F5 9 +(ar)3.383 E .883(gument of)-.18 F F13.383 E F0(is)3.383 E(equi)144 +703.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .062(lent to).25 F F4($OLDPWD)2.562 E/F5 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .062(If a non-empty directory name from)4.562 F -F2(CDP)2.562 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .063(is used, or if)2.562 F F2 -2.563 E F0 .063(is the \214rst)2.563 F(ar)144 619.2 Q .116(gument, \ +F1(CDP)2.562 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .063(is used, or if)2.562 F F1 +2.563 E F0 .063(is the \214rst)2.563 F(ar)144 715.2 Q .116(gument, \ and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne) -.18 F 2.615(ww)-.25 G .115(orking direc-)-2.715 F 1.164 -(tory is written to the standard output.)144 631.2 R 1.164(The return v) +(tory is written to the standard output.)144 727.2 R 1.164(The return v) 6.164 F 1.165(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 F 1.165 -(as successfully)-.1 F(changed; f)144 643.2 Q(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2 -(caller)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(])A .254 -(Returns the conte)144 672 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti) --2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 -(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F2(sour)144 684 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.062 G 3.062(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2 -(ex)3.062 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)3.062 E F0 .562 -(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)3.062 F -.254(subroutine call.)144 696 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 G -(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 F -F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 -(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ -tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 708 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 -(This e)144 720 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(46)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(as successfully)-.1 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E +(46)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E 3.019(0. The)144 84 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +-.35 E(changed; f)144 84 Q(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(caller)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E +F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 112.8 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya) +-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 +(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 124.8 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.062 G 3.062(iltins. W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +(ex)3.062 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)3.062 E F0 .562 +(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)3.062 F +.254(subroutine call.)144 136.8 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 +(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ +tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ +ent e)144 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 +(This e)144 160.8 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E +3.019(0. The)144 172.8 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 (alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)3.02 G -(pr).2 E F0 .52(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 96 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(command) -108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E -F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 124.8 Q F1(command)2.957 E F0 -(with)3.527 E F1(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 +(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 184.8 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(command)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Run)144 213.6 Q F2(command)2.957 E F0(with)3.527 E F2(ar) +3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257 (suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)3.027 F .257 -(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 136.8 R/F3 9 +(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 225.6 R/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F23.002 E F0 .502 -(option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F1 -(command)3.202 E F0(is)3.772 E .232(performed using a def)144 148.8 R -.231(ault v)-.1 F .231(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.74(PA)2.731 G(TH)-.21 E F0 +(xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F13.002 E F0 .502 +(option is gi)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2 +(command)3.202 E F0(is)3.772 E .232(performed using a def)144 237.6 R +.231(ault v)-.1 F .231(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.74(PA)2.731 G(TH)-.21 E F0 .231(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.731 F -(If)5.231 E .174(either the)144 160.8 R F22.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 -2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F1 -(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F22.675 E -F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.11(as)144 172.8 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F +(If)5.231 E .174(either the)144 249.6 R F12.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 +2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F12.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.11(as)144 261.6 S .61(ingle w)-3.11 F .61(ord indicating the command or \214le name used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F -F2144 184.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F22.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F22.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 196.8 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.41 E F0 .61(to be displayed; the)3.88 F +F1144 273.6 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F12.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F12.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 285.6 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 (wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1 -(command)144.2 208.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 +(command)144.2 297.6 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 (xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 220.8 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 -(compgen)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 249.6 R -F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 309.6 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1 +(compgen)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 338.4 R +F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 -(accepted by the)144 261.6 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F23.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F23.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 273.6 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F -F23.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F23.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) +(accepted by the)144 350.4 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F13.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F13.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 362.4 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F +F13.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F13.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v) 3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25 -F(grammable completion f)144 285.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) +F(grammable completion f)144 374.4 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va) -.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.) --.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 309.6 R .352 +-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 398.4 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -321.6 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) -2.52 F(those completions matching)144 333.6 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 357.6 Q +410.4 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 422.4 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 446.4 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 -(complete)108 374.4 Q F0([)3.265 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.265(][)C -F2-3.265 E F1(comp-option)3.265 E F0 3.265(][)C F2-3.265 E -F1(action)3.265 E F0 3.265(][)C F2-3.265 E F1(globpat)3.265 E F0 -3.265(][)C F2-3.265 E F1(wor)3.265 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.265(][)C F2 --3.265 E F1(function)3.265 E F0 3.265(][)C F2-3.265 E F1 -(command)108 386.4 Q F0(])A([)144 398.4 Q F2A F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 --2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A -F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 422.4 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 -G .633(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133 E F0 .633 -(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F23.134 E F0 +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 +(complete)108 463.2 Q F0([)3.265 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.265(][)C +F1-3.265 E F2(comp-option)3.265 E F0 3.265(][)C F1-3.265 E +F2(action)3.265 E F0 3.265(][)C F1-3.265 E F2(globpat)3.265 E F0 +3.265(][)C F1-3.265 E F2(wor)3.265 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.265(][)C F1 +-3.265 E F2(function)3.265 E F0 3.265(][)C F1-3.265 E F2 +(command)108 475.2 Q F0(])A([)144 487.2 Q F1A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 +-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A +F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 511.2 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 +G .633(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.133 E F0 .633 +(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F13.134 E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e) -144 434.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) +144 523.2 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) -.15 F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 -(reused as input.)144 446.4 R(The)5.31 E F22.81 E F0 .31 +(reused as input.)144 535.2 R(The)5.31 E F12.81 E F0 .31 (option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 -(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C -1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1(name)2.81 E F0(s)A -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 458.4 Q 1.438 +(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 547.2 Q 1.438 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -482.4 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -494.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E +571.2 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +583.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 518.4 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 607.2 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F23.056 E F0(,)A F23.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F23.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) -144 530.4 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F23.223 E F0(and)3.223 E -F23.223 E F0 .722 +(guments to the)-.18 F F13.056 E F0(,)A F13.056 E F0 3.056 +(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F13.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) +144 619.2 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F13.223 E F0(and)3.223 E +F13.223 E F0 .722 (options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 542.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2144 554.4 Q -F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 566.4 Q F1(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +(sion before the)144 631.2 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1144 643.2 Q +F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 655.2 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 578.4 Q F1 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 590.4 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 602.4 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 667.2 Q F2 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 679.2 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 691.2 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -614.4 Q F2(default)184 626.4 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')10 F 5.375(sd)-.55 +703.2 Q F1(default)184 715.2 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')10 F 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 638.4 Q F2(dir)184 650.4 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ -ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 662.4 Q F2 -(\214lenames)184 674.4 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 686.4 S .137(ll readline that th\ -e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c> --.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .496(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 698.4 R -2.996(ea)-.1 G .496(dding a slash to directory names or suppress-)-2.996 -F(ing trailing spaces\).)224 710.4 Q -(Intended to be used with shell functions.)5 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2007 September 14)135.125 E(47)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +224 727.2 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(47)188.455 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nospace)184 84 Q F0 -.7(Te)6.11 G .22 -(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 F -.22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 96 Q F1(plusdirs) -184 108 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 -(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 120 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 132 -Q F1144 144 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 156 -Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)184 84 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\ +tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 96 Q F1 +(\214lenames)184 108 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 120 S .137(ll readline that the co\ +mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 +G(le-)-2.636 E .496(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 132 R 2.996 +(ea)-.1 G .496(dding a slash to directory names or suppress-)-2.996 F +(ing trailing spaces\).)224 144 Q +(Intended to be used with shell functions.)5 E F1(nospace)184 156 Q F0 +-.7(Te)6.11 G .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 +(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 +168 Q F1(plusdirs)184 180 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G +1.985(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name) +-4.485 F .584(completion is attempted and an)224 192 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G +.584(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 +204 Q F1144 216 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 +228 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -168 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 180 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 192 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 204 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G -2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 216 S(iltin).2 E F0 +240 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 252 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 264 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 276 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G +2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 288 S(iltin).2 E F0 (Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 228 -Q F0(Command names.)224 240 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 252 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 264 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 276 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 288 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -300 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -312 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. 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May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -324 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(function)184 336 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 348 Q F1 -(gr)184 360 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E +396 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(function)184 408 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 420 Q F1 +(gr)184 432 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -372 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 384 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 396 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 408 +444 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 456 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 468 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 480 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 420 Q F0 +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 492 Q F0 (Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 432 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 444 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. 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May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 552 Q F2 -(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.41(The \214lename e)184 564 R 1.411 +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 624 Q F2 +(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.41(The \214lename e)184 636 R 1.411 (xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.911 E F0 1.411(is e)3.911 F 1.411 -(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 576 Q F1 -144 588 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 600 Q F2(wor)3.64 E +(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 648 Q F1 +144 660 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 672 Q F2(wor)3.64 E (dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3 (IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and) --.25 F 2.007(each resultant w)184 612 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507 +-.25 F 2.007(each resultant w)184 684 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507 (xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the) -4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 624 Q(ord being completed.) --.1 E F1144 636 Q F2(command)2.5 E(command)184 648 Q F0 1.056 -(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 -(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 660 Q F1144 672 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.18 -(The shell function)184 684 R F2(function)3.68 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.681 -(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.181(it \214n-)3.681 F .932 -(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F3 -(COMPREPL)3.431 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.181 E -.25(va)184 708 S(riable.) -.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(48)185.115 E 0 -Cg EP +4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 696 Q(ord being completed.) +-.1 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(48)188.455 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 96 Q F0 .733 -(is a pattern as used for \214lename e)3.233 F 3.233(xpansion. 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It)-.15 F .733(is applied to the list of possible)3.233 F +1.596(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 192 R +1.596(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 204 Q F2 +(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 +G .704(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!) +3.204 E F0(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 +G .705(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 216 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1144 144 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 156 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E F1144 228 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 240 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 168 Q F1144 180 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 252 Q F1144 264 Q F2(suf)2.5 E 2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .466(The return v)144 196.8 R +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E .466(The return v)144 280.8 R .466(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 (lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F12.967 E F0 (or)2.967 E F12.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 208.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(plied without a)144 292.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 (gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 220.8 Q F0 +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 304.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(continue)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 -249.6 R 1.753(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r) +F1(continue)108 321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 +333.6 R 1.753(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r) .25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r) -4.254 E F1(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 -1.754(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 261.6 R F2(n)3.709 -E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 +1.754(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 345.6 R F2(n)3.709 +E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10/Symbol SF3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 (is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .667 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 273.6 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 357.6 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.167('l)-.74 G .667(oop\) is resumed.)-3.167 F .668 (The return v)5.668 F .668(alue is 0 unless the)-.25 F(shell is not e) -144 285.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting a loop when).15 E F1(continue)2.5 E F0 -(is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(declar)108 302.4 Q(e)-.18 E +144 369.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting a loop when).15 E F1(continue)2.5 E F0 +(is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(declar)108 386.4 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 -314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5 +398.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255afFirtx)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265 -(Declare v)144 326.4 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t) +(Declare v)144 410.4 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t) -.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name) 3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G -1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 338.4 +1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 422.4 S 3.326(riables. The).25 F F13.326 E F0 .826 (option will display the attrib)3.326 F .826(utes and v)-.2 F .826 (alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.326 E F0 5.827(.W).18 G(hen)-5.827 E F1 3.327 E F0 .827(is used,)3.327 F .22 -(additional options are ignored.)144 350.4 R(The)5.22 E F12.72 E +(additional options are ignored.)144 434.4 R(The)5.22 E F12.72 E F0 .22(option inhibits the display of function de\214nitions; only the) -2.72 F .466(function name and attrib)144 362.4 R .466(utes are printed.) +2.72 F .466(function name and attrib)144 446.4 R .466(utes are printed.) -.2 F .466(If the)5.466 F F1(extdeb)2.966 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .466 (shell option is enabled using)2.966 F F1(shopt)2.966 E F0 2.966(,t)C (he)-2.966 E 1.308(source \214le name and line number where the functio\ -n is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 374.4 R(The)6.308 E F1 -3.808 E F0 .19(option implies)144 386.4 R F12.69 E F0 5.19(.T)C +n is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 458.4 R(The)6.308 E F1 +3.808 E F0 .19(option implies)144 470.4 R F12.69 E F0 5.19(.T)C .19(he follo)-5.19 F .191 (wing options can be used to restrict output to v)-.25 F .191 -(ariables with the speci-)-.25 F(\214ed attrib)144 398.4 Q(ute or to gi) +(ariables with the speci-)-.25 F(\214ed attrib)144 482.4 Q(ute or to gi) -.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2 E F1144 -410.4 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array v)2.5 E +494.4 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array v)2.5 E (ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1144 422.4 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1 -144 434.4 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558 +.15 E F1144 506.4 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1 +144 518.4 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 446.4 Q F0 -(is performed when the v)2.25 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.) --.25 E F1144 458.4 Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 -5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546 -(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547 -(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 470.4 Q -F1144 482.4 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F F3 .557(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU) +-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 530.4 Q F0(is performed when the v)2.25 E +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1144 542.4 Q F0(Mak) +25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T) +-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F 2.547 +(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 554.4 Q +F1144 566.4 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 (name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 494.4 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(traps from the calling shell.)180 578.4 Q(The trace attrib)5 E (ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1144 -506.4 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +590.4 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E (xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .12 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 523.2 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 607.2 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12 (he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .121 (xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F -1.237(to destro)144 535.2 R 3.737(ya)-.1 G 3.737(na)-3.737 G 1.237 +1.237(to destro)144 619.2 R 3.737(ya)-.1 G 3.737(na)-3.737 G 1.237 (rray v)-3.737 F 1.237(ariable and)-.25 F F1 1.237(+r will not r)3.737 F (emo)-.18 E 1.437 -.1(ve t)-.1 H 1.237(he r).1 F 1.237(eadonly attrib) -.18 F 3.737(ute. When)-.2 F 1.236(used in a)3.737 F .311(function, mak) -144 547.2 R .311(es each)-.1 F F2(name)2.811 E F1 .311 +144 631.2 R .311(es each)-.1 F F2(name)2.811 E F1 .311 (local, as with the local)2.811 F F0 2.811(command. If)2.811 F 2.811(av) 2.811 G .312(ariable name is follo)-3.061 F .312(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 -559.2 Q F2(value)A F0 3.239(,t)C .739(he v)-3.239 F .739(alue of the v) +643.2 Q F2(value)A F0 3.239(,t)C .739(he v)-3.239 F .739(alue of the v) -.25 F .739(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.238 E F0 5.738(.T)C .738 (he return v)-5.738 F .738(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .738(lid option is).25 F .603 -(encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 571.2 +(encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)144 655.2 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .603(\255f foo=bar)3.103 F F0 3.103(,a)C 3.103(na) --3.103 G .604(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.243(assign a v)144 583.2 R +-3.103 G .604(ttempt is made to)-3.103 F 1.243(assign a v)144 667.2 R 1.243(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.242 (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F 1.242 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E 1.386 -(without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 595.2 R F1 +(without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 679.2 R F1 (Arrays)3.886 E F0(abo)3.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.386(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S .172 +F2(names)3.886 E F0 1.386(is not a)3.886 F -.25(va)144 691.2 S .172 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 619.2 R 3.46(fa) +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 703.2 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 631.2 Q -(xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 648 Q -F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255cplv])-2.5 E F0 -.4 -(Wi)144 660 S .329 +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 715.2 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q +(2007 December 5)138.465 E(49)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 50 50 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dirs [+)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n) +A F1 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255cplv])-2.5 E F0 -.4(Wi) +144 96 S .329 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) .4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 672 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 684 Q +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 108 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 120 Q F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 696 Q F2(n)A F0 1.565 +2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 132 Q F2(n)A F0 1.565 (Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 (th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 (dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 708 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2007 September 14)135.125 E(49)185.115 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 50 50 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 144 Q F1144 156 Q F2(n)A +F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 96 Q F1144 108 Q F0 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 168 Q F1144 180 Q F0 (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1 -144 120 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F .324 +144 192 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F .324 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F(tory) -180 132 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 144 Q F0 +180 204 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 216 Q F0 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1144 -156 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ +228 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\ \214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773 -G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 168 Q .258(The return v)144 184.8 R .258 +G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 240 Q .258(The return v)144 256.8 R .258 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 196.8 Q F1(diso)108 213.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +.15 F(tory stack.)144 268.8 Q F1(diso)108 285.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 225.6 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec) +(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 297.6 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F2(jobspec) 4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295 (rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .244(and neither) -144 237.6 R F1 .243(\255a nor \255r is supplied, the shell')2.744 F +144 309.6 R F1 .243(\255a nor \255r is supplied, the shell')2.744 F 2.743(sn)-.37 G .243(otion of the)-2.743 F F2(curr)2.743 E .243(ent job) -.37 F F1 .243(is used.)2.743 F .243(If the \255h option)5.243 F .333 -(is gi)144 249.6 R -.1(ve)-.1 G .333(n, each).1 F F2(jobspec)4.574 E F0 +(is gi)144 321.6 R -.1(ve)-.1 G .333(n, each).1 F F2(jobspec)4.574 E F0 .334(is not remo)3.144 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.834(df).15 G .334 (rom the table, b)-2.834 F .334(ut is mark)-.2 F .334(ed so that)-.1 F /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.834 E F0 .334(is not sent to)2.584 F 1.19 -(the job if the shell recei)144 261.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.689(sa).15 G F3 +(the job if the shell recei)144 333.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.689(sa).15 G F3 (SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.189(If no)5.689 F F2(jobspec) 5.429 E F0 1.189(is present, and neither the)3.999 F F13.689 E F0 1.189(nor the)3.689 F F13.689 E F0 1.569(option is supplied, the) -144 273.6 R F2(curr)4.069 E 1.569(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.569(is used.)4.069 +144 345.6 R F2(curr)4.069 E 1.569(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.569(is used.)4.069 F 1.569(If no)6.569 F F2(jobspec)5.809 E F0 1.57(is supplied, the)4.38 F -F14.07 E F0 1.57(option means to)4.07 F(remo)144 285.6 Q .904 -.15 +F14.07 E F0 1.57(option means to)4.07 F(remo)144 357.6 Q .904 -.15 (ve o)-.15 H 3.104(rm).15 G .604(ark all jobs; the)-3.104 F F1 3.103 E F0 .603(option without a)3.103 F F2(jobspec)4.843 E F0(ar)3.413 E .603(gument restricts operation to running)-.18 F 2.5(jobs. The)144 -297.6 R(return v)2.5 E(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 -(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 314.4 Q +369.6 R(return v)2.5 E(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F1(echo)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.394(Output the)144 326.4 R F2(ar)2.894 E(g)-.37 E F0 .394 +.394(Output the)144 398.4 R F2(ar)2.894 E(g)-.37 E F0 .394 (s, separated by spaces, follo)B .395(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.895 (wline. The)-.25 F .395(return status is al)2.895 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .395 (ys 0.).1 F(If)5.395 E F12.895 E F0 .549 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 338.4 R .548(wline is suppressed.) +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)144 410.4 R .548(wline is suppressed.) -.25 F .548(If the)5.548 F F13.048 E F0 .548(option is gi)3.048 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 350.4 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G .548(n, interpretation of the fol-).15 F(lo)144 422.4 Q .052(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)5.052 E F1 2.552 E F0 .053(option disables the interpretation of these)2.553 -F 1.503(escape characters, e)144 362.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.003(no).15 G +F 1.503(escape characters, e)144 434.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.003(no).15 G 4.003(ns)-4.003 G 1.502(ystems where the)-4.003 F 4.002(ya)-.15 G 1.502 (re interpreted by def)-4.002 F 4.002(ault. The)-.1 F F1(xpg_echo)4.002 E F0(shell)4.002 E .009 -(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 374.4 R +(option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)144 446.4 R F1(echo)2.509 E F0 -.15(ex)2.51 G .01(pands these escape characters).15 -F .66(by def)144 386.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 +F .66(by def)144 458.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66 (does not interpret)3.16 F F13.16 E F0 .659 (to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0 .659 -(interprets the follo)3.159 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 398.4 Q -F1(\\a)144 410.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 422.4 Q F0 -(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 434.4 Q F0(suppress trailing ne)28.78 E -(wline)-.25 E F1(\\e)144 446.4 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f) -144 458.4 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 470.4 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5 -(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 482.4 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1 -(\\t)144 494.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 506.4 Q F0 -.15 -(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 518.4 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 -(\\0)144 530.4 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E +(interprets the follo)3.159 F(wing)-.25 E(escape sequences:)144 470.4 Q +F1(\\a)144 482.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 494.4 Q F0 +(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 506.4 Q F0(suppress trailing ne)28.78 E +(wline)-.25 E F1(\\e)144 518.4 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\f) +144 530.4 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 542.4 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5 +(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 554.4 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1 +(\\t)144 566.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 578.4 Q F0 -.15 +(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 590.4 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1 +(\\0)144 602.4 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E (alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 542.4 Q F2(HH)A F0 +(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 614.4 Q F2(HH)A F0 (the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(enable)108 559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(enable)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277 -(Enable and disable b)144 571.2 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278 +(Enable and disable b)144 643.2 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278 (Disabling a b)5.278 F .278(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278 (ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834(the same name as a shell b)144 -583.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834 +655.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .834 (cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.333 (nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989(the shell normally searches for b)144 -595.2 R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1 +667.2 R .989(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1 3.489 E F0 .99(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F -1.582(abled; otherwise,)144 607.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582 +1.582(abled; otherwise,)144 679.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582 (are enabled.)4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582 (xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582 (binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08 -(instead of the shell b)144 619.2 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run) +(instead of the shell b)144 691.2 R .08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run) -.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he) -5.081 E F12.581 E F0 .081(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w) --.25 E -.2(bu)144 631.2 S 1.525(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 +-.25 E -.2(bu)144 703.2 S 1.525(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F -(The)144 643.2 Q F12.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F +(The)144 715.2 Q F12.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F .366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F12.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn)-5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the) -144 655.2 R F12.899 E F0 .399 +144 727.2 R F12.899 E F0 .399 (option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399(uiltins is printed.) -.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .398(guments, the) --.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 667.2 R 2.598 -(uiltins. If)-.2 F F12.598 E F0 .098(is supplied, only disabled b) -2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 -1.917(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 679.2 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 691.2 R F12.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F -(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 703.2 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 -715.2 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(50)185.115 E 0 -Cg EP +-.18 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(50)188.455 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 84 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 96 Q F2(ar) -3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 +-.35 E .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 84 R 2.598 +(uiltins. If)-.2 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.099 E F12.599 E F0 1.917 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 96 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 +(enabled. If)144 108 R F12.878 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(special)2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The) +.2 F .379(return v)2.879 F(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 120 R F2 +(name)3.855 E F0 .994(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994 +(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994 +(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 132 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 +148.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 160.8 +Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 (re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 120 Q +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 184.8 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 148.8 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 213.6 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 (wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 160.8 R .177 +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 225.6 R .177 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F12.676 E F0 .176 (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 172.8 R .499(gument passed to) +(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 237.6 R .499(gument passed to) -.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 (lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F13 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 184.8 Q F0 .639(to be e) +.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 249.6 Q F0 .639(to be e) 3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F13.138 E F0 .638 (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 196.8 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 261.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 208.8 Q .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318(hell e).15 F +.15 F(non-interacti)144 273.6 Q .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318(hell e).15 F .318(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .317 (is enabled, in which case it returns f)2.817 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505 -(ure. An)144 220.8 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005 +(ure. An)144 285.6 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005 (hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 232.8 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 297.6 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 (edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 -(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 309.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 6.29(]C)C .095(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .095(xit with a status of) -.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 273.6 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 338.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 +(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 355.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 302.4 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 314.4 R +F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 367.2 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 379.2 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 326.4 R(the)2.626 E F1 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626(commands. If)144 391.2 R(the)2.626 E F1 2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) .15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) 5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127 -(n, or if the).15 F F1144 338.4 Q F0 .66 +(n, or if the).15 F F1144 403.2 Q F0 .66 (option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.16 F .659 (xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F13.159 E F0 -(option)3.159 E 1.586(causes the e)144 350.4 R 1.586 +(option)3.159 E 1.586(causes the e)144 415.2 R 1.586 (xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586 (rom each)-4.086 F F2(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G -1.587(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.587(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 362.4 Q +1.587(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.587(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 427.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he v)-2.804 F .304(alue of the v) -.25 F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 (export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .303 (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .293 -(option is encountered, one of the)144 374.4 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293 +(option is encountered, one of the)144 439.2 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293 (is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25 F F12.793 E F0 .294(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 -386.4 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +451.2 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 468 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -415.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .478(Fix Command.)144 427.2 R .478 +480 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .478(Fix Command.)144 492 R .478 (In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.478 F F2<8c72>4.888 E (st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .477 -(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .881(tory list.)144 439.2 R F2 -.45 -(Fi)5.881 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.061 E F2(last)3.471 E F0 .882 +(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .881(tory list.)144 504 R F2 -.45(Fi) +5.881 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.061 E F2(last)3.471 E F0 .882 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F .882(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 -451.2 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F +516 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an) -.15 F(of)144 463.2 Q .276(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F +.15 F(of)144 528 Q .276(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F (If)5.276 E F2(last)2.866 E F0 .277 (is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.456 F .093 -(for listing \(so that)144 475.2 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092 +(for listing \(so that)144 540 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .092 (fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) 2.592 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72> 4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .092(is not)3.272 F -(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 487.2 Q -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 511.2 -Q F12.522 E F0 .022 +(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 552 Q +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 576 Q +F12.