doc/bash.1,doc/bashref.texi,lib/readline/doc/readline.3,lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
- minor wording updates and typo fixes from
G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+
+ 10/15
+ -----
+doc/bash.1,doc/bashref.texi,lib/readline/doc/readline.3,lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
+ - wording/formatting updates and typo fixes from
+ G. Branden Robinson <g.branden.robinson@gmail.com>
+
+doc/bash.1
+ - update .FN macro, use it consistently for filenames, like @file{}
+
+doc/bashref.texi
+ - make sure to use @dots and @file consistently
+
+doc/bash.1,lib/readline/doc/readline.3
+ - make sure `readline' is typeset consistently
+
+ 10/18
+ -----
+sig.c
+ - fix minix typo
script from the source directory (*note Basic Installation::). You may
need to supply the ‘--srcdir=PATH’ argument to tell ‘configure’ where
the source files are. ‘configure’ automatically checks for the source
-code in the directory that ‘configure’ is in and in '..'.
+code in the directory that ‘configure’ is in and in ‘..’.
If you have to use a ‘make’ that does not support the ‘VPATH’ variable,
you can compile Bash for one architecture at a time in the source code
1003.1 Working Group and is currently maintained by the Austin Group (a
joint working group of the IEEE, The Open Group and ISO/IEC SC22/WG15).
Today the Shell and Utilities are a volume within the set of documents
-that make up IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, and thus the former POSIX.2 (from
+that make up IEEE Std 1003.1-2024, and thus the former POSIX.2 (from
1992) is now part of the current unified POSIX standard.
The Shell and Utilities volume concentrates on the command interpreter
interface and utility programs commonly executed from the command line
or by other programs. The standard is freely available on the web at
-<https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/contents.html>.
+<https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/utilities/contents.html>.
Bash is concerned with the aspects of the shell's behavior defined by
the POSIX Shell and Utilities volume. The shell command language has of
Although Bash is an implementation of the POSIX shell specification,
there are areas where the Bash default behavior differs from the
specification. The Bash “posix mode” changes the Bash behavior in these
-areas so that it conforms to the standard more closely.
+areas so that it conforms more closely to the standard.
Starting Bash with the ‘--posix’ command-line option or executing ‘set
-o posix’ while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more closely
1. Bash ensures that the ‘POSIXLY_CORRECT’ variable is set.
- 2. When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will
- re-search ‘$PATH’ to find the new location. This is also available
- with ‘shopt -s checkhash’.
-
- 3. Bash will not insert a command without the execute bit set into the
- command hash table, even if it returns it as a (last-ditch) result
- from a ‘$PATH’ search.
+ 2. Bash reads and executes the POSIX startup files (‘$ENV’) rather
+ than the normal Bash files (*note Bash Startup Files::.
- 4. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
- exits with a non-zero status is 'Done(status)'.
+ 3. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
- 5. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
- is stopped is 'Stopped(SIGNAME)', where SIGNAME is, for example,
- ‘SIGTSTP’.
+ 4. Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are
+ recognized do not undergo alias expansion.
- 6. If the shell is interactive, Bash does not perform job
- notifications between executing commands in lists separated by ‘;’
- or newline. Non-interactive shells print status messages after a
- foreground job in a list completes.
+ 5. Alias expansion is performed when initially parsing a command
+ substitution. The default (non-posix) mode generally defers it,
+ when enabled, until the command substitution is executed. This
+ means that command substitution will not expand aliases that are
+ defined after the command substitution is initially parsed (e.g.,
+ as part of a function definition).
- 7. If the shell is interactive, Bash waits until the next prompt
- before printing the status of a background job that changes status
- or a foreground job that terminates due to a signal.
- Non-interactive shells print status messages after a foreground job
- completes.
+ 6. The ‘time’ reserved word may be used by itself as a simple command.
+ When used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell
+ and its completed children. The ‘TIMEFORMAT’ variable controls the
+ format of the timing information.
- 8. Bash permanently removes jobs from the jobs table after notifying
- the user of their termination, whether that is via ‘wait’, ‘jobs’,
- or interactive shell notification before prompting.
+ 7. The parser does not recognize ‘time’ as a reserved word if the next
+ token begins with a ‘-’.
- 9. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
+ 8. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within
+ double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be
+ used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless
+ the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal.
+ In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs.
- 10. Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are
- recognized do not undergo alias expansion.
+ 9. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
+ in a redirection unless the shell is interactive.
- 11. Alias expansion is performed when initially parsing a command
- substitution. The default mode generally defers it, when enabled,
- until the command substitution is executed. This means that
- command substitution will not expand aliases that are defined after
- the command substitution is initially parsed (e.g., as part of a
- function definition).
+ 10. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in
+ a redirection.
- 12. The POSIX ‘PS1’ and ‘PS2’ expansions of ‘!’ to the history number
- and ‘!!’ to ‘!’ are enabled, and parameter expansion is performed
- on the values of ‘PS1’ and ‘PS2’ regardless of the setting of the
- ‘promptvars’ option.
+ 11. Function names must be valid shell ‘name’s. That is, they may not
+ contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and
+ may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid
+ name in a non-interactive shell is a fatal syntax error.
- 13. The POSIX startup files are executed (‘$ENV’) rather than the
- normal Bash files.
+ 12. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special
+ builtins.
- 14. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a
+ 13. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a
command name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line.
- 15. The default history file is ‘~/.sh_history’ (this is the default
- value the shell assigns to ‘$HISTFILE’).
+ 14. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to
+ the ‘#’ and ‘?’ special parameters.
- 16. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the
- word in the redirection unless the shell is interactive.
+ 15. Expanding the ‘*’ special parameter in a pattern context where the
+ expansion is double-quoted does not treat the ‘$*’ as if it were
+ double-quoted.
- 17. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in
- the redirection.
+ 16. A double quote character (‘"’) is treated specially when it
+ appears in a backquoted command substitution in the body of a
+ here-document that undergoes expansion. That means, for example,
+ that a backslash preceding a double quote character will escape it
+ and the backslash will be removed.
- 18. Function names must be valid shell ‘name’s. That is, they may not
- contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and
- may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid
- name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells.
+ 17. Command substitutions don't set the ‘?’ special parameter. The
+ exit status of a simple command without a command word is still the
+ exit status of the last command substitution that occurred while
+ evaluating the variable assignments and redirections in that
+ command, but that does not happen until after all of the
+ assignments and redirections.
+
+ 18. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of
+ the ‘PATH’ variable are not expanded as described above under *note
+ Tilde Expansion::.
- 19. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special
+ 19. Command lookup finds POSIX special builtins before shell
+ functions, including output printed by the ‘type’ and ‘command’
builtins.
20. Even if a shell function whose name contains a slash was defined
before entering POSIX mode, the shell will not execute a function
whose name contains one or more slashes.
- 21. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during
- command lookup, including output printed by the ‘type’ and
- ‘command’ builtins.
+ 21. When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will
+ re-search ‘$PATH’ to find the new location. This is also available
+ with ‘shopt -s checkhash’.
- 22. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by ‘type’), Bash
- does not print the ‘function’ keyword.
+ 22. Bash will not insert a command without the execute bit set into
+ the command hash table, even if it returns it as a (last-ditch)
+ result from a ‘$PATH’ search.
- 23. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of
- the ‘PATH’ variable are not expanded as described above under *note
- Tilde Expansion::.
+ 23. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a
+ job exits with a non-zero status is 'Done(status)'.
- 24. The ‘time’ reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When
- used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and
- its completed children. The ‘TIMEFORMAT’ variable controls the
- format of the timing information.
+ 24. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a
+ job is stopped is 'Stopped(SIGNAME)', where SIGNAME is, for
+ example, ‘SIGTSTP’.
- 25. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within
- double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be
- used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless
- the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal.
- In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs.
+ 25. If the shell is interactive, Bash does not perform job
+ notifications between executing commands in lists separated by ‘;’
+ or newline. Non-interactive shells print status messages after a
+ foreground job in a list completes.
- 26. The parser does not recognize ‘time’ as a reserved word if the
- next token begins with a ‘-’.
+ 26. If the shell is interactive, Bash waits until the next prompt
+ before printing the status of a background job that changes status
+ or a foreground job that terminates due to a signal.
+ Non-interactive shells print status messages after a foreground job
+ completes.
+
+ 27. Bash permanently removes jobs from the jobs table after notifying
+ the user of their termination via the ‘wait’ or ‘jobs’ builtins.
- 27. The ‘!’ character does not introduce history expansion within a
+ 28. The ‘vi’ editing mode will invoke the ‘vi’ editor directly when
+ the ‘v’ command is run, instead of checking ‘$VISUAL’ and
+ ‘$EDITOR’.
+
+ 29. Prompt expansion enables the POSIX ‘PS1’ and ‘PS2’ expansions of
+ ‘!’ to the history number and ‘!!’ to ‘!’, and Bash performs
+ parameter expansion on the values of ‘PS1’ and ‘PS2’ regardless of
+ the setting of the ‘promptvars’ option.
+
+ 30. The default history file is ‘~/.sh_history’ (this is the default
+ value the shell assigns to ‘$HISTFILE’).
+
+ 31. The ‘!’ character does not introduce history expansion within a
double-quoted string, even if the ‘histexpand’ option is enabled.
- 28. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
+ 32. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by ‘type’), Bash
+ does not print the ‘function’ keyword.
+
+ 33. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
+ expansion results in an invalid expression.
+
+ 34. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs.
+
+ 35. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in
the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect
options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for
assignments preceding the command name, and so on.
- 29. The ‘unset’ builtin with the ‘-v’ option specified returns a fatal
- error if it attempts to unset a ‘readonly’ or ‘non-unsettable’
- variable, or encounters a variable name argument that is an invalid
- identifier, which causes a non-interactive shell to exit.
-
- 30. When asked to unset a variable that appears in an assignment
- statement preceding the command, the ‘unset’ builtin attempts to
- unset a variable of the same name in the current or previous scope
- as well. This implements the required "if an assigned variable is
- further modified by the utility, the modifications made by the
- utility shall persist" behavior.
-
- 31. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
+ 36. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment
statements. A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when
trying to assign a value to a readonly variable.
- 32. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
+ 37. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a
special builtin, but not with any other simple command. For any
other simple command, the shell aborts execution of that command,
perform any further processing of the command in which the error
occurred").
- 33. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the
+ 38. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the
iteration variable in a ‘for’ statement or the selection variable
in a ‘select’ statement is a readonly variable or has an invalid
name.
- 34. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in ‘.’ FILENAME is not
+ 39. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in ‘.’ FILENAME is not
found.
- 35. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
- expansion results in an invalid expression.
-
- 36. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs.
-
- 37. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script
+ 40. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script
read with the ‘.’ or ‘source’ builtins, or in a string processed by
the ‘eval’ builtin.
- 38. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to
- the ‘#’ and ‘?’ special parameters.
-
- 39. Expanding the ‘*’ special parameter in a pattern context where the
- expansion is double-quoted does not treat the ‘$*’ as if it were
- double-quoted.
+ 41. Non-interactive shells exit if the ‘export’, ‘readonly’ or ‘unset’
+ builtin commands get an argument that is not a valid identifier,
+ and they are not operating on shell functions. These errors force
+ an exit because these are special builtins.
- 40. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in
+ 42. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in
the shell environment after the builtin completes.
- 41. The ‘command’ builtin does not prevent builtins that take
+ 43. The ‘command’ builtin does not prevent builtins that take
assignment statements as arguments from expanding them as
- assignment statements; when not in POSIX mode, assignment builtins
+ assignment statements; when not in POSIX mode, declaration commands
lose their assignment statement expansion properties when preceded
by ‘command’.
- 42. The ‘bg’ builtin uses the required format to describe each job
- placed in the background, which does not include an indication of
- whether the job is the current or previous job.
-
- 43. The output of ‘kill -l’ prints all the signal names on a single
- line, separated by spaces, without the ‘SIG’ prefix.
-
- 44. The ‘kill’ builtin does not accept signal names with a ‘SIG’
- prefix.
-
- 45. The ‘export’ and ‘readonly’ builtin commands display their output
- in the format required by POSIX.
-
- 46. If the ‘export’ and ‘readonly’ builtin commands get an argument
- that is not a valid identifier, and they are not operating on shell
- functions, they return an error. This will cause a non-interactive
- shell to exit because these are special builtins.
-
- 47. The ‘trap’ builtin displays signal names without the leading
- ‘SIG’.
-
- 48. The ‘trap’ builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
- signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
- disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of
- digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the
- handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should
- use ‘-’ as the first argument.
-
- 49. ‘trap -p’ without arguments displays signals whose dispositions
- are set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell
- started, not just trapped signals.
-
- 50. The ‘.’ and ‘source’ builtins do not search the current directory
- for the filename argument if it is not found by searching ‘PATH’.
-
- 51. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the
+ 44. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the
‘inherit_errexit’ option, so subshells spawned to execute command
substitutions inherit the value of the ‘-e’ option from the parent
shell. When the ‘inherit_errexit’ option is not enabled, Bash
clears the ‘-e’ option in such subshells.
- 52. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the ‘shift_verbose’
+ 45. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the ‘shift_verbose’
option, so numeric arguments to ‘shift’ that exceed the number of
positional parameters will result in an error message.
- 53. When the ‘alias’ builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
+ 46. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the
+ ‘interactive_comments’ option (*note Comments::).
+
+ 47. The ‘.’ and ‘source’ builtins do not search the current directory
+ for the filename argument if it is not found by searching ‘PATH’.
+
+ 48. When the ‘alias’ builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
display them with a leading ‘alias ’ unless the ‘-p’ option is
supplied.
- 54. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it does not
- display shell function names and definitions.
-
- 55. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it displays
- variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
- metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
+ 49. The ‘bg’ builtin uses the required format to describe each job
+ placed in the background, which does not include an indication of
+ whether the job is the current or previous job.
- 56. When the ‘cd’ builtin is invoked in logical mode, and the pathname
+ 50. When the ‘cd’ builtin is invoked in logical mode, and the pathname
constructed from ‘$PWD’ and the directory name supplied as an
argument does not refer to an existing directory, ‘cd’ will fail
instead of falling back to physical mode.
- 57. When the ‘cd’ builtin cannot change a directory because the length
+ 51. When the ‘cd’ builtin cannot change a directory because the length
of the pathname constructed from ‘$PWD’ and the directory name
supplied as an argument exceeds ‘PATH_MAX’ when canonicalized, ‘cd’
will attempt to use the supplied directory name.
- 58. The ‘pwd’ builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
- the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
- system with the ‘-P’ option.
+ 52. When the ‘xpg_echo’ option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
+ interpret any arguments to ‘echo’ as options. ‘echo’ displays each
+ argument after converting escape sequences.
- 59. When listing the history, the ‘fc’ builtin does not include an
+ 53. The ‘export’ and ‘readonly’ builtin commands display their output
+ in the format required by POSIX.
+
+ 54. When listing the history, the ‘fc’ builtin does not include an
indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
- 60. The default editor used by ‘fc’ is ‘ed’.
+ 55. The default editor used by ‘fc’ is ‘ed’.
- 61. ‘fc’ treats extra arguments as an error instead of ignoring them.
+ 56. ‘fc’ treats extra arguments as an error instead of ignoring them.
- 62. If there are too many arguments supplied to ‘fc -s’, ‘fc’ prints
+ 57. If there are too many arguments supplied to ‘fc -s’, ‘fc’ prints
an error message and returns failure.
- 63. The ‘type’ and ‘command’ builtins will not report a non-executable
- file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute
- such a file if it is the only so-named file found in ‘$PATH’.
-
- 64. The ‘vi’ editing mode will invoke the ‘vi’ editor directly when
- the ‘v’ command is run, instead of checking ‘$VISUAL’ and
- ‘$EDITOR’.
+ 58. The output of ‘kill -l’ prints all the signal names on a single
+ line, separated by spaces, without the ‘SIG’ prefix.
- 65. When the ‘xpg_echo’ option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
- interpret any arguments to ‘echo’ as options. Each argument is
- displayed, after escape characters are converted.
+ 59. The ‘kill’ builtin does not accept signal names with a ‘SIG’
+ prefix.
- 66. The ‘ulimit’ builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the ‘-c’
- and ‘-f’ options.
+ 60. The ‘printf’ builtin uses ‘double’ (via ‘strtod’) to convert
+ arguments corresponding to floating point conversion specifiers,
+ instead of ‘long double’ if it's available. The ‘L’ length
+ modifier forces ‘printf’ to use ‘long double’ if it's available.
- 67. The arrival of ‘SIGCHLD’ when a trap is set on ‘SIGCHLD’ does not
- interrupt the ‘wait’ builtin and cause it to return immediately.
- The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
+ 61. The ‘pwd’ builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
+ the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
+ system with the ‘-P’ option.
- 68. The ‘read’ builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
+ 62. The ‘read’ builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing
‘read’, the trap handler executes and ‘read’ returns an exit status
greater than 128.
- 69. The ‘printf’ builtin uses ‘double’ (via ‘strtod’) to convert
- arguments corresponding to floating point conversion specifiers,
- instead of ‘long double’ if it's available. The ‘L’ length
- modifier forces ‘printf’ to use ‘long double’ if it's available.
-
- 70. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
- of such statuses after the ‘wait’ builtin is used to obtain it.
+ 63. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it does not
+ display shell function names and definitions.
- 71. A double quote character (‘"’) is treated specially when it
- appears in a backquoted command substitution in the body of a
- here-document that undergoes expansion. That means, for example,
- that a backslash preceding a double quote character will escape it
- and the backslash will be removed.
+ 64. When the ‘set’ builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+ variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
+ metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
- 72. The ‘test’ builtin compares strings using the current locale when
- processing the ‘<’ and ‘>’ binary operators.
+ 65. The ‘test’ builtin compares strings using the current locale when
+ evaluating the ‘<’ and ‘>’ binary operators.
- 73. The ‘test’ builtin's ‘-t’ unary primary requires an argument.
+ 66. The ‘test’ builtin's ‘-t’ unary primary requires an argument.
Historical versions of ‘test’ made the argument optional in certain
cases, and Bash attempts to accommodate those for backwards
compatibility.
- 74. Command substitutions don't set the ‘?’ special parameter. The
- exit status of a simple command without a command word is still the
- exit status of the last command substitution that occurred while
- evaluating the variable assignments and redirections in that
- command, but that does not happen until after all of the
- assignments and redirections.
+ 67. The ‘trap’ builtin displays signal names without the leading
+ ‘SIG’.
+
+ 68. The ‘trap’ builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
+ signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
+ disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of
+ digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the
+ handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should
+ use ‘-’ as the first argument.
+
+ 69. ‘trap -p’ without arguments displays signals whose dispositions
+ are set to SIG_DFL and those that were ignored when the shell
+ started, not just trapped signals.
+
+ 70. The ‘type’ and ‘command’ builtins will not report a non-executable
+ file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute
+ such a file if it is the only so-named file found in ‘$PATH’.
+
+ 71. The ‘ulimit’ builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the ‘-c’
+ and ‘-f’ options.
+
+ 72. The ‘unset’ builtin with the ‘-v’ option specified returns a fatal
+ error if it attempts to unset a ‘readonly’ or ‘non-unsettable’
+ variable, which causes a non-interactive shell to exit.
+
+ 73. When asked to unset a variable that appears in an assignment
+ statement preceding the command, the ‘unset’ builtin attempts to
+ unset a variable of the same name in the current or previous scope
+ as well. This implements the required "if an assigned variable is
+ further modified by the utility, the modifications made by the
+ utility shall persist" behavior.
+
+ 74. The arrival of ‘SIGCHLD’ when a trap is set on ‘SIGCHLD’ does not
+ interrupt the ‘wait’ builtin and cause it to return immediately.
+ The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
+
+ 75. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
+ of such statuses after the ‘wait’ builtin is used to obtain it.
There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
even when in POSIX mode. Specifically:
entries if ‘FCEDIT’ is unset, rather than defaulting directly to
‘ed’. ‘fc’ uses ‘ed’ if ‘EDITOR’ is unset.
- 2. A non-interactive shell does not exit if a variable assignment
- preceding the ‘command’ builtin or another non-special builtin
- fails.
-
- 3. As noted above, Bash requires the ‘xpg_echo’ option to be enabled
+ 2. As noted above, Bash requires the ‘xpg_echo’ option to be enabled
for the ‘echo’ builtin to be fully conformant.
Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by specifying
of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below).
-\b--\b-d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-p\bpo\bo-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
- Equivalent to -\b-D\bD, but the output is in the GNU _\bg_\be_\bt_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt p\bpo\bo
+ Equivalent to -\b-D\bD, but the output is in the GNU _\bg_\be_\bt_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt "po"
(portable object) file format.
-\b--\b-d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default operation differs
from the POSIX standard to match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO below for a reference to a document that details how
- posix mode affects bash's behavior.
+ posix mode affects B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh's behavior.
-\b--\b-r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd
The shell becomes restricted (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below).
forming to the POSIX standard as well. When invoked as an interactive
login shell, or a non-interactive shell with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option, it
first attempts to read and execute commands from _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be and
- _\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, in that order. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used to in-
- hibit this behavior. When invoked as an interactive shell with the
- name s\bsh\bh, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh looks for the variable E\bEN\bNV\bV, expands its value if it is
- defined, and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and
- execute. Since a shell invoked as s\bsh\bh does not attempt to read and exe-
- cute commands from any other startup files, the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be option has no
- effect. A non-interactive shell invoked with the name s\bsh\bh does not at-
- tempt to read any other startup files. When invoked as s\bsh\bh, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enters
- _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode after the startup files are read.
-
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, as with the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx command line
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, in that order. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be option will inhibit this
+ behavior. When invoked as an interactive shell with the name s\bsh\bh, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ looks for the variable E\bEN\bNV\bV, expands its value if it is defined, and
+ uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
+ Since a shell invoked as s\bsh\bh does not attempt to read and execute com-
+ mands from any other startup files, the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be option has no effect.
+ A non-interactive shell invoked with the name s\bsh\bh does not attempt to
+ read any other startup files. When invoked as s\bsh\bh, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enters posix
+ mode after reading the startup files.
+
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started in posix mode, as with the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx command line
option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files. In this mode,
interactive shells expand the E\bEN\bNV\bV variable and read and execute com-
mands from the file whose name is the expanded value. No other startup
daemon _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh determines it is being run non-interactively in
this fashion, it reads and executes commands from _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, if that
file exists and is readable. It will not do this if invoked as s\bsh\bh.
- The -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the -\b--\b-r\brc\bc-\b-
- f\bfi\bil\ble\be option will make b\bba\bas\bsh\bh use a different file instead of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc,
- but neither _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd nor _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd generally invoke the shell with those options
- or allow them to be specified.
+ The -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option will inhibit this behavior, and the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be option
+ will make b\bba\bas\bsh\bh use a different file instead of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, but neither
+ _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd nor _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd generally invoke the shell with those options or allow
+ them to be specified.
If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not supplied, no startup
files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
- the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
- pear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective user id is set
- to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is supplied at invocation, the
+ the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
+ pear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective user id is set
+ to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is supplied at invocation, the
startup behavior is the same, but the effective user id is not reset.
D\bDE\bEF\bFI\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this docu-
+ The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this docu-
ment.
b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk A space or tab.
- w\bwo\bor\brd\bd A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the
+ w\bwo\bor\brd\bd A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the
shell. Also known as a t\bto\bok\bke\ben\bn.
- n\bna\bam\bme\be A _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd consisting only of alphanumeric characters and under-
- scores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an under-
+ n\bna\bam\bme\be A _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd consisting only of alphanumeric characters and under-
+ scores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an under-
score. Also referred to as an i\bid\bde\ben\bnt\bti\bif\bfi\bie\ber\br.
m\bme\bet\bta\bac\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br
- A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the
+ A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the
following:
|\b| &\b& ;\b; (\b( )\b) <\b< >\b> s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be t\bta\bab\bb n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be
c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl o\bop\bpe\ber\bra\bat\bto\bor\br
R\bRE\bES\bSE\bER\bRV\bVE\bED\bD W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS
_\bR_\be_\bs_\be_\br_\bv_\be_\bd _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs are words that have a special meaning to the shell. The
following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and either the
- first word of a command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR below), the third word of a
- c\bca\bas\bse\be or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command (only i\bin\bn is valid), or the third word of a f\bfo\bor\br
+ first word of a command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR below), the third word of a
+ c\bca\bas\bse\be or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command (only i\bin\bn is valid), or the third word of a f\bfo\bor\br
command (only i\bin\bn and d\bdo\bo are valid):
- !\b! c\bca\bas\bse\be c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc d\bdo\bo d\bdo\bon\bne\be e\bel\bli\bif\bf e\bel\bls\bse\be e\bes\bsa\bac\bc f\bfi\bi f\bfo\bor\br f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bif\bf i\bin\bn s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
+ !\b! c\bca\bas\bse\be c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc d\bdo\bo d\bdo\bon\bne\be e\bel\bli\bif\bf e\bel\bls\bse\be e\bes\bsa\bac\bc f\bfi\bi f\bfo\bor\br f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bif\bf i\bin\bn s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
t\bth\bhe\ben\bn u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be {\b{ }\b} t\bti\bim\bme\be [\b[[\b[ ]\b]]\b]
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- This section describes the syntax of the various forms of shell com-
+ This section describes the syntax of the various forms of shell com-
mands.
S\bSi\bim\bmp\bpl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs
- A _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a sequence of optional variable assignments fol-
- lowed by b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a
+ A _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a sequence of optional variable assignments fol-
+ lowed by b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a
_\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. The first word specifies the command to be executed,
- and is passed as argument zero. The remaining words are passed as ar-
+ and is passed as argument zero. The remaining words are passed as ar-
guments to the invoked command.
- The return value of a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is its exit status, or 128+_\bn if
+ The return value of a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is its exit status, or 128+_\bn if
the command is terminated by signal _\bn.
P\bPi\bip\bpe\bel\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs
- A _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of
+ A _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of
the control operators |\b| or |\b|&\b&. The format for a pipeline is:
[t\bti\bim\bme\be [-\b-p\bp]] [ ! ] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 [ [|\b|||\b|&\b&] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 ... ]
The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 is connected via a pipe to the standard
- input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2. This connection is performed before any redirec-
- tions specified by the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1(see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). If |\b|&\b& is the
- pipeline operator, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1's standard error, in addition to its stan-
- dard output, is connected to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2's standard input through the
- pipe; it is shorthand for 2\b2>\b>&\b&1\b1 |\b|. This implicit redirection of the
- standard error to the standard output is performed after any redirec-
+ input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2. This connection is performed before any redirec-
+ tions specified by the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1(see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). If |\b|&\b& is the
+ pipeline operator, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1's standard error, in addition to its stan-
+ dard output, is connected to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2's standard input through the
+ pipe; it is shorthand for 2\b2>\b>&\b&1\b1 |\b|. This implicit redirection of the
+ standard error to the standard output is performed after any redirec-
tions specified by _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1.
The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command,
- unless the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl option is enabled. If p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, the
- pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command
- to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit success-
+ unless the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl option is enabled. If p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, the
+ pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command
+ to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit success-
fully. If the reserved word !\b! precedes a pipeline, the exit status of
- that pipeline is the logical negation of the exit status as described
- above. If a pipeline is executed synchronously, the shell waits for
+ that pipeline is the logical negation of the exit status as described
+ above. If a pipeline is executed synchronously, the shell waits for
all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a value.
- If the t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word precedes a pipeline, the shell reports the
- elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by its execution when
- the pipeline terminates. The -\b-p\bp option changes the output format to
- that specified by POSIX. When the shell is in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, it does not
- recognize t\bti\bim\bme\be as a reserved word if the next token begins with a "-".
- The value of the T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is a format string that specifies
- how the timing information should be displayed; see the description of
+ If the t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word precedes a pipeline, the shell reports the
+ elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by its execution when
+ the pipeline terminates. The -\b-p\bp option changes the output format to
+ that specified by POSIX. When the shell is in posix mode, it does not
+ recognize t\bti\bim\bme\be as a reserved word if the next token begins with a "-".
+ The value of the T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is a format string that specifies
+ how the timing information should be displayed; see the description of
T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT below under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs.
- When the shell is in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, t\bti\bim\bme\be may appear by itself as the only
- word in a simple command. In this case, the shell displays the total
+ When the shell is in posix mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may appear by itself as the only
+ word in a simple command. In this case, the shell displays the total
user and system time consumed by the shell and its children. The T\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable specifies the format of the time information.
- Each command in a multi-command pipeline, where pipes are created, is
- executed in a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl, which is a separate process. See C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bE-\b-
- C\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT for a description of subshells and a subshell envi-
- ronment. If the l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
- (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below), and job control is not active,
+ Each command in a multi-command pipeline, where pipes are created, is
+ executed in a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl, which is a separate process. See C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bE-\b-
+ C\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT for a description of subshells and a subshell envi-
+ ronment. If the l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
+ (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below), and job control is not active,
the last element of a pipeline may be run by the shell process.
L\bLi\bis\bst\bts\bs
- A _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the
+ A _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the
operators ;\b;, &\b&, &\b&&\b&, or |\b||\b|, and optionally terminated by one of ;\b;, &\b&, or
<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>.
Of these list operators, &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| have equal precedence, followed by ;\b;
and &\b&, which have equal precedence.
- A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt instead of a
+ A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt instead of a
semicolon to delimit commands.
- If a command is terminated by the control operator &\b&, the shell exe-
- cutes the command in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd in a subshell. The shell does not
- wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0. These are
- referred to as _\ba_\bs_\by_\bn_\bc_\bh_\br_\bo_\bn_\bo_\bu_\bs commands. Commands separated by a ;\b; are
+ If a command is terminated by the control operator &\b&, the shell exe-
+ cutes the command in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd in a subshell. The shell does not
+ wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0. These are
+ referred to as _\ba_\bs_\by_\bn_\bc_\bh_\br_\bo_\bn_\bo_\bu_\bs commands. Commands separated by a ;\b; are
executed sequentially; the shell waits for each command to terminate in
- turn. The return status is the exit status of the last command exe-
+ turn. The return status is the exit status of the last command exe-
cuted.
- AND and OR lists are sequences of one or more pipelines separated by
- the &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| control operators, respectively. AND and OR lists are
+ AND and OR lists are sequences of one or more pipelines separated by
+ the &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| control operators, respectively. AND and OR lists are
executed with left associativity. An AND list has the form
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 &\b&&\b& _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if, and only if, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns an exit status
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if, and only if, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns an exit status
of zero (success).
An OR list has the form
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 |\b||\b| _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if, and only if, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns a non-zero exit
- status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if, and only if, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns a non-zero exit
+ status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of
the last command executed in the list.
C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs
- A _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is one of the following. In most cases a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt in a
- command's description may be separated from the rest of the command by
- one or more newlines, and may be followed by a newline in place of a
+ A _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is one of the following. In most cases a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt in a
+ command's description may be separated from the rest of the command by
+ one or more newlines, and may be followed by a newline in place of a
semicolon.
- (_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt) _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in a subshell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bN-\b-
- M\bME\bEN\bNT\bT below for a description of a subshell environment). Vari-
- able assignments and builtin commands that affect the shell's
+ (_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt) _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in a subshell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bN-\b-
+ M\bME\bEN\bNT\bT below for a description of a subshell environment). Vari-
+ able assignments and builtin commands that affect the shell's
environment do not remain in effect after the command completes.
The return status is the exit status of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
{ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; }
_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in the current shell environment. _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt must be
- terminated with a newline or semicolon. This is known as a
+ terminated with a newline or semicolon. This is known as a
_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. The return status is the exit status of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
- Note that unlike the metacharacters (\b( and )\b), {\b{ and }\b} are _\br_\be_\b-
- _\bs_\be_\br_\bv_\be_\bd _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs and must occur where a reserved word is permitted
- to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word break, they
- must be separated from _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt by whitespace or another shell
+ Note that unlike the metacharacters (\b( and )\b), {\b{ and }\b} are _\br_\be_\b-
+ _\bs_\be_\br_\bv_\be_\bd _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs and must occur where a reserved word is permitted
+ to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word break, they
+ must be separated from _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt by whitespace or another shell
metacharacter.
((_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn))
- The arithmetic _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is evaluated according to the rules
- described below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If the value of
- the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise
- the return status is 1. The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn undergoes the same ex-
- pansions as if it were within double quotes, but double quote
- characters in _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn are not treated specially and are re-
+ The arithmetic _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is evaluated according to the rules
+ described below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If the value of
+ the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise
+ the return status is 1. The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn undergoes the same ex-
+ pansions as if it were within double quotes, but double quote
+ characters in _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn are not treated specially and are re-
moved.
[\b[[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn ]\b]]\b]
Evaluate the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn and return a sta-
- tus of zero (true) or non-zero (false). Expressions are com-
+ tus of zero (true) or non-zero (false). Expressions are com-
posed of the primaries described below under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bS-\b-
- S\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. The words between the [\b[[\b[ and ]\b]]\b] do not undergo word
- splitting and pathname expansion. The shell performs tilde ex-
+ S\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. The words between the [\b[[\b[ and ]\b]]\b] do not undergo word
+ splitting and pathname expansion. The shell performs tilde ex-
pansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
command substitution, process substitution, and quote removal on
- those words. Conditional operators such as -\b-f\bf must be unquoted
+ those words. Conditional operators such as -\b-f\bf must be unquoted
to be recognized as primaries.
- When used with [\b[[\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically
+ When used with [\b[[\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically
using the current locale.
- When the =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b= operators are used, the string to the right
+ When the =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b= operators are used, the string to the right
of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according to
the rules described below under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg, as if the e\bex\bxt\bt-\b-
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option were enabled. The =\b= operator is equivalent to
- =\b==\b=. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is enabled, the match is
- performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.
- The return value is 0 if the string matches (=\b==\b=) or does not
- match (!\b!=\b=) the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If any part of the
- pattern is quoted, the quoted portion is matched as a string:
+ =\b==\b=. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is enabled, the match is
+ performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.
+ The return value is 0 if the string matches (=\b==\b=) or does not
+ match (!\b!=\b=) the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If any part of the
+ pattern is quoted, the quoted portion is matched as a string:
every character in the quoted portion matches itself, instead of
having any special pattern matching meaning.
- An additional binary operator, =\b=~\b~, is available, with the same
- precedence as =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b=. When it is used, the string to the
+ An additional binary operator, =\b=~\b~, is available, with the same
+ precedence as =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b=. When it is used, the string to the
right of the operator is considered a POSIX extended regular ex-
- pression and matched accordingly (using the POSIX _\br_\be_\bg_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp and
- _\br_\be_\bg_\be_\bx_\be_\bc interfaces usually described in _\br_\be_\bg_\be_\bx(3)). The return
- value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
+ pression and matched accordingly (using the POSIX _\br_\be_\bg_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp and
+ _\br_\be_\bg_\be_\bx_\be_\bc interfaces usually described in _\br_\be_\bg_\be_\bx(3)). The return
+ value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the condi-
tional expression's return value is 2. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell
- option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the
+ option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the
case of alphabetic characters.
- If any part of the pattern is quoted, the quoted portion is
- matched literally, as above. If the pattern is stored in a
+ If any part of the pattern is quoted, the quoted portion is
+ matched literally, as above. If the pattern is stored in a
shell variable, quoting the variable expansion forces the entire
- pattern to be matched literally. Treat bracket expressions in
- regular expressions carefully, since normal quoting and pattern
+ pattern to be matched literally. Treat bracket expressions in
+ regular expressions carefully, since normal quoting and pattern
characters lose their meanings between brackets.
- The pattern will match if it matches any part of the string.
- Anchor the pattern using the ^\b^ and $\b$ regular expression opera-
+ The pattern will match if it matches any part of the string.
+ Anchor the pattern using the ^\b^ and $\b$ regular expression opera-
tors to force it to match the entire string.
- The array variable B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH records which parts of the
- string matched the pattern. The element of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH with
- index 0 contains the portion of the string matching the entire
- regular expression. Substrings matched by parenthesized subex-
+ The array variable B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH records which parts of the
+ string matched the pattern. The element of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH with
+ index 0 contains the portion of the string matching the entire
+ regular expression. Substrings matched by parenthesized subex-
pressions within the regular expression are saved in the remain-
- ing B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH indices. The element of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH with in-
- dex _\bn is the portion of the string matching the _\bnth parenthe-
- sized subexpression. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH in the global
- scope; declaring it as a local variable will lead to unexpected
+ ing B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH indices. The element of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH with in-
+ dex _\bn is the portion of the string matching the _\bnth parenthe-
+ sized subexpression. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH in the global
+ scope; declaring it as a local variable will lead to unexpected
results.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence:
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. This may be used to
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. This may be used to
override the normal precedence of operators.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn
True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is false.
True if either _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b2 is true.
The &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| operators do not evaluate _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b2 if the value
- of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 is sufficient to determine the return value of
+ of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 is sufficient to determine the return value of
the entire conditional expression.
f\bfo\bor\br _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [ [ i\bin\bn [ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\b._\b._\b. ] ] ; ] d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
- First, expand The list of words following i\bin\bn, generating a list
- of items. Then, the variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to each element of
- this list in turn, and _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed each time. If the i\bin\bn
+ First, expand The list of words following i\bin\bn, generating a list
+ of items. Then, the variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to each element of
+ this list in turn, and _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed each time. If the i\bin\bn
_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is omitted, the f\bfo\bor\br command executes _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt once for each po-
- sitional parameter that is set (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below). The re-
- turn status is the exit status of the last command that exe-
+ sitional parameter that is set (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below). The re-
+ turn status is the exit status of the last command that exe-
cutes. If the expansion of the items following i\bin\bn results in an
- empty list, no commands are executed, and the return status is
+ empty list, no commands are executed, and the return status is
0.
f\bfo\bor\br (( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ; _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 ; _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b3 )) ; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
First, evaluate the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 according to the
- rules described below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. Then, re-
+ rules described below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. Then, re-
peatedly evaluate the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 until it eval-
- uates to zero. Each time _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 evaluates to a non-zero value,
- execute _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt and evaluate the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b3. If
- any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.
- The return value is the exit status of the last command in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- that is executed, or non-zero if any of the expressions is in-
+ uates to zero. Each time _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 evaluates to a non-zero value,
+ execute _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt and evaluate the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b3. If
+ any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.
+ The return value is the exit status of the last command in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
+ that is executed, or non-zero if any of the expressions is in-
valid.
- Use the b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk and c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be builtins (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
+ Use the b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk and c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be builtins (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
below) to control loop execution.
s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [ i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd ] ; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
- First, expand the list of words following i\bin\bn, generating a list
- of items, and print the set of expanded words the standard er-
- ror, each preceded by a number. If the i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is omitted,
- print the positional parameters (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below). s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
- then displays the P\bPS\bS3\b3 prompt and reads a line from the standard
+ First, expand the list of words following i\bin\bn, generating a list
+ of items, and print the set of expanded words the standard er-
+ ror, each preceded by a number. If the i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is omitted,
+ print the positional parameters (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below). s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
+ then displays the P\bPS\bS3\b3 prompt and reads a line from the standard
input. If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of
- the displayed words, then s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt sets the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to that
- word. If the line is empty, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt displays the words and
- prompt again. If EOF is read, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt completes and returns 1.
- Any other value sets _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to null. The line read is saved in
- the variable R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed after each selection
+ the displayed words, then s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt sets the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to that
+ word. If the line is empty, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt displays the words and
+ prompt again. If EOF is read, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt completes and returns 1.
+ Any other value sets _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to null. The line read is saved in
+ the variable R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed after each selection
until a b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk command is executed. The exit status of s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt is
the exit status of the last command executed in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or zero if
no commands were executed.
c\bca\bas\bse\be _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd i\bin\bn [ [(] _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn [ |\b| _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn ] ... ) _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ;; ] ... e\bes\bsa\bac\bc
A c\bca\bas\bse\be command first expands _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and tries to match it against
- each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in turn, proceeding from first to last, using the
- matching rules described under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. A pat-
- tern list is a set of one or more patterns separated by , and
- the ) operator terminates the pattern list. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is ex-
- panded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+ each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in turn, proceeding from first to last, using the
+ matching rules described under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. A pat-
+ tern list is a set of one or more patterns separated by , and
+ the ) operator terminates the pattern list. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is ex-
+ panded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process substitution
- and quote removal. Each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn examined is expanded using
- tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic
+ and quote removal. Each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn examined is expanded using
+ tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic
expansion, command substitution, process substitution, and quote
- removal. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is enabled, the match
- is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic charac-
+ removal. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is enabled, the match
+ is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic charac-
ters. A _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bu_\bs_\be is a pattern list and an associated _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
When a match is found, c\bca\bas\bse\be executes the corresponding _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If
- the ;\b;;\b; operator terminates the case clause, the c\bca\bas\bse\be command
+ the ;\b;;\b; operator terminates the case clause, the c\bca\bas\bse\be command
completes after the first match. Using ;\b;&\b& in place of ;\b;;\b; causes
- execution to continue with the _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt associated with the next
+ execution to continue with the _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt associated with the next
pattern list. Using ;\b;;\b;&\b& in place of ;\b;;\b; causes the shell to test
- the next pattern list in the statement, if any, and execute any
- associated _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt if the match succeeds. continuing the case
+ the next pattern list in the statement, if any, and execute any
+ associated _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt if the match succeeds. continuing the case
statement execution as if the pattern list had not matched. The
exit status is zero if no pattern matches.
the last _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt executed.
i\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; t\bth\bhe\ben\bn _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; [ e\bel\bli\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; t\bth\bhe\ben\bn _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; ] ... [ e\bel\bls\bse\be _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; ] f\bfi\bi
- The i\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. If its exit status is zero, the t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
- _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. Otherwise, each e\bel\bli\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in
- turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
+ The i\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. If its exit status is zero, the t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. Otherwise, each e\bel\bli\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in
+ turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed and the command completes. Otherwise, the e\bel\bls\bse\be
- _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit sta-
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit sta-
tus of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested
true.
w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b1; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b2; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b1; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b2; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
- The w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be command continuously executes the list _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b2 as long
+ The w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be command continuously executes the list _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b2 as long
as the last command in the list _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b1 returns an exit status of
- zero. The u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl command is identical to the w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be command, ex-
+ zero. The u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl command is identical to the w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be command, ex-
cept that the test is negated: _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b2 is executed as long as the
last command in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b1 returns a non-zero exit status. The exit
status of the w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be and u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl commands is the exit status of the
C\bCo\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bse\bes\bs
A _\bc_\bo_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs is a shell command preceded by the c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc reserved word. A
- coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
- had been terminated with the &\b& control operator, with a two-way pipe
+ coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
+ had been terminated with the &\b& control operator, with a two-way pipe
established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
The syntax for a coprocess is:
c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc [_\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs]
- This creates a coprocess named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd may be either a simple
- command or a compound command (see above). _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is a shell variable
+ This creates a coprocess named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd may be either a simple
+ command or a compound command (see above). _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is a shell variable
name. If _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is not supplied, the default name is C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC.
The recommended form to use for a coprocess is
c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE { _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs]; }
- This form is preferred because simple commands result in the coprocess
- always being named C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC, and it is simpler to use and more complete
+ This form is preferred because simple commands result in the coprocess
+ always being named C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC, and it is simpler to use and more complete
than the other compound commands.
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a compound command, _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is optional. The word following
- c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc determines whether that word is interpreted as a variable name:
- it is interpreted as _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE if it is not a reserved word that introduces
- a compound command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a simple command, _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is not al-
- lowed; this is to avoid confusion between _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE and the first word of
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a compound command, _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is optional. The word following
+ c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc determines whether that word is interpreted as a variable name:
+ it is interpreted as _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE if it is not a reserved word that introduces
+ a compound command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a simple command, _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is not al-
+ lowed; this is to avoid confusion between _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE and the first word of
the simple command.
- When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable
- (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE in the context of the executing shell.
- The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a pipe to a file de-
- scriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned
+ When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable
+ (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE in the context of the executing shell.
+ The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a pipe to a file de-
+ scriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned
to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[0]. The standard input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a pipe to a
file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is as-
- signed to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[1]. This pipe is established before any redirections
+ signed to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[1]. This pipe is established before any redirections
specified by the command (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). The file descriptors
- can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using
- standard word expansions. Other than those created to execute command
- and process substitutions, the file descriptors are not available in
+ can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using
+ standard word expansions. Other than those created to execute command
+ and process substitutions, the file descriptors are not available in
subshells.
- The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is avail-
- able as the value of the variable _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE_PID. The w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin may be
+ The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is avail-
+ able as the value of the variable _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE_PID. The w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin may be
used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
- Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc
- command always returns success. The return status of a coprocess is
+ Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc
+ command always returns success. The return status of a coprocess is
the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl F\bFu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn D\bDe\bef\bfi\bin\bni\bit\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
- A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and
- executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters.
+ A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and
+ executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters.
Shell functions are declared as follows:
_\bf_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be () _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn]
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn _\bf_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [()] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn]
This defines a function named _\bf_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The reserved word f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
- is optional. If the f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn reserved word is supplied, the
- parentheses are optional. The _\bb_\bo_\bd_\by of the function is the com-
- pound command _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above).
- That command is usually a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt of commands between { and }, but
+ is optional. If the f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn reserved word is supplied, the
+ parentheses are optional. The _\bb_\bo_\bd_\by of the function is the com-
+ pound command _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above).
+ That command is usually a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt of commands between { and }, but
may be any command listed under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above. If the
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn reserved word is used, but the parentheses are not sup-
plied, the braces are recommended. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed
- whenever _\bf_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is specified as the name of a simple command.
- When in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, _\bf_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be must be a valid shell _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and may not
- be the name of one of the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bs. In default
- mode, a function name can be any unquoted shell word that does
+ whenever _\bf_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is specified as the name of a simple command.
+ When in posix mode, _\bf_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be must be a valid shell _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and may not
+ be the name of one of the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bs. In default
+ mode, a function name can be any unquoted shell word that does
not contain $\b$.
- Any redirections (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below) specified when a function is
+ Any redirections (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below) specified when a function is
defined are performed when the function is executed.
- The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error
- occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists. When
- executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the last
+ The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error
+ occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists. When
+ executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the last
command executed in the body. (See F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below.)
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\br-\b-
- a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin is enabled (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), a word beginning with #\b# introduces a comment.
+ a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin is enabled (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), a word beginning with #\b# introduces a comment.
A word begins at the beginning of a line, after unquoted whitespace, or
- after an operator. The comment causes that word and all remaining
- characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive shell without
- the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option enabled does not allow comments. The
+ after an operator. The comment causes that word and all remaining
+ characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive shell without
+ the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option enabled does not allow comments. The
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option is enabled by default in interactive
shells.
Q\bQU\bUO\bOT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
- _\bQ_\bu_\bo_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or
- words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment
+ _\bQ_\bu_\bo_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or
+ words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment
for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized
as such, and to prevent parameter expansion.
- Each of the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs listed above under D\bDE\bEF\bFI\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS has special
+ Each of the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs listed above under D\bDE\bEF\bFI\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS has special
meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself.
- When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
+ When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below), the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, usually !\b!, must
be quoted to prevent history expansion.
There are four quoting mechanisms: the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br, single quotes,
double quotes, and dollar-single quotes.
- A non-quoted backslash (\\b\) is the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br. It preserves the
- literal value of the next character that follows, removing any special
- meaning it has, with the exception of <newline>. If a \\b\<newline> pair
- appears, and the backslash is not itself quoted, the \\b\<newline> is
- treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from the input
+ A non-quoted backslash (\\b\) is the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br. It preserves the
+ literal value of the next character that follows, removing any special
+ meaning it has, with the exception of <newline>. If a \\b\<newline> pair
+ appears, and the backslash is not itself quoted, the \\b\<newline> is
+ treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from the input
stream and effectively ignored).
- Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of
+ Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of
each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur between
single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
- Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of
- all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $\b$, `\b`, \\b\, and,
- when history expansion is enabled, !\b!. When the shell is in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be,
- the !\b! has no special meaning within double quotes, even when history
- expansion is enabled. The characters $\b$ and `\b` retain their special
- meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its special mean-
- ing only when followed by one of the following characters: $\b$, `\b`, "\b", \\b\,
+ Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of
+ all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $\b$, `\b`, \\b\, and,
+ when history expansion is enabled, !\b!. When the shell is in posix mode,
+ the !\b! has no special meaning within double quotes, even when history
+ expansion is enabled. The characters $\b$ and `\b` retain their special
+ meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its special mean-
+ ing only when followed by one of the following characters: $\b$, `\b`, "\b", \\b\,
or <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>. Backslashes preceding characters without a special mean-
ing are left unmodified.
- A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with
+ A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with
a backslash. If enabled, history expansion will be performed unless an
- !\b! appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash. The back-
+ !\b! appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash. The back-
slash preceding the !\b! is not removed.
- The special parameters *\b* and @\b@ have special meaning when in double
+ The special parameters *\b* and @\b@ have special meaning when in double
quotes (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below).
- Character sequences of the form $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' are treated as a special
- variant of single quotes. The sequence expands to _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, with back-
- slash-escaped characters in _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg replaced as specified by the ANSI C
- standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as fol-
+ Character sequences of the form $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' are treated as a special
+ variant of single quotes. The sequence expands to _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, with back-
+ slash-escaped characters in _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg replaced as specified by the ANSI C
+ standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as fol-
lows:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\'\b' single quote
\\b\"\b" double quote
\\b\?\b? question mark
- \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn The eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn The eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three octal digits).
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH The eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH The eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits).
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH The Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH The Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits).
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- The Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ The Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits).
\\b\c\bc_\bx A control-_\bx character.
- The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
+ The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
been present.
T\bTr\bra\ban\bns\bsl\bla\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg") will cause
- the string to be translated according to the current locale. The _\bg_\be_\bt_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt infrastructure performs the lookup and translation, using the
- L\bLC\bC_\b_M\bME\bES\bSS\bSA\bAG\bGE\bES\bS, T\bTE\bEX\bXT\bTD\bDO\bOM\bMA\bAI\bIN\bND\bDI\bIR\bR, and T\bTE\bEX\bXT\bTD\bDO\bOM\bMA\bAI\bIN\bN shell variables. If the
- current locale is C\bC or P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX, if there are no translations available,
+ the string to be translated according to the current locale. The _\bg_\be_\bt_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt infrastructure performs the lookup and translation, using the
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_M\bME\bES\bSS\bSA\bAG\bGE\bES\bS, T\bTE\bEX\bXT\bTD\bDO\bOM\bMA\bAI\bIN\bND\bDI\bIR\bR, and T\bTE\bEX\bXT\bTD\bDO\bOM\bMA\bAI\bIN\bN shell variables. If the
+ current locale is C\bC or P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX, if there are no translations available,
or if the string is not translated, the dollar sign is ignored, and the
- string is treated as double-quoted as described above. This is a form
- of double quoting, so the string remains double-quoted by default,
+ string is treated as double-quoted as described above. This is a form
+ of double quoting, so the string remains double-quoted by default,
whether or not it is translated and replaced. If the n\bno\boe\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsl\bla\ba-\b-
- t\bti\bio\bon\bn option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, translated strings are
- single-quoted instead of double-quoted. See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ t\bti\bio\bon\bn option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, translated strings are
+ single-quoted instead of double-quoted. See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS.
P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS
- A _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an entity that stores values. It can be a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a num-
- ber, or one of the special characters listed below under S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\ba-\b-
+ A _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an entity that stores values. It can be a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a num-
+ ber, or one of the special characters listed below under S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\ba-\b-
m\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be is a parameter denoted by a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. A variable has a
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be and zero or more _\ba_\bt_\bt_\br_\bi_\bb_\bu_\bt_\be_\bs. Attributes are assigned using the
- d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin command (see d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be below in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS).
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be and zero or more _\ba_\bt_\bt_\br_\bi_\bb_\bu_\bt_\be_\bs. Attributes are assigned using the
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin command (see d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be below in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS).
The e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins assign specific attributes.
A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
- a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
+ a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be may be assigned to by a statement of the form
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=[_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be]
- If _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\bs undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bN-\b-
+ If _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\bs undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com-
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bN-\b-
S\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). If the variable has its i\bin\bnt\bte\beg\bge\ber\br attribute set, then _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $\b$(\b((\b(...)\b))\b) expansion
is not used (see A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn below). Word splitting and path-
- name expansion are not performed. Assignment statements may also ap-
+ name expansion are not performed. Assignment statements may also ap-
pear as arguments to the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt, e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt, r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by, and
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin commands (_\bd_\be_\bc_\bl_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn commands). When in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be,
- these builtins may appear in a command after one or more instances of
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin commands (_\bd_\be_\bc_\bl_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn commands). When in posix mode,
+ these builtins may appear in a command after one or more instances of
the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin and retain these assignment statement properties.
- In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a
+ In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a
shell variable or array index, the += operator will append to or add to
- the variable's previous value. This includes arguments to _\bd_\be_\bc_\bl_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
+ the variable's previous value. This includes arguments to _\bd_\be_\bc_\bl_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
commands such as d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be that accept assignment statements. When += is
applied to a variable for which the i\bin\bnt\bte\beg\bge\ber\br attribute has been set, the
variable's current value and _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be are each evaluated as arithmetic ex-
- pressions, and the sum of the results is assigned as the variable's
+ pressions, and the sum of the results is assigned as the variable's
value. The current value is usually an integer constant, but may be an
expression. When += is applied to an array variable using compound as-
- signment (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below), the variable's value is not unset (as it
+ signment (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below), the variable's value is not unset (as it
is when using =), and new values are appended to the array beginning at
- one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays) or
- added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array. When ap-
- plied to a string-valued variable, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is expanded and appended to
+ one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed arrays) or
+ added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array. When ap-
+ plied to a string-valued variable, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is expanded and appended to
the variable's value.
