c-ares: fix/tidy-up macro initializations, avoid a deprecated function

c-ares: fix/tidy-up macro initializations, avoid a deprecated function

- replace deprecated `ares_init()` call with `ares_init_options()`.
  Follow-up to 0d4fdbf15d8eec908b3e63b606f112b18a63015e #16054

- dedupe `CARES_STATICLIB` initalizations into `curl_setup.h`, to
  ensure it's defined before the first (and every) `ares.h` include and
  avoid a potential confusion.

- move `CARES_NO_DEPRECATED` from build level to `curl_setup.h`.
  To work regardless of build system.
  It is necessary because curl calls `ares_getsock()` from two places,
  of which one feeds a chain of wrappers: `Curl_ares_getsock()`,
  `Curl_resolver_getsock()`, `Curl_resolv_getsock()`.

Closes #16131