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F12.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 523.2 R .438(If the) -5.438 F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 588 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F12.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 535.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E -F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 -(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 547.2 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 -E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) +.334(the editor gi)144 600 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F2 +(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F +(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 612 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E +F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of) -.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63 -(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 559.2 R .95 +(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 624 R .95 (ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F --.15(exe)144 571.2 S(cuted.).15 E .04(In the second form,)144 595.2 R F2 +-.15(exe)144 636 S(cuted.).15 E .04(In the second form,)144 660 R F2 (command)2.54 E F0 .04(is re-e)2.54 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)2.539 E F0 .039 (is replaced by)2.539 F F2 -.37(re)2.539 G(p).37 E F0 5.039(.A)C(useful) --2.5 E .406(alias to use with this is)144 607.2 R F4 .406(r='fc \255s') +-2.5 E .406(alias to use with this is)144 672 R F4 .406(r='fc \255s') 2.906 F F0 2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F4 6.406(rc)2.906 G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F -.407(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)144 619.2 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F4(r)2.5 -E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 -(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 643.2 R .142 +.407(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)144 684 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F4(r)2.5 E +F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142 +(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 708 R .142 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 655.2 -R .454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 720 R +.454(If the)5.454 F F12.954 E F0 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 667.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 -(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 -(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -679.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 691.2 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(51) -185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(alue of the)-.25 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(51) +188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fg)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 96 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413 +-.35 E .788(last command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788(cuted or f).15 F +.787(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.) +-.1 F .787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 +(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 +96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 108 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.5 E +F0(returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 136.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413 (in the fore)4.224 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913 -(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2 -(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 108 Q -3.116(sn)-.55 G .616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job) +(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1 +(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 148.8 Q +3.116(sn)-.55 G .616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job) -.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 120 Q .363 -(ground, or f)-.15 F .363(ailure if run when job control is disabled or) --.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F -F2(jobspec)145.74 132 Q F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004 -(alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec)4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w) -2.814 F .004(as started without job control.)-.1 F F1(getopts)108 148.8 -Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1 -(getopts)144 160.8 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 160.8 Q +.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 172.8 Q +F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F1(jobspec) +4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004 +(as started without job control.)-.1 F F2(getopts)108 189.6 Q F1 +(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 +201.6 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 172.8 R .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 213.6 R .15 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 184.8 Q .579 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 225.6 Q .579 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 196.8 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 237.6 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) 4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 208.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.297 E F0 -3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(option in the shell v)144 249.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 +3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 (if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G -3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 220.8 Q .085 +3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 261.6 Q .085 (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) 4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 -(or a shell script is in)144 232.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 +(or a shell script is in)144 273.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 (getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 -(into the v)144 244.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A +(into the v)144 285.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 (automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 256.8 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 297.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 268.8 -Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 292.8 R F1(getopts) +2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 309.6 +Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 333.6 R F2(getopts) 4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F1(OPTIND)144 304.8 Q F0 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F2(OPTIND)144 345.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 328.8 Q F0 2.393 +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 369.6 Q F0 2.393 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F2(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 -340.8 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 364.8 Q F0 1.165 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F1(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 +381.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 405.6 Q F0 1.165 (can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166 -(is a colon,)3.886 F F2(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.264 -(reporting is used.)144 376.8 R 1.263 +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166 +(is a colon,)3.886 F F1(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.264 +(reporting is used.)144 417.6 R 1.263 (In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.263 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 -388.8 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +429.6 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F (ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 -(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 400.8 Q +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E -F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 424.8 R --.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667 -(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .666 +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 465.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 (and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 -436.8 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1(getopts)2.899 +477.6 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 (OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 448.8 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 -472.8 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.741 -(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F2(name)144 484.8 +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 489.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 +513.6 R 1.242(gument is not 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-(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 532.8 Q F1(hash)108 -549.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(\214lename) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A --.15(Fo)144 561.6 S 3.554(re).15 G(ach)-3.554 E F2(name)3.554 E F0 3.554 +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 573.6 Q F2(hash)108 +590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2-2.5 E F1(\214lename) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A +-.15(Fo)144 602.4 S 3.554(re).15 G(ach)-3.554 E F1(name)3.554 E F0 3.554 (,t).18 G 1.054(he full \214le name of the command is determined by sea\ -rching the directories in)-3.554 F F1($P)144 573.6 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H) -.95 E F0 .35(and remembered.)2.85 F .35(If the)5.35 F F12.85 E F0 -.349(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.849 F F2 +rching the directories in)-3.554 F F2($P)144 614.4 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H) +.95 E F0 .35(and remembered.)2.85 F .35(If the)5.35 F F22.85 E F0 +.349(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.849 F F1 (\214lename)4.759 E F0 .452 -(is used as the full \214le name of the command.)144 585.6 R(The)5.452 E -F12.952 E F0 .452(option causes the shell to for)2.952 F .453 -(get all remem-)-.18 F .593(bered locations.)144 597.6 R(The)5.593 E F1 +(is used as the full \214le name of the command.)144 626.4 R(The)5.452 E +F22.952 E F0 .452(option causes the shell to for)2.952 F .453 +(get all remem-)-.18 F .593(bered locations.)144 638.4 R(The)5.593 E F2 3.093 E F0 .593(option causes the shell to for)3.093 F .592 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.092 E F0(.)A .02 -(If the)144 609.6 R F12.52 E F0 .02 -(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)2.52 F F2(name) +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.092 E F0(.)A .02 +(If the)144 650.4 R F22.52 E F0 .02 +(option is supplied, the full pathname to which each)2.52 F F1(name) 2.521 E F0 .021(corresponds is printed.)2.521 F .021(If multi-)5.021 F -(ple)144 621.6 Q F2(name)3.704 E F0(ar)3.704 E 1.204 -(guments are supplied with)-.18 F F13.703 E F0 3.703(,t)C(he) --3.703 E F2(name)3.703 E F0 1.203 -(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.703 F(The)144 633.6 Q F1 +(ple)144 662.4 Q F1(name)3.704 E F0(ar)3.704 E 1.204 +(guments are supplied with)-.18 F F23.703 E F0 3.703(,t)C(he) +-3.703 E F1(name)3.703 E F0 1.203 +(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.703 F(The)144 674.4 Q F2 3.215 E F0 .715(option causes output to be displayed in a format \ that may be reused as input.)3.215 F .716(If no ar)5.716 F(gu-)-.18 E -1.184(ments are gi)144 645.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.184(n, or if only).15 F -F13.684 E F0 1.183 +1.184(ments are gi)144 686.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.184(n, or if only).15 F +F23.684 E F0 1.183 (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)3.684 F -(The return status is true unless a)144 657.6 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(The return status is true unless a)144 698.4 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0 (is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.).25 -E F1(help)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pattern)-2.5 E -F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 686.4 R .867 -(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .867 -(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 -698.4 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F .596(tures is printed.)144 710.4 -R(The)5.596 E F13.096 E F0 .596 -(option restricts the information displayed to a short usage synopsis.) -3.096 F(The)5.596 E(return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 -722.4 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2007 September 14)135.125 E(52)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(52)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(history [)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(n)A F1(])A(history \255c)108 96 Q(history \255d)108 108 Q F2(of)2.5 E -(fset)-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0 -(])A F1(history \255p)108 132 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A -2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 144 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 156 -S .752 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(help)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 +(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866 +(Display helpful information about b)144 96 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 +F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help) +3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E +.307(help on all commands matching)144 108 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807 +(;o).24 G .307(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F .596(tures is printed.)144 120 R +(The)5.596 E F13.096 E F0 .596 +(option restricts the information displayed to a short usage synopsis.) +3.096 F(The)5.596 E(return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 132 +Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 148.8 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 160.8 Q(history \255d)108 172.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A +F1(history \255p)108 196.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 208.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +220.8 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F .752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G 1.23(been modi\214ed.)144 168 R 1.23(An ar)6.23 F 1.23(gument of)-.18 -F F2(n)4.09 E F0 1.231(lists only the last)3.97 F F2(n)4.091 E F0 3.731 -(lines. If)3.971 F 1.231(the shell v)3.731 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -(HISTTIME-)3.731 E(FORMA)144 180 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .25 +G 1.23(been modi\214ed.)144 232.8 R 1.23(An ar)6.23 F 1.23(gument of) +-.18 F F2(n)4.09 E F0 1.231(lists only the last)3.97 F F2(n)4.091 E F0 +3.731(lines. If)3.971 F 1.231(the shell v)3.731 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 +(HISTTIME-)3.731 E(FORMA)144 244.8 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .25 (is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.75 F F2 (strftime)2.749 E F0 .249(\(3\) to display the time stamp)B .378 -(associated with each displayed history entry)144 192 R 5.378(.N)-.65 G -2.878(oi)-5.378 G(nterv)-2.878 E .379 +(associated with each displayed history entry)144 256.8 R 5.378(.N)-.65 +G 2.878(oi)-5.378 G(nterv)-2.878 E .379 (ening blank is printed between the format-)-.15 F .815 -(ted time stamp and the history line.)144 204 R(If)5.814 E F2 +(ted time stamp and the history line.)144 268.8 R(If)5.814 E F2 (\214lename)3.314 E F0 .814 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history)3.314 F -(\214le; if not, the v)144 216 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(\214le; if not, the v)144 280.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 228 Q F0 +(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 292.8 Q F0 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F1144 -240 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) -180 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1144 264 Q F0 .598 +304.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position) +180 316.8 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1144 328.8 Q F0 .598 (Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598 (istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599 -(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 276 Q F0 -(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1144 288 Q F0 .854(Read \ -the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the cur\ -rent history list.)24.74 F .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 300 R +(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 340.8 Q F0 +(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1144 352.8 Q F0 .854(Rea\ +d the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the c\ +urrent history list.)24.74 F .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 364.8 R .773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 312 Q F1144 324 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ -\214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1144 -336 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.) --2.5 E F1144 348 Q F0 .626 +(sion.)180 376.8 Q F1144 388.8 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1 +144 400.8 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1144 412.8 Q F0 .626 (Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) 3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F -2.975(output. Does)180 360 R .475 +2.975(output. Does)180 424.8 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 372 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 384 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(normal history e)180 436.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 448.8 Q F0 +.363(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 396 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .28(If the)144 412.8 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.78 E(T)-.95 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 460.8 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .28(If the)144 477.6 R F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.78 E(T)-.95 E F0 .28 (is set, the time stamp information associated with each history entry) -2.78 F .54(is written to the history \214le, mark)144 424.8 R .539 +2.78 F .54(is written to the history \214le, mark)144 489.6 R .539 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.539(.W)-.55 G .539 -(hen the history \214le is)-5.539 F 1.778(read, lines be)144 436.8 R +(hen the history \214le is)-5.539 F 1.778(read, lines be)144 501.6 R 1.778(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.779 (wed immediately by a digit are)-.25 F 1.424 -(interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 448.8 R 1.424 +(interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 513.6 R 1.424 (vious history line.)-.25 F 1.424(The return v)6.424 F 1.424 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\ ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\ -, an in)144 460.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is) -3 E(supplied as an ar)144 472.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0 2.5 +, an in)144 525.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is) +3 E(supplied as an ar)144 537.6 Q(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0 2.5 (,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 -489.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 -E F1(jobs \255x)108 501.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs) --.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 513.6 Q .3 +554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 +E F1(jobs \255x)108 566.4 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs) +-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 578.4 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 525.6 Q F0 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 590.4 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1 -144 537.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5 -(sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 549.6 Q F0 +144 602.4 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5 +(sp)-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1144 614.4 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha)24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c) -.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F -(\214ed of their status.)180 561.6 Q F1144 573.6 Q F0 -(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1144 585.6 Q F0 -(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 602.4 Q F2(jobspec) +(\214ed of their status.)180 626.4 Q F1144 638.4 Q F0 +(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1144 650.4 Q F0 +(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 667.2 Q F2(jobspec) 4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) --.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 614.4 Q -.25 +-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 679.2 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 631.2 R F1 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 696 R F1 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) 3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 643.2 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) -2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -F1(kill)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 -2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 -(kill \255l)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 684 R F2 -(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2 -(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319 -(either a case-insensiti)144 696 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 708 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)2.5 E +(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(53)188.455 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 54 54 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(signum)2.5 +E F0(|)2.5 E F12.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 +E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 +E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119 +(Send the signal named by)144 108 R F2(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2 +(signum)2.959 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E +F0(or)3.39 E F2(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E +.319(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 +(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 (\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 708 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0 1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 720 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F +1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 144 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F F13.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F F13.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(53)185.115 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 54 54 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 84 R .28 -(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 96 Q .378 -(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF2.878 E F0 .378 +.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 R .28 +(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 168 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F1 +2.878 E F0 .378 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 108 R -F2(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 180 R +F1(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F .593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F -(occurs or an in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 -E F2(let)108 136.8 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Each)144 148.8 Q F1(ar)3.965 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.135 +(occurs or an in)144 192 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 +E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Each)144 220.8 Q F2(ar)3.965 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.135 (is an arithmetic e)3.855 F 1.134(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.134(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.134(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.634 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(\).)A F0 1.134(If the)5.634 F(last)144 160.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 --.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 189.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06 -(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06 -(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 201.6 Q 3.153(yo) --.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar) -3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652 +G 1.134(luated \(see).25 F F3 1.134(ARITHMETIC EV)3.634 F(ALU)-1.215 E +-.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 1.134(If the) +5.634 F(last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G +(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.) +2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name) +-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S +2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06 +(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned) +2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 +.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 273.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653 +(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W) +C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -213.6 Q F1(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861 +285.6 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861 (isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 225.6 Q F0 1.165 +(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 297.6 Q F0 1.165 (writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use) -6.165 F F2(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232 -(within a function.)144 237.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232 -F F2(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F --.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144 -249.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2 -(logout)108 266.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F2(popd)108 283.2 Q F0 -<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F1 -(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 295.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se).15 G .3 +6.165 F F1(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232 +(within a function.)144 309.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232 +F F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144 +321.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 +(logout)108 338.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(popd)108 355.2 Q F0 +<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2 +(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 367.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se).15 G .3 (ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299 (he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -307.2 R F2(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +379.2 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 319.2 Q F2144 331.2 Q F0 .551 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 391.2 Q F1144 403.2 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 343.2 Q F2(+)144 355.2 Q F1(n)A -F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E F0 +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 415.2 Q F1(+)144 427.2 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F -F2(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -367.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 +439.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F5(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2144 379.2 Q F1(n)A F0 -(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F1(n)3.76 E F0 +-.65 E F5(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1144 451.2 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) --.25 F F2(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 391.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F5(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 463.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F5(popd -0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F5(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 -408 R F2(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F2(dirs) +480 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs) 3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 -F F2(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 420 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F +F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 492 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 (lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 432 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F2(printf)108 448.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F1(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372 -(Write the formatted)144 460.8 R F1(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372 -(to the standard output under the control of the)2.872 F F1(format)2.872 -E F0 5.372(.T)C(he)-5.372 E F1(format)2.872 E F0 1.804(is a character s\ +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 504 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 520.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372 +(Write the formatted)144 532.8 R F2(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372 +(to the standard output under the control of the)2.872 F F2(format)2.872 +E F0 5.372(.T)C(he)-5.372 E F2(format)2.872 E F0 1.804(is a character s\ tring which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which ar\ -e simply)144 472.8 R .158 +e simply)144 544.8 R .158 (copied to standard output, character escape sequences, which are con) -144 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .159(rted and copied to the stan-).15 F .499(\ +144 556.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .159(rted and copied to the stan-).15 F .499(\ dard output, and format speci\214cations, each of which causes printing\ - of the ne)144 496.8 R .499(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(ar) -3.149 E(gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 508.8 Q F0 5.423(.I)C 2.923(na)-5.423 G .423 -(ddition to the standard)-2.923 F F1(printf)2.923 E F0 .424 -(\(1\) formats,)B F2(%b)2.924 E F0(causes)2.924 E F2(printf)2.924 E F0 + of the ne)144 568.8 R .499(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar) +3.149 E(gu-)-.37 E(ment)144 580.8 Q F0 5.423(.I)C 2.923(na)-5.423 G .423 +(ddition to the standard)-2.923 F F2(printf)2.923 E F0 .424 +(\(1\) formats,)B F1(%b)2.924 E F0(causes)2.924 E F1(printf)2.924 E F0 .424(to e)2.924 F .424(xpand backslash escape)-.15 F .977 -(sequences in the corresponding)144 520.8 R F1(ar)3.476 E(gument)-.37 E -F0(\(e)3.476 E .976(xcept that)-.15 F F2(\\c)3.476 E F0 .976 -(terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F2<5c08>3.476 E F0(,)A F2 -(\\")3.476 E F0(,)A(and)144 532.8 Q F2(\\?)3.421 E F0 .921(are not remo) +(sequences in the corresponding)144 592.8 R F2(ar)3.476 E(gument)-.37 E +F0(\(e)3.476 E .976(xcept that)-.15 F F1(\\c)3.476 E F0 .976 +(terminates output, backslashes in)3.476 F F1<5c08>3.476 E F0(,)A F1 +(\\")3.476 E F0(,)A(and)144 604.8 Q F1(\\?)3.421 E F0 .921(are not remo) 3.421 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .922(d, and octal escapes be).15 F .922 -(ginning with)-.15 F F2(\\0)3.422 E F0 .922 -(may contain up to four digits\), and)3.422 F F2(%q)144 544.8 Q F0 -(causes)3.631 E F2(printf)3.631 E F0 1.131(to output the corresponding) -3.631 F F1(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.13 -(in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 556.8 Q(The) -144 580.8 Q F22.903 E F0 .404 +(ginning with)-.15 F F1(\\0)3.422 E F0 .922 +(may contain up to four digits\), and)3.422 F F1(%q)144 616.8 Q F0 +(causes)3.631 E F1(printf)3.631 E F0 1.131(to output the corresponding) +3.631 F F2(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.13 +(in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 628.8 Q(The) +144 652.8 Q F12.903 E F0 .404 (option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.903 F(ariable)-.25 E -F1(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F -(standard output.)144 592.8 Q(The)144 616.8 Q F1(format)3.424 E F0 .923 -(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F1(ar)3.423 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format) -3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F1(ar)144 628.8 Q(guments)-.37 E +F2(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F +(standard output.)144 664.8 Q(The)144 688.8 Q F2(format)3.424 E F0 .923 +(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 700.8 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 640.8 Q(The return v)5 E -(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(pushd) -108 657.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C --2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 669.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2A F0 -2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ -rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 681.6 R 3.139(wt) --.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 693.6 R -1.315(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F -1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G -1.316(irectories and)-3.816 F .872 -(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 705.6 R 5.871(.A) --.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 717.6 Q -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(54)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 712.8 Q(The return v)5 E +(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(54)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the norma\ -l change of directory when adding directories to the stack, so that) -24.74 F(only the stack is manipulated.)180 96 Q F1(+)144 108 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2 -(n)3.768 E F0 1.267 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5 +(][)C(+)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)C-2.5 E F2(n)A +F0(])A F1(pushd)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E +F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotat\ +es the stack, making the ne)144 108 R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the) +-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 120 R 1.315(orking directory)-.1 +F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F 1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316 +(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G 1.316(irectories and)-3.816 F +.872(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 132 R 5.871(.A) +-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 144 Q +F1144 156 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory whe\ +n adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F +(only the stack is manipulated.)180 168 Q F1(+)144 180 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268 +(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.768 E F0 1.267 (th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)180 120 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F1144 132 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 +-.25 F F1(dirs)180 192 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F1144 204 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 144 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F2(dir)144.35 156 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0 +F F1(dirs)180 216 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 +E F2(dir)144.35 228 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25 -G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .489(If the)144 172.8 +G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .489(If the)144 244.8 R F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs) 2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488 (If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039 -(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 184.8 R F2(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G +(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 256.8 R F2(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 -1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 196.8 +1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 268.8 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent directory stack element i\ s speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 -208.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 -225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 237.6 R .845 +280.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 +297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 309.6 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 -249.6 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 +321.6 R F12.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 (set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 -(enabled. If)144 261.6 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 +(enabled. If)144 333.6 R(the)3.263 E F13.263 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 273.6 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 285.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 302.4 S + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 345.6 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 357.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 374.4 S (ad).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ers)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(aname) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E (ompt)-.45 E F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(timeout)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .516(\ One line is read from the standard input, or from the \214le descriptor) -144 314.4 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517 -(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 326.4 Q F12.539 E F0 .039 +144 386.4 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517 +(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 398.4 Q F12.539 E F0 .039 (option, and the \214rst w)2.539 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst) -.1 F F2(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G .038(he second w)-2.538 F .038 (ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E F0(,).18 E .42 -(and so on, with lefto)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42 +(and so on, with lefto)144 410.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42 (ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42 (ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I) -.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 350.4 R .541(wer w) +.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 422.4 R .541(wer w) -.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\ -ames are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 362.4 S 2.51(lues. The).25 F +ames are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 434.4 S 2.51(lues. The).25 F .011(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011 (are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011 (backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.511(\)m)C(ay)-2.511 E 1.891 -(be used to remo)144 374.4 R 2.191 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.191 -.15(ny s).15 +(be used to remo)144 446.4 R 2.191 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.191 -.15(ny s).15 H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.89 (xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F -(Options, if supplied, ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 398.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 -(The w)180 410.4 R 1.049 +(Options, if supplied, ha)144 458.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 470.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 +(The w)180 482.4 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) -.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 -(aname)180.33 422.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(aname)180.33 494.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 (ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 -E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 434.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 -(The \214rst character of)180 446.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1144 506.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +(The \214rst character of)180 518.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F1144 458.4 Q F0 .373 +F1144 530.4 Q F0 .373 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re) 2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E -(to obtain the line.)180 470.4 Q F1144 482.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) --.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 494.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394 +(to obtain the line.)180 542.4 Q F1144 554.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har) +-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 566.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394 (returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 (characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of) --.1 F(input.)180 506.4 Q F1144 518.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -(Display)180 530.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +-.1 F(input.)180 578.4 Q F1144 590.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +(Display)180 602.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 (on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) --3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 542.4 Q +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 614.4 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -144 554.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +144 626.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) 25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F(the line.)180 566.4 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +-5.543 F(the line.)180 638.4 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) --.25 E F1144 578.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E +-.25 E F1144 650.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -144 590.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 602.4 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 +144 662.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 674.4 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048 (ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout) -180 614.4 Q F0 2.92(seconds. This)2.92 F .42(option has no ef)2.92 F .42 +180 686.4 Q F0 2.92(seconds. This)2.92 F .42(option has no ef)2.92 F .42 (fect if)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)2.92 G(ad).18 E F0 .42 -(is not reading input from the terminal)2.92 F(or a pipe.)180 626.4 Q F1 -144 638.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 -E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 655.2 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192 +(is not reading input from the terminal)2.92 F(or a pipe.)180 698.4 Q F1 +144 710.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 +E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 727.2 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192 (are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191 -(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.217 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 667.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.717 G(ad) -.18 E F0 1.217(times out, or an in)3.717 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.218 -(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the).25 F(ar)144 679.2 Q -(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 696 S(adonly).18 E -F0([)2.5 E F1(\255apf)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 -E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F -.77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 720 R -1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q -(2007 September 14)135.125 E(55)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(The return code is zero,)4.691 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5) +138.465 E(55)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(mark)144 84 Q 2.873(ed. The)-.1 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -2.873 E F0 .373(option restricts the v)2.873 F .372(ariables to arrays.) --.25 F .372(If no)5.372 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.232 E F0(ar) +-.35 E 1.217(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 84 R/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.717 G(ad).18 E F0 1.217(times out, or an in) +3.717 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.218(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the).25 +F(ar)144 96 Q(gument to)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 112.8 +S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255apf)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77 +(The gi)144 124.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77 +(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F +F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096 +(quent assignment.)144 136.8 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F13.596 E F0 +1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 148.8 Q 2.873(ed. The) +-.1 F F12.873 E F0 .373(option restricts the v)2.873 F .372 +(ariables to arrays.)-.25 F .372(If no)5.372 F F2(name)3.232 E F0(ar) 3.052 E .372(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .372(n, or if the).15 -F F1144 96 Q F0 .796 +F F1144 160.8 Q F0 .796 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.296 F (The)5.796 E F13.296 E F0 .796(option causes output to be)3.296 F -.828(displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 108 R .828 +.828(displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 172.8 R .828 (If a v)5.828 F .828(ariable name is follo)-.25 F .827(wed by =)-.25 F -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.327(,t)C(he)-3.327 E -.25(va)144 120 S .404 +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.327(,t)C(he)-3.327 E -.25(va)144 184.8 S .404 (lue of the v).25 F .404(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.904 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.404(.T)C .405(he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.404 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .405(lid option is encountered,).25 F 1.07(one of the)144 132 -R F2(names)3.929 E F0 1.069(is not a v)3.839 F 1.069(alid shell v)-.25 F -1.069(ariable name, or)-.25 F F13.569 E F0 1.069 +(va)-.4 G .405(lid option is encountered,).25 F 1.07(one of the)144 +196.8 R F2(names)3.929 E F0 1.069(is not a v)3.839 F 1.069(alid shell v) +-.25 F 1.069(ariable name, or)-.25 F F13.569 E F0 1.069 (is supplied with a)3.569 F F2(name)3.929 E F0 1.069(that is not a)3.749 -F(function.