A variable can be assigned the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute using the -\b-n\bn option to
- the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin commands (see the descriptions of d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be
- and l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl below) to create a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf, or a reference to another vari-
- able. This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly. Whenever
- the nameref variable is referenced, assigned to, unset, or has its at-
- tributes modified (other than using or changing the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute
- itself), the operation is actually performed on the variable specified
- by the nameref variable's value. A nameref is commonly used within
+ the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin commands (see the descriptions of d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be
+ and l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl below) to create a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf, or a reference to another vari-
+ able. This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly. Whenever
+ the nameref variable is referenced, assigned to, unset, or has its at-
+ tributes modified (other than using or changing the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute
+ itself), the operation is actually performed on the variable specified
+ by the nameref variable's value. A nameref is commonly used within
shell functions to refer to a variable whose name is passed as an argu-
- ment to the function. For instance, if a variable name is passed to a
+ ment to the function. For instance, if a variable name is passed to a
shell function as its first argument, running
declare -n ref=$1
the variable name passed as the first argument. References and assign-
ments to r\bre\bef\bf, and changes to its attributes, are treated as references,
assignments, and attribute modifications to the variable whose name was
- passed as $\b$1\b1. If the control variable in a f\bfo\bor\br loop has the nameref
- attribute, the list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a
- name reference will be established for each word in the list, in turn,
+ passed as $\b$1\b1. If the control variable in a f\bfo\bor\br loop has the nameref
+ attribute, the list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a
+ name reference will be established for each word in the list, in turn,
when the loop is executed. Array variables cannot be given the n\bna\bam\bme\ber\bre\bef\bf
- attribute. However, nameref variables can reference array variables
- and subscripted array variables. Namerefs can be unset using the -\b-n\bn
- option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin. Otherwise, if u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt is executed with the
- name of a nameref variable as an argument, the variable referenced by
+ attribute. However, nameref variables can reference array variables
+ and subscripted array variables. Namerefs can be unset using the -\b-n\bn
+ option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin. Otherwise, if u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt is executed with the
+ name of a nameref variable as an argument, the variable referenced by
the nameref variable will be unset.
P\bPo\bos\bsi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- A _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a parameter denoted by one or more digits,
+ A _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a parameter denoted by one or more digits,
other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are assigned from
- the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using
- the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
- with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily
+ the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using
+ the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
+ with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily
replaced when a shell function is executed (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below).
- When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is
+ When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is
expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). Without
braces, a digit following $ can only refer to one of the first nine po-
- sitional parameters ($\b$1\b1-\b-$\b$9\b9) or the special parameter $\b$0\b0 (see the next
+ sitional parameters ($\b$1\b1-\b-$\b$9\b9) or the special parameter $\b$0\b0 (see the next
section).
S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
+ The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed. Special parame-
ters are denoted by one of the following characters.
- *\b* ($\b$*\b*) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.
- When the expansion is not within double quotes, each positional
- parameter expands to a separate word. In contexts where word
- expansions are performed, those words are subject to further
- word splitting and pathname expansion. When the expansion oc-
- curs within double quotes, it expands to a single word with the
- value of each parameter separated by the first character of the
+ *\b* ($\b$*\b*) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.
+ When the expansion is not within double quotes, each positional
+ parameter expands to a separate word. In contexts where word
+ expansions are performed, those words are subject to further
+ word splitting and pathname expansion. When the expansion oc-
+ curs within double quotes, it expands to a single word with the
+ value of each parameter separated by the first character of the
I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. That is, "\b"$\b$*\b*"\b" is equivalent to "\b"$\b$1\b1_\bc$\b$2\b2_\bc.\b..\b..\b."\b", where
- _\bc is the first character of the value of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. If
+ _\bc is the first character of the value of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. If
I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is
null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators.
- @\b@ ($\b$@\b@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.
+ @\b@ ($\b$@\b@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.
In contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each
- positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double
- quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts
+ positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double
+ quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts
where word splitting is not performed, such as the value portion
- of an assignment statement, this expands to a single word with
+ of an assignment statement, this expands to a single word with
each positional parameter separated by a space. When the expan-
- sion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting is per-
- formed, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is,
+ sion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting is per-
+ formed, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is,
"\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" is equivalent to "\b"$\b$1\b1"\b" "\b"$\b$2\b2"\b" .\b..\b..\b. If the double-quoted expan-
- sion occurs within a word, the expansion of the first parameter
+ sion occurs within a word, the expansion of the first parameter
is joined with the expansion of the beginning part of the origi-
nal word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with
the expansion of the last part of the original word. When there
- are no positional parameters, "\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" and $\b$@\b@ expand to nothing
+ are no positional parameters, "\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" and $\b$@\b@ expand to nothing
(i.e., they are removed).
#\b# ($\b$#\b#) Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
- ?\b? ($\b$?\b?) Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed
+ ?\b? ($\b$?\b?) Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed
command.
-\b- ($\b$-\b-) Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invo-
- cation, by the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, or those set by the shell
+ cation, by the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, or those set by the shell
itself (such as the -\b-i\bi option).
- $\b$ ($\b$$\b$) Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a subshell, it
+ $\b$ ($\b$$\b$) Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a subshell, it
expands to the process ID of the parent shell, not the subshell.
- !\b! ($\b$!\b!)Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed
+ !\b! ($\b$!\b!)Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed
into the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command
or using the b\bbg\bg builtin (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below).
- 0\b0 ($\b$0\b0) Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is
- set at shell initialization. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with a file of
- commands, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of that file. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is
+ 0\b0 ($\b$0\b0) Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is
+ set at shell initialization. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with a file of
+ commands, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of that file. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is
started with the -\b-c\bc option, then $\b$0\b0 is set to the first argument
- after the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise,
+ after the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise,
it is set to the filename used to invoke b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, as given by argu-
ment zero.
S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
The shell sets following variables:
- _\b_ ($\b$_\b_, an underscore) This has a number of meanings depending on
+ _\b_ ($\b$_\b_, an underscore) This has a number of meanings depending on
context. At shell startup, _\b_ is set to the pathname used to in-
- voke the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the
- environment or argument list. Subsequently, it expands to the
- last argument to the previous simple command executed in the
- foreground, after expansion. It is also set to the full path-
- name used to invoke each command executed and placed in the en-
- vironment exported to that command. When checking mail, $\b$_\b_ ex-
+ voke the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the
+ environment or argument list. Subsequently, it expands to the
+ last argument to the previous simple command executed in the
+ foreground, after expansion. It is also set to the full path-
+ name used to invoke each command executed and placed in the en-
+ vironment exported to that command. When checking mail, $\b$_\b_ ex-
pands to the name of the mail file currently being checked.
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
- the list is a valid argument for the -\b-s\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+ the list is a valid argument for the -\b-s\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The options
- appearing in B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt. If
- this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, the
+ appearing in B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt. If
+ this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, the
shell enables each option in the list before reading any startup
files. This variable is read-only.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD
- Expands to the process ID of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh process. This
- differs from $\b$$\b$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells
- that do not require b\bba\bas\bsh\bh to be re-initialized. Assignments to
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD have no effect. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD is unset, it loses its spe-
+ Expands to the process ID of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh process. This
+ differs from $\b$$\b$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells
+ that do not require b\bba\bas\bsh\bh to be re-initialized. Assignments to
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD have no effect. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD is unset, it loses its spe-
cial properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
- An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
- internal list of aliases as maintained by the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin.
- Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however,
- unsetting array elements currently does not remove aliases from
- the alias list. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS is unset, it loses its special
+ An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
+ internal list of aliases as maintained by the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin.
+ Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however,
+ unsetting array elements currently does not remove aliases from
+ the alias list. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS is unset, it loses its special
properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC
- An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in
+ An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in
each frame of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh execution call stack. The number
- of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or
- script executed with .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) is at the top of the stack.
- When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed
+ of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or
+ script executed with .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) is at the top of the stack.
+ When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed
is pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC. The shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC only when in
extended debugging mode (see the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg op-
- tion to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below). Setting e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg after the
+ tion to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below). Setting e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg after the
shell has started to execute a script, or referencing this vari-
- able when e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg is not set, may result in inconsistent val-
+ able when e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg is not set, may result in inconsistent val-
ues. Assignments to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC have no effect, and it may not be
unset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV
- An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur-
+ An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur-
rent b\bba\bas\bsh\bh execution call stack. The final parameter of the last
- subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter
+ subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter
of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is exe-
- cuted, the shell pushes the supplied parameters onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV.
- The shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV only when in extended debugging mode
+ cuted, the shell pushes the supplied parameters onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV.
+ The shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV only when in extended debugging mode
(see the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
below). Setting e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg after the shell has started to execute
a script, or referencing this variable when e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg is not set,
- may result in inconsistent values. Assignments to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV
+ may result in inconsistent values. Assignments to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV
have no effect, and it may not be unset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0
- When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell
+ When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell
or shell script (identical to $\b$0\b0; see the description of special
parameter 0 above). Assigning a value to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0 assigns the
- same value to $\b$0\b0. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0 is unset, it loses its special
+ same value to $\b$0\b0. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0 is unset, it loses its special
properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS
- An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
- internal hash table of commands as maintained by the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh
+ An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
+ internal hash table of commands as maintained by the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh
builtin. Adding elements to this array makes them appear in the
hash table; however, unsetting array elements currently does not
- remove command names from the hash table. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS is un-
+ remove command names from the hash table. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS is un-
set, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
reset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- Expands to the command currently being executed or about to be
- executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result
+ Expands to the command currently being executed or about to be
+ executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result
of a trap, in which case it is the command executing at the time
- of the trap. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD is unset, it loses its special
+ of the trap. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD is unset, it loses its special
properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN_\b_S\bST\bTR\bRI\bIN\bNG\bG
The command argument to the -\b-c\bc invocation option.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO
- An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source
- files where each corresponding member of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE was invoked.
+ An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source
+ files where each corresponding member of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE was invoked.
$\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is the line number in the source file
($\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b}) where $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called (or
- $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b-_\b1]\b]}\b} if referenced within another shell func-
- tion). Use L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO to obtain the current line number. Assign-
+ $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b-_\b1]\b]}\b} if referenced within another shell func-
+ tion). Use L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO to obtain the current line number. Assign-
ments to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO have no effect, and it may not be unset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLO\bOA\bAD\bDA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS_\b_P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- A colon-separated list of directories in which the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be com-
+ A colon-separated list of directories in which the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be com-
mand. looks for dynamically loadable builtins.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_M\bMO\bON\bNO\bOS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS
- Each time this variable is referenced, it expands to the value
- returned by the system's monotonic clock, if one is available.
- If there is no monotonic clock, this is equivalent to E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bC-\b-
- O\bON\bND\bDS\bS. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_M\bMO\bON\bNO\bOS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses its special prop-
+ Each time this variable is referenced, it expands to the value
+ returned by the system's monotonic clock, if one is available.
+ If there is no monotonic clock, this is equivalent to E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bC-\b-
+ O\bON\bND\bDS\bS. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_M\bMO\bON\bNO\bOS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses its special prop-
erties, even if it is subsequently reset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH
- An array variable whose members are assigned by the =\b=~\b~ binary
- operator to the [\b[[\b[ conditional command. The element with index
- 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular ex-
+ An array variable whose members are assigned by the =\b=~\b~ binary
+ operator to the [\b[[\b[ conditional command. The element with index
+ 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular ex-
pression. The element with index _\bn is the portion of the string
matching the _\bnth parenthesized subexpression.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE
- An array variable whose members are the source filenames where
- the corresponding shell function names in the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE array
+ An array variable whose members are the source filenames where
+ the corresponding shell function names in the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE array
variable are defined. The shell function $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is de-
- fined in the file $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} and called from
- $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b}. Assignments to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE have no ef-
+ fined in the file $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} and called from
+ $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b}. Assignments to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE have no ef-
fect, and it may not be unset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment
- when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini-
- tial value is 0. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL is unset, it loses its spe-
+ Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment
+ when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini-
+ tial value is 0. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL is unset, it loses its spe-
cial properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_T\bTR\bRA\bAP\bPS\bSI\bIG\bG
- Set to the signal number corresponding to the trap action being
- executed during its execution. See the description of t\btr\bra\bap\bp un-
- der S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below for information about signal
+ Set to the signal number corresponding to the trap action being
+ executed during its execution. See the description of t\btr\bra\bap\bp un-
+ der S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below for information about signal
numbers and trap execution.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO
A readonly array variable whose members hold version information
- for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The values assigned to the array
+ for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The values assigned to the array
members are as follows:
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[0]\b] The major version number (the _\br_\be_\bl_\be_\ba_\bs_\be).
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[1]\b] The minor version number (the _\bv_\be_\br_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn).
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[4]\b] The release status (e.g., _\bb_\be_\bt_\ba).
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[5]\b] The value of M\bMA\bAC\bCH\bHT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
+ Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh (e.g., 5.2.37(3)-release).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
- An index into $\b${\b{C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS}\b} of the word containing the current
+ An index into $\b${\b{C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS}\b} of the word containing the current
cursor position. This variable is available only in shell func-
- tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
+ tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY
The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the cur-
- rent completion function. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the programma-
+ rent completion function. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the programma-
ble completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
- The current command line. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the programma-
+ The current command line. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the programma-
ble completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT
- The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin-
- ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is
+ The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin-
+ ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is
at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is
- equal to $\b${\b{#\b#C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE}\b}. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the programma-
+ equal to $\b${\b{#\b#C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE}\b}. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the programma-
ble completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of attempted
- completion that caused a completion function to be called: _\bT_\bA_\bB,
- for normal completion, _\b?, for listing completions after succes-
- sive tabs, _\b!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple-
- tion, _\b@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or
- _\b%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the programma-
+ Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of attempted
+ completion that caused a completion function to be called: _\bT_\bA_\bB,
+ for normal completion, _\b?, for listing completions after succes-
+ sive tabs, _\b!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple-
+ tion, _\b@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or
+ _\b%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the programma-
ble completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
- The set of characters that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library treats as word
- separators when performing word completion. If C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
- is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
+ The set of characters that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library treats as word
+ separators when performing word completion. If C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
+ is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
quently reset.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) consisting of the individ-
- ual words in the current command line. The line is split into
- words as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be would split it, using C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS as de-
- scribed above. This variable is available only in shell func-
- tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) consisting of the individ-
+ ual words in the current command line. The line is split into
+ words as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be would split it, using C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS as de-
+ scribed above. This variable is available only in shell func-
+ tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
- C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the file
- descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess
+ C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the file
+ descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess
(see C\bCo\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bse\bes\bs above).
D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK
An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing the current con-
- tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack
- in the order they are displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin. Assigning
+ tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack
+ in the order they are displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin. Assigning
to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo-
- ries already in the stack, but the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd and p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd builtins must
+ ries already in the stack, but the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd and p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd builtins must
be used to add and remove directories. Assignment to this vari-
- able will not change the current directory. If D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK is un-
+ able will not change the current directory. If D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK is un-
set, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
reset.
E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE
Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number
- of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3)) as a floating
+ of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3)) as a floating-
point value with micro-second granularity. Assignments to
- E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE are ignored. If E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE is unset, it loses
+ E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE are ignored. If E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE is unset, it loses
its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS
Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number
- of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3)). Assignments to
- E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS are ignored. If E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses
+ of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3)). Assignments to
+ E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS are ignored. If E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses
its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
- E\bEU\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial-
+ E\bEU\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial-
ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly.
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
- An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
+ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0
is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot-
- tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main".
- This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
- Assignments to F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE have no effect. If F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE is unset,
- it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently re-
+ tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main".
+ This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
+ Assignments to F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE have no effect. If F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE is unset,
+ it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently re-
set.
- This variable can be used with B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE.
- Each element of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE has corresponding elements in
+ This variable can be used with B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE.
+ Each element of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE has corresponding elements in
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE to describe the call stack. For in-
- stance, $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called from the file
- $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b} at line number $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b}. The
+ stance, $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called from the file
+ $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b} at line number $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b}. The
c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br builtin displays the current call stack using this infor-
mation.
- G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
+ G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
current user is a member. Assignments to G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS have no effect.
- If G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it
+ If G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it
is subsequently reset.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD
The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
Automatically set to the name of the current host.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type
- of machine on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-
+ Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type
+ of machine on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-
dependent.
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a
- decimal number representing the current sequential line number
- (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
- script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a
+ decimal number representing the current sequential line number
+ (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
+ script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
be meaningful. If L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO is unset, it loses its special proper-
ties, even if it is subsequently reset.
M\bMA\bAC\bCH\bHT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
- type on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing, in the standard GNU _\bc_\bp_\bu_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
+ type on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing, in the standard GNU _\bc_\bp_\bu_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bn_\by_\b-_\bs_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm format. The default is system-dependent.
M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the text
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the text
read by the m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be builtin when no variable name is supplied.
O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD The previous working directory as set by the c\bcd\bd command.
- O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG The value of the last option argument processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG The value of the last option argument processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD The index of the next argument to be processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD The index of the next argument to be processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOS\bST\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys-
- tem on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-depen-
+ O\bOS\bST\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys-
+ tem on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-depen-
dent.
P\bPI\bIP\bPE\bES\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing a list of exit
- status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed
- foreground pipeline, which may consist of only a simple command
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing a list of exit
+ status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed
+ foreground pipeline, which may consist of only a simple command
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above).
- P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read-
+ P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read-
only.
P\bPW\bWD\bD The current working directory as set by the c\bcd\bd command.
- R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to a random
- integer between 0 and 32767. Assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM ini-
- tializes (seeds) the sequence of random numbers. Seeding the
- random number generator with the same constant value will pro-
- duce the same sequence of values. If R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is unset, it loses
+ R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to a random
+ integer between 0 and 32767. Assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM ini-
+ tializes (seeds) the sequence of random numbers. Seeding the
+ random number generator with the same constant value will pro-
+ duce the same sequence of values. If R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is unset, it loses
its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGU\bUM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- Any numeric argument given to a readline command that was de-
+ Any numeric argument given to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command that was de-
fined using "bind -x" (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) when it
was invoked.
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK
The position of the mark (saved insertion point) in the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- line buffer, for use with "bind -x" (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
+ line buffer, for use with "bind -x" (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
below). The characters between the insertion point and the mark
are often called the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn.
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT
The position of the insertion point in the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer,
for use with "bind -x" (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY Set to the line of input read by the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin command when
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY Set to the line of input read by the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin command when
no arguments are supplied.
S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS
Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number
- of seconds since shell invocation. If a value is assigned to
- S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the
- number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
- The number of seconds at shell invocation and the current time
+ of seconds since shell invocation. If a value is assigned to
+ S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the
+ number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
+ The number of seconds at shell invocation and the current time
are always determined by querying the system clock at one-second
- resolution. If S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses its special proper-
+ resolution. If S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses its special proper-
ties, even if it is subsequently reset.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
- the list is a valid argument for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+ the list is a valid argument for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The options
- appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
- this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, the
+ appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
+ this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, the
shell enables each option in the list before reading any startup
files. This variable is read-only.
S\bSH\bHL\bLV\bVL\bL Incremented by one each time an instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started.
S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM
- Each time it is referenced, this variable expands to a 32-bit
+ Each time it is referenced, this variable expands to a 32-bit
pseudo-random number. The random number generator is not linear
- on systems that support _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bu_\br_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bo_\bm or _\ba_\br_\bc_\b4_\br_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bo_\bm(3), so each
+ on systems that support _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bu_\br_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bo_\bm or _\ba_\br_\bc_\b4_\br_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bo_\bm(3), so each
returned number has no relationship to the numbers preceding it.
- The random number generator cannot be seeded, so assignments to
+ The random number generator cannot be seeded, so assignments to
this variable have no effect. If S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is unset, it loses its
special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
U\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell
startup. This variable is readonly.
- The shell uses the following variables. In some cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns a
+ The shell uses the following variables. In some cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns a
default value to a variable; these cases are noted below.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT
- The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See
- S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE below for a description of the various
+ The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE below for a description of the various
compatibility levels and their effects. The value may be a dec-
- imal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding
- to the desired compatibility level. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is unset or
- set to the empty string, the compatibility level is set to the
- default for the current version. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is set to a
- value that is not one of the valid compatibility levels, the
- shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility level
- to the default for the current version. A subset of the valid
- values correspond to the compatibility levels described below
- under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE. For example, 4.2 and 42 are
- valid values that correspond to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2 s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt option and
- set the compatibility level to 42. The current version is also
+ imal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding
+ to the desired compatibility level. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is unset or
+ set to the empty string, the compatibility level is set to the
+ default for the current version. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is set to a
+ value that is not one of the valid compatibility levels, the
+ shell prints an error message and sets the compatibility level
+ to the default for the current version. A subset of the valid
+ values correspond to the compatibility levels described below
+ under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE. For example, 4.2 and 42 are
+ valid values that correspond to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2 s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt option and
+ set the compatibility level to 42. The current version is also
a valid value.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV
- If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
- its expanded value is interpreted as a filename containing com-
- mands to initialize the shell before it reads and executes com-
- mands from the script. The value of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV is subjected to
+ If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
+ its expanded value is interpreted as a filename containing com-
+ mands to initialize the shell before it reads and executes com-
+ mands from the script. The value of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV is subjected to
parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expan-
- sion before being interpreted as a filename. P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used
+ sion before being interpreted as a filename. P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used
to search for the resultant filename.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD
- If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will write the trace output generated when "set -x" is en-
- abled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed
- when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace
- output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting
+ If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will write the trace output generated when "set -x" is en-
+ abled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed
+ when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace
+ output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then
unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed.
- C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
list of directories where the shell looks for directories speci-
- fied as arguments to the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
+ fied as arguments to the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
".:~:/usr".
C\bCH\bHI\bIL\bLD\bD_\b_M\bMA\bAX\bX
- Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to
- remember. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh will not allow this value to be decreased below
- a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur-
- rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is
+ Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to
+ remember. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh will not allow this value to be decreased below
+ a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur-
+ rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is
system-dependent.
C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS
- Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the terminal
- width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
+ Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the terminal
+ width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
An array variable from which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads the possible completions
- generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
- pletion facility (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below). Each ar-
+ generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
+ pletion facility (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below). Each ar-
ray element contains one possible completion.
- E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
- starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
+ E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
+ starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
- E\bEN\bNV\bV Expanded and executed similarly to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- above) when an interactive shell is invoked in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be.
+ E\bEN\bNV\bV Expanded and executed similarly to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ above) when an interactive shell is invoked in posix mode.
E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg)
- defining the set of filenames to be ignored by command search
- using P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat-
- terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of
+ A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg)
+ defining the set of filenames to be ignored by command search
+ using P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat-
+ terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of
completion and command execution via P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH lookup. This does not
affect the behavior of the [\b[, t\bte\bes\bst\bt, and [\b[[\b[ commands. Full path-
- names in the command hash table are not subject to E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE.
- Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the
- executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern
+ names in the command hash table are not subject to E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE.
+ Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the
+ executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern
matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option.
F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT The default editor for the f\bfc\bc builtin command.
F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
+ A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
filename completion (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below). A filename whose suf-
- fix matches one of the entries in F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is excluded from the
+ fix matches one of the entries in F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is excluded from the
list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~".
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT
- If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum
- function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this
+ If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum
+ function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this
nesting level will cause the current command to abort.
G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file
- names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name
- matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the
- patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is removed from the list of matches.
+ A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file
+ names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name
+ matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the
+ patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is removed from the list of matches.
The pattern matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell op-
tion.
G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBS\bSO\bOR\bRT\bT
- Controls how the results of pathname expansion are sorted. The
- value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort or-
- der for the results of pathname expansion. If this variable is
- unset or set to the null string, pathname expansion uses the
- historical behavior of sorting by name.
+ Controls how the results of pathname expansion are sorted. The
+ value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort or-
+ der for the results of pathname expansion. If this variable is
+ unset or set to the null string, pathname expansion uses the
+ historical behavior of sorting by name, in ascending lexico-
+ graphic order as determined by the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE shell variable.
If set, a valid value begins with an optional _\b+, which is ig-
nored, or _\b-, which reverses the sort order from ascending to de-
order by modification time (newest first).
The _\bn_\bu_\bm_\be_\br_\bi_\bc specifier treats names consisting solely of digits
- as numbers and sorts them using the numeric value (so "2" will
- sort before "10", for example). When using _\bn_\bu_\bm_\be_\br_\bi_\bc, names con-
- taining non-digits sort after all the all-digit names and are
+ as numbers and sorts them using their numeric value (so "2" will
+ sort before "10", for example). When using _\bn_\bu_\bm_\be_\br_\bi_\bc, names con-
+ taining non-digits sort after all the all-digit names and are
sorted by name using the traditional behavior.
- A sort specifier of _\bn_\bo_\bs_\bo_\br_\bt disables sorting completely; the re-
- sults are returned in the order they are read from the file sys-
- tem, and any leading _\b+ or _\b- is ignored.
+ A sort specifier of _\bn_\bo_\bs_\bo_\br_\bt disables sorting completely; b\bba\bas\bsh\bh re-
+ turns the results in the order they are read from the file sys-
+ tem, ignoring any leading _\b-.
- If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so a
- value of _\b+ is equivalent to the null string, and a value of _\b-
- sorts by name in descending order. Any invalid value restores
+ If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so a
+ value of _\b+ is equivalent to the null string, and a value of _\b-
+ sorts by name in descending order. Any invalid value restores
the historical sorting behavior.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
- A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
- saved on the history list. If the list of values includes
- _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
- saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
+ A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
+ saved on the history list. If the list of values includes
+ _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
+ saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
matching the previous history entry not to be saved. A value of
_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bb_\bo_\bt_\bh is shorthand for _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be and _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs. A value
of _\be_\br_\ba_\bs_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes all previous lines matching the current line
- to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
- Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
- unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
+ to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
+ Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
+ unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value
- of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
- compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
- regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL if the first line of the
- command was saved. If the first line was not saved, the second
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
+ compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
+ regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL if the first line of the
+ command was saved. If the first line was not saved, the second
and subsequent lines of the command are not saved either.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
The name of the file in which command history is saved (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
- T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh assigns a default value of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by.
- If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset or null, the shell does not save the com-
+ T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh assigns a default value of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by.
+ If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset or null, the shell does not save the com-
mand history when it exits.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When
- this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
- cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of
- lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also
+ this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
+ cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of
+ lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also
truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits or by
- the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If the value is 0, the history file is
- truncated to zero size. Non-numeric values and numeric values
- less than zero inhibit truncation. The shell sets the default
+ the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If the value is 0, the history file is
+ truncated to zero size. Non-numeric values and numeric values
+ less than zero inhibit truncation. The shell sets the default
value to the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE after reading any startup files.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
- lines should be saved on the history list. If a command line
- matches one of the patterns in the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is
- not saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the
- beginning of the line and must match the complete line (b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- will not implicitly append a "*\b*"). Each pattern is tested
- against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are
+ A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
+ lines should be saved on the history list. If a command line
+ matches one of the patterns in the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is
+ not saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the
+ beginning of the line and must match the complete line (b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ will not implicitly append a "*\b*"). Each pattern is tested
+ against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are
applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching char-
acters, "&\b&" matches the previous history line. A backslash will
- escape the "&\b&"; the backslash is removed before attempting a
+ escape the "&\b&"; the backslash is removed before attempting a
match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound
- command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless
- of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. If the first line was not saved,
+ command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless
+ of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. If the first line was not saved,
the second and subsequent lines of the command are not saved ei-
- ther. The pattern matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
+ ther. The pattern matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
shell option.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
- H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in
+ The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in
the history list. Numeric values less than zero result in every
- command being saved on the history list (there is no limit).
- The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any
+ command being saved on the history list (there is no limit).
+ The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any
startup files.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
+ If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to print the time stamp associated
- with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
- this variable is set, the shell writes time stamps to the his-
- tory file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This
- uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps
+ with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
+ this variable is set, the shell writes time stamps to the his-
+ tory file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This
+ uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps
from other history lines.
H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for
the c\bcd\bd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used
when performing tilde expansion.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
- Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
+ Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
- The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
- the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is at-
- tempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
- the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
- no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
- read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
+ The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
+ the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is at-
+ tempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
+ the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
+ no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
+ read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
tions. When H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
I\bIF\bFS\bS The _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd _\bS_\be_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br that is used for word splitting af-
- ter expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ ter expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
builtin command. Word splitting is described above under E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bN-\b-
S\bSI\bIO\bON\bN. The default value is "<space><tab><newline>".
I\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bEE\bEO\bOF\bF
Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an E\bEO\bOF\bF
character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of
- consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
- characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
- is set but does not have a numeric value, or the value is null,
- the default value is 10. If it is unset, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the end
+ consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
+ characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
+ is set but does not have a numeric value, or the value is null,
+ the default value is 10. If it is unset, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the end
of input to the shell.
I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC
- The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the de-
+ The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the de-
fault of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below).
I\bIN\bNS\bSI\bID\bDE\bE_\b_E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS
- If this variable appears in the environment when the shell
- starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assumes that it is running inside an Emacs shell
- buffer and may disable line editing, depending on the value of
+ If this variable appears in the environment when the shell
+ starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assumes that it is running inside an Emacs shell
+ buffer and may disable line editing, depending on the value of
T\bTE\bER\bRM\bM.
- L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
+ L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
specifically selected with a variable starting with L\bLC\bC_\b_.
- L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
variable specifying a locale category.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE
- This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
- the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
- of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating se-
+ This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
+ the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
+ of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating se-
quences within pathname expansion and pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
- the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
+ This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
+ the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_M\bME\bES\bSS\bSA\bAG\bGE\bES\bS
- This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
+ This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
quoted strings preceded by a $\b$.
L\bLC\bC_\b_N\bNU\bUM\bME\bER\bRI\bIC\bC
- This variable determines the locale category used for number
+ This variable determines the locale category used for number
formatting.
L\bLC\bC_\b_T\bTI\bIM\bME\bE
- This variable determines the locale category used for data and
+ This variable determines the locale category used for data and
time formatting.
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
- length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
+ length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If the value is set to a file or directory name and the M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the arrival of
+ variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the arrival of
mail in the specified file or Maildir-format directory.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLC\bCH\bHE\bEC\bCK\bK
- Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The de-
- fault is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
- shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
- variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+ Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The de-
+ fault is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
+ shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
+ variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail. The
message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file may
- be specified by separating the filename from the message with a
- "?". When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to the
+ be specified by separating the filename from the message with a
+ "?". When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to the
name of the current mailfile. Example:
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"'
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari-
- able (there is no value by default), but the location of the
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari-
+ able (there is no value by default), but the location of the
user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g.,
/var/mail/$\b$U\bUS\bSE\bER\bR).
O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR If set to the value 1, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays error messages generated by
- the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
+ the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
shell script is executed.
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
- directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
+ directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
+ E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH indicates the current directory. A null directory
- name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
- trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
+ name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
+ trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
set by the administrator who installs b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. A common value is
"/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin".
P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bXL\bLY\bY_\b_C\bCO\bOR\bRR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bT
- If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
- shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
- the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
- while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
+ If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
+ shell enters posix mode before reading the startup files, as if
+ the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
+ while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables posix mode, as if the
command "set -o posix" had been executed. When the shell enters
- _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, it sets this variable if it was not already set.
+ posix mode, it sets this variable if it was not already set.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- If this variable is set, and is an array, the value of each set
- element is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary
- prompt. If this is set but not an array variable, its value is
+ If this variable is set, and is an array, the value of each set
+ element is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary
+ prompt. If this is set but not an array variable, its value is
used as a command to execute instead.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM
- If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
+ If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding
- the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
+ the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
- P\bPS\bS0\b0 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
- and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and
+ P\bPS\bS0\b0 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and
before the command is executed.
- P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
- and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
+ P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
"\s-\v\$ ".
- P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
+ P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
the secondary prompt string. The default is "> ".
P\bPS\bS3\b3 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above).
- P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
+ P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
value is printed before each command b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays during an ex-
ecution trace. The first character of the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4
is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple
levels of indirection. The default is "+ ".
- S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL This variable expands to the full pathname to the shell. If it
- is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to it the full
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL This variable expands to the full pathname to the shell. If it
+ is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to it the full
pathname of the current user's login shell.
T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
- ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
- t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
- duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
- other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
+ The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
+ ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
+ t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
+ duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
+ other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
as follows; the brackets denote optional portions.
%\b%%\b% A literal %\b%.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]R\bR The elapsed time in seconds.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]S\bS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
%\b%P\bP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
- The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
+ The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes
- no decimal point or fraction to be output. t\bti\bim\bme\be will print at
- most six digits after the decimal point; values of _\bp greater
- than 6 are changed to 6. If _\bp is not specified, t\bti\bim\bme\be prints
+ no decimal point or fraction to be output. t\bti\bim\bme\be will print at
+ most six digits after the decimal point; values of _\bp greater
+ than 6 are changed to 6. If _\bp is not specified, t\bti\bim\bme\be prints
three digits after the decimal point.
- The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
- the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
+ The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
+ the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
the fraction is included.
- If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
- $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null,
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not display any timing information. A trailing new-
+ If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
+ $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null,
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not display any timing information. A trailing new-
line is added when the format string is displayed.
- T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin uses the
- value as its default timeout. The s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command terminates if
- input does not arrive after T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT seconds when input is coming
- from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is inter-
- preted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input af-
- ter issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting
- for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not
+ T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin uses the
+ value as its default timeout. The s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command terminates if
+ input does not arrive after T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT seconds when input is coming
+ from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is inter-
+ preted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input af-
+ ter issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting
+ for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not
arrive.
- T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
+ T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh creates temporary files for the shell's use.
a\bau\but\bto\bo_\b_r\bre\bes\bsu\bum\bme\be
This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
- job control. If this variable is set, simple commands consist-
- ing of only a single word, without redirections, are treated as
- candidates for resumption of an existing stopped job. There is
- no ambiguity allowed; if there is more than one job beginning
- with or containing the word, this selects the most recently ac-
- cessed job. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a stopped job, in this context, is the
- command line used to start it, as displayed by j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs. If set to
- the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the word must match the name of a stopped job
- exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the word needs to match a sub-
- string of the name of a stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value pro-
+ job control. If this variable is set, simple commands consist-
+ ing of only a single word, without redirections, are treated as
+ candidates for resumption of an existing stopped job. There is
+ no ambiguity allowed; if there is more than one job beginning
+ with or containing the word, this selects the most recently ac-
+ cessed job. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a stopped job, in this context, is the
+ command line used to start it, as displayed by j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs. If set to
+ the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the word must match the name of a stopped job
+ exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the word needs to match a sub-
+ string of the name of a stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value pro-
vides functionality analogous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB
- C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set to any other value (e.g., _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx), the
- word must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides
+ C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set to any other value (e.g., _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx), the
+ word must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides
functionality analogous to the %\b%_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg job identifier.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs
- The two or three characters which control history expansion and
+ The two or three characters which control history expansion and
tokenization (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). The first character
- is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
- the start of a history expansion, normally "!\b!". The second
- character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
- shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
- tuting one string for another in the command, when it appears as
- the first character on the line. The default is "^\b^". The op-
- tional third character is the character which indicates that the
- remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first char-
- acter of a word, normally "#\b#". The history comment character
- causes history substitution to be skipped for the remaining
- words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell
- parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
+ is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which begins a
+ history expansion, normally "!\b!". The second character is the
+ _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, normally "^\b^". When it appears as
+ the first character on the line, history substitution repeats
+ the previous command, replacing one string with another. The
+ optional third character is the character which indicates that
+ the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first
+ character of a word, normally "#\b#". The history comment charac-
+ ter disables history substitution for the remaining words on the
+ line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat
+ the rest of the line as a comment.
A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
- Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
- explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
- an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
- tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
+ Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
+ explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
+ an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
+ tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are ref-
erenced using arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise noted, indexed array
indices must be non-negative integers.
- An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
+ An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
to using the syntax _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is treated as
an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number greater than or
- equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba
+ equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is
also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is ignored.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
Arrays are assigned using compound assignments of the form _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1
- ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be may be of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg.
- Indexed array assignments do not require anything but _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Each
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be in the list is expanded using the shell expansions described be-
+ ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be may be of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg.
+ Indexed array assignments do not require anything but _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Each
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be in the list is expanded using the shell expansions described be-
low under E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN, but _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\bes that are valid variable assignments in-
- cluding the brackets and subscript do not undergo brace expansion and
+ cluding the brackets and subscript do not undergo brace expansion and
word splitting, as with individual variable assignments.
- When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and sub-
- script are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index of
- the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement
+ When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and sub-
+ script are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index of
+ the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement
plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
When assigning to an associative array, the words in a compound assign-
- ment may be either assignment statements, for which the subscript is
- required, or a list of words that is interpreted as a sequence of al-
- ternating keys and values: _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b( _\bk_\be_\by_\b1 _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b1 _\bk_\be_\by_\b2 _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b2 ...)\b). These
- are treated identically to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b( [_\bk_\be_\by_\b1]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b1 [_\bk_\be_\by_\b2]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b2 ...)\b).
- The first word in the list determines how the remaining words are in-
- terpreted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type. When
- using key/value pairs, the keys may not be missing or empty; a final
+ ment may be either assignment statements, for which the subscript is
+ required, or a list of words that is interpreted as a sequence of al-
+ ternating keys and values: _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b( _\bk_\be_\by_\b1 _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b1 _\bk_\be_\by_\b2 _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b2 ...)\b). These
+ are treated identically to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b( [_\bk_\be_\by_\b1]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b1 [_\bk_\be_\by_\b2]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\b2 ...)\b).
+ The first word in the list determines how the remaining words are in-
+ terpreted; all assignments in a list must be of the same type. When
+ using key/value pairs, the keys may not be missing or empty; a final
missing value is treated like the empty string.
- This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
- elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax in-
+ This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
+ elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax in-
troduced above.
- When assigning to an indexed array, if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is subscripted by a nega-
+ When assigning to an indexed array, if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is subscripted by a nega-
tive number, that number is interpreted as relative to one greater than
- the maximum index of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so negative indices count back from the end
+ the maximum index of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so negative indices count back from the end
of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
- The += operator will append to an array variable when assigning using
+ The += operator will append to an array variable when assigning using
the compound assignment syntax; see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS above.
- An array element is referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. The braces
- are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt
+ An array element is referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. The braces
+ are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt
is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, unless noted in the
- description of a builtin or word expansion. These subscripts differ
- only when the word appears within double quotes. If the word is dou-
- ble-quoted, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[*]} expands to a single word with the value of each
- array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS special vari-
- able, and ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands each element of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to a separate word.
+ description of a builtin or word expansion. These subscripts differ
+ only when the word appears within double quotes. If the word is dou-
+ ble-quoted, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[*]} expands to a single word with the value of each
+ array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS special vari-
+ able, and ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands each element of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to a separate word.
When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to nothing. If the
- double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of the
- first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the expansion of
- the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
- with the last part of the expansion of the original word. This is
- analogous to the expansion of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\be-\b-
+ double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of the
+ first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the expansion of
+ the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
+ with the last part of the expansion of the original word. This is
+ analogous to the expansion of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\be-\b-
c\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs above).
- ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If
+ ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If
_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, the expansion is the number of elements in the ar-
ray.
If the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt used to reference an element of an indexed array eval-
- uates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to one
- greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last
+ uates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to one
+ greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices count
+ back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last
element.
Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to ref-
- erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable
+ erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable
using a valid subscript is valid, and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will create an array if nec-
essary.
- An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
+ An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
value. The null string is a valid value.
- It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the
- values. ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]} expand to the indices assigned in
+ It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the
+ values. ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]} expand to the indices assigned in
array variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The treatment when in double quotes is similar to
the expansion of the special parameters _\b@ and _\b* within double quotes.
The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin is used to destroy arrays. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt] un-
- sets the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, for both indexed and asso-
- ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted
- as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable
- does not unset the variable. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, re-
- moves the entire array. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt] behaves differently de-
- pending on whether _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed or associative array when _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ sets the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, for both indexed and asso-
+ ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted
+ as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable
+ does not unset the variable. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, re-
+ moves the entire array. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt] behaves differently de-
+ pending on whether _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed or associative array when _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array, this unsets the el-
- ement with subscript *\b* or @\b@. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array, unset re-
+ ement with subscript *\b* or @\b@. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array, unset re-
moves all of the elements but does not remove the array itself.
- When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com-
- mand, such as with u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt, without using the word expansion syntax de-
- scribed above, (e.g., unset a[4]), the argument is subject to pathname
- expansion. Quote the argument if pathname expansion is not desired
+ When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com-
+ mand, such as with u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt, without using the word expansion syntax de-
+ scribed above, (e.g., unset a[4]), the argument is subject to pathname
+ expansion. Quote the argument if pathname expansion is not desired
(e.g., unset 'a[4]').
- The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
- specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative ar-
- ray. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
+ The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
+ specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative ar-
+ ray. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
standard input to an array. The s\bse\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtins display array
- values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. Other
- builtins accept array name arguments as well (e.g., m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be); see the
- descriptions of individual builtins below for details. The shell pro-
+ values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. Other
+ builtins accept array name arguments as well (e.g., m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be); see the
+ descriptions of individual builtins below for details. The shell pro-
vides a number of builtin array variables.
E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
_\bm_\be_\bt_\bi_\bc _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg, _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, and _\bq_\bu_\bo_\bt_\be _\br_\be_\bm_\bo_\bv_\ba_\bl.
The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter
- and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution
- (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; pathname expansion;
+ and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution
+ (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; pathname expansion;
and quote removal.
On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail-
- able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. This is performed at the same time as
- tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub-
+ able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. This is performed at the same time as
+ tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub-
stitution.
- _\bQ_\bu_\bo_\bt_\be _\br_\be_\bm_\bo_\bv_\ba_\bl is always performed last. It removes quote characters
- present in the original word, not ones resulting from one of the other
+ _\bQ_\bu_\bo_\bt_\be _\br_\be_\bm_\bo_\bv_\ba_\bl is always performed last. It removes quote characters
+ present in the original word, not ones resulting from one of the other
expansions, unless they have been quoted themselves.
- Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in-
- crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
- single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex-
+ Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in-
+ crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
+ single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex-
pansions of "\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" and "\b"$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[@\b@]\b]}\b}"\b", and, in most cases, $\b$*\b* and
$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[*\b*]\b]}\b} as explained above (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS).
B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- _\bB_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is a mechanism to generate arbitrary strings sharing a
+ _\bB_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is a mechanism to generate arbitrary strings sharing a
common prefix and suffix, either of which can be empty. This mechanism
- is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the filenames generated need not
- exist. Patterns to be brace expanded are formed from an optional _\bp_\br_\be_\b-
- _\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be, followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a se-
- quence expression between a pair of braces, followed by an optional
- _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within
- the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting
+ is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the filenames generated need not
+ exist. Patterns to be brace expanded are formed from an optional _\bp_\br_\be_\b-
+ _\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be, followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a se-
+ quence expression between a pair of braces, followed by an optional
+ _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within
+ the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting
string, expanding left to right.
- Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
+ Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
are not sorted; brace expansion preserves left to right order. For ex-
ample, a{\b{d,c,b}\b}e expands into "ade ace abe".
- A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
- either integers or single letters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment, is
+ A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
+ either integers or single letters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment, is
an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each
- number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. If the supplied integers are pre-
- fixed with _\b0, each term will have the same width, zero-padding if nec-
- essary. When either _\bx or _\by begins with a zero, the shell attempts to
- force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-
+ number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. If the supplied integers are pre-
+ fixed with _\b0, each term will have the same width, zero-padding if nec-
+ essary. When either _\bx or _\by begins with a zero, the shell attempts to
+ force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-
padding where necessary. When letters are supplied, the expression ex-
- pands to each character lexicographically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive,
+ pands to each character lexicographically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive,
using the default C locale. Note that both _\bx and _\by must be of the same
- type (integer or letter). When the increment is supplied, it is used
- as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1
+ type (integer or letter). When the increment is supplied, it is used
+ as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1
as appropriate.
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char-
- acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
- strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
+ acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
+ strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
the context of the expansion or the text between the braces.
- A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
+ A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence ex-
pression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
A {\b{ or ,\b, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered
- part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
+ part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
sion, the string $\b${\b{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and
inhibits brace expansion until the closing }\b}.
or
chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
- Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
- versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
- when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
- For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
- the output. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh outputs that word as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after brace expan-
- sion. Start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the +\b+B\bB option or disable brace expansion with
+ Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
+ versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
+ when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
+ For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
+ the output. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh outputs that word as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after brace expan-
+ sion. Start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the +\b+B\bB option or disable brace expansion with
the +\b+B\bB option to the s\bse\bet\bt command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) for
strict s\bsh\bh compatibility.
T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character ("~\b~"), all of the
- characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
- there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
- the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
- tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+ If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character ("~\b~"), all of the
+ characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
+ there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
+ the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
+ tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the tilde expands
- to the home directory of the user executing the shell instead. Other-
- wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
+ to the home directory of the user executing the shell instead. Other-
+ wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
with the specified login name.
- If the tilde-prefix is a "~+", the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD re-
+ If the tilde-prefix is a "~+", the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD re-
places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a "~-", the shell sub-
- stitutes the value of the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set. If the
- characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number
- _\bN, optionally prefixed by a "+" or a "-", the tilde-prefix is replaced
+ stitutes the value of the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set. If the
+ characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number
+ _\bN, optionally prefixed by a "+" or a "-", the tilde-prefix is replaced
with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be
displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin invoked with the characters following the
- tilde in the tilde-prefix as an argument. If the characters following
+ tilde in the tilde-prefix as an argument. If the characters following
the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number without a leading "+"
or "-", tilde expansion assumes "+".
- The results of tilde expansion are treated as if they were quoted, so
- the replacement is not subject to word splitting and pathname expan-
+ The results of tilde expansion are treated as if they were quoted, so
+ the replacement is not subject to word splitting and pathname expan-
sion.
- If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the tilde-
+ If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the tilde-
prefix is unchanged.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh checks each variable assignment for unquoted tilde-prefixes imme-
- diately following a :\b: or the first =\b=, and performs tilde expansion in
- these cases. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in as-
- signments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the ex-
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh checks each variable assignment for unquoted tilde-prefixes imme-
+ diately following a :\b: or the first =\b=, and performs tilde expansion in
+ these cases. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in as-
+ signments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the ex-
panded value.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions
of variable assignments (as described above under P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS) when they
- appear as arguments to simple commands. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not do this, except
- for the _\bd_\be_\bc_\bl_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn commands listed above, when in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be.
+ appear as arguments to simple commands. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not do this, except
+ for the _\bd_\be_\bc_\bl_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn commands listed above, when in posix mode.
P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
The "$\b$" character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution,
- or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
- may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
- variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
+ or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
+ may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
+ variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
could be interpreted as part of the name.
- When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first "}\b}" not
+ When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first "}\b}" not
escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an em-
- bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan-
+ bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan-
sion.
The basic form of parameter expansion is
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
which substitutes the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The braces are required when
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as
- part of its name. The _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a shell parameter as described
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as
+ part of its name. The _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a shell parameter as described
above P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS) or an array reference (A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs).
- If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), and
+ If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), and
_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is not a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf, it introduces a level of indirection. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
uses the value formed by expanding the rest of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as the new _\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br; this new parameter is then expanded and that value is used in
- the rest of the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. This is known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The value is subject
- to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and
- arithmetic expansion. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a nameref, this expands to the
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br; this new parameter is then expanded and that value is used in
+ the rest of the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. This is known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The value is subject
+ to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and
+ arithmetic expansion. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a nameref, this expands to the
name of the parameter referenced by _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br instead of performing the
complete indirect expansion, for compatibility. The exceptions to this
are the expansions of ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The
- exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to
+ exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to
introduce indirection.
In each of the cases below, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is subject to tilde expansion, parame-
ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented be-
- low (e.g., :\b:-\b-), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
+ low (e.g., :\b:-\b-), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
Omitting the colon tests only for a parameter that is unset.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:-\b-_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:=\b=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the ex-
- pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is assigned to _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, and the expansion is
+ A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the ex-
+ pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is assigned to _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, and the expansion is
the final value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. Positional parameters and special
parameters may not be assigned in this way.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:?\b?_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
+ D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
the shell writes the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that ef-
fect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is not present) to the standard error and, if it is
- not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. An interactive
+ not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. An interactive
shell does not exit, but does not execute the command associated
- with the expansion. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is sub-
+ with the expansion. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is sub-
stituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:+\b+_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
- substituted, otherwise the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted.
+ U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
+ substituted, otherwise the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted.
The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is not used.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt:\b:_\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh}
- S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of the
- value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\b-
- _\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, an indexed array subscripted by @\b@
- or *\b*, or an associative array name, the results differ as de-
- scribed below. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring
+ S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of the
+ value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\b-
+ _\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, an indexed array subscripted by @\b@
+ or *\b*, or an associative array name, the results differ as de-
+ scribed below. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring
of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by
_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and extending to the end of the value. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
are arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
- If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
+ If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the value
- of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a number of characters, and the expan-
- sion is the characters between _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and that result. Note
- that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at
+ of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a number of characters, and the expan-
+ sion is the characters between _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and that result. Note
+ that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at
least one space to avoid being confused with the :\b:-\b- expansion.
- If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parame-
- ters beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative
- to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parame-
+ ters beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative
+ to one greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an
offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter (or 0 if
- there are no positional parameters). It is an expansion error
+ there are no positional parameters). It is an expansion error
if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero.
If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the
result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\b-
- _\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one
+ _\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one
greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It is an
expansion error if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero.
Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces un-
defined results.
- Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame-
- ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de-
- fault. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used,
+ Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame-
+ ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de-
+ fault. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used,
$\b$0\b0 is prefixed to the list.
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*}
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx@\b@}
- N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
+ N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
names begin with _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx, separated by the first character of the
- I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
- within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
+ within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
word.
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]}
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]}
- L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
- the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
- When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
+ L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
+ the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
+ When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
each key expands to a separate word.
${#\b#_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. Substitutes the length in characters of the
- expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
- substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
- tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
- an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that
- number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi-
- mum index of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, so negative indices count back from the
- end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele-
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. Substitutes the length in characters of the
+ expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
+ substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
+ tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
+ an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that
+ number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi-
+ mum index of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, so negative indices count back from the
+ end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele-
ment.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the
expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of
- the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the expansion is the
- expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest matching pattern
- (the "#" case) or the longest matching pattern (the "##" case)
- deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation
- is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expan-
- sion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable
- subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is ap-
- plied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of
+ the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the expansion is the
+ expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest matching pattern
+ (the "#" case) or the longest matching pattern (the "##" case)
+ deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation
+ is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expan-
+ sion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable
+ subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is ap-
+ plied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is
the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg s\bsu\buf\bff\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the
expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion
- of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the ex-
- pansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
- matching pattern (the "%" case) or the longest matching pattern
- (the "%%" case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
- removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in
- turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
- an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal
- operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion
+ of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the ex-
+ pansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
+ matching pattern (the "%" case) or the longest matching pattern
+ (the "%%" case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
+ removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in
+ turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
+ an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal
+ operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and
the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/#\b#_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/%\b%_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to produce a pat-
- tern just as in pathname expansion and matched against the ex-
- panded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. The longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in the ex-
- panded value is replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg undergoes tilde
- expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expan-
+ tern just as in pathname expansion and matched against the ex-
+ panded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. The longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in the ex-
+ panded value is replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg undergoes tilde
+ expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expan-
sion, command and process substitution, and quote removal.
- In the first form above, only the first match is replaced. If
+ In the first form above, only the first match is replaced. If
there are two slashes separating _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn (the sec-
- ond form above), all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are replaced with
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is preceded by #\b# (the third form above), it
- must match at the beginning of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
- If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is preceded by %\b% (the fourth form above), it must
+ ond form above), all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are replaced with
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is preceded by #\b# (the third form above), it
+ must match at the beginning of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
+ If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is preceded by %\b% (the fourth form above), it must
match at the end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
- If the expansion of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are
+ If the expansion of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are
deleted and the /\b/ following _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn may be omitted.
- If the p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt,
- any unquoted instances of &\b& in _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg are replaced with the
+ If the p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt,
+ any unquoted instances of &\b& in _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg are replaced with the
matching portion of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn.
Quoting any part of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg inhibits replacement in the expansion
- of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored in
- shell variables. Backslash will escape &\b& in _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg; the back-
- slash is removed in order to permit a literal &\b& in the replace-
- ment string. Backslash can also be used to escape a backslash;
- \\b\\\b\ results in a literal backslash in the replacement. Users
- should take care if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is double-quoted to avoid unwanted
- interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since
- backslash has special meaning within double quotes. Pattern
- substitution performs the check for unquoted &\b& after expanding
+ of the quoted portion, including replacement strings stored in
+ shell variables. Backslash will escape &\b& in _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg; the back-
+ slash is removed in order to permit a literal &\b& in the replace-
+ ment string. Backslash can also be used to escape a backslash;
+ \\b\\\b\ results in a literal backslash in the replacement. Users
+ should take care if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is double-quoted to avoid unwanted
+ interactions between the backslash and double-quoting, since
+ backslash has special meaning within double quotes. Pattern
+ substitution performs the check for unquoted &\b& after expanding
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg; shell programmers should quote any occurrences of &\b& they
want to be taken literally in the replacement and ensure any in-
stances of &\b& they want to be replaced are unquoted.
- Like the pattern removal operators, double quotes surrounding
+ Like the pattern removal operators, double quotes surrounding
the replacement string quote the expanded characters, while dou-
- ble quotes enclosing the entire parameter substitution do not,
- since the expansion is performed in a context that doesn't take
+ ble quotes enclosing the entire parameter substitution do not,
+ since the expansion is performed in a context that doesn't take
any enclosing double quotes into account.
- If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is enabled, the match is per-
+ If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is enabled, the match is per-
formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.
If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution operation is applied to
- each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the re-
- sultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
- with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution operation is applied to each mem-
- ber of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the re-
+ sultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
+ with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution operation is applied to each mem-
+ ber of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
- C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
- betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
+ C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
+ betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in
- the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is tested against _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and,
- if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern
+ the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is tested against _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and,
+ if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern
should not attempt to match more than one character.
- The ^\b^ operator converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to
+ The ^\b^ operator converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to
uppercase; the ,\b, operator converts matching uppercase letters to
- lowercase. The ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched char-
- acter in the expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and
+ lowercase. The ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched char-
+ acter in the expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and
convert only the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omitted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every
+ _\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omitted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every
character.
