fat: Implement fileattr_get for case sensitivity

fat: Implement fileattr_get for case sensitivity

Report FAT's case sensitivity behavior via the FS_XFLAG_CASEFOLD
and FS_XFLAG_CASENONPRESERVING flags. FAT filesystems are
case-insensitive by default.

MSDOS supports a 'nocase' mount option that enables case-sensitive
behavior; check this option when reporting case sensitivity.

VFAT long filename entries preserve case; without VFAT, only
uppercased 8.3 short names are stored. MSDOS with 'nocase' also
preserves case since the name-formatting code skips upcasing when
'nocase' is set. Check both options when reporting case preservation.

Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Roland Mainz <roland.mainz@nrubsig.org>
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260507-case-sensitivity-v14-3-e62cc8200435@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>