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 160.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 -E F2(n)A F0(])A .586(Causes a function to e)144 172.8 R .587 +F(function.)144 208.8 Q F1 -.18(re)108 225.6 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .586(Causes a function to e)144 237.6 R .587 (xit with the return v)-.15 F .587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .587 (is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335 -(that of the last command e)144 184.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 +(that of the last command e)144 249.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335 (cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G 1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe) -144 196.8 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() +144 261.6 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\() 5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794 (ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795 -(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 208.8 R F2(n)3.106 +(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 273.6 R F2(n)3.106 E F0 .246(or the e)2.986 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .245 -(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 220.8 R .082 +(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 285.6 R .082 (If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082 (cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.582(,t).833 G .082 -(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 232.8 R 4.806(alse. An)-.1 F +(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 297.6 R 4.806(alse. An)-.1 F 4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 F F1(RETURN) 4.805 E F0 2.305(trap is e)4.805 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.305(cuted before e) .15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.) -144 244.8 Q F1(set)108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +144 309.6 Q F1(set)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 -E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 273.6 Q F0 +E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 338.4 Q F0 ([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 285.6 S +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 350.4 S .835(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 297.6 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 362.4 R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 309.6 R F2 .447(posix mode) +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 374.4 R F2 .447(posix mode) 2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 (The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531 -(locale. When)144 321.6 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F +(locale. When)144 386.4 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) -.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F .202 -(after the options are processed are treated as v)144 333.6 R .202 +(after the options are processed are treated as v)144 398.4 R .202 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned,)-.25 F(in order) -144 345.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +144 410.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 357.6 Q +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1144 422.4 Q F0 .54(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539 (ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F -.539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 369.6 Q -(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 381.6 Q F0 .131 +.539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 434.4 Q +(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1144 446.4 Q F0 .131 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F 2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 393.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 405.6 Q F0 +(primary prompt.)184 458.4 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1144 470.4 Q F0 1.694(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2 1.693(simple command)4.193 F F0 (\(see)4.193 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.693(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.193 F F0(abo) 3.943 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.193(\)e).15 G 1.693(xits with a)-4.343 F .011 -(non-zero status.)184 417.6 R .011(The shell does not e)5.011 F .011 +(non-zero status.)184 482.4 R .011(The shell does not e)5.011 F .011 (xit if the command that f)-.15 F .012(ails is part of the command)-.1 F -.719(list immediately follo)184 429.6 R .719(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) +.719(list immediately follo)184 494.4 R .719(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) 3.219 E F0(or)3.219 E F1(until)3.219 E F0 -.1(ke)3.219 G(yw)-.05 E .719 (ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)3.218 E F0(statement,)3.218 E -1.163(part of a)184 441.6 R F1(&&)3.664 E F0(or)3.664 E/F4 10/Symbol SF -3.664 E F0 1.164(list, an)3.664 F 3.664(yc)-.15 G 1.164 -(ommand in a pipeline b)-3.664 F 1.164(ut the last, or if the command') --.2 F(s)-.55 E .152(return v)184 453.6 R .152(alue is being in)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.4 G .152(rted via).15 F F1(!)2.652 E F0 5.152(.F)C .152 -(ailing simple commands that are part of shell func-)-5.302 F .251(tion\ -s or command lists enclosed in braces or parentheses satisfying the abo) -184 465.6 R .551 -.15(ve c)-.15 H(onditions).15 E -(do not cause the shell to e)184 477.6 Q 2.5(xit. A)-.15 F(trap on)2.5 E -F1(ERR)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(et, is e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1144 489.6 Q F0 -(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1144 501.6 Q F0 -2.239(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G -2.238(re look)-4.738 F 2.238(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.738 -(cution. This).15 F(is)4.738 E(enabled by def)184 513.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -144 525.6 Q F0 .513(All ar)28.74 F .514 +.378(part of a command e)184 506.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .379(cuted in a).15 +F F1(&&)2.879 E F0(or)2.879 E/F4 10/Symbol SF2.879 E F0 .379 +(list, an)2.879 F 2.879(yc)-.15 G .379(ommand in a pipeline b)-2.879 F +.379(ut the last,)-.2 F .578(or if the command')184 518.4 R 3.078(sr) +-.55 G .578(eturn v)-3.078 F .578(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G +.578(rted via).15 F F1(!)3.078 E F0 5.578(.F)C .577 +(ailing simple commands that)-5.728 F .402(are part of shell functions \ +or command lists enclosed in braces or parentheses satisfying)184 530.4 +R .841(the abo)184 542.4 R 1.141 -.15(ve c)-.15 H .841 +(onditions do not cause the shell to e).15 F 3.341(xit. A)-.15 F .84 +(trap on)3.34 F F1(ERR)3.34 E F0 3.34(,i)C 3.34(fs)-3.34 G .84(et, is e) +-3.34 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(before the shell e)184 554.4 Q(xits.) +-.15 E F1144 566.4 Q F0(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 +E F1144 578.4 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the) +28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 +590.4 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 602.4 Q F0 .514(All ar)28.74 F .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 -F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 537.6 Q F1 -144 549.6 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .149 -(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F -.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .636 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 561.6 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). Background).15 F .637 -(processes run in a)3.136 F .642 -(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 573.6 R .641 -(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 585.6 Q F1 -144 597.6 Q F0 .652(Read commands b)28.74 F .652(ut do not e)-.2 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .652(cute them.).15 F .653 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184 -609.6 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 -E F1144 621.6 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 633.6 Q F2 -(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 -(allexport)184 645.6 Q F0(Same as)224 657.6 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(braceexpand)184 669.6 Q F0(Same as)224 681.6 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(emacs)184 693.6 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This) --.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G -.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting) -3.45 E F0(option.)224 717.6 Q(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14) -135.125 E(56)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 614.4 Q F1 +144 626.4 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .148 +(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F +.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .637 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 638.4 R F3 .636(JOB CONTR)3.136 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.886 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.136(\). Background).15 F .636 +(processes run in a)3.136 F .641 +(separate process group and a line containing their e)184 650.4 R .642 +(xit status is printed upon their com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 662.4 Q F1 +144 674.4 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)28.74 F .653(ut do not e)-.2 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 +(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 +686.4 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 +E F1144 698.4 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 710.4 Q F2 +(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(56)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(errtrace)184 84 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)184 96 Q F0(Same as)224 108 Q F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 120 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F12.5 -E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 132 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 144 Q F0(Same as)224 156 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 168 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(allexport)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs)184 132 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This) +-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 +(when the shell is interacti)224 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 +(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E +F0(option.)224 156 Q F1(errtrace)184 168 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F12.5 +E F0(.)A F1(functrace)184 180 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F12.5 E F0(.) +A F1(err)184 204 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F12.5 E F0(.)A +F1(hashall)184 216 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 252 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) .15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 180 Q +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 264 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -192 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 204 R 1.656 +276 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 288 R 1.657 (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -216 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 228 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 252 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 264 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 276 Q F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 288 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(noglob)184 300 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)5 E F0 -(Currently ignored.)2.5 E F1(notify)184 312 Q F0(Same as)15 E F1 -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 324 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F12.5 E F0(.)A -F1(onecmd)184 336 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 348 +4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +300 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 312 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 324 Q F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 336 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 348 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 360 Q F12.5 E +F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 372 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(noglob)184 384 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)5 E F0 +(Currently ignored.)2.5 E F1(notify)184 396 Q F0(Same as)15 E F1 +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 408 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F12.5 E F0(.)A +F1(onecmd)184 420 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 432 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 -360 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 -(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 372 R +444 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029 +(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 456 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 384 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 396 Q F0 -2.091(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 468 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 480 Q F0 +2.09(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 -(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 408 Q -/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 420 Q(vileged) --.1 E F0(Same as)224 432 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 444 S -(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 456 Q F0 +(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 492 Q +/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 504 Q(vileged) +-.1 E F0(Same as)224 516 Q F12.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 528 S +(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 540 Q F0 (Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 E(ace.)-.1 E F1 -(xtrace)184 468 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 486 Q -F13.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F5(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -498 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F5(option\255name)3.572 E F0 -3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 -(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 510 Q F1 -144 522 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.821 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +(xtrace)184 552 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F12.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 570 Q +F13.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F5(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 +582 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 +(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 594 Q F1 +144 606 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.705 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 534 R 1.705 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.205 E F0 -.25(va)184 546 S .018 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 618 R 1.705 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.206 E F0 -.25(va)184 630 S .019 (riable, if it appears in the en).25 F .019(vironment, is ignored.)-.4 F -.019(If the shell is started with the ef)5.019 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 558 -Q 1.159 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .859 +.018(If the shell is started with the ef)5.019 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 642 +Q 1.158 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .859 (ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user \(group\) id, and the).15 F -F13.359 E F0 .858(option is not sup-)3.359 F .293 -(plied, these actions are tak)184 570 R .293(en and the ef)-.1 F(fecti) +F13.359 E F0 .859(option is not sup-)3.359 F .294 +(plied, these actions are tak)184 654 R .293(en and the ef)-.1 F(fecti) -.25 E .593 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .293(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 -F .294(If the)5.294 F F12.794 E F0 1.196 -(option is supplied at startup, the ef)184 582 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.495 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H 1.195(ser id is not reset.).15 F -.45(Tu)6.195 G 1.195 -(rning this option of).45 F(f)-.25 E(causes the ef)184 594 Q(fecti)-.25 +F .293(If the)5.293 F F12.793 E F0 1.195 +(option is supplied at startup, the ef)184 666 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.495 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H 1.195(ser id is not reset.).15 F -.45(Tu)6.196 G 1.196 +(rning this option of).45 F(f)-.25 E(causes the ef)184 678 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H (ser and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.).15 E F1 -144 606 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 618 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .444 +144 690 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 702 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .445 (eat unset v).35 F .444 (ariables as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 F 2.944 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.945 G .445(pansion is).15 F .52 -(attempted on an unset v)184 630 R .519 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.944 G .444(pansion is).15 F .519 +(attempted on an unset v)184 714 R .519 (ariable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-.25 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E -.15(ex)184 642 S(its with a non-zero status.) -.15 E F1144 654 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya) --.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 666 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315 -(xpanding each)-.15 F F5 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo) -2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E -F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 678 R F1 --.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)3.736 E F3(,)A F0(follo) -3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 690 Q -(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -144 702 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578 -(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 714 Q -(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(57) -185.115 E 0 Cg EP +F -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E -.15(ex)184 726 S(its with a non-zero status.) +.15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(57)188.455 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1 -(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 +(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1 +144 96 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G +(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1 +(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 108 R F1 +-.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E +/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F +(mand and its e)184 120 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 +E(ord list.)-.1 E F1144 132 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e) +27.63 F 2.578(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0 +(abo)5.078 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F +(def)184 144 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1144 156 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1 +(bash)2.713 E F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214 (rwrite an e).15 F .214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0 -(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213 -(redirection opera-)2.713 F 3.053(tors. This)184 96 R .553(may be o) +(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214 +(redirection opera-)2.714 F 3.054(tors. This)184 168 R .553(may be o) 3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 108 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -144 120 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on) --2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 132 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 -F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 144 Q F1 -144 156 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 -(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 168 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 180 Q F0 1.164 +.15 F(tor)184 180 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +144 192 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on) +-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 +F .839(mands e)184 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 216 Q F1 +144 228 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 240 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 252 Q F0 1.165 (If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 192 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 204 R(def)2.685 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.164 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821 +(that change the current w)184 264 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 276 R(def)2.686 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 216 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 -228 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 288 Q(.)-.65 E F1144 +300 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 240 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 252 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 264 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 324 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 336 Q +F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 276 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) -.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E -F0(.)A F1144 288 Q F0 1.944 -(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g) --.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945 -(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 300 R F1 -3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 312 Q .425(The options are of)144 -328.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 348 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G +(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1144 +360 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2 +(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G +1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 372 R +F13.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 384 Q .425(The options are of)144 +400.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 340.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 +(to be turned of)144 412.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 352.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 424.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 364.8 Q F1(shift)108 381.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 393.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 405.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 417.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 436.8 Q F1(shift)108 453.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 465.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 477.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 489.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 429.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 441.6 Q F1(shopt)108 458.4 Q F0([) +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 501.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 +.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 513.6 Q F1(shopt)108 530.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 470.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 542.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222 (alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1 2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\ -ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 482.4 R(The) -144 494.4 Q F12.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ -d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options) -5.327 F(ha)144 506.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) --.25 E F1144 518.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 -E F0(.)A F1144 530.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 -(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 542.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ +ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 554.4 R(The) +144 566.4 Q F12.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\ +d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options) +5.328 F(ha)144 578.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:) +-.25 E F1144 590.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 +E F0(.)A F1144 602.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 614.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\ put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2 -(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 554.4 R .256 -(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256 +(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 626.4 R .255 +(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1 -2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F -(all)180 566.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) -2.5 E F1144 578.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2 +2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F +(all)180 638.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.) +2.5 E F1144 650.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2 (optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0 -(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127 -(If either)144 595.2 R F12.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F12.627 E F0 +(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .128 +(If either)144 667.2 R F12.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F12.628 E F0 .127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127 -(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024 -(are set or unset, respecti)144 607.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024 -(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0 -1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 619.2 Q(ault.) +(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.023 +(are set or unset, respecti)144 679.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.023 +(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.023 F F1(shopt)3.524 E F0 +1.024(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 691.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -636 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.045 F .696 +708 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.044 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 648 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 660 Q(The list of)144 676.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 694.8 Q F0 .199 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 706.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F -(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(58)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +144 720 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) +-.25 F(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(58)188.455 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cdable_v)144 84 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156 -(If set, an ar)184 96 R .156(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.656 G .155 +-.35 E(option.)144 84 Q(The list of)144 100.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 118.8 Q F0 .2 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 130.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E +F1(cdable_v)144 142.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 154.8 R .155 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 108 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 120 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 166.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 178.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a) -10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 132 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 144 R 4.352 -.65(y. I) --.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 +10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 +(corrected. The)184 190.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 202.8 R 4.352 -.65 +(y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552 (orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F -(the command proceeds.)184 156 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 168 Q F0 2.08 -(If set,)184 180 R F1(bash)4.58 E F0 2.079 -(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079 -(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 192 S(cute it.).15 E +(the command proceeds.)184 214.8 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(checkhash)144 226.8 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 238.8 R F1(bash) +4.579 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F +2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 250.8 S(cute it.).15 E (If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 204 Q -F0 .56(If set, bash lists the status of an)184 216 R 3.061(ys)-.15 G -.561(topped and running jobs before e)-3.061 F .561(xiting an interacti) --.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 228 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 -G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 1.456 -(attempted without an interv)184 240 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15 F -F1 1.456(JOB CONTR)3.956 F(OL)-.3 E F0(abo)3.956 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.956 -(\). The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(al)184 252 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 -E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1 -(checkwinsize)144 264 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 -.797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G .796 -(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G .796 -(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 288 S(lues of).25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 262.8 +Q F0 .561(If set, bash lists the status of an)184 274.8 R 3.061(ys)-.15 +G .56(topped and running jobs before e)-3.061 F .56(xiting an interacti) +-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 286.8 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj) +-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 1.456 +(attempted without an interv)184 298.8 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15 +F F1 1.456(JOB CONTR)3.956 F(OL)-.3 E F0(abo)3.956 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.956(\). The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(al)184 310.8 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.) +-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 322.8 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 334.8 R F1(bash) +3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G .797 +(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G .797 +(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 346.8 S(lues of).25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(cmdhist)144 300 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 +F1(cmdhist)144 358.8 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 (attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -312 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(dotglob)144 324 Q -F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165(includes \214lenames be) -2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G -.165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 -336 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 348 Q +370.8 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(dotglob)144 382.8 +Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) +-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 394.8 Q F0 1.387 +(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386 +(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 406.8 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 360 Q F0 -.717(If set, aliases are e)184 372 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 -F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 .716 -(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 384 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 396 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 -(If set, beha)184 408 Q(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 420 Q F0(The)28.5 E F14.25 E -F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 -G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 432 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 444 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5 -F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 456 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 468 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 480 S .488 +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 418.8 Q +F0 .716(If set, aliases are e)184 430.8 R .717(xpanded as described abo) +-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(ALIASES)3.217 E F3(.)A F0 +.717(This option is enabled)5.217 F(by def)184 442.8 Q +(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(extdeb)144 +454.8 Q(ug)-.2 E F0(If set, beha)184 466.8 Q +(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 +478.8 Q F0(The)28.5 E F14.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1 +(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751 +(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 490.8 +Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 502.8 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the) +28.5 F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 +F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 +514.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 526.8 Q F0 .841 +(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +(exe)220 538.8 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 492 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 +(sour)220 550.8 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1 26(4. B)184 -504 R(ASH_ARGC)-.3 E F0(and)3.775 E F1 -.3(BA)3.775 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 -1.276(are updated as described in their descrip-)3.775 F(tions abo)220 -516 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 528 Q F0 1.359 +562.8 R(ASH_ARGC)-.3 E F0(and)3.776 E F1 -.3(BA)3.776 G(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 +1.275(are updated as described in their descrip-)3.776 F(tions abo)220 +574.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 586.8 Q F0 1.359 (Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359 (command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220 -540 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1 +598.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1 (DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.) -184 552 Q F0 .804(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .805 -(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.804 F(in)220 564 -Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4 +184 610.8 Q F0 .805(Error tracing is enabled:)28.5 F .804 +(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.805 F(in)220 +622.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4 (command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E(OR)-.3 E F0 -(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 576 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 +(trap.)2.5 E F1(extglob)144 634.8 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)8.89 F .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 588 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 600 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 612 R -F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 -E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) --4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 624 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 636 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 648 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 660 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.585(If set, the suf)184 672 R<8c78>-.25 E .585(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F F1(FIGNORE)3.085 E F0 .585(shell v)3.085 F .585(ariable cause w) --.25 F .585(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 684 R .32 -(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 -(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.329 -(pletions. See)184 696 R F2 .829(SHELL V)3.329 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)3.079 E 1.129 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .83(or a description of).15 F F1 -(FIGNORE)3.33 E F0 5.83(.T)C .83(his option)-5.83 F(is enabled by def) -184 708 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E -(59)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 646.8 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 658.8 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 670.8 +R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($) +4.973 E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473 +(uoting is performed within)-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 +E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.) +184 682.8 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob) +144 694.8 Q F0 1.424(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 706.8 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(59)188.455 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(gnu_errfmt)144 84 Q F0(If set, shell error\ - messages are written in the standard GNU error message format.)184 96 Q -F1(histappend)144 108 Q F0 .384 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(fo)144 84 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor) +.18 E(e)-.18 E F0 .585(If set, the suf)184 96 R<8c78>-.25 E .585 +(es speci\214ed by the)-.15 F F1(FIGNORE)3.085 E F0 .585(shell v)3.085 F +.585(ariable cause w)-.25 F .585(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 +(when performing w)184 108 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 +(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 3.33(pletions. See)184 120 R/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF .83(SHELL V)3.33 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)3.08 E 1.13 +-.15(ve f)-.15 H .829(or a description of).15 F F1(FIGNORE)3.329 E F0 +5.829(.T)C .829(his option)-5.829 F(is enabled by def)184 132 Q(ault.) +-.1 E F1(gnu_errfmt)144 144 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 156 Q F1(histappend)144 +168 Q F0 .383 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -120 R .383(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE)2.883 E F0 -.25(va)2.883 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 132 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 144 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .575(If set, and)184 156 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 168 Q F1(histv)144 180 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 -(If set, and)184 192 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +180 R .384(alue of the)-.25 F F1(HISTFILE)2.884 E F0 -.25(va)2.884 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 192 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 204 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .576(If set, and)184 216 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 228 Q F1(histv)144 240 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 +(If set, and)184 252 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 204 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 216 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 264 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 276 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 228 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 240 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -252 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.5(\). 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This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 336 Q F0(If set,) +184 348 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(interacti)144 360 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 +.33(If set, allo)184 372 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 +(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 384 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 396 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lithist)144 408 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F F1 +(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa) +3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history) +-3.155 F(with embedded ne)184 420 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 372 Q F0 .486 +(login_shell)144 432 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -384 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 396 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 408 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 -420 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 432 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +444 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 456 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 468 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 +480 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +-.1(wa)184 492 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 (has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 -(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 444 Q F0 .145(If set, and)184 456 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.645 G(adline).18 E F0 .145(is being used,)2.645 F F1(bash)2.646 E -F0 .146(will not attempt to search the)2.646 F F1 -.74(PA)2.646 G(TH) --.21 E F0 .146(for possible)2.646 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 468 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 480 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 492 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 504 S +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 504 Q F0 .146(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.646 G(adline).18 E F0 .146(is being used,)2.646 F F1(bash)2.646 E +F0 .145(will not attempt to search the)2.646 F F1 -.74(PA)2.645 G(TH) +-.21 E F0 .145(for possible)2.645 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 528 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 540 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 552 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 564 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 516 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -528 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F(while e)184 540 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 -E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 552 Q F0 -.855(If set,)184 564 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855 -(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854 -(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354(\)t).15 G(o) --3.354 E -.15(ex)184 576 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) -.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 588 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676 -(If set, the programmable completion f)184 600 R .677(acilities \(see) --.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 612 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 624 Q(omptv) --.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)184 636 R 1.448 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) --.15 F -.15(ex)184 648 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 576 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 +588 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 +F(while e)184 600 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 +E F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional commands.)2.5 E F1(nullglob)144 612 Q F0 +.854(If set,)184 624 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)3.354 E .855 +(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855 +(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o) +-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 636 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) +.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 648 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677 +(If set, the programmable completion f)184 660 R .677(acilities \(see) +-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 672 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 684 Q(omptv) +-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 696 R 1.448 +(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) +-.15 F -.15(ex)184 708 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) --.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 -E(This option is enabled by def)184 660 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 672 -S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 -(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 684 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 696 Q 4.178 -(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F -1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe) -184 708 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(60)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 F F2(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 720 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 +Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(60)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shift_v)144 84 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502 -(If set, the)184 96 R F1(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 108 Q F1(sour) -144 120 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 132 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) --.