- If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is ap-
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is ap-
plied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is
- the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable sub-
+ the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable sub-
scripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
- to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the
+ to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the
resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br@\b@_\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br}
P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsf\bfo\bor\brm\bma\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. The expansion is either a transforma-
- tion of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br or information about _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- itself, depending on the value of _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. Each _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br is a
+ tion of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br or information about _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ itself, depending on the value of _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. Each _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br is a
single letter:
- U\bU The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper-
+ U\bU The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ with lowercase alphabetic characters converted to upper-
case.
- u\bu The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ u\bu The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
with the first character converted to uppercase, if it is
alphabetic.
- L\bL The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower-
+ L\bL The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lower-
case.
- Q\bQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ Q\bQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
quoted in a format that can be reused as input.
- E\bE The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the
+ E\bE The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the
$\b$'\b'...'\b' quoting mechanism.
P\bP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding
the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as if it were a prompt string (see
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
- A\bA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment
- statement or d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be command that, if evaluated, will
+ A\bA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment
+ statement or d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be command that, if evaluated, will
recreate _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with its attributes and value.
- K\bK Produces a possibly-quoted version of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\b-
- _\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, except that it prints the values of indexed and
- associative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value
+ K\bK Produces a possibly-quoted version of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\b-
+ _\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, except that it prints the values of indexed and
+ associative arrays as a sequence of quoted key-value
pairs (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above). The keys and values are quoted
in a format that can be reused as input.
- a\ba The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep-
+ a\ba The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep-
resenting _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br's attributes.
- k\bk Like the K transformation, but expands the keys and val-
- ues of indexed and associative arrays to separate words
+ k\bk Like the K transformation, but expands the keys and val-
+ ues of indexed and associative arrays to separate words
after word splitting.
- If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the operation is applied to each posi-
- tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
- list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the operation is applied to each posi-
+ tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
*\b*, the operation is applied to each member of the array in turn,
and the expansion is the resultant list.
- The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and
+ The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and
pathname expansion as described below.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh performs the expansion by executing _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd in a subshell environ-
ment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of
the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are
- not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com-
- mand substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but
+ not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com-
+ mand substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but
faster $\b$(\b(<\b< _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b).
- With the old-style backquote form of substitution, backslash retains
- its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The first
- backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command substitu-
- tion. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
+ With the old-style backquote form of substitution, backslash retains
+ its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The first
+ backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command substitu-
+ tion. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
There is an alternate form of command substitution:
$\b${\b{_\bc _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd;\b;}\b}
- which executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd in the current execution environment and cap-
+ which executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd in the current execution environment and cap-
tures its output, again with trailing newlines removed.
The character _\bc following the open brace must be a space, tab, newline,
- or |\b|, and the close brace must be in a position where a reserved word
- may appear (i.e., preceded by a command terminator such as semicolon).
+ or |\b|, and the close brace must be in a position where a reserved word
+ may appear (i.e., preceded by a command terminator such as semicolon).
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the close brace to be joined to the remaining characters in
- the word without being followed by a shell metacharacter as a reserved
+ the word without being followed by a shell metacharacter as a reserved
word would usually require.
Any side effects of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd take effect immediately in the current exe-
- cution environment and persist in the current environment after the
+ cution environment and persist in the current environment after the
command completes (e.g., the e\bex\bxi\bit\bt builtin will exit the shell).
- This type of command substitution superficially resembles executing an
- unnamed shell function: local variables are created as when a shell
- function is executing, and the r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn builtin forces _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to com-
- plete; however, the rest of the execution environment, including the
+ This type of command substitution superficially resembles executing an
+ unnamed shell function: local variables are created as when a shell
+ function is executing, and the r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn builtin forces _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to com-
+ plete; however, the rest of the execution environment, including the
positional parameters, is shared with the caller.
- If the first character following the open brace is a |\b|, the construct
- expands to the value of the R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY shell variable after _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd exe-
- cutes, without removing any trailing newlines, and the standard output
- of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd remains the same as in the calling shell. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh creates R\bRE\bE-\b-
+ If the first character following the open brace is a |\b|, the construct
+ expands to the value of the R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY shell variable after _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd exe-
+ cutes, without removing any trailing newlines, and the standard output
+ of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd remains the same as in the calling shell. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh creates R\bRE\bE-\b-
P\bPL\bLY\bY as an initially-unset local variable when _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd executes, and re-
- stores R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY to the value it had before the command substitution after
+ stores R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY to the value it had before the command substitution after
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd completes, as with any local variable.
Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted
$\b$(\b((\b(_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn)\b))\b)
- The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn undergoes the same expansions as if it were within dou-
- ble quotes, but double quote characters in _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn are not treated
- specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression undergo para-
- meter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote removal.
- The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
+ The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn undergoes the same expansions as if it were within dou-
+ ble quotes, but double quote characters in _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn are not treated
+ specially and are removed. All tokens in the expression undergo para-
+ meter and variable expansion, command substitution, and quote removal.
+ The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
- The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
+ The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is invalid, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints a message
- to standard error indicating failure, does not perform the substitu-
+ to standard error indicating failure, does not perform the substitu-
tion, and does not execute the command associated with the expansion.
P\bPr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bs S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
- _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows a process's input or output to be referred
- to using a filename. It takes the form of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The
- process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as
+ _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows a process's input or output to be referred
+ to using a filename. It takes the form of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The
+ process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as
a filename. This filename is passed as an argument to the current com-
mand as the result of the expansion.
If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, writing to the file will provide input for
- _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, reading the file will obtain the
- output of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. No space may appear between the <\b< or >\b> and the left
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, reading the file will obtain the
+ output of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. No space may appear between the <\b< or >\b> and the left
parenthesis, otherwise the construct would be interpreted as a redirec-
tion.
- Process substitution is supported on systems that support named pipes
+ Process substitution is supported on systems that support named pipes
(_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd method of naming open files.
- When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
- parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+ When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
+ parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
expansion.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg
- The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
- tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
+ The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg.
- The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
- results of the other expansions into words using these characters as
+ The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
+ results of the other expansions into words using these characters as
field terminators.
If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, or its value is exactly <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the de-
- fault, then sequences of s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be, t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be at the beginning and
- end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any se-
- quence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the beginning or end delimits words.
+ fault, then sequences of s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be, t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be at the beginning and
+ end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any se-
+ quence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the beginning or end delimits words.
If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other than the default, then sequences of the white-
- space characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be, t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be present in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS
- (an I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace character) are ignored at the beginning and end of
- the word. Any character in I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace, along with
- any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence
+ space characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be, t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be present in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ (an I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace character) are ignored at the beginning and end of
+ the word. Any character in I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace, along with
+ any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence
of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
- If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word splitting occurs. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is un-
- set, word splitting behaves as if it contained the default value of
+ If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word splitting occurs. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is un-
+ set, word splitting behaves as if it contained the default value of
<\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>.
- Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained and passed to commands
+ Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained and passed to commands
as empty strings. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the
expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a parame-
ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument re-
sults and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. When
- a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is
- non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word "-d''" be-
+ a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is
+ non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word "-d''" be-
comes "-d" after word splitting and null argument removal.
Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed.
P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
- each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
+ After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
+ each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
appears, and is not quoted, then the word is regarded as a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and
replaced with a sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below) subject to the value of the G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBS\bSO\bOR\bRT\bT shell vari-
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below) subject to the value of the G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBS\bSO\bOR\bRT\bT shell vari-
able.
- If no matching filenames are found, and the shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
- not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is
- set, and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- shell option is set, and no matches are found, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints an error
- message and does not execute the command. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of
+ If no matching filenames are found, and the shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
+ not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is
+ set, and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
+ shell option is set, and no matches are found, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints an error
+ message and does not execute the command. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of
alphabetic characters.
When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character "." at the
- start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched ex-
- plicitly, unless the shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. In order to match
- the filenames "." and "..", the pattern must begin with "." (for exam-
- ple, ".?"), even if d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. If the g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs shell option
- is enabled, the filenames "." and ".." never match, even if the pattern
- begins with a ".". When not matching pathnames, the "." character is
- not treated specially.
-
- When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be matched
+ start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched ex-
+ plicitly, unless the shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. In order to match
+ the filenames _\b. and _\b._\b., the pattern must begin with "." (for example,
+ ".?"), even if d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. If the g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs shell option is en-
+ abled, the filenames _\b. and _\b._\b. never match, even if the pattern begins
+ with a ".". When not matching pathnames, the "." character is not
+ treated specially.
+
+ When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be matched
explicitly by a slash in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it
- can be matched by a special pattern character as described below under
+ can be matched by a special pattern character as described below under
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg.
- See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a
- description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs, f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and
+ See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a
+ description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs, f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell options.
- The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
- names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
- name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
- from the list of matches. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, the match-
- ing against the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is performed without regard to
- case. The filenames "." and ".." are always ignored when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is
- set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null value has
- the effect of enabling the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option, so all other filenames
- beginning with a "." will match. To get the old behavior of ignoring
- filenames beginning with a ".", make ".*" one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bO-\b-
+ The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
+ names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
+ name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
+ from the list of matches. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, the match-
+ ing against the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is performed without regard to
+ case. The filenames _\b. and _\b._\b. are always ignored when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set
+ and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null value has the
+ effect of enabling the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option, so all other filenames be-
+ ginning with a "." will match. To get the old behavior of ignoring
+ filenames beginning with a ".", make ".*" one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bO-\b-
B\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is disabled when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is unset. The
G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE pattern matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell op-
tion.
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
- characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
- occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
- escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
+ characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
+ occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
+ escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally.
The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
- *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a
- pathname expansion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a
- single pattern will match all files and zero or more di-
- rectories and subdirectories. If followed by a /\b/, two
- adjacent *\b*s will match only directories and subdirecto-
+ *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a
+ pathname expansion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a
+ single pattern will match all files and zero or more di-
+ rectories and subdirectories. If followed by a /\b/, two
+ adjacent *\b*s will match only directories and subdirecto-
ries.
?\b? Matches any single character.
- [\b[...]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of
- characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\b-
- _\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any character that falls between those two charac-
+ [\b[...]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of
+ characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\b-
+ _\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any character that falls between those two charac-
ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating se-
- quence and character set, matches. If the first charac-
+ quence and character set, matches. If the first charac-
ter following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^ then any character not
- within the range matches. A -\b- may be matched by includ-
- ing it as the first or last character in the set. A ]\b]
- may be matched by including it as the first character in
+ within the range matches. A -\b- may be matched by includ-
+ ing it as the first or last character in the set. A ]\b]
+ may be matched by including it as the first character in
the set.
The sorting order of characters in range expressions, and
- the characters included in the range, are determined by
- the current locale and the values of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE or
- L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variables, if set. To obtain the tradi-
- tional interpretation of range expressions, where [\b[a\ba-\b-d\bd]\b]
- is equivalent to [\b[a\bab\bbc\bcd\bd]\b], set the value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE
- or L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variables to C\bC, or enable the g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bi-\b-
+ the characters included in the range, are determined by
+ the current locale and the values of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE or
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variables, if set. To obtain the tradi-
+ tional interpretation of range expressions, where [\b[a\ba-\b-d\bd]\b]
+ is equivalent to [\b[a\bab\bbc\bcd\bd]\b], set the value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE
+ or L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variables to C\bC, or enable the g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bi-\b-
i\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs shell option.
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using
the syntax [\b[:\b:_\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs:\b:]\b], where _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs is one of the following
classes defined in the POSIX standard:
- a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt
+ a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt
p\bpu\bun\bnc\bct\bt s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be u\bup\bpp\bpe\ber\br w\bwo\bor\brd\bd x\bxd\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt
A character class matches any character belonging to that
and the character _.
Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified us-
- ing the syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with
- the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo-
+ ing the syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with
+ the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo-
cale) as the character _\bc.
Within [\b[ and ]\b], the syntax [\b[.\b._\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.\b.]\b] matches the collat-
ing symbol _\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.
- If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, the
- shell recognizes several extended pattern matching operators. In the
+ If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, the
+ shell recognizes several extended pattern matching operators. In the
following description, a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a list of one or more patterns
- separated by a |\b|. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more
+ separated by a |\b|. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more
of the following sub-patterns:
?\b?(\b(_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b)
Matches anything except one of the given patterns.
The e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option changes the behavior of the parser, since the paren-
- theses are normally treated as operators with syntactic meaning. To
- ensure that extended matching patterns are parsed correctly, make sure
- that e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled before parsing constructs containing the pat-
+ theses are normally treated as operators with syntactic meaning. To
+ ensure that extended matching patterns are parsed correctly, make sure
+ that e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled before parsing constructs containing the pat-
terns, including shell functions and command substitutions.
When matching filenames, the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option determines the set of
- filenames that are tested: when d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the set of file-
- names includes all files beginning with ".", but "." and ".." must be
- matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot; when it is
+ filenames that are tested: when d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the set of file-
+ names includes all files beginning with ".", but _\b. and _\b._\b. must be
+ matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot; when it is
disabled, the set does not include any filenames beginning with "." un-
less the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ".". If the g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs
- shell option is enabled, the filenames "." and ".." never appear in the
+ shell option is enabled, the filenames _\b. and _\b._\b. never appear in the
set. As above, "." only has a special meaning when matching filenames.
Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, es-
sions. If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running provides these
special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in-
ternally with this behavior: If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
- maries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then file descriptor _\bn is checked. If
- the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
- _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
- is checked.
+ maries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks file descriptor _\bn.
+ If the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
+ _\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, re-
+ spectively.
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym-
bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link
itself.
- When used with [\b[[\b[, or when the shell is in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the <\b< and >\b> op-
- erators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the
- shell is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the t\bte\bes\bst\bt command sorts using ASCII order-
+ When used with [\b[[\b[, or when the shell is in posix mode, the <\b< and >\b> op-
+ erators sort lexicographically using the current locale. When the
+ shell is not in posix mode, the t\bte\bes\bst\bt command sorts using ASCII order-
ing.
-\b-a\ba _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
-\b-L\bL _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a symbolic link.
-\b-N\bN _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last ac-
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last ac-
cessed.
-\b-O\bO _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is owned by the effective user id.
-\b-S\bS _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a socket.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
- options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
+ options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin below.
-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
- value). If _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable name sub-
- scripted by _\b@ or _\b*, this returns true if the array has any set
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
+ value). If _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable name sub-
+ scripted by _\b@ or _\b*, this returns true if the array has any set
elements. If _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable name sub-
- scripted by _\b@ or _\b*, this returns true if an element with that
+ scripted by _\b@ or _\b*, this returns true if an element with that
key is set.
-\b-R\bR _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and is a name refer-
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and is a name refer-
ence.
-\b-z\bz _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is zero.
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b==\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
- True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
- command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command,
+ True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
+ command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command,
this performs pattern matching as described above (C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bm-\b-
m\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs).
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 !\b!=\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
True if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 sorts after _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2 lexicographically.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -\b-e\bef\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
bers.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -n\bnt\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 does not.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -o\bot\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
does not.
_\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 O\bOP\bP _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2
- O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
- binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
- less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
- or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
- or negative integers. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command, _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 and
- _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC
+ O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
+ binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
+ less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
+ or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
+ or negative integers. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command, _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 and
+ _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC
E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above).
S\bSI\bIM\bMP\bPL\bLE\bE C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
When the shell executes a simple command, it performs the following ex-
- pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the
+ pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the
following order.
- 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
- (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
+ 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
+ (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
for later processing.
- 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
- expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
- is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
+ 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+ expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+ is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
are the arguments.
3. Redirections are performed as described above under R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN.
4. The text after the =\b= in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
- expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
+ expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
able.
If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
- shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists
- only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements
- are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added
- to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur-
+ shell environment. In the case of such a command (one that consists
+ only of assignment statements and redirections), assignment statements
+ are performed before redirections. Otherwise, the variables are added
+ to the environment of the executed command and do not affect the cur-
rent shell environment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a
- value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits
+ value to a readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits
with a non-zero status.
- If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af-
- fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+ If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af-
+ fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
command to exit with a non-zero status.
- If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
- described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
- sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
- is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
+ If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+ described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
+ sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
+ is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a zero sta-
tus.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
- command and an optional list of arguments, the shell performs the fol-
+ After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
+ command and an optional list of arguments, the shell performs the fol-
lowing actions.
- If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
- it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
- invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
- function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
+ If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
+ it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
+ invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
+ function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
a match is found, that builtin is invoked.
- If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
- slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
+ If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
+ slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
taining an executable file by that name. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses a hash table to re-
- member the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). Bash performs a full search of the directo-
- ries in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH only if the command is not found in the hash table. If
- the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell
- function named c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd_\b_n\bno\bot\bt_\b_f\bfo\bou\bun\bnd\bd_\b_h\bha\ban\bnd\bdl\ble\be. If that function exists, it
- is invoked in a separate execution environment with the original com-
- mand and the original command's arguments as its arguments, and the
- function's exit status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If
+ member the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). Bash performs a full search of the directo-
+ ries in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH only if the command is not found in the hash table. If
+ the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell
+ function named c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd_\b_n\bno\bot\bt_\b_f\bfo\bou\bun\bnd\bd_\b_h\bha\ban\bnd\bdl\ble\be. If that function exists, it
+ is invoked in a separate execution environment with the original com-
+ mand and the original command's arguments as its arguments, and the
+ function's exit status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If
that function is not defined, the shell prints an error message and re-
turns an exit status of 127.
- If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
+ If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu-
tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain-
ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any.
- If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
- and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
+ If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
+ and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
file containing shell commands, and the shell creates a new instance of
- itself to execute it. Bash tries to determine whether the file is a
- text file or a binary, and will not execute files it determines to be
+ itself to execute it. Bash tries to determine whether the file is a
+ text file or a binary, and will not execute files it determines to be
binaries. This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as
- if a new shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the excep-
- tion that the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh
+ if a new shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the excep-
+ tion that the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh
below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS are retained by the child.
- If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
- line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
+ If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
+ line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe-
cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of
- a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
- line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
+ a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
+ line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
the command arguments, if any.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
+ The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
ing:
- +\bo Open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+ +\bo Open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
redirections supplied to the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin.
- +\bo The current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
+ +\bo The current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
inherited by the shell at invocation.
- +\bo The file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
+ +\bo The file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
the shell's parent.
+\bo Current traps set by t\btr\bra\bap\bp.
+\bo Shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with s\bse\bet\bt
or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment.
- +\bo Shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
+ +\bo Shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
shell's parent in the environment.
- +\bo Options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
+ +\bo Options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
mand-line arguments) or by s\bse\bet\bt.
+\bo Options enabled by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt.
+\bo Shell aliases defined with a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs.
- +\bo Various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
+ +\bo Various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
value of $\b$$\b$, and the value of P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD.
- When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
- executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
- sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
+ When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
+ executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
+ sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
ited from the shell.
- +\bo The shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
+ +\bo The shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
specified by redirections to the command.
+\bo The current working directory.
+\bo The file creation mode mask.
- +\bo Shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
+ +\bo Shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
variables exported for the command, passed in the environment.
+\bo Traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from
the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored.
- A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+ A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
shell's execution environment.
A _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl is a copy of the shell process.
- Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
+ Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate
of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are re-
- set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca-
- tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline, except
- possibly in the last element depending on the value of the l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- shell option, are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes
- made to the subshell environment cannot affect the shell's execution
+ set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca-
+ tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline, except
+ possibly in the last element depending on the value of the l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
+ shell option, are also executed in a subshell environment. Changes
+ made to the subshell environment cannot affect the shell's execution
environment.
- When the shell is in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, subshells spawned to execute command
- substitutions inherit the value of the -\b-e\be option from their parent
- shell. When not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh clears the -\b-e\be option in such sub-
- shells. See the description of the i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option below
+ When the shell is in posix mode, subshells spawned to execute command
+ substitutions inherit the value of the -\b-e\be option from their parent
+ shell. When not in posix mode, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh clears the -\b-e\be option in such sub-
+ shells. See the description of the i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option below
for how to control this behavior when not in posix mode.
- If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the de-
+ If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the de-
fault standard input for the command is the empty file _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bn_\bu_\bl_\bl. Oth-
- erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call-
+ erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call-
ing shell as modified by redirections.
E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
+ When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
_\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. This is a list of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be-_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be pairs, of the form
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be.
- The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in-
- vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter
- for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child
+ The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in-
+ vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter
+ for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child
processes. Executed commands inherit the environment. The e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt, d\bde\be-\b-
- c\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx, and u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt commands modify the environment by adding and
- deleting parameters and functions. If the value of a parameter in the
- environment is modified, the new value automatically becomes part of
- the environment, replacing the old. The environment inherited by any
- executed command consists of the shell's initial environment, whose
- values may be modified in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bn-\b-
- s\bse\bet\bt or e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-n\bn commands, plus any additions via the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and d\bde\be-\b-
+ c\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx, and u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt commands modify the environment by adding and
+ deleting parameters and functions. If the value of a parameter in the
+ environment is modified, the new value automatically becomes part of
+ the environment, replacing the old. The environment inherited by any
+ executed command consists of the shell's initial environment, whose
+ values may be modified in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bn-\b-
+ s\bse\bet\bt or e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-n\bn commands, plus any additions via the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and d\bde\be-\b-
c\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands.
- If any parameter assignments, as described above in P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS, appear
+ If any parameter assignments, as described above in P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS, appear
before a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, the variable assignments are part of that com-
mand's environment for as long as it executes. These assignment state-
- ments affect only the environment seen by that command. If these as-
- signments precede a call to a shell function, the variables are local
+ ments affect only the environment seen by that command. If these as-
+ signments precede a call to a shell function, the variables are local
to the function and exported to that function's children.
- If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
- parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
+ If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
+ parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
just those that precede the command name.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
full pathname of the command and passed to that command in its environ-
ment.
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT S\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
- The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
+ The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
_\bw_\ba_\bi_\bt_\bp_\bi_\bd system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between
- 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
+ 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands
are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell
will use special values to indicate specific failure modes.
For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status
- has succeeded. So while an exit status of zero indicates success, a
+ has succeeded. So while an exit status of zero indicates success, a
non-zero exit status indicates failure.
- When a command terminates on a fatal signal _\bN, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of
+ When a command terminates on a fatal signal _\bN, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of
128+_\bN as the exit status.
- If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re-
- turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
+ If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re-
+ turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
the return status is 126.
If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
the exit status is greater than zero.
- Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
- non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
- return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in-
+ Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
+ non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
+ return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in-
valid options or missing arguments.
The exit status of the last command is available in the special parame-
ter $?.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un-
- less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un-
+ less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
value. See also the e\bex\bxi\bit\bt builtin command below.
S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
- S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM (so that k\bki\bil\bll\bl 0\b0 does not kill an interactive shell), and
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM (so that k\bki\bil\bll\bl 0\b0 does not kill an interactive shell), and
catches and handles S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible).
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh receives S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, it breaks out of any executing loops. In
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh receives S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, it breaks out of any executing loops. In
all cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT. If job control is in effect, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ig-
nores S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
Non-builtin commands b\bba\bas\bsh\bh executes have signal handlers set to the val-
ues inherited by the shell from its parent, unless t\btr\bra\bap\bp sets them to be
- ignored, in which case the child process will ignore them as well.
- When job control is not in effect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
+ ignored, in which case the child process will ignore them as well.
+ When job control is not in effect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to these inherited handlers. Commands run as a
- result of command substitution ignore the keyboard-generated job con-
+ result of command substitution ignore the keyboard-generated job con-
trol signals S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
- The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
- an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
- stopped. The shell sends S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT to stopped jobs to ensure that they
- receive the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below for more information about
- running and stopped jobs). To prevent the shell from sending the sig-
- nal to a particular job, remove it from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn
- builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or mark it not to receive
+ The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
+ an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
+ stopped. The shell sends S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT to stopped jobs to ensure that they
+ receive the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below for more information about
+ running and stopped jobs). To prevent the shell from sending the sig-
+ nal to a particular job, remove it from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn
+ builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or mark it not to receive
S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP using d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn -\b-h\bh.
- If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
+ If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
- If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
+ If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com-
mand completes. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via the
- w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, and it receives a signal for which a trap has been set,
- the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin will return immediately with an exit status greater
+ w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, and it receives a signal for which a trap has been set,
+ the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin will return immediately with an exit status greater
than 128, immediately after which the shell executes the trap.
- When job control is not enabled, and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a foreground
+ When job control is not enabled, and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a foreground
command to complete, the shell receives keyboard-generated signals such
- as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT (usually generated by ^\b^C\bC) that users commonly intend to send
+ as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT (usually generated by ^\b^C\bC) that users commonly intend to send
to that command. This happens because the shell and the command are in
- the same process group as the terminal, and ^\b^C\bC sends S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT to all
+ the same process group as the terminal, and ^\b^C\bC sends S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT to all
processes in that process group. See J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below for more infor-
mation about process groups.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running without job control enabled and receives S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
- while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running without job control enabled and receives S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
+ while waiting for a foreground command, it waits until that foreground
command terminates and then decides what to do about the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT:
1. If the command terminates due to the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh concludes that
- the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
+ the user meant to end the entire script, and acts on the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
(e.g., by running a S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT trap or exiting itself);
- 2. If the command does not terminate due to S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, the program
- handled the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig-
- nal. In that case, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not treat S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT as a fatal sig-
- nal, either, instead assuming that the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT was used as part
- of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort
+ 2. If the command does not terminate due to S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, the program
+ handled the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT itself and did not treat it as a fatal sig-
+ nal. In that case, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not treat S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT as a fatal sig-
+ nal, either, instead assuming that the S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT was used as part
+ of the program's normal operation (e.g., emacs uses it to abort
editing commands) or deliberately discarded. However, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will
- run any trap set on S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, as it does with any other trapped
- signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com-
+ run any trap set on S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT, as it does with any other trapped
+ signal it receives while it is waiting for the foreground com-
mand to complete, for compatibility.
J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
_\bJ_\bo_\bb _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl refers to the ability to selectively stop (_\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd) the ex-
- ecution of processes and continue (_\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be) their execution at a later
- point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in-
+ ecution of processes and continue (_\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be) their execution at a later
+ point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in-
terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal dri-
ver and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
- The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
- currently executing jobs, which the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command will display. Each
- job has a _\bj_\bo_\bb _\bn_\bu_\bm_\bb_\be_\br, which j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs displays between brackets. Job num-
- bers start at 1. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\b-
+ The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
+ currently executing jobs, which the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command will display. Each
+ job has a _\bj_\bo_\bb _\bn_\bu_\bm_\bb_\be_\br, which j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs displays between brackets. Job num-
+ bers start at 1. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\b-
_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a line that looks like:
[1] 25647
indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the
last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of
- the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
uses the _\bj_\bo_\bb abstraction as the basis for job control.
- To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
+ To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
each process has a _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bI_\bD, and the operating system maintains
the notion of a _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\bi_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bI_\bD. Processes that have
- the same process group ID are said to be part of the same _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs
- _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp. Members of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd process group (processes whose
+ the same process group ID are said to be part of the same _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs
+ _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp. Members of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd process group (processes whose
process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) re-
- ceive keyboard-generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. Processes in the
- foreground process group are said to be _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\b-
+ ceive keyboard-generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. Processes in the
+ foreground process group are said to be _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\b-
_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID differs from the ter-
minal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals. Only
foreground processes are allowed to read from or, if the user so speci-
- fies with "stty tostop", write to the terminal. Background processes
- which attempt to read from (write to when "tostop" is in effect) the
- terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal by the kernel's terminal
+ fies with "stty tostop", write to the terminal. Background processes
+ which attempt to read from (write to when "tostop" is in effect) the
+ terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal by the kernel's terminal
driver, which, unless caught, suspends the process.
- If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
+ If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd character (typ-
ically ^\b^Z\bZ, Control-Z) while a process is running stops that process and
- returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd character (typi-
- cally ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process stop when it attempts to read
- input from the terminal, and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user then
- manipulates the state of this job, using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it
- in the background, the f\bfg\bg command to continue it in the foreground, or
- the k\bki\bil\bll\bl command to kill it. The suspend character takes effect imme-
- diately, and has the additional side effect of discarding any pending
+ returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd character (typi-
+ cally ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process stop when it attempts to read
+ input from the terminal, and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user then
+ manipulates the state of this job, using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it
+ in the background, the f\bfg\bg command to continue it in the foreground, or
+ the k\bki\bil\bll\bl command to kill it. The suspend character takes effect imme-
+ diately, and has the additional side effect of discarding any pending
output and typeahead. To force a background process to stop, or stop a
- process that's not associated with the current terminal session, send
+ process that's not associated with the current terminal session, send
it the S\bSI\bIG\bGS\bST\bTO\bOP\bP signal using k\bki\bil\bll\bl.
There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The %\b% char-
acter introduces a job specification (jobspec).
- Job number _\bn may be referred to as %\b%n\bn. A job may also be referred to
- using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that
- appears in its command line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a job whose
- command name begins with c\bce\be. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the other hand, refers to
+ Job number _\bn may be referred to as %\b%n\bn. A job may also be referred to
+ using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring that
+ appears in its command line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a job whose
+ command name begins with c\bce\be. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the other hand, refers to
any job containing the string c\bce\be in its command line. If the prefix or
substring matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
- The symbols %\b%%\b% and %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb.
- A single % (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the
- current job. %\b%-\b- refers to the _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb. When a job starts in the
+ The symbols %\b%%\b% and %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb.
+ A single % (with no accompanying job specification) also refers to the
+ current job. %\b%-\b- refers to the _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb. When a job starts in the
background, a job stops while in the foreground, or a job is resumed in
- the background, it becomes the current job. The job that was the cur-
- rent job becomes the previous job. When the current job terminates,
- the previous job becomes the current job. If there is only a single
- job, %\b%+\b+ and %\b%-\b- can both be used to refer to that job. In output per-
+ the background, it becomes the current job. The job that was the cur-
+ rent job becomes the previous job. When the current job terminates,
+ the previous job becomes the current job. If there is only a single
+ job, %\b%+\b+ and %\b%-\b- can both be used to refer to that job. In output per-
taining to jobs (e.g., the output of the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command), the current job
is always marked with a +\b+, and the previous job with a -\b-.
- Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
- a synonym for "fg %1", bringing job 1 from the background into the
+ Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
+ a synonym for "fg %1", bringing job 1 from the background into the
foreground. Similarly, "%1 &" resumes job 1 in the background, equiva-
lent to "bg %1".
- The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh waits until it is about to print a prompt before notifying the
- user about changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other
- output, though it will notify of changes in a job's status after a
- foreground command in a list completes, before executing the next com-
- mand in the list. If the -\b-b\bb option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is en-
- abled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports such changes immediately. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh executes any trap
+ The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh waits until it is about to print a prompt before notifying the
+ user about changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other
+ output, though it will notify of changes in a job's status after a
+ foreground command in a list completes, before executing the next com-
+ mand in the list. If the -\b-b\bb option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is en-
+ abled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports status changes immediately. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh executes any trap
on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD for each child that terminates.
When a job terminates and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh notifies the user about it, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes
to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be N\bNo\bot\bta\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- This section uses an emacs-style notation to denote keystrokes. Con-
- trol keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Similarly,
- _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X.
-
- On keyboards without a _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Es-
- cape key then the _\bx key. This makes ESC the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. The combina-
- tion M-C-_\bx means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the
- Control key while pressing the _\bx key.
-
- On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces meta characters with
- the eighth bit (0200) set (you can use the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by variable to
- control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it). On
- many others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the metafied
- key to a key sequence beginning with ESC as described in the preceding
+ This section uses Emacs-style editing concepts and uses its notation
+ for keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means
+ Control-N. Similarly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means
+ Meta-X. The Meta key is often labeled "Alt" or "Option".
+
+ On keyboards without a _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press and re-
+ lease the Escape key, then press and release the _\bx key, in sequence.
+ This makes ESC the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. The combination M-C-_\bx means ESC-Con-
+ trol-_\bx: press and release the Escape key, then press and hold the Con-
+ trol key while pressing the _\bx key, then release both.
+
+ On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with the
+ eighth bit (0200) set. You can use the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by variable to
+ control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it. On
+ many others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the metafied
+ key to a key sequence beginning with ESC as described in the preceding
paragraph.
- If your _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba key produces a key sequence with the ESC meta prefix, you
- can make M-_\bk_\be_\by key bindings you specify (see R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs be-
+ If your _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba key produces a key sequence with the ESC meta prefix, you
+ can make M-_\bk_\be_\by key bindings you specify (see R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs be-
low) do the same thing by setting the f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx variable.
- Readline commands may be given numeric _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, which normally act as
- a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
- that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
- acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) makes that command act
- in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments devi-
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be commands may be given numeric _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, which normally act as
+ a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
+ that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
+ acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) makes that command act
+ in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments devi-
ates from this are noted below.
+ The _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt is the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to a saved
+ cursor position. The text between the point and mark is referred to as
+ the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn. R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be has the concept of an _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn: when the re-
+ gion is active, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be redisplay highlights the region using the
+ value of the a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br variable. The e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\be-\b-
+ g\bgi\bio\bon\bn variable turns this on and off. Several commands set the region
+ to active; those are noted below.
+
When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
for possible future retrieval (_\by_\ba_\bn_\bk_\bi_\bn_\bg). The killed text is saved in a
_\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl _\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Consecutive kills accumulate the deleted text into one
separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be I\bIn\bni\bit\bti\bia\bal\bli\biz\bza\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
(the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC shell variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
- _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, readline
- looks for _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline library
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ looks for _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library
starts up, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be reads the initialization file and sets the key
bindings and variables found there, before reading any user input.
key bindings and variable settings.
The default key-bindings in this section may be changed using key bind-
- ing commands in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Programs that use the readline li-
+ ing commands in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Programs that use the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be li-
brary, including b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, may add their own commands and bindings.
For example, placing
or
C-Meta-u: universal-argument
- into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
+ into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
_\bs_\ba_\bl_\b-_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt.
Key bindings may contain the following symbolic character names: _\bD_\bE_\bL,
_\bE_\bS_\bC, _\bE_\bS_\bC_\bA_\bP_\bE, _\bL_\bF_\bD, _\bN_\bE_\bW_\bL_\bI_\bN_\bE, _\bR_\bE_\bT, _\bR_\bE_\bT_\bU_\bR_\bN, _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT(a_\bd_\be_\bs_\bt_\br_\bu_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\bebackspace),
_\bS_\bP_\bA_\bC_\bE, _\bS_\bP_\bC, and _\bT_\bA_\bB.
- In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
+ In addition to command names, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be allows keys to be bound to a
string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo). The differ-
ence between a macro and a command is that a macro is enclosed in sin-
gle or double quotes.
macro body. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
text, including " and '.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh will display or modify the current readline key bindings with the
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh will display or modify the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key bindings with the
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) will change the editing mode during
interactive use.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
- Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its behav-
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be has variables that can be used to further customize its behav-
ior. A variable may be set in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file with a statement of the
form
s\bse\bet\bt _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
or using the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
+ Except where noted, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
(without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
- When readline reads a variable value, empty or null values, "on" (case-
+ When r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be reads a variable value, empty or null values, "on" (case-
insensitive), and "1" are equivalent to O\bOn\bn. All other values are
equivalent to O\bOf\bff\bf.
- The b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd -\b-V\bV command lists the current readline variable names and val-
+ The b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd -\b-V\bV command lists the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and val-
ues (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
The variables and their default values are:
tained from the terminal's terminfo description. A sample value
might be "\e[0m".
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be (\b(a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be)\b)
- Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
- bell. If set to n\bno\bon\bne\be, readline never rings the bell. If set to
- v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
- set to a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
+ Controls what happens when r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be wants to ring the terminal
+ bell. If set to n\bno\bon\bne\be, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be never rings the bell. If set to
+ v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses a visible bell if one is available. If
+ set to a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd-\b-t\btt\bty\by-\b-s\bsp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be attempts to bind the control characters
that are treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to
- their readline equivalents. These override the default readline
+ their r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be equivalents. These override the default r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
bindings described here. Type "stty -a" at a b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prompt to see
your current terminal settings, including the special control
characters (usually c\bcc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs).
b\bbl\bli\bin\bnk\bk-\b-m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg-\b-p\bpa\bar\bre\ben\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, readline displays the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be displays the
common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ-
ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment variable. If there is a color defini-
- tion in $\b$L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS for the custom suffix "readline-colored-com-
- pletion-prefix", readline uses this color for the common prefix
+ tion in $\b$L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS for the custom suffix ".readline-colored-com-
+ pletion-prefix", r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses this color for the common prefix
instead of its default.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline displays possible completions using dif-
- ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
- tions are taken from the value of the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be displays possible completions using dif-
+ ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
+ tions are taken from the value of the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment
variable.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn (\b("#\b#")\b)
- The string that the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt command inserts.
- This command is bound to M\bM-\b-#\b# in emacs mode and to #\b# in vi com-
+ The string that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt command inserts.
+ This command is bound to M\bM-\b-#\b# in emacs mode and to #\b# in vi com-
mand mode.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-w\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh (\b(-\b-1\b1)\b)
- The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
- when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
- than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
- will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default
+ The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
+ when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
+ than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
+ will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default
value is -1.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline performs filename matching and completion
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-m\bma\bap\bp-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, readline
- treats hyphens (_\b-) and underscores (_\b_) as equivalent when per-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ treats hyphens (_\b-) and underscores (_\b_) as equivalent when per-
forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh (\b(0\b0)\b)
- The maximum length in characters of the common prefix of a list
- of possible completions that is displayed without modification.
- When set to a value greater than zero, readline replaces common
+ The maximum length in characters of the common prefix of a list
+ of possible completions that is displayed without modification.
+ When set to a value greater than zero, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be replaces common
prefixes longer than this value with an ellipsis when displaying
possible completions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-q\bqu\bue\ber\bry\by-\b-i\bit\bte\bem\bms\bs (\b(1\b10\b00\b0)\b)
- This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
- ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
- t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
- or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
- greater than or equal to the value of this variable, readline
- will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise
- readline simply lists them on the terminal. A zero value means
- readline should never ask; negative values are treated as zero.
+ This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
+ ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
+ t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
+ or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
+ greater than or equal to the value of this variable, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be simply lists them on the terminal. A zero value means
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be should never ask; negative values are treated as zero.
c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters it reads that
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will convert characters it reads that
have the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by clearing the
eighth bit and prefixing it with an escape character (converting
- the character to have the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx). The default is _\bO_\bn, but
- readline will set it to _\bO_\bf_\bf if the locale contains characters
+ the character to have the meta prefix). The default is _\bO_\bn, but
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will set it to _\bO_\bf_\bf if the locale contains characters
whose encodings may include bytes with the eighth bit set. This
- variable is dependent on the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE locale category, and may
- change if the locale changes. This variable also affects key
+ variable is dependent on the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE locale category, and may
+ change if the locale changes. This variable also affects key
bindings; see the description of f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx below.
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
- characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will inhibit word completion. Completion
+ characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
mapped to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo-\b-c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
- it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener-
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
+ it, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener-
ated from the keyboard.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
- Controls whether readline uses a set of key bindings similar to
+ Controls whether r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses a set of key bindings similar to
_\bE_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs or _\bv_\bi. e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be can be set to either e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or v\bvi\bi.
e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b(@\b@)\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
when emacs editing mode is active. The value is expanded like a
- key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control- prefixes
- and backslash escape sequences is available. The \1 and \2 es-
- capes begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which
- can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode
+ key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control- prefixes
+ and backslash escape sequences is available. The \1 and \2 es-
+ capes begin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which
+ can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode
string.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- The _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt is the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to a
- saved cursor position. The text between the point and mark is
- referred to as the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn. When this variable is set to _\bO_\bn,
- readline allows certain commands to designate the region as _\ba_\bc_\b-
- _\bt_\bi_\bv_\be. When the region is active, readline highlights the text
- in the region using the value of the a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br,
- which defaults to the string that enables the terminal's stand-
- out mode. The active region shows the text inserted by brack-
- eted-paste and any matching text found by incremental and non-
- incremental history searches.
+ When this variable is set to _\bO_\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be allows certain com-
+ mands to designate the region as _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be. When the region is ac-
+ tive, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be highlights the text in the region using the value
+ of the a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br, which defaults to the string
+ that enables the terminal's standout mode. The active region
+ shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any matching text
+ found by incremental and non-incremental history searches.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bck\bke\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-p\bpa\bas\bst\bte\be (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline configures the terminal to insert each
- paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters,
- instead of treating each character as if it had been read from
- the keyboard. This is called _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\bk_\be_\bt_\be_\bd_\b-_\bp_\ba_\bs_\bt_\be _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be; it prevents
- readline from executing any editing commands bound to key se-
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be configures the terminal to insert each
+ paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters,
+ instead of treating each character as if it had been read from
+ the keyboard. This is called _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\bk_\be_\bt_\be_\bd_\b-_\bp_\ba_\bs_\bt_\be _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be; it prevents
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be from executing any editing commands bound to key se-
quences appearing in the pasted text.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-k\bke\bey\byp\bpa\bad\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable the application key-
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will try to enable the application key-
pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the ar-
row keys.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will try to enable any meta modifier
key the terminal claims to support. On many terminals, the Meta
- key is used to send eight-bit characters; this variable checks
- for the terminal capability that indicates the terminal can en-
- able and disable a mode that sets the eighth bit of a character
- (0200) if the Meta key is held down when the character is typed
+ key is used to send eight-bit characters; this variable checks
+ for the terminal capability that indicates the terminal can en-
+ able and disable a mode that sets the eighth bit of a character
+ (0200) if the Meta key is held down when the character is typed
(a meta character).
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline performs tilde expansion when it attempts
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be performs tilde expansion when it attempts
word completion.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline modifies its behavior when binding key
- sequences containing \M- or Meta- (see K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs above) by
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be modifies its behavior when binding key
+ sequences containing \M- or Meta- (see K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs above) by
converting a key sequence of the form \M-_\bC or Meta-_\bC to the two-
- character sequence E\bES\bSC\bC_\bC (adding the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx). If
- f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx is set to O\bOf\bff\bf (the default), readline uses the
- value of the c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba variable to determine whether to per-
- form this conversion: if c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba is O\bOn\bn, readline performs
- the conversion described above; if it is O\bOf\bff\bf, readline converts
+ character sequence E\bES\bSC\bC _\bC (adding the meta prefix). If
+ f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx is set to O\bOf\bff\bf (the default), r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the
+ value of the c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba variable to determine whether to per-
+ form this conversion: if c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba is O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be performs
+ the conversion described above; if it is O\bOf\bff\bf, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be converts
_\bC to a meta character by setting the eighth bit (0200).
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bes\bse\ber\brv\bve\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
- same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
+ same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
t\bto\bor\bry\by or n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsi\biz\bze\be (\b(u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt)\b)
- Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
- list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
+ Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
+ list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero,
- the number of history entries is not limited. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- sets the the maximum number of history entries to the value of
- the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE shell variable. Setting _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by_\b-_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be to a non-nu-
- meric value will set the maximum number of history entries to
+ the number of history entries is not limited. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ sets the the maximum number of history entries to the value of
+ the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE shell variable. Setting _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by_\b-_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be to a non-nu-
+ meric value will set the maximum number of history entries to
500.
h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- Setting this variable to O\bOn\bn makes readline use a single line for
- display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen
- line when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than
- wrapping to a new line. This setting is automatically enabled
+ Setting this variable to O\bOn\bn makes r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be use a single line for
+ display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen
+ line when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than
+ wrapping to a new line. This setting is automatically enabled
for terminals of height 1.
i\bin\bnp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
- will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads), re-
- gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The de-
- fault is _\bO_\bf_\bf, but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale con-
- tains characters whose encodings may include bytes with the
- eighth bit set. This variable is dependent on the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE lo-
- cale category, and its value may change if the locale changes.
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
+ will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads), re-
+ gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The de-
+ fault is _\bO_\bf_\bf, but r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale con-
+ tains characters whose encodings may include bytes with the
+ eighth bit set. This variable is dependent on the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE lo-
+ cale category, and its value may change if the locale changes.
The name m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bfl\bla\bag\bg is a synonym for i\bin\bnp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba.
i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs (\b("C\bC-\b-[\b[C\bC-\b-J\bJ")\b)
- The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
- search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
- mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
+ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
+ search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
+ mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
ters _\bE_\bS_\bC and _\bC_\b-_\bJ will terminate an incremental search.
k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
- Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
- is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
- _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
- equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
+ Set the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be keymap. The set of valid keymap names
+ is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
+ equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
value of e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be also affects the default keymap.
k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq-\b-t\bti\bim\bme\beo\bou\but\bt (\b(5\b50\b00\b0)\b)
- Specifies the duration _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait for a character when
- reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
+ Specifies the duration r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will wait for a character when
+ reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional
- input to complete a longer key sequence). If readline does not
- receive any input within the timeout, it will use the shorter
- but complete key sequence. The value is specified in millisec-
- onds, so a value of 1000 means that readline will wait one sec-
- ond for additional input. If this variable is set to a value
- less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, readline
- will wait until another key is pressed to decide which key se-
+ input to complete a longer key sequence). If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be does not
+ receive any input within the timeout, it will use the shorter
+ but complete key sequence. The value is specified in millisec-
+ onds, so a value of 1000 means that r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will wait one sec-
+ ond for additional input. If this variable is set to a value
+ less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ will wait until another key is pressed to decide which key se-
quence to complete.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed directory names have a slash appended.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline displays history lines that have been
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be displays history lines that have been
modified with a preceding asterisk (*\b*).
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc-
- tories have a slash appended, subject to the value of m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bi-\b-
+ tories have a slash appended, subject to the value of m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bi-\b-
r\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs.
m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bid\bdd\bde\ben\bn-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, forces readline to match files
- whose names begin with a "." (hidden files) when performing
- filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the user must include the
+ This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, forces r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be to match files
+ whose names begin with a "." (hidden files) when performing
+ filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the user must include the
leading "." in the filename to be completed.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling
through the list.
o\bou\but\btp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will display characters with the eighth
bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence.
- The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf, but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale
- contains characters whose encodings may include bytes with the
- eighth bit set. This variable is dependent on the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE lo-
+ The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf, but r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale
+ contains characters whose encodings may include bytes with the
+ eighth bit set. This variable is dependent on the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE lo-
cale category, and its value may change if the locale changes.
p\bpa\bag\bge\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
play a screenful of possible completions at a time.
p\bpr\bre\bef\bfe\ber\br-\b-v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-b\bbe\bel\bll\bl
See b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bll\bly\by (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
- sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will display completions with matches
+ sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
screen.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-a\bat\bt-\b-n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
- before returning when executing a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be. By default, his-
- tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will undo all changes to history lines
+ before returning when executing a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be. By default, his-
+ tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
across calls to r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be.
s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline performs incremental and non-incremental
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be performs incremental and non-incremental
history list searches in a case-insensitive fashion.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
If set to O\bOn\bn, words which have more than one possible completion
- cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
+ cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
the bell.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-u\bun\bnm\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
a fashion similar to s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs. If set to O\bOn\bn, words
- which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
- ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
- common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in-
+ which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
+ ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
+ common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in-
stead of ringing the bell.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-i\bin\bn-\b-p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi-
- cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion.
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi-
+ cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion.
The mode strings are user-settable (e.g., _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg).
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-t\bte\bex\bxt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
- inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
- performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
- readline does not insert characters from the completion that
- match characters after point in the word being completed, so
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
+ inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
+ performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be does not insert characters from the completion that
+ match characters after point in the word being completed, so
portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
v\bvi\bi-\b-c\bcm\bmd\bd-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b((\b(c\bcm\bmd\bd)\b))\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
- when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value
+ when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value
is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
- control- prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
- The \1 and \2 escapes begin and end sequences of non-printing
- characters, which can be used to embed a terminal control se-
+ control- prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
+ The \1 and \2 escapes begin and end sequences of non-printing
+ characters, which can be used to embed a terminal control se-
quence into the mode string.
v\bvi\bi-\b-i\bin\bns\bs-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b((\b(i\bin\bns\bs)\b))\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode. The value
is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
- control- prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
- The \1 and \2 escapes begin and end sequences of non-printing
- characters, which can be used to embed a terminal control se-
+ control- prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
+ The \1 and \2 escapes begin and end sequences of non-printing
+ characters, which can be used to embed a terminal control se-
quence into the mode string.
v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
pletions.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bon\bnd\bdi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\btr\bru\buc\bct\bts\bs
- Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
- compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
- and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+ compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
+ and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
are four parser directives available.
- $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
- ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
- readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator,
+ $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
+ ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be. The text of the test, after any comparison operator,
extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no char-
acters are required to isolate it.
- m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
- whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
- used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for in-
- stance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
- _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
+ m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
+ whether r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
+ used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for in-
+ stance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
+ _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is starting out in
emacs mode.
- t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
+ t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by
the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side
of the =\b= is tested against both the full name of the ter-
- minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
- first -\b-. This allows _\bx_\bt_\be_\br_\bm to match both _\bx_\bt_\be_\br_\bm and
+ minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
+ first -\b-. This allows _\bx_\bt_\be_\br_\bm to match both _\bx_\bt_\be_\br_\bm and
_\bx_\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\b-_\b2_\b5_\b6_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bo_\br, for instance.
v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn test may be used to perform comparisons
- against specific readline versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
- to the current readline version. The set of comparison
- operators includes =\b=, (and =\b==\b=), !\b!=\b=, <\b<=\b=, >\b>=\b=, <\b<, and >\b>.
- The version number supplied on the right side of the op-
- erator consists of a major version number, an optional
+ The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn test may be used to perform comparisons
+ against specific r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
+ to the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be version. The set of comparison
+ operators includes =\b=, (and =\b==\b=), !\b!=\b=, <\b<=\b=, >\b>=\b=, <\b<, and >\b>.
+ The version number supplied on the right side of the op-
+ erator consists of a major version number, an optional
decimal point, and an optional minor version (e.g., 7\b7.\b.1\b1).
- If the minor version is omitted, it defaults to 0\b0. The
- operator may be separated from the string v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn and
+ If the minor version is omitted, it defaults to 0\b0. The
+ operator may be separated from the string v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn and
from the version number argument by whitespace.
_\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
The _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn construct is used to include application-
- specific settings. Each program using the readline li-
- brary sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
+ specific settings. Each program using the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be li-
+ brary sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
file can test for a particular value. This could be used
- to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
- program. For instance, the following command adds a key
- sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
+ to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
+ program. For instance, the following command adds a key
+ sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh:
$\b$i\bif\bf Bash
_\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be
The _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be construct provides simple equality tests for
- readline variables and values. The permitted comparison
- operators are _\b=, _\b=_\b=, and _\b!_\b=. The variable name must be
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variables and values. The permitted comparison
+ operators are _\b=, _\b=_\b=, and _\b!_\b=. The variable name must be
separated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the
- operator may be separated from the value on the right
- hand side by whitespace. String and boolean variables
- may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested against
+ operator may be separated from the value on the right
+ hand side by whitespace. String and boolean variables
+ may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested against
the values _\bo_\bn and _\bo_\bf_\bf.
$\b$e\bel\bls\bse\be Commands in this branch of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive are executed if the
command.
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be
- This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
+ This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
commands and key bindings from that file. For example, the fol-
lowing directive would read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc:
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
S\bSe\bea\bar\brc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
- Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be provides commands for searching through the command history
(see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are
two search modes: _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl and _\bn_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl.
- Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
- search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
- line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed
- so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
- needed to find the desired history entry. When using emacs editing
- mode, type C\bC-\b-r\br to search backward in the history for a particular
- string. Typing C\bC-\b-s\bs searches forward through the history. The charac-
- ters present in the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used
- to terminate an incremental search. If that variable has not been as-
- signed a value, _\bE_\bS_\bC and _\bC_\b-_\bJ will terminate an incremental search. _\bC_\b-_\bg
- will abort an incremental search and restore the original line. When
- the search is terminated, the history entry containing the search
+ Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
+ search string. As each character of the search string is typed, r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed
+ so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
+ needed to find the desired history entry. When using emacs editing
+ mode, type C\bC-\b-r\br to search backward in the history for a particular
+ string. Typing C\bC-\b-s\bs searches forward through the history. The charac-
+ ters present in the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used
+ to terminate an incremental search. If that variable has not been as-
+ signed a value, _\bE_\bS_\bC and _\bC_\b-_\bJ will terminate an incremental search. _\bC_\b-_\bg
+ will abort an incremental search and restore the original line. When
+ the search is terminated, the history entry containing the search
string becomes the current line.
- To find other matching entries in the history list, type C\bC-\b-r\br or C\bC-\b-s\bs as
- appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the history for
- the next entry matching the search string typed so far. Any other key
- sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and exe-
- cute that command. For instance, a newline will terminate the search
- and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the history
+ To find other matching entries in the history list, type C\bC-\b-r\br or C\bC-\b-s\bs as
+ appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the history for
+ the next entry matching the search string typed so far. Any other key
+ sequence bound to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command will terminate the search and exe-
+ cute that command. For instance, a newline will terminate the search
+ and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the history
list. A movement command will terminate the search, make the last line
found the current line, and begin editing.
- Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two C\bC-\b-r\brs are
- typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string,
- readline uses any remembered search string.
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be remembers the last incremental search string. If two C\bC-\b-r\brs are
+ typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string,
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses any remembered search string.
- Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
+ Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
to search for matching history entries. The search string may be typed
by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs
- The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
+ The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom-
panying key sequence are unbound by default.
In the following descriptions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor posi-
- tion, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk com-
- mand. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the _\br_\be_\b-
- _\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn. Readline has the concept of an _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn: when the region is
- active, readline redisplay uses the value of the a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\be-\b-
- g\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be t\bto\bo d\bde\ben\bno\bot\bte\be t\bth\bhe\be r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn.\b. S\bSe\bev\bve\ber\bra\bal\bl c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs s\bse\bet\bt
+ tion, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk com-
+ mand. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the _\br_\be_\b-
+ _\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn. R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be has the concept of an _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn: when the region is
+ active, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be redisplay uses the value of the a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\be-\b-
+ g\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be t\bto\bo d\bde\ben\bno\bot\bte\be t\bth\bhe\be r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn.\b. S\bSe\bev\bve\ber\bra\bal\bl c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs s\bse\bet\bt
t\bth\bhe\be r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn t\bto\bo a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be;\b; t\bth\bho\bos\bse\be a\bar\bre\be n\bno\bot\bte\bed\bd b\bbe\bel\blo\bow\bw.\b.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg
b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-a\ba)\b)
- Move to the start of the current line. This may also be bound
+ Move to the start of the current line. This may also be bound
to the Home key on some keyboards.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
- Move to the end of the line. This may also be bound to the End
+ Move to the end of the line. This may also be bound to the End
key on some keyboards.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(C\bC-\b-f\bf)\b)
Move forward a character.
Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-b\bb)\b)
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
+ Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
- previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired
- effect if the current readline line does not take up more than
- one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of
+ Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
+ previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired
+ effect if the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line does not take up more than
+ one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of
the prompt plus the screen width.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
- next physical screen line. This will not have the desired ef-
- fect if the current readline line does not take up more than one
- physical line or if the length of the current readline line is
+ Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
+ next physical screen line. This will not have the desired ef-
+ fect if the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line does not take up more than one
+ physical line or if the length of the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line is
not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback
- buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line
+ Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback
+ buffer, then redraw the current line, leaving the current line
at the top of the screen.
c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
Clear the screen, then redraw the current line, leaving the cur-
- rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh
+ rent line at the top of the screen. With an argument, refresh
the current line without clearing the screen.
r\bre\bed\bdr\bra\baw\bw-\b-c\bcu\bur\brr\bre\ben\bnt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Refresh the current line.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMa\ban\bni\bip\bpu\bul\bla\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be H\bHi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by
a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(N\bNe\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be,\b, R\bRe\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn)\b)
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line
- is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
- of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables. If the line is a
- modified history line, restore the history line to its original
+ is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
+ of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables. If the line is a
+ modified history line, restore the history line to its original
state.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-p\bp)\b)
Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in
the list.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
+ Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
the list.
b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-<\b<)\b)
Move to the first line in the history.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b->\b>)\b)
- Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
+ Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
being entered.
o\bop\bpe\ber\bra\bat\bte\be-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-g\bge\bet\bt-\b-n\bne\bex\bxt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-o\bo)\b)
- Accept the current line for execution as if a newline had been
- entered, and fetch the next line relative to the current line
- from the history for editing. A numeric argument, if supplied,
+ Accept the current line for execution as if a newline had been
+ entered, and fetch the next line relative to the current line
+ from the history for editing. A numeric argument, if supplied,
specifies the history entry to use instead of the current line.
f\bfe\bet\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by
- With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list
+ With a numeric argument, fetch that entry from the history list
and make it the current line. Without an argument, move back to
the first entry in the history list.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Search backward starting at the current line and moving "up"
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
- search. This command sets the region to the matched text and
- activates the region.
- f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-s\bs)\b)
- Search forward starting at the current line and moving "down"
+ Search backward starting at the current line and moving "up"
through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search. This command sets the region to the matched text and
activates the region.
+ f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-s\bs)\b)
+ Search forward starting at the current line and moving "down"
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ search. This command sets the region to the matched text and
+ activates the region.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-p\bp)\b)
Search backward through the history starting at the current line
- using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
+ using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
user. The search string may match anywhere in a history line.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
+ Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
search for a string supplied by the user. The search string may
match anywhere in a history line.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
non-incremental search. This may be bound to the Page Up key on
some keyboards.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point. The search
string must match at the beginning of a history line. This is a
- non-incremental search. This may be bound to the Page Down key
+ non-incremental search. This may be bound to the Page Down key
on some keyboards.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point. The search
- string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in-
+ string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in-
cremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point. The search
- string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in-
+ string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in-
cremental search.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
- Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
+ Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _\bn,
- insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
- previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in-
- serts the _\bnth word from the end of the previous command. Once
- the argument _\bn is computed, this uses the history expansion fa-
- cilities to extract the _\bnth word, as if the "!_\bn" history expan-
+ insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
+ previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in-
+ serts the _\bnth word from the end of the previous command. Once
+ the argument _\bn is computed, this uses the history expansion fa-
+ cilities to extract the _\bnth word, as if the "!_\bn" history expan-
sion had been specified.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
- Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
+ Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave
- exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
- move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
- the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
+ exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
+ move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
+ the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive
- calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
- negative argument switches the direction through the history
- (back or forward). This uses the history expansion facilities
- to extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had
+ calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
+ negative argument switches the direction through the history
+ (back or forward). This uses the history expansion facilities
+ to extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had
been specified.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
- Expand the line by performing shell word expansions. This per-
+ Expand the line by performing shell word expansions. This per-
forms alias and history expansion, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quot-
- ing, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arith-
- metic expansion, command and process substitution, word split-
- ting, and quote removal. An explicit argument suppresses com-
- mand and process substitution. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for
+ ing, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arith-
+ metic expansion, command and process substitution, word split-
+ ting, and quote removal. An explicit argument suppresses com-
+ mand and process substitution. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for
a description of history expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-^\b^)\b)
- Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bX-\b-
+ Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bX-\b-
P\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
m\bma\bag\bgi\bic\bc-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be
- Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
+ Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
space. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history
expansion.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
+ Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
for a description of alias expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
A synonym for y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-e\bex\bxe\bec\bcu\but\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
- Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
+ Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
result as shell commands. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to invoke $\b$V\bVI\bIS\bSU\bUA\bAL\bL, $\b$E\bED\bD-\b-
I\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR, and _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs as the editor, in that order.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br C\bCh\bha\ban\bng\bgi\bin\bng\bg T\bTe\bex\bxt\bt
_\be_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bo_\bf_\b-_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be (\b(u\bus\bsu\bua\bal\bll\bly\by C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
- The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
+ The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
_\bs_\bt_\bt_\by(1). If this character is read when there are no characters
- on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, readline
+ on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
interprets it as the end of input and returns E\bEO\bOF\bF.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the
above for the effects. This may also be bound to the Delete key
on some keyboards.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
+ Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br
- Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
+ Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur-
sor is deleted.
q\bqu\buo\bot\bte\bed\bd-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-q\bq,\b, C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
- Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
+ Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
to insert characters like C\bC-\b-q\bq, for example.
t\bta\bab\bb-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-v\bv T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
Insert a tab character.
s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(a\ba,\b, b\bb,\b, A\bA,\b, 1\b1,\b, !\b!,\b, ...)\b)
Insert the character typed.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bck\bke\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-p\bpa\bas\bst\bte\be-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
- This function is intended to be bound to the "bracketed paste"
- escape sequence sent by some terminals, and such a binding is
- assigned by default. It allows readline to insert the pasted
- text as a single unit without treating each character as if it
- had been read from the keyboard. The pasted characters are in-
- serted as if each one was bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt instead of exe-
+ This function is intended to be bound to the "bracketed paste"
+ escape sequence sent by some terminals, and such a binding is
+ assigned by default. It allows r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be to insert the pasted
+ text as a single unit without treating each character as if it
+ had been read from the keyboard. The pasted characters are in-
+ serted as if each one was bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt instead of exe-
cuting any editing commands.
- Bracketed paste sets the region to the inserted text and acti-
+ Bracketed paste sets the region to the inserted text and acti-
vates the region.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the character before point forward over the character at
- point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
- the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
+ Drag the character before point forward over the character at
+ point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
+ the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
Negative arguments have no effect.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bds\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
- point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
+ Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
+ point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
line, this transposes the last two words on the line.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bds\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
- point past that word as well. If the insertion point is at the
+ Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
+ point past that word as well. If the insertion point is at the
end of the line, this transposes the last two words on the line.
- Word boundaries are the same as s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd and
+ Word boundaries are the same as s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd and
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
u\bup\bpc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
+ Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
d\bdo\bow\bwn\bnc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
+ Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
c\bca\bap\bpi\bit\bta\bal\bli\biz\bze\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-c\bc)\b)
Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
o\bov\bve\ber\brw\bwr\bri\bit\bte\be-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be
- Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
+ Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive
numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects
- only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
+ only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
to _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b(_\b) starts in insert mode.
- In overwrite mode, characters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the
- text at point rather than pushing the text to the right. Char-
- acters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character be-
- fore point with a space. By default, this command is unbound,
+ In overwrite mode, characters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the
+ text at point rather than pushing the text to the right. Char-
+ acters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character be-
+ fore point with a space. By default, this command is unbound,
but may be bound to the Insert key on some keyboards.
K\bKi\bil\bll\bli\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd Y\bYa\ban\bnk\bki\bin\bng\bg
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-k\bk)\b)
Kill the text from point to the end of the current line. With a
- negative numeric argument, kill backward from the cursor to the
+ negative numeric argument, kill backward from the cursor to the
beginning of the line.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
Kill backward to the beginning of the current line. With a neg-
- ative numeric argument, kill forward from the cursor to the end
+ ative numeric argument, kill forward from the cursor to the end
of the line.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsc\bca\bar\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line, saving
+ Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line, saving
the killed text on the kill-ring.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwh\bho\bol\ble\be-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
+ Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
is.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-d\bd)\b)
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-w\bw)\b)
- Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
ary, saving the killed text on the kill-ring.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt
- Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
- character as the word boundaries, saving the killed text on the
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
+ character as the word boundaries, saving the killed text on the
kill-ring.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be (\b(M\bM-\b-\\b\)\b)
Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn
Kill the text in the current region.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-a\bas\bs-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl
- Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be
+ Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be
yanked immediately.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
+ Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
aries are the same as b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
+ Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
boundaries are the same as f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp (\b(M\bM-\b-y\by)\b)
- Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
+ Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
ing y\bya\ban\bnk\bk or y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp.
N\bNu\bum\bme\ber\bri\bic\bc A\bAr\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-0\b0,\b, M\bM-\b-1\b1,\b, ...,\b, M\bM-\b--\b-)\b)
- Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
+ Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
new argument. M-- starts a negative argument.
u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt
- This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
- followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
- sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
+ This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
+ followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
+ sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
lowed by digits, executing u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt again ends the nu-
meric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, if
this command is immediately followed by a character that is nei-
- ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
- command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
- one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
+ ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
+ command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
+ one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen,
and so on.
C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be (\b(T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
- attempts completion by first checking for any programmable com-
- pletions for the command word (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn be-
+ Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ attempts completion by first checking for any programmable com-
+ pletions for the command word (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn be-
low), otherwise treating the text as a variable (if the text be-
gins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname (if
- the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases, func-
- tions, and builtins) in turn. If none of these produces a
+ the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases, func-
+ tions, and builtins) in turn. If none of these produces a
match, it falls back to filename completion.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-?\b?)\b)
- List the possible completions of the text before point. When
- displaying completions, readline sets the number of columns used
- for display to the value of c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-w\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh, the value
- of the shell variable C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS, or the screen width, in that or-
+ List the possible completions of the text before point. When
+ displaying completions, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be sets the number of columns used
+ for display to the value of c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-w\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh, the value
+ of the shell variable C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS, or the screen width, in that or-
der.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-*\b*)\b)
- Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
+ Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
been generated by p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs, separated by a space.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
- a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeat-
- edly executing m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
- completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
- list of completions, m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be rings the bell (subject to
- the setting of b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be) and restores the original text. An
- argument of _\bn moves _\bn positions forward in the list of matches;
- a negative argument moves backward through the list. This com-
+ Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
+ a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeat-
+ edly executing m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
+ completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
+ list of completions, m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be rings the bell (subject to
+ the setting of b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be) and restores the original text. An
+ argument of _\bn moves _\bn positions forward in the list of matches;
+ a negative argument moves backward through the list. This com-
mand is intended to be bound to T\bTA\bAB\bB, but is unbound by default.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Identical to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
- of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
+ Identical to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
+ of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
negative argument. This command is unbound by default.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br-\b-o\bor\br-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt
- Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
- or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). At the end of the line,
+ Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
+ or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). At the end of the line,
it behaves identically to p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs. This command is
unbound by default.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-/\b/)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a filename.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-~\b~)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
username.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx ~\b~)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a username.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be (\b(M\bM-\b-$\b$)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
shell variable.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx $\b$)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a shell variable.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-@\b@)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
hostname.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx @\b@)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a hostname.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-!\b!)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
- command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
- against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
+ against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx !\b!)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a command name.
d\bdy\byn\bna\bam\bmi\bic\bc-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
against history list entries for possible completion matches.
d\bda\bab\bbb\bbr\bre\bev\bv-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
+ Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
text against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-i\bin\bnt\bto\bo-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bes\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-{\b{)\b)
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com-
- pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
+ pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
shell (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
K\bKe\bey\byb\bbo\boa\bar\brd\bd M\bMa\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx (\b()\b)
- Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
+ Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
macro.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx )\b))\b)
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
and store the definition.
c\bca\bal\bll\bl-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx e\be)\b)
- Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
+ Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b()\b)
- Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
+ Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
M\bMi\bis\bsc\bce\bel\bll\bla\ban\bne\beo\bou\bus\bs
r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
+ Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
bindings or variable assignments found there.
a\bab\bbo\bor\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-g\bg)\b)
- Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
+ Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
(subject to the setting of b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be).
d\bdo\bo-\b-l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\brc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(M\bM-\b-A\bA,\b, M\bM-\b-B\bB,\b, M\bM-\b-_\bx,\b, ...)\b)
- If the metafied character _\bx is uppercase, run the command that
+ If the metafied character _\bx is uppercase, run the command that
is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character. The
behavior is undefined if _\bx is already lowercase.
p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(E\bES\bSC\bC)\b)
u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-_\b_,\b, C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-r\br)\b)
- Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
- u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
+ Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
+ u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
state.
t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-&\b&)\b)
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-@\b@,\b, M\bM-\b-<\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>)\b)
- Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
set the mark to that position.
e\bex\bxc\bch\bha\ban\bng\bge\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-x\bx)\b)
- Swap the point with the mark. Set the current cursor position
+ Swap the point with the mark. Set the current cursor position
to the saved position, then set the mark to the old cursor posi-
tion.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh (\b(C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
- Read a character and move point to the next occurrence of that
- character. A negative argument searches for previous occur-
+ Read a character and move point to the next occurrence of that
+ character. A negative argument searches for previous occur-
rences.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
- Read a character and move point to the previous occurrence of
+ Read a character and move point to the previous occurrence of
that character. A negative argument searches for subsequent oc-
currences.
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bcs\bsi\bi-\b-s\bse\beq\bqu\bue\ben\bnc\bce\be
- Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
- those defined for keys like Home and End. CSI sequences begin
+ Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
+ those defined for keys like Home and End. CSI sequences begin
with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this
- sequence is bound to "\e[", keys producing CSI sequences will
- have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
- instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
+ sequence is bound to "\e[", keys producing CSI sequences will
+ have no effect unless explicitly bound to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command,
+ instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-#\b#)\b)
- Without a numeric argument, insert the value of the readline
+ Without a numeric argument, insert the value of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable at the beginning of the current line. If
- a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:
- if the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the
- value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, insert the value; otherwise delete the
- characters in c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn from the beginning of the line. In
- either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been
- typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn causes this command
+ a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:
+ if the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the
+ value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, insert the value; otherwise delete the
+ characters in c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn from the beginning of the line. In
+ either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been
+ typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn causes this command
to make the current line a shell comment. If a numeric argument
causes the comment character to be removed, the line will be ex-
ecuted by the shell.
s\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl-\b-c\bco\bor\brr\bre\bec\bct\bt-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx s\bs)\b)
- Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as
- a directory or filename, in the same way as the c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl shell
- option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by
+ Perform spelling correction on the current word, treating it as
+ a directory or filename, in the same way as the c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl shell
+ option. Word boundaries are the same as those used by
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-g\bg)\b)
Treat the word before point as a pattern for pathname expansion,
- with an asterisk implicitly appended, then use the pattern to
+ with an asterisk implicitly appended, then use the pattern to
generate a list of matching file names for possible completions.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx *\b*)\b)
Treat the word before point as a pattern for pathname expansion,
- and insert the list of matching file names, replacing the word.
- If a numeric argument is supplied, append a *\b* before pathname
+ and insert the list of matching file names, replacing the word.
+ If a numeric argument is supplied, append a *\b* before pathname
expansion.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx g\bg)\b)
Display the list of expansions that would have been generated by
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd and redisplay the line. If a numeric argument
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd and redisplay the line. If a numeric argument
is supplied, append a *\b* before pathname expansion.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
- Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
- line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out-
- put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
+ Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out-
+ put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
- Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to
- the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
- the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+ Print all of the settable r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variables and their values to
+ the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
- Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output to the readline output stream. If a numeric
+ Print all of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output to the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be output stream. If a numeric
argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that
it can be made part of an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcu\but\bte\be-\b-n\bna\bam\bme\bed\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-x\bx)\b)
- Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute
- the function to which it's bound, as if the key sequence to
- which it was bound appeared in the input. If this function is
+ Read a bindable r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command name from the input and execute
+ the function to which it's bound, as if the key sequence to
+ which it was bound appeared in the input. If this function is
supplied with a numeric argument, it passes that argument to the
function it executes.
d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
Display version information about the current instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- When a user attempts word completion for an argument to a command for
- which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
- the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be in-
+ When a user attempts word completion for an argument to a command for
+ which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
+ the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be in-
vokes the programmable completion facilities.
- First, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh identifies the command name. If a compspec has been de-
- fined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of
- possible completions for the word. If the command word is the empty
- string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- uses any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be. If the com-
+ First, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh identifies the command name. If a compspec has been de-
+ fined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of
+ possible completions for the word. If the command word is the empty
+ string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ uses any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be. If the com-
mand word is a full pathname, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches for a compspec for the full
- pathname first. If there is no compspec for the full pathname, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- attempts to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
- If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
- with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default. If there is no
- default compspec, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts alias expansion on the command word as
- a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word
+ pathname first. If there is no compspec for the full pathname, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ attempts to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
+ If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
+ with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default. If there is no
+ default compspec, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts alias expansion on the command word as
+ a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word
from any successful expansion.
If a compspec is not found, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh performs its default completion as de-
- scribed above under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg. Otherwise, once a compspec has been
+ scribed above under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg. Otherwise, once a compspec has been
found, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses it to generate the list of matching words.
- First, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh performs the _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs specified by the compspec. Only
- matches which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned.
+ First, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh performs the _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs specified by the compspec. Only
+ matches which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned.
When the -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name comple-
tion, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses the shell variable F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to filter the matches.
Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the -\b-G\bG op-
- tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
+ tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
match the word being completed. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variable to fil-
ter the matches, but does not use the G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable.
- Next, completion considers the string specified as the argument to the
- -\b-W\bW option. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word
- is then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
- variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
+ Next, completion considers the string specified as the argument to the
+ -\b-W\bW option. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word
+ is then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
described above under E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN. The results are split using the rules
described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg. The results of the expansion are
prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words
become possible completions.
- After these matches have been generated, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh executes any shell func-
+ After these matches have been generated, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh executes any shell func-
tion or command specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options. When the command
- or function is invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY, and
- C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE variables are assigned values as described above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs. If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and
+ or function is invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY, and
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE variables are assigned values as described above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs. If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD variables are also set. When the function or command is in-
- voked, the first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose argu-
- ments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being
- completed, and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word
- being completed on the current command line. There is no filtering of
- the generated completions against the word being completed; the func-
+ voked, the first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose argu-
+ ments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being
+ completed, and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word
+ being completed on the current command line. There is no filtering of
+ the generated completions against the word being completed; the func-
tion or command has complete freedom in generating the matches.
- Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
+ Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt builtins
- described below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible
+ described below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible
completions in the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY array variable, one per array element.
- Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
- ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
- completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
- used to escape a newline, if necessary. These are added to the set of
+ Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
+ ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
+ completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
+ used to escape a newline, if necessary. These are added to the set of
possible completions.
- After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
- fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
- tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
- with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
- with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
- Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
+ After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
+ fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
+ tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
+ with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
+ with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
+ Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
A leading !\b! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match-
- ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
- enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
+ ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
+ enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
betic characters.
Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options are
added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned
to r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be as the list of possible completions.
- If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
- -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was de-
+ If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
+ -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was de-
fined, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts directory name completion.
- If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
- was defined, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts directory name completion and adds any
+ If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
+ was defined, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts directory name completion and adds any
matches to the set of possible completions.
- By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
- to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
- default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions and the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be default of filename comple-
- tion are disabled. If the -\b-o\bo b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
- p\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, if the compspec generates no
- matches, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts its default completions. If the -\b-o\bo d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt op-
+ By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
+ to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
+ default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions and the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be default of filename comple-
+ tion are disabled. If the -\b-o\bo b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
+ p\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, if the compspec generates no
+ matches, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts its default completions. If the -\b-o\bo d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt op-
tion was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, programma-
- ble completion will perform readline's default completion if the comp-
- spec (and, if attempted, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions) generate no
+ ble completion will perform r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be's default completion if the comp-
+ spec (and, if attempted, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions) generate no
matches.
- When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
- the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
- to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
- the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
- setting of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable.
-
- There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
- most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
- fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
- completion functions to indicate that completion should be retried by
- returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
+ When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
+ the programmable completion functions force r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be to append a slash
+ to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
+ the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable, regardless of the
+ setting of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable.
+
+ There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
+ most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
+ fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
+ completion functions to indicate that completion should be retried by
+ returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is
- being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
+ being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an
- attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
- completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
+ attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
+ completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
than being loaded all at once.
- For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
- in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de-
+ For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
+ in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de-
fault completion function would load completions dynamically:
_completion_loader()
{
-o bashdefault -o default
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
- When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
+ When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
provides access to the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by, the list of commands previously
- typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
- commands to save in a history list: the shell saves the text of the
+ typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
+ commands to save in a history list: the shell saves the text of the
last H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE commands (default 500). The shell stores each command in
- the history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bN-\b-
- S\bSI\bIO\bON\bN above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the
+ the history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bN-\b-
+ S\bSI\bIO\bON\bN above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the
values of the shell variables H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
- On startup, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh initializes the history list by reading history en-
- tries from the the file named by the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable (default
- _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). That file is referred to as the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The
- history file is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
- number of history entries specified by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- variable. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric
+ On startup, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh initializes the history list by reading history en-
+ tries from the the file named by the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable (default
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). That file is referred to as the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The
+ history file is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
+ number of history entries specified by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
+ variable. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric
value, or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not trun-
cated.
When the history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps
- for the following history line. These timestamps are optionally dis-
- played depending on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When
- present, history timestamps delimit history entries, making multi-line
+ for the following history line. These timestamps are optionally dis-
+ played depending on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When
+ present, history timestamps delimit history entries, making multi-line
entries possible.
When a shell with history enabled exits, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh copies the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- entries from the history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell
- option is enabled (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN
- C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh appends the entries to the history file, other-
- wise it overwrites the history file. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset or null, or
- if the history file is unwritable, the history is not saved. After
- saving the history, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh truncates the history file to contain no more
+ entries from the history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell
+ option is enabled (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh appends the entries to the history file, other-
+ wise it overwrites the history file. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset or null, or
+ if the history file is unwritable, the history is not saved. After
+ saving the history, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh truncates the history file to contain no more
than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines as described above.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the shell writes the timestamp
- information associated with each history entry to the history file,
- marked with the history comment character, so timestamps are preserved
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the shell writes the timestamp
+ information associated with each history entry to the history file,
+ marked with the history comment character, so timestamps are preserved
across shell sessions. This uses the history comment character to dis-
- tinguish timestamps from other history lines. As above, when using
+ tinguish timestamps from other history lines. As above, when using
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT, the timestamps delimit multi-line history entries.
- The f\bfc\bc builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) will list or
+ The f\bfc\bc builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) will list or
edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin
can display or modify the history list and manipulate the history file.
- When using command-line editing, search commands are available in each
+ When using command-line editing, search commands are available in each
editing mode that provide access to the history list.
- The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+ The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
list. The H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables are used to save only a
- subset of the commands entered. If the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option is en-
- abled, the shell attempts to save each line of a multi-line command in
- the same history entry, adding semicolons where necessary to preserve
- syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option modifies c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt by
- saving the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See
+ subset of the commands entered. If the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option is en-
+ abled, the shell attempts to save each line of a multi-line command in
+ the same history entry, adding semicolons where necessary to preserve
+ syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option modifies c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt by
+ saving the command with embedded newlines instead of semicolons. See
the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
for information on setting and unsetting shell options.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
- history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
+ The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
+ history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
are available.
History expansion is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can
- be disabled using the +\b+H\bH option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ be disabled using the +\b+H\bH option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history
expansion by default, but it can be enabled with "set -H".
History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input
- stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
+ stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous
commands quickly.
- History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
- read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
- line individually. The shell attempts to inform the history expansion
+ History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
+ read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
+ line individually. The shell attempts to inform the history expansion
functions about quoting still in effect from previous lines.
- It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which history
- list entry to use during substitution. The second is to select por-
+ It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which history
+ list entry to use during substitution. The second is to select por-
tions of that entry to include into the current one.
- The entry selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
+ The entry selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
that entry that are acted upon are _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
- able to manipulate the selected words. The entry is split into words
- in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\br-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. The
- _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt _\bd_\be_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br selects the event, the optional _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bd_\be_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br se-
- lects words from the event, and various optional _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
+ able to manipulate the selected words. The entry is split into words
+ in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\br-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. The
+ _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt _\bd_\be_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br selects the event, the optional _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bd_\be_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br se-
+ lects words from the event, and various optional _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
able to manipulate the selected words.
- History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history ex-
- pansion character, which is !\b! by default. History expansions may ap-
+ History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history ex-
+ pansion character, which is !\b! by default. History expansions may ap-
pear anywhere in the input, but do not nest.
- Only backslash (\\b\) and single quotes can quote the history expansion
- character, but the history expansion character is also treated as
+ Only backslash (\\b\) and single quotes can quote the history expansion
+ character, but the history expansion character is also treated as
quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a double-
quoted string.
- Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
- lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
- tab, newline, carriage return, =\b=, and the other shell metacharacters
+ Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
+ lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
+ tab, newline, carriage return, =\b=, and the other shell metacharacters
defined above.
There is a special abbreviation for substitution, active when the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk
- _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character (described above under h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs) is the first
+ _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character (described above under h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs) is the first
character on the line. It selects the previous history list entry, us-
- ing an event designator equivalent to !\b!!\b!, and substitutes one string
- for another in that entry. It is described below under E\bEv\bve\ben\bnt\bt D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\ba-\b-
- t\bto\bor\brs\bs. This is the only history expansion that does not begin with the
+ ing an event designator equivalent to !\b!!\b!, and substitutes one string
+ for another in that entry. It is described below under E\bEv\bve\ben\bnt\bt D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\ba-\b-
+ t\bto\bor\brs\bs. This is the only history expansion that does not begin with the
history expansion character.
- Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin will modify his-
- tory expansion behavior (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin be-
+ Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin will modify his-
+ tory expansion behavior (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin be-
low).and If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell option is enabled, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is be-
ing used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell
parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be edit-
- ing buffer for further modification. If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, and
- the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed history substitution
+ ing buffer for further modification. If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, and
+ the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed history substitution
is reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer for correction.
- The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command shows what a history ex-
- pansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin
- will add commands to the end of the history list without actually exe-
+ The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command shows what a history ex-
+ pansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin
+ will add commands to the end of the history list without actually exe-
cuting them, so that they are available for subsequent recall.
- The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
+ The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
expansion mechanism (see the description of h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
tory timestamps when writing the history file.
E\bEv\bve\ben\bnt\bt D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- An event designator is a reference to an entry in the history list.
+ An event designator is a reference to an entry in the history list.
The event designator consists of the portion of the word beginning with
- the history expansion character and ending with the word designator if
- present, or the end of the word. Unless the reference is absolute,
+ the history expansion character and ending with the word designator if
+ present, or the end of the word. Unless the reference is absolute,
events are relative to the current position in the history list.
- !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
- newline, carriage return, =, or, when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
+ !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
+ newline, carriage return, =, or, when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, (.
!\b!_\bn Refer to history list entry _\bn.
!\b!-\b-_\bn Refer to the current entry minus _\bn.
!\b!!\b! Refer to the previous entry. This is a synonym for "!-1".
!\b!_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
in the history list starting with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg.
!\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b]
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
- in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
- omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a newline. If
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is missing, this uses the string from the most recent
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
+ omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a newline. If
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is missing, this uses the string from the most recent
search; it is an error if there is no previous search string.
^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^\b^
- Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to "!!:s^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^"
+ Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to "!!:s^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^"
(see M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs below).
!\b!#\b# The entire command line typed so far.
Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. They
are optional; if the word designator isn't supplied, the history expan-
sion uses the entire event. A :\b: separates the event specification from
- the word designator. It may be omitted if the word designator begins
- with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words are numbered from the beginning of the
- line, with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero). Words are in-
+ the word designator. It may be omitted if the word designator begins
+ with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words are numbered from the beginning of the
+ line, with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero). Words are in-
serted into the current line separated by single spaces.
0\b0 (\b(z\bze\ber\bro\bo)\b)
The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word.
_\bn The _\bnth word.
^\b^ The first argument: word 1.
- $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex-
+ $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex-
pand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line.
%\b% The first word matched by the most recent "?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?" search, if
- the search string begins with a character that is part of a
- word. By default, searches begin at the end of each line and
- proceed to the beginning, so the first word matched is the one
+ the search string begins with a character that is part of a
+ word. By default, searches begin at the end of each line and
+ proceed to the beginning, so the first word matched is the one
closest to the end of the line.
_\bx-\b-_\by A range of words; "-_\by" abbreviates "0-_\by".
- *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for "_\b1_\b-_\b$".
- It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
+ *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for "_\b1_\b-_\b$".
+ It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
event; it expands to the empty string in that case.
x\bx*\b* Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$.
x\bx-\b- Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$ like x\bx*\b*, but omits the last word. If x\bx is miss-
ing, it defaults to 0.
- If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+ If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event, equivalent to !\b!!\b!.
M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs
- After the optional word designator, the expansion may include a se-
- quence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a
- ":". These modify, or edit, the word or words selected from the his-
+ After the optional word designator, the expansion may include a se-
+ quence of one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a
+ ":". These modify, or edit, the word or words selected from the his-
tory event.
h\bh Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving only the head.
e\be Remove all but the trailing suffix.
p\bp Print the new command but do not execute it.
q\bq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
- x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
- b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines. The q\bq and x\bx modifiers are mutually exclu-
+ x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
+ b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines. The q\bq and x\bx modifiers are mutually exclu-
sive; expansion uses the last one supplied.
s\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/
- Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
+ Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
line. Any character may be used as the delimiter in place of /.
- The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
- the event line. A single backslash will quote the delimiter in
- _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced with _\bo_\bl_\bd. A
+ The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ the event line. A single backslash will quote the delimiter in
+ _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced with _\bo_\bl_\bd. A
single backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set to
- the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substitu-
- tions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search. If
+ the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substitu-
+ tions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search. If
_\bn_\be_\bw is null, each matching _\bo_\bl_\bd is deleted.
&\b& Repeat the previous substitution.
g\bg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
- used in conjunction with ":\b:s\bs" (e.g., ":\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/") or ":\b:&\b&".
- If used with ":\b:s\bs", any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
- the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ used in conjunction with ":\b:s\bs" (e.g., ":\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/") or ":\b:&\b&".
+ If used with ":\b:s\bs", any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
+ the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. An a\ba may be used as a synonym for g\bg.
G\bG Apply the following "s\bs" or "&\b&" modifier once to each word in the
event line.
Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section
as accepting options preceded by -\b- accepts -\b--\b- to signify the end of the
options. The :\b:, t\btr\bru\bue\be, f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be, and t\bte\bes\bst\bt/[\b[ builtins do not accept options
- and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
- t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
- with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
- are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
- with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
+ and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
+ t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
+ with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
+ are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
+ with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
tion.
:\b: [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
+ No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
and performing any specified redirections. The return status is
zero.
.\b. [-\b-p\bp _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh] _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be [-\b-p\bp _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh] _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- The .\b. command (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) reads and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- in the current shell environment and returns the exit status of
+ The .\b. command (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) reads and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ in the current shell environment and returns the exit status of
the last command executed from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash, .\b. searches for it. If the
- -\b-p\bp option is supplied, .\b. treats _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh as a colon-separated list
- of directories in which to find _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be; otherwise, .\b. uses the
- entries in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to find the directory containing _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not need to be executable. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in
- _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, it searches the current directory if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not
- found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, but does not search the current directory if -\b-p\bp
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, .\b. treats _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh as a colon-separated list
+ of directories in which to find _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be; otherwise, .\b. uses the
+ entries in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to find the directory containing _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not need to be executable. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in
+ posix mode, it searches the current directory if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not
+ found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, but does not search the current directory if -\b-p\bp
is supplied. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin com-
mand is turned off, .\b. does not search P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH.
- If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the positional para-
- meters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the positional pa-
+ If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the positional para-
+ meters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the positional pa-
rameters are unchanged.
If the -\b-T\bT option is enabled, .\b. inherits any trap on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG; if it
- is not, any D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap string is saved and restored around the
+ is not, any D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap string is saved and restored around the
call to .\b., and .\b. unsets the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap while it executes. If -\b-T\bT
is not set, and the sourced file changes the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the new
value persists after .\b. completes. The return status is the sta-
tus of the last command executed from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (0 if no commands
- are executed), and non-zero if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or cannot
+ are executed), and non-zero if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or cannot
be read.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- With no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option,a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs prints the list of
- aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
- arguments are supplied, define an alias for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
- to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded
- during command parsing. For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for
- which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is supplied, print the name and value of the
- alias _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs returns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given (without
+ With no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option, a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs prints the list
+ of aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output.
+ When arguments are supplied, define an alias for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
+ to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded
+ during command parsing. For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for
+ which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is supplied, print the name and value of the
+ alias _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs returns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given (without
a corresponding =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be) for which no alias has been defined.
b\bbg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
- had been started with &\b&. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell
+ Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
+ had been started with &\b&. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell
uses its notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
- run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
- enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
+ run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
+ enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
without job control.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\bls\bsv\bvS\bSV\bVX\bX]
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] -\b-p\bp|-\b-P\bP [_\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be
- Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
- sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro or to a shell command,
- or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable. Each non-option argument is a key
- binding or command as it would appear in a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be initializa-
- tion file such as _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be
- passed as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r":
- re-read-init-file'. In the following descriptions, output
- available to be re-read is formatted as commands that would ap-
+ Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
+ sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro or to a shell command,
+ or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable. Each non-option argument is a key
+ binding or command as it would appear in a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be initializa-
+ tion file such as _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be
+ passed as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r":
+ re-read-init-file'. In the following descriptions, output
+ available to be re-read is formatted as commands that would ap-
pear in a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be initialization file or that would be supplied
- as individual arguments to a b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd command. Options, if sup-
+ as individual arguments to a b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd command. Options, if sup-
plied, have the following meanings:
-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp
Use _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
bindings. Acceptable _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp names are _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
- _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
- and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
- is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
+ _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
+ and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
+ is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd.
-\b-l\bl List the names of all r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be functions.
- -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
- way that they can be used as an argument to a subsequent
- b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd command or in a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be initialization file. If
- arguments remain after option processing, b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd treats
- them as readline command names and restricts output to
- those names.
- -\b-P\bP List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings. If
+ -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
+ way that they can be used as an argument to a subsequent
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd command or in a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be initialization file. If
arguments remain after option processing, b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd treats
- them as readline command names and restricts output to
+ them as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command names and restricts output to
+ those names.
+ -\b-P\bP List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings. If
+ arguments remain after option processing, b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd treats
+ them as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command names and restricts output to
those names.
- -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output in such a way that they can be used
+ -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output in such a way that they can be used
as an argument to a subsequent b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd command or in a r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
l\bli\bin\bne\be initialization file.
- -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output.
- -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
+ -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
that they can be used as an argument to a subsequent b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd
command or in a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be initialization file.
-\b-V\bV List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values.
-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
Read key bindings from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-q\bq _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- Display key sequences that invoke the named r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ Display key sequences that invoke the named r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- Unbind all key sequences bound to the named r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ Unbind all key sequences bound to the named r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn.
-\b-r\br _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq
Remove any current binding for _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq.
-\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq[\b[:\b: ]\b]_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is en-
tered. The separator between _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq and _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- either whitespace or a colon optionally followed by
- whitespace. If the separator is whitespace, _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
- _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd must be enclosed in double quotes and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be ex-
- pands any of its special backslash-escapes in _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
- _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd before saving it. If the separator is a colon, any
- enclosing double quotes are optional, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be does
- not expand the command string before saving it. Since
- the entire key binding expression must be a single argu-
- ment, it should be enclosed in single quotes. When
- _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line
+ either whitespace or a colon optionally followed by
+ whitespace. If the separator is whitespace, _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd must be enclosed in double quotes and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be ex-
+ pands any of its special backslash-escapes in _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd before saving it. If the separator is a colon, any
+ enclosing double quotes are optional, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be does
+ not expand the command string before saving it. Since
+ the entire key binding expression must be a single argu-
+ ment, it should be enclosed in single quotes. When
+ _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line
buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT and R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK variables
- to the current location of the insertion point and the
- saved insertion point (the mark), respectively. The
- shell assigns any numeric argument the user supplied to
- the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGU\bUM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT variable. If there was no argu-
- ment, that variable is not set. If the executed command
- changes the value of any of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK, those new values will be
+ to the current location of the insertion point and the
+ saved insertion point (the mark), respectively. The
+ shell assigns any numeric argument the user supplied to
+ the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGU\bUM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT variable. If there was no argu-
+ ment, that variable is not set. If the executed command
+ changes the value of any of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK, those new values will be
reflected in the editing state.
- -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
- associated commands in a format that can be reused as an
- argument to a subsequent @code{bind} command.
+ -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
+ associated commands in a format that can be reused as an
+ argument to a subsequent b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd command.
- The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is supplied
+ The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is supplied
or an error occurred.
b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk [_\bn]
- Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
+ Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
specified, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk exits _\bn enclosing loops. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn
- is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing
+ is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing
loops are exited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
than or equal to 1.
b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Execute the specified shell builtin _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, passing it
- _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and return its exit status. This is useful when
- defining a function whose name is the same as a shell builtin,
- retaining the functionality of the builtin within the function.
- The c\bcd\bd builtin is commonly redefined this way. The return sta-
+ Execute the specified shell builtin _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, passing it
+ _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and return its exit status. This is useful when
+ defining a function whose name is the same as a shell builtin,
+ retaining the functionality of the builtin within the function.
+ The c\bcd\bd builtin is commonly redefined this way. The return sta-
tus is false if _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is not a shell builtin command.
c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins).
- Without _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source file-
- name of the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer
+ Without _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source file-
+ name of the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer
is supplied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine
name, and source file corresponding to that position in the cur-
- rent execution call stack. This extra information may be used,
+ rent execution call stack. This extra information may be used,
for example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame
0.
- The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
- routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
- c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]]] [-@] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
- the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is used as _\bd_\bi_\br. The vari-
- able C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH exists, c\bcd\bd uses it as a search path: the shell
- searches each directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative di-
- rectory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null
- directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory,
- i.e., ".". If _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
- used.
+ c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL] [-@] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
+ c\bcd\bd -\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be] [-@] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
+ Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
+ the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is used as _\bd_\bi_\br. The vari-
+ able C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH exists, and _\bd_\bi_\br does not begin with a slash (/), c\bcd\bd
+ uses it as a search path: the shell searches each directory name
+ in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
+ separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
+ the same as the current directory, i.e., ".".
The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical directory structure
by resolving symbolic links while traversing _\bd_\bi_\br and before pro-
cessing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br (see also the -\b-P\bP option to the
s\bse\bet\bt builtin command).
- The -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links to be followed by resolving
+ The -\b-L\bL option forces c\bcd\bd to follow symbolic links by resolving
the link after processing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br. If _\b._\b. appears
- in _\bd_\bi_\br, it is processed by removing the immediately previous
+ in _\bd_\bi_\br, c\bcd\bd processes it by removing the immediately previous
pathname component from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a slash or the beginning of
- _\bd_\bi_\br.
+ _\bd_\bi_\br, and verifying that the portion of _\bd_\bi_\br it has processed to
+ that point is still a valid directory name after removing the
+ pathname component. If it is not a valid directory name, c\bcd\bd re-
+ turns a non-zero status. If neither -\b-L\bL nor -\b-P\bP is supplied, c\bcd\bd
+ behaves as if -\b-L\bL had been supplied.
- If the -\b-e\be option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current working
- directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful
- directory change, c\bcd\bd will return a non-zero status.
+ If the -\b-e\be option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and c\bcd\bd cannot successfully
+ determine the current working directory after a successful di-
+ rectory change, it will return a non-zero status.
On systems that support it, the -\b-@\b@ option presents the extended
attributes associated with a file as a directory.
will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) to obtain the line.
- Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the current (or default, if line editing
was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
- readline's default filename completion.
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be's default filename completion.
-\b-E\bE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) to obtain the line.
- Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the current (or default, if line editing
was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
bash's default completion, including programmable comple-
tion.
s\bse\bet\bt +\b+o\bo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
- be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
+ be reset. In posix mode, only shell variables are listed. The
output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
The effect is as if the shell command
"IGNOREEOF=10" had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs <\b< above).
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing
+ This changes the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing
buffer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a "." in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames "."
- and ".." must always be matched explicitly, even if d\bdo\bot\bt-\b-
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames _\b. and
+ _\b._\b. must always be matched explicitly, even if d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
+ set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
not execute the file specified as an argument to the
If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
- ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
+ ble completions. See S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above for a de-
scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
fault.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
lower-case ASCII characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs
If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
- names "." and "..", even if the pattern begins with a
- ".". This option is enabled by default.
+ names _\b. and _\b._\b., even if the pattern begins with a ".".
+ This option is enabled by default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
text will match all files and zero or more directories
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
+ environment. This option is enabled when posix mode is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
In an interactive shell, a word beginning with #\b# causes
The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When the shell is in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, or if the expression is part of
+ When the shell is in posix mode, or if the expression is part of
the [\b[[\b[ command, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort using the current lo-
- cale. If the shell is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ com-
+ cale. If the shell is not in posix mode, the t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ com-
mands sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering.
The historical operator-precedence parsing with 4 or more argu-
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE --
- http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/
+ http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/
http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode
_\bs_\bh(1), _\bk_\bs_\bh(1), _\bc_\bs_\bh(1)
_\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs(1), _\bv_\bi(1)
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash 5.3 2024 October 14 _\bB_\bA_\bS_\bH(1)
+GNU Bash 5.3 2024 October 15 _\bB_\bA_\bS_\bH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet.ramey@case.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Mon Oct 14 11:41:21 EDT 2024
+.\" Last Change: Tue Oct 15 16:53:49 EDT 2024
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.\" avoid a warning about an undefined register
.\" .if !rzY .nr zY 0
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2024 October 14" "GNU Bash 5.3"
+.TH BASH 1 "2024 October 15" "GNU Bash 5.3"
.\"
.ie \n(.g \{\
.ds ' \(aq
.\" \% at the beginning of the string protects the filename from hyphenation.
.\"
.de FN
-\%\fI\|\\$1\|\fP
+\%\fI\|\\$1\|\fP\\$2
..
.\"
.\" Quotation macro: generate consistent quoted strings that don't rely
.TP
.B \-\-dump\-po\-strings
Equivalent to \fB\-D\fP, but the output is in the GNU \fIgettext\fP
-\fBpo\fP (portable object) file format.
+.Q po
+(portable object) file format.
.TP
.B \-\-dump\-strings
Equivalent to \fB\-D\fP.
Execute commands from
.I file
instead of the standard personal initialization file
-.I \*~/.bashrc
+.FN \*~/.bashrc
if the shell is interactive (see
.SM
.B INVOCATION
Do not read either the system-wide startup file
.FN /etc/profile
or any of the personal initialization files
-.IR \*~/.bash_profile ,
-.IR \*~/.bash_login ,
+.FN \*~/.bash_profile ,
+.FN \*~/.bash_login ,
or
-.IR \*~/.profile .
+.FN \*~/.profile .
By default,
.B bash
reads these files when it is invoked as a login shell (see
.TP
.B \-\-norc
Do not read and execute the personal initialization file
-.I \*~/.bashrc
+.FN \*~/.bashrc
if the shell is interactive.
This option is on by default if the shell is invoked as
.BR sh .
.SM
.B "SEE ALSO"
below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects
-bash's behavior.
+\fBBash\fP's behavior.
.TP
.B \-\-restricted
The shell becomes restricted (see
.B bash
is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell
with the \fB\-\-login\fP option, it first reads and
-executes commands from the file \fI/etc/profile\fP, if that
-file exists.
-After reading that file, it looks for \fI\*~/.bash_profile\fP,
-\fI\*~/.bash_login\fP, and \fI\*~/.profile\fP, in that order, and reads
+executes commands from the file
+.FN /etc/profile ,
+if that file exists.
+After reading that file, it looks for
+.FN \*~/.bash_profile ,
+.FN \*~/.bash_login ,
+and
+.FN \*~/.profile ,
+in that order, and reads
and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.
The
.B \-\-noprofile
When an interactive login shell exits,
or a non-interactive login shell executes the \fBexit\fP builtin command,
.B bash
-reads and executes commands from the file \fI\*~/.bash_logout\fP, if it
-exists.
+reads and executes commands from the file
+.FN \*~/.bash_logout ,
+if it exists.
.PP
When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started,
.B bash
-reads and executes commands from \fI\*~/.bashrc\fP, if that file exists.
+reads and executes commands from
+.FN \*~/.bashrc ,
+if that file exists.
This may be inhibited by using the
.B \-\-norc
option.
The \fB\-\-rcfile\fP \fIfile\fP option causes
.B bash
-to use \fIfile\fP instead of \fI\*~/.bashrc\fP.
+to use \fIfile\fP instead of
+.FN \*~/.bashrc .
.PP
When
.B bash
When invoked as an interactive login shell, or a non-interactive
shell with the \fB\-\-login\fP option, it first attempts to
read and execute commands from
-.I /etc/profile
+.FN /etc/profile
and
-.IR \*~/.profile ,
+.FN \*~/.profile ,
in that order.
The
.B \-\-noprofile
-option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
+option will inhibit this behavior.
When invoked as an interactive shell with the name
.BR sh ,
.B bash
When invoked as
.BR sh ,
.B bash
-enters
-.I posix
-mode after the startup files are read.
+enters posix mode after reading the startup files.
.PP
When
.B bash
-is started in
-.I posix
-mode, as with the
+is started in posix mode, as with the
.B \-\-posix
command line option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files.
In this mode, interactive shells expand the
If
.B bash
determines it is being run non-interactively in this fashion,
-it reads and executes commands from \fI\*~/.bashrc\fP,
+it reads and executes commands from
+.FN \*~/.bashrc ,
if that file exists and is readable.
It will not do this if invoked as \fBsh\fP.
The
.B \-\-norc
-option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
+option will inhibit this behavior, and the
.B \-\-rcfile
option will make \fBbash\fP use a different file instead of
-\fI\*~/.bashrc\fP, but neither
+.FN \*~/.bashrc ,
+but neither
\fIrshd\fP nor \fIsshd\fP generally invoke the shell with those options
or allow them to be specified.
.PP
elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by its execution
when the pipeline terminates.
The \fB\-p\fP option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX.
-When the shell is in \fIposix mode\fP, it does not recognize
+When the shell is in posix mode, it does not recognize
\fBtime\fP as a reserved word if the next token begins with a
.Q \- .
The value of the
below under
.BR "Shell Variables" .
.PP
-When the shell is in \fIposix mode\fP, \fBtime\fP
+When the shell is in posix mode, \fBtime\fP
may appear by itself as the only word in a simple command.
In this case, the shell displays the
total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.
parentheses are not supplied, the braces are recommended.
\fIcompound\-command\fP is executed whenever \fIfname\fP is specified as the
name of a simple command.
-When in \fIposix mode\fP, \fIfname\fP must be a valid shell \fIname\fP
+When in posix mode, \fIfname\fP must be a valid shell \fIname\fP
and may not be the name of one of the POSIX \fIspecial builtins\fP.
In default mode, a function name can be any unquoted shell word that does
not contain \fB$\fP.
.BR \e ,
and, when history expansion is enabled,
.BR ! .
-When the shell is in \fIposix mode\fP,
+When the shell is in posix mode,
the \fB!\fP has no special meaning
within double quotes, even when history expansion is enabled.
The characters
and
.B local
builtin commands (\fIdeclaration\fP commands).
-When in \fIposix mode\fP, these builtins may appear in a command after
+When in posix mode, these builtins may appear in a command after
one or more instances of the \fBcommand\fP builtin and retain these
assignment statement properties.
.PP
.BR bash ,
as given by argument zero.
.PD
-.SS Shell Variables
+.SS "Shell Variables"
The shell sets following variables:
.PP
.PD 0
Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of seconds
since the Unix Epoch (see
.IR time (3))
-as a floating point value with micro-second granularity.
+as a floating-point value with micro-second granularity.
Assignments to
.SM
.B EPOCHREALTIME
subsequently reset.
.TP
.B READLINE_ARGUMENT
-Any numeric argument given to a readline command that was defined using
+Any numeric argument given to a \fBreadline\fP command that was defined using
.Q "bind \-x"
(see
.SM
.SM
.B BASH_ENV
(see \fBINVOCATION\fP above)
-when an interactive shell is invoked in \fIposix mode\fP.
+when an interactive shell is invoked in posix mode.
.TP
.B EXECIGNORE
A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see \fBPattern Matching\fP)
The value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort order for
the results of pathname expansion.
If this variable is unset or set to the null string, pathname expansion
-uses the historical behavior of sorting by name.
+uses the historical behavior of sorting by name,
+in ascending lexicographic order as determined by the
+.B \%LC_COLLATE
+shell variable.
.IP
If set, a valid value begins with an optional \fI+\fP, which is ignored,
or \fI\-\fP, which reverses the sort order from ascending to descending,
followed by a sort specifier.
The valid sort specifiers are
.IR name ,
-.IR numeric ,
+.IR \%numeric ,
.IR size ,
.IR mtime ,
.IR atime ,
order by modification time (newest first).
.IP
The \fInumeric\fP specifier treats names consisting solely of digits as
-numbers and sorts them using the numeric value (so "2" will sort before
-"10", for example).
+numbers and sorts them using their numeric value (so
+.Q 2
+will sort before
+.Q 10 ,
+for example).
When using \fInumeric\fP, names containing non-digits sort after all
the all-digit names and are sorted by name using the traditional behavior.
.IP
-A sort specifier of \fInosort\fP disables sorting completely; the results
-are returned in the order they are read from the file system,
-and any leading \fI+\fP or \fI\-\fP is ignored.
+A sort specifier of \fInosort\fP disables sorting completely;
+.B bash
+returns the results
+in the order they are read from the file system,
+ignoring any leading \fI\-\fP.
.IP
If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to \fIname\fP,
so a value of \fI+\fP is equivalent to the null string,
.SM
.B HISTORY
below).
-\fBBash\fP assigns a default value of \fI\*~/.bash_history\fP.
+\fBBash\fP assigns a default value of
+.FN \*~/.bash_history .
If \fBHISTFILE\fP is unset or null,
the shell does not save the command history when it exits.
.TP
.TP
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
If this variable is in the environment when \fBbash\fP starts, the shell
-enters \fIposix mode\fP before reading the startup files, as if the
+enters posix mode before reading the startup files, as if the
.B \-\-posix
invocation option had been supplied. If it is set while the shell is
-running, \fBbash\fP enables \fIposix mode\fP, as if the command
+running, \fBbash\fP enables posix mode, as if the command
.Q "set \-o posix"
had been executed.
-When the shell enters \fIposix mode\fP, it sets this variable if it was
+When the shell enters posix mode, it sets this variable if it was
not already set.
.TP
.B PROMPT_COMMAND
.B "HISTORY EXPANSION"
below).
The first character is the \fIhistory expansion\fP character,
-the character which signals the start of a history
-expansion, normally
+the character which begins a history expansion, normally
.Q \fB!\fP .
-The second character is the \fIquick substitution\fP
-character, which is used as shorthand for re-running the previous
-command entered, substituting one string for another in the command,
-when it appears as the first character on the line.
-The default is
+The second character is the \fIquick substitution\fP character, normally
.Q \fB\*^\fP .
+When it appears as the first character on the line,
+history substitution repeats the previous command,
+replacing one string with another.
The optional third character is the character which indicates that
the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first character
of a word, normally
.Q \fB#\fP .
-The history comment character causes history substitution to be skipped
+The history comment character disables history substitution
for the remaining words on the line.
It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the
line as a comment.
.BR PARAMETERS )
when they appear as arguments to simple commands.
\fBBash\fP does not do this, except for the \fIdeclaration\fP commands listed
-above, when in \fIposix mode\fP.
+above, when in posix mode.
.SS Parameter Expansion
The
.Q \fB$\fP
it introduces a level of indirection.
\fBBash\fP uses the value formed by expanding the rest of
\fIparameter\fP as the new \fIparameter\fP;
-this new parameter is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of the expansion, rather
+this new parameter is then expanded and that value is used
+in the rest of the expansion, rather
than the expansion of the original \fIparameter\fP.
This is known as \fIindirect expansion\fP.
The value is subject to tilde expansion,
.B dotglob
is set.
In order to match the filenames
-.Q .\&
+.FN .\&
and
-.Q ..\& ,
+.FN ..\& ,
the pattern must begin with
.Q .\&
(for example,
If the
.B globskipdots
shell option is enabled, the filenames
-.Q .\&
+.FN .\&
and
-.Q ..\&
+.FN ..\&
never match, even if the pattern begins with a
.Q .\& .
When not matching pathnames, the
.B GLOBIGNORE
is performed without regard to case.
The filenames
-.Q .\&
+.FN .\&
and
-.Q ..\&
+.FN ..\&
are always ignored when
.SM
.B GLOBIGNORE
beginning with
.Q .\& ,
but
-.Q .\&
+.FN .\&
and
-.Q ..\&
+.FN ..\&
must be matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot;
when it is disabled, the set does not
include any filenames beginning with
If the
.B globskipdots
shell option is enabled, the filenames
-.Q .\&
+.FN .\&
and
-.Q ..\&
+.FN ..\&
never appear in the set.
As above,
.Q .\&
special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them
internally with this behavior:
If any \fIfile\fP argument to one of the primaries is of the form
-\fI/dev/fd/n\fP, then file descriptor \fIn\fP is checked.
+.FN /dev/fd/n ,
+then \fBbash\fP checks file descriptor \fIn\fP.
