<listitem><para>Clones a container or VM image. The arguments specify the name of the image to clone and the
name of the newly cloned image. Note that plain directory container images are cloned into btrfs subvolume
images with this command, if the underlying file system supports this. Note that cloning a container or VM
- image is optimized for btrfs file systems, and might not be efficient on others, due to file system
- limitations.</para>
+ image is optimized for file systems that support copy-on-write, and might not be efficient on others, due to
+ file system limitations.</para>
<para>Note that this command leaves host name, machine ID and
all other settings that could identify the instance
<filename>/var/lib/machines/</filename> to make them available for
control with <command>machinectl</command>.</para>
- <para>Note that many image operations are only supported,
+ <para>Note that some image operations are only supported,
efficient or atomic on btrfs file systems. Due to this, if the
<command>pull-tar</command>, <command>pull-raw</command>,
<command>import-tar</command>, <command>import-raw</command> and
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--template=</option></term>
- <listitem><para>Directory or <literal>btrfs</literal>
- subvolume to use as template for the container's root
- directory. If this is specified and the container's root
- directory (as configured by <option>--directory=</option>)
- does not yet exist it is created as <literal>btrfs</literal>
- subvolume and populated from this template tree. Ideally, the
- specified template path refers to the root of a
- <literal>btrfs</literal> subvolume, in which case a simple
- copy-on-write snapshot is taken, and populating the root
- directory is instant. If the specified template path does not
- refer to the root of a <literal>btrfs</literal> subvolume (or
- not even to a <literal>btrfs</literal> file system at all),
- the tree is copied, which can be substantially more
- time-consuming. Note that if this option is used the
- container's root directory (in contrast to the template
- directory!) must be located on a <literal>btrfs</literal> file
- system, so that the <literal>btrfs</literal> subvolume may be
- created. May not be specified together with
- <option>--image=</option> or
+ <listitem><para>Directory or <literal>btrfs</literal> subvolume to use as template for the container's root
+ directory. If this is specified and the container's root directory (as configured by
+ <option>--directory=</option>) does not yet exist it is created as <literal>btrfs</literal> snapshot (if
+ supported) or plain directory (otherwise) and populated from this template tree. Ideally, the specified
+ template path refers to the root of a <literal>btrfs</literal> subvolume, in which case a simple copy-on-write
+ snapshot is taken, and populating the root directory is instant. If the specified template path does not refer
+ to the root of a <literal>btrfs</literal> subvolume (or not even to a <literal>btrfs</literal> file system at
+ all), the tree is copied (though possibly in a copy-on-write scheme — if the file system supports that), which
+ can be substantially more time-consuming. May not be specified together with <option>--image=</option> or
<option>--ephemeral</option>.</para>
<para>Note that this switch leaves host name, machine ID and
</example>
<example>
- <title>Boot into an ephemeral <literal>btrfs</literal> snapshot of the host system</title>
+ <title>Boot into an ephemeral snapshot of the host system</title>
<programlisting># systemd-nspawn -D / -xb</programlisting>
- <para>This runs a copy of the host system in a
- <literal>btrfs</literal> snapshot which is removed immediately
- when the container exits. All file system changes made during
- runtime will be lost on shutdown, hence.</para>
+ <para>This runs a copy of the host system in a snapshot which is removed immediately when the container
+ exits. All file system changes made during runtime will be lost on shutdown, hence.</para>
</example>
<example>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/loop.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "alloc-util.h"
#include "btrfs-ctree.h"
#include "btrfs-util.h"
+#include "chattr-util.h"
#include "copy.h"
#include "fd-util.h"
#include "fileio.h"
#include "macro.h"
#include "missing.h"
#include "path-util.h"
+#include "rm-rf.h"
#include "selinux-util.h"
#include "smack-util.h"
#include "sparse-endian.h"
if (r < 0)
return r;
if (r == 0) {
+ bool plain_directory = false;
+
+ /* If the source isn't a proper subvolume, fail unless fallback is requested */
if (!(flags & BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY))
return -EISDIR;
r = btrfs_subvol_make(new_path);
- if (r < 0)
+ if (r == -ENOTTY && (flags & BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY)) {
+ /* If the destination doesn't support subvolumes, then use a plain directory, if that's requested. */
+ if (mkdir(new_path, 0755) < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ plain_directory = true;
+ } else if (r < 0)
return r;
r = copy_directory_fd(old_fd, new_path, true);
- if (r < 0) {
- (void) btrfs_subvol_remove(new_path, BTRFS_REMOVE_QUOTA);
- return r;
- }
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto fallback_fail;
if (flags & BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY) {
- r = btrfs_subvol_set_read_only(new_path, true);
- if (r < 0) {
- (void) btrfs_subvol_remove(new_path, BTRFS_REMOVE_QUOTA);
- return r;
+
+ if (plain_directory) {
+ /* Plain directories have no recursive read-only flag, but something pretty close to
+ * it: the IMMUTABLE bit. Let's use this here, if this is requested. */
+
+ if (flags & BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_IMMUTABLE)