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F -.771(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -.771(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 144 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 156 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 168 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E -(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 180 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A .493(Suspend the e)144 192 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .493(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.992(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 2.992(signal. The)2.742 F F12.992 E -F0 .492(option says not to)2.992 F .758 -(complain if this is a login shell; just suspend an)144 204 R(yw)-.15 E -(ay)-.1 E 5.758(.T)-.65 G .759 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)144 84 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 +1.069 +(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) +184 96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 +108 Q 4.178(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678 +(lue may not be changed.).25 F 1.678 +(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe)184 120 +S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E F1 +(shift_v)144 132 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 144 R F1(shift) +3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 156 Q F1(sour) +144 168 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 180 R F1(sour)3.271 E +(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) +-3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) +184 192 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) +-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 204 Q F0(If set, the)184 216 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 +E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 228 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0(])A .492 +(Suspend the e)144 240 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492 +(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.992(sa).15 G +F2(SIGCONT).001 E F0 2.993(signal. The)2.743 F F12.993 E F0 .493 +(option says not to)2.993 F .759 +(complain if this is a login shell; just suspend an)144 252 R(yw)-.15 E +(ay)-.1 E 5.758(.T)-.65 G .758 (he return status is 0 unless the shell is a)-5.758 F(login shell and) -144 216 Q F12.5 E F0 +144 264 Q F12.5 E F0 (is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1(test)108 -228 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 240 Q F3 -.2 +276 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 288 Q F3 -.2 (ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 1.15 (Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)6.77 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.15 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)3.65 G -(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.187 -(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 252 R 3.688 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.188(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F -1.89(described abo)144 264 R 2.19 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)4.39 E 1.89(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F1(test)6.39 E F0 1.889(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.389(yo)-.15 G 1.889 -(ptions, nor)-4.389 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 276 Q +(pr).2 E F0 6.15(.E).73 G(ach)-6.15 E 1.188 +(operator and operand must be a separate ar)144 300 R 3.688 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F 1.187(are composed of the primaries)3.688 F +1.889(described abo)144 312 R 2.189 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)4.389 E 1.889(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)6.389 E F0 1.89(does not accept an)4.389 F 4.39(yo)-.15 G 1.89 +(ptions, nor)-4.39 F(does it accept and ignore an ar)144 324 Q (gument of)-.18 E F12.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 -E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 294 R .786 +E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 342 R .785 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5 -(dence. The)144 306 R -.25(eva)2.5 G +(dence. The)144 354 R -.25(eva)2.5 G (luation depends on the number of ar).25 E(guments; see belo)-.18 E -.65 -(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 318 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G +(w.)-.25 G F1(!)144 366 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G (ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\() -144 330 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 +144 378 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26(Returns the v)6.77 F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26 (his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 342 Q F3 -.2(ex) -144 354 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)180 366 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 --.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 378 S(pr1).2 E -F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 390 S +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 390 Q F3 -.2(ex) +144 402 S(pr1).2 E F02.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)180 414 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F3 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 426 S(pr1).2 E +F02.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 438 S (ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 406.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E +(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 454.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 424.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 436.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 448.8 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 460.8 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 472.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 484.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 496.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 508.8 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 472.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 484.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 520.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 532.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 496.8 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 508.8 Q .552 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 544.8 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 556.8 Q .553 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 520.8 Q +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 568.8 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 532.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .024(If the second ar)180 544.8 R .023 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 580.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 592.8 R .023 (gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F -.323 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.523 E(DITION)180 556.8 Q -1.477(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F +.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 604.8 Q +1.478(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F 1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513 -(using the \214rst and third ar)180 568.8 R .513(guments as operands.) +(using the \214rst and third ar)180 616.8 R .513(guments as operands.) -.18 F(The)5.513 E F13.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F13.013 E F0 -.512(operators are considered)3.013 F .972 -(binary operators when there are three ar)180 580.8 R 3.472(guments. If) +.513(operators are considered)3.013 F .972 +(binary operators when there are three ar)180 628.8 R 3.472(guments. If) -.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.472 E F0 -3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .884(the ne)180 592.8 -R -.05(ga)-.15 G .884(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 -(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.383(guments. If)-.18 -F .883(the \214rst)3.383 F(ar)180 604.8 Q .874(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.374 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.374 F .875 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.375(,t)C .875 -(he result is the one-ar)-3.375 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar) -180 616.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f) --.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 628.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385 -(If the \214rst ar)180 640.8 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 -2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384 -(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-) --.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 652.8 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 +3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 640.8 +R -.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884 +(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.384(guments. If)-.18 +F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 652.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F +(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874 +(he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar) +180 664.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f) +-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 676.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384 +(If the \214rst ar)180 688.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 +2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385 +(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-) +-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 700.8 R 4.147 +(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 664.8 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 676.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments) --.18 E 1.635(The e)180 688.8 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 -700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 717.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the \ -accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run f\ -rom the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-3.2) -72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(61)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 712.8 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(61) +188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5 -(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec) -2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 96 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 -(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) -144 108 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E F0 -3.108(,e)C .608 +-.35 E 2.5(5o)144 84 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635 +(The e)180 96 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo) +180 108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(times)108 124.8 Q +F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and \ +for processes run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 +136.8 Q F1(trap)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E .702(The command)144 165.6 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 +(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2 +(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) +144 177.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E +F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 120 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +.658(\(the v)144 189.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 132 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F13.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 144 R F2 -(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 F -(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 156 R F13.36 E -F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +144.34 201.6 Q F0 .581 +(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 +(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 213.6 R +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 225.6 R F13.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 168 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell to\ - print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 180 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E .745 -(names are case insensiti)144 192 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745 +(signal. The)144 237.6 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F +4.311(bers. Each)144 249.6 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E .745 +(names are case insensiti)144 261.6 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745 (nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 F .745(If a)5.745 F F2(sigspec) 3.585 E F0(is)3.555 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)3.245 E F0 .745 -(\(0\) the command)2.995 F F2(ar)144.33 204 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e) -4.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.629(cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.) +(\(0\) the command)2.995 F F2(ar)144.33 273.6 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e) +4.35 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.63(cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.) -.15 F 1.63(If a)6.63 F F2(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG) --.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.63(the command)3.88 F F2(ar)4.46 E -(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.207(before e) -144 216 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.207(simple command)3.707 F F0(,)A -F2(for)3.707 E F0(command,)3.706 E F2(case)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E -F2(select)3.706 E F0 1.206(command, e)3.706 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.206 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)144 228 Q F0 .412 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .412 -(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .413(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0 -(abo)144 240 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.666(\). Refer).15 F .166 -(to the description of the)2.666 F F1(extdeb)2.666 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166 +-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.629(the command)3.88 F F2(ar)4.459 +E(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)4.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.206 +(before e)144 285.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.206(simple command) +3.706 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E F2(case)3.706 E F0 +(command,)3.706 E F2(select)3.707 E F0 1.207(command, e)3.707 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.207(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)144 297.6 Q F0 .412 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .412 +(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .412(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0 +(abo)144 309.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.665(\). Refer).15 F .166 +(to the description of the)2.665 F F1(extdeb)2.666 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166 (option to the)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu)2.666 G .166 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .508(on the)144 252 R F1 -(DEB)3.008 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.008(trap. If)3.008 F(a)3.008 E F2(sigspec) +(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E .509(on the)144 321.6 R F1 +(DEB)3.009 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.009(trap. If)3.009 F(a)3.009 E F2(sigspec) 3.348 E F0(is)3.318 E F3(ERR)3.008 E F4(,)A F0 .508(the command)2.758 F -F2(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .509(is e)3.228 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .509 -(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.009(ras).15 G .509(imple com-)-3.009 -F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 264 R 2.506 +F2(ar)3.338 E(g)-.37 E F0 .508(is e)3.228 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .508 +(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.008(ras).15 G .508(imple com-)-3.008 +F 2.506(mand has a non\255zero e)144 333.6 R 2.506 (xit status, subject to the follo)-.15 F 2.506(wing conditions.)-.25 F (The)7.506 E F3(ERR)5.006 E F0 2.506(trap is not)4.756 F -.15(exe)144 -276 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105 +345.6 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105 (ailed command is part of the command list immediately follo)-.1 F .105 (wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.605 E F0(or)2.605 E F1(until)2.605 E F0 -.1 -(ke)144 288 S(yw)-.05 E .936(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if) -3.446 E F0 .936(statement, part of a)5.396 F F1(&&)3.436 E F0(or)3.436 E -/F5 10/Symbol SF3.436 E F0 .936(list, or if the command')3.436 F -3.436(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.436 E -.25(va)144 300 S 1.094(lue is being in) -.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.094(rted via).15 F F1(!)3.594 E F0 6.094(.T)C -1.094(hese are the same conditions obe)-6.094 F 1.094(yed by the)-.15 F -F1(err)3.594 E(exit)-.18 E F0 3.595(option. If)3.594 F(a)3.595 E F2 -(sigspec)144.34 312 Q F0(is)3.349 E F3(RETURN)3.039 E F4(,)A F0 .539 -(the command)2.789 F F2(ar)3.368 E(g)-.37 E F0 .538(is e)3.258 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .538(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .505(with the)144 324 R F1(.)3.005 E F0(or) -3.005 E F1(sour)3.005 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.005 G .505 -(iltins \214nishes e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.006(cuting. Signals).15 F -.506(ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be)3.006 F .704 -(trapped or reset.)144 336 R -.35(Tr)5.704 G .704 -(apped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original v) -.35 F .703(alues in a)-.25 F .224(child process when it is created.)144 -348 R .224(The return status is f)5.224 F .224(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E -F2(sigspec)3.064 E F0 .224(is in)3.034 F -.25(va)-.4 G .225 -(lid; otherwise).25 F F1(trap)2.725 E F0(returns true.)144 360 Q F1 -(type)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([) -2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 388.8 S .174 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) -3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F1144 400.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 +(ke)144 357.6 S(yw)-.05 E .549(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if) +3.059 E F0 .549(statement, part of a command e)5.009 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.549(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.049 E F0(or)3.049 E/F5 10/Symbol SF +3.049 E F0 .549(list, or if)3.049 F .578(the command')144 369.6 R 3.078 +(sr)-.55 G .578(eturn v)-3.078 F .578(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve) +-.4 G .578(rted via).15 F F1(!)3.078 E F0 5.577(.T)C .577 +(hese are the same conditions obe)-5.577 F .577(yed by the)-.15 F F1 +(err)144 381.6 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 3.03(option. If)3.03 F(a)3.03 E F2 +(sigspec)3.37 E F0(is)3.341 E F3(RETURN)3.031 E F4(,)A F0 .531 +(the command)2.781 F F2(ar)3.361 E(g)-.37 E F0 .531(is e)3.251 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .531(cuted each time a shell function).15 F .317 +(or a script e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .317(cuted with the).15 F F1 +(.)2.817 E F0(or)2.817 E F1(sour)2.817 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.817 G +.317(iltins \214nishes e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.817(cuting. Signals).15 F +.316(ignored upon entry to)2.817 F .787 +(the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 405.6 R -.35(Tr)5.787 G .787 +(apped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their).35 F 1.1 +(original v)144 417.6 R 1.1 +(alues in a child process when it is created.)-.25 F 1.1 +(The return status is f)6.1 F 1.1(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec) +3.94 E F0(is)3.91 E(in)144 429.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F1 +(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 446.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4 +(Wi)144 458.4 S .173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G +(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F +F1144 470.4 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 412.8 Q F0 .087 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 -(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 424.8 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F12.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 436.8 R .855 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 +(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 482.4 Q F0 .086 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 +(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 494.4 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F +F12.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 506.4 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -448.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 -(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 -3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 460.8 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) -C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 -F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 -(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1 -2.612 E F0(and)144 472.8 Q F12.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v) -2.944 F .444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) --.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .445(If the)4.945 F F1 -2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 484.8 R F1(type)2.765 -E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265 -(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426(and functions, if and only if the) -144 496.8 R F12.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F -.427(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549 -(consulted when using)144 508.8 R F13.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he) --5.549 E F13.049 E F0 .548 -(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F1 -(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 520.8 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) +144 518.4 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 +G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E +F13.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .112(search for each)144 530.4 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 +(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 +-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) +.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F12.613 E +F0(and)144 542.4 Q F12.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F +.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F3 +-.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F12.944 +E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 554.4 R F1(type)2.765 E F0 .265 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265 +(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265 +(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the) +144 566.4 R F12.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F +.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548 +(consulted when using)144 578.4 R F13.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he) +-5.548 E F13.048 E F0 .549 +(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1 +(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 590.4 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0 (returns true if an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he ar)-2.5 E (guments are found, f)-.18 E(alse if none are found.)-.1 E F1(ulimit)108 -537.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255SHacde\214lmnpqrstuvx)A F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A -F0(]])A(Pro)144 549.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743 -(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +607.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255SHacde\214lmnpqrstuvx)A F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A +F0(]])A(Pro)144 619.2 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744 +(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 561.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F13.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F13.444 E F0 .943 +.943(that allo)144 631.2 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F13.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F13.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 585.6 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F12.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F12.925 E F0 .425 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -597.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 655.2 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F12.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F12.926 E F0 .426 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +667.2 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 609.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 +.741(of the special v)144 679.2 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 621.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 633.6 R F12.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 703.2 R F12.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 645.6 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -144 657.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1144 -669.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1144 -681.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1144 693.6 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1144 705.6 Q -F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children) -26.97 E F1144 717.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals) -27.52 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(62)185.115 E 0 -Cg EP +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 715.2 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E +(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(62)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 -(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E(ed into memory)-.1 E F1 -144 96 Q F0(The maximum resident set size)21.97 E F1144 108 Q F0 -.791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do no\ -t allo)24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 120 Q F1144 132 Q F0 +-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF144 84 Q F0 +(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1144 96 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1144 108 Q F0 +(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E +(gment)-.15 E F1144 120 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1144 132 Q F0 +(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97 +E F1144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1 +144 156 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E +(ed into memory)-.1 E F1144 168 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size)21.97 E F1144 180 Q F0 .791(The ma\ +ximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)24.74 +F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180 192 Q +F1144 204 Q F0 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1 -144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -24.74 E F1144 156 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority) -25.86 E F1144 168 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1144 -180 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1144 -192 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 204 Q F0 +144 216 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) +24.74 E F1144 228 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority) +25.86 E F1144 240 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1144 +252 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1144 +264 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F1144 276 Q F0 (The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to the shell).25 E F1144 216 Q F0 -(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E(If)144 232.8 Q/F2 10 +(ilable to the shell).25 E F1144 288 Q F0 +(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E(If)144 304.8 Q/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343 (alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F12.843 E F0 .343 -(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi) -144 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F12.675 E F0 .175 -(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 256.8 -Q F12.698 E F0 2.698(,w)C .198 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.698 F F12.698 E F0 -(and)2.698 E F12.697 E F0 2.697(,w)C .197(hich are unscaled v) --2.697 F 2.697(alues. The)-.25 F .404(return status is 0 unless an in) -144 268.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 +(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .176(option is gi) +144 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F12.676 E F0 .175 +(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 328.8 +Q F12.697 E F0 2.697(,w)C .197 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.697 F F12.698 E F0 +(and)2.698 E F12.698 E F0 2.698(,w)C .198(hich are unscaled v) +-2.698 F 2.698(alues. The)-.25 F .404(return status is 0 unless an in) +144 340.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -280.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E +352.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A -.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 309.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 381.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 321.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -333.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +pted by)144 393.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +405.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 345.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 417.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 357.6 Q F0 .552 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 369.6 Q +(mode)144.38 429.6 Q F0 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 441.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 386.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 398.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 458.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 470.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 410.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F(remo)144 482.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 427.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 439.2 S 3.107 -(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E -.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607 -(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the) -5.607 F F1144 451.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F -2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305 -(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1144 463.2 Q F0 .46 -(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459 -(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 475.2 R .902 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 499.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 511.2 S 3.106 +(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F2(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E +.906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607 +(ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the) +5.607 F F1144 523.2 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.305(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F +2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304 +(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1144 535.2 Q F0 .459 +(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F2(name)3.319 E F0 .459 +(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139 +F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 547.2 R .903 (ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902 -(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F -(If)5.903 E(an)144 487.2 Q 4.285(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.285 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(RANDOM)4.285 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3 +(rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F +(If)5.902 E(an)144 559.2 Q 4.284(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.284 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(RANDOM)4.284 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3 (LINENO)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)4.035 E(AME) -.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.035 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.035 E F3(DIRST) -4.284 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.034 E .328(unset, the)144 -499.2 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.828 F +4.285 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.035 E .329(unset, the)144 +571.2 R 2.829(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.829 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)-2.828 G(he)-2.828 E 2.828(ya) --.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .329 -(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 511.2 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C -(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 540 S .288 +-.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .328 +(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 583.2 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 600 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C +(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 612 S .288 (it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F -(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 -(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 552 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722 +(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722 +(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722 (n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w) --3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.583 E F0 -(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 564 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266 -(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 -(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456 -(speci\214es a non-e)144 576 R .457 +-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.582 E F0 +(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 636 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265 +(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265 +(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F2(n)4.126 E F0 .457 +(speci\214es a non-e)144 648 R .457 (xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457 -(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 588 S +(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 660 S (it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E -/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 604.8 Q F0(If)108 616.8 Q -F1(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397 -E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 E F0 1.896 -(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 628.8 R .945 -(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946 -(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E -(beha)108 640.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 +/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 676.8 Q F0(If)108 688.8 Q +F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F1(rbash)4.397 +E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F14.397 E F0 1.897 +(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 700.8 R .945 +(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945 +(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E +(beha)108 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E -(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E 32.5<8363>108 -657.6 S(hanging directories with)-32.5 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 -674.4 S(etting or unsetting the v)-32.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F1(SHELL)2.5 E -F0(,)A F1 -.74(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.21 E F0(,)A F1(ENV)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 -E F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).3 E F0 32.5<8373>108 691.2 S -(pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108 -708 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E F1(/)2.5 E F0 -(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G -(iltin command).2 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E -(63)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +(wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 +768 Q(2007 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\214le).15 E F4(~/.bash_lo)109.666 501.6 Q -(gout)-.1 E F0(The indi)144 513.6 Q -(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F4(~/.inputr)109.666 525.6 -Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 537.6 Q(vidual)-.25 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(adline).37 -E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F3 -.548(AU)72 554.4 S(THORS).548 E F0 -(Brian F)108 566.4 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E -(bfox@gnu.or)108 578.4 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 595.2 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C) --.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve) --.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet@po.cwru.edu)108 607.2 Q F3 -.11(BU)72 624 S -2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568(If you \214nd a b)108 -636 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568(you should report it.) -3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F 3.068(es)-.1 G .568 -(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 F 5.625 -(that it appears in the latest v)108 648 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F F1 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+/Times-Italic@0 SF(Bash Refer)108 372 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5(,B)C +(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4 +(The Gnu Readline Libr)108 384 Q(ary)-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E +(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4(The Gnu History Libr)108 396 Q(ary) +-.15 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F)-2.5 E(ox and Chet Rame)-.15 E(y)-.15 E F4 -.8 +(Po)108 408 S(rtable Oper).8 E(ating System Interface \(POSIX\) P)-.15 E +(art 2: Shell and Utilities)-.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE)-2.5 E F4(sh)108 420 Q +F0(\(1\),)A F4(ksh)2.5 E F0(\(1\),)A F4(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F4(emacs) +108 432 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F4 -.37(re)108 444 S +(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F3(FILES)72 460.8 Q F4(/bin/bash)109.666 472.8 +Q F0(The)144 484.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E F4 +(/etc/pr)109.666 496.8 Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0 +(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 508.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bash_pr)109.666 520.8 Q(o\214le)-.45 +E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 532.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bashr)109.666 544.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(The indi)144 556.8 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(-shell startup \214le).15 E F4(~/.bash_lo)109.666 568.8 Q(gout)-.1 E F0 +(The indi)144 580.8 Q(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F4(~/.inputr) +109.666 592.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 604.8 Q(vidual)-.25 E F4 -.37(re) +2.5 G(adline).37 E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F3 -.548(AU)72 621.6 S +(THORS).548 E F0(Brian F)108 633.6 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E +(oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 645.6 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 662.4 Q +1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni) +-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet@po.cwru.edu)108 674.4 Q F3 -.11 +(BU)72 691.2 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567 +(If you \214nd a b)108 703.2 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 +(you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F +3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .568(ug, and)-.2 +F 5.626(that it appears in the latest v)108 715.2 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 +F F1(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.625 +(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.625(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.625 +(ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 727.2 Q(g/pub/bash/)-.37 E F0 +(.)A(GNU Bash-3.2)72 768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(64)188.455 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\)) --.35 E(The v)108 84 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 96 Q(are and operating system)-.1 E -(The compiler used to compile)108 108 Q 2.5(Ad)108 120 S -(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E 2.5(As)108 132 S +-.35 E .41(Once you ha)108 84 R .71 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .41 +(etermined that a b).15 F .41(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) +-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bashb)3.181 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .411 +(command to submit a b)3.131 F .411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E .595 +(you ha)108 96 R .895 -.15(ve a \214)-.2 H .595 +(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .594 +(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .594(ug reports may)-.2 F +(be mailed to)108 108 Q F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 +(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 124.8 Q +(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)108 141.6 Q(ersion number of) +-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 153.6 Q(are and operating system) +-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 165.6 Q 2.5(Ad)108 177.6 S +(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2 E 2.5(As)108 189.6 S (hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(rcises the b).15 -E(ug)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(bashb)108.27 148.8 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +E(ug)-.2 E F1(bashb)108.27 206.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 (inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro) 2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108 -165.6 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 -E F2 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.11(BU)72 182.4 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 194.4 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869 -(There are some subtle dif)108 211.2 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F F1 +223.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 +E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.11(BU)72 240 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 252 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G +(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 +(There are some subtle dif)108 268.8 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F2 (bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F -F1(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 223.2 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E -(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 240 Q(Shell b)108 256.8 Q +F2(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 280.8 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E +(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 297.6 Q(Shell b)108 314.4 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 273.6 R .39 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 285.6 R .389 -(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 -(mand in the sequence.)108 297.6 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ -place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) --.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 309.6 Q .956 -(Commands inside of)108 326.4 R F1($\()3.456 E F0(...)A F1(\))A F0 .956 +re not handled gracefully when)108 331.2 R .389 +(process suspension is attempted.)108 343.2 R .389 +(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) +108 355.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ +ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F +(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 367.2 Q .955 +(Commands inside of)108 384 R F2($\()3.455 E F0(...)A F2(\))A F0 .956 (command substitution are not parsed until substitution is attempted.) -3.456 F .955(This will)5.955 F .567 +3.455 F .956(This will)5.956 F .567 (delay error reporting until some time after the command is entered.)108 -338.4 R -.15(Fo)5.567 G 3.067(re).15 G .568 -(xample, unmatched parentheses,)-3.217 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 350.4 T 2.5 +396 R -.15(Fo)5.567 G 3.067(re).15 G .567 +(xample, unmatched parentheses,)-3.217 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 408 T 2.5 (ni).25 G(nside shell comments, will result in error messages while the\ - construct is being read.)-2.5 E(Array v)108 367.2 Q + construct is being read.)-2.5 E(Array v)108 424.8 Q (ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-3.2)72 -768 Q(2007 September 14)135.125 E(65)185.115 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2007 December 5)138.465 E(65)188.455 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux index e140af115..42e87d007 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.aux +++ b/doc/bashref.aux @@ -352,12 +352,9 @@ @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell} @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{133} @xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}} -@xrdef{Copying This Manual-title}{Copying This Manual} -@xrdef{Copying This Manual-pg}{139} -@xrdef{Copying This Manual-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License} @xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{139} -@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Section@tie @char67.1} +@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}} @xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes} @xrdef{Indexes-pg}{147} @xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cp b/doc/bashref.cp index be8f9f864..215412d13 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cp +++ b/doc/bashref.cp @@ -115,4 +115,3 @@ \entry{configuration}{123}{configuration} \entry{Bash installation}{123}{Bash installation} \entry{Bash configuration}{123}{Bash configuration} -\entry{FDL, GNU Free Documentation License}{139}{FDL, GNU Free Documentation License} diff --git a/doc/bashref.cps b/doc/bashref.cps index 6d8376442..facb951e4 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.cps +++ b/doc/bashref.cps @@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ \entry {expressions, arithmetic}{76} \entry {expressions, conditional}{75} \initial {F} -\entry {FDL, GNU Free Documentation License}{139} \entry {field}{3} \entry {filename}{3} \entry {filename expansion}{23} diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi index 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6.3 Interactive Shells

