lib: provide a getaddrinfo wrapper

lib: provide a getaddrinfo wrapper

This uses c-ares under the hood and supports the CURL_DNS_SERVER
environment variable - for debug builds only. The getaddrinfo()
replacement function is only used if CURL_DNS_SERVER is set to make a
debug build work more like a release version without the variable set.

'override-dns' is a new feature for the test suite when curl can be told
to use a dedicated DNS server, and test 2102 is the first to require
this.

Requires c-ares 1.26.0 or later.

Closes #17134