If the \fIfile\fP argument to one of the primaries is one of
-\fI/dev/stdin\fP, \fI/dev/stdout\fP, or \fI/dev/stderr\fP, file
-descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
+.FN \*/dev/stdin ,
+.FN \*/dev/stdout ,
+or
+.FN \*/dev/stderr ,
+\fBbash\fP checks file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively.
.PP
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic
links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link itself.
.PP
When used with \fB[[\fP,
-or when the shell is in \fIposix mode\fP,
+or when the shell is in posix mode,
the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort
lexicographically using the current locale.
-When the shell is not in \fIposix mode\fP,
+When the shell is not in posix mode,
the \fBtest\fP command sorts using ASCII ordering.
.PP
.PD 0
Changes made to the subshell environment
cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
.PP
-When the shell is in
-\fIposix mode\fP,
+When the shell is in posix mode,
subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
the \fB\-e\fP option from their parent shell.
-When not in \fIposix mode\fP,
+When not in posix mode,
\fBbash\fP clears the \fB\-e\fP option in such subshells.
See the
description of the \fBinherit_errexit\fP shell option below
for how to control this behavior when not in posix mode.
.PP
If a command is followed by a \fB&\fP and job control is not active, the
-default standard input for the command is the empty file \fI/dev/null\fP.
+default standard input for the command is the empty file
+.FN /dev/null .
Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling
shell as modified by redirections.
.SH ENVIRONMENT
builtin command
is enabled,
.B bash
-reports such changes immediately.
+reports status changes immediately.
\fBBash\fP executes any trap on
.SM
.B SIGCHLD
.B set
builtin.
.SS "Readline Notation"
-This section uses an emacs-style notation to denote keystrokes.
+This section uses Emacs-style editing concepts and uses its
+notation for keystrokes.
Control keys are denoted by C\-\fIkey\fP, e.g., C\-n means Control\-N.
Similarly,
.I meta
keys are denoted by M\-\fIkey\fP, so M\-x means Meta\-X.
+The Meta key is often labeled
+.Q Alt
+or
+.Q Option .
.PP
On keyboards without a
.I Meta
-key, M\-\fIx\fP means ESC \fIx\fP, i.e., press the Escape key
-then the
+key, M\-\fIx\fP means ESC \fIx\fP,
+i.e., press and release the Escape key,
+then press and release the
.I x
-key.
+key, in sequence.
This makes ESC the \fImeta prefix\fP.
-The combination M\-C\-\fIx\fP means ESC\-Control\-\fIx\fP,
-or press the Escape key
-then hold the Control key while pressing the
+The combination M\-C\-\fIx\fP means ESC\-Control\-\fIx\fP:
+press and release the Escape key,
+then press and hold the Control key while pressing the
.I x
-key.
+key, then release both.
.PP
-On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces meta characters with
-the eighth bit (0200) set (you can use the \fBenable\-meta\-key\fP variable
-to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it).
+On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with
+the eighth bit (0200) set.
+You can use the \fBenable\-meta\-key\fP variable
+to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it.
On many others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the metafied
key to a key sequence beginning with ESC as described in the
preceding paragraph.
.B "Readline Key Bindings"
below) do the same thing by setting the \fBforce\-meta\-prefix\fP variable.
.PP
-Readline commands may be given numeric
+.B Readline
+commands may be given numeric
.IR arguments ,
which normally act as a repeat count.
Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument that is significant.
Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted
below.
.PP
+The \fIpoint\fP is the current cursor position, and \fImark\fP refers
+to a saved cursor position.
+The text between the point and mark is referred to as the \fIregion\fP.
+\fBReadline\fP has the concept of an \fIactive region\fP:
+when the region is active, \fBreadline\fP redisplay
+highlights the region using the
+value of the \fBactive-region-start-color\fP variable.
+The \fBenable\-active\-region\fP variable turns this on and off.
+Several commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
+.PP
When a command is described as \fIkilling\fP text, the text
deleted is saved for possible future retrieval
(\fIyanking\fP).
Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text
on the kill ring.
.SS "Readline Initialization"
-Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization
+.B Readline
+is customized by putting commands in an initialization
file (the \fIinputrc\fP file).
The name of this file is taken from the value of the
.SM
.B INPUTRC
shell variable.
If that variable is unset, the default is
-.IR \*~/.inputrc .
-If that file does not exist or cannot be read, readline looks for
-.IR /etc/inputrc .
-When a program which uses the readline library starts up,
+.FN \*~/.inputrc .
+If that file does not exist or cannot be read, \fBreadline\fP looks for
+.FN /etc/inputrc .
+When a program which uses the \fBreadline\fP library starts up,
\fBreadline\fP reads the initialization file
and sets the key bindings and variables found there,
before reading any user input.
may be changed using key binding commands in the
.I inputrc
file.
-Programs that use the readline library, including \fBbash\fP,
+Programs that use the \fBreadline\fP library, including \fBbash\fP,
may add their own commands and bindings.
.PP
For example, placing
.LP
into the
.I inputrc
-would make M\-C\-u execute the readline command
+would make M\-C\-u execute the \fBreadline\fP command
.IR universal\-argument .
.PP
Key bindings may contain the following symbolic character names:
and
.IR TAB .
.PP
-In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound
+In addition to command names, \fBreadline\fP allows keys to be bound
to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a \fImacro\fP).
The difference between a macro and a command is that a macro is
enclosed in single or double quotes.
including \*" and \*'.
.PP
.B Bash
-will display or modify the current readline key bindings with the
+will display or modify the current \fBreadline\fP key bindings with the
.B bind
builtin command.
The
below)
will change the editing mode during interactive use.
.SS "Readline Variables"
-Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its
+\fBReadline\fP has variables that can be used to further customize its
behavior.
A variable may be set in the
.I inputrc
.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
below).
.PP
-Except where noted, readline variables can take the values
+Except where noted, \fBreadline\fP variables can take the values
.B On
or
.B Off
(without regard to case).
Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
-When readline reads a variable value, empty or null values,
+When \fBreadline\fP reads a variable value, empty or null values,
.Q "on"
(case-insensitive), and
.Q 1
All other values are equivalent to
\fBOff\fP.
.PP
-The \fBbind \-V\fP command lists the current readline variable names
+The \fBbind \-V\fP command lists the current \fBreadline\fP variable names
and values (see
.SM
.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
.Q \ee[0m .
.TP
.B bell\-style (audible)
-Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
-If set to \fBnone\fP, readline never rings the bell.
-If set to \fBvisible\fP, readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
-If set to \fBaudible\fP, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
+Controls what happens when \fBreadline\fP wants to ring the terminal bell.
+If set to \fBnone\fP, \fBreadline\fP never rings the bell.
+If set to \fBvisible\fP, \fBreadline\fP uses a visible bell if one is available.
+If set to \fBaudible\fP, \fBreadline\fP attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
.TP
.B bind\-tty\-special\-chars (On)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline attempts to bind
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP attempts to bind
the control characters that are treated specially by the kernel's
-terminal driver to their readline equivalents.
-These override the default readline bindings described here.
+terminal driver to their \fBreadline\fP equivalents.
+These override the default \fBreadline\fP bindings described here.
Type
.Q "stty \-a"
at a \fBbash\fP prompt to see your current terminal settings,
including the special control characters (usually \fBcchars\fP).
.TP
.B blink\-matching\-paren (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.
.TP
.B colored\-completion\-prefix (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, when listing completions, readline displays the
+If set to \fBOn\fP, when listing completions, \fBreadline\fP displays the
common prefix of the set of possible completions using a different color.
The color definitions are taken from the value of the \fBLS_COLORS\fP
environment variable.
If there is a color definition in \fB$LS_COLORS\fP for the custom suffix
-.Q readline-colored-completion-prefix ,
-readline uses this color for
+.Q .readline-colored-completion-prefix ,
+\fBreadline\fP uses this color for
the common prefix instead of its default.
.TP
.B colored\-stats (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline displays possible completions using different
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP displays possible completions using different
colors to indicate their file type.
The color definitions are taken from the value of the \fBLS_COLORS\fP
environment variable.
.TP
.BR comment\-begin\ ( \c
.Q \fB#\fP \fB)\fP
-The string that the readline
+The string that the \fBreadline\fP
.B insert\-comment
command inserts.
This command is bound to
The default value is \-1.
.TP
.B completion\-ignore\-case (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline performs filename matching and completion
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP performs filename matching and completion
in a case\-insensitive fashion.
.TP
.B completion\-map\-case (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, and \fBcompletion\-ignore\-case\fP is enabled, readline
+If set to \fBOn\fP, and \fBcompletion\-ignore\-case\fP is enabled,
+.B readline
treats hyphens (\fI\-\fP) and underscores (\fI_\fP) as equivalent when
performing case\-insensitive filename matching and completion.
.TP
The maximum
length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
completions that is displayed without modification.
-When set to a value greater than zero, readline
+When set to a value greater than zero, \fBreadline\fP
replaces common prefixes longer than this value
with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
.TP
It may be set to any integer value greater than or equal to zero.
If the number of possible completions is greater than
or equal to the value of this variable,
-readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them;
-otherwise readline simply lists them on the terminal.
-A zero value means readline should never ask; negative values are
+\fBreadline\fP will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them;
+otherwise \fBreadline\fP simply lists them on the terminal.
+A zero value means \fBreadline\fP should never ask; negative values are
treated as zero.
.TP
.B convert\-meta (On)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will convert characters it reads
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will convert characters it reads
that have the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by
clearing the eighth bit and prefixing it with an escape character
-(converting the character to have the \fImeta prefix\fP).
-The default is \fIOn\fP, but readline will set it to \fIOff\fP
+(converting the character to have the meta prefix).
+The default is \fIOn\fP, but \fBreadline\fP will set it to \fIOff\fP
if the locale contains
characters whose encodings may include bytes with the eighth bit set.
This variable is dependent on the \fBLC_CTYPE\fP locale category, and
\fBforce\-meta\-prefix\fP below.
.TP
.B disable\-completion (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will inhibit word completion.
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will inhibit word completion.
Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they
had been mapped to \fBself-insert\fP.
.TP
.B echo\-control\-characters (On)
When set to \fBOn\fP, on operating systems that indicate they support it,
-readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal generated from the
+\fBreadline\fP echoes a character corresponding to a signal generated from the
keyboard.
.TP
.B editing\-mode (emacs)
-Controls whether readline uses a set of key bindings similar
+Controls whether \fBreadline\fP uses a set of key bindings similar
to \fIEmacs\fP or \fIvi\fP.
.B editing\-mode
can be set to either
sequence into the mode string.
.TP
.B enable\-active\-region (On)
-The \fIpoint\fP is the current cursor position, and \fImark\fP refers
-to a saved cursor position.
-The text between the point and mark is referred to as the \fIregion\fP.
-When this variable is set to \fIOn\fP, readline allows certain commands
+When this variable is set to \fIOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP allows certain commands
to designate the region as \fIactive\fP.
-When the region is active, readline highlights the text in the region using
+When the region is active, \fBreadline\fP highlights
+the text in the region using
the value of the \fBactive\-region\-start\-color\fP, which defaults to the
string that enables the terminal's standout mode.
The active region shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any
matching text found by incremental and non-incremental history searches.
.TP
.B enable\-bracketed\-paste (On)
-When set to \fBOn\fP, readline configures the terminal to insert each
+When set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP configures the terminal to insert each
paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, instead
of treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard.
This is called \fIbracketed\-paste mode\fP;
-it prevents readline from executing any editing commands bound to key
+it prevents \fBreadline\fP from executing any editing commands bound to key
sequences appearing in the pasted text.
.TP
.B enable\-keypad (Off)
-When set to \fBOn\fP, readline will try to enable the application
+When set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will try to enable the application
keypad when it is called.
Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys.
.TP
.B enable\-meta\-key (On)
-When set to \fBOn\fP, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
+When set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will try to enable any meta modifier
key the terminal claims to support.
On many terminals, the Meta key is used to send eight-bit characters;
this variable checks for the terminal capability that indicates the
typed (a meta character).
.TP
.B expand\-tilde (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline performs tilde expansion when it
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP performs tilde expansion when it
attempts word completion.
.TP
.B force\-meta\-prefix (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline modifies its behavior when binding key
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP modifies its behavior when binding key
sequences containing \eM- or Meta-
(see \fBKey Bindings\fP above) by converting a key sequence of the form
\eM\-\fIC\fP or Meta\-\fIC\fP to the two-character sequence
-\fBESC\fP\fIC\fP (adding the \fImeta prefix\fP).
+\fBESC\fP \fIC\fP (adding the meta prefix).
If
.B force\-meta\-prefix
is set to \fBOff\fP (the default),
-readline uses the value of the
+\fBreadline\fP uses the value of the
.B convert\-meta
variable to determine whether to perform this conversion:
if \fBconvert\-meta\fP is \fBOn\fP,
-readline performs the conversion described above;
-if it is \fBOff\fP, readline converts \fIC\fP to a meta character by
+\fBreadline\fP performs the conversion described above;
+if it is \fBOff\fP, \fBreadline\fP converts \fIC\fP to a meta character by
setting the eighth bit (0200).
.TP
.B history\-preserve\-point (Off)
the maximum number of history entries to 500.
.TP
.B horizontal\-scroll\-mode (Off)
-Setting this variable to \fBOn\fP makes readline use a single line
+Setting this variable to \fBOn\fP makes \fBreadline\fP use a single line
for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line
when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to
a new line.
This setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.
.TP
.B input\-meta (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads),
regardless of what the terminal claims it can support.
-The default is \fIOff\fP, but readline will set it to \fIOn\fP
+The default is \fIOff\fP, but \fBreadline\fP will set it to \fIOn\fP
if the locale contains characters whose encodings may include bytes
with the eighth bit set.
This variable is dependent on the \fBLC_CTYPE\fP locale category, and
\fIESC\fP and \fIC\-J\fP will terminate an incremental search.
.TP
.B keymap (emacs)
-Set the current readline keymap.
+Set the current \fBreadline\fP keymap.
The set of valid keymap names is
\fIemacs, emacs\-standard, emacs\-meta, emacs\-ctlx, vi,
vi\-command\fP, and
also affects the default keymap.
.TP
.B keyseq\-timeout (500)
-Specifies the duration \fIreadline\fP will wait for a character when
+Specifies the duration \fBreadline\fP will wait for a character when
reading an ambiguous key sequence
(one that can form a complete key sequence using the input read so far,
or can take additional input to complete a longer key sequence).
-If readline does not receive any input within the timeout, it will use the
-shorter but complete key sequence.
+If \fBreadline\fP does not receive any input within the timeout,
+it will use the shorter but complete key sequence.
The value is specified in milliseconds, so a value of 1000 means that
-readline will wait one second for additional input.
+\fBreadline\fP will wait one second for additional input.
If this variable is set to a value less than or equal to zero, or to a
-non-numeric value, readline will wait until another key is pressed to
+non-numeric value, \fBreadline\fP will wait until another key is pressed to
decide which key sequence to complete.
.TP
.B mark\-directories (On)
If set to \fBOn\fP, completed directory names have a slash appended.
.TP
.B mark\-modified\-lines (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline displays history lines that have been modified
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP displays history lines
+that have been modified
with a preceding asterisk (\fB*\fP).
.TP
.B mark\-symlinked\-directories (Off)
have a slash appended, subject to the value of \fBmark\-directories\fP.
.TP
.B match\-hidden\-files (On)
-This variable, when set to \fBOn\fP, forces readline to match files whose
+This variable, when set to \fBOn\fP, forces \fBreadline\fP to match files whose
names begin with a
.Q .
(hidden files) when performing filename completion.
the list.
.TP
.B output\-meta (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will display characters with the
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will display characters with the
eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
sequence.
-The default is \fIOff\fP, but readline will set it to \fIOn\fP
+The default is \fIOff\fP, but \fBreadline\fP will set it to \fIOn\fP
if the locale contains characters whose encodings may include
bytes with the eighth bit set.
This variable is dependent on the \fBLC_CTYPE\fP locale category, and
its value may change if the locale changes.
.TP
.B page\-completions (On)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline uses an internal \fImore\fP-like pager
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP uses an internal \fImore\fP-like pager
to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
.TP
.B prefer\-visible\-bell
See \fBbell\-style\fP.
.TP
.B print\-completions\-horizontally (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will display completions with matches
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will display completions with matches
sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen.
.TP
.B revert\-all\-at\-newline (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when executing \fBaccept\-line\fP.
By default,
history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across
calls to \fBreadline\fP.
.TP
.B search\-ignore\-case (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline performs incremental and non-incremental
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP performs incremental and non-incremental
history list searches in a case\-insensitive fashion.
.TP
.B show\-all\-if\-ambiguous (Off)
If set to \fBOn\fP, this alters the default completion behavior when
inserting a single match into the line.
It's only active when performing completion in the middle of a word.
-If enabled, readline does not insert characters from the completion
+If enabled, \fBreadline\fP does not insert characters from the completion
that match characters after point in the word being completed,
so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
.TP
completions.
.PD
.SS "Readline Conditional Constructs"
-Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+.B Readline
+implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key
bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result
of tests.
.B $if
construct allows bindings to be made based on the
editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
-readline.
+\fBreadline\fP.
The text of the test, after any comparison operator,
extends to the end of the line;
unless otherwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.
.TP
.B mode
The \fBmode=\fP form of the \fB$if\fP directive is used to test
-whether readline is in emacs or vi mode.
+whether \fBreadline\fP is in emacs or vi mode.
This may be used in conjunction
with the \fBset keymap\fP command, for instance, to set bindings in
the \fIemacs\-standard\fP and \fIemacs\-ctlx\fP keymaps only if
-readline is starting out in emacs mode.
+\fBreadline\fP is starting out in emacs mode.
.TP
.B term
The \fBterm=\fP form may be used to include terminal-specific
.TP
.B version
The \fBversion\fP test may be used to perform comparisons against
-specific readline versions.
-The \fBversion\fP expands to the current readline version.
+specific \fBreadline\fP versions.
+The \fBversion\fP expands to the current \fBreadline\fP version.
The set of comparison operators includes
.BR = ,
(and
.I application
The \fIapplication\fP construct is used to include
application-specific settings.
-Each program using the readline
+Each program using the \fBreadline\fP
library sets the \fIapplication name\fP, and an initialization
file can test for a particular value.
This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for
.RE
.TP
.I variable
-The \fIvariable\fP construct provides simple equality tests for readline
+The \fIvariable\fP construct provides simple equality tests for \fBreadline\fP
variables and values.
The permitted comparison operators are \fI=\fP, \fI==\fP, and \fI!=\fP.
The variable name must be separated from the comparison operator by
.B $include
This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands
and key bindings from that file.
-For example, the following directive would read \fI/etc/inputrc\fP:
+For example, the following directive would read
+.FN /etc/inputrc :
.PP
.RS
.nf
.fi
.RE
.SS Searching
-Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
-(see
+.B Readline
+provides commands for searching through the command history (see
.SM
.B HISTORY
below)
.PP
Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
search string.
-As each character of the search string is typed, readline displays
+As each character of the search string is typed, \fBreadline\fP displays
the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far.
An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to
find the desired history entry.
\fBC\-s\fP as appropriate.
This will search backward or forward in the history for the next
entry matching the search string typed so far.
-Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate
+Any other key sequence bound to a \fBreadline\fP command will terminate
the search and execute that command.
For instance, a newline will terminate the search and accept
the line, thereby executing the command from the history list.
A movement command will terminate the search, make the last line found
the current line, and begin editing.
.PP
-Readline remembers the last incremental search string.
+.B Readline
+remembers the last incremental search string.
If two \fBC\-r\fPs are typed without any intervening characters defining
-a new search string, readline uses any remembered search string.
+a new search string, \fBreadline\fP uses any remembered search string.
.PP
Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
to search for matching history entries.
position, and \fImark\fP refers to a cursor position saved by the
\fBset\-mark\fP command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the \fIregion\fP.
-Readline has the concept of an \fIactive region\fP:
-when the region is active, readline redisplay uses the
+.B Readline
+has the concept of an \fIactive region\fP:
+when the region is active, \fBreadline\fP redisplay uses the
value of the \fBactive\-region\-start\-color variable
to denote the region.
Several commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the previous
physical screen line.
This will not have the desired effect if the current
-readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if point is not
-greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
+\fBreadline\fP line does not take up more than one physical line or if
+point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
.TP
.B next\-screen\-line
Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the next
physical screen line.
This will not have the desired effect if the current
-readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if the length
-of the current readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt
+\fBreadline\fP line does not take up more than one physical line or if
+the length of the current \fBreadline\fP line is
+not greater than the length of the prompt
plus the screen width.
.TP
.B clear\-display (M\-C\-l)
The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
.IR stty (1).
If this character is read when there are no characters
-on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, readline
+on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, \fBreadline\fP
interprets it as the end of input and returns
.SM
.BR EOF .
.Q "bracketed paste"
escape
sequence sent by some terminals, and such a binding is assigned by default.
-It allows readline to insert the pasted text as a single unit without treating
-each character as if it had been read from the keyboard.
+It allows \fBreadline\fP to insert the pasted text as a single unit
+without treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard.
The pasted characters
are inserted as if each one was bound to \fBself\-insert\fP instead of
executing any editing commands.
.TP
.B possible\-completions (M\-?)
List the possible completions of the text before point.
-When displaying completions, readline sets the number of columns used
+When displaying completions, \fBreadline\fP sets the number of columns used
for display to the value of \fBcompletion-display-width\fP, the value of
the shell variable
.SM
If this sequence is bound to
.Q \ee[ ,
keys producing CSI sequences will have no effect
-unless explicitly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting
+unless explicitly bound to a \fBreadline\fP command, instead of inserting
stray characters into the editing buffer.
This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC\-[.
.TP
.B insert\-comment (M\-#)
-Without a numeric argument, insert the value of the readline
+Without a numeric argument, insert the value of the \fBreadline\fP
.B comment\-begin
variable at the beginning of the current line.
If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if
.TP
.B dump\-functions
Print all of the functions and their key bindings
-to the readline output stream.
+to the \fBreadline\fP output stream.
If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an \fIinputrc\fP file.
.TP
.B dump\-variables
-Print all of the settable readline variables and their values
-to the readline output stream.
+Print all of the settable \fBreadline\fP variables and their values
+to the \fBreadline\fP output stream.
If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an \fIinputrc\fP file.
.TP
.B dump\-macros
-Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+Print all of the \fBreadline\fP key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output
-to the readline output stream.
+to the \fBreadline\fP output stream.
If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an \fIinputrc\fP file.
.TP
.B execute\-named\-command (M-x)
-Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute the
+Read a bindable \fBreadline\fP command name from the input and execute the
function to which it's bound, as if the key sequence to which it was
bound appeared in the input.
If this function is supplied with a numeric argument, it passes that
\fBbash\fP attempts its default completions.
If the \fB\-o default\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when the
compspec was defined, programmable completion will perform
-readline's default completion
+\fBreadline\fP's default completion
if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default \fBbash\fP completions)
generate no matches.
.PP
When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
-the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
+the programmable completion functions force \fBreadline\fP to append a slash
to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
-the value of the \fBmark\-directories\fP readline variable, regardless
-of the setting of the \fBmark-symlinked\-directories\fP readline variable.
+the value of the \fBmark\-directories\fP \fBreadline\fP variable, regardless
+of the setting of the \fBmark-symlinked\-directories\fP \fBreadline\fP variable.
.PP
There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.
This is most useful when used in combination with a default completion
the file named by the
.SM
.B HISTFILE
-variable (default \fI\*~/.bash_history\fP).
+variable (default
+.FN \*~/.bash_history ).
That file is referred to as the \fIhistory file\fP.
The history file is truncated, if necessary,
to contain no more than the number of history entries
to find the directory containing
.IR filename .
\fIfilename\fP does not need to be executable.
-When \fBbash\fP is not in \fIposix mode\fP, it searches
+When \fBbash\fP is not in posix mode, it searches
the current directory if \fIfilename\fP is not found in
.SM
.BR PATH ,
\fBalias\fP [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] .\|.\|.]
With no arguments or with the
.B \-p
-option,\fBalias\fP prints the list of aliases in the form
+option, \fBalias\fP prints the list of aliases in the form
\fBalias\fP \fIname\fP=\fIvalue\fP on standard output.
When arguments are supplied, define an alias for
each \fIname\fP whose \fIvalue\fP is given.
used as an argument to a subsequent
\fBbind\fP command or in a \fBreadline\fP initialization file.
If arguments remain after option processing, \fBbind\fP treats
-them as readline command names and restricts output to those names.
+them as \fBreadline\fP command names and restricts output to those names.
.TP
.B \-P
List current \fBreadline\fP function names and bindings.
If arguments remain after option processing, \fBbind\fP treats
-them as readline command names and restricts output to those names.
+them as \fBreadline\fP command names and restricts output to those names.
.TP
.B \-s
Display \fBreadline\fP key sequences bound to macros and the strings
.B \-X
List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands
in a format that can be reused as
-an argument to a subsequent @code{bind} command.
+an argument to a subsequent \fBbind\fP command.
.PD
.PP
The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is supplied or an
call or \fIexpr\fP does not correspond to a valid position in the
call stack.
.TP
-\fBcd\fP [\fB\-L\fP|[\fB\-P\fP [\fB\-e\fP]]] [\-@] [\fIdir\fP]
+.PD 0
+\fBcd\fP [\fB\-L\fP] [\-@] [\fIdir\fP]
+.TP
+\fBcd\fP \fB\-P\fP [\fB\-e\fP] [\-@] [\fIdir\fP]
+.PD
Change the current directory to \fIdir\fP.
if \fIdir\fP is not supplied, the value of the
.SM
The variable
.SM
.B CDPATH
-exists, \fBcd\fP uses it as a search path:
+exists,
+and \fIdir\fP does not begin with a slash (/),
+\fBcd\fP uses it as a search path:
the shell searches each directory name in
.SM
.B CDPATH
.B CDPATH
is the same as the current directory, i.e.,
.Q .\& .
-If
-.I dir
-begins with a slash (/),
-then
-.SM
-.B CDPATH
-is not used.
.IP
The
.B \-P
option causes \fBcd\fP to use the physical directory structure
by resolving symbolic links while traversing \fIdir\fP and
-before processing instances of \fI..\fP in \fIdir\fP (see also the
+before processing instances of
+.FN .\|.\&
+in \fIdir\fP (see also the
.B \-P
option to the
.B set
.IP
The
.B \-L
-option forces symbolic links to be followed by resolving the link
-after processing instances of \fI..\fP in \fIdir\fP.
-If \fI..\fP appears in \fIdir\fP, it is processed by removing the
+option forces \fBcd\fP to follow symbolic links by resolving the link
+after processing instances of
+.FN .\|.\&
+in \fIdir\fP.
+If
+.FN .\|.\&
+appears in \fIdir\fP, \fBcd\fP processes it by removing the
immediately previous pathname component from \fIdir\fP, back to a slash
-or the beginning of \fIdir\fP.
+or the beginning of \fIdir\fP,
+and verifying that the portion of \fIdir\fP it has processed to
+that point is still a valid directory name after removing the pathname
+component.
+If it is not a valid directory name, \fBcd\fP returns a non-zero status.
+If neither
+.B \-L
+nor
+.B \-P
+is supplied,
+.B cd
+behaves as if
+.B \-L
+had been supplied.
.IP
If the
.B \-e
option is supplied with
.BR \-P ,
-and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
-after a successful directory change, \fBcd\fP will return a non-zero
-status.
+and \fBcd\fP cannot successfully determine the current working directory
+after a successful directory change, it will return a non-zero status.
.IP
On systems that support it, the \fB\-@\fP option presents the extended
attributes associated with a file as a directory.
.ie \n(zZ=1 in \fIbash\fP(1))
.el above)
to obtain the line.
-Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously
-active) editing settings, but uses readline's default filename completion.
+\fBReadline\fP uses the current
+(or default, if line editing was not previously active)
+editing settings, but uses \fBreadline\fP's default filename completion.
.TP
.B \-E
If the standard input is coming from a terminal,
.ie \n(zZ=1 in \fIbash\fP(1))
.el above)
to obtain the line.
-Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously
+.B Readline
+uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously
active) editing settings, but uses bash's default completion, including
programmable completion.
.TP
in a format that can be reused as input
for setting or resetting the currently-set variables.
Read-only variables cannot be reset.
-In \fIposix mode\fP, only shell variables are listed.
+In posix mode, only shell variables are listed.
The output is sorted according to the current locale.
When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes.
Any arguments remaining after option processing are treated
.QN "IGNOREEOF=10"
had been executed
(see
-.B "Shell Variables"<
+.B "Shell Variables"
.ie \n(zZ=1 in \fIbash\fP(1)).
.el above).
.TP 8
.B bash
replaces directory names with the results of word expansion when performing
filename completion.
-This changes the contents of the readline editing buffer.
+This changes the contents of the \fBreadline\fP editing buffer.
If not set,
.B bash
attempts to preserve what the user typed.
.Q .\&
in the results of pathname expansion.
The filenames
-.Q .\&
+.FN .\&
and
-.Q ..\&
+.FN ..\&
must always be matched explicitly, even if
.B dotglob
is set.
cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
the ignored words are the only possible completions.
See
-.SM
-\fBSHELL VARIABLES\fP
+.B "Shell Variables"
.ie \n(zZ=1 in \fIbash\fP(1)
.el above
for a description of
.TP 8
.B globskipdots
If set, pathname expansion will never match the filenames
-.Q .\&
+.FN .\&
and
-.Q ..\& ,
+.FN ..\& ,
even if the pattern begins with a
.Q .\& .
This option is enabled by default.
.B inherit_errexit
If set, command substitution inherits the value of the \fBerrexit\fP option,
instead of unsetting it in the subshell environment.
-This option is enabled when \fIposix mode\fP is enabled.
+This option is enabled when posix mode is enabled.
.TP 8
.B interactive_comments
In an interactive shell, a word beginning with \fB#\fP
using the rules listed above.
.PD
.PP
-When the shell is in \fIposix mode\fP, or if the expression is part
+When the shell is in posix mode, or if the expression is part
of the \fB[[\fP command,
the \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP operators sort using the
current locale.
-If the shell is not in \fIposix mode\fP, the \fBtest\fP and \fB[\fP
+If the shell is not in posix mode, the \fBtest\fP and \fB[\fP
commands sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering.
.PP
The historical operator-precedence parsing with 4 or more arguments can
\fIThe Gnu History Library\fP, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
.TP
\fIPortable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Part 2: Shell and Utilities\fP, IEEE \(em
-http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/
+http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/
.TP
http://tiswww.case.edu/\*~chet/bash/POSIX \(em a description of posix mode
.TP
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2024 October 14<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2024 October 15<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<DD>
Equivalent to <B>-D</B>, but the output is in the GNU <I>gettext</I>
-<B>po</B> (portable object) file format.
+
+(portable object) file format.
<DT><B>--dump-strings</B>
<DD>
<I>file</I>
instead of the standard personal initialization file
+
<A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>
if the shell is interactive (see
<A HREF="file:/etc/profile"><I>/etc/profile</I></A>
or any of the personal initialization files
+
<A HREF="file:~/.bash_profile"><I>~/.bash_profile</I></A>,
+
<A HREF="file:~/.bash_login"><I>~/.bash_login</I></A>,
or
+
<A HREF="file:~/.profile"><I>~/.profile</I></A>.
By default,
<DD>
Do not read and execute the personal initialization file
+
<A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>
if the shell is interactive.
</FONT>
below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects
-bash's behavior.
+<B>Bash</B>'s behavior.
<DT><B>--restricted</B>
<DD>
is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell
with the <B>--login</B> option, it first reads and
-executes commands from the file <A HREF="file:/etc/profile"><I>/etc/profile</I></A>, if that
-file exists.
-After reading that file, it looks for <A HREF="file:~/.bash_profile"><I>~/.bash_profile</I></A>,
-<A HREF="file:~/.bash_login"><I>~/.bash_login</I></A>, and <A HREF="file:~/.profile"><I>~/.profile</I></A>, in that order, and reads
+executes commands from the file
+
+<A HREF="file:/etc/profile"><I>/etc/profile</I></A>,
+
+if that file exists.
+After reading that file, it looks for
+
+<A HREF="file:~/.bash_profile"><I>~/.bash_profile</I></A>,
+
+
+<A HREF="file:~/.bash_login"><I>~/.bash_login</I></A>,
+
+and
+
+<A HREF="file:~/.profile"><I>~/.profile</I></A>,
+
+in that order, and reads
and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.
The
<B>--noprofile</B>
or a non-interactive login shell executes the <B>exit</B> builtin command,
<B>bash</B>
-reads and executes commands from the file <A HREF="file:~/.bash_logout"><I>~/.bash_logout</I></A>, if it
-exists.
+reads and executes commands from the file
+
+<A HREF="file:~/.bash_logout"><I>~/.bash_logout</I></A>,
+
+if it exists.
<P>
When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started,
<B>bash</B>
-reads and executes commands from <A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>, if that file exists.
+reads and executes commands from
+
+<A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>,
+
+if that file exists.
This may be inhibited by using the
<B>--norc</B>
The <B>--rcfile</B> <I>file</I> option causes
<B>bash</B>
-to use <I>file</I> instead of <A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>.
+to use <I>file</I> instead of
+
+<A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>.
+
<P>
When
When invoked as an interactive login shell, or a non-interactive
shell with the <B>--login</B> option, it first attempts to
read and execute commands from
+
<A HREF="file:/etc/profile"><I>/etc/profile</I></A>
and
+
<A HREF="file:~/.profile"><I>~/.profile</I></A>,
in that order.
The
<B>--noprofile</B>
-option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
+option will inhibit this behavior.
When invoked as an interactive shell with the name
<B>sh</B>,
<B>bash</B>
-enters
-<I>posix</I>
-
-mode after the startup files are read.
+enters posix mode after reading the startup files.
<P>
When
<B>bash</B>
-is started in
-<I>posix</I>
-
-mode, as with the
+is started in posix mode, as with the
<B>--posix</B>
command line option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files.
<B>bash</B>
determines it is being run non-interactively in this fashion,
-it reads and executes commands from <A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>,
+it reads and executes commands from
+
+<A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>,
+
if that file exists and is readable.
It will not do this if invoked as <B>sh</B>.
The
<B>--norc</B>
-option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
+option will inhibit this behavior, and the
<B>--rcfile</B>
option will make <B>bash</B> use a different file instead of
-<A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>, but neither
+
+<A HREF="file:~/.bashrc"><I>~/.bashrc</I></A>,
+
+but neither
<I>rshd</I> nor <I>sshd</I> generally invoke the shell with those options
or allow them to be specified.
<P>
elapsed as well as user and system time consumed by its execution
when the pipeline terminates.
The <B>-p</B> option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX.
-When the shell is in <I>posix mode</I>, it does not recognize
+When the shell is in posix mode, it does not recognize
<B>time</B> as a reserved word if the next token begins with a
The value of the
<P>
-When the shell is in <I>posix mode</I>, <B>time</B>
+When the shell is in posix mode, <B>time</B>
may appear by itself as the only word in a simple command.
In this case, the shell displays the
total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.
parentheses are not supplied, the braces are recommended.
<I>compound-command</I> is executed whenever <I>fname</I> is specified as the
name of a simple command.
-When in <I>posix mode</I>, <I>fname</I> must be a valid shell <I>name</I>
+When in posix mode, <I>fname</I> must be a valid shell <I>name</I>
and may not be the name of one of the POSIX <I>special builtins</I>.
In default mode, a function name can be any unquoted shell word that does
not contain <B>$</B>.
and, when history expansion is enabled,
<B>!</B>.
-When the shell is in <I>posix mode</I>,
+When the shell is in posix mode,
the <B>!</B> has no special meaning
within double quotes, even when history expansion is enabled.
The characters
<B>local</B>
builtin commands (<I>declaration</I> commands).
-When in <I>posix mode</I>, these builtins may appear in a command after
+When in posix mode, these builtins may appear in a command after
one or more instances of the <B>command</B> builtin and retain these
assignment statement properties.
<P>
since the Unix Epoch (see
<I>time</I>(3))
-as a floating point value with micro-second granularity.
+as a floating-point value with micro-second granularity.
Assignments to
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EPOCHREALTIME</B>
<DT><B>READLINE_ARGUMENT</B>
<DD>
-Any numeric argument given to a readline command that was defined using
+Any numeric argument given to a <B>readline</B> command that was defined using
(see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
</FONT>
(see <B>INVOCATION</B> above)
-when an interactive shell is invoked in <I>posix mode</I>.
+when an interactive shell is invoked in posix mode.
<DT><B>EXECIGNORE</B>
<DD>
The value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort order for
the results of pathname expansion.
If this variable is unset or set to the null string, pathname expansion
-uses the historical behavior of sorting by name.
+uses the historical behavior of sorting by name,
+in ascending lexicographic order as determined by the
+<B>LC_COLLATE</B>
+
+shell variable.
<DT><DD>
If set, a valid value begins with an optional <I>+</I>, which is ignored,
or <I>-</I>, which reverses the sort order from ascending to descending,
order by modification time (newest first).
<DT><DD>
The <I>numeric</I> specifier treats names consisting solely of digits as
-numbers and sorts them using the numeric value (so "2" will sort before
-"10", for example).
+numbers and sorts them using their numeric value (so
+
+will sort before
+
+for example).
When using <I>numeric</I>, names containing non-digits sort after all
the all-digit names and are sorted by name using the traditional behavior.
<DT><DD>
-A sort specifier of <I>nosort</I> disables sorting completely; the results
-are returned in the order they are read from the file system,
-and any leading <I>+</I> or <I>-</I> is ignored.
+A sort specifier of <I>nosort</I> disables sorting completely;
+<B>bash</B>
+
+returns the results
+in the order they are read from the file system,
+ignoring any leading <I>-</I>.
<DT><DD>
If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to <I>name</I>,
so a value of <I>+</I> is equivalent to the null string,
</FONT>
below).
-<B>Bash</B> assigns a default value of <A HREF="file:~/.bash_history"><I>~/.bash_history</I></A>.
+<B>Bash</B> assigns a default value of
+
+<A HREF="file:~/.bash_history"><I>~/.bash_history</I></A>.
+
If <B>HISTFILE</B> is unset or null,
the shell does not save the command history when it exits.
<DT><B>HISTFILESIZE</B>
<DD>
If this variable is in the environment when <B>bash</B> starts, the shell
-enters <I>posix mode</I> before reading the startup files, as if the
+enters posix mode before reading the startup files, as if the
<B>--posix</B>
invocation option had been supplied. If it is set while the shell is
-running, <B>bash</B> enables <I>posix mode</I>, as if the command
+running, <B>bash</B> enables posix mode, as if the command
had been executed.
-When the shell enters <I>posix mode</I>, it sets this variable if it was
+When the shell enters posix mode, it sets this variable if it was
not already set.
<DT><B>PROMPT_COMMAND</B>
</FONT>
below).
The first character is the <I>history expansion</I> character,
-the character which signals the start of a history
-expansion, normally
+the character which begins a history expansion, normally
-The second character is the <I>quick substitution</I>
-character, which is used as shorthand for re-running the previous
-command entered, substituting one string for another in the command,
-when it appears as the first character on the line.
-The default is
+The second character is the <I>quick substitution</I> character, normally
+When it appears as the first character on the line,
+history substitution repeats the previous command,
+replacing one string with another.
The optional third character is the character which indicates that
the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first character
of a word, normally
-The history comment character causes history substitution to be skipped
+The history comment character disables history substitution
for the remaining words on the line.
It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the
line as a comment.
</FONT>
when they appear as arguments to simple commands.
<B>Bash</B> does not do this, except for the <I>declaration</I> commands listed
-above, when in <I>posix mode</I>.
+above, when in posix mode.
<A NAME="lbBC"> </A>
<H4>Parameter Expansion</H4>
it introduces a level of indirection.
<B>Bash</B> uses the value formed by expanding the rest of
<I>parameter</I> as the new <I>parameter</I>;
-this new parameter is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of the expansion, rather
+this new parameter is then expanded and that value is used
+in the rest of the expansion, rather
than the expansion of the original <I>parameter</I>.
This is known as <I>indirect expansion</I>.
The value is subject to tilde expansion,
is set.
In order to match the filenames
+<I>.</I>
+
and
+<I>..</I>,
+
the pattern must begin with
(for example,
shell option is enabled, the filenames
+<I>.</I>
+
and
+<I>..</I>
+
never match, even if the pattern begins with a
When not matching pathnames, the
is performed without regard to case.
The filenames
+<I>.</I>
+
and
+<I>..</I>
+
are always ignored when
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
but
+<I>.</I>
+
and
+<I>..</I>
+
must be matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot;
when it is disabled, the set does not
include any filenames beginning with
shell option is enabled, the filenames
+<I>.</I>
+
and
+<I>..</I>
+
never appear in the set.
As above,
special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them
internally with this behavior:
If any <I>file</I> argument to one of the primaries is of the form
-<I>/dev/fd/n</I>, then file descriptor <I>n</I> is checked.
+
+<I>/dev/fd/n</I>,
+
+then <B>bash</B> checks file descriptor <I>n</I>.
If the <I>file</I> argument to one of the primaries is one of
-<I>/dev/stdin</I>, <I>/dev/stdout</I>, or <I>/dev/stderr</I>, file
-descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
+
+<I>dev/stdin</I>,
+
+
+<I>dev/stdout</I>,
+
+or
+
+<I>dev/stderr</I>,
+
+<B>bash</B> checks file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively.
<P>
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow symbolic
<P>
When used with <B>[[</B>,
-or when the shell is in <I>posix mode</I>,
+or when the shell is in posix mode,
the <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators sort
lexicographically using the current locale.
-When the shell is not in <I>posix mode</I>,
+When the shell is not in posix mode,
the <B>test</B> command sorts using ASCII ordering.
<P>
cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
<P>
-When the shell is in
-<I>posix mode</I>,
+When the shell is in posix mode,
subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
the <B>-e</B> option from their parent shell.
-When not in <I>posix mode</I>,
+When not in posix mode,
<B>bash</B> clears the <B>-e</B> option in such subshells.
See the
description of the <B>inherit_errexit</B> shell option below
<P>
If a command is followed by a <B>&</B> and job control is not active, the
-default standard input for the command is the empty file <I>/dev/null</I>.
+default standard input for the command is the empty file
+
+<I>/dev/null</I>.
+
Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling
shell as modified by redirections.
<A NAME="lbCB"> </A>
is enabled,
<B>bash</B>
-reports such changes immediately.
+reports status changes immediately.
<B>Bash</B> executes any trap on
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SIGCHLD</B>
<A NAME="lbCH"> </A>
<H4>Readline Notation</H4>
-This section uses an emacs-style notation to denote keystrokes.
+This section uses Emacs-style editing concepts and uses its
+notation for keystrokes.
Control keys are denoted by C-<I>key</I>, e.g., C-n means Control-N.
Similarly,
<I>meta</I>
keys are denoted by M-<I>key</I>, so M-x means Meta-X.
+The Meta key is often labeled
+
+or
+
<P>
On keyboards without a
<I>Meta</I>
-key, M-<I>x</I> means ESC <I>x</I>, i.e., press the Escape key
-then the
+key, M-<I>x</I> means ESC <I>x</I>,
+i.e., press and release the Escape key,
+then press and release the
<I>x</I>
-key.
+key, in sequence.
This makes ESC the <I>meta prefix</I>.
-The combination M-C-<I>x</I> means ESC-Control-<I>x</I>,
-or press the Escape key
-then hold the Control key while pressing the
+The combination M-C-<I>x</I> means ESC-Control-<I>x</I>:
+press and release the Escape key,
+then press and hold the Control key while pressing the
<I>x</I>
-key.
+key, then release both.
<P>
-On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces meta characters with
-the eighth bit (0200) set (you can use the <B>enable-meta-key</B> variable
-to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it).
+On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with
+the eighth bit (0200) set.
+You can use the <B>enable-meta-key</B> variable
+to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it.
On many others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the metafied
key to a key sequence beginning with ESC as described in the
preceding paragraph.
below) do the same thing by setting the <B>force-meta-prefix</B> variable.
<P>
-Readline commands may be given numeric
+<B>Readline</B>
+
+commands may be given numeric
<I>arguments</I>,
which normally act as a repeat count.
below.
<P>
+The <I>point</I> is the current cursor position, and <I>mark</I> refers
+to a saved cursor position.
+The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <I>region</I>.
+<B>Readline</B> has the concept of an <I>active region</I>:
+when the region is active, <B>readline</B> redisplay
+highlights the region using the
+value of the <B>active-region-start-color</B> variable.
+The <B>enable-active-region</B> variable turns this on and off.
+Several commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
+<P>
+
When a command is described as <I>killing</I> text, the text
deleted is saved for possible future retrieval
(<I>yanking</I>).
<A NAME="lbCI"> </A>
<H4>Readline Initialization</H4>
-Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization
+<B>Readline</B>
+
+is customized by putting commands in an initialization
file (the <I>inputrc</I> file).
The name of this file is taken from the value of the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>INPUTRC</B>
</FONT>
shell variable.
If that variable is unset, the default is
+
<A HREF="file:~/.inputrc"><I>~/.inputrc</I></A>.
-If that file does not exist or cannot be read, readline looks for
+If that file does not exist or cannot be read, <B>readline</B> looks for
+
<A HREF="file:/etc/inputrc"><I>/etc/inputrc</I></A>.
-When a program which uses the readline library starts up,
+When a program which uses the <B>readline</B> library starts up,
<B>readline</B> reads the initialization file
and sets the key bindings and variables found there,
before reading any user input.
<I>inputrc</I>
file.
-Programs that use the readline library, including <B>bash</B>,
+Programs that use the <B>readline</B> library, including <B>bash</B>,
may add their own commands and bindings.
<P>
into the
<I>inputrc</I>
-would make M-C-u execute the readline command
+would make M-C-u execute the <B>readline</B> command
<I>universal-argument</I>.
<P>
<P>
-In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound
+In addition to command names, <B>readline</B> allows keys to be bound
to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a <I>macro</I>).
The difference between a macro and a command is that a macro is
enclosed in single or double quotes.
<B>Bash</B>
-will display or modify the current readline key bindings with the
+will display or modify the current <B>readline</B> key bindings with the
<B>bind</B>
builtin command.
<A NAME="lbCK"> </A>
<H4>Readline Variables</H4>
-Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its
+<B>Readline</B> has variables that can be used to further customize its
behavior.
A variable may be set in the
<I>inputrc</I>
below).
<P>
-Except where noted, readline variables can take the values
+Except where noted, <B>readline</B> variables can take the values
<B>On</B>
or
(without regard to case).
Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
-When readline reads a variable value, empty or null values,
+When <B>readline</B> reads a variable value, empty or null values,
(case-insensitive), and
<B>Off</B>.
<P>
-The <B>bind -V</B> command lists the current readline variable names
+The <B>bind -V</B> command lists the current <B>readline</B> variable names
and values (see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
<DT><B>bell-style (audible)</B>
<DD>
-Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
-If set to <B>none</B>, readline never rings the bell.
-If set to <B>visible</B>, readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
-If set to <B>audible</B>, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
+Controls what happens when <B>readline</B> wants to ring the terminal bell.
+If set to <B>none</B>, <B>readline</B> never rings the bell.
+If set to <B>visible</B>, <B>readline</B> uses a visible bell if one is available.
+If set to <B>audible</B>, <B>readline</B> attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
<DT><B>bind-tty-special-chars (On)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline attempts to bind
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> attempts to bind
the control characters that are treated specially by the kernel's
-terminal driver to their readline equivalents.
-These override the default readline bindings described here.
+terminal driver to their <B>readline</B> equivalents.
+These override the default <B>readline</B> bindings described here.
Type
at a <B>bash</B> prompt to see your current terminal settings,
<DT><B>blink-matching-paren (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.
<DT><B>colored-completion-prefix (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, when listing completions, readline displays the
+If set to <B>On</B>, when listing completions, <B>readline</B> displays the
common prefix of the set of possible completions using a different color.
The color definitions are taken from the value of the <B>LS_COLORS</B>
environment variable.
If there is a color definition in <B>$LS_COLORS</B> for the custom suffix
-readline uses this color for
+<B>readline</B> uses this color for
the common prefix instead of its default.
<DT><B>colored-stats (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline displays possible completions using different
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> displays possible completions using different
colors to indicate their file type.
The color definitions are taken from the value of the <B>LS_COLORS</B>
environment variable.
<DD>
-The string that the readline
+The string that the <B>readline</B>
<B>insert-comment</B>
command inserts.
<DT><B>completion-ignore-case (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline performs filename matching and completion
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
<DT><B>completion-map-case (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, and <B>completion-ignore-case</B> is enabled, readline
+If set to <B>On</B>, and <B>completion-ignore-case</B> is enabled,
+<B>readline</B>
+
treats hyphens (<I>-</I>) and underscores (<I>_</I>) as equivalent when
performing case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
<DT><B>completion-prefix-display-length (0)</B>
The maximum
length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
completions that is displayed without modification.
-When set to a value greater than zero, readline
+When set to a value greater than zero, <B>readline</B>
replaces common prefixes longer than this value
with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
<DT><B>completion-query-items (100)</B>
It may be set to any integer value greater than or equal to zero.
If the number of possible completions is greater than
or equal to the value of this variable,
-readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them;
-otherwise readline simply lists them on the terminal.
-A zero value means readline should never ask; negative values are
+<B>readline</B> will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them;
+otherwise <B>readline</B> simply lists them on the terminal.
+A zero value means <B>readline</B> should never ask; negative values are
treated as zero.
<DT><B>convert-meta (On)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline will convert characters it reads
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> will convert characters it reads
that have the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by
clearing the eighth bit and prefixing it with an escape character
-(converting the character to have the <I>meta prefix</I>).
-The default is <I>On</I>, but readline will set it to <I>Off</I>
+(converting the character to have the meta prefix).
+The default is <I>On</I>, but <B>readline</B> will set it to <I>Off</I>
if the locale contains
characters whose encodings may include bytes with the eighth bit set.
This variable is dependent on the <B>LC_CTYPE</B> locale category, and
<DT><B>disable-completion (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline will inhibit word completion.
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> will inhibit word completion.
Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they
had been mapped to <B>self-insert</B>.
<DT><B>echo-control-characters (On)</B>
<DD>
When set to <B>On</B>, on operating systems that indicate they support it,
-readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal generated from the
+<B>readline</B> echoes a character corresponding to a signal generated from the
keyboard.
<DT><B>editing-mode (emacs)</B>
<DD>
-Controls whether readline uses a set of key bindings similar
+Controls whether <B>readline</B> uses a set of key bindings similar
to <I>Emacs</I> or <I>vi</I>.
<B>editing-mode</B>
<DT><B>enable-active-region (On)</B>
<DD>
-The <I>point</I> is the current cursor position, and <I>mark</I> refers
-to a saved cursor position.
-The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <I>region</I>.
-When this variable is set to <I>On</I>, readline allows certain commands
+When this variable is set to <I>On</I>, <B>readline</B> allows certain commands
to designate the region as <I>active</I>.
-When the region is active, readline highlights the text in the region using
+When the region is active, <B>readline</B> highlights
+the text in the region using
the value of the <B>active-region-start-color</B>, which defaults to the
string that enables the terminal's standout mode.
The active region shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any
<DT><B>enable-bracketed-paste (On)</B>
<DD>
-When set to <B>On</B>, readline configures the terminal to insert each
+When set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> configures the terminal to insert each
paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, instead
of treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard.
This is called <I>bracketed-paste mode</I>;
-it prevents readline from executing any editing commands bound to key
+it prevents <B>readline</B> from executing any editing commands bound to key
sequences appearing in the pasted text.
<DT><B>enable-keypad (Off)</B>
<DD>
-When set to <B>On</B>, readline will try to enable the application
+When set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> will try to enable the application
keypad when it is called.
Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys.
<DT><B>enable-meta-key (On)</B>
<DD>
-When set to <B>On</B>, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
+When set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> will try to enable any meta modifier
key the terminal claims to support.
On many terminals, the Meta key is used to send eight-bit characters;
this variable checks for the terminal capability that indicates the
<DT><B>expand-tilde (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline performs tilde expansion when it
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> performs tilde expansion when it
attempts word completion.
<DT><B>force-meta-prefix (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline modifies its behavior when binding key
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> modifies its behavior when binding key
sequences containing \M- or Meta-
(see <B>Key Bindings</B> above) by converting a key sequence of the form
\M-<I>C</I> or Meta-<I>C</I> to the two-character sequence
-<B>ESC</B><I>C</I> (adding the <I>meta prefix</I>).
+<B>ESC</B> <I>C</I> (adding the meta prefix).
If
<B>force-meta-prefix</B>
is set to <B>Off</B> (the default),
-readline uses the value of the
+<B>readline</B> uses the value of the
<B>convert-meta</B>
variable to determine whether to perform this conversion:
if <B>convert-meta</B> is <B>On</B>,
-readline performs the conversion described above;
-if it is <B>Off</B>, readline converts <I>C</I> to a meta character by
+<B>readline</B> performs the conversion described above;
+if it is <B>Off</B>, <B>readline</B> converts <I>C</I> to a meta character by
setting the eighth bit (0200).
<DT><B>history-preserve-point (Off)</B>
<DT><B>horizontal-scroll-mode (Off)</B>
<DD>
-Setting this variable to <B>On</B> makes readline use a single line
+Setting this variable to <B>On</B> makes <B>readline</B> use a single line
for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line
when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to
a new line.
<DT><B>input-meta (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads),
regardless of what the terminal claims it can support.
-The default is <I>Off</I>, but readline will set it to <I>On</I>
+The default is <I>Off</I>, but <B>readline</B> will set it to <I>On</I>
if the locale contains characters whose encodings may include bytes
with the eighth bit set.
This variable is dependent on the <B>LC_CTYPE</B> locale category, and
<DT><B>keymap (emacs)</B>
<DD>
-Set the current readline keymap.
+Set the current <B>readline</B> keymap.
The set of valid keymap names is
<I>emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi,
vi-command</I>, and
<DT><B>keyseq-timeout (500)</B>
<DD>
-Specifies the duration <I>readline</I> will wait for a character when
+Specifies the duration <B>readline</B> will wait for a character when
reading an ambiguous key sequence
(one that can form a complete key sequence using the input read so far,
or can take additional input to complete a longer key sequence).
-If readline does not receive any input within the timeout, it will use the
-shorter but complete key sequence.
+If <B>readline</B> does not receive any input within the timeout,
+it will use the shorter but complete key sequence.