@@ -6871,7 +6875,7 @@ the same, but the effective user id is not reset. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?

@@ -6905,7 +6909,7 @@ when an interactive shell is started. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?

@@ -6947,7 +6951,7 @@ fi [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior

@@ -7088,7 +7092,7 @@ printing $PS1 (see section 5.2 Bash Va [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions

@@ -7271,7 +7275,7 @@ may be positive or negative integers. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

6.5 Shell Arithmetic

@@ -7410,7 +7414,7 @@ rules above. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

6.6 Aliases

@@ -7490,7 +7494,7 @@ For almost every purpose, shell functions are preferred over aliases. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

6.7 Arrays

@@ -7592,7 +7596,7 @@ reused as input. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

6.8 The Directory Stack

@@ -7628,7 +7632,7 @@ as the value of the DIRSTACK shell variable. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins

@@ -7734,7 +7738,7 @@ executes the equivalent of `cd dir'. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

6.9 Controlling the Prompt

@@ -7838,7 +7842,7 @@ expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

6.10 The Restricted Shell

@@ -7910,7 +7914,7 @@ the shell spawned to execute the script. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

6.11 Bash POSIX Mode

@@ -8205,7 +8209,7 @@ the `--enable-strict-posix-default' to configure when [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

7. Job Control

@@ -8236,7 +8240,7 @@ Bash allows you to access its facilities. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

7.1 Job Control Basics

@@ -8355,7 +8359,7 @@ Bash does not print another warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

7.2 Job Control Builtins

@@ -8507,7 +8511,7 @@ supplied process IDs. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

7.3 Job Control Variables

@@ -8554,7 +8558,7 @@ analogous to the `%' job ID. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8. Command Line Editing

@@ -8593,7 +8597,7 @@ used by several different programs, including Bash. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.1 Introduction to Line Editing

@@ -8652,7 +8656,7 @@ some keyboards. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.2 Readline Interaction

@@ -8691,7 +8695,7 @@ regardless of the location of the cursor within the line. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials

@@ -8753,7 +8757,7 @@ than the character to the left of the cursor.) [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands

@@ -8797,7 +8801,7 @@ operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands

@@ -8882,7 +8886,7 @@ the prior command is C-y or M-y. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.2.4 Readline Arguments

@@ -8917,7 +8921,7 @@ which will delete the next ten characters on the input line. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History

@@ -8980,7 +8984,7 @@ typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.3 Readline Init File

@@ -9033,7 +9037,7 @@ incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax

@@ -9454,7 +9458,7 @@ insert a single `\' into the line: [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs

@@ -9539,7 +9543,7 @@ For example, the following directive reads from `/etc/inputrc': [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.3.3 Sample Init File

@@ -9662,7 +9666,7 @@ $endif [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.4 Bindable Readline Commands

@@ -9706,7 +9710,7 @@ The text between the point and mark is referred to as the region. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.4.1 Commands For Moving

@@ -9777,7 +9781,7 @@ Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History

@@ -9907,7 +9911,7 @@ as if the `!$' history expansion had been specified. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text

@@ -10026,7 +10030,7 @@ By default, this command is unbound. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.4.4 Killing And Yanking

@@ -10151,7 +10155,7 @@ the prior command is yank or yank-pop. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments

@@ -10194,7 +10198,7 @@ By default, this is not bound to a key. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You

@@ -10356,7 +10360,7 @@ enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.4.7 Keyboard Macros

@@ -10397,7 +10401,7 @@ in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands

@@ -10629,7 +10633,7 @@ as the editor, in that order. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.5 Readline vi Mode

@@ -10667,7 +10671,7 @@ so forth. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.6 Programmable Completion

@@ -10815,7 +10819,7 @@ of the setting of the mark-symlinked-directories Readline variable. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins

@@ -11098,7 +11102,7 @@ an error occurs adding a completion specification. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

9. Using History Interactively

@@ -11132,7 +11136,7 @@ see the GNU Readline Library Manual. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

9.1 Bash History Facilities

@@ -11215,7 +11219,7 @@ See section 4.2 Bash Builtin Commands, for a de [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

9.2 Bash History Builtins

@@ -11350,7 +11354,7 @@ the value of the HISTFILE variable is used. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

9.3 History Expansion

@@ -11427,7 +11431,7 @@ writing the history file. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

9.3.1 Event Designators

@@ -11493,7 +11497,7 @@ with string2. Equivalent to [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

9.3.2 Word Designators

@@ -11588,7 +11592,7 @@ previous command is used as the event. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

9.3.3 Modifiers

@@ -11670,7 +11674,7 @@ or with `&'. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

10. Installing Bash

@@ -11713,7 +11717,7 @@ MS-DOS, OS/2, and Windows platforms. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

10.1 Basic Installation

@@ -11816,7 +11820,7 @@ a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

10.2 Compilers and Options

@@ -11854,7 +11858,7 @@ is available. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures

@@ -11906,7 +11910,7 @@ directories for other architectures. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

10.4 Installation Names

@@ -11940,7 +11944,7 @@ Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

10.5 Specifying the System Type

@@ -11972,7 +11976,7 @@ values of each field. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

10.6 Sharing Defaults

@@ -12001,7 +12005,7 @@ but not all configure scripts do. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

10.7 Operation Controls

@@ -12057,7 +12061,7 @@ options. `configure --help' prints the complete list. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

10.8 Optional Features

@@ -12352,7 +12356,7 @@ information about its effect. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

A. Reporting Bugs

@@ -12410,7 +12414,7 @@ Please send all reports concerning this manual to [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell

@@ -12903,7 +12907,7 @@ More features unique to Bash may be found in 6. Bas [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]

B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell

@@ -12977,55 +12981,31 @@ The SVR4.2 shell behaves differently when invoked as jsh

- +

- - + + - + - +
[ < ][ > ]   [ << ][ > ]   [ << ] [ Up ][ >> ][ >> ]         [Top] [Contents][Index][Index] [ ? ]
-

C. Copying This Manual

+

C. GNU Free Documentation License

-

- -
C.1 GNU Free Documentation License  License for copying this manual.
-

- - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -
[ < ][ > ]   [ << ][ Up ][ >> ]         [Top][Contents][Index][ ? ]
-

C.1 GNU Free Documentation License

- -

- -

Version 1.2, November 2002

 
Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA
+51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
 
 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
@@ -13414,7 +13394,7 @@ and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
 distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
-When the Document is included an aggregate, this License does not
+When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
 derivative works of the Document.
 

@@ -13487,21 +13467,9 @@ as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
 
 

 
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
[ < ][ > ]   [ << ][ Up ][ >> ]            [Top][Contents][Index][ ? ]

-
 C.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents 

-
+
+
 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents 

+
 

 
 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
@@ -13513,13 +13481,13 @@ license notices just after the title page:
   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
   or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
-  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
-  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
+  with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
+  Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
   Free Documentation License''.

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, -replace the "with...Texts." line with this: +replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

 
    with the Invariant Sections being list their titles, with
@@ -13540,49 +13508,49 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 
 
 

-
+
 
-
-
+
+
-
+
[ < ][ > ]
[ < ][ > ]
    [ << ]
 [ Up ]
 [ >> ]
             [Top]
 [Contents][Index][Index]
 [ ? ]
 

 
 D. Indexes 

-
+
 

 
 
 
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
+
D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands  Index of Bash builtin commands.
D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words  Index of Bash reserved words.
D.3 Parameter and Variable Index  Quick reference helps you find the
+
D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands  Index of Bash builtin commands.
D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words  Index of Bash reserved words.
D.3 Parameter and Variable Index  Quick reference helps you find the
 				variable you want.
D.4 Function Index  Index of bindable Readline functions.
D.5 Concept Index  General index for concepts described in
+
D.4 Function Index  Index of bindable Readline functions.
D.5 Concept Index  General index for concepts described in
 				this manual.

 

 

 
 
 

-
+
 
-
-
+
+
-
+
-
+
[ < ][ > ]
[ < ][ > ]
    [ << ][ Up ][ Up ]
 [ >> ]
             [Top]
 [Contents][Index][Index]
 [ ? ]
 

 
 D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands 

-
+
 
Jump to:   .
    
 :
@@ -13769,20 +13737,20 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 
 
 

-
+
 
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
-
+
[ < ][ > ]   [ << ][ Up ]
[ < ][ > ]   [ << ][ Up ]
 [ >> ]
             [Top]
 [Contents][Index][Index]
 [ ? ]
 

 
 D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words 

-
+
 
Jump to:   !
    
 [
@@ -13898,20 +13866,20 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 
 
 

-
+
 
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
-
+
[ < ][ > ]   [ << ][ Up ]
[ < ][ > ]   [ << ][ Up ]
 [ >> ]
             [Top]
 [Contents][Index][Index]
 [ ? ]
 

 
 D.3 Parameter and Variable Index 

-
+
 
Jump to:   !
    
 #
@@ -14302,20 +14270,20 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 
 
 

-
+
 
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
-
+
[ < ][ > ]   [ << ][ Up ]
[ < ][ > ]   [ << ][ Up ]
 [ >> ]
             [Top]
 [Contents][Index][Index]
 [ ? ]
 

 
 D.4 Function Index 

-
+
 
Jump to:   A
    
 B
@@ -14636,20 +14604,20 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 
 
 

-
+
 
-
+
-
+
-
+
[ < ]
[ < ]
 [ > ]
    [ << ][ Up ][ Up ]
 [ >> ]
             [Top]
 [Contents][Index][Index]
 [ ? ]
 

 
 D.5 Concept Index 

-
+
 
-
@@ -14911,7 +14878,7 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 
Jump to:   A
    
 B
@@ -14756,7 +14724,6 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 
expressions, conditional6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions

 
 

 
F
FDL, GNU Free Documentation LicenseC.1 GNU Free Documentation License

 
field2. Definitions

 
filename2. Definitions

 
filename expansion3.5.8 Filename Expansion

-
+

 
[Top]
 [Contents][Index][Index]
 [ ? ]
 

 
Table of Contents

@@ -15224,28 +15191,20 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell
 

 
-C. Copying This Manual
-

-
-D. Indexes
+D. Indexes
 

 
 
@@ -15254,7 +15213,7 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 
-
+

 
[Top]
 [Contents][Index][Index]
 [ ? ]
 

 
Short Table of Contents

@@ -15283,9 +15242,9 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 

 B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
 

-C. Copying This Manual
+C. GNU Free Documentation License
 

-D. Indexes
+D. Indexes
 

 
 
@@ -15294,11 +15253,11 @@ to permit their use in free software.
 
-
+

 
[Top]
 [Contents][Index][Index]
 [ ? ]
 

 
About this document

-This document was generated by Chet Ramey on October, 10  2007
+This document was generated by Chet Ramey on January, 10  2008
 using texi2html
 
  
@@ -15460,7 +15419,7 @@ the following structure:
 
  
 
 This document was generated
-by Chet Ramey on October, 10  2007
+by Chet Ramey on January, 10  2008
 using texi2html
 
diff --git a/doc/bashref.info b/doc/bashref.info
index a03c925b8..e7c7fda43 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.info
+++ b/doc/bashref.info
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from
 /Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
 
    This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 3.2, 14 September 2007).
+the Bash shell (version 3.2, 14 December 2007).
 
-   This is Edition 3.2, last updated 14 September 2007, of `The GNU
-Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.2.
+   This is Edition 3.2, last updated 14 December 2007, of `The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.2.
 
-   Copyright (C) 1988-2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1988-2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
 manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ preserved on all copies.
      document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
      Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
      Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts
-     being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
+     being "A GNU Manual", and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
      below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
-     "GNU Free Documentation License."
+     "GNU Free Documentation License".
 
-     (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and
-     modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by
-     the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development."
+     (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You are free to copy and modify
+     this GNU Manual.  Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in
+     developing GNU and promoting software freedom."
 
 INFO-DIR-SECTION Basics
 START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ Bash Features
 *************
 
 This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 3.2, 14 September 2007).
+the Bash shell (version 3.2, 14 December 2007).
 
-   This is Edition 3.2, last updated 14 September 2007, of `The GNU
-Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.2.
+   This is Edition 3.2, last updated 14 December 2007, of `The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.2.
 
    Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
 features that only appear in Bash.  Some of the shells that Bash has
@@ -64,15 +64,15 @@ on shell behavior.
 * Bash Features::		Features found only in Bash.
 * Job Control::			What job control is and how Bash allows you
 				to use it.
-* Using History Interactively::	Command History Expansion
 * Command Line Editing::	Chapter describing the command line
 				editing features.
+* Using History Interactively::	Command History Expansion
 * Installing Bash::		How to build and install Bash on your system.
 * Reporting Bugs::		How to report bugs in Bash.
 * Major Differences From The Bourne Shell::	A terse list of the differences
 						between Bash and historical
 						versions of /bin/sh.
-* Copying This Manual::		Copying this manual.
+* GNU Free Documentation License::	Copying and sharing this documentation.
 * Indexes::			Various indexes for this manual.
 
 
@@ -2589,12 +2589,12 @@ standard.
      subject to the following conditions.  The `ERR' trap is not
      executed if the failed command is part of the command list
      immediately following an `until' or `while' keyword, part of the
-     test in an `if' statement, part of a `&&' or `||' list, or if the
-     command's return status is being inverted using `!'.  These are
-     the same conditions obeyed by the `errexit' option.  If a SIGSPEC
-     is `RETURN', the command ARG is executed each time a shell
-     function or a script executed with the `.' or `source' builtins
-     finishes executing.
+     test in an `if' statement, part of a command executed in a `&&' or
+     `||' list, or if the command's return status is being inverted
+     using `!'.  These are the same conditions obeyed by the `errexit'
+     option.  If a SIGSPEC is `RETURN', the command ARG is executed
+     each time a shell function or a script executed with the `.' or
+     `source' builtins finishes executing.
 
      Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
      Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their
@@ -3195,13 +3195,13 @@ parameters, or to display the names and values of shell variables.
           Commands::) exits with a non-zero status, unless the command
           that fails is part of the command list immediately following
           a `while' or `until' keyword, part of the test in an `if'
-          statement, part of a `&&' or `||' list, any command in a
-          pipeline but the last, or if the command's return status is
-          being inverted using `!'.  Failing simple commands that are
-          part of shell functions or command lists enclosed in braces
-          or parentheses satisfying the above conditions do not cause
-          the shell to exit.  A trap on `ERR', if set, is executed
-          before the shell exits.
+          statement, part of a command executed in a `&&' or `||b' list,
+          any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
+          return status is being inverted using `!'.  Failing simple
+          commands that are part of shell functions or command lists
+          enclosed in braces or parentheses satisfying the above
+          conditions do not cause the shell to exit.  A trap on `ERR',
+          if set, is executed before the shell exits.
 
     `-f'
           Disable file name generation (globbing).
@@ -3825,9 +3825,10 @@ Variables::).
      An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source
      files corresponding to each member of FUNCNAME.
      `${BASH_LINENO[$i]}' is the line number in the source file where
-     `${FUNCNAME[$i]}' was called.  The corresponding source file name
-     is `${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}'.  Use `LINENO' to obtain the current line
-     number.
+     `${FUNCNAME[$i]}' was called (or `${BASH_LINENO[$i-1]}' if
+     referenced within another shell function).  The corresponding
+     source file name is `${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}'.  Use `LINENO' to obtain
+     the current line number.
 
 `BASH_REMATCH'
      An array variable whose members are assigned by the `=~' binary
@@ -4534,14 +4535,15 @@ startup files are read.
 Invoked by remote shell daemon
 ..............................
 
-Bash attempts to determine when it is being run by the remote shell
-daemon, usually `rshd'.  If Bash determines it is being run by rshd, it
-reads and executes commands from `~/.bashrc', if that file exists and
-is readable.  It will not do this if invoked as `sh'.  The `--norc'
-option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the `--rcfile' option
-may be used to force another file to be read, but `rshd' does not
-generally invoke the shell with those options or allow them to be
-specified.
+Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
+connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell daemon,
+usually `rshd', or the secure shell daemon `sshd'.  If Bash determines
+it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands from
+`~/.bashrc', if that file exists and is readable.  It will not do this
+if invoked as `sh'.  The `--norc' option may be used to inhibit this
+behavior, and the `--rcfile' option may be used to force another file
+to be read, but `rshd' does not generally invoke the shell with those
+options or allow them to be specified.
 
 Invoked with unequal effective and real UID/GIDs
 ................................................
@@ -5484,7 +5486,7 @@ specifying the `--enable-strict-posix-default' to `configure' when
 building (*note Optional Features::).
 
 
-File: bashref.info,  Node: Job Control,  Next: Using History Interactively,  Prev: Bash Features,  Up: Top
+File: bashref.info,  Node: Job Control,  Next: Command Line Editing,  Prev: Bash Features,  Up: Top
 
 7 Job Control
 *************
@@ -5713,7 +5715,7 @@ File: bashref.info,  Node: Job Control Variables,  Prev: Job Control Builtins,
 
 
 
-File: bashref.info,  Node: Command Line Editing,  Next: Installing Bash,  Prev: Using History Interactively,  Up: Top
+File: bashref.info,  Node: Command Line Editing,  Next: Using History Interactively,  Prev: Job Control,  Up: Top
 
 8 Command Line Editing
 **********************
@@ -7376,7 +7378,7 @@ completion facilities.
 
    
 
-File: bashref.info,  Node: Using History Interactively,  Next: Command Line Editing,  Prev: Job Control,  Up: Top
+File: bashref.info,  Node: Using History Interactively,  Next: Installing Bash,  Prev: Command Line Editing,  Up: Top
 
 9 Using History Interactively
 *****************************
@@ -7749,7 +7751,7 @@ more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
 
 
 
-File: bashref.info,  Node: Installing Bash,  Next: Reporting Bugs,  Prev: Command Line Editing,  Up: Top
+File: bashref.info,  Node: Installing Bash,  Next: Reporting Bugs,  Prev: Using History Interactively,  Up: Top
 
 10 Installing Bash
 ******************
@@ -8232,7 +8234,7 @@ it provides for filing a bug report.
    Please send all reports concerning this manual to .
 
 
-File: bashref.info,  Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell,  Next: Copying This Manual,  Prev: Reporting Bugs,  Up: Top
+File: bashref.info,  Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell,  Next: GNU Free Documentation License,  Prev: Reporting Bugs,  Up: Top
 
 Appendix B Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
 **************************************************
@@ -8596,25 +8598,15 @@ many of the limitations of the SVR4.2 shell.  For instance:
      turns on job control).
 
 
-File: bashref.info,  Node: Copying This Manual,  Next: Indexes,  Prev: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell,  Up: Top
-
-Appendix C Copying This Manual
-******************************
-
-* Menu:
-
-* GNU Free Documentation License::      License for copying this manual.
-
-
-File: bashref.info,  Node: GNU Free Documentation License,  Up: Copying This Manual
+File: bashref.info,  Node: GNU Free Documentation License,  Next: Indexes,  Prev: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell,  Up: Top
 
-C.1 GNU Free Documentation License
-==================================
+Appendix C GNU Free Documentation License
+*****************************************
 
                       Version 1.2, November 2002
 
      Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-     59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA
+     51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
 
      Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
      of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
@@ -8945,7 +8937,7 @@ C.1 GNU Free Documentation License
      a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
      copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
      legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
-     works permit.  When the Document is included an aggregate, this
+     works permit.  When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
      License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
      are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
 
@@ -9006,8 +8998,8 @@ C.1 GNU Free Documentation License
      you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
      Free Software Foundation.
 
-C.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
-----------------------------------------------------------
+ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
+====================================================
 
 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
 the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
@@ -9017,8 +9009,8 @@ notices just after the title page:
        Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
        under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
        or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
-       with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
-       A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
+       with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
+       Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
        Free Documentation License''.
 
    If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
@@ -9038,7 +9030,7 @@ free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to
 permit their use in free software.
 