+ (void) chattr_path(new_path, FS_IMMUTABLE_FL, FS_IMMUTABLE_FL);
+ } else {
+ r = btrfs_subvol_set_read_only(new_path, true);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto fallback_fail;
}
}
return 0;
+
+ fallback_fail:
+ (void) rm_rf(new_path, REMOVE_ROOT|REMOVE_PHYSICAL|REMOVE_SUBVOLUME);
+ return r;
}
r = extract_subvolume_name(new_path, &subvolume);
} BtrfsQuotaInfo;
typedef enum BtrfsSnapshotFlags {
- BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY = 1,
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY = 1, /* If the source isn't a subvolume, reflink everything */
BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY = 2,
BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE = 4,
BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA = 8,
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY = 16, /* If the destination doesn't support subvolumes, reflink/copy instead */
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_IMMUTABLE = 32, /* When we can't create a subvolume, use the FS_IMMUTABLE attribute for indicating read-only */
} BtrfsSnapshotFlags;
typedef enum BtrfsRemoveFlags {
if (force_local)
(void) rm_rf(p, REMOVE_ROOT|REMOVE_PHYSICAL|REMOVE_SUBVOLUME);
- r = btrfs_subvol_snapshot(final, p, BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA);
- if (r == -ENOTTY) {
- r = copy_tree(final, p, false);
- if (r < 0)
- return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to copy image: %m");
- } else if (r < 0)
+ r = btrfs_subvol_snapshot(final, p,
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA|
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY|
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY|
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE);
+ if (r < 0)
return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create local image: %m");
log_info("Created new local image '%s'.", local);
_cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *fds = NULL;
int r, n_fd_passed, loop_nr = -1, ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
char veth_name[IFNAMSIZ] = "";
- bool secondary = false, remove_subvol = false, remove_image = false;
+ bool secondary = false, remove_directory = false, remove_image = false;
pid_t pid = 0;
union in_addr_union exposed = {};
_cleanup_release_lock_file_ LockFile tree_global_lock = LOCK_FILE_INIT, tree_local_lock = LOCK_FILE_INIT;
goto finish;
}
- r = btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_directory, np, (arg_read_only ? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY : 0) | BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY | BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE | BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA);
+ r = btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_directory, np,
+ (arg_read_only ? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY : 0) |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA);
if (r < 0) {
log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create snapshot %s from %s: %m", np, arg_directory);
goto finish;
arg_directory = np;
np = NULL;
- remove_subvol = true;
+ remove_directory = true;
} else {
r = image_path_lock(arg_directory, (arg_read_only ? LOCK_SH : LOCK_EX) | LOCK_NB, &tree_global_lock, &tree_local_lock);
}
if (arg_template) {
- r = btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_template, arg_directory, (arg_read_only ? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY : 0) | BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY | BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE | BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA);
+ r = btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_template, arg_directory,
+ (arg_read_only ? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY : 0) |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_IMMUTABLE |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA);
if (r == -EEXIST) {
if (!arg_quiet)
log_info("Directory %s already exists, not populating from template %s.", arg_directory, arg_template);
loop_remove(loop_nr, &image_fd);
- if (remove_subvol && arg_directory) {
+ if (remove_directory && arg_directory) {
int k;
- k = btrfs_subvol_remove(arg_directory, BTRFS_REMOVE_RECURSIVE|BTRFS_REMOVE_QUOTA);
+ k = rm_rf(arg_directory, REMOVE_ROOT|REMOVE_PHYSICAL|REMOVE_SUBVOLUME);
if (k < 0)
- log_warning_errno(k, "Cannot remove subvolume '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_directory);
+ log_warning_errno(k, "Cannot remove '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_directory);
}
if (remove_image && arg_image) {
new_path = strjoina("/var/lib/machines/", new_name);
- r = btrfs_subvol_snapshot(i->path, new_path, (read_only ? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY : 0) | BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY | BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE | BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA);
- if (r == -EOPNOTSUPP) {
- /* No btrfs snapshots supported, create a normal directory then. */
-
- r = copy_directory(i->path, new_path, false);
- if (r >= 0)
- (void) chattr_path(new_path, read_only ? FS_IMMUTABLE_FL : 0, FS_IMMUTABLE_FL);
- } else if (r >= 0)
+ r = btrfs_subvol_snapshot(i->path, new_path,
+ (read_only ? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY : 0) |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_IMMUTABLE |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE |
+ BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA);
+ if (r >= 0)
/* Enable "subtree" quotas for the copy, if we didn't copy any quota from the source. */
(void) btrfs_subvol_auto_qgroup(new_path, 0, true);
projects / thirdparty / systemd.git / commitdiff