The value is specified in milliseconds, so a value of 1000 means that
-readline will wait one second for additional input.
+<B>readline</B> will wait one second for additional input.
If this variable is set to a value less than or equal to zero, or to a
-non-numeric value, readline will wait until another key is pressed to
+non-numeric value, <B>readline</B> will wait until another key is pressed to
decide which key sequence to complete.
<DT><B>mark-directories (On)</B>
<DT><B>mark-modified-lines (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline displays history lines that have been modified
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> displays history lines
+that have been modified
with a preceding asterisk (<B>*</B>).
<DT><B>mark-symlinked-directories (Off)</B>
<DT><B>match-hidden-files (On)</B>
<DD>
-This variable, when set to <B>On</B>, forces readline to match files whose
+This variable, when set to <B>On</B>, forces <B>readline</B> to match files whose
names begin with a
(hidden files) when performing filename completion.
<DT><B>output-meta (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline will display characters with the
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> will display characters with the
eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
sequence.
-The default is <I>Off</I>, but readline will set it to <I>On</I>
+The default is <I>Off</I>, but <B>readline</B> will set it to <I>On</I>
if the locale contains characters whose encodings may include
bytes with the eighth bit set.
This variable is dependent on the <B>LC_CTYPE</B> locale category, and
<DT><B>page-completions (On)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline uses an internal <I>more</I>-like pager
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> uses an internal <I>more</I>-like pager
to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
<DT><B>prefer-visible-bell</B>
<DT><B>print-completions-horizontally (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline will display completions with matches
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> will display completions with matches
sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen.
<DT><B>revert-all-at-newline (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when executing <B>accept-line</B>.
By default,
history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across
<DT><B>search-ignore-case (Off)</B>
<DD>
-If set to <B>On</B>, readline performs incremental and non-incremental
+If set to <B>On</B>, <B>readline</B> performs incremental and non-incremental
history list searches in a case-insensitive fashion.
<DT><B>show-all-if-ambiguous (Off)</B>
If set to <B>On</B>, this alters the default completion behavior when
inserting a single match into the line.
It's only active when performing completion in the middle of a word.
-If enabled, readline does not insert characters from the completion
+If enabled, <B>readline</B> does not insert characters from the completion
that match characters after point in the word being completed,
so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
<DT><B>vi-cmd-mode-string ((cmd))</B>
<A NAME="lbCL"> </A>
<H4>Readline Conditional Constructs</H4>
-Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+<B>Readline</B>
+
+implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key
bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result
of tests.
construct allows bindings to be made based on the
editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
-readline.
+<B>readline</B>.
The text of the test, after any comparison operator,
extends to the end of the line;
unless otherwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.
<DD>
The <B>mode=</B> form of the <B>$if</B> directive is used to test
-whether readline is in emacs or vi mode.
+whether <B>readline</B> is in emacs or vi mode.
This may be used in conjunction
with the <B>set keymap</B> command, for instance, to set bindings in
the <I>emacs-standard</I> and <I>emacs-ctlx</I> keymaps only if
-readline is starting out in emacs mode.
+<B>readline</B> is starting out in emacs mode.
<DT><B>term</B>
<DD>
<DD>
The <B>version</B> test may be used to perform comparisons against
-specific readline versions.
-The <B>version</B> expands to the current readline version.
+specific <B>readline</B> versions.
+The <B>version</B> expands to the current <B>readline</B> version.
The set of comparison operators includes
<B>=</B>,
<DD>
The <I>application</I> construct is used to include
application-specific settings.
-Each program using the readline
+Each program using the <B>readline</B>
library sets the <I>application name</I>, and an initialization
file can test for a particular value.
This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for
<DT><I>variable</I>
<DD>
-The <I>variable</I> construct provides simple equality tests for readline
+The <I>variable</I> construct provides simple equality tests for <B>readline</B>
variables and values.
The permitted comparison operators are <I>=</I>, <I>==</I>, and <I>!=</I>.
The variable name must be separated from the comparison operator by
<DD>
This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands
and key bindings from that file.
-For example, the following directive would read <A HREF="file:/etc/inputrc"><I>/etc/inputrc</I></A>:
+For example, the following directive would read
+
+<A HREF="file:/etc/inputrc"><I>/etc/inputrc</I></A>:
+
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="lbCM"> </A>
<H4>Searching</H4>
-Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
-(see
+<B>Readline</B>
+
+provides commands for searching through the command history (see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTORY</B>
</FONT>
Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
search string.
-As each character of the search string is typed, readline displays
+As each character of the search string is typed, <B>readline</B> displays
the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far.
An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to
find the desired history entry.
<B>C-s</B> as appropriate.
This will search backward or forward in the history for the next
entry matching the search string typed so far.
-Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate
+Any other key sequence bound to a <B>readline</B> command will terminate
the search and execute that command.
For instance, a newline will terminate the search and accept
the line, thereby executing the command from the history list.
the current line, and begin editing.
<P>
-Readline remembers the last incremental search string.
+<B>Readline</B>
+
+remembers the last incremental search string.
If two <B>C-r</B>s are typed without any intervening characters defining
-a new search string, readline uses any remembered search string.
+a new search string, <B>readline</B> uses any remembered search string.
<P>
Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
position, and <I>mark</I> refers to a cursor position saved by the
<B>set-mark</B> command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <I>region</I>.
-Readline has the concept of an <I>active region</I>:
-when the region is active, readline redisplay uses the
+<B>Readline</B>
+
+has the concept of an <I>active region</I>:
+when the region is active, <B>readline</B> redisplay uses the
value of the <B>active-region-start-color variable
to denote the region.
Several commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the previous
physical screen line.
This will not have the desired effect if the current
-readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if point is not
-greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
+<B>readline</B> line does not take up more than one physical line or if
+point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
<DT><B>next-screen-line</B>
<DD>
Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the next
physical screen line.
This will not have the desired effect if the current
-readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if the length
-of the current readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt
+<B>readline</B> line does not take up more than one physical line or if
+the length of the current <B>readline</B> line is
+not greater than the length of the prompt
plus the screen width.
<DT><B>clear-display (M-C-l)</B>
<I>stty</I>(1).
If this character is read when there are no characters
-on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, readline
+on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, <B>readline</B>
interprets it as the end of input and returns
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>EOF</B>.
escape
sequence sent by some terminals, and such a binding is assigned by default.
-It allows readline to insert the pasted text as a single unit without treating
-each character as if it had been read from the keyboard.
+It allows <B>readline</B> to insert the pasted text as a single unit
+without treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard.
The pasted characters
are inserted as if each one was bound to <B>self-insert</B> instead of
executing any editing commands.
<DD>
List the possible completions of the text before point.
-When displaying completions, readline sets the number of columns used
+When displaying completions, <B>readline</B> sets the number of columns used
for display to the value of <B>completion-display-width</B>, the value of
the shell variable
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COLUMNS</B>,
If this sequence is bound to
keys producing CSI sequences will have no effect
-unless explicitly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting
+unless explicitly bound to a <B>readline</B> command, instead of inserting
stray characters into the editing buffer.
This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[.
<DT><B>insert-comment (M-#)</B>
<DD>
-Without a numeric argument, insert the value of the readline
+Without a numeric argument, insert the value of the <B>readline</B>
<B>comment-begin</B>
variable at the beginning of the current line.
<DD>
Print all of the functions and their key bindings
-to the readline output stream.
+to the <B>readline</B> output stream.
If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <I>inputrc</I> file.
<DT><B>dump-variables</B>
<DD>
-Print all of the settable readline variables and their values
-to the readline output stream.
+Print all of the settable <B>readline</B> variables and their values
+to the <B>readline</B> output stream.
If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <I>inputrc</I> file.
<DT><B>dump-macros</B>
<DD>
-Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+Print all of the <B>readline</B> key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output
-to the readline output stream.
+to the <B>readline</B> output stream.
If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <I>inputrc</I> file.
<DT><B>execute-named-command (M-x)</B>
<DD>
-Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute the
+Read a bindable <B>readline</B> command name from the input and execute the
function to which it's bound, as if the key sequence to which it was
bound appeared in the input.
If this function is supplied with a numeric argument, it passes that
<B>bash</B> attempts its default completions.
If the <B>-o default</B> option was supplied to <B>complete</B> when the
compspec was defined, programmable completion will perform
-readline's default completion
+<B>readline</B>'s default completion
if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default <B>bash</B> completions)
generate no matches.
<P>
When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
-the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
+the programmable completion functions force <B>readline</B> to append a slash
to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
-the value of the <B>mark-directories</B> readline variable, regardless
-of the setting of the <B>mark-symlinked-directories</B> readline variable.
+the value of the <B>mark-directories</B> <B>readline</B> variable, regardless
+of the setting of the <B>mark-symlinked-directories</B> <B>readline</B> variable.
<P>
There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILE</B>
</FONT>
-variable (default <A HREF="file:~/.bash_history"><I>~/.bash_history</I></A>).
+variable (default
+
+<A HREF="file:~/.bash_history"><I>~/.bash_history</I></A>).
+
That file is referred to as the <I>history file</I>.
The history file is truncated, if necessary,
to contain no more than the number of history entries
<I>filename</I>.
<I>filename</I> does not need to be executable.
-When <B>bash</B> is not in <I>posix mode</I>, it searches
+When <B>bash</B> is not in posix mode, it searches
the current directory if <I>filename</I> is not found in
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>,
With no arguments or with the
<B>-p</B>
-option,<B>alias</B> prints the list of aliases in the form
+option, <B>alias</B> prints the list of aliases in the form
<B>alias</B> <I>name</I>=<I>value</I> on standard output.
When arguments are supplied, define an alias for
each <I>name</I> whose <I>value</I> is given.
used as an argument to a subsequent
<B>bind</B> command or in a <B>readline</B> initialization file.
If arguments remain after option processing, <B>bind</B> treats
-them as readline command names and restricts output to those names.
+them as <B>readline</B> command names and restricts output to those names.
<DT><B>-P</B>
<DD>
List current <B>readline</B> function names and bindings.
If arguments remain after option processing, <B>bind</B> treats
-them as readline command names and restricts output to those names.
+them as <B>readline</B> command names and restricts output to those names.
<DT><B>-s</B>
<DD>
<DD>
List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands
in a format that can be reused as
-an argument to a subsequent @code{bind} command.
+an argument to a subsequent <B>bind</B> command.
</DL>
<P>
The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
call or <I>expr</I> does not correspond to a valid position in the
call stack.
-<DT><B>cd</B> [<B>-L</B>|[<B>-P</B> [<B>-e</B>]]] [-@] [<I>dir</I>]<DD>
+<DT>
+<DD>
+<B>cd</B> [<B>-L</B>] [-@] [<I>dir</I>]
+<DT><B>cd</B> <B>-P</B> [<B>-e</B>] [-@] [<I>dir</I>]<DD>
+
Change the current directory to <I>dir</I>.
if <I>dir</I> is not supplied, the value of the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HOME</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>
</FONT>
-exists, <B>cd</B> uses it as a search path:
+exists,
+and <I>dir</I> does not begin with a slash (/),
+<B>cd</B> uses it as a search path:
the shell searches each directory name in
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>
</FONT>
is the same as the current directory, i.e.,
-If
-<I>dir</I>
-
-begins with a slash (/),
-then
-<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>
-
-</FONT>
-is not used.
<DT><DD>
The
<B>-P</B>
option causes <B>cd</B> to use the physical directory structure
by resolving symbolic links while traversing <I>dir</I> and
-before processing instances of <I>..</I> in <I>dir</I> (see also the
+before processing instances of
+
+<I>..</I>
+
+in <I>dir</I> (see also the
<B>-P</B>
option to the
The
<B>-L</B>
-option forces symbolic links to be followed by resolving the link
-after processing instances of <I>..</I> in <I>dir</I>.
-If <I>..</I> appears in <I>dir</I>, it is processed by removing the
+option forces <B>cd</B> to follow symbolic links by resolving the link
+after processing instances of
+
+<I>..</I>
+
+in <I>dir</I>.
+If
+
+<I>..</I>
+
+appears in <I>dir</I>, <B>cd</B> processes it by removing the
immediately previous pathname component from <I>dir</I>, back to a slash
-or the beginning of <I>dir</I>.
+or the beginning of <I>dir</I>,
+and verifying that the portion of <I>dir</I> it has processed to
+that point is still a valid directory name after removing the pathname
+component.
+If it is not a valid directory name, <B>cd</B> returns a non-zero status.
+If neither
+<B>-L</B>
+
+nor
+<B>-P</B>
+
+is supplied,
+<B>cd</B>
+
+behaves as if
+<B>-L</B>
+
+had been supplied.
<DT><DD>
If the
<B>-e</B>
option is supplied with
<B>-P</B>,
-and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
-after a successful directory change, <B>cd</B> will return a non-zero
-status.
+and <B>cd</B> cannot successfully determine the current working directory
+after a successful directory change, it will return a non-zero status.
<DT><DD>
On systems that support it, the <B>-@</B> option presents the extended
attributes associated with a file as a directory.
above)
to obtain the line.
-Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously
-active) editing settings, but uses readline's default filename completion.
+<B>Readline</B> uses the current
+(or default, if line editing was not previously active)
+editing settings, but uses <B>readline</B>'s default filename completion.
<DT><B>-E</B>
<DD>
above)
to obtain the line.
-Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously
+<B>Readline</B>
+
+uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously
active) editing settings, but uses bash's default completion, including
programmable completion.
<DT><B>-i </B><I>text</I>
in a format that can be reused as input
for setting or resetting the currently-set variables.
Read-only variables cannot be reset.
-In <I>posix mode</I>, only shell variables are listed.
+In posix mode, only shell variables are listed.
The output is sorted according to the current locale.
When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes.
Any arguments remaining after option processing are treated
had been executed
(see
-<B>Shell Variables<</B>
+<B>Shell Variables</B>
above).
replaces directory names with the results of word expansion when performing
filename completion.
-This changes the contents of the readline editing buffer.
+This changes the contents of the <B>readline</B> editing buffer.
If not set,
<B>bash</B>
in the results of pathname expansion.
The filenames
+<I>.</I>
+
and
+<I>..</I>
+
must always be matched explicitly, even if
<B>dotglob</B>
cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
the ignored words are the only possible completions.
See
-<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL VARIABLES</B></FONT>
+<B>Shell Variables</B>
+
above
for a description of
<DD>
If set, pathname expansion will never match the filenames
+<I>.</I>
+
and
+<I>..</I>,
+
even if the pattern begins with a
This option is enabled by default.
<DD>
If set, command substitution inherits the value of the <B>errexit</B> option,
instead of unsetting it in the subshell environment.
-This option is enabled when <I>posix mode</I> is enabled.
+This option is enabled when posix mode is enabled.
<DT><B>interactive_comments</B>
<DD>
</DL>
<P>
-When the shell is in <I>posix mode</I>, or if the expression is part
+When the shell is in posix mode, or if the expression is part
of the <B>[[</B> command,
the <B><</B> and <B>></B> operators sort using the
current locale.
-If the shell is not in <I>posix mode</I>, the <B>test</B> and <B>[</B>
+If the shell is not in posix mode, the <B>test</B> and <B>[</B>
commands sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering.
<P>
<DT><I>The Gnu Readline Library</I>, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey<DD>
<DT><I>The Gnu History Library</I>, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey<DD>
<DT><I>Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Part 2: Shell and Utilities</I>, IEEE -<DD>
-<A HREF="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/">http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/</A>
+<A HREF="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/">http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/</A>
<DT><A HREF="http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX">http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX</A> - a description of posix mode<DD>
<DT><I>sh</I>(1), <I>ksh</I>(1), <I>csh</I>(1)<DD>
<DT><I>emacs</I>(1), <I>vi</I>(1)<DD>
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.3<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2024 October 14<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.3<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2024 October 15<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
<DT><A HREF="#lbDJ">BUGS</A><DD>
</DL>
<HR>
-This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241012/doc/bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 14 October 2024 17:00:24 EDT
+This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241015/doc/bash.1.<BR>
+Time: 18 October 2024 12:02:45 EDT
</BODY>
</HTML>
This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.1 from bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 14 October 2024).
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 15 October 2024).
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 14 October 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 15 October 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3.
Copyright © 1988-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 14 October 2024). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 15 October 2024). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 14 October 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 15 October 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
filenames includes all files beginning with ‘.’, but the filenames ‘.’
and ‘..’ must be matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a
dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include any filenames
-beginning with "." unless the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ‘.’.
+beginning with ‘.’ unless the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ‘.’.
If the ‘globskipdots’ shell option is enabled, the filenames ‘.’ and
‘..’ never appear in the set. As above, ‘.’ only has a special meaning
when matching filenames.
first character of the redirection operator is ‘>’, the redirection
refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
- The \fIword\fP following the redirection operator in the following
+ The WORD following the redirection operator in the following
descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion,
tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
arithmetic expansion, quote removal, filename expansion, and word
greater than or equal to 1.
‘cd’
- cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [-@] [DIRECTORY]
+ cd [-L] [-@] [DIRECTORY]
+ cd -P [-e] [-@] [DIRECTORY]
Change the current working directory to DIRECTORY. If DIRECTORY is
not supplied, the value of the ‘HOME’ shell variable is used as
- DIRECTORY. If the shell variable ‘CDPATH’ exists, ‘cd’ uses it as
- a search path: ‘cd’ searches each directory name in ‘CDPATH’ for
- DIRECTORY, with alternative directory names in ‘CDPATH’ separated
- by a colon (‘:’). A null directory name in ‘CDPATH’ means the same
- thing as the current directory. If DIRECTORY begins with a slash,
- ‘CDPATH’ is not used.
-
- The ‘-P’ option means to not follow symbolic links: symbolic links
+ DIRECTORY. If the shell variable ‘CDPATH’ exists, and DIRECTORY
+ does not begin with a slash, ‘cd’ uses it as a search path: ‘cd’
+ searches each directory name in ‘CDPATH’ for DIRECTORY, with
+ alternative directory names in ‘CDPATH’ separated by a colon (‘:’).
+ A null directory name in ‘CDPATH’ means the same thing as the
+ current directory.
+
+ The ‘-P’ option means not to follow symbolic links: symbolic links
are resolved while ‘cd’ is traversing DIRECTORY and before
processing an instance of ‘..’ in DIRECTORY.
DIRECTORY are resolved after ‘cd’ processes an instance of ‘..’ in
DIRECTORY.
- If ‘..’ appears in DIRECTORY, it is processed by removing the
+ If ‘..’ appears in DIRECTORY, ‘cd’ processes it by removing the
immediately preceding pathname component, back to a slash or the
- beginning of DIRECTORY.
+ beginning of DIRECTORY, and verifying that the portion of DIRECTORY
+ it has processed to that point is still a valid directory name
+ after removing the pathname component. If it is not a valid
+ directory name, ‘cd’ returns a non-zero status.
- If the ‘-e’ option is supplied with ‘-P’ and the current working
- directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful
- directory change, ‘cd’ will return a non-zero status.
+ If the ‘-e’ option is supplied with ‘-P’ and ‘cd’ cannot
+ successfully determine the current working directory after a
+ successful directory change, it will return a non-zero status.
On systems that support it, the ‘-@’ option presents the extended
attributes associated with a file as a directory.
completion.
‘noexpand_translation’
- If set, Bash encloses the translated results of $"..."
- quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If the
- string is not translated, this has no effect.
+ If set, Bash encloses the translated results of $"..." quoting
+ in single quotes instead of double quotes. If the string is
+ not translated, this has no effect.
‘nullglob’
If set, filename expansion patterns which match no files
‘EPOCHREALTIME’
Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of
- seconds since the Unix Epoch as a floating point value with
+ seconds since the Unix Epoch as a floating-point value with
micro-second granularity (see the documentation for the C library
function ‘time’ for the definition of Epoch). Assignments to
‘EPOCHREALTIME’ are ignored. If ‘EPOCHREALTIME’ is unset, it loses
value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort order
for the results of filename expansion. If this variable is unset
or set to the null string, filename expansion uses the historical
- behavior of sorting by name. If set, a valid value begins with an
- optional ‘+’, which is ignored, or ‘-’, which reverses the sort
- order from ascending to descending, followed by a sort specifier.
- The valid sort specifiers are ‘name’, ‘numeric’, ‘size’, ‘mtime’,
- ‘atime’, ‘ctime’, and ‘blocks’, which sort the files on name, names
- in numeric rather than lexicographic order, file size, modification
+ behavior of sorting by name, in ascending lexicographic order as
+ determined by the ‘LC_COLLATE’ shell variable.
+
+ If set, a valid value begins with an optional ‘+’, which is
+ ignored, or ‘-’, which reverses the sort order from ascending to
+ descending, followed by a sort specifier. The valid sort
+ specifiers are ‘name’, ‘numeric’, ‘size’, ‘mtime’, ‘atime’,
+ ‘ctime’, and ‘blocks’, which sort the files on name, names in
+ numeric rather than lexicographic order, file size, modification
time, access time, inode change time, and number of blocks,
respectively. If any of the non-name keys compare as equal (e.g.,
if two files are the same size), sorting uses the name as a
order by modification time (newest first).
The ‘numeric’ specifier treats names consisting solely of digits as
- numbers and sorts them using the numeric value (so "2" will sort
+ numbers and sorts them using their numeric value (so "2" will sort
before "10", for example). When using ‘numeric’, names containing
non-digits sort after all the all-digit names and are sorted by
name using the traditional behavior.
- A sort specifier of ‘nosort’ disables sorting completely; the
- results are returned in the order they are read from the file
- system, and any leading ‘-’ is ignored.
+ A sort specifier of ‘nosort’ disables sorting completely; Bash
+ returns the results in the order they are read from the file
+ system, ignoring any leading ‘-’.
If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to NAME, so a value
of ‘+’ is equivalent to the null string, and a value of ‘-’ sorts
‘histchars’
Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
substitution, and tokenization (*note History Interaction::). The
- first character is the “history expansion” character, that is, the
- character which signifies the start of a history expansion,
- normally ‘!’. The second character is the character which
- signifies "quick substitution" when seen as the first character on
- a line, normally ‘^’. The optional third character is the
- character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a
- comment when found as the first character of a word, usually ‘#’.
- The history comment character causes history substitution to be
- skipped for the remaining words on the line. It does not
- necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as
- a comment.
+ first character is the “history expansion” character, the character
+ which begins a history expansion, normally ‘!’. The second
+ character is the character which signifies "quick substitution"
+ when seen as the first character on a line, normally ‘^’. The
+ optional third character is the character which indicates that the
+ remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first
+ character of a word, usually ‘#’. The history comment character
+ disables history substitution for the remaining words on the line.
+ It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of
+ the line as a comment.
‘HISTCMD’
The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
When invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive
shell with the ‘--login’ option, it first attempts to read and execute
commands from ‘/etc/profile’ and ‘~/.profile’, in that order. The
-‘--noprofile’ option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
+‘--noprofile’ option will inhibit this behavior.
When invoked as an interactive shell with the name ‘sh’, Bash looks
for the variable ‘ENV’, expands its value if it is defined, and uses the
A non-interactive shell invoked with the name ‘sh’ does not attempt
to read any other startup files.
- When invoked as ‘sh’, Bash enters POSIX mode after the startup files
-are read.
+ When invoked as ‘sh’, Bash enters POSIX mode after reading the
+startup files.
Invoked in POSIX mode
.....................
daemon ‘sshd’. If Bash determines it is being run non-interactively in
this fashion, it reads and executes commands from ‘~/.bashrc’, if that
file exists and is readable. It will not do this if invoked as ‘sh’.
-The ‘--norc’ option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
-‘--rcfile’ option will make Bash use a different file instead of
-‘~/.bashrc’, but neither ‘rshd’ nor ‘sshd’ generally invoke the shell
-with those options or allow them to be specified.
+The ‘--norc’ option will inhibit this behavior, and the ‘--rcfile’
+option will make Bash use a different file instead of ‘~/.bashrc’, but
+neither ‘rshd’ nor ‘sshd’ generally invoke the shell with those options
+or allow them to be specified.
Invoked with unequal effective and real UID/GIDs
................................................
expressions. If the operating system on which Bash is running provides
these special files, Bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them
internally with this behavior: If the FILE argument to one of the
-primaries is of the form ‘/dev/fd/N’, then file descriptor N is checked.
-If the FILE argument to one of the primaries is one of ‘/dev/stdin’,
-‘/dev/stdout’, or ‘/dev/stderr’, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2,
-respectively, is checked.
+primaries is of the form ‘/dev/fd/N’, then Bash checks file descriptor
+N. If the FILE argument to one of the primaries is one of ‘/dev/stdin’,
+‘/dev/stdout’, or ‘/dev/stderr’, Bash checks file descriptor 0, 1, or 2,
+respectively.
When used with ‘[[’, the ‘<’ and ‘>’ operators sort lexicographically
using the current locale. The ‘test’ command uses ASCII ordering.
Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is
performed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression,
shell variables may also be referenced by name without using the
-parameter expansion syntax. This means you can use .Q x , where \fIx\fP
-is a shell variable name, in an arithmetic expression, and the shell
-will evaluate its value as an expression and use the result. A shell
+parameter expansion syntax. This means you can use X, where X is a
+shell variable name, in an arithmetic expression, and the shell will
+evaluate its value as an expression and use the result. A shell
variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name in
an expression.
27. Bash permanently removes jobs from the jobs table after notifying
the user of their termination via the ‘wait’ or ‘jobs’ builtins.
+ It removes the job from the jobs list after notifying the user of
+ its termination, but the status is still available via ‘wait’, as
+ long as ‘wait’ is supplied a PID argument.
28. The ‘vi’ editing mode will invoke the ‘vi’ editor directly when
the ‘v’ command is run, instead of checking ‘$VISUAL’ and
The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
75. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
- of such statuses after the ‘wait’ builtin is used to obtain it.
+ of such statuses after the ‘wait’ builtin returns it.
There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
even when in POSIX mode. Specifically:
like ‘a[@]’. Bash-5.2 will unset an element with key ‘@’
(associative arrays) or remove all the elements without
unsetting the array (indexed arrays).
- • Arithmetic commands ( ((...)) ) and the expressions in an
+ • Arithmetic commands ( ((...)) ) and the expressions in an
arithmetic for statement can be expanded more than once.
• Expressions used as arguments to arithmetic operators in the
‘[[’ conditional command can be expanded more than once.
• The expressions in substring parameter brace expansion can be
expanded more than once.
- • The expressions in the $(( ... )) word expansion can be
+ • The expressions in the $(( ... )) word expansion can be
expanded more than once.
• Arithmetic expressions used as indexed array subscripts can be
expanded more than once.
though it will notify of changes in a job's status after a foreground
command in a list completes, before executing the next command in the
list. If the ‘-b’ option to the ‘set’ builtin is enabled, Bash reports
-such changes immediately (*note The Set Builtin::). Bash executes any
+status changes immediately (*note The Set Builtin::). Bash executes any
trap on ‘SIGCHLD’ for each child process that terminates.
When a job terminates and Bash notifies the user about it, Bash
8.1 Introduction to Line Editing
================================
-The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
-keystrokes.
+The following paragraphs use Emacs style to describe the notation used
+to represent keystrokes.
The text ‘C-k’ is read as 'Control-K' and describes the character
produced when the <k> key is pressed while the Control key is depressed.
The text ‘M-k’ is read as 'Meta-K' and describes the character
produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <k>
-key is pressed (a “meta character”). The Meta key is labeled <ALT> on
-many keyboards. On keyboards with two keys labeled <ALT> (usually to
-either side of the space bar), the <ALT> on the left side is generally
-set to work as a Meta key. The <ALT> key on the right may also be
-configured to work as a Meta key or may be configured as some other
-modifier, such as a Compose key for typing accented characters.
-
- On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces meta characters
-with the eighth bit (0200) set. You can use the ‘enable-meta-key’
-variable to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows
-it. On many others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the
-metafied key to a key sequence beginning with <ESC> as described in the
-next paragraph.
+key is pressed (a “meta character”), then both are released. The Meta
+key is labeled <ALT> or <Option> on many keyboards. On keyboards with
+two keys labeled <ALT> (usually to either side of the space bar), the
+<ALT> on the left side is generally set to work as a Meta key. One of
+the <ALT> keys may also be configured as some other modifier, such as a
+Compose key for typing accented characters.
+
+ On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with the
+eighth bit (0200) set. You can use the ‘enable-meta-key’ variable to
+control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it. On many
+others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the metafied key to a
+key sequence beginning with <ESC> as described in the next paragraph.
If you do not have a Meta or <ALT> key, or another key working as a
Meta key, you can generally achieve the latter effect by typing <ESC>
putting commands in an “inputrc” file, conventionally in their home
directory. The name of this file is taken from the value of the shell
variable ‘INPUTRC’. If that variable is unset, the default is
-‘~/.inputrc’. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, readline
+‘~/.inputrc’. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, Readline
looks for ‘/etc/inputrc’. The ‘bind’ builtin command can also be used
to set Readline keybindings and variables. *Note Bash Builtins::.
different color. The color definitions are taken from the
value of the ‘LS_COLORS’ environment variable. If there is a
color definition in ‘LS_COLORS’ for the custom suffix
- ‘readline-colored-completion-prefix’, Readline uses this color
- for the common prefix instead of its default. The default is
- ‘off’.
+ ‘.readline-colored-completion-prefix’, Readline uses this
+ color for the common prefix instead of its default. The
+ default is ‘off’.
‘colored-stats’
If set to ‘on’, Readline displays possible completions using
‘completion-prefix-display-length’
The maximum length in characters of the common prefix of a
list of possible completions that is displayed without
- modification. When set to a value greater than zero, readline
+ modification. When set to a value greater than zero, Readline
replaces common prefixes longer than this value with an
ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
key sequences containing ‘\M-’ or ‘Meta-’ (see ‘Key Bindings’
in *note Readline Init File Syntax::) by converting a key
sequence of the form ‘\M-’C or ‘Meta-’C to the two-character
- sequence ‘ESC’C (adding the meta prefix). If
+ sequence ‘ESC’ C (adding the meta prefix). If
‘force-meta-prefix’ is set to ‘off’ (the default), Readline
uses the value of the ‘convert-meta’ variable to determine
whether to perform this conversion: if ‘convert-meta’ is ‘on’,
If set to ‘on’, this alters the default completion behavior
when inserting a single match into the line. It's only active
when performing completion in the middle of a word. If
- enabled, readline does not insert characters from the
+ enabled, Readline does not insert characters from the
completion that match characters after point in the word being
completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are
not duplicated. For instance, if this is enabled, attempting
position, and “mark” refers to a cursor position saved by the ‘set-mark’
command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the
“region”. Readline has the concept of an _active region_: when the
-region is active, Readline redisplay uses the value of the
-‘active-region-start-color’ variable to denote the region. Several
-commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
+region is active, Readline redisplay highlights the region using the
+value of the ‘active-region-start-color’ variable. The
+‘enable-active-region’ variable turns this on and off. Several commands
+set the region to active; those are noted below.
\1f
File: bash.info, Node: Commands For Moving, Next: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands
default.
‘execute-named-command (M-x)’
- Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute
+ Read a bindable Readline command name from the input and execute
the function to which it's bound, as if the key sequence to which
it was bound appeared in the input. If this function is supplied
with a numeric argument, it passes that argument to the function it
When the user attempts word completion for an argument to a command for
which a completion specification (a “compspec”) has been defined using
the ‘complete’ builtin (*note Programmable Completion Builtins::),
-\fBreadline\fP invokes the programmable completion facilities.
+Readline invokes the programmable completion facilities.
First, Bash identifies the command name. If a compspec has been
defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of
other supplied options should apply to "empty" command completion;
and the ‘-I’ option indicates that other supplied options should
apply to completion on the initial word on the line. These are
- determined in the same way as the \fBcomplete\fP builtin.
+ determined in the same way as the ‘complete’ builtin.
If multiple options are supplied, the ‘-D’ option takes precedence
over ‘-E’, and both take precedence over ‘-I’
script from the source directory (*note Basic Installation::). You may
need to supply the ‘--srcdir=PATH’ argument to tell ‘configure’ where
the source files are. ‘configure’ automatically checks for the source
-code in the directory that ‘configure’ is in and in '..'.
+code in the directory that ‘configure’ is in and in ‘..’.
If you have to use a ‘make’ that does not support the ‘VPATH’
variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a time in the
* .: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 17)
* [: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 333)
+ (line 337)
* alias: Bash Builtins. (line 11)
* bg: Job Control Builtins.
(line 7)
* compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 257)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 102)
+ (line 106)
* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 179)
* dirs: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 7)
* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 284)
* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 337)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 111)
+ (line 115)
* exec: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 119)
+ (line 123)
* exit: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 141)
+ (line 145)
* export: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 148)
+ (line 152)
* false: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 170)
+ (line 174)
* fc: Bash History Builtins.
(line 10)
* fg: Job Control Builtins.
(line 17)
* getopts: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 175)
+ (line 179)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 226)
+ (line 230)
* help: Bash Builtins. (line 374)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 59)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 70)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 258)
+ (line 262)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 548)
* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 659)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 270)
+ (line 274)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 295)
+ (line 299)
* set: The Set Builtin. (line 11)
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 320)
+ (line 324)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
* source: Bash Builtins. (line 668)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 139)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 333)
+ (line 337)
* times: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 433)
+ (line 437)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 439)
+ (line 443)
* true: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 505)
+ (line 509)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 673)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 710)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 716)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 510)
+ (line 514)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 824)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 528)
+ (line 532)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 86)
* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 363)
* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 368)
* GLOBSORT: Bash Variables. (line 375)
-* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 410)
-* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 416)
-* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 431)
-* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 437)
-* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 455)
-* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 461)
-* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 472)
+* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 413)
+* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 419)
+* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 433)
+* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 439)
+* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 457)
+* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 463)
+* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 474)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 232)
* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 238)
-* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 496)
-* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 503)
+* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 498)
+* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 505)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 248)
-* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 512)
-* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 523)
-* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 526)
+* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 514)
+* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 525)
+* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 528)
* IFS: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 18)
-* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 529)
+* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 531)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 256)
-* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 538)
-* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 542)
+* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 540)
+* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 544)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 267)
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 274)
* LANG: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 548)
-* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 552)
-* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 556)
-* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 563)
+* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 550)
+* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 554)
+* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 558)
+* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 565)
* LC_MESSAGES: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 568)
-* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 572)
-* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 576)
-* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 580)
-* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 587)
-* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 593)
+* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 570)
+* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 574)
+* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 578)
+* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 582)
+* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 589)
+* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 595)
* MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 24)
-* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 597)
+* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 599)
* MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 29)
-* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 605)
+* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 607)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 304)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 321)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 256)
-* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 609)
+* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 611)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 36)
-* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 612)
+* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 614)
* OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 40)
-* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 617)
+* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 619)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 326)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 335)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 44)
-* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 620)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 626)
-* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 636)
-* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 640)
-* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 646)
-* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 652)
+* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 622)
+* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 628)
+* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 638)
+* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 642)
+* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 648)
+* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 654)
* PS1: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 53)
* PS2: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 58)
-* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 657)
-* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 662)
-* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 670)
-* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 673)
-* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 681)
-* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 685)
-* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 689)
-* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 695)
-* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 699)
+* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 659)
+* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 664)
+* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 672)
+* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 675)
+* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 683)
+* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 687)
+* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 691)
+* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 697)
+* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 701)
* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 348)
* search-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 355)
-* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 703)
-* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 713)
-* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 718)
-* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 727)
+* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 705)
+* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 715)
+* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 720)
+* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 729)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 360)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 375)
* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 381)
-* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 732)
+* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 734)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 741)
-* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 780)
-* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 792)
-* UID: Bash Variables. (line 796)
+* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 743)
+* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 782)
+* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 794)
+* UID: Bash Variables. (line 798)
* vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 394)
* vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
Node: Word Splitting\7f107063
Node: Filename Expansion\7f109160
Node: Pattern Matching\7f112428
-Node: Quote Removal\7f117762
-Node: Redirections\7f118066
-Node: Executing Commands\7f128281
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f128948
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f131056
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f133500
-Node: Environment\7f136948
-Node: Exit Status\7f138851
-Node: Signals\7f140909
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f144807
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f148105
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f150216
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f176517
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f212965
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f213307
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f225243
-Node: Special Builtins\7f242295
-Node: Shell Variables\7f243284
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f243718
-Node: Bash Variables\7f246226
-Node: Bash Features\7f284483
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f285497
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f291923
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f297236
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f297644
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f298306
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f299130
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f302891
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f308108
-Node: Aliases\7f311447
-Node: Arrays\7f314582
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f321645
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f322442
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f326887
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f329771
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f332653
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f350794
-Node: Job Control\7f359805
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f360262
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f366538
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f373220
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f374451
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f376154
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f378504
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f379692
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f381500
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f382496
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f384519
-Node: Searching\7f385576
-Node: Readline Init File\7f387837
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f389141
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f415887
-Node: Sample Init File\7f420272
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f423393
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f424865
-Node: Commands For History\7f427092
-Node: Commands For Text\7f432345
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f436470
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f439258
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f440410
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f444910
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f445611
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f452164
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f453141
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f461193
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f472858
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f478203
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f478884
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f482619
-Node: History Interaction\7f489090
-Node: Event Designators\7f494044
-Node: Word Designators\7f495622
-Node: Modifiers\7f497930
-Node: Installing Bash\7f499871
-Node: Basic Installation\7f500987
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f504863
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f505613
-Node: Installation Names\7f507362
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f509596
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f510342
-Node: Operation Controls\7f511056
-Node: Optional Features\7f512075
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f524455
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f525813
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f547233
-Node: Indexes\7f572410
-Node: Builtin Index\7f572861
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f579959
-Node: Variable Index\7f582404
-Node: Function Index\7f599817
-Node: Concept Index\7f613673
+Node: Quote Removal\7f117765
+Node: Redirections\7f118069
+Node: Executing Commands\7f128278
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f128945
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f131053
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f133497
+Node: Environment\7f136945
+Node: Exit Status\7f138848
+Node: Signals\7f140906
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f144804
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f148102
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f150213
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f176763
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f213211
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f213553
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f225489
+Node: Special Builtins\7f242541
+Node: Shell Variables\7f243530
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f243964
+Node: Bash Variables\7f246472
+Node: Bash Features\7f284781
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f285795
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f292221
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f297513
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f297921
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f298583
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f299407
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f303168
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f308387
+Node: Aliases\7f311716
+Node: Arrays\7f314851
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f321914
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f322711
+Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f327156
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f330040
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f332922
+Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f351251
+Node: Job Control\7f360258
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f360715
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f366993
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f373675
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f374906
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f376609
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f378961
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f380149
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f381957
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f382953
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f384976
+Node: Searching\7f386033
+Node: Readline Init File\7f388294
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f389598
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f416346
+Node: Sample Init File\7f420731
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f423852
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f425390
+Node: Commands For History\7f427617
+Node: Commands For Text\7f432870
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f436995
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f439783
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f440935
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f445435
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f446136
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f452689
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f453666
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f461712
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f473377
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f478722
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f479403
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f483138
+Node: History Interaction\7f489609
+Node: Event Designators\7f494563
+Node: Word Designators\7f496141
+Node: Modifiers\7f498449
+Node: Installing Bash\7f500390
+Node: Basic Installation\7f501506
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f505382
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f506132
+Node: Installation Names\7f507885
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f510119
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f510865
+Node: Operation Controls\7f511579
+Node: Optional Features\7f512598
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f524978
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f526336
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f547756
+Node: Indexes\7f572933
+Node: Builtin Index\7f573384
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f580482
+Node: Variable Index\7f582927
+Node: Function Index\7f600340
+Node: Concept Index\7f614196
\1f
End Tag Table
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F1(bash \255 GNU Bourne-Ag)108 96 Q(ain SHell)-.05 E F2(SYNOPSIS)72
112.8 Q/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)108 124.8 Q F1
([options] [command_string | \214le])2.5 E F2(COPYRIGHT)72 141.6 Q F1
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108 182.4 Q F1 .973(is an)3.474 F F3(sh)3.473 E F1 .973
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-(OPTIONS)72 252 Q F1 .483(All of the single-character shell options doc\
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+(hell with the name).15 F F2(sh)2.508 E F1(,)A F2(bash)2.508 E F1 .008
+(looks for the v)2.508 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(ENV)2.508 E/F5 9
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 -.15(ex)2.258 G .008(pands its v).15 F .009
+(alue if it is de-)-.25 F .775(\214ned, and uses the e)108 304.8 R .775
+(xpanded v)-.15 F .774(alue as the name of a \214le to read and e)-.25 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.274(cute. Since).15 F 3.274(as)3.274 G .774(hell in)
+-3.274 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.274(da).1 G(s)-3.274 E F2(sh)3.274 E
+F1 .396(does not attempt to read and e)108 316.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .396
+(cute commands from an).15 F 2.896(yo)-.15 G .396
+(ther startup \214les, the)-2.896 F F2<adad72>2.896 E(c\214le)-.18 E F1
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+3.871 E 1.671 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.371(hell in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke)
+.2 G 3.871(dw).1 G 1.371(ith the name)-3.871 F F2(sh)3.871 E F1 1.37
+(does not attempt to read an)3.871 F 3.87(yo)-.15 G 1.37
+(ther startup \214les.)-3.87 F(When in)108 340.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke)
+.2 G 2.5(da).1 G(s)-2.5 E F2(sh)2.5 E F1(,)A F2(bash)2.5 E F1
+(enters posix mode after reading the startup \214les.)2.5 E(When)108
+357.6 Q F2(bash)2.793 E F1 .294(is started in posix mode, as with the)
+2.793 F F2(\255\255posix)2.794 E F1 .294(command line option, it follo)
+2.794 F .294(ws the POSIX stan-)-.25 F .621(dard for startup \214les.)
+108 369.6 R .621(In this mode, interacti)5.621 F .921 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
+.621(hells e).15 F .621(xpand the)-.15 F F3(ENV)3.121 E F1 -.25(va)2.87
+G .62(riable and read and e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .62(cute com-).15 F
+(mands from the \214le whose name is the e)108 381.6 Q(xpanded v)-.15 E
+2.5(alue. No)-.25 F(other startup \214les are read.)2.5 E F2(Bash)108
+398.4 Q F1 .224(attempts to determine when it is being run with its sta\
+ndard input connected to a netw)2.723 F .224(ork connection,)-.1 F .85
+(as when e)108 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .85
+(cuted by the historical and rarely-seen remote shell daemon, usually)
+.15 F F0 -.1(rs)3.35 G(hd).1 E F1 3.35(,o)C 3.35(rt)-3.35 G .85
+(he secure shell)-3.35 F(daemon)108 422.4 Q F0(sshd)3.875 E F1 6.375(.I)
+C(f)-6.375 E F2(bash)3.875 E F1 1.376
+(determines it is being run non-interacti)3.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.376
+(ly in this f).15 F 1.376(ashion, it reads and e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cutes).15 E 1.421(commands from)108 434.4 R F0(\001/.bashr)5.587 E(c)
+-.37 E F1 3.921(,i)1.666 G 3.921(ft)-3.921 G 1.421(hat \214le e)-3.921 F
+1.421(xists and is readable.)-.15 F 1.421(It will not do this if in)
+6.421 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.921(da).1 G(s)-3.921 E F2(sh)3.921 E
+F1 6.42(.T)C(he)-6.42 E F2<adad6e6f72>108 446.4 Q(c)-.18 E F1 .292
+(option will inhibit this beha)2.792 F(vior)-.2 E 2.792(,a)-.4 G .292
+(nd the)-2.792 F F2<adad72>2.792 E(c\214le)-.18 E F1 .292
+(option will mak)2.792 F(e)-.1 E F2(bash)2.793 E F1 .293(use a dif)2.793
+F .293(ferent \214le instead)-.25 F(of)108 458.4 Q F0(\001/.bashr)5.025
+E(c)-.37 E F1 3.359(,b)1.666 G .859(ut neither)-3.559 F F0 -.1(rs)3.359
+G(hd).1 E F1(nor)3.359 E F0(sshd)3.359 E F1 .859(generally in)3.359 F
+-.2(vo)-.4 G 1.059 -.1(ke t).2 H .859
+(he shell with those options or allo).1 F 3.358(wt)-.25 G .858
+(hem to be)-3.358 F(speci\214ed.)108 470.4 Q .433
+(If the shell is started with the ef)108 487.2 R(fecti)-.25 E .733 -.15
+(ve u)-.25 H .433
(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real user \(group\) id, and the).15 F
F2<ad70>2.934 E F1(op-)2.934 E 1.124(tion is not supplied, no startup \
\214les are read, shell functions are not inherited from the en)108
-429.6 R 1.124(vironment, the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)108 441.6 Q F5(,)A F3
+499.2 R 1.124(vironment, the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)108 511.2 Q F5(,)A F3
-.27(BA)2.959 G(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F3(CDP)2.959 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
.855 E F5(,)A F1(and)2.959 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.209 E F1 -.25(va)2.959 G
.709(riables, if the).25 F 3.209(ya)-.15 G .71(ppear in the en)-3.209 F
-.71(vironment, are)-.4 F .905(ignored, and the ef)108 453.6 R(fecti)-.25
+.71(vironment, are)-.4 F .905(ignored, and the ef)108 523.2 R(fecti)-.25
E 1.205 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .904(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F
.904(If the)5.904 F F2<ad70>3.404 E F1 .904(option is supplied at in)
-3.404 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .904(cation, the).2 F(startup beha)108 465.6 Q
+3.404 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .904(cation, the).2 F(startup beha)108 535.2 Q
(vior is the same, b)-.2 E(ut the ef)-.2 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)
-.25 H(ser id is not reset.).15 E/F6 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(DEFINITIONS)
-72 482.4 Q F1(The follo)108 494.4 Q
+72 552 Q F1(The follo)108 564 Q
(wing de\214nitions are used throughout the rest of this document.)-.25
-E F2(blank)108 506.4 Q F1 2.5(As)144 506.4 S(pace or tab)-2.5 E(.)-.4 E
-F2 -.1(wo)108 518.4 S(rd).1 E F1 2.5(As)144 518.4 S
+E F2(blank)108 576 Q F1 2.5(As)144 576 S(pace or tab)-2.5 E(.)-.4 E F2
+-.1(wo)108 588 S(rd).1 E F1 2.5(As)144 588 S
(equence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell.)-2.5 E
(Also kno)5 E(wn as a)-.25 E F2(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(name)108
-530.4 Q F1(A)144 530.4 Q F0(wor)3.005 E(d)-.37 E F1 .165
+600 Q F1(A)144 600 Q F0(wor)3.005 E(d)-.37 E F1 .165
(consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and be)
3.435 F .166(ginning with an alpha-)-.15 F
-(betic character or an underscore.)144 542.4 Q(Also referred to as an)5
-E F2(identi\214er)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(metacharacter)108 554.4 Q F1 2.5(Ac)
-144 566.4 S(haracter that, when unquoted, separates w)-2.5 E 2.5
-(ords. One)-.1 F(of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 5(|&;\(\)<>s)144
-578.4 S 2.5(pace tab newline)-5 F(contr)108 590.4 Q(ol operator)-.18 E
-F1(A)144 602.4 Q F0(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F1
-(that performs a control function.)2.5 E(It is one of the follo)5 E
-(wing symbols:)-.25 E F2 2.5(|| & && ; ;; ;& ;;& \( \) | |&)144 614.4 R
-(<newline>)10 E F6(RESER)72 631.2 Q(VED W)-.602 E(ORDS)-.11 E F0 .307
-(Reserved wor)108 643.2 R(ds)-.37 E F1 .307(are w)2.807 F .307
-(ords that ha)-.1 F .607 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .306
-(pecial meaning to the shell.).15 F .306(The follo)5.306 F .306(wing w)
--.25 F .306(ords are recognized as)-.1 F(reserv)108 655.2 Q .313
-(ed when unquoted and either the \214rst w)-.15 F .314
+(betic character or an underscore.)144 612 Q(Also referred to as an)5 E
+F2(identi\214er)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(metacharacter)108 624 Q F1 2.5(Ac)144
+636 S(haracter that, when unquoted, separates w)-2.5 E 2.5(ords. One)-.1
+F(of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 5(|&;\(\)<>s)144 648 S 2.5
+(pace tab newline)-5 F(contr)108 660 Q(ol operator)-.18 E F1(A)144 672 Q
+F0(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F1(that performs a control function.)2.5 E
+(It is one of the follo)5 E(wing symbols:)-.25 E F2 2.5
+(|| & && ; ;; ;& ;;& \( \) | |&)144 684 R(<newline>)10 E F6(RESER)72
+700.8 Q(VED W)-.602 E(ORDS)-.11 E F0 .307(Reserved wor)108 712.8 R(ds)
+-.37 E F1 .307(are w)2.807 F .307(ords that ha)-.1 F .607 -.15(ve a s)
+-.2 H .306(pecial meaning to the shell.).15 F .306(The follo)5.306 F
+.306(wing w)-.25 F .306(ords are recognized as)-.1 F(reserv)108 724.8 Q
+.313(ed when unquoted and either the \214rst w)-.15 F .314
(ord of a command \(see)-.1 F F3 .314(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.814 F F1(belo)
-2.564 E .314(w\), the third)-.25 F -.1(wo)108 667.2 S .644(rd of a).1 F
-F2(case)3.144 E F1(or)3.144 E F2(select)3.143 E F1 .643(command \(only)
-3.143 F F2(in)3.143 E F1 .643(is v)3.143 F .643(alid\), or the third w)
--.25 F .643(ord of a)-.1 F F2 -.25(fo)3.143 G(r).25 E F1 .643
-(command \(only)3.143 F F2(in)3.143 E F1(and)3.143 E F2(do)3.143 E F1
-(are v)108 679.2 Q(alid\):)-.25 E F2 11.295(!c)144 696 S 8.795(ase copr)
--11.295 F 8.795(oc do done elif else esac \214 f)-.18 F 8.795
-(or function if in select then)-.25 F 7.5(until while { } time [[ ]])144
-708 R F1(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(3)198.45 E 0 Cg EP
+2.564 E .314(w\), the third)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
+(2024 October 15)141.235 E(3)195.395 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 4 4
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/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 84 Q F1
-(This section describes the syntax of the v)108 96 Q
-(arious forms of shell commands.)-.25 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(Simple Commands)87 112.8 Q F1(A)108 124.8 Q F0 .389(simple command)
-2.889 F F1 .389(is a sequence of optional v)2.889 F .388
-(ariable assignments follo)-.25 F .388(wed by)-.25 F F3(blank)2.888 E F1
-.388(-separated w)B .388(ords and)-.1 F .815
-(redirections, and terminated by a)108 136.8 R F0(contr)3.315 E .815
-(ol oper)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F1 5.815(.T)C .815(he \214rst w)-5.815 F
-.816(ord speci\214es the command to be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15
-E(and is passed as ar)108 148.8 Q(gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5
-E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E(guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
-(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.)-2.5 E(The return v)108 165.6 Q(alue of a)
--.25 E F0(simple command)2.5 E F1(is its e)2.5 E(xit status, or 128+)
--.15 E F0(n)A F1(if the command is terminated by signal)3.333 E F0(n)
-2.86 E F1(.).24 E F3(Pipelines)87 182.4 Q F1(A)108 194.4 Q F0(pipeline)
-2.996 E F1 .496(is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one \
-of the control operators)2.996 F F3(|)2.996 E F1(or)2.996 E F3(|&)2.996
-E F1 5.496(.T)C(he)-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 206.4 Q([)144
-223.2 Q F3(time)A F1([)2.5 E F3<ad70>A F1(]] [ ! ])A F0(command1)2.5 E
-F1 2.5([[)2.5 G F3(|)-2.5 E/F4 10/Symbol SF<ef>A F3(|&)A F1(])A F0
-(command2)2.5 E F1 -3.332 1.666(... ])2.5 H .799(The standard output of)
-108 240 R F0(command1)3.499 E F1 .799
-(is connected via a pipe to the standard input of)3.299 F F0(command2)
-3.5 E F1 5.8(.T).02 G .8(his con-)-5.8 F .215
-(nection is performed before an)108 252 R 2.715(yr)-.15 G .214
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E -.1(wo)108 84 S .644(rd of a).1 F/F2 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(case)3.144 E F1(or)3.144 E F2(select)3.143 E F1 .643
+(command \(only)3.143 F F2(in)3.143 E F1 .643(is v)3.143 F .643
+(alid\), or the third w)-.25 F .643(ord of a)-.1 F F2 -.25(fo)3.143 G(r)
+.25 E F1 .643(command \(only)3.143 F F2(in)3.143 E F1(and)3.143 E F2(do)
+3.143 E F1(are v)108 96 Q(alid\):)-.25 E F2 11.295(!c)144 112.8 S 8.795
+(ase copr)-11.295 F 8.795(oc do done elif else esac \214 f)-.18 F 8.795
+(or function if in select then)-.25 F 7.5(until while { } time [[ ]])144
+124.8 R/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 141.6 Q F1
+(This section describes the syntax of the v)108 153.6 Q
+(arious forms of shell commands.)-.25 E F2(Simple Commands)87 170.4 Q F1
+(A)108 182.4 Q F0 .389(simple command)2.889 F F1 .389
+(is a sequence of optional v)2.889 F .388(ariable assignments follo)-.25
+F .388(wed by)-.25 F F2(blank)2.888 E F1 .388(-separated w)B .388
+(ords and)-.1 F .815(redirections, and terminated by a)108 194.4 R F0
+(contr)3.315 E .815(ol oper)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F1 5.815(.T)C .815
+(he \214rst w)-5.815 F .816(ord speci\214es the command to be e)-.1 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(and is passed as ar)108 206.4 Q
+(gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E
+(guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.)