 
-File: bashref.info,  Node: Indexes,  Prev: Copying This Manual,  Up: Top
+File: bashref.info,  Node: Indexes,  Prev: GNU Free Documentation License,  Up: Top
 
 Appendix D Indexes
 ******************
@@ -9223,11 +9215,11 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
 * BASH_ENV:                              Bash Variables.      (line  46)
 * BASH_EXECUTION_STRING:                 Bash Variables.      (line  52)
 * BASH_LINENO:                           Bash Variables.      (line  55)
-* BASH_REMATCH:                          Bash Variables.      (line  63)
-* BASH_SOURCE:                           Bash Variables.      (line  71)
-* BASH_SUBSHELL:                         Bash Variables.      (line  75)
-* BASH_VERSINFO:                         Bash Variables.      (line  79)
-* BASH_VERSION:                          Bash Variables.      (line 103)
+* BASH_REMATCH:                          Bash Variables.      (line  64)
+* BASH_SOURCE:                           Bash Variables.      (line  72)
+* BASH_SUBSHELL:                         Bash Variables.      (line  76)
+* BASH_VERSINFO:                         Bash Variables.      (line  80)
+* BASH_VERSION:                          Bash Variables.      (line 104)
 * BASHPID:                               Bash Variables.      (line  16)
 * bell-style:                            Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  38)
@@ -9235,77 +9227,77 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
                                                               (line  45)
 * CDPATH:                                Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line   9)
-* COLUMNS:                               Bash Variables.      (line 106)
+* COLUMNS:                               Bash Variables.      (line 107)
 * comment-begin:                         Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  50)
-* COMP_CWORD:                            Bash Variables.      (line 111)
-* COMP_KEY:                              Bash Variables.      (line 140)
-* COMP_LINE:                             Bash Variables.      (line 117)
-* COMP_POINT:                            Bash Variables.      (line 122)
-* COMP_TYPE:                             Bash Variables.      (line 130)
-* COMP_WORDBREAKS:                       Bash Variables.      (line 144)
-* COMP_WORDS:                            Bash Variables.      (line 150)
+* COMP_CWORD:                            Bash Variables.      (line 112)
+* COMP_KEY:                              Bash Variables.      (line 141)
+* COMP_LINE:                             Bash Variables.      (line 118)
+* COMP_POINT:                            Bash Variables.      (line 123)
+* COMP_TYPE:                             Bash Variables.      (line 131)
+* COMP_WORDBREAKS:                       Bash Variables.      (line 145)
+* COMP_WORDS:                            Bash Variables.      (line 151)
 * completion-query-items:                Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  60)
-* COMPREPLY:                             Bash Variables.      (line 157)
+* COMPREPLY:                             Bash Variables.      (line 158)
 * convert-meta:                          Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  70)
-* DIRSTACK:                              Bash Variables.      (line 162)
+* DIRSTACK:                              Bash Variables.      (line 163)
 * disable-completion:                    Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  76)
 * editing-mode:                          Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  81)
-* EMACS:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 172)
+* EMACS:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 173)
 * enable-keypad:                         Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  87)
-* EUID:                                  Bash Variables.      (line 177)
+* EUID:                                  Bash Variables.      (line 178)
 * expand-tilde:                          Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  92)
-* FCEDIT:                                Bash Variables.      (line 181)
-* FIGNORE:                               Bash Variables.      (line 185)
-* FUNCNAME:                              Bash Variables.      (line 191)
-* GLOBIGNORE:                            Bash Variables.      (line 200)
-* GROUPS:                                Bash Variables.      (line 206)
-* histchars:                             Bash Variables.      (line 212)
-* HISTCMD:                               Bash Variables.      (line 227)
-* HISTCONTROL:                           Bash Variables.      (line 232)
-* HISTFILE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 248)
-* HISTFILESIZE:                          Bash Variables.      (line 252)
-* HISTIGNORE:                            Bash Variables.      (line 260)
+* FCEDIT:                                Bash Variables.      (line 182)
+* FIGNORE:                               Bash Variables.      (line 186)
+* FUNCNAME:                              Bash Variables.      (line 192)
+* GLOBIGNORE:                            Bash Variables.      (line 201)
+* GROUPS:                                Bash Variables.      (line 207)
+* histchars:                             Bash Variables.      (line 213)
+* HISTCMD:                               Bash Variables.      (line 228)
+* HISTCONTROL:                           Bash Variables.      (line 233)
+* HISTFILE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 249)
+* HISTFILESIZE:                          Bash Variables.      (line 253)
+* HISTIGNORE:                            Bash Variables.      (line 261)
 * history-preserve-point:                Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line  96)
-* HISTSIZE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 279)
-* HISTTIMEFORMAT:                        Bash Variables.      (line 283)
+* HISTSIZE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 280)
+* HISTTIMEFORMAT:                        Bash Variables.      (line 284)
 * HOME:                                  Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  13)
 * horizontal-scroll-mode:                Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 102)
-* HOSTFILE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 292)
-* HOSTNAME:                              Bash Variables.      (line 303)
-* HOSTTYPE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 306)
+* HOSTFILE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 293)
+* HOSTNAME:                              Bash Variables.      (line 304)
+* HOSTTYPE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 307)
 * IFS:                                   Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  18)
-* IGNOREEOF:                             Bash Variables.      (line 309)
+* IGNOREEOF:                             Bash Variables.      (line 310)
 * input-meta:                            Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 109)
-* INPUTRC:                               Bash Variables.      (line 319)
+* INPUTRC:                               Bash Variables.      (line 320)
 * isearch-terminators:                   Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 116)
 * keymap:                                Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 123)
-* LANG:                                  Bash Variables.      (line 323)
-* LC_ALL:                                Bash Variables.      (line 327)
-* LC_COLLATE:                            Bash Variables.      (line 331)
-* LC_CTYPE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 338)
+* LANG:                                  Bash Variables.      (line 324)
+* LC_ALL:                                Bash Variables.      (line 328)
+* LC_COLLATE:                            Bash Variables.      (line 332)
+* LC_CTYPE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 339)
 * LC_MESSAGES <1>:                       Locale Translation.  (line  11)
-* LC_MESSAGES:                           Bash Variables.      (line 343)
-* LC_NUMERIC:                            Bash Variables.      (line 347)
-* LINENO:                                Bash Variables.      (line 351)
-* LINES:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 355)
-* MACHTYPE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 360)
+* LC_MESSAGES:                           Bash Variables.      (line 344)
+* LC_NUMERIC:                            Bash Variables.      (line 348)
+* LINENO:                                Bash Variables.      (line 352)
+* LINES:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 356)
+* MACHTYPE:                              Bash Variables.      (line 361)
 * MAIL:                                  Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  22)
-* MAILCHECK:                             Bash Variables.      (line 364)
+* MAILCHECK:                             Bash Variables.      (line 365)
 * MAILPATH:                              Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  27)
 * mark-modified-lines:                   Readline Init File Syntax.
@@ -9316,46 +9308,46 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
                                                               (line 146)
 * meta-flag:                             Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 109)
-* OLDPWD:                                Bash Variables.      (line 372)
+* OLDPWD:                                Bash Variables.      (line 373)
 * OPTARG:                                Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  34)
-* OPTERR:                                Bash Variables.      (line 375)
+* OPTERR:                                Bash Variables.      (line 376)
 * OPTIND:                                Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  38)
-* OSTYPE:                                Bash Variables.      (line 379)
+* OSTYPE:                                Bash Variables.      (line 380)
 * output-meta:                           Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 153)
 * page-completions:                      Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 158)
 * PATH:                                  Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  42)
-* PIPESTATUS:                            Bash Variables.      (line 382)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT:                       Bash Variables.      (line 387)
-* PPID:                                  Bash Variables.      (line 396)
-* PROMPT_COMMAND:                        Bash Variables.      (line 400)
+* PIPESTATUS:                            Bash Variables.      (line 383)
+* POSIXLY_CORRECT:                       Bash Variables.      (line 388)
+* PPID:                                  Bash Variables.      (line 397)
+* PROMPT_COMMAND:                        Bash Variables.      (line 401)
 * PS1:                                   Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  48)
 * PS2:                                   Bourne Shell Variables.
                                                               (line  53)
-* PS3:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 404)
-* PS4:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 409)
-* PWD:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 415)
-* RANDOM:                                Bash Variables.      (line 418)
-* REPLY:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 423)
-* SECONDS:                               Bash Variables.      (line 426)
-* SHELL:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 432)
-* SHELLOPTS:                             Bash Variables.      (line 437)
-* SHLVL:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 446)
+* PS3:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 405)
+* PS4:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 410)
+* PWD:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 416)
+* RANDOM:                                Bash Variables.      (line 419)
+* REPLY:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 424)
+* SECONDS:                               Bash Variables.      (line 427)
+* SHELL:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 433)
+* SHELLOPTS:                             Bash Variables.      (line 438)
+* SHLVL:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 447)
 * show-all-if-ambiguous:                 Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 168)
 * show-all-if-unmodified:                Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 174)
 * TEXTDOMAIN:                            Locale Translation.  (line  11)
 * TEXTDOMAINDIR:                         Locale Translation.  (line  11)
-* TIMEFORMAT:                            Bash Variables.      (line 451)
-* TMOUT:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 489)
-* TMPDIR:                                Bash Variables.      (line 501)
-* UID:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 505)
+* TIMEFORMAT:                            Bash Variables.      (line 452)
+* TMOUT:                                 Bash Variables.      (line 490)
+* TMPDIR:                                Bash Variables.      (line 502)
+* UID:                                   Bash Variables.      (line 506)
 * visible-stats:                         Readline Init File Syntax.
                                                               (line 183)
 
@@ -9532,8 +9524,6 @@ D.5 Concept Index
 * expressions, arithmetic:               Shell Arithmetic.    (line   6)
 * expressions, conditional:              Bash Conditional Expressions.
                                                               (line   6)
-* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License:   GNU Free Documentation License.
-                                                              (line   6)
 * field:                                 Definitions.         (line  29)
 * filename:                              Definitions.         (line  34)
 * filename expansion:                    Filename Expansion.  (line   9)
@@ -9556,8 +9546,8 @@ D.5 Concept Index
 * interactive shell:                     Invoking Bash.       (line 127)
 * internationalization:                  Locale Translation.  (line   6)
 * job:                                   Definitions.         (line  37)
-* job control <1>:                       Definitions.         (line  41)
-* job control:                           Job Control Basics.  (line   6)
+* job control <1>:                       Job Control Basics.  (line   6)
+* job control:                           Definitions.         (line  41)
 * kill ring:                             Readline Killing Commands.
                                                               (line  19)
 * killing text:                          Readline Killing Commands.
@@ -9605,8 +9595,8 @@ D.5 Concept Index
 * shell, interactive:                    Interactive Shells.  (line   6)
 * signal:                                Definitions.         (line  76)
 * signal handling:                       Signals.             (line   6)
-* special builtin <1>:                   Definitions.         (line  80)
-* special builtin:                       Special Builtins.    (line   6)
+* special builtin <1>:                   Special Builtins.    (line   6)
+* special builtin:                       Definitions.         (line  80)
 * startup files:                         Bash Startup Files.  (line   6)
 * suspending jobs:                       Job Control Basics.  (line   6)
 * tilde expansion:                       Tilde Expansion.     (line   6)
@@ -9623,132 +9613,131 @@ D.5 Concept Index
 
 
 Tag Table:
-Node: Top1359
-Node: Introduction3171
-Node: What is Bash?3399
-Node: What is a shell?4512
-Node: Definitions7052
-Node: Basic Shell Features9821
-Node: Shell Syntax11040
-Node: Shell Operation12070
-Node: Quoting13364
-Node: Escape Character14667
-Node: Single Quotes15152
-Node: Double Quotes15500
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting16625
-Node: Locale Translation17581
-Node: Comments18477
-Node: Shell Commands19095
-Node: Simple Commands19861
-Node: Pipelines20492
-Node: Lists22367
-Node: Compound Commands23998
-Node: Looping Constructs24782
-Node: Conditional Constructs27229
-Node: Command Grouping34789
-Node: Shell Functions36268
-Node: Shell Parameters40729
-Node: Positional Parameters43059
-Node: Special Parameters43959
-Node: Shell Expansions46923
-Node: Brace Expansion48848
-Node: Tilde Expansion51174
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion53525
-Node: Command Substitution61225
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion62558
-Node: Process Substitution63408
-Node: Word Splitting64458
-Node: Filename Expansion66081
-Node: Pattern Matching68221
-Node: Quote Removal71539
-Node: Redirections71834
-Node: Executing Commands79564
-Node: Simple Command Expansion80234
-Node: Command Search and Execution82164
-Node: Command Execution Environment84170
-Node: Environment86969
-Node: Exit Status88629
-Node: Signals89833
-Node: Shell Scripts91801
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands94319
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins95996
-Node: Bash Builtins113204
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior133336
-Node: The Set Builtin133681
-Node: The Shopt Builtin142506
-Node: Special Builtins152736
-Node: Shell Variables153715
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables154155
-Node: Bash Variables156136
-Node: Bash Features177431
-Node: Invoking Bash178314
-Node: Bash Startup Files184123
-Node: Interactive Shells188982
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?189392
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?190041
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior190856
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions194136
-Node: Shell Arithmetic197715
-Node: Aliases200461
-Node: Arrays203033
-Node: The Directory Stack206382
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins207096
-Node: Printing a Prompt209988
-Node: The Restricted Shell212702
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode214534
-Node: Job Control222293
-Node: Job Control Basics222760
-Node: Job Control Builtins227269
-Node: Job Control Variables231596
-Node: Command Line Editing232754
-Node: Introduction and Notation233753
-Node: Readline Interaction235375
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials236566
-Node: Readline Movement Commands238355
-Node: Readline Killing Commands239320
-Node: Readline Arguments241240
-Node: Searching242284
-Node: Readline Init File244470
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax245617
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs257992
-Node: Sample Init File260525
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands263642
-Node: Commands For Moving264849
-Node: Commands For History265710
-Node: Commands For Text268865
-Node: Commands For Killing271538
-Node: Numeric Arguments273680
-Node: Commands For Completion274819
-Node: Keyboard Macros278412
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands278983
-Node: Readline vi Mode284294
-Node: Programmable Completion285208
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins291026
-Node: Using History Interactively298622
-Node: Bash History Facilities299302
-Node: Bash History Builtins302216
-Node: History Interaction306073
-Node: Event Designators308778
-Node: Word Designators309793
-Node: Modifiers311432
-Node: Installing Bash312836
-Node: Basic Installation313966
-Node: Compilers and Options316658
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures317399
-Node: Installation Names319063
-Node: Specifying the System Type319881
-Node: Sharing Defaults320597
-Node: Operation Controls321270
-Node: Optional Features322228
-Node: Reporting Bugs331159
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell332353
-Node: Copying This Manual349022
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License349292
-Node: Indexes371698
-Node: Builtin Index372141
-Node: Reserved Word Index378674
-Node: Variable Index381122
-Node: Function Index392286
-Node: Concept Index399018
+Node: Top1348
+Node: Introduction3187
+Node: What is Bash?3415
+Node: What is a shell?4528
+Node: Definitions7068
+Node: Basic Shell Features9837
+Node: Shell Syntax11056
+Node: Shell Operation12086
+Node: Quoting13380
+Node: Escape Character14683
+Node: Single Quotes15168
+Node: Double Quotes15516
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting16641
+Node: Locale Translation17597
+Node: Comments18493
+Node: Shell Commands19111
+Node: Simple Commands19877
+Node: Pipelines20508
+Node: Lists22383
+Node: Compound Commands24014
+Node: Looping Constructs24798
+Node: Conditional Constructs27245
+Node: Command Grouping34805
+Node: Shell Functions36284
+Node: Shell Parameters40745
+Node: Positional Parameters43075
+Node: Special Parameters43975
+Node: Shell Expansions46939
+Node: Brace Expansion48864
+Node: Tilde Expansion51190
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion53541
+Node: Command Substitution61241
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion62574
+Node: Process Substitution63424
+Node: Word Splitting64474
+Node: Filename Expansion66097
+Node: Pattern Matching68237
+Node: Quote Removal71555
+Node: Redirections71850
+Node: Executing Commands79580
+Node: Simple Command Expansion80250
+Node: Command Search and Execution82180
+Node: Command Execution Environment84186
+Node: Environment86985
+Node: Exit Status88645
+Node: Signals89849
+Node: Shell Scripts91817
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands94335
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins96012
+Node: Bash Builtins113242
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior133374
+Node: The Set Builtin133719
+Node: The Shopt Builtin142567
+Node: Special Builtins152797
+Node: Shell Variables153776
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables154216
+Node: Bash Variables156197
+Node: Bash Features177569
+Node: Invoking Bash178452
+Node: Bash Startup Files184261
+Node: Interactive Shells189230
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?189640
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?190289
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior191104
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions194384
+Node: Shell Arithmetic197963
+Node: Aliases200709
+Node: Arrays203281
+Node: The Directory Stack206630
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins207344
+Node: Printing a Prompt210236
+Node: The Restricted Shell212950
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode214782
+Node: Job Control222541
+Node: Job Control Basics223001
+Node: Job Control Builtins227510
+Node: Job Control Variables231837
+Node: Command Line Editing232995
+Node: Introduction and Notation233990
+Node: Readline Interaction235612
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials236803
+Node: Readline Movement Commands238592
+Node: Readline Killing Commands239557
+Node: Readline Arguments241477
+Node: Searching242521
+Node: Readline Init File244707
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax245854
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs258229
+Node: Sample Init File260762
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands263879
+Node: Commands For Moving265086
+Node: Commands For History265947
+Node: Commands For Text269102
+Node: Commands For Killing271775
+Node: Numeric Arguments273917
+Node: Commands For Completion275056
+Node: Keyboard Macros278649
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands279220
+Node: Readline vi Mode284531
+Node: Programmable Completion285445
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins291263
+Node: Using History Interactively298859
+Node: Bash History Facilities299543
+Node: Bash History Builtins302457
+Node: History Interaction306314
+Node: Event Designators309019
+Node: Word Designators310034
+Node: Modifiers311673
+Node: Installing Bash313077
+Node: Basic Installation314214
+Node: Compilers and Options316906
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures317647
+Node: Installation Names319311
+Node: Specifying the System Type320129
+Node: Sharing Defaults320845
+Node: Operation Controls321518
+Node: Optional Features322476
+Node: Reporting Bugs331407
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell332601
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License349281
+Node: Indexes371742
+Node: Builtin Index372196
+Node: Reserved Word Index378729
+Node: Variable Index381177
+Node: Function Index392341
+Node: Concept Index399073
 
 End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/bashref.log b/doc/bashref.log
index 2067e4bfa..b9eb0f2f9 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.log
+++ b/doc/bashref.log
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-This is TeX, Version 3.141592 (Web2C 7.5.4) (format=tex 2006.11.28)  10 OCT 2007 09:50
+This is TeX, Version 3.141592 (Web2C 7.5.4) (format=tex 2006.11.28)  10 JAN 2008 17:41
 **/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi
 (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi (./texinfo.tex
 Loading texinfo [version 2003-02-03.16]: Basics,
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ textttsl pat-tern@texttt ][]) @textttsl command-list @texttt ;;][] esac[][]
 [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]
 [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] Chapter 4 [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38]
 [39] [40] [41]
-Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 3126--3139
+Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 3127--3140
  @texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
 m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
 .etc.
 
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-Overfull \hbox (43.33536pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3469--3469
+Overfull \hbox (43.33536pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3470--3470
  []@texttt read [-ers] [-a @textttsl aname@texttt ] [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt
  ] [-n @textttsl nchars@texttt ] [-p @textttsl prompt@texttt ] [-t @textttsl ti
 me-
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ me-
 .etc.
 
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-Underfull \hbox (badness 2573) in paragraph at lines 4096--4100
+Underfull \hbox (badness 2573) in paragraph at lines 4097--4101
  [] []@textrm Error trac-ing is en-abled: com-mand sub-sti-tu-tion, shell
 
 @hbox(7.60416+2.12917)x433.62, glue set 2.95305
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ Underfull \hbox (badness 2573) in paragraph at lines 4096--4100
 
 [54] [55] [56] Chapter 5 [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66]
 Chapter 6 [67] [68]
-Overfull \hbox (51.96864pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4912--4912
+Overfull \hbox (51.96864pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4914--4914
  []@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
 exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
 
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
 .etc.
 
 
-Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4913--4913
+Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4915--4915
  []@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt 
 ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] -c @textttsl string @texttt [@textttsl ar
 -
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4913--4913
 .etc.
 
 
-Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4914--4914
+Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 4916--4916
  []@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text
 tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
 .etc.
 
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-Underfull \hbox (badness 2245) in paragraph at lines 5088--5090
+Underfull \hbox (badness 2245) in paragraph at lines 5090--5092
 []@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from 
 the file
 
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ the file
 .etc.
 
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-Underfull \hbox (badness 2521) in paragraph at lines 6202--6205
+Underfull \hbox (badness 2521) in paragraph at lines 6206--6209
 @textrm `@texttt --enable-strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[] to @texttt configur
 e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
 
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
 Chapter 7 [85] [86] [87] [88] [89]
 (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi Chapter 8 [90] [91]
 [92] [93] [94] [95]
-Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 503--519
+Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 502--518
  @texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
 m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
 
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
 .etc.
 
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-Overfull \hbox (26.43913pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 818--818
+Overfull \hbox (26.43913pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 817--817
  []@texttt Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is i
 gnored[] 
 
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ gnored[]
 .etc.
 
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-Overfull \hbox (17.80585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1667--1667
+Overfull \hbox (17.80585pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1666--1666
  []@texttt complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o @textttsl comp-option@texttt ] [-A @tex
 tttsl ac-tion@texttt ] [-G @textttsl glob-
 
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ tttsl ac-tion@texttt ] [-G @textttsl glob-
 .etc.
 