+-2.5 E(The return v)108 223.2 Q(alue of a)-.25 E F0(simple command)2.5 E
+F1(is its e)2.5 E(xit status, or 128+)-.15 E F0(n)A F1
+(if the command is terminated by signal)3.333 E F0(n)2.86 E F1(.).24 E
+F2(Pipelines)87 240 Q F1(A)108 252 Q F0(pipeline)2.996 E F1 .496(is a s\
+equence of one or more commands separated by one of the control operato\
+rs)2.996 F F2(|)2.996 E F1(or)2.996 E F2(|&)2.996 E F1 5.496(.T)C(he)
+-5.496 E(format for a pipeline is:)108 264 Q([)144 280.8 Q F2(time)A F1
+([)2.5 E F2<ad70>A F1(]] [ ! ])A F0(command1)2.5 E F1 2.5([[)2.5 G F2(|)
+-2.5 E/F4 10/Symbol SF<ef>A F2(|&)A F1(])A F0(command2)2.5 E F1 -3.332
+1.666(... ])2.5 H .799(The standard output of)108 297.6 R F0(command1)
+3.499 E F1 .799(is connected via a pipe to the standard input of)3.299 F
+F0(command2)3.5 E F1 5.8(.T).02 G .8(his con-)-5.8 F .215
+(nection is performed before an)108 309.6 R 2.715(yr)-.15 G .214
(edirections speci\214ed by the)-2.715 F F0(command1)2.914 E F1(\(see)A
/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)2.714 E F1(belo)2.464 E 2.714(w\). If)
--.25 F F3(|&)2.714 E F1 .126(is used,)108 264 R F0(command1)2.626 E F1
-1.226 -.55('s s)D .126(tandard error).55 F 2.626(,i)-.4 G 2.626(na)
--2.626 G .126(ddition to its standard output, is connected to)-2.626 F
-F0(command2)2.626 E F1 1.226 -.55('s s)D(tandard).55 E .028
-(input through the pipe; it is shorthand for)108 276 R F3 .028(2>&1 |)
-2.528 F F1 5.028(.T)C .028
-(his implicit redirection of the standard error to the stan-)-5.028 F
-(dard output is performed after an)108 288 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G
-(edirections speci\214ed by)-2.5 E F0(command1)2.5 E F1(.)A .48
-(The return status of a pipeline is the e)108 304.8 R .48
-(xit status of the last command, unless the)-.15 F F3(pipefail)2.98 E F1
-.48(option is enabled.)2.98 F(If)108 316.8 Q F3(pipefail)2.687 E F1 .187
+-.25 F F2(|&)2.714 E F1 .3(is the pipeline operator)108 321.6 R(,)-.4 E
+F0(command1)2.8 E F1 1.4 -.55('s s)D .3(tandard error).55 F 2.8(,i)-.4 G
+2.8(na)-2.8 G .3(ddition to its standard output, is connected to)-2.8 F
+F0(com-)2.8 E(mand2)108 333.6 Q F1 1.752 -.55('s s)D .651
+(tandard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for).55 F F2 .651
+(2>&1 |)3.151 F F1 5.651(.T)C .651
+(his implicit redirection of the stan-)-5.651 F
+(dard error to the standard output is performed after an)108 345.6 Q 2.5
+(yr)-.15 G(edirections speci\214ed by)-2.5 E F0(command1)2.5 E F1(.)A
+.48(The return status of a pipeline is the e)108 362.4 R .48
+(xit status of the last command, unless the)-.15 F F2(pipefail)2.98 E F1
+.48(option is enabled.)2.98 F(If)108 374.4 Q F2(pipefail)2.687 E F1 .187
(is enabled, the pipeline')2.687 F 2.687(sr)-.55 G .186
(eturn status is the v)-2.687 F .186
(alue of the last \(rightmost\) command to e)-.25 F .186(xit with a)-.15
-F .61(non-zero status, or zero if all commands e)108 328.8 R .611
+F .61(non-zero status, or zero if all commands e)108 386.4 R .611
(xit successfully)-.15 F 5.611(.I)-.65 G 3.111(ft)-5.611 G .611
-(he reserv)-3.111 F .611(ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F3(!)3.111 E F1 .611
-(precedes a pipeline, the)5.611 F -.15(ex)108 340.8 S .55
-(it status of that pipeline is the logical ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .55
-(tion of the e).05 F .55(xit status as described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15
-G 5.55(.T).15 G .55(he shell w)-5.55 F .55(aits for)-.1 F
-(all commands in the pipeline to terminate before returning a v)108
-352.8 Q(alue.)-.25 E .298(If the)108 369.6 R F3(time)2.799 E F1(reserv)
-2.799 E .299(ed w)-.15 F .299(ord precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as w\
-ell as user and system time consumed by its)-.1 F -.15(exe)108 381.6 S
-.14(cution are reported when the pipeline terminates.).15 F(The)5.139 E
-F3<ad70>2.639 E F1 .139(option changes the output format to that spec-)
-2.639 F .302(i\214ed by POSIX.)108 393.6 R .303(When the shell is in)
-5.302 F F0 .303(posix mode)2.803 F F1 2.803(,i)C 2.803(td)-2.803 G .303
-(oes not recognize)-2.803 F F3(time)2.803 E F1 .303(as a reserv)2.803 F
-.303(ed w)-.15 F .303(ord if the ne)-.1 F(xt)-.15 E(tok)108 405.6 Q .485
-(en be)-.1 F .485(gins with a \231\255\232.)-.15 F(The)5.484 E F5
-(TIMEFORMA)2.984 E(T)-.855 E F1 -.25(va)2.734 G .484
-(riable may be set to a format string that speci\214es ho).25 F 2.984
-(wt)-.25 G(he)-2.984 E .879
-(timing information should be displayed; see the description of)108
-417.6 R F5(TIMEFORMA)3.38 E(T)-.855 E F1(under)3.13 E F3 .88(Shell V)
-3.38 F(ariables)-.92 E F1(be-)3.38 E(lo)108 429.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .162
-(When the shell is in)108 446.4 R F0 .162(posix mode)2.662 F F1(,)A F3
-(time)2.662 E F1 .162(may be follo)2.662 F .161(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.661
-(wline. In)-.25 F .161(this case, the shell displays the to-)2.661 F .31
-(tal user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.)108
-458.4 R(The)5.31 E F5(TIMEFORMA)2.81 E(T)-.855 E F1 -.25(va)2.56 G .31
-(riable speci\214es the).25 F(format of the time information.)108 470.4
-Q .304(Each command in a multi-command pipeline, where pipes are create\
-d, is e)108 487.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .303(cuted in a).15 F F0(subshell)
-2.803 E F1 2.803(,w)C .303(hich is a)-2.803 F .207(separate process.)108
-499.2 R(See)5.207 E F5 .208(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.708 F(ONMENT)-.27
-E F1 .208(for a description of subshells and a sub-)2.458 F .927
-(shell en)108 511.2 R 3.427(vironment. If)-.4 F(the)3.427 E F3(lastpipe)
-3.427 E F1 .927(option is enabled using the)3.427 F F3(shopt)3.427 E F1
--.2(bu)3.427 G .927(iltin \(see the description of).2 F F3(shopt)3.426 E
-F1(belo)108 523.2 Q(w\), the last element of a pipeline may be run by t\
-he shell process when job control is not acti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.)
-.15 E F3(Lists)87 540 Q F1(A)108 552 Q F0(list)2.849 E F1 .349(is a seq\
-uence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.849 F
-F3(;)2.85 E F1(,)A F3(&)2.85 E F1(,)A F3(&&)2.85 E F1 2.85(,o)C(r)-2.85
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-(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 626.4 R F3(&)
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-F 1.04(gular e)-.15 F 1.04(xpression are)-.15 F(sa)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.2
-G 2.713(di).15 G 2.713(nt)-2.713 G .213(he remaining)-2.713 F F2 -.27
-(BA)2.713 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F1 .212(indices. The element of)
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-Q(TCH)-.855 E F1(in the global scope; declaring it as a local v)2.25 E
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+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .244(If an)144 84 R 2.744(yp)-.15 G .244
+(art of the pattern is quoted, the quoted portion is matched literally)
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+(ariable e)-.25 F .368(xpansion forces the entire pattern to be matched)
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+(xpression operators to force it to match the entire string.)-.15 E .751
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(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144
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3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o)
-5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F
-(operators.)180 213.6 Q F3(!)144 225.6 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)
--.37 E F1 -.35(Tr)180 237.6 S(ue if).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E
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-(ession1)-.37 E F3(&&)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F1
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-E(xpression.)-.15 E F3 -.25(fo)108 331.2 S(r).25 E F0(name)2.5 E F1 2.5
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-2.923 E F1 .423(is e)2.923 F .423(xpanded, generating a list of items.)
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-.648(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F F2
--.666(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F1(belo)2.899 E(w\).)-.25 E .154
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-(cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F
-(follo)144 391.2 Q(wing)-.25 E F3(in)2.5 E F1
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F1(\(\()2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F1(;)2.5 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2
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-(list)2.5 E F1(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F1 1.235(First, the arithmetic e)
-144 420 R(xpression)-.15 E F0 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F1 1.235(is e)
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-3.061 F -.25(va)-.25 G .561(luated repeatedly until).25 F .591(it e)144
-444 R -.25(va)-.25 G .591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F
-F0 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F1 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592
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-3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592(cuted and the arith-).15 F .229(metic e)144
-456 R(xpression)-.15 E F0 -.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F1 .229(is e)2.729 F
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-(xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G
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--.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F0(list)2.728 E F1
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-(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 E -.15(ex)
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-496.8 Q F0(name)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F3(in)2.5 E F0(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1
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-(xpanded, generating a list of items, and the set of e)-.15 F(xpanded)
--.15 E -.1(wo)144 520.8 S .601(rds is printed on the standard error).1 F
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-.602(is omitted, the)3.101 F .188
-(positional parameters are printed \(see)144 532.8 R F2 -.666(PA)2.688 G
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-(then displays the)2.688 F F2(PS3)2.687 E F1(prompt)2.437 E .46
-(and reads a line from the standard input.)144 544.8 R .461
-(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of)5.46 F .141
-(the displayed w)144 556.8 R .141(ords, then the v)-.1 F .141(alue of)
--.25 F F0(name)3.001 E F1 .141(is set to that w)2.821 F 2.641(ord. If)
--.1 F .141(the line is empty)2.641 F 2.641(,t)-.65 G .141(he w)-2.641 F
-.141(ords and)-.1 F 1.048(prompt are displayed ag)144 568.8 R 3.548
-(ain. If)-.05 F 1.048(EOF is read, the)3.548 F F3(select)3.548 E F1
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-(other v)144 580.8 R .32(alue read causes)-.25 F F0(name)3.18 E F1 .32
-(to be set to null.)3 F .32(The line read is sa)5.32 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.82(di).15 G 2.82(nt)-2.82 G .319(he v)-2.82 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(REPL)
-2.819 E(Y)-.828 E F4(.)A F1(The)4.819 E F0(list)144.09 592.8 Q F1 .055
-(is e)3.235 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .056(cuted after each selection until a).15
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-(select)2.556 E F1(is)2.556 E(the e)144 604.8 Q
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-(ault name is)-.1 F F2(CO-)3.9 E(PR)108 400.8 Q(OC)-.3 E F1(.)A
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-(At shell startup, set to the pathname used to in)144 237.6 R -.2(vo)-.4
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-(xe)-.15 G 1.525(cuted as).15 F .173(passed in the en)144 249.6 R .173
-(vironment or ar)-.4 F .173(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.173 E
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-(gument to the pre-)-.18 F .337(vious simple command e)144 261.6 R -.15
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+(nderscore\) This has a number of meanings depending on conte)-2.555 F
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-(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.549 F .049(Each w)
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-(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 357.6 Q F2(bash)3.141 E F1 .642(starts up, ea\
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-(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 381.6 S(SHPID).3 E
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-2.688 E F1 2.687(process. This)2.687 F(dif)2.687 E .187(fers from)-.25 F
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-F F3 -.27(BA)3.049 G(SHPID).27 E F1(ha)144 417.6 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H
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2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. If).25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E
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(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)
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-(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 561.6 Q F2(extdeb)3.363 E(ug)
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(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F2(bash)
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-(The \214-)5.206 F .567(nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at\
- the top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 621.6 R
-1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 633.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)
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-(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F3 -.27(BA)144
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--.15 F .854(ugging mode \(see the de-)-.2 F .476(scription of the)144
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-(shopt)2.975 E F1 -.2(bu)2.975 G .475(iltin belo).2 F 2.975
-(w\). Setting)-.25 F F2(extdeb)2.975 E(ug)-.2 E F1 .475
-(after the shell has)2.975 F .45(started to e)144 669.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.45(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .45(ariable when)-.25 F
+2.706 E F1 -.15(exe)2.706 G .207(cution call stack.).15 F .207
+(The \214-)5.207 F .567(nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at\
+ the top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 216 R
+.066(call is at the bottom.)144 228 R .067(When a subroutine is e)5.067
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G .067
+(cuted, the shell pushes the supplied parameters onto).15 F F3 -.27(BA)
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+(xtended deb)-.15 F .853(ugging mode \(see the de-)-.2 F .475
+(scription of the)144 252 R F2(extdeb)2.975 E(ug)-.2 E F1 .475
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F2(extdeb)2.95 E(ug)-.2 E F1 .45(is not set, may result in in-)2.95 F
-(consistent v)144 681.6 Q 2.5(alues. Assignments)-.25 F(to)2.5 E F3 -.27
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(BA)2.5 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F1(ha)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G
--.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect, and it may not be unset.).25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 693.6 S
-(SH_ARGV0).3 E F1 .251(When referenced, this v)144 705.6 R .251
-(ariable e)-.25 F .251
+-.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect, and it may not be unset.).25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 288 S
+(SH_ARGV0).3 E F1 .25(When referenced, this v)144 300 R .25(ariable e)
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(xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 F
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(acilities \(see)-.1 F F2(Pr)3.537 E 1.037(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F
-F1(be-)3.537 E(lo)144 228 Q(w\).)-.25 E F2(COMP_POINT)108 240 Q F1 .666
-(The inde)144 252 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666
+F1(be-)3.537 E(lo)144 504 Q(w\).)-.25 E F2(COMP_POINT)108 516 Q F1 .666
+(The inde)144 528 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666
(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166
(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15
F .667(If the)5.667 F .535
(current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144
-264 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F2
-(${#COMP_LINE})144 276 Q F1 5.704(.T)C .704(his v)-5.704 F .704
+540 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F2
+(${#COMP_LINE})144 552 Q F1 5.704(.T)C .704(his v)-5.704 F .704
(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .704
(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F .705(xternal commands in-)
--.15 F -.2(vo)144 288 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G
+-.15 F -.2(vo)144 564 S -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G
(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F2(Pr)2.5 E
(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(COMP_TYPE)108
-300 Q F1 .042(Set to an inte)144 312 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\
-esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion)
--.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 324 R F0 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F1
+576 Q F1 .042(Set to an inte)144 588 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\
+esponding to the type of attempted completion that caused a completion)
+-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 600 R F0 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F1
2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F0(?)2.837 E F1 2.837(,f)
C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t)
--.25 H(abs,).15 E F0(!)144 336 Q F1 3.068(,f)C .567
+-.25 H(abs,).15 E F0(!)144 612 Q F1 3.068(,f)C .567
(or listing alternati)-3.068 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.067(so).15 G 3.067(np)
-3.067 G .567(artial w)-3.067 F .567(ord completion,)-.1 F F0(@)3.067 E
F1 3.067(,t)C 3.067(ol)-3.067 G .567(ist completions if the w)-3.067 F
-.567(ord is not un-)-.1 F .417(modi\214ed, or)144 348 R F0(%)2.917 E F1
+.567(ord is not un-)-.1 F .417(modi\214ed, or)144 624 R F0(%)2.917 E F1
2.917(,f)C .417(or menu completion.)-2.917 F .417(This v)5.417 F .417
(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .418
(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F(xter)-.15 E(-)-.2 E .704
-(nal commands in)144 360 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.204(db).1 G 3.204
+(nal commands in)144 636 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.204(db).1 G 3.204
(yt)-3.204 G .704(he programmable completion f)-3.204 F .704
(acilities \(see)-.1 F F2(Pr)3.204 E .704(ogrammable Comple-)-.18 F
-(tion)144 372 Q F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(COMP_W)108 384 Q(ORDBREAKS)
--.1 E F1 1.335(The set of characters that the)144 396 R F2 -.18(re)3.836
+(tion)144 648 Q F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(COMP_W)108 660 Q(ORDBREAKS)
+-.1 E F1 1.335(The set of characters that the)144 672 R F2 -.18(re)3.836
G(adline).18 E F1 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336
(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If)
-144 408 R F3(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F1 .626
+144 684 R F3(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F1 .626
(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G
-(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 420 Q F2(COMP_W)108 432 Q(ORDS)-.1 E
-F1 .653(An array v)144 444 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)3.153 E
-F1(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w)
--.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 3.192(line. The)144 456 R
-.692(line is split into w)3.192 F .692(ords as)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)3.192 G
-(adline).18 E F1 -.1(wo)3.192 G .692(uld split it, using).1 F F3(COMP_W)
-3.192 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F1 .691(as de-)2.942 F 1.557(scribed abo)144
-468 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.557(.T).15 G 1.557(his v)-6.557 F 1.557
-(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.558
+(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 696 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
+(2024 October 15)141.235 E(13)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 14 14
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
+138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)108 84 Q(ORDS)-.1 E F1
+.653(An array v)144 96 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)3.153 E F1
+(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w)-.25
+F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 3.192(line. The)144 108 R .692
+(line is split into w)3.192 F .692(ords as)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)3.192 G
+(adline).18 E F1 -.1(wo)3.192 G .692(uld split it, using).1 F/F3 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.192 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F1 .691(as de-)2.942 F
+1.557(scribed abo)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.557(.T).15 G 1.557(his v)
+-6.557 F 1.557(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.558
(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.058
(db).1 G 4.058(yt)-4.058 G 1.558(he programmable)-4.058 F(completion f)
-144 480 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F2(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E
-F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(COPR)108 492 Q(OC)-.3 E F1 .169(An array v)
-144 504 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)2.669 E F1(belo)2.669 E
+144 132 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F2(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E
+F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(COPR)108 144 Q(OC)-.3 E F1 .169(An array v)
+144 156 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)2.669 E F1(belo)2.669 E
.169
(w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input)
--.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 516 Q F2(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses)
--.18 E F1(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2(DIRST)108 528 Q -.55(AC)
--.9 G(K).55 E F1 .789(An array v)144 540 R .789(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2
+-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 168 Q F2(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses)
+-.18 E F1(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2(DIRST)108 180 Q -.55(AC)
+-.9 G(K).55 E F1 .789(An array v)144 192 R .789(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2
(Arrays)3.289 E F1(belo)3.289 E .789
(w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F(Di-)
-5.79 E .099(rectories appear in the stack in the order the)144 552 R
+5.79 E .099(rectories appear in the stack in the order the)144 204 R
2.599(ya)-.15 G .099(re displayed by the)-2.599 F F2(dirs)2.599 E F1 -.2
(bu)2.599 G 2.598(iltin. Assigning).2 F .098(to mem-)2.598 F .84
-(bers of this array v)144 564 R .84
+(bers of this array v)144 216 R .84
(ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25
-F .84(ut the)-.2 F F2(pushd)3.34 E F1(and)144 576 Q F2(popd)3.451 E F1
+F .84(ut the)-.2 F F2(pushd)3.34 E F1(and)144 228 Q F2(popd)3.451 E F1
-.2(bu)3.451 G .951(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F 1.251 -.15
(ve d)-.15 H 3.45(irectories. Assignment).15 F .95(to this v)3.45 F .95
-(ariable will)-.25 F .378(not change the current directory)144 588 R
+(ariable will)-.25 F .378(not change the current directory)144 240 R
5.378(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.378 E F3(DIRST)2.878 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F1
.379(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.628 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.879(ni).15 G 2.879(fi)-2.879 G 2.879(ti)-2.879 G(s)-2.879 E
-(subsequently reset.)144 600 Q F2(EPOCHREAL)108 612 Q(TIME)-.92 E F1
-.338(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 624 R .337
+(subsequently reset.)144 252 Q F2(EPOCHREAL)108 264 Q(TIME)-.92 E F1
+.338(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 276 R .337
(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144
-636 Q F0(time)3.02 E F1 .39(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v).18 F .391
-(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.391(.A)-.65 G .391
-(ssignments to)-5.391 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.891 E(AL)144 648 Q(TIME)-.828 E F1
+288 Q F0(time)2.98 E F1 .35(\(3\)\) as a \215oating-point v).18 F .351
+(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.351(.A)-.65 G .351
+(ssignments to)-5.351 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.851 E(AL)144 300 Q(TIME)-.828 E F1
1.091(are ignored.)3.341 F(If)6.091 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E
F1 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.59(ni).15 G 3.59(fi)-3.59 G 3.59(ti)-3.59 G(s)-3.59 E
-(subsequently reset.)144 660 Q F2(EPOCHSECONDS)108 672 Q F1 .337
-(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 684 R .338
+(subsequently reset.)144 312 Q F2(EPOCHSECONDS)108 324 Q F1 .337
+(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 336 R .338
(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144
-696 Q F0(time)4.144 E F1 4.014(\(3\)\). Assignments).18 F(to)4.014 E F3
+348 Q F0(time)4.144 E F1 4.014(\(3\)\). Assignments).18 F(to)4.014 E F3
(EPOCHSECONDS)4.014 E F1 1.513(are ignored.)3.764 F(If)6.513 E F3
(EPOCHSECONDS)4.013 E F1 1.513(is unset, it)3.763 F
-(loses its special properties, e)144 708 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G
-2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(13)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 14 14
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(EUID)108 84 Q F1 1.103
-(Expands to the ef)144 84 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103
-(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103
-(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104
-(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 96 Q(.)-.65 E F2(FUNCN)108 108 Q(AME)-.2
-E F1 .479(An array v)144 120 R .479
+(loses its special properties, e)144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G
+2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F2
+(EUID)108 372 Q F1 1.103(Expands to the ef)144 372 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403
+-.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G
+1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104
+(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 384 Q(.)-.65 E F2(FUNCN)108 396 Q(AME)
+-.2 E F1 .479(An array v)144 408 R .479
(ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e)
-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276
-(The element with inde)144 132 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276
+(The element with inde)144 420 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276
(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15
G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .065
-(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 144 R .065
+(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 432 R .065
(x\) is \231main\232.)-.15 F .065(This v)5.065 F .065(ariable e)-.25 F
-.065(xists only when a shell function)-.15 F .002(is e)144 156 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 2.502(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.502 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(FUNCN)2.502 E(AME)-.18 E F1(ha)2.252 E .302 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.502(oe)
-.15 G -.25(ff)-2.502 G 2.502(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.502 E(AME)-.18 E
-F1 .003(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.252 F(cial properties, e)144 168 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G
-(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 184.8 R .111
+.065(xists only when a shell function)-.15 F .002(is e)144 444 R -.15
+(xe)-.15 G 2.502(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to)2.502 E F3(FUNCN)2.502 E
+(AME)-.18 E F1(ha)2.252 E .302 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.502(oe).15 G -.25(ff)
+-2.502 G 2.502(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.502 E(AME)-.18 E F1 .003
+(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.252 F(cial properties, e)144 456 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G
+(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 472.8 R .111
(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F1
(and)2.611 E F2 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F1 5.111(.E)C .111
-(ach element of)-5.111 F F2(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 196.8 S(ME).2 E F1
+(ach element of)-5.111 F F2(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 484.8 S(ME).2 E F1
1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F2 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO)
.3 E F1(and)3.904 E F2 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F1 1.404
-(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 208.8 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G
+(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 496.8 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G
2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F2(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F0($i)A
F2(]})A F1 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le)
-2.512 F F2(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F0($i+1)A F2(]})A F1 1.183
-(at line number)144 220.8 R F2(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F0($i)A F2
+(at line number)144 508.8 R F2(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F0($i)A F2
(]})A F1 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F2(caller)3.683 E F1 -.2(bu)3.683 G
1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F
-(this information.)144 232.8 Q F2(GR)108 244.8 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F1 1.229
-(An array v)144 256.8 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of \
+(this information.)144 520.8 Q F2(GR)108 532.8 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F1 1.229
+(An array v)144 544.8 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of \
which the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228
-E .571(ments to)144 268.8 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F1(ha)2.822 E .872
+E .571(ments to)144 556.8 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F1(ha)2.822 E .872
-.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3
(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F1 .572
(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E
-(subsequently reset.)144 280.8 Q F2(HISTCMD)108 292.8 Q F1 2.811
-(The history number)144 304.8 R 5.311(,o)-.4 G 5.311(ri)-5.311 G(nde)
+(subsequently reset.)144 568.8 Q F2(HISTCMD)108 580.8 Q F1 2.811
+(The history number)144 592.8 R 5.311(,o)-.4 G 5.311(ri)-5.311 G(nde)
-5.311 E 5.311(xi)-.15 G 5.311(nt)-5.311 G 2.811
(he history list, of the current command.)-5.311 F 2.81(Assignments to)
-7.81 F F3(HISTCMD)144 316.8 Q F1 1.134(are ignored.)3.384 F(If)6.134 E
+7.81 F F3(HISTCMD)144 604.8 Q F1 1.134(are ignored.)3.384 F(If)6.134 E
F3(HISTCMD)3.634 E F1 1.135
(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.385 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.635(ni).15 G 3.635(fi)-3.635 G 3.635(ti)-3.635 G 3.635(ss)-3.635 G
-(ubse-)-3.635 E(quently reset.)144 328.8 Q F2(HOSTN)108 340.8 Q(AME)-.2
-E F1(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 352.8 Q F2
-(HOSTTYPE)108 364.8 Q F1 .223(Automatically set to a string that unique\
-ly describes the type of machine on which)144 376.8 R F2(bash)2.722 E F1
-.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 388.8 R
-(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F2(LINENO)108 400.8 Q F1
+(ubse-)-3.635 E(quently reset.)144 616.8 Q F2(HOSTN)108 628.8 Q(AME)-.2
+E F1(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 640.8 Q F2
+(HOSTTYPE)108 652.8 Q F1 .223(Automatically set to a string that unique\
+ly describes the type of machine on which)144 664.8 R F2(bash)2.722 E F1
+.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 676.8 R
+(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F2(LINENO)108 688.8 Q F1
1.408(Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a d\
-ecimal number representing the)144 412.8 R .078(current sequential line\
- number \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 424.8 R
-.078(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 436.8 R
+ecimal number representing the)144 700.8 R .078(current sequential line\
+ number \(starting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 712.8 R
+.078(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 724.8 R
.306(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)
5.307 E F3(LINENO)2.807 E F1 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F
-(special properties, e)144 448.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)
--2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F2(MA)108
-460.8 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F1 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully \
-describes the system type on which)144 472.8 R F2(bash)3.398 E F1 .898
-(is e)3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144
-484.8 Q F0(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F1 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E
-(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F2(MAPFILE)108 496.8 Q F1 .293
-(An array v)144 508.8 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)2.793 E F1
-(belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294
-(xt read by the)-.15 F F2(map\214le)2.794 E F1 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294
-(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 520.8 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E
-F2(OLDPWD)108 532.8 Q F1(The pre)144 544.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E
-(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E F1(command.)2.5 E F2
-(OPT)108 556.8 Q(ARG)-.9 E F1 1.627(The v)144 568.8 R 1.627
-(alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F
-F2(getopts)4.127 E F1 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F3
-(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 580.8 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1
-(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTIND)108 592.8 Q F1 1.651(The inde)144
-604.8 R 4.151(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651
-(xt ar)-.15 F 1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F2(getopts)
-4.152 E F1 -.2(bu)4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.152
-E -.09(BU)144 616.8 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)
--.25 E F2(OSTYPE)108 628.8 Q F1 .329(Automatically set to a string that\
- describes the operating system on which)144 640.8 R F2(bash)2.829 E F1
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-3.616 F(MAR)144 492 Q F1(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F4(PS4)108
-504 Q F1 .101(The v)144 504 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F
-.101(xpanded as with)-.15 F F5(PS1)2.6 E F1 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1
-(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F4(bash)144 516 Q F1 .334
+324 Q(ault is \231> \232.)-.1 E F2(PS3)108 336 Q F1 1.115(The v)144 336
+R 1.115(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F2
+(select)3.615 E F1 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F3 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)
+3.616 F(MAR)144 348 Q F1(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2(PS4)108
+360 Q F1 .101(The v)144 360 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F
+.101(xpanded as with)-.15 F F3(PS1)2.6 E F1 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1
+(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F2(bash)144 372 Q F1 .334
(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F
.335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335
-(alue of)-.25 F F5(PS4)2.835 E F1 .335(is repli-)2.585 F
-(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 528 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5
+(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)2.835 E F1 .335(is repli-)2.585 F
+(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 384 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5
G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E
-(The def)5 E(ault is \231+ \232.)-.1 E F4(SHELL)108 540 Q F1 .543
-(This v)144 552 R .543(ariable e)-.25 F .543
+(The def)5 E(ault is \231+ \232.)-.1 E F2(SHELL)108 396 Q F1 .543
+(This v)144 408 R .543(ariable e)-.25 F .543
(xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .542
-(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F4(bash)3.042 E F1
-(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 564 Q 2.5(sl)
--.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F4(TIMEFORMA)108 576 Q(T)-.95 E F1 .826(The v)
-144 588 R .826
+(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F2(bash)3.042 E F1
+(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 420 Q 2.5(sl)
+-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F2(TIMEFORMA)108 432 Q(T)-.95 E F1 .826(The v)
+144 444 R .826
(alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F
3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649
-(pipelines pre\214x)144 600 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F4(time)3.149 E F1
+(pipelines pre\214x)144 456 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F2(time)3.149 E F1
(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
-(The)5.648 E F4(%)3.148 E F1 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711
-(an escape sequence that is e)144 612 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
+(The)5.648 E F2(%)3.148 E F1 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711
+(an escape sequence that is e)144 468 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F
-(and their meanings are as follo)144 624 Q(ws; the brack)-.25 E
-(ets denote optional portions.)-.1 E F4(%%)144 636 Q F1 2.5(Al)194 636 S
-(iteral)-2.5 E F4(%)2.5 E F1(.)A F4(%[)144 648 Q F0(p)A F4(][l]R)A F1
-(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 648 Q F4(%[)144 660 Q F0(p)A F4(][l]U)
-A F1(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 660 Q F4(%[)144
-672 Q F0(p)A F4(][l]S)A F1
-(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 672 Q F4(%P)144 684
-Q F1(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 684 Q .87
-(The optional)144 700.8 R F0(p)3.37 E F1 .87(is a digit specifying the)
+(and their meanings are as follo)144 480 Q(ws; the brack)-.25 E
+(ets denote optional portions.)-.1 E F2(%%)144 492 Q F1 2.5(Al)194 492 S
+(iteral)-2.5 E F2(%)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(%[)144 504 Q F0(p)A F2(][l]R)A F1
+(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 504 Q F2(%[)144 516 Q F0(p)A F2(][l]U)
+A F1(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 516 Q F2(%[)144
+528 Q F0(p)A F2(][l]S)A F1
+(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 528 Q F2(%P)144 540
+Q F1(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 540 Q .87
+(The optional)144 556.8 R F0(p)3.37 E F1 .87(is a digit specifying the)
3.37 F F0(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F1 3.37(,t)C .87
-(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.963(point. A)
-144 712.8 R -.25(va)2.963 G .463
-(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .464
-(At most six places after the)5.463 F .538
-(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 724.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F0
-(p)3.038 E F1 .537(greater than 6 are changed to 6.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E
-F0(p)3.037 E F1 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
-(2024 March 29)144.29 E(19)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 20 20
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-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(the v)144 84 Q(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667
-(The optional)144 100.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(l)3.167 E F1 .668
+(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 3.225(point. A)
+144 568.8 R -.25(va)3.225 G .725
+(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F F2
+(time)5.725 E F1 .726(will print at most six)3.226 F 1.035
+(digits after the decimal point; v)144 580.8 R 1.034(alues of)-.25 F F0
+(p)3.534 E F1 1.034(greater than 6 are changed to 6.)3.534 F(If)6.034 E
+F0(p)3.534 E F1 1.034(is not speci\214ed,)3.534 F F2(time)144 592.8 Q F1
+(prints three digits after the decimal point.)2.5 E .667(The optional)
+144 609.6 R F2(l)3.167 E F1 .668
(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F F0
(MM)3.168 E F1(m)A F0(SS)A F1(.)A F0(FF)A F1 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va)
-3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 112.8 Q F0(p)2.5 E F1
+3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 621.6 Q F0(p)2.5 E F1
(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365
-(If this v)144 129.6 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F2(bash)15.865
+(If this v)144 638.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F2(bash)15.865
E F1 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F2($\010\\nr)
-144 141.6 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F1 5.292
+144 650.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F1 5.292
(.I)C 2.792(ft)-5.292 G .292(he v)-2.792 F .293(alue is null,)-.25 F F2
(bash)2.793 E F1 .293(does not display an)2.793 F 2.793(yt)-.15 G(iming)
--2.793 E 2.5(information. A)144 153.6 R(trailing ne)2.5 E
+-2.793 E 2.5(information. A)144 662.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E
(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F2(TMOUT)108
-165.6 Q F1 .941(If set to a v)144 177.6 R .941(alue greater than zero,)
--.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F1 .941(is treated as the def)
-3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F1
--.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 189.6 Q F2(select)2.81 E F1 .31
-(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
-(fter).15 E F3(TMOUT)2.811 E F1 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F
-.886(ing from a terminal.)144 201.6 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185
--.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885
-(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 213.6
-S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F2
-(Bash)6.05 E F1 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1
-F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 225.6
-Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2(TMPDIR)108 237.6 Q F1 .391(If set,)144 249.6
-R F2(bash)2.891 E F1 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391
+674.4 Q F1 .226(If set to a v)144 686.4 R .225
+(alue greater than zero, the)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)2.725 G(ad).18 E F1 -.2
+(bu)2.725 G .225(iltin uses the v).2 F .225(alue as its def)-.25 F .225
+(ault timeout.)-.1 F(The)5.225 E F2(select)2.725 E F1 .68
+(command terminates if input does not arri)144 698.4 R .98 -.15(ve a)
+-.25 H(fter).15 E F3(TMOUT)3.18 E F1 .68
+(seconds when input is coming from a)2.93 F 2.555(terminal. In)144 710.4
+R .055(an interacti)2.555 F .355 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .055(hell, the v).15 F
+.055(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to w)-.25 F .055
+(ait for a line)-.1 F 2.224(of input after issuing the primary prompt.)
+144 722.4 R F2(Bash)7.224 E F1 2.224(terminates after w)4.724 F 2.225
+(aiting for that number of)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 October 15)
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+/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
+138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)
+144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMPDIR)108 96 Q F1
+.391(If set,)144 108 R F2(bash)2.891 E F1 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391
(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F2(bash)2.89 E F1 .39
-(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 261.6 Q 2.5(su)-.55
-G(se.)-2.5 E F2(auto_r)108 273.6 Q(esume)-.18 E F1 .53(This v)144 285.6
-R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531
+(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 120 Q 2.5(su)-.55 G
+(se.)-2.5 E F2(auto_r)108 132 Q(esume)-.18 E F1 .53(This v)144 144 R .53
+(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531
(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531
-(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 297.6 R
-.538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\
- for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 309.6 S .366(isting stopped job)
-.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366
-(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F
-1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144
-321.6 R(The)6.125 E F0(name)3.985 E F1 1.124(of a stopped job, in this)
-3.805 F(conte)144 333.6 Q 1.132
-(xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v)
-6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F0 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F1 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133
-(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .606
-(match the name of a stopped job e)144 345.6 R .606(xactly; if set to)
--.15 F F0(substring)3.445 E F1 3.105(,t).22 G .605
-(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.105 F .884
-(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 357.6 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he)
--5.884 E F0(substring)3.724 E F1 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885
-(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 369.6 Q F2(%?)3.334 E
-F1 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F3 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27
-E F1(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo)
--.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315
-(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 381.6 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316
-(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F
-F2(%)2.816 E F0(string)A F1(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 393.6 Q(.)-.55
-E F2(histchars)108 405.6 Q F1 .546(The tw)144 417.6 R 3.046(oo)-.1 G
-3.046(rt)-3.046 G .546(hree characters which control history e)-3.046 F
-.545(xpansion and tok)-.15 F .545(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.045 E
-(OR)-.162 E 2.795(YE)-.315 G(X-)-2.795 E -.666(PA)144 429.6 S(NSION).666
-E F1(belo)2.987 E 3.237(w\). The)-.25 F .737(\214rst character is the)
-3.237 F F0 .737(history e)3.237 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1(character)3.238 E
-3.238(,t)-.4 G .738(he character which sig-)-3.238 F .613
-(nals the start of a history e)144 441.6 R .613(xpansion, normally \231)
--.15 F F2(!)A F1 3.113(\232. The)B .612(second character is the)3.113 F
-F0(quic)3.112 E 3.112(ks)-.2 G(ubstitution)-3.112 E F1(character)144
-453.6 Q 3.476(,w)-.4 G .977
-(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-3.476 F .977
-(vious command entered, substituting)-.25 F .508(one string for another\
- in the command, when it appears as the \214rst character on the line.)
-144 465.6 R .507(The de-)5.507 F -.1(fa)144 477.6 S .232(ult is \231).1
-F F2<00>A F1 2.732(\232. The)B .233(optional third character is the cha\
-racter which indicates that the remainder of the)2.732 F .069
-(line is a comment when found as the \214rst character of a w)144 489.6
-R .069(ord, normally \231)-.1 F F2(#)A F1 2.568(\232. The)B .068
-(history comment)2.568 F .141(character causes history substitution to \
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-.142(It does not)5.142 F(necessarily cause the shell parser to treat th\
-e rest of the line as a comment.)144 513.6 Q F2(Arrays)87 530.4 Q(Bash)
-108 542.4 Q F1(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)
--.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89
-(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 554.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F2(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F1 -.2
-(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15
-F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F
-.329(an array)108 566.4 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr)
--.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F
-5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328
-(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 578.4 R
-1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595
+(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .409
+(simple commands consisting of only a single w)144 156 R .409
+(ord, without redirections, are treated as candidates)-.1 F 1.017
+(for resumption of an e)144 168 R 1.017(xisting stopped job)-.15 F 6.017
+(.T)-.4 G 1.018(here is no ambiguity allo)-6.017 F 1.018
+(wed; if there is more than)-.25 F 1.002(one job be)144 180 R 1.002
+(ginning with or containing the w)-.15 F 1.002
+(ord, this selects the most recently accessed job)-.1 F 6.002(.T)-.4 G
+(he)-6.002 E F0(name)144.36 192 Q F1 .603
+(of a stopped job, in this conte)3.283 F .603
+(xt, is the command line used to start it, as displayed by)-.15 F F2
+(jobs)3.104 E F1(.)A 1.079(If set to the v)144 204 R(alue)-.25 E F0 -.2
+(ex)3.579 G(act).2 E F1 3.579(,t).68 G 1.079(he w)-3.579 F 1.078
+(ord must match the name of a stopped job e)-.1 F 1.078
+(xactly; if set to)-.15 F F0(sub-)3.918 E(string)144 216 Q F1 2.571(,t)
+.22 G .071(he w)-2.571 F .072
+(ord needs to match a substring of the name of a stopped job)-.1 F 5.072
+(.T)-.4 G(he)-5.072 E F0(substring)2.912 E F1 -.25(va)2.792 G .072
+(lue pro-).25 F .576(vides functionality analogous to the)144 228 R F2
+(%?)3.076 E F1 .576(job identi\214er \(see)5.576 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
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+(alue \(e.g.,)-.25 F F0(pr)4.592 E(e\214x)-.37 E F1 .842(\), the w).53 F
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+(ame; this pro)-3.343 F .843(vides func-)-.15 F
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+(hree characters which control history e)-3.046 F .545(xpansion and tok)
+-.15 F .545(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.045 E(OR)-.162 E 2.795(YE)
+-.315 G(X-)-2.795 E -.666(PA)144 288 S(NSION).666 E F1(belo)3.158 E
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+(second character is the)3.474 F F0(quic)3.474 E 3.473(ks)-.2 G
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+324 Q .103(vious command, replacing one string with another)-.25 F 5.102
+(.T)-.55 G .102(he optional third character is the character)-5.102 F
+.492(which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when f\
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+(rd, normally \231).1 F F2(#)A F1 3.268(\232. The)B .767(history commen\
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+(ing w)144 360 R .201(ords on the line.)-.1 F .202(It does not necessar\
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+(comment.)144 372 Q F2(Arrays)87 388.8 Q(Bash)108 400.8 Q F1(pro)3.391 E
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+-3.641 F(inde)108 412.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)
+-2.573 F F2(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e)
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+(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F .329(an array)108
+424.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr)-.15 G .329
+(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(do).15 G
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+F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 436.8 R 1.595
+(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595
(xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25
H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108
-590.4 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
+448.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
(rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15
-(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 607.2 R -.15(xe)
+(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 465.6 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F
4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F
-F0(name)4.962 E F1([)A F0(sub-)A(script)108 619.2 Q F1(]=)A F0(value)A
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--.15(ve t)-.15 H(he array itself.).15 E .029(When using a v)108 655.2 R
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-(The)108 696 Q F2(declar)2.684 E(e)-.18 E F1(,)A F2(local)2.684 E F1
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-(and quote remo)108 177.6 Q -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E .257
-(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 194.4 R
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(ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.)
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-(is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F
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+-.15 F F0(pr)4.015 E(eamble)-.37 E F1 2.765(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.765 E .265
+(wed by either a series)-.25 F 1.315
+(of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)108 271.2 R 1.315
+(xpression between a pair of braces, follo)-.15 F 1.316
+(wed by an optional)-.25 F F0(postscript)109.25 283.2 Q F1 5.66(.T).68 G
+.66(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.66 F .659(ed to each string contained wi\
+thin the braces, and the postscript is then)-.15 F
+(appended to each resulting string, e)108 295.2 Q
+(xpanding left to right.)-.15 E .472(Brace e)108 312 R .472
+(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .472(The results of each e)5.472 F .473
+(xpanded string are not sorted; brace e)-.15 F .473(xpansion pre-)-.15 F
+(serv)108 324 Q(es left to right order)-.15 E 5(.F)-.55 G(or e)-5.15 E
+(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F1(d,c,b)A F2(})A F1 2.5(ee)C
+(xpands into \231ade ace abe\232.)-2.65 E 3.149(As)108 340.8 S .649
+(equence e)-3.149 F .649(xpression tak)-.15 F .649(es the form)-.1 F F2
+({)3.149 E F0(x)A F2(..)A F0(y)A F2([..)A F0(incr)A F2(]})A F1 3.149(,w)
+C(here)-3.149 E F0(x)3.149 E F1(and)3.149 E F0(y)3.149 E F1 .649
+(are either inte)3.149 F .648(gers or single letters, and)-.15 F F0
+(incr)108 352.8 Q F1 2.615(,a)C 2.615(no)-2.615 G .115
+(ptional increment, is an inte)-2.615 F(ger)-.15 E 5.115(.W)-.55 G .115
+(hen inte)-5.115 F .115(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .115
+(xpression e)-.15 F .115(xpands to each num-)-.15 F .736(ber between)108
+364.8 R F0(x)3.236 E F1(and)3.236 E F0(y)3.236 E F1 3.236(,i)C(nclusi)
+-3.236 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.736(.I).15 G 3.236(ft)-5.736 G .736
+(he supplied inte)-3.236 F .736(gers are pre\214x)-.15 F .736(ed with)
+-.15 F F0(0)3.236 E F1 3.236(,e)C .735(ach term will ha)-3.236 F 1.035
+-.15(ve t)-.2 H .735(he same).15 F .225
+(width, zero-padding if necessary)108 376.8 R 5.225(.W)-.65 G .226
(hen either)-5.225 F F0(x)2.726 E F1(or)2.726 E F0(y)2.726 E F1(be)2.726
E .226(gins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all gen-)-.15 F
1.073(erated terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding w\
-here necessary)108 470.4 R 6.072(.W)-.65 G 1.072(hen letters are sup-)
--6.072 F .567(plied, the e)108 482.4 R .567(xpression e)-.15 F .567
+here necessary)108 388.8 R 6.072(.W)-.65 G 1.072(hen letters are sup-)
+-6.072 F .567(plied, the e)108 400.8 R .567(xpression e)-.15 F .567
(xpands to each character le)-.15 F .567(xicographically between)-.15 F
F0(x)3.067 E F1(and)3.067 E F0(y)3.068 E F1 3.068(,i)C(nclusi)-3.068 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.068(,u).15 G .568(sing the de-)-3.068 F -.1(fa)108
-494.4 S .574(ult C locale.).1 F .574(Note that both)5.574 F F0(x)3.074 E
+412.8 S .574(ult C locale.).1 F .574(Note that both)5.574 F F0(x)3.074 E
F1(and)3.074 E F0(y)3.074 E F1 .574(must be of the same type \(inte)
3.074 F .574(ger or letter\).)-.15 F .573(When the increment is)5.573 F
-(supplied, it is used as the dif)108 506.4 Q(ference between each term.)
+(supplied, it is used as the dif)108 424.8 Q(ference between each term.)
-.25 E(The def)5 E(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E
-.581(Brace e)108 523.2 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F
+.581(Brace e)108 441.6 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F
3.081(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082
(yc)-.15 G .582(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E
-.016(are preserv)108 535.2 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
-(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F3(Bash)5.016 E F1 .015
+.016(are preserv)108 453.6 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
+(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F1 .015
(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015
-(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 547.2 Q
+(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 465.6 Q
(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)
--.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 564 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(xp\
-ansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least o\
-ne un-)-.15 F .458(quoted comma or a v)108 576 R .458(alid sequence e)
--.25 F 2.958(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458
-(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .457(xpansion is left unchanged.)
--.15 F(A)108 588 Q F3({)2.521 E F1(or)2.521 E F3(,)2.521 E F1 .021
-(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.521 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
-(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.522(xpression. T)-.15
-F 2.522(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.722 G(id).2 E .172
-(con\215icts with parameter e)108 600 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
-F3(${)2.672 E F1 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F
-.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 612 Q
-(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F3(})2.5 E F1(.)A 1.476(This constru\
+-.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 482.4 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(\
+xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\
+ one un-)-.15 F(quoted comma or a v)108 494.4 Q(alid sequence e)-.25 E
+2.5(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.5(yi)-.15 G(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.5 E
+(xpansion is left unchanged.)-.15 E(A)108 511.2 Q F2({)2.522 E F1(or)
+2.522 E F2(,)2.522 E F1 .022(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.522
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G .021(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F
+2.521(xpression. T)-.15 F 2.521(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.721 G(id).2 E .172
+(con\215icts with parameter e)108 523.2 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15
+F F2(${)2.672 E F1 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F
+.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 535.2 Q
+(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F2(})2.5 E F1(.)A 1.476(This constru\
ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\
-gs to be generated is)108 628.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 640.8 Q .3
--.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144
-657.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 669.6 Q(cho)144
-681.6 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15
-E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 698.4 R .618
+gs to be generated is)108 552 R(longer than in the abo)108 564 Q .3 -.15
+(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 580.8 Q
+-.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 592.8 Q(cho)144 604.8 Q
+(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)
+-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 621.6 R .618
(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
-.618(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)3.118 E F1(.)A F3(sh)5.618 E F1 .618
-(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
-(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 710.4 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
-.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
-(es them in the output.)-.15 F F3(Bash)5.248 E F1(remo)108 722.4 Q -.15
+.618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F1(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F1 .618
+(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248
+(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 633.6 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G
+.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247
+(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F1(remo)108 645.6 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03
-(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F3(sh)
-3.53 E F1(as)3.53 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(22)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 23 23
+(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh)
+3.53 E F1(as)3.53 E F0(\214le{1,2})108 657.6 Q F1 .062
+(appears identically in the output.)2.562 F F2(Bash)5.061 E F1 .061
+(outputs that w)2.561 F .061(ord as)-.1 F F0 .061(\214le1 \214le2)4.471
+F F1 .061(after brace e)2.581 F 2.561(xpansion. Start)-.15 F F2(bash)108
+669.6 Q F1 .844(with the)3.344 F F2(+B)3.344 E F1 .845
+(option or disable brace e)3.344 F .845(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)
+3.345 E F1 .845(option to the)3.345 F F2(set)3.345 E F1 .845
+(command \(see)3.345 F F3(SHELL)3.345 E -.09(BU)108 681.6 S(IL).09 E
+(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\) for strict)-.25 E F2(sh)2.5 E
+F1(compatibility)2.5 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 698.4 S(lde Expansion).18
+E F1 .846(If a w)108 710.4 R .846(ord be)-.1 F .846
+(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(\231)-.15 F F2<01>A F1 .846
+(\232\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(sl\
+ash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered\
+ a)108 722.4 R F0(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F1 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)
+-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
+(2024 October 15)141.235 E(23)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 24 24
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
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/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E F0(\214le{1,2})108 84 Q F1 .514
-(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515
-(ord is output as)-.1 F F0 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F1 .515(after e)
-3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.015 E F1(.)
-A .437(If strict compatibility with)108 96 R F2(sh)2.936 E F1 .436
-(is desired, start)2.936 F F2(bash)2.936 E F1 .436(with the)2.936 F F2
-(+B)2.936 E F1 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436
-(xpansion with the)-.15 F F2(+B)108 108 Q F1(option to the)2.5 E F2(set)
-2.5 E F1(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09
-E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.18(Ti)87 124.8 S
-(lde Expansion).18 E F1 .845(If a w)108 136.8 R .846(ord be)-.1 F .846
-(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(\231)-.15 F F2<01>A F1 .846
-(\232\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(sl\
-ash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered\
- a)108 148.8 R F0(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F1 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)
--5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\
- are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 160.8 R .726
-(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F0(lo)108 172.8 Q .523
-(gin name)-.1 F F1 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .726(in the tilde-pre\214x are quoted, the charact\
+ers in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 84 R .725
+(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F0(lo)108 96 Q .522
+(gin name)-.1 F F1 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522
(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 184.8 Q/F4
-9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F1 .287
-(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287
-(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\
-ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \
-with the speci\214ed login name.)108 196.8 Q .368
-(If the tilde-pre\214x is a \231\001+\232, the v)108 213.6 R .368
-(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.868 E F1 .368
+-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(HOME)108 108 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(If)5.077 E F2(HOME)3.077 E
+F1 .577(is unset, the tilde e)2.827 F .577
+(xpands to the home directory of the user e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .576
+(cuting the shell instead.).15 F(Otherwise, the tilde-pre\214x is repla\
+ced with the home directory associated with the speci\214ed login name.)