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-Underfull \hbox (badness 2753) in paragraph at lines 1769--1772
+Underfull \hbox (badness 2753) in paragraph at lines 1768--1771
  @texttt hostname[]@textrm Hostnames, as taken from the file spec-i-fied by
 
 @hbox(7.60416+2.12917)x433.62, glue set 3.02202
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ Underfull \hbox (badness 2753) in paragraph at lines 1769--1772
 
 [115]) (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
 [116] [117] [118] [119] [120]) Chapter 10 [121] [122] [123] [124] [125]
-Underfull \hbox (badness 2772) in paragraph at lines 6798--6802
+Underfull \hbox (badness 2772) in paragraph at lines 6802--6806
  []@textrm Enable sup-port for large files (@texttt http://www.sas.com/standard
 s/large_
 
@@ -372,12 +372,12 @@ Overfull \vbox (45.46959pt too high) has occurred while \output is active
 [148] (./bashref.rws) (./bashref.vrs [149] [150]) (./bashref.fns [151])
 [152] (./bashref.cps [153]) [154] ) 
 Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
- 1735 strings out of 97980
- 23708 string characters out of 1221004
- 55369 words of memory out of 1000000
- 2586 multiletter control sequences out of 10000+50000
+ 1732 strings out of 97980
+ 23635 string characters out of 1221004
+ 55301 words of memory out of 1000000
+ 2583 multiletter control sequences out of 10000+50000
  31953 words of font info for 111 fonts, out of 500000 for 2000
  19 hyphenation exceptions out of 1000
- 15i,8n,11p,269b,474s stack positions out of 1500i,500n,5000p,200000b,5000s
+ 15i,8n,11p,269b,471s stack positions out of 1500i,500n,5000p,200000b,5000s
 
-Output written on bashref.dvi (160 pages, 612624 bytes).
+Output written on bashref.dvi (160 pages, 612328 bytes).
diff --git a/doc/bashref.ps b/doc/bashref.ps
index 7c78e9273..bcd185277 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.ps
+++ b/doc/bashref.ps
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 %DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com)
 %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -D 600 -t letter -o bashref.ps bashref.dvi
 %DVIPSParameters: dpi=600
-%DVIPSSource:  TeX output 2007.10.10:0950
+%DVIPSSource:  TeX output 2008.01.10:1741
 %%BeginProcSet: tex.pro 0 0
 %!
 /TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S
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 dup 65 /A put
 dup 66 /B put
 dup 68 /D put
-dup 70 /F put
-dup 71 /G put
 dup 72 /H put
 dup 73 /I put
-dup 76 /L put
 dup 77 /M put
 dup 78 /N put
 dup 79 /O put
 dup 80 /P put
 dup 82 /R put
 dup 83 /S put
-dup 85 /U put
 dup 88 /X put
 dup 97 /a put
 dup 98 /b put
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+g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)43 b Fb(3)2025
+3077 y(initialization)28 b(\014le,)e(readline)7 b Fc(.)13
+b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
+(.)f(.)g(.)33 b Fb(94)2025 3167 y(installation)11 b Fc(.)j(.)e(.)h(.)f
+(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
+h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)37 b Fb(123)2025
+3258 y(in)n(teraction,)26 b(readline)9 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
-f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48
-b Fb(3)2025 3932 y(job)26 b(con)n(trol)12 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
+f(.)g(.)35 b Fb(91)2025 3348 y(in)n(teractiv)n(e)26 b(shell)20
+b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
+(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)45 b Fb(71,)27
+b(73)2025 3438 y(in)n(ternationalization)21 b Fc(.)12
+b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
+(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)45 b Fb(7)2025 3688
+y Fr(J)2025 3811 y Fb(job)22 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
+h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
+(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48
+b Fb(3)2025 3901 y(job)26 b(con)n(trol)12 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
 h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fb(3,)26 b(87)2025
-4192 y Fr(K)2025 4312 y Fb(kill)g(ring)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
+4168 y Fr(K)2025 4290 y Fb(kill)g(ring)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)40
-b Fb(93)2025 4401 y(killing)26 b(text)16 b Fc(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
+b Fb(93)2025 4381 y(killing)26 b(text)16 b Fc(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(93)2025
-4661 y Fr(L)2025 4781 y Fb(lo)r(calization)10 b Fc(.)15
+4647 y Fr(L)2025 4770 y Fb(lo)r(calization)10 b Fc(.)15
 b(.)d(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)36
-b Fb(7)2025 4871 y(login)26 b(shell)13 b Fc(.)h(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
+b Fb(7)2025 4860 y(login)26 b(shell)13 b Fc(.)h(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)39 b Fb(71)2025
-5131 y Fr(M)2025 5251 y Fb(matc)n(hing,)26 b(pattern)7
+5127 y Fr(M)2025 5250 y Fb(matc)n(hing,)26 b(pattern)7
 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)33 b Fb(24)2025
 5340 y(metac)n(haracter)17 b Fc(.)d(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
diff --git a/doc/bashref.toc b/doc/bashref.toc
index da15aef0d..550561f6d 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.toc
+++ b/doc/bashref.toc
@@ -126,9 +126,7 @@
 \appendixentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{131}
 \appendixentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{133}
 \secentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B}{1}{137}
-\appendixentry{Copying This Manual}{C}{139}
-\secentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{1}{139}
-\subsecentry{ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents}{C}{1}{1}{145}
+\appendixentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{139}
 \appendixentry{Indexes}{D}{147}
 \secentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D}{1}{147}
 \secentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D}{2}{149}
diff --git a/doc/builtins.0 b/doc/builtins.0
index 4c287aa28..9df9186d0 100644
--- a/doc/builtins.0
+++ b/doc/builtins.0
@@ -871,13 +871,14 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
                       above) exits with a non-zero status.  The shell does not
                       exit  if  the  command that fails is part of the command
                       list immediately following a  wwhhiillee  or  uunnttiill  keyword,
-                      part  of the test in an iiff statement, part of a &&&& or ||||
-                      list, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if  the
-                      command's return value is being inverted via !!.  Failing
-                      simple commands that are part of shell functions or com-
-                      mand  lists enclosed in braces or parentheses satisfying
-                      the above conditions do not cause the shell to exit.   A
-                      trap on EERRRR, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
+                      part  of  the test in an iiff statement, part of a command
+                      executed in a &&&& or |||| list, any command in  a  pipeline
+                      but  the last, or if the command's return value is being
+                      inverted via !!.  Failing simple commands that  are  part
+                      of  shell  functions or command lists enclosed in braces
+                      or parentheses satisfying the above  conditions  do  not
+                      cause the shell to exit.  A trap on EERRRR, if set, is exe-
+                      cuted before the shell exits.
               --ff      Disable pathname expansion.
               --hh      Remember the location of commands as they are looked  up
                       for execution.  This is enabled by default.
@@ -1305,16 +1306,16 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
               non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions.   The
               EERRRR  trap  is  not executed if the failed command is part of the
               command list immediately following a  wwhhiillee  or  uunnttiill  keyword,
-              part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a &&&& or |||| list, or
-              if the command's return value is being inverted  via  !!.   These
-              are  the  same  conditions  obeyed  by the eerrrreexxiitt option.  If a
-              _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell
-              function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin-
-              ishes executing.  Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot
-              be trapped or reset.  Trapped signals that are not being ignored
-              are reset to their original values in a child process when it is
-              created.   The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid;
-              otherwise ttrraapp returns true.
+              part  of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed
+              in a &&&& or |||| list, or if the command's return  value  is  being
+              inverted  via  !!.   These  are the same conditions obeyed by the
+              eerrrreexxiitt option.  If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is exe-
+              cuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the ..
+              or ssoouurrccee builtins finishes  executing.   Signals  ignored  upon
+              entry  to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.  Trapped signals
+              that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in
+              a  child process when it is created.  The return status is false
+              if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true.
 
        ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...]
               With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted  if
diff --git a/doc/builtins.ps b/doc/builtins.ps
index 0d2db08ee..40153a7a6 100644
--- a/doc/builtins.ps
+++ b/doc/builtins.ps
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 %!PS-Adobe-3.0
 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.1
-%%CreationDate: Wed Oct 10 09:50:25 2007
+%%CreationDate: Thu Jan 10 17:41:19 2008
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 %%+ font Times-Bold
 %%+ font Times-Italic
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--.2 F(s)-.55 E .152(return v)184 304.8 R .152(alue is being in)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.4 G .152(rted via).15 F F1(!)2.652 E F0 5.152(.F)C .152
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 %%Page: 13 13
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@@ -1684,37 +1686,37 @@ Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F12.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184
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--.27 E F0 1.071(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.705
+-.27 E F0 1.072(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.705
 (cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 390 R 1.705
-(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.206 E F0 -.25(va)184 402 S .019
+(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.205 E F0 -.25(va)184 402 S .018
 (riable, if it appears in the en).25 F .019(vironment, is ignored.)-.4 F
-.018(If the shell is started with the ef)5.019 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 414
-Q 1.158 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .859
+.019(If the shell is started with the ef)5.019 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 414
+Q 1.159 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .859
 (ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user \(group\) id, and the).15 F
-F13.359 E F0 .859(option is not sup-)3.359 F .294
+F13.359 E F0 .858(option is not sup-)3.359 F .293
 (plied, these actions are tak)184 426 R .293(en and the ef)-.1 F(fecti)
 -.25 E .593 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .293(ser id is set to the real user id.).15
-F .293(If the)5.293 F F12.793 E F0 1.195
+F .294(If the)5.294 F F12.794 E F0 1.196
 (option is supplied at startup, the ef)184 438 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.495 -.15
-(ve u)-.25 H 1.195(ser id is not reset.).15 F -.45(Tu)6.196 G 1.196
+(ve u)-.25 H 1.195(ser id is not reset.).15 F -.45(Tu)6.195 G 1.195
 (rning this option of).45 F(f)-.25 E(causes the ef)184 450 Q(fecti)-.25
 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H
 (ser and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.).15 E F1
 144 462 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 474 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .445
+(cuting one command.).15 E F1144 474 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .444
 (eat unset v).35 F .444
 (ariables as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 F 2.944
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.944 G .444(pansion is).15 F .519
+(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.945 G .445(pansion is).15 F .52
 (attempted on an unset v)184 486 R .519
 (ariable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-.25
 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E -.15(ex)184 498 S(its with a non-zero status.)
@@ -1722,37 +1724,37 @@ F -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E -.15(ex)184 498 S(its with a non-zero status.)
 -.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1144 522 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315
 (xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)
 2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E
-F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 534 R F1
+F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 534 R F1
 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236
 (xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0
 SF(,)A F0(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184
 546 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E
-F1144 558 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
+F1144 558 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 570 Q
-(ault.)-.1 E F1144 582 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E
-F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 570 Q
+(ault.)-.1 E F1144 582 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E
+F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
-2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F
-3.054(tors. This)184 594 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F
+3.053(tors. This)184 594 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
 .15 F(tor)184 606 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-144 618 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on)
--2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
-(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
-F .839(mands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
-F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 642 Q F1
-144 654 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
-(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 666 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 678 Q F0 1.165
+144 618 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
+-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
+(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
+F .838(mands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 642 Q F1
+144 654 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 666 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1144 678 Q F0 1.164
 (If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164
-(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.164
-(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821
+(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165
+(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822
 (that change the current w)184 690 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
-(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 702 R(def)2.686
+(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 702 R(def)2.685
 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
 (mands which change the current directory)184 714 Q(.)-.65 E
@@ -1770,42 +1772,42 @@ E F0 .89(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
 (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 108 Q F0
 (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1144 120 Q
-F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
 (his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 132 Q
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 144 Q F0 1.945
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 132 Q/F2
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni)
+.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F12.5 E
+F0(.)A F1144 144 Q F0 1.944
 (Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g)
--.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944
-(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 156 R F1
-3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F13.445 E F0 .945
-(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)
-3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B
+-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945
+(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 156 R F1
+3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F13.446 E F0 .945
+(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
+3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B
 (parameters remain unchanged.)184 168 Q .425(The options are of)144
 184.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 196.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 196.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
+-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
 (current set of options may be found in)144 208.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
+(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
 (is encountered.)144 220.8 Q F1(shift)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
-.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
-.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.583
-E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083
-(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
+(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
+.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.582
+E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .082
+(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
+.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
 (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 273.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
 (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R
-.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
-.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R
+.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
+.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
 (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 297.6 Q F1(shopt)108 314.4 Q F0([)
 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
 -2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
@@ -1813,63 +1815,63 @@ E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0A F2(n)A F0 .083
 (vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1
 2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\
 ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 338.4 R(The)
-144 350.4 Q F12.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
-d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options)
-5.328 F(ha)144 362.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
+144 350.4 Q F12.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
+d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options)
+5.327 F(ha)144 362.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
 -.25 E F1144 374.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
 E F0(.)A F1144 386.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
 (optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1144 398.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
 put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2
-(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 410.4 R .255
-(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256
+(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 410.4 R .256
+(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256
 (guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
-2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F
+2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F
 (all)180 422.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
 2.5 E F1144 434.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
 (optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F12.5 E F0
-(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .128
-(If either)144 451.2 R F12.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F12.628 E F0
+(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127
+(If either)144 451.2 R F12.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F12.627 E F0
 .127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127
-(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.023
-(are set or unset, respecti)144 463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.023
-(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.023 F F1(shopt)3.524 E F0
-1.024(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 475.2 Q(ault.)
+(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024
+(are set or unset, respecti)144 463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024
+(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0
+1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 475.2 Q(ault.)
 -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-492 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
-4.044 F .696
+492 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
+4.045 F .696
 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 504 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
+144 504 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
 -.25 F(option.)144 516 Q(The list of)144 532.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 550.8 Q F0 .2
+(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 550.8 Q F0 .199
 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
 (ment to the)184 562.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
 (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 574.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 586.8 R .155
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
+F1(cdable_v)144 574.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 586.8 R .156
+(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
 (name of a v)184 598.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
 (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 610.8 Q F0
 1.055
 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
-10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
-(corrected. The)184 622.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
-(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 634.8 R 4.352 -.65
+10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
+(corrected. The)184 622.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
+(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
+-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 634.8 R 4.352 -.65
 (y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552
 (orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F
 (the command proceeds.)184 646.8 Q
 (This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F1(checkhash)144 658.8 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 670.8 R F1(bash)
-4.579 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F
-2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 682.8 S(cute it.).15 E
+.15 E F1(checkhash)144 658.8 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 670.8 R F1(bash)4.58
+E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079
+(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 682.8 S(cute it.).15 E
 (If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
 (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 694.8
-Q F0 .561(If set, bash lists the status of an)184 706.8 R 3.061(ys)-.15
-G .56(topped and running jobs before e)-3.061 F .56(xiting an interacti)
--.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 718.8 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)
--.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938
-(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 1.456
+Q F0 .56(If set, bash lists the status of an)184 706.8 R 3.061(ys)-.15 G
+.561(topped and running jobs before e)-3.061 F .561(xiting an interacti)
+-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 718.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)
+-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938
+(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 1.456
 (attempted without an interv)184 730.8 R 1.456(ening command \(see)-.15
 F F1 1.456(JOB CONTR)3.956 F(OL)-.3 E F0(abo)3.956 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
 3.956(\). The).15 F(shell)3.956 E(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
@@ -1882,9 +1884,9 @@ BP
 (TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(al)184 84 Q
 -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
 (obs are stopped.)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkwinsize)144 96 Q F0
-.796(If set,)184 108 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F
-3.296(ws)-.25 G .797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F
-3.297(,u)-.65 G .797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 120 S(lues of).25 E
+.797(If set,)184 108 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F
+3.297(ws)-.25 G .796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F
+3.296(,u)-.65 G .796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 120 S(lues of).25 E
 /F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9
 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 132 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1
 (bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H
@@ -1894,42 +1896,42 @@ BP
 F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165(includes \214lenames be)
 2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i)-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G
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 %%Page: 16 16
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 %%Page: 17 17
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-.786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 102 R .785
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 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 2.5
 (dence. The)144 114 R -.25(eva)2.5 G
 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 E(guments; see belo)-.18 E -.65
@@ -2110,38 +2112,38 @@ F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E
 E 2.5(2a)144 280.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
 180 292.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
-(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 304.8 R .38
-(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180
-316.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552
+(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 304.8 R .38
+(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180
+316.8 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552
 (the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F
 .552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 328.8 Q
 (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
 (xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 340.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 352.8 R .023
+(uments).18 E .024(If the second ar)180 352.8 R .023
 (gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F
-.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 364.8 Q
-1.478(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F
+.323 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CON-)2.523 E(DITION)180 364.8 Q
+1.477(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F
 1.477(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513
 (using the \214rst and third ar)180 376.8 R .513(guments as operands.)
 -.18 F(The)5.513 E F13.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F13.013 E F0
-.513(operators are considered)3.013 F .972
+.512(operators are considered)3.013 F .972
 (binary operators when there are three ar)180 388.8 R 3.472(guments. If)
 -.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.472 E F0
-3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 400.8
-R -.05(ga)-.15 G .883(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884
-(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.384(guments. If)-.18
-F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 412.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F
-(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875
-(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.374(,t)C .874
-(he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar)
+3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .884(the ne)180 400.8
+R -.05(ga)-.15 G .884(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884
+(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.383(guments. If)-.18
+F .883(the \214rst)3.383 F(ar)180 412.8 Q .874(gument is e)-.18 F
+(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.374 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.374 F .875
+(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.375(,t)C .875
+(he result is the one-ar)-3.375 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar)
 180 424.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f)
--.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 436.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384
-(If the \214rst ar)180 448.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0
-2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385
-(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)
--.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 460.8 R 4.147
-(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647
+-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 436.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385
+(If the \214rst ar)180 448.8 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0
+2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384
+(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)
+-.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 460.8 R 4.147
+(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648
 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E
 (according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 472.8 Q -.15(ve)
 -.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 484.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)
@@ -2152,53 +2154,53 @@ F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 412.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F
 accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run f\
 rom the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 537.6 Q F1(trap)108
 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
-(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command)144 566.4 R F2(ar)
-3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702
-(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G
-(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2
-(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single)
+(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 566.4 R F2(ar)
+3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702
+(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G
+(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2
+(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single)
 144 578.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F13.108 E
 F0 3.108(,e)C .608
 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
-.658(\(the v)144 590.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
--.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659
+.659(\(the v)144 590.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
+-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658
 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec)
-144.34 602.4 Q F0 .581
-(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58
-(is not present and)3.3 F F13.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214
+144.34 602.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)
+3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E
+F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F13.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215
 (been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 614.4 R
-F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215
+F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214
 F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 626.4 R F13.36
 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83
 (signal. The)144 638.4 R F12.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
-to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F
-4.311(bers. Each)144 650.4 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811
-(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81
-(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E .745
+to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31
+(bers. Each)144 650.4 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811
+(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811
+(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E .745
 (names are case insensiti)144 662.4 R 1.045 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .745
 (nd the SIG pre\214x is optional.).15 F .745(If a)5.745 F F2(sigspec)
 3.585 E F0(is)3.555 E F3(EXIT)3.245 E F0 .745(\(0\) the command)2.995 F
-F2(ar)144.33 674.4 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.63
+F2(ar)144.33 674.4 Q(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)4.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.629
 (cuted on e).15 F 1.63(xit from the shell.)-.15 F 1.63(If a)6.63 F F2
-(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.629
-(the command)3.88 F F2(ar)4.459 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.629(is e)4.349 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.206(before e)144 686.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15
-E F2 1.206(simple command)3.706 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.706 E F0(command,)
-3.706 E F2(case)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E F2(select)3.707 E F0 1.207
-(command, e)3.707 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.207(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)144
-698.4 Q F0 .412(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.913 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .412(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .412
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0(abo)144 710.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.665
-(\). Refer).15 F .166(to the description of the)2.665 F F1(extdeb)2.666
+(sigspec)4.47 E F0(is)4.44 E F3(DEB)4.13 E(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.63
+(the command)3.88 F F2(ar)4.46 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.63(is e)4.35 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.207(before e)144 686.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2
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+F2(case)3.706 E F0(command,)3.706 E F2(select)3.706 E F0 1.206
+(command, e)3.706 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.206(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)144
+698.4 Q F0 .412(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.912 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .412(cutes in a shell function \(see).15 F F3 .413
+(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.912 F F0(abo)144 710.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.666
+(\). Refer).15 F .166(to the description of the)2.666 F F1(extdeb)2.666
 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .166(option to the)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0 -.2(bu)
-2.666 G .166(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E 1.981(on the)
-144 722.4 R F1(DEB)4.481 E(UG)-.1 E F0 4.481(trap. If)4.481 F(a)4.481 E
-F2(sigspec)4.821 E F0(is)4.791 E F3(ERR)4.481 E F4(,)A F0 1.981
-(the command)4.231 F F2(ar)4.811 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.98(is e)4.7 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G 1.98(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.48(ras).15 G(imple)-4.48
-E(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(17)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+2.666 G .166(iltin for details of its ef).2 F(fect)-.25 E 1.98(on the)
+144 722.4 R F1(DEB)4.48 E(UG)-.1 E F0 4.48(trap. If)4.48 F(a)4.48 E F2
+(sigspec)4.821 E F0(is)4.791 E F3(ERR)4.481 E F4(,)A F0 1.981
+(the command)4.231 F F2(ar)4.811 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.981(is e)4.701 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G 1.981(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.481(ras).15 G(imple)
+-4.481 E(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(17)198.725 E 0 Cg
+EP
 %%Page: 18 18
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
@@ -2211,93 +2213,92 @@ BP
 F -.15(exe)144 96 S .105(cuted if the f).15 F .105
 (ailed command is part of the command list immediately follo)-.1 F .105
 (wing a)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.605 E F0(or)2.605 E F2
-(until)2.605 E F0 -.1(ke)144 108 S(yw)-.05 E .936
-(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(if)3.446 E F0
-.936(statement, part of a)5.396 F F2(&&)3.436 E F0(or)3.436 E/F4 10
-/Symbol SF3.436 E F0 .936(list, or if the command')3.436 F 3.436
-(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.436 E -.25(va)144 120 S 1.095(lue is being in).25 F
--.15(ve)-.4 G 1.094(rted via).15 F F2(!)3.594 E F0 6.094(.T)C 1.094
-(hese are the same conditions obe)-6.094 F 1.094(yed by the)-.15 F F2
-(err)3.594 E(exit)-.18 E F0 3.594(option. If)3.594 F(a)3.594 E F3
-(sigspec)144.34 132 Q F0(is)3.348 E F1(RETURN)3.038 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0
-SF(,)A F0 .538(the command)2.788 F F3(ar)3.368 E(g)-.37 E F0 .538(is e)
-3.258 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .538
-(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted).15 E .506(with the)144 144 R F2(.)3.006 E F0(or)3.006 E F2(sour)
-3.006 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.006 G .506(iltins \214nishes e).2 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 3.006(cuting. Signals).15 F .505
-(ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be)3.006 F .703
-(trapped or reset.)144 156 R -.35(Tr)5.703 G .704
-(apped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original v)
-.35 F .704(alues in a)-.25 F .224(child process when it is created.)144
-168 R .224(The return status is f)5.224 F .224(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E
-F3(sigspec)3.064 E F0 .224(is in)3.034 F -.25(va)-.4 G .224
-(lid; otherwise).25 F F2(trap)2.724 E F0(returns true.)144 180 Q F2
-(type)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)
-2.5 E F3(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 208.8 S .173
-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F3(name)
-3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
-F2144 220.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0
+(until)2.605 E F0 -.1(ke)144 108 S(yw)-.05 E .549
+(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(if)3.059 E F0
+.549(statement, part of a command e)5.009 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .549
+(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.049 E F0(or)3.049 E/F4 10/Symbol SF3.049
+E F0 .549(list, or if)3.049 F .577(the command')144 120 R 3.077(sr)-.55
+G .577(eturn v)-3.077 F .577(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .577
+(rted via).15 F F2(!)3.077 E F0 5.578(.T)C .578
+(hese are the same conditions obe)-5.578 F .578(yed by the)-.15 F F2
+(err)144 132 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 3.031(option. If)3.031 F(a)3.031 E F3
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+(,)A F0 .531(the command)2.781 F F3(ar)3.361 E(g)-.37 E F0 .531(is e)
+3.251 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .53(cuted each time a shell function).15 F .316
+(or a script e)144 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .317(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)
+2.817 E F0(or)2.817 E F2(sour)2.817 E(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.817 G .317
+(iltins \214nishes e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.817(cuting. Signals).15 F
+.317(ignored upon entry to)2.817 F .787
+(the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 156 R -.35(Tr)5.787 G .787
+(apped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their).35 F 1.1
+(original v)144 168 R 1.1(alues in a child process when it is created.)
+-.25 F 1.1(The return status is f)6.1 F 1.1(alse if an)-.1 F(y)-.15 E F3
+(sigspec)3.94 E F0(is)3.91 E(in)144 180 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise)
+.25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5
+E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name)A F0(...])2.5 E
+-.4(Wi)144 208.8 S .174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G
+(ach)-2.674 E F3(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
+(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
+F2144 220.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F2(type)3.342 E F0
 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F3(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
 F3 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F3(function)3.343 E F0
-(,).24 E F3 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F3
-(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F3(name)144.36 232.8 Q F0 .086
-(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F3
-(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
+(,).24 E F3 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F3
+(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F3(name)144.36 232.8 Q F0 .087
+(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
+(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F3
+(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118
 (found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 244.8 R .118
-(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
-F22.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855
+(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
+F22.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F2(type)2.619 E F0 .855
 (either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 256.8 R .855
 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F3(name)3.715 E F0
-.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if)
-144 268.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
-G .641(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E
-F23.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F1 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189
-E F0 .112(search for each)144 280.8 R F3(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
-(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0
--.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
-.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F22.613 E
-F0(and)144 292.8 Q F22.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
-.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F1
--.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F5(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F22.944
-E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 304.8 R F2(type)2.765 E F0 .265
-(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265
-(cutable named).15 F F3(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
-(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the)
+.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144
+268.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641
+(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F2
+3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F1 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)
+-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 280.8 R F3(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)
+C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613
+F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113
+(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F2
+2.612 E F0(and)144 292.8 Q F22.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v)
+2.944 F .444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)
+-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E F5(.)A F0 .445(If the)4.945 F F2
+2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 304.8 R F2(type)2.765
+E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F3(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
+(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426(and functions, if and only if the)
 144 316.8 R F22.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
-.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548
-(consulted when using)144 328.8 R F23.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
--5.548 E F23.048 E F0 .549
-(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F2
-(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 340.8 S(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5 E F0
+.427(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549
+(consulted when using)144 328.8 R F23.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he)
+-5.549 E F23.049 E F0 .548
+(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F2
+(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 340.8 S(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5 E F0
 (returns true if an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he ar)-2.5 E
 (guments are found, f)-.18 E(alse if none are found.)-.1 E F2(ulimit)108
 357.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255SHacde\214lmnpqrstuvx)A F0([)2.5 E F3(limit)A
-F0(]])A(Pro)144 369.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744
-(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
+F0(]])A(Pro)144 369.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743
+(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.943(that allo)144 381.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
-(The)5.943 E F23.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F23.444 E F0 .944
+.944(that allo)144 381.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
+(The)5.944 E F23.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F23.444 E F0 .943
 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 393.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
+144 393.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 405.6 R .425
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F22.926 E
-F0(nor)2.926 E F22.926 E F0 .426
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
+ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 405.6 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F22.925 E
+F0(nor)2.925 E F22.925 E F0 .425
+(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
 417.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F3(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.741(of the special v)144 429.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F2
+.742(of the special v)144 429.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2
 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
 C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
 (soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 441.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F3(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 453.6 R F22.999 E F0
-.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
+F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 453.6 R F22.999 E F0
+.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498
 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
 (limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 465.6 Q 2.5
 (alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
@@ -2312,8 +2313,8 @@ F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
 (ed into memory)-.1 E F2144 561.6 Q F0
 (The maximum resident set size)21.97 E F2144 573.6 Q F0 .791(The \
 maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
-585.6 Q F2144 597.6 Q F0
+24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
+(be set\))180 585.6 Q F2144 597.6 Q F0
 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2
 144 609.6 Q F0
 (The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F2144
@@ -2328,14 +2329,14 @@ F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843
 (wv)-.25 G .343(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F2
 2.843 E F0 .343(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F
-.176(option is gi)144 710.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F2
-2.676 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F2
-2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 722.4
-Q F22.697 E F0 2.697(,w)C .197
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.697 F F22.698 E F0
-(and)2.698 E F22.698 E F0 2.698(,w)C .198(hich are unscaled v)
--2.698 F 2.698(alues. The)-.25 F(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
+.175(option is gi)144 710.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F2
+2.675 E F0 .175(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F2
+2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 722.4
+Q F22.698 E F0 2.698(,w)C .198
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.698 F F22.698 E F0
+(and)2.698 E F22.697 E F0 2.697(,w)C .197(hich are unscaled v)
+-2.697 F 2.697(alues. The)-.25 F(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
 148.735 E(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 19 19
 %%BeginPageSetup
@@ -2354,15 +2355,15 @@ BP
 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
 therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
 pted by)144 136.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-148.8 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+148.8 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F12.882 E F0 .382
 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
 (printed in symbolic form; the def)144 160.8 R .547
 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
 (he)-3.047 E F13.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 172.8 Q F0 .551
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 184.8 Q
+(mode)144.38 172.8 Q F0 .552
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 184.8 Q
 (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
 (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
 (unalias)108 201.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
@@ -2372,39 +2373,39 @@ F14.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
 F(remo)144 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
 (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
 (is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 242.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 254.4 S 3.106
-(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F2(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E
-.906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607
-(ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the)
-5.607 F F1144 266.4 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.305(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
-2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304
-(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1144 278.4 Q F0 .459
-(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F2(name)3.319 E F0 .459
-(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 290.4 R .903
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 254.4 S 3.107
+(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E
+.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607
+(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the)
+5.607 F F1144 266.4 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
+2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305
+(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1144 278.4 Q F0 .46
+(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459
+(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14
+F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 290.4 R .902
 (ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902
-(rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F
-(If)5.902 E(an)144 302.4 Q 4.284(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.284 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(RANDOM)4.284 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3
+(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F
+(If)5.903 E(an)144 302.4 Q 4.285(yo)-.15 G(f)-4.285 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF(RANDOM)4.285 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.035 E F4(,)A F3
 (LINENO)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.035 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)4.035 E(AME)
 -.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.035 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.035 E F3(DIRST)
-4.285 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.035 E .329(unset, the)144
-314.4 R 2.829(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.829 F
+4.284 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0(are)4.034 E .328(unset, the)144
+314.4 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)-2.828 F
 -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)-2.828 G(he)-2.828 E 2.828(ya)
--.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .328
+-.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)-2.828 F .328(The e)5.328 F .329
 (xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 326.4 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0
 (is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C
 (..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 355.2 S .288
 (it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
-(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
+(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
 (job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 367.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
 .722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722
 (ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E
-F2(n)3.582 E F0(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 379.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265
-(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
-(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266
-(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F2(n)4.126 E F0 .457
+F2(n)3.583 E F0(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 379.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
+(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
+(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265
+(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456
 (speci\214es a non-e)144 391.2 R .457
 (xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457
 (Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 403.2 S
diff --git a/doc/rbash.ps b/doc/rbash.ps
index 651f59f99..867e73a42 100644
--- a/doc/rbash.ps
+++ b/doc/rbash.ps
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 %!PS-Adobe-3.0
 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.1
-%%CreationDate: Wed Oct 10 09:50:26 2007
+%%CreationDate: Thu Jan 10 17:41:20 2008
 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
 %%+ font Times-Bold
 %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 1
diff --git a/lib/readline/display.c b/lib/readline/display.c
index 8cfd693ba..3dad963ae 100644
--- a/lib/readline/display.c
+++ b/lib/readline/display.c
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ struct line_state
 static struct line_state line_state_array[2];
 static struct line_state *line_state_visible = &line_state_array[0];
 static struct line_state *line_state_invisible = &line_state_array[1];
+static int line_structures_initialized = 0;
 
 /* Backwards-compatible names. */
 #define inv_lbreaks	(line_state_invisible->lbreaks)
@@ -471,8 +472,7 @@ init_line_structures (minsize)
     {
       /* should be enough. */
       inv_lbsize = vis_lbsize = 256;
-      inv_lbreaks = (int *)xmalloc (inv_lbsize * sizeof (int));
-      vis_lbreaks = (int *)xmalloc (vis_lbsize * sizeof (int));
+
 #if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
       line_state_visible->wbsize = vis_lbsize;
       line_state_visible->wrapped_line = (int *)xmalloc (line_state_visible->wbsize * sizeof (int));
@@ -480,8 +480,13 @@ init_line_structures (minsize)
       line_state_invisible->wbsize = inv_lbsize;
       line_state_invisible->wrapped_line = (int *)xmalloc (line_state_invisible->wbsize * sizeof (int));
 #endif
+
+      inv_lbreaks = (int *)xmalloc (inv_lbsize * sizeof (int));
+      vis_lbreaks = (int *)xmalloc (vis_lbsize * sizeof (int));
       inv_lbreaks[0] = vis_lbreaks[0] = 0;
     }
+
+  line_structures_initialized = 1;
 }
   
 /* Basic redisplay algorithm. */
@@ -507,7 +512,7 @@ rl_redisplay ()
   if (!rl_display_prompt)
     rl_display_prompt = "";
 
-  if (invisible_line == 0 || vis_lbreaks == 0)
+  if (line_structures_initialized == 0)
     {
       init_line_structures (0);
       rl_on_new_line ();
diff --git a/lib/readline/display.c~ b/lib/readline/display.c~
index 0f74b7897..58e12f75d 100644
--- a/lib/readline/display.c~
+++ b/lib/readline/display.c~
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ struct line_state
 static struct line_state line_state_array[2];
 static struct line_state *line_state_visible = &line_state_array[0];
 static struct line_state *line_state_invisible = &line_state_array[1];
+static int line_structures_initialized = 0;
 
 /* Backwards-compatible names. */
 #define inv_lbreaks	(line_state_invisible->lbreaks)
@@ -471,8 +472,7 @@ init_line_structures (minsize)
     {
       /* should be enough. */
       inv_lbsize = vis_lbsize = 256;
-      inv_lbreaks = (int *)xmalloc (inv_lbsize * sizeof (int));
-      vis_lbreaks = (int *)xmalloc (vis_lbsize * sizeof (int));
+
 #if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
       line_state_visible->wbsize = vis_lbsize;
       line_state_visible->wrapped_line = (int *)xmalloc (line_state_visible->wbsize * sizeof (int));
@@ -480,8 +480,13 @@ init_line_structures (minsize)
       line_state_invisible->wbsize = inv_lbsize;
       line_state_invisible->wrapped_line = (int *)xmalloc (line_state_invisible->wbsize * sizeof (int));
 #endif
+
+      inv_lbreaks = (int *)xmalloc (inv_lbsize * sizeof (int));
+      vis_lbreaks = (int *)xmalloc (vis_lbsize * sizeof (int));
       inv_lbreaks[0] = vis_lbreaks[0] = 0;
     }
+
+  line_structures_initialized = 1;
 }
   
 /* Basic redisplay algorithm. */
@@ -507,7 +512,7 @@ rl_redisplay ()
   if (!rl_display_prompt)
     rl_display_prompt = "";
 
-  if (invisible_line == 0 || vis_lbreaks == 0)
+  if (line_structures_initialized == 0)
     {
       init_line_structures (0);
       rl_on_new_line ();
@@ -651,6 +656,7 @@ rl_redisplay ()
 #endif
 
 #if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+  if (line_state_invisible 
   memset (line_state_invisible->wrapped_line, 0, line_state_invisible->wbsize * sizeof (int));
   num = 0;
 #endif
@@ -938,8 +944,9 @@ rl_redisplay ()
 	     second and subsequent lines start at inv_lbreaks[N], offset by
 	     OFFSET (which has already been calculated above).  */
 
+#define INVIS_FIRST()	(prompt_physical_chars > _rl_screenwidth ? prompt_invis_chars_first_line : wrap_offset)
 #define WRAP_OFFSET(line, offset)  ((line == 0) \
-					? (offset ? prompt_invis_chars_first_line : 0) \
+					? (offset ? INVIS_FIRST() : 0) \
 					: ((line == prompt_last_screen_line) ? wrap_offset-prompt_invis_chars_first_line : 0))
 #define W_OFFSET(line, offset) ((line) == 0 ? offset : 0)
 #define VIS_LLEN(l)	((l) > _rl_vis_botlin ? 0 : (vis_lbreaks[l+1] - vis_lbreaks[l]))
@@ -1618,9 +1625,6 @@ update_line (old, new, current_line, omax, nmax, inv_botlin)
 	    }
 	  else
 	    {
-	      /* We have horizontal scrolling and we are not inserting at
-		 the end.  We have invisible characters in this line.  This
-		 is a dumb update. */
 	      _rl_output_some_chars (nfd, temp);
 	      _rl_last_c_pos += col_temp;
 	      /* If nfd begins before any invisible characters in the prompt,
diff --git a/subst.c b/subst.c
index 0a74b9d08..38da963e6 100644
--- a/subst.c
+++ b/subst.c
@@ -1362,6 +1362,87 @@ unquote_bang (string)
 }
 #endif
 
+/* Skip characters in STRING until we find a character in DELIMS, and return
+   the index of that character.  START is the index into string at which we
+   begin.  This is similar in spirit to strpbrk, but it returns an index into
+   STRING and takes a starting index.  This little piece of code knows quite
+   a lot of shell syntax.  It's very similar to skip_double_quoted and other
+   functions of that ilk. */
+int
+skip_to_delim (string, start, delims)
+     char *string;
+     int start;
+     char *delims;
+{
+  int i, pass_next, backq, si, c;
+  size_t slen;
+  char *temp;
+  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+
+  slen = strlen (string + start) + start;
+  no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
+  i = start;
+  pass_next = backq = 0;
+  while (c = string[i])
+    {
+      if (pass_next)
+	{
+	  pass_next = 0;
+	  if (c == 0)
+	    CQ_RETURN(i);
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (c == '\\')
+	{
+	  pass_next = 1;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (backq)
+	{
+	  if (c == '`')
+	    backq = 0;
+	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (c == '`')
+	{
+	  backq = 1;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
+	{
+	  i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++i)
+			  : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++i);
+	  /* no increment, the skip functions increment past the closing quote. */
+	}
+      else if (c == '$' && (string[i+1] == LPAREN || string[i+1] == LBRACE))
+	{
+	  si = i + 2;
+	  if (string[si] == '\0')
+	    CQ_RETURN(si);
+
+	  if (string[i+1] == LPAREN)
+	    temp = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, "$(", "(", ")", SX_NOALLOC|SX_COMMAND); /* ) */
+	  else
+	    temp = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 0, SX_NOALLOC);
+	  i = si;
+	  if (string[i] == '\0')	/* don't increment i past EOS in loop */
+	    break;
+	  i++;
+	  continue;
+	}
+      else if (member (c, delims))
+	break;
+      else
+	ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
+    }
+
+  CQ_RETURN(i);
+}
+
 #if defined (READLINE)
 /* Return 1 if the portion of STRING ending at EINDEX is quoted (there is
    an unclosed quoted string), or if the character at EINDEX is quoted
@@ -1465,87 +1546,6 @@ unclosed_pair (string, eindex, openstr)
   return (openc);
 }
 
-/* Skip characters in STRING until we find a character in DELIMS, and return
-   the index of that character.  START is the index into string at which we
-   begin.  This is similar in spirit to strpbrk, but it returns an index into
-   STRING and takes a starting index.  This little piece of code knows quite
-   a lot of shell syntax.  It's very similar to skip_double_quoted and other
-   functions of that ilk. */
-int
-skip_to_delim (string, start, delims)
-     char *string;
-     int start;
-     char *delims;
-{
-  int i, pass_next, backq, si, c;
-  size_t slen;
-  char *temp;
-  DECLARE_MBSTATE;
-
-  slen = strlen (string + start) + start;
-  no_longjmp_on_fatal_error = 1;
-  i = start;
-  pass_next = backq = 0;
-  while (c = string[i])
-    {
-      if (pass_next)
-	{
-	  pass_next = 0;
-	  if (c == 0)
-	    CQ_RETURN(i);
-	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
-	  continue;
-	}
-      else if (c == '\\')
-	{
-	  pass_next = 1;
-	  i++;
-	  continue;
-	}
-      else if (backq)
-	{
-	  if (c == '`')
-	    backq = 0;
-	  ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
-	  continue;
-	}
-      else if (c == '`')
-	{
-	  backq = 1;
-	  i++;
-	  continue;
-	}
-      else if (c == '\'' || c == '"')
-	{
-	  i = (c == '\'') ? skip_single_quoted (string, slen, ++i)
-			  : skip_double_quoted (string, slen, ++i);
-	  /* no increment, the skip functions increment past the closing quote. */
-	}
-      else if (c == '$' && (string[i+1] == LPAREN || string[i+1] == LBRACE))
-	{
-	  si = i + 2;
-	  if (string[si] == '\0')
-	    CQ_RETURN(si);
-
-	  if (string[i+1] == LPAREN)
-	    temp = extract_delimited_string (string, &si, "$(", "(", ")", SX_NOALLOC|SX_COMMAND); /* ) */
-	  else
-	    temp = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, 0, SX_NOALLOC);
-	  i = si;
-	  if (string[i] == '\0')	/* don't increment i past EOS in loop */
-	    break;
-	  i++;
-	  continue;
-	}
-      else if (member (c, delims))
-	break;
-      else
-	ADVANCE_CHAR (string, slen, i);
-    }
-
-  CQ_RETURN(i);
-}
-
 /* Split STRING (length SLEN) at DELIMS, and return a WORD_LIST with the
    individual words.  If DELIMS is NULL, the current value of $IFS is used
    to split the string, and the function follows the shell field splitting
@@ -1796,6 +1796,42 @@ string_list (list)
   return (string_list_internal (list, " "));
 }
 
+/* An external interface that can be used by the rest of the shell to
+   obtain a string containing the first character in $IFS.  Handles all
+   the multibyte complications.  If LENP is non-null, it is set to the
+   length of the returned string. */
+char *
+ifs_firstchar (lenp)
+     int *lenp;
+{
+  char *ret;
+  int len;
+
+  ret = xmalloc (MB_LEN_MAX + 1);
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+  if (ifs_firstc_len == 1)
+    {
+      ret[0] = ifs_firstc[0];
+      ret[1] = '\0';
+      len = ret[0] ? 1 : 0;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      memcpy (ret, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len);
+      ret[len = ifs_firstc_len] = '\0';
+    }
+#else
+  ret[0] = ifs_firstc;
+  ret[1] = '\0';
+  len = ret[0] ? 0 : 1;
+#endif
+
+  if (lenp)
+    *lenp = len;
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
 /* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, obeying the
    quoting rules for "$*", to wit: (P1003.2, draft 11, 3.5.2) "If the
    expansion [of $*] appears within a double quoted string, it expands
@@ -5806,7 +5842,7 @@ parameter_brace_patsub (varname, value, patsub, quoted)
      char *varname, *value, *patsub;
      int quoted;
 {
-  int vtype, mflags, starsub;
+  int vtype, mflags, starsub, delim;
   char *val, *temp, *pat, *rep, *p, *lpatsub, *tt;
   SHELL_VAR *v;
 
@@ -5841,10 +5877,21 @@ parameter_brace_patsub (varname, value, patsub, quoted)
 
   /* If the pattern starts with a `/', make sure we skip over it when looking
      for the replacement delimiter. */
+#if 0
   if (rep = quoted_strchr ((*patsub == '/') ? lpatsub+1 : lpatsub, '/', ST_BACKSL))
     *rep++ = '\0';
   else
     rep = (char *)NULL;
+#else
+  delim = skip_to_delim (lpatsub, ((*patsub == '/') ? 1 : 0), "/");
+  if (lpatsub[delim] == '/')
+    {
+      lpatsub[delim] = 0;
+      rep = lpatsub + delim + 1;
+    }
+  else
+    rep = (char *)NULL;
+#endif
 
   if (rep && *rep == '\0')
     rep = (char *)NULL;
diff --git a/subst.c~ b/subst.c~
index c9171b168..f0544be9b 100644
--- a/subst.c~
+++ b/subst.c~
@@ -1796,6 +1796,42 @@ string_list (list)
   return (string_list_internal (list, " "));
 }
 
+/* An external interface that can be used by the rest of the shell to
+   obtain a string containing the first character in $IFS.  Handles all
+   the multibyte complications.  If LENP is non-null, it is set to the
+   length of the returned string. */
+char *
+ifs_firstchar (lenp)
+     int *lenp;
+{
+  char *ret;
+  int len;
+
+  ret = xmalloc (MB_LEN_MAX + 1);
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+  if (ifs_firstc_len == 1)
+    {
+      ret[0] = ifs_firstc[0];
+      ret[1] = '\0';
+      len = ret[0] ? 1 : 0;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      memcpy (ret, ifs_firstc, ifs_firstc_len);
+      ret[len = ifs_firstc_len] = '\0';
+    }
+#else
+  ret[0] = ifs_firstc;
+  ret[1] = '\0';
+  len = ret[0] ? 0 : 1;
+#endif
+
+  if (lenp)
+    *lenp = len;
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
 /* Return a single string of all the words present in LIST, obeying the
    quoting rules for "$*", to wit: (P1003.2, draft 11, 3.5.2) "If the
    expansion [of $*] appears within a double quoted string, it expands
@@ -5806,7 +5842,7 @@ parameter_brace_patsub (varname, value, patsub, quoted)
      char *varname, *value, *patsub;
      int quoted;
 {
-  int vtype, mflags, starsub;
+  int vtype, mflags, starsub, delim;
   char *val, *temp, *pat, *rep, *p, *lpatsub, *tt;
   SHELL_VAR *v;
 
@@ -5841,10 +5877,21 @@ parameter_brace_patsub (varname, value, patsub, quoted)
 
   /* If the pattern starts with a `/', make sure we skip over it when looking
      for the replacement delimiter. */
+#if 0
   if (rep = quoted_strchr ((*patsub == '/') ? lpatsub+1 : lpatsub, '/', ST_BACKSL))
     *rep++ = '\0';
   else
     rep = (char *)NULL;
+#else
+  delim = skip_to_delim (lpatsub, ((*patsub == '/') ? 1 : 0), "/");
+  if (lpatsub[delim] == '/')
+    {
+      lpatsub[delim] = 0;
+      rep = lpatsub + delim + 1;
+    }
+  else
+    rep = (char *)NULL;
+#endif
 
   if (rep && *rep == '\0')
     rep = (char *)NULL;
@@ -7034,7 +7081,7 @@ add_string:
 	      free (temp);
 	      temp = temp1;
 	      sindex += t_index;
-	      goto add_string;
+	      goto add_quoted_string;		/* XXX was add_string */
 	    }
 	  else
 	    {
diff --git a/subst.h b/subst.h
index 181f10aa2..6126a7abe 100644
--- a/subst.h
+++ b/subst.h
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ extern void word_list_remove_quoted_nulls __P((WORD_LIST *));
    STRING. */
 extern WORD_LIST *list_string __P((char *, char *, int));
 
+extern char *ifs_firstchar  __P((int *));
 extern char *get_word_from_string __P((char **, char *, char **));
 extern char *strip_trailing_ifs_whitespace __P((char *, char *, int));
 
@@ -239,10 +240,11 @@ extern char *remove_backslashes __P((char *));
 extern char *cond_expand_word __P((WORD_DESC *, int));
 #endif
 
+extern int skip_to_delim __P((char *, int, char *));
+
 #if defined (READLINE)
 extern int char_is_quoted __P((char *, int));
 extern int unclosed_pair __P((char *, int, char *));
-extern int skip_to_delim __P((char *, int, char *));
 extern WORD_LIST *split_at_delims __P((char *, int, char *, int, int *, int *));
 #endif
 
diff --git a/subst.h~ b/subst.h~
index a2aff0113..f1744b969 100644
--- a/subst.h~
+++ b/subst.h~
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* subst.h -- Names of externally visible functions in subst.c. */
 
-/* Copyright (C) 1993-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
 
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ extern void word_list_remove_quoted_nulls __P((WORD_LIST *));
    STRING. */
 extern WORD_LIST *list_string __P((char *, char *, int));
 
+extern char *ifs_firstchar  __P((int *));
 extern char *get_word_from_string __P((char **, char *, char **));
 extern char *strip_trailing_ifs_whitespace __P((char *, char *, int));
 
diff --git a/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST b/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST
index 3efcf32d6..72ec06a2c 100755
--- a/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST
+++ b/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current
+BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/bash/bash-current
 THIS_SH=$BUILD_DIR/bash
 PATH=$PATH:$BUILD_DIR
 
diff --git a/tests/new-exp.right b/tests/new-exp.right
index 450957052..44488e188 100644
--- a/tests/new-exp.right
+++ b/tests/new-exp.right
@@ -496,6 +496,8 @@ one
 123456789
 9
 9
+4, A B C D
+2, C D
 h
 h
 --blah
diff --git a/tests/new-exp5.sub b/tests/new-exp5.sub
index 9b3e1b350..0ee86e985 100644
--- a/tests/new-exp5.sub
+++ b/tests/new-exp5.sub
@@ -28,3 +28,13 @@ a=0123456789
 echo ${a:1}
 echo ${a: -1}
 echo ${a: ${#a}-1}
+
+# problem with bash through 3.2.33
+oIFS="$IFS"
+IFS=$'\n'
+a=(A B C D)
+b=("${a[@]}")
+echo "${#b[@]}", "${b[@]}"  # 4, A B C D -- OK
+b=("${a[@]:2}")
+echo "${#b[@]}", "${b[@]}"  # 1, C D -- bug, should be 2, C D 
+IFS="$oIFS"
-- 
2.47.3

-Bash attempts to determine when it is being run by the remote shell -daemon, usually rshd. If Bash determines it is being run by -rshd, it reads and executes commands from `~/.bashrc', if that +Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input +connected to a a network connection, as if by the remote shell +daemon, usually rshd, or the secure shell daemon sshd. +If Bash determines it is being run in +this fashion, it reads and executes commands from `~/.bashrc', if that file exists and is readable. It will not do this if invoked as sh. The `--norc' option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the @@ -6846,7 +6850,7 @@ the same, but the effective user id is not reset. [ >> ]         [Top] [Contents] -[Index] +[Index] [ ? ]