+108 120 Q .368(If the tilde-pre\214x is a \231\001+\232, the v)108 136.8
+R .368(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(PWD)2.868 E F1 .368
(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.618 F .368(If the tilde-pre\214x)5.368 F
-.185(is a \231\001\255\232, the v)108 225.6 R .185(alue of the shell v)
--.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)2.685 E F4(,)A F1 .185
-(if it is set, is substituted.)2.435 F .185(If the characters follo)
-5.185 F .185(wing the)-.25 F .658
-(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 237.6 R F0(N)3.158
-E F1 3.158(,o)C .658(ptionally pre\214x)-3.158 F .657
-(ed by a \231+\232 or a \231\255\232, the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F
-.138(placed with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as\
- it w)108 249.6 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F2(dirs)2.639 E F1
--.2(bu)2.639 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 261.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.839
-(dw).1 G .338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.839 F 2.838(gument. If)
--.18 F .338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338
-(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist)-.25 F(of a number withou\
-t a leading \231+\232 or \231\255\232, \231+\232 is assumed.)108 273.6 Q
-(If the login name is in)108 290.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e)
-.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166
-(Each v)108 307.2 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167
-(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F
-.167(wing a)-.25 F F2(:)2.667 E F1 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F2(=)
-2.667 E F1 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E .468(these cases, tilde e)108 319.2 R
-.468(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)
--.65 G .467(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F
-(ments to)108 331.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25
-E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F1(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)
--.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F1(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)
--.15 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(Bash)108 348 Q F1 1.768(also performs tilde e)
-4.268 F 1.768(xpansion on w)-.15 F 1.769
-(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F 1.769
-(ariable assignments \(as de-)-.25 F .464(scribed abo)108 360 R .764
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.964 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A
-F1 .464(when the)2.714 F 2.964(ya)-.15 G .464(ppear as ar)-2.964 F .463
-(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F F2(Bash)5.463 E F1 .463(does not)
-2.963 F(do this, e)108 372 Q(xcept for the)-.15 E F0(declar)2.5 E(ation)
--.15 E F1(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)
--2.5 E F0(posix mode)2.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.1(Pa)87 388.8 S
-(rameter Expansion).1 E F1 .014(The \231)108 400.8 R F2($)A F1 2.514
-<9a63>C .014(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.514 F .014
-(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.515
-(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.515 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e)
-108 412.8 R .314
+.227(is a \231\001\255\232, the shell substitutes the v)108 148.8 R .227
+(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(OLDPWD)2.727 E F3(,)A F1
+.227(if it is set.)2.477 F .227(If the characters follo)5.227 F(w-)-.25
+E .296(ing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 160.8
+R F0(N)2.796 E F1 2.796(,o)C .296(ptionally pre\214x)-2.796 F .296
+(ed by a \231+\232 or a \231\255\232, the tilde-pre\214x)-.15 F .814(is\
+ replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as i\
+t w)108 172.8 R .813(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(dirs)3.313 E F1 -.2(bu)108 184.8 S .698(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
+-.1(ke).2 G 3.198(dw).1 G .698(ith the characters follo)-3.198 F .699
+(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-.25 F 3.199(gument. If)
+-.18 F .699(the characters)3.199 F(follo)108 196.8 Q .482(wing the tild\
+e in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number without a leading \231+\232\
+ or \231\255\232, tilde e)-.25 F .481(xpansion as-)-.15 F
+(sumes \231+\232.)108 208.8 Q .54(The results of tilde e)108 225.6 R .54
+(xpansion are treated as if the)-.15 F 3.04(yw)-.15 G .54
+(ere quoted, so the replacement is not subject to w)-3.04 F(ord)-.1 E
+(splitting and pathname e)108 237.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E
+(If the login name is in)108 254.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e)
+.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the tilde-pre\214x is unchanged.)-.1 E F4
+(Bash)108 271.2 Q F1 .578(checks each v)3.078 F .578
+(ariable assignment for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F .578
+(es immediately follo)-.15 F .578(wing a)-.25 F F4(:)3.078 E F1 .578
+(or the \214rst)3.078 F F4(=)3.078 E F1(,)A 1.041(and performs tilde e)
+108 283.2 R 1.041(xpansion in these cases.)-.15 F(Consequently)6.041 E
+3.541(,o)-.65 G 1.042(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)
+-3.541 F(ments to)108 295.2 Q F2 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F3(,)A F2
+(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F1(and)2.25 E F2(CDP)2.5
+E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F1(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E
+(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E F4(Bash)108 312 Q F1 1.769
+(also performs tilde e)4.269 F 1.769(xpansion on w)-.15 F 1.768
+(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F 1.768
+(ariable assignments \(as de-)-.25 F .463(scribed abo)108 324 R .763
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.963 G(RAMETERS).666 E F3(\))A
+F1 .463(when the)2.713 F 2.963(ya)-.15 G .463(ppear as ar)-2.963 F .464
+(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F F4(Bash)5.464 E F1 .464(does not)
+2.964 F(do this, e)108 336 Q(xcept for the)-.15 E F0(declar)2.5 E(ation)
+-.15 E F1(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G
+(hen in posix mode.)-2.5 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 352.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E
+F1 .015(The \231)108 364.8 R F4($)A F1 2.515<9a63>C .014
+(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.515 F .014
+(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.514
+(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.514 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e)
+108 376.8 R .314
(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .314
-(ut serv)-.2 F 2.813(et)-.15 G 2.813(op)-2.813 G(rotect)-2.813 E .414
-(the v)108 424.8 R .414(ariable to be e)-.25 F .414
-(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .415
+(ut serv)-.2 F 2.814(et)-.15 G 2.814(op)-2.814 G(rotect)-2.814 E .415
+(the v)108 388.8 R .415(ariable to be e)-.25 F .415
+(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .414
(wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(the name.)108
-436.8 Q 1.073
+400.8 Q 1.072
(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst \231)108
-453.6 R F2(})A F1 3.573<9a6e>C 1.072
-(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.573 F .821
-(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 465.6 R .822
+417.6 R F4(})A F1 3.573<9a6e>C 1.073
+(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.573 F .822
+(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 429.6 R .821
(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
-(pansion.)108 477.6 Q(${)108 494.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A .106
-(The v)144 506.4 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F1
-.106(is substituted.)2.606 F .106(The braces are required when)5.106 F
-F0(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .11
-(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 518.4 R F0(par)3.86 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F1 .111(is follo)3.341 F .111
-(wed by a character which is not to be)-.25 F .208
-(interpreted as part of its name.)144 530.4 R(The)5.208 E F0(par)2.708 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F1 .208(is a shell parameter as described abo)2.708 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G F2 -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS)144 542.4 Q F1 2.5
-(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F2(Arrays)A
-F1(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 559.2 R F0(par)2.846 E
+(pansion.)108 441.6 Q(The basic form of parameter e)108 458.4 Q
+(xpansion is)-.15 E(${)108 475.2 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A .284
+(which substitutes the v)108 492 R .284(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.784 E
+(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.285(.T)C .285(he braces are required when)-5.285 F
+F0(par)4.035 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .285(is a positional parame-)3.515 F
+.067(ter with more than one digit, or when)108 504 R F0(par)3.817 E
+(ameter)-.15 E F1 .067(is follo)3.297 F .066
+(wed by a character which is not to be interpreted as)-.25 F .406
+(part of its name.)108 516 R(The)5.406 E F0(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F1
+.406(is a shell parameter as described abo)2.906 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F4
+-.74(PA)3.057 G(RAMETERS).74 E F1 2.907(\)o)C 2.907(ra)-2.907 G 2.907
+(na)-2.907 G .407(rray ref-)-2.907 F(erence \()108 528 Q F4(Arrays)A F1
+(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 544.8 R F0(par)2.846 E
(ameter)-.15 E F1 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F
-F2(!)A F1 .346(\), and)B F0(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .346(is not a)
-2.846 F F0(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F1 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G
-(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 571.2 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.907 H 2.907
-(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F2(Bash)5.406 E F1 .406
+F4(!)A F1 .346(\), and)B F0(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .346(is not a)
+2.846 F F0(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F1 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G
+(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.906(al)108 556.8 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.906 H 2.906
+(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.906 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F4(Bash)5.406 E F1 .406
(uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406
(xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F0(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .406
-(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F0(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 583.2 Q
-F1 2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F
-.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .079
-(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F
-(original)108 595.2 Q F0(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.043(.T)C .043
-(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F0(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37
-F(xpansion)-.2 E F1 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042
-(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15
-(ex)108 607.2 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15
-F 2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F0(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .249
-(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51
-(name of the parameter referenced by)108 619.2 R F0(par)4.01 E(ameter)
--.15 E F1 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F
-(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 631.2 R .387
-(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A
-F0(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F1 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F2(!)A F0
-(name)A F1([)A F0(@)A F1 .387(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H
-.388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108
-643.2 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)
--2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 660 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F0(wor)
-3.484 E(d)-.37 E F1 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334
+(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F0(par)2.907 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 568.8 Q
+F1 2.936(;t)C .436(his ne)-2.936 F 2.936(wp)-.25 G .436
+(arameter is then e)-2.936 F .436(xpanded and that v)-.15 F .435
+(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .435
+(xpansion, rather than the)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 580.8 S .291
+(pansion of the original).15 F F0(par)2.791 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.291(.T)
+C .291(his is kno)-5.291 F .291(wn as)-.25 F F0(indir)2.791 E .291
+(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F1 5.291(.T)C .291(he v)-5.291 F .292
+(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F(x-)-.15 E .164(pansion, parameter e)
+108 592.8 R .163(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F
+2.663(xpansion. If)-.15 F F0(par)2.663 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .163
+(is a nameref,)2.663 F .462(this e)108 604.8 R .462
+(xpands to the name of the parameter referenced by)-.15 F F0(par)2.963 E
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+3.636(direct e)108 616.8 R 3.636(xpansion, for compatibility)-.15 F
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+(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263(wt)-.25 G .763
+(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 640.8 Q
+.334(In each of the cases belo)108 657.6 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F0(wor)3.484 E
+(d)-.37 E F1 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334
(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15
-F(and arithmetic e)108 672 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .066
-(When not performing substring e)108 688.8 R .067
+F(and arithmetic e)108 669.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .066
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(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 2.567(w\()-.25 G
-(e.g.,)-2.567 E F2(:-)2.567 E F1(\),)A F2(bash)2.567 E F1 .067
-(tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 700.8 Q(Omi\
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-.15 E F1 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F
F0(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F1 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)
-.2 E(wise, the v)144 108 Q(alue of)-.25 E F0(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E
-F1(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 120 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F0
-(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2 .265(Assign Default V)144 132 R(alues)-.92 E
-F1 5.265(.I)C(f)-5.265 E F0(par)4.015 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .266
+F1(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 124.8 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A
+F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2 .265(Assign Default V)144 136.8 R(alues)-.92
+E F1 5.265(.I)C(f)-5.265 E F0(par)4.015 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .266
(is unset or null, the e)3.495 F .266(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.106 E
(d)-.37 E F1 .266(is assigned to)3.536 F F0(par)4.016 E(a-)-.15 E(meter)
-144 144 Q F1 5.545(.T).73 G .545(he v)-5.545 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F0
-(par)4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .544(is then substituted.)3.774 F .544
-(Positional parameters and special parameters)5.544 F
-(may not be assigned to in this w)144 156 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${)108 168
-Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2 .535
-(Display Err)144 180 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F1 5.535(.I)C(f)
--5.535 E F0(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .535(is null or unset, the e)
-3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.035 E(d)-.37 E F1 .535
-(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .013(sage to that ef)144 192 R .013(fect if)-.25 F
-F0(wor)2.853 E(d)-.37 E F1 .013(is not present\) is written to the stan\
-dard error and the shell, if it is not in-)3.283 F(teracti)144 204 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,)-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E
-(alue of)-.25 E F0(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F1(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)
-108 216 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2
-.745(Use Alter)144 228 R .745(nate V)-.15 F(alue)-.92 E F1 5.745(.I)C(f)
--5.745 E F0(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .745
-(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F
-(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 240 Q F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1
-(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 252 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F0
-(of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(})A(${)108 264 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F0
-(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F0(length)A F1(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion)
-144 276 R F1 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F0(length)2.502 E
-F1 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.502 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F1 .002(starting at the)2.502 F .003
-(character speci\214ed by)144 288 R F0(of)2.503 E(fset)-.18 E F1 5.003
-(.I)C(f)-5.003 E F0(par)2.503 E(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)2.503 E F2(@)2.503 E
-F1(or)2.503 E F2(*)2.503 E F1 2.503(,a)C 2.503(ni)-2.503 G(nde)-2.503 E
--.15(xe)-.15 G 2.503(da).15 G .003(rray subscripted by)-2.503 F F2(@)
-2.503 E F1(or)2.503 E F2(*)2.504 E F1 2.504(,o)C 2.504(ra)-2.504 G(n)
--2.504 E(associati)144 300 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722
+144 148.8 Q F1 2.958(,a).73 G .458(nd the e)-2.958 F .458
+(xpansion is the \214nal v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)4.208 E
+(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.458(.P).73 G .458
+(ositional parameters and special para-)-5.458 F
+(meters may not be assigned in this w)144 160.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E(${)
+108 177.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2
+.724(Display Err)144 189.6 R .724(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F1 5.724
+(.I)C(f)-5.724 E F0(par)4.474 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .724
+(is null or unset, the shell writes the e)3.954 F .725(xpansion of)-.15
+F F0(wor)144 201.6 Q(d)-.37 E F1 .293(\(or a message to that ef)2.793 F
+.293(fect if)-.25 F F0(wor)3.133 E(d)-.37 E F1 .292
+(is not present\) to the standard error and, if it is not inter)3.562 F
+(-)-.2 E(acti)144 213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.638(,e).15 G 1.138
+(xits with a non-zero status.)-3.788 F 1.138(An interacti)6.138 F 1.438
+-.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.138(hell does not e).15 F 1.138(xit, b)-.15 F 1.138
+(ut does not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.139(cute the).15 F
+(command associated with the e)144 225.6 Q 2.5(xpansion. Otherwise,)-.15
+F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F0(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F1
+(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 242.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F0
+(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 254.4 R .745(nate V)-.15 F
+(alue)-.92 E F1 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F0(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F1
+.745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F
+(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 266.4 Q F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1
+(is substituted.)3.27 E(The v)5 E(alue of)-.25 E F0(par)2.5 E(ameter)
+-.15 E F1(is not used.)2.5 E(${)108 283.2 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)
+A F0(of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(})A(${)108 295.2 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)
+A F0(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F0(length)A F1(})A F2 .002
+(Substring Expansion)144 307.2 R F1 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)
+-5.002 F F0(length)2.502 E F1 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002
+(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.502 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .002(starting at the)
+2.502 F .004(character speci\214ed by)144 319.2 R F0(of)2.504 E(fset)
+-.18 E F1 5.003(.I)C(f)-5.003 E F0(par)2.503 E(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)2.503
+E F2(@)2.503 E F1(or)2.503 E F2(*)2.503 E F1 2.503(,a)C 2.503(ni)-2.503
+G(nde)-2.503 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.503(da).15 G .003(rray subscripted by)
+-2.503 F F2(@)2.503 E F1(or)2.503 E F2(*)2.503 E F1 2.503(,o)C 2.503(ra)
+-2.503 G(n)-2.503 E(associati)144 331.2 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722
(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722(fer as described belo)-.25 F
4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F0(length)3.222 E F1 .722(is omitted, e)
-3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042(substring of the v)144 312 R .042
-(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.542 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .043
-(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F F0(of)2.543 E(fset)
--.18 E F1 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the)-.15 F .847
-(end of the v)144 324 R(alue.)-.25 E F0(length)5.846 E F1(and)3.346 E F0
-(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F1 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846
-(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV)3.346 F
-(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F1(belo)144 336 Q(w\).)-.25 E
-(If)144 352.8 Q F0(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F1 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529
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+(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F F0(of)2.542 E(fset)
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+(end of the v)144 355.2 R(alue.)-.25 E F0(length)5.846 E F1(and)3.346 E
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+(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV)3.347 F
+(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F1(belo)144 367.2 Q(w\).)-.25 E
+(If)144 384 Q F0(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F1 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529
(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529
(alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F
-.046(end of the v)144 364.8 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.546 E(ameter)
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-.15 E F1 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F0(length)2.546 E F1 -.25(eva)2.546 G
.046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F
-(of)144 376.8 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F
-.202(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .203
-(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 388.8 R
-.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F0(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E
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--.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25
-F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 400.8 Q -.2
-(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F1 -.15(ex)2.5 G
-(pansion.).15 E(If)144 417.6 Q F0(par)3.283 E(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)3.283
-E F2(@)3.283 E F1(or)3.283 E F2(*)3.284 E F1 3.284(,t)C .784
+(of)144 408 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F .202
+(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .202
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+(pansion.).15 E(If)144 448.8 Q F0(par)3.284 E(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)3.284
+E F2(@)3.284 E F1(or)3.284 E F2(*)3.284 E F1 3.284(,t)C .784
(he result is)-3.284 F F0(length)3.284 E F1 .784
-(positional parameters be)3.284 F .784(ginning at)-.15 F F0(of)3.284 E
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--.25 G F0(of)144 429.6 Q(fset)-.18 E F1 .167(is tak)2.667 F .167
-(en relati)-.1 F .467 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.667(oo).15 G .167
-(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.667 F 2.666(,s)-.4
-G 2.666(oa)-2.666 G 2.666(no)-2.666 G -.25(ff)-2.666 G .166
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+(en relati)-.1 F .466 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.666(oo).15 G .166
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(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25(va)-.25 G(l-).25 E .023(uates to the last po\
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-441.6 R .023(It is an e)5.023 F(xpansion)-.15 E(error if)144 453.6 Q F0
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(length)2.5 E F1 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luates to a number less than zero.).25 E
-(If)144 470.4 Q F0(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .514(is an inde)3.014 F
+(If)144 501.6 Q F0(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .514(is an inde)3.013 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514
(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 F F0(length)
-3.014 E F1 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081(the array be)144 482.4 R 1.081
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(ginning with ${)-.15 F F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1([)A F0(of)A(fset)-.18
-E F1 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F0
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-1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo).15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08
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-(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579
-(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F0
-(length)3.579 E F1 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079(luates to a).25 F
-(number less than zero.)144 506.4 Q(Substring e)144 523.2 Q
+E F1 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F0
+(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F1 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F
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+(length)3.58 E F1 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F
+(number less than zero.)144 537.6 Q(Substring e)144 554.4 Q
(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
-(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .82(Substring inde)144 540 R
-.821(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in w\
-hich case the in-)-.15 F(de)144 552 Q .159(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15
-F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F0(of)2.659 E(fset)-.18 E F1 .159
+(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E .821(Substring inde)144 571.2
+R .821(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in\
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+-.15 F 2.659(ault. If)-.1 F F0(of)2.659 E(fset)-.18 E F1 .159
(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.659 F F2($0)2.659 E F1
-.159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .158(ed to)-.15 F(the list.)144 564 Q(${)108
-580.8 Q F2(!)A F0(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F1(})A(${)108 592.8 Q F2(!)A
-F0(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F1(})A F2 .084(Names matching pr)144 604.8
-R(e\214x)-.18 E F1 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F
-.084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F0(pr)2.585 E
-(e\214x)-.37 E F1 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258
-(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 616.8 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F1
-.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F0(@)2.757 E F1 .257
-(is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F
-(within double quotes, each v)144 628.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E
-(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 645.6 Q F2(!)A F0(name)
-A F1([)A F0(@)A F1(]})A(${)108 657.6 Q F2(!)A F0(name)A F1([)A F0(*)A F1
-(]})A F2 1.136(List of array k)144 669.6 R(eys)-.1 E F1 6.136(.I)C(f)
+.159(is pre\214x)2.659 F .159(ed to)-.15 F(the list.)144 595.2 Q(${)108
+612 Q F2(!)A F0(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F1(})A(${)108 624 Q F2(!)A F0
+(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F1(})A F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 636 R
+(e\214x)-.18 E F1 5.085(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084
+(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .084(gin with)-.15 F F0(pr)2.584 E
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+(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 648 R F3(IFS)2.757 E F1 .257
+(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F0(@)2.758 E F1 .258
+(is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F
+(within double quotes, each v)144 660 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E
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+A F1([)A F0(@)A F1(]})A(${)108 688.8 Q F2(!)A F0(name)A F1([)A F0(*)A F1
+(]})A F2 1.137(List of array k)144 700.8 R(eys)-.1 E F1 6.136(.I)C(f)
-6.136 E F0(name)3.636 E F1 1.136(is an array v)3.636 F 1.136
(ariable, e)-.25 F 1.136(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G 1.137(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 681.6 R F0(name)
+-.15(ey)-.1 G 1.136(s\) as-).15 F .397(signed in)144 712.8 R F0(name)
2.897 E F1 5.397(.I)C(f)-5.397 E F0(name)2.897 E F1 .397
(is not an array)2.897 F 2.897(,e)-.65 G .397(xpands to 0 if)-3.047 F F0
(name)2.897 E F1 .397(is set and null otherwise.)2.897 F(When)5.397 E F0
-(@)2.897 E F1(is used and the e)144 693.6 Q
+(@)2.897 E F1(is used and the e)144 724.8 Q
(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1
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138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
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-(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 96 S .47(rameter length).1 F F1 5.47
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-F0(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .471(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E
-F0(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 108 Q F1(is)3.627 E F2(*)2.897 E F1
-(or)2.897 E F2(@)2.897 E F1 2.897(,t)C .397(he v)-2.897 F .397
-(alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If)
-5.396 E F0(par)4.146 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .396(is an ar)3.626 F(-)-.2 E
-.78(ray name subscripted by)144 120 R F2(*)3.28 E F1(or)3.28 E F2(@)3.28
-E F1 3.28(,t)C .78(he v)-3.28 F .781
-(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.781
-(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.781 E F0(par)145.25 132 Q(ameter)-.15 E F1 .456
-(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456
-(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756
--.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455
-(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 144 R 1.272 -.15
-(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.472
-F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F0(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 3.473(,s)C
-3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 -.15(ve i)-.25
-H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array)144 156 Q 2.5
-(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
+(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 96 S 1.18(rameter length).1 F F1
+6.18(.S)C 1.18(ubstitutes the length in characters of the e)-6.18 F 1.18
+(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.18(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)3.68 E(ameter)-.15 E F1
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+(*)2.551 E F1(or)2.552 E F2(@)2.552 E F1 2.552(,t)C .052(he v)-2.552 F
+.052(alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If)
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+(an array name subscripted by)144 120 R F2(*)2.834 E F1(or)2.834 E F2(@)
+2.833 E F1 2.833(,t)C .333(he v)-2.833 F .333
+(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F(.)-.65 E
+(If)144 132 Q F0(par)5.022 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 1.272(is an inde)4.502 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.772(da).15 G 1.272(rray name subscripted by a ne)-3.772
+F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.572 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 3.772(,t)
+-.4 G 1.272(hat number is inter)-3.772 F(-)-.2 E .566(preted as relati)
+144 144 R .866 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.066(oo).15 G .565
+(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.066 F 3.065(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.065 E F0
+(par)3.065 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 3.065(,s)C 3.065(on)-3.065 G -2.25 -.15
+(eg a)-3.065 H(ti).15 E .865 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .565(ndices count).15 F
+(back from the end of the array)144 156 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5
+E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 172.8 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15
E F2(#)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A(${)108 184.8 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E
F2(##)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2(Remo)144 196.8 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1
H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F(n)-.15 E F1 6.196(.T)
C(he)-6.196 E F0(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F1 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196
-(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .543(name e)144
+(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .544(name e)144
208.8 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544(ainst the e)-.05 F
.544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E
-F1 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under)144 220.8 Q F2 -.1(Pa)
-3.133 G(tter).1 E 3.133(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.133 E F1(belo)3.132 E 4.432
+F1 .543(using the rules described)3.774 F(under)144 220.8 Q F2 -.1(Pa)
+3.132 G(tter).1 E 3.132(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.132 E F1(belo)3.132 E 4.432
-.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.132(ft).65 G .632(he pattern matches the be)-3.132 F
-.632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .632(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)4.382 E(ameter)
--.15 E F1(,).73 E 1.151(then the result of the e)144 232.8 R 1.151
+.632(ginning of the v)-.15 F .633(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)4.383 E(ameter)
+-.15 E F1(,).73 E 1.152(then the result of the e)144 232.8 R 1.151
(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F0
-(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F
+(par)4.901 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 1.151(with the shortest matching)4.381 F
.554(pattern \(the \231#\232 case\) or the longest matching pattern \(t\
-he \231##\232 case\) deleted.)144 244.8 R(If)5.553 E F0(par)4.303 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)3.783 E F2(@)3.053 E F1(or)144 256.8 Q F2(*)3.018 E
-F1 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25
+he \231##\232 case\) deleted.)144 244.8 R(If)5.554 E F0(par)4.304 E
+(ameter)-.15 E F1(is)3.784 E F2(@)3.054 E F1(or)144 256.8 Q F2(*)3.019 E
+F1 3.019(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.019 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25
G .518
(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)
--3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .304(sion is the resultant list.)144 268.8 R(If)
-5.304 E F0(par)4.054 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303
-(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.803 E F1(or)2.803 E F2(*)2.803 E
-F1 2.803(,t)C .303(he pattern re-)-2.803 F(mo)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.15 G
-2.987(lo).25 G .487
+-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E .303(sion is the resultant list.)144 268.8 R(If)
+5.303 E F0(par)4.053 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .303(is an array v)3.533 F .303
+(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.804 E F1(or)2.804 E F2(*)2.804 E
+F1 2.804(,t)C .304(he pattern re-)-2.804 F(mo)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.15 G
+2.988(lo).25 G .487
(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)
--2.987 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 292.8 Q(${)108
+-2.988 F .487(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 292.8 Q(${)108
309.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A(${)108
321.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(})A F2(Remo)
-144 333.6 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15
-E F1 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F0(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F1 .147(is e)2.647 F
-.146(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144
-345.6 S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458
-(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F1
-.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 357.6 S(tter)
-.1 E 2.732(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.732 E F1(belo)2.732 E 4.032 -.65(w. I)
--.25 H 2.732(ft).65 G .231
-(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)-2.732 F .231(xpanded v)
--.15 F .231(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)3.981 E(a-)-.15 E(meter)144 369.6 Q F1
-4.399(,t).73 G 1.899(hen the result of the e)-4.399 F 1.899
-(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.899(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.9(alue of)-.25 F F0
-(par)5.65 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 1.9(with the shortest)5.13 F .019(matching\
- pattern \(the \231%\232 case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the \
-\231%%\232 case\) deleted.)144 381.6 R(If)5.019 E F0(par)3.769 E(a-)-.15
-E(meter)144 393.6 Q F1(is)3.559 E F2(@)2.829 E F1(or)2.829 E F2(*)2.829
-E F1 2.829(,t)C .329(he pattern remo)-2.829 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.829(lo)
-.25 G .33(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and)
--2.829 F .64(the e)144 405.6 R .64(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15
-F(If)5.64 E F0(par)4.39 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .64(is an array v)3.87 F .64
+144 333.6 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15
+E F1 5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F0(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F1 .147(is e)2.647 F
+.147(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144
+345.6 S .459(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .459(ainst the e)-.05 F .459
+(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)4.208 E(ameter)-.15 E F1
+.458(using the rules described under)3.688 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 357.6 S(tter)
+.1 E 2.731(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.731 E F1(belo)2.731 E 4.031 -.65(w. I)
+-.25 H 2.731(ft).65 G .231
+(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)-2.731 F .232(xpanded v)
+-.15 F .232(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)3.982 E(a-)-.15 E(meter)144 369.6 Q F1
+4.4(,t).73 G 1.9(hen the result of the e)-4.4 F 1.899(xpansion is the e)
+-.15 F 1.899(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.899(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)5.649 E
+(ameter)-.15 E F1 1.899(with the shortest)5.129 F .019(matching pattern\
+ \(the \231%\232 case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the \231%%\
+\232 case\) deleted.)144 381.6 R(If)5.02 E F0(par)3.77 E(a-)-.15 E
+(meter)144 393.6 Q F1(is)3.56 E F2(@)2.83 E F1(or)2.83 E F2(*)2.83 E F1
+2.83(,t)C .33(he pattern remo)-2.83 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.829(lo).25 G .329
+(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and)-2.829 F
+.64(the e)144 405.6 R .64(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.64
+E F0(par)4.39 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .64(is an array v)3.87 F .64
(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.14 E F1(or)3.14 E F2(*)3.14 E F1
-3.14(,t)C(he)-3.14 E .422(pattern remo)144 417.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922
+3.14(,t)C(he)-3.14 E .423(pattern remo)144 417.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.923
(lo).25 G .422
(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)
--2.922 F .423(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 429.6 Q(${)108
+-2.923 F .422(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 429.6 Q(${)108
446.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F0(pattern)A F2(/)A F0(string)A F1
(})A(${)108 458.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(//)A F0(pattern)A F2(/)A
F0(string)A F1(})A(${)108 470.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/#)A F0
(pattern)A F2(/)A F0(string)A F1(})A(${)108 482.4 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15
E F2(/%)A F0(pattern)A F2(/)A F0(string)A F1(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 494.4 S
-(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F1 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107
-E F0(pattern)3.607 E F1 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106
-(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E
-(sion.)144 506.4 Q F0 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F1 1.033
-(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F0(pattern)
-3.533 E F1(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034
-(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F0(string)144 518.4 Q F1(.)A F0(string)
-5.499 E F1(under)2.999 E .499(goes tilde e)-.18 F .499
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .499(ariable e)-.25 F .499
-(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.137
-(command and process substitution, and quote remo)144 530.4 R -.25(va)
--.15 G 3.637(l. The).25 F 1.137(match is performed using the rules)3.637
-F .076(described under)144 542.4 R F2 -.1(Pa)2.576 G(tter).1 E 2.576(nM)
--.15 G(atching)-2.576 E F1(belo)2.576 E 3.876 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 2.575(nt)
-.65 G .075(he \214rst form abo)-2.575 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.575(,o).15 G
-.075(nly the \214rst match is replaced.)-2.575 F .48(If there are tw)144
-554.4 R 2.98(os)-.1 G .48(lashes separating)-2.98 F F0(par)2.98 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F1(and)2.98 E F0(pattern)2.98 E F1 .48
-(\(the second form abo)2.98 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .48(\), all matches of).15
-F F0(pattern)144 566.4 Q F1 .375(are replaced with)2.875 F F0(string)
-2.874 E F1 5.374(.I)C(f)-5.374 E F0(pattern)2.874 E F1 .374
-(is preceded by)2.874 F F2(#)2.874 E F1 .374(\(the third form abo)2.874
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G .374(\), it must match).15 F .088(at the be)144 578.4 R
-.088(ginning of the e)-.15 F .088(xpanded v)-.15 F .088(alue of)-.25 F
-F0(par)2.588 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.088(.I)C(f)-5.088 E F0(pattern)2.588 E
-F1 .088(is preceded by)2.588 F F2(%)2.589 E F1 .089(\(the fourth form)
-2.589 F(abo)144 590.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .315
-(\), it must match at the end of the e).15 F .315(xpanded v)-.15 F .315
-(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)2.815 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.315(.I)C 2.815(ft)
--5.315 G .315(he e)-2.815 F .315(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(string)2.815 E F1
-(is)2.815 E .398(null, matches of)144 602.4 R F0(pattern)2.898 E F1 .398
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+(goes tilde e)-.18 F 1.278(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F 1.278
+(ariable e)-.25 F 1.278(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.278
+(xpansion, com-)-.15 F(mand and process substitution, and quote remo)144
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+-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(,o).15 G .651(nly the \214rst match is replaced.)
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+(xpanded v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E(of)144 595.2 Q F0(par)2.639 E(ameter)-.15
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(shell option is enabled using)3.45 F F2(shopt)3.45 E F1 3.45(,a)C 1.25
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(xpansion of the quoted portion, including)-.15 F .767
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-(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 189.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)
--.15 E F2<00>A F0(pattern)A F1(})A(${)108 201.6 Q F0(par)A(ameter)-.15 E
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(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F0(par)
-2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F0(pattern)144 249.6 Q
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F1 .374(is e)2.874 F .374
(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 2.874
(xpansion. Each)-.15 F .373(character in the e)2.873 F(x-)-.15 E .513
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F1 .513(is tested ag)3.013 F(ainst)-.05 E F0(pattern)3.013 E F1 3.013
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-(ve)144 273.6 S 2.658(rted. The).15 F .157
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--.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 285.6 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25
-F F0(pattern)2.681 E F1 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F2(,)2.681 E F1
-.181(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181
-(rts matching uppercase letters).15 F .149(to lo)144 297.6 R 2.649
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--.15(ex)2.649 G .149(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .149
-(rt each matched character in the e).15 F .148(xpanded v)-.15 F .148
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-(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.749 F(-)-.2 E
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-357.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 374.4 Q F0(par)A
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-(wercase alphabetic charac-)-.25 F(ters con)180 439.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G
-(rted to uppercase.).15 E F2(u)144 451.2 Q F1 .43(The e)180 451.2 R .43
-(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .429(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)
-2.929 E(ameter)-.15 E F1 .429(with the \214rst character con)2.929 F
--.15(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 463.2 Q
-F2(L)144 475.2 Q F1 .124(The e)180 475.2 R .124
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+-.15(ve)-.4 G(rted).15 E(to uppercase, if it is alphabetic.)180 549.6 Q
+F2(L)144 561.6 Q F1 .125(The e)180 561.6 R .124
(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .124(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)
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-(ters con)180 487.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F2
-(Q)144 499.2 Q F1 1.065(The e)180 499.2 R 1.065
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+(ters con)180 573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted to lo).15 E(wercase.)-.25 E F2
+(Q)144 585.6 Q F1 1.064(The e)180 585.6 R 1.064
(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)
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-(reused as input.)180 511.2 Q F2(E)144 523.2 Q F1 .44(The e)180 523.2 R
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+(reused as input.)180 597.6 Q F2(E)144 609.6 Q F1 .441(The e)180 609.6 R
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-F -.15(ex)180 535.2 S(panded as with the).15 E F2<2408>2.5 E F1 1.666
-(...)C F2<08>-1.666 E F1(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 547.2 Q F1
-1.073(The e)180 547.2 R 1.073
-(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073
-(xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F0(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E
-F1 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 559.2 Q F2(PR)
-2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 571.2 Q F1 1.137
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+(The e)180 633.6 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)
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+657.6 Q F1 1.138(The e)180 657.6 R 1.138
(xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F
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3.626 E F1 1.126(at the be)3.626 F 1.126
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--.15 G .419(re to)-2.919 F(be matched literally)108 218.4 Q(.)-.65 E
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(xpressions, and the characters included in the)-.15 F 2.34
-(range, are determined by the current locale and the v)180 372 R 2.34
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(nsure that e).8 F .105(xtended matching patterns are parsed correctly)
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-(mand substitutions.)108 148.8 Q .988(When matching \214lenames, the)108
-165.6 R F2(dotglob)3.488 E F1 .988
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(gins with a dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include an)-.15
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-(ginning with \231.\232 unless the pattern or sub-pattern be)-.15 F .704
-(gins with a \231.\232.)-.15 F .704(As abo)5.704 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204
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-(special meaning when matching \214lenames.)108 213.6 Q .968
-(Complicated e)108 230.4 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968
-(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969
+F 2.575<798c>-.15 G(lenames)-2.575 E(be)108 424.8 Q .806
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+(.\232 only has a special meaning when)-3.51 F(matching \214lenames.)108
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+-.15 F .968(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969
(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .091
-(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 242.4 R .091
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+(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.749 E(d)-.37 E F1 .909(for ap-)4.179 F .64
+(pending on \214le descriptor)108 108 R F0(n)3.5 E F1 3.14(,o).24 G 3.14
+(rt)-3.14 G .64(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.14 F F0
+(n)3.499 E F1 .639(is not speci\214ed.)3.379 F .639(If the \214le does)
+5.639 F(not e)108 120 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
+(The general format for appending output is:)108 136.8 Q([)144 153.6 Q
+F0(n)A F1(])A F2(>>)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 170.4 Q
+(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F1 .928(This \
+construct redirects both the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) an\
+d the standard error output \(\214le de-)108 182.4 R
+(scriptor 2\) to the \214le whose name is the e)108 194.4 Q(xpansion of)
+-.15 E F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1(.).77 E(There are tw)108 211.2 Q 2.5
+(of)-.1 G(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)
+-2.5 E F2(&>)144 228 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(and)108 240 Q F2(>&)144 252
+Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Of the tw)108 268.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E
+-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 285.6 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(2)2.5
+E F2(>&)A F1(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 302.4 R F0(wor)
2.614 E(d)-.37 E F1 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)
--.15 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>2.614 E F1 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G
-2.614(td)-2.614 G .114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F
-(apply \(see)108 96 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F1(belo)2.5
-E(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 112.8 S
-(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F1 .248
-(This construct allo)108 124.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
-\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
--.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-136.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1(.).77 E
-(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108
-153.6 Q F2(&>>)144 170.4 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1
-(This is semantically equi)108 187.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2
-(>>)144 204 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F1(1)A(\(see)108
-220.8 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E
-F2(Her)87 237.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F1 .211(This type of re\
-direction instructs the shell to read input from the current source unt\
-il it reads a line contain-)108 249.6 R .323(ing only)108 261.6 R F0
-(delimiter)3.173 E F1 .323(\(with no trailing blanks\).)3.553 F .323
-(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.323
-F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 273.6 Q F0(n)2.5 E F1(if)2.5 E
-F0(n)2.5 E F1(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E
-(The format of here-documents is:)108 290.4 Q([)144 307.2 Q F0(n)A F1(])
-A F2(<<)A F1([)A F2<ad>A F1(])A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 319.2 Q
-(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 331.2 Q F1 .302(No parameter and v)108
-348 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301
-(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E(is performed on)108 360
-Q F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1(.).77 E .052(If an)108 376.8 R 2.552(yp)-.15
-G .052(art of)-2.552 F F0(wor)2.892 E(d)-.37 E F1 .052(is quoted, the)
-3.322 F F0(delimiter)2.902 E F1 .052(is the result of quote remo)3.282 F
--.25(va)-.15 G 2.552(lo).25 G(n)-2.552 E F0(wor)2.892 E(d)-.37 E F1
-2.553(,a).77 G .053(nd the lines in the here-)-2.553 F .028
-(document are not e)108 388.8 R 2.528(xpanded. If)-.15 F F0(wor)2.528 E
-(d)-.37 E F1 .028(is unquoted, the)2.528 F F0(delimiter)2.878 E F1(is)
-3.258 E F0(wor)2.528 E(d)-.37 E F1 .027
-(itself, all lines of the here-document)2.527 F 1.194
-(are subjected to parameter e)108 400.8 R 1.194
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195
-(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 412.8 Q F2(\\<newline>)
-2.5 E F1(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F1
-(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F1(,)A F2($)2.5
-E F1 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F1(.)A .602
-(If the redirection operator is)108 429.6 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F1 3.101
-(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\
- and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 441.6 Q F0(delimiter)2.85 E F1 5
-(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E
+-.15 F F2<ad>2.614 E F1 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G
+.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 314.4 Q
+F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F1(belo)2.5 E
+(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 331.2 S
+(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F1 1.032(This\
+ construct appends both the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) and\
+ the standard error output \(\214le de-)108 343.2 R
+(scriptor 2\) to the \214le whose name is the e)108 355.2 Q(xpansion of)
+-.15 E F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1(.).77 E
+(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 372
+Q F2(&>>)144 388.8 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(This is semantically equi)108
+405.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>>)144 422.4 Q F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E
+F1(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F1(1)A(\(see)108 439.2 Q F2
+(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F1(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(Her)87
+456 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F1 .211(This type of redirection in\
+structs the shell to read input from the current source until it reads \
+a line contain-)108 468 R .269(ing only)108 480 R F0(delimiter)3.119 E
+F1 .269(\(with no trailing blanks\).)3.499 F .27
+(All of the lines read up to that point then become the standard)5.269 F
+(input \(or \214le descriptor)108 492 Q F0(n)2.5 E F1(if)2.5 E F0(n)2.5
+E F1(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E
+(The format of here-documents is:)108 508.8 Q([)144 525.6 Q F0(n)A F1(])
+A F2(<<)A F1([)A F2<ad>A F1(])A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 537.6 Q
+(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 549.6 Q F1 .241
+(The shell does not perform parameter and v)108 566.4 R .241(ariable e)
+-.25 F .241(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F
+(xpansion,)-.15 E(or pathname e)108 578.4 Q(xpansion is performed on)
+-.15 E F0(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F1(.).77 E .052(If an)108 595.2 R 2.552
+(yp)-.15 G .052(art of)-2.552 F F0(wor)2.892 E(d)-.37 E F1 .052
+(is quoted, the)3.322 F F0(delimiter)2.902 E F1 .052
+(is the result of quote remo)3.282 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.552(lo).25 G(n)
+-2.552 E F0(wor)2.892 E(d)-.37 E F1 2.553(,a).77 G .053
+(nd the lines in the here-)-2.553 F .102(document are not e)108 607.2 R
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+(is unquoted, the)2.602 F F0(delimiter)2.952 E F1(is)3.332 E F0(wor)
+2.602 E(d)-.37 E F1 .101(itself, and the here-document te)2.602 F .101
+(xt is)-.15 F .131(treated similarly to a double-quoted string: all lin\
+es of the here-document are subjected to parameter e)108 619.2 R(xpan-)
+-.15 E .894(sion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 631.2 R
+.894(xpansion, the character sequence)-.15 F F2(\\<newline>)3.394 E F1
+.894(is treated liter)3.394 F(-)-.2 E(ally)108 643.2 Q 2.624(,a)-.65 G
+(nd)-2.624 E F2(\\)2.624 E F1 .124(must be used to quote the characters)
+2.624 F F2(\\)2.624 E F1(,)A F2($)2.624 E F1 2.624(,a)C(nd)-2.624 E F2
+<92>2.624 E F1 2.624(;h)C -.25(ow)-2.624 G -2.15 -.25(ev e).25 H .924
+-.4(r, d).25 H .124(ouble quote characters ha).4 F .424 -.15(ve n)-.2 H
+2.624(os).15 G(pecial)-2.624 E(meaning.)108 655.2 Q .971
+(If the redirection operator is)108 672 R F2(<<\255)3.471 E F1 3.471(,t)
+C .97(hen the shell strips all leading tab characters from input lines \
+and the)-3.471 F .365(line containing)108 684 R F0(delimiter)3.215 E F1
+5.365(.T).73 G .365(his allo)-5.365 F .365
(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f)
--.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 458.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F1
-2.5(Av)108 470.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)
-144 487.2 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<<<)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(The)108 504 Q F0
-(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F1(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 516 S
-1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F
-1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187
-(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374
-(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 528 R .375(wline appended, \
-to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)108
-540 Q F0(n)2.5 E F1(if)2.5 E F0(n)2.5 E F1(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F2
-(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 556.8 Q F1(The redirection operator)108
-568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<&)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 .127
-(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 602.4 R(If)5.127 E
-F0(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F1 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126
-(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-614.4 Q F0(n)3.317 E F1 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
-2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
-2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F0(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F1
-.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 626.4 R(If)5.15 E F0(wor)
-2.99 E(d)-.37 E F1 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.65 E F1
-2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F0(n)3.009 E F1 .149
-(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F0(n)3.009 E F1 .149(is not speci\214ed,)
-2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 638.4 Q
-(The operator)108 655.2 Q([)144 672 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(>&)A F0(wor)A(d)
--.37 E F1 .443
-(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 688.8 R
-(If)5.443 E F0(n)3.304 E F1 .444
-(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 700.8 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F0(wor)3.406
-E(d)-.37 E F1 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \
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-E(d)-.37 E F1 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F2<ad>3.203 E F1
-3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F0(n)3.563 E F1 .703
-(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F0(n)3.204 E F1
-.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F0(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F1(does)3.204 E
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-(he standard output and standard error are redirected as described)
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/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(pre)108 84 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(Mo)87 100.8 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F1
-(The redirection operator)108 112.8 Q([)144 129.6 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<&)
-A F0(digit)A F2<ad>A F1(mo)108 146.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G
-.517(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F0(digit)3.017 E F1 .517
-(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F0(n)3.377 E F1 3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt)
--3.017 G .518(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F0
-(n)3.018 E F1 .518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 158.4 Q F0(digit)5
-E F1(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F0(n)2.5 E F1(.)A
-(Similarly)108 175.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
-144 192 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(>&)A F0(digit)A F2<ad>A F1(mo)108 208.8 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F0
-(digit)2.768 E F1 .268(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F0(n)3.128 E F1
-2.768(,o).24 G 2.768(rt)-2.768 G .267
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F F0(n)2.767 E F1
-.267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 220.8 Q F2
-(Opening File Descriptors f)87 237.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F1
-(The redirection operator)108 249.6 Q([)144 266.4 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<>)
-A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
-283.2 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F1 .518
-(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F
-(scriptor)108 295.2 Q F0(n)2.86 E F1 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5
-<6e8c>-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F0(n)2.86 E F1
-(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(If the \214le does not e)5 E
-(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 312 Q
-F0(Aliases)108 324 Q F1(allo)3.002 E 3.002(was)-.25 G .502
-(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.002 F .502
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(check for the ending delimiter)108 84 Q 2.5(,s)-.4
+G 2.5(oj)-2.5 G(oined lines can form the end delimiter)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E
+/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Her)87 100.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F1 2.5
+(Av)108 112.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)144
+129.6 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<<<)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(The)108 146.4 Q F0
+(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F1(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791
+(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 158.4 S
+1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F
+1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187
+(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375
+(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 170.4 R .374(wline appended\
+, to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)
+108 182.4 Q F0(n)2.5 E F1(if)2.5 E F0(n)2.5 E F1(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E
+F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 199.2 Q F1(The redirection operator)
+108 211.2 Q([)144 228 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<&)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 .512
+(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 244.8 R(If)5.512 E
+F0(wor)3.352 E(d)-.37 E F1 -.15(ex)3.782 G .512
+(pands to one or more digits, \214le descriptor).15 F F0(n)3.372 E F1
+.513(is made)3.253 F .098(to be a cop)108 256.8 R 2.598(yo)-.1 G 2.598
+(ft)-2.598 G .098(hat \214le descriptor)-2.598 F 5.098(.I)-.55 G 2.598
+(ti)-5.098 G 2.598(sar)-2.598 G .098(edirection error if the digits in)
+-2.598 F F0(wor)2.938 E(d)-.37 E F1 .097
+(do not specify a \214le descrip-)3.368 F 1.04(tor open for input.)108
+268.8 R(If)6.04 E F0(wor)3.88 E(d)-.37 E F1 -.25(eva)4.31 G 1.04
+(luates to).25 F F2<ad>3.54 E F1 3.54<2c8c>C 1.04(le descriptor)-3.54 F
+F0(n)3.9 E F1 1.04(is closed.)3.78 F(If)6.04 E F0(n)3.9 E F1 1.04
+(is not speci\214ed, this uses the)3.78 F
+(standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)108 280.8 Q(The operator)108
+297.6 Q([)144 314.4 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(>&)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 .31
+(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 331.2 R
+(If)5.31 E F0(n)3.17 E F1 .31
+(is not speci\214ed, this uses the standard output \(\214le)3.05 F .552
+(descriptor 1\).)108 343.2 R .552
+(It is a redirection error if the digits in)5.552 F F0(wor)3.392 E(d)
+-.37 E F1 .552(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output.)3.822
+F(If)108 355.2 Q F0(wor)3.228 E(d)-.37 E F1 -.25(eva)3.658 G .388
+(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.888 E F1 2.888<2c8c>C .388(le descriptor)-2.888
+F F0(n)3.248 E F1 .388(is closed.)3.128 F .388(As a special case, if)
+5.388 F F0(n)2.888 E F1 .387(is omitted, and)2.888 F F0(wor)2.887 E(d)
+-.37 E F1 .387(does not e)2.887 F(x-)-.15 E 1.062
+(pand to one or more digits or)108 367.2 R F2<ad>3.563 E F1 3.563(,t)C
+1.063
+(his redirects the standard output and standard error as described pre)
+-3.563 F(vi-)-.25 E(ously)108 379.2 Q(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 396 Q
+(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F1(The redirection operator)108 408 Q([)144
+424.8 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<&)A F0(digit)A F2<ad>A F1(mo)108 441.6 Q -.15
+(ve)-.15 G 3.018(st).15 G .518(he \214le descriptor)-3.018 F F0(digit)
+3.018 E F1 .518(to \214le descriptor)3.018 F F0(n)3.378 E F1 3.018(,o)
+.24 G 3.018(rt)-3.018 G .517
+(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.018 F F0(n)3.017 E F1
+.517(is not speci-)3.017 F(\214ed.)108 453.6 Q F0(digit)5 E F1
+(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F0(n)2.5 E F1(.)A(Similarly)
+108 470.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 487.2 Q
+F0(n)A F1(])A F2(>&)A F0(digit)A F2<ad>A F1(mo)108 504 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
+2.767(st).15 G .267(he \214le descriptor)-2.767 F F0(digit)2.767 E F1
+.267(to \214le descriptor)2.767 F F0(n)3.127 E F1 2.767(,o).24 G 2.767
+(rt)-2.767 G .268(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.767 F
+F0(n)2.768 E F1 .268(is not speci-)2.768 F(\214ed.)108 516 Q F2
+(Opening File Descriptors f)87 532.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F1
+(The redirection operator)108 544.8 Q([)144 561.6 Q F0(n)A F1(])A F2(<>)
+A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 .279(opens the \214le whose name is the e)108
+578.4 R .279(xpansion of)-.15 F F0(wor)3.119 E(d)-.37 E F1 .279
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-(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 261.6 S .368
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-(,v)-.65 G .38(ariables and their v)-3.13 F .38
-(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.38(.I)
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-(ariable declared using the)-.25 F F5(local)3.409 E F1(or)3.409 E F5
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1.427 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .127
(hether that caller is the global scope or another shell function.).65 F
.127(This is also the v)5.127 F .127(alue that a local v)-.25 F(ari-)
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-(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15
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-(Shell v)108 535.2 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68
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(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68
(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F
--.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 547.2 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4
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F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007
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-(The v)5.42 F .421(alue of a v)-.25 F .421(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25(va)
--.25 G .421(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .421(xpression when)-.15 F
-.154(it is referenced, or when a v)108 583.2 R .154
-(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.654(nt).15 G(he)
--2.654 E F0(inte)2.654 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F1(attrib)2.654 E .153
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-(wt)-.25 G .518(he C language de\214nition, without suf)-3.018 F<8c78>
--.25 E .517(es or character constants.)-.15 F .517(Constants with)5.517
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-(et)-.1 G .816(he form [)-3.316 F F0(base#)A F1 .815
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(vior based on the number of ar)-.2 F .198
(guments; see the descriptions of those commands for an)-.18 F 2.698(yo)
--.15 G .198(ther command-)-2.698 F(speci\214c actions.)108 132 Q .235
-(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 148.8 R .234
-(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.234 E F1 .234
-(handles se)2.734 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .234(ral \214lenames spe-).15 F .424
-(cially when the)108 160.8 R 2.924(ya)-.15 G .424(re used in e)-2.924 F
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-(carded.)108 321.6 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 338.4 R .777
-(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F2
-(%)3.277 E F1 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 350.4
-Q F0(jobspec)A F1 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F0(n)3.817 E F1 .957
-(may be referred to as)3.697 F F2(%n)3.457 E F1 5.957(.A)C .957
-(job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\
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--5.385 G .385(re\214x matches more than one job,)-2.885 F F2(bash)2.885
-E F1 .385(reports an)2.885 F(error)108 386.4 Q 5.194(.U)-.55 G(sing)
--5.194 E F2(%?ce)2.694 E F1 2.694(,o)C 2.694(nt)-2.694 G .194
-(he other hand, refers to an)-2.694 F 2.694(yj)-.15 G .194
-(ob containing the string)-2.694 F F2(ce)2.694 E F1 .194
-(in its command line.)2.694 F .194(If the)5.194 F .306
-(substring matches more than one job,)108 398.4 R F2(bash)2.806 E F1
-.306(reports an error)2.806 F 5.306(.T)-.55 G .306(he symbols)-5.306 F
-F2(%%)2.806 E F1(and)2.806 E F2(%+)2.806 E F1 .307(refer to the shell')
-2.806 F(s)-.55 E .133(notion of the)108 410.4 R F0(curr)2.833 E .133
-(ent job)-.37 F F1 2.633(,w).23 G .133
-(hich is the last job stopped while it w)-2.633 F .133(as in the fore)
--.1 F .132(ground or started in the back-)-.15 F 2.575(ground. The)108
-422.4 R F0(pr)3.825 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .075(ious job).15 F F1 .075
-(may be referenced using)2.805 F F2<25ad>2.575 E F1 5.075(.I)C 2.575(ft)
--5.075 G .076(here is only a single job,)-2.575 F F2(%+)2.576 E F1(and)
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-(be used to refer to that job)108 434.4 R 5.317(.I)-.4 G 2.817(no)-5.317
-G .317(utput pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)-2.817 F F2
-(jobs)2.817 E F1 .317(command\), the current)2.817 F .032(job is al)108
-446.4 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .033(ys \215agged with a).1 F F2(+)2.533 E F1 2.533
-(,a)C .033(nd the pre)-2.533 F .033(vious job with a)-.25 F F2<ad>2.533
-E F1 5.033(.A)C .033(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .033
-(ying job speci-)-.15 F(\214cation\) also refers to the current job)108
-458.4 Q(.)-.4 E .686
-(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 475.2 R
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+(orce a background).8 F 2.26(process to stop, or stop a process that')
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(ym for \231fg %1\232, bringing)-.15 F .068
-(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 487.2 R 2.568
+(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 379.2 R 2.568
(ground. Similarly)-.15 F 2.568<2c99>-.65 G .068
(%1 &\232 resumes job 1 in the background, equi)-2.568 F(v-)-.25 E
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-(The shell learns immediately whene)108 516 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj)
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-(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 528 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G
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-(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F2<ad62>2.658 E F1 .158
-(option to)2.658 F(the)108 540 Q F2(set)2.648 E F1 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148
-(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)2.648 E F1 .148
-(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15
-(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F3(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F1 .147(is e)2.397 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 552 Q(xits.)-.15
-E .032(If an attempt to e)108 568.8 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash)2.532 E F1 .032
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--2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F2(checkjobs)2.533 E F1 .033
-(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 580.8 R F2
-(shopt)3.503 E F1 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003
-(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002
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-(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a)
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-(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604
-(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E
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-(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F2(wait)3.145 E F1 -.2(bu)
-3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F2(wait)3.145 E F1
-(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 645.6 R F2
-<ad66>2.782 E F1 .282(option causes)2.782 F F2(wait)2.782 E F1 .282
-(to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F
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-(OMPTING)-.329 E F1 .644(When e)108 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644
-(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)3.144 E
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+(If the user im-)5.074 F 1.03(mediately attempts to e)108 549.6 R 1.03
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-(the v)180 348 Q(alue of the)-.25 E F3(PR)2.5 E(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)
--.36 E F1 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F2(\\W)144 360 Q F1
-(the basename of)180 360 Q F2($PWD)2.5 E F1 2.5(,w)C(ith)-2.5 E F3
-($HOME)2.5 E F1(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F2(\\!)144 372 Q
-F1(the history number of this command)180 372 Q F2(\\#)144 384 Q F1
-(the command number of this command)180 384 Q F2(\\$)144 396 Q F1
-(if the ef)180 396 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E
-F2(#)2.5 E F1 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F2($)2.5 E(\\)144 408 Q F0(nnn)
-A F1(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 408 Q F0(nnn)
-2.5 E F2(\\\\)144 420 Q F1 2.5(ab)180 420 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F2(\\[)144
-432 Q F1(be)180 432 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, \
-which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F
-(control sequence into the prompt)180 444 Q F2(\\])144 456 Q F1
-(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 456 Q .12
-(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 472.8 R
+(The braces are required.)5 E F2(\\e)144 160.8 Q F1
+(An ASCII escape character \(033\).)180 160.8 Q F2(\\h)144 172.8 Q F1
+(The hostname up to the \214rst \231.)180 172.8 Q<9a2e>-.7 E F2(\\H)144
+184.8 Q F1(The hostname.)180 184.8 Q F2(\\j)144 196.8 Q F1
+(The number of jobs currently managed by the shell.)180 196.8 Q F2(\\l)
+144 208.8 Q F1(The basename of the shell')180 208.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G
+(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name \(e.g., \231ttys0\232\).)-.25 E F2(\\n)144
+220.8 Q F1 2.5(An)180 220.8 S -.25(ew)-2.5 G(line.).25 E F2(\\r)144
+232.8 Q F1 2.5(Ac)180 232.8 S(arriage return.)-2.5 E F2(\\s)144 244.8 Q
+F1(The name of the shell: the basename of)180 244.8 Q F2($0)2.5 E F1
+(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\).)-.25 E F2(\\t)144
+256.8 Q F1(The current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format.)180 256.8 Q F2
+(\\T)144 268.8 Q F1(The current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format.)180
+268.8 Q F2(\\@)144 280.8 Q F1(The current time in 12-hour am/pm format.)
+180 280.8 Q F2(\\A)144 292.8 Q F1
+(The current time in 24-hour HH:MM format.)180 292.8 Q F2(\\u)144 304.8
+Q F1(The username of the current user)180 304.8 Q(.)-.55 E F2(\\v)144
+316.8 Q F1(The)180 316.8 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F1 -.15(ve)2.5 G
+(rsion \(e.g., 2.00\).).15 E F2(\\V)144 328.8 Q F1(The)180 328.8 Q F2
+(bash)2.5 E F1(release, v)2.5 E(ersion + patch le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+2.5(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F2(\\w)144 340.8 Q F1 1.646(The v)
+180 340.8 R 1.646(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PWD)4.145 E F1 1.645(shell v)
+4.145 F 1.645(ariable \()-.25 F F2($PWD)A F1 1.645(\), with)B/F3 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF($HOME)4.145 E F1(abbre)3.895 E 1.645
+(viated with a tilde)-.25 F(\(uses the v)180 352.8 Q(alue of the)-.25 E
+F3(PR)2.5 E(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F1 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\).).25
+E F2(\\W)144 364.8 Q F1(The basename of)180 364.8 Q F2($PWD)2.5 E F1 2.5
+(,w)C(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F1(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde.)
+-.25 E F2(\\!)144 376.8 Q F1(The history number of this command.)180
+376.8 Q F2(\\#)144 388.8 Q F1(The command number of this command.)180
+388.8 Q F2(\\$)144 400.8 Q F1(If the ef)180 400.8 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15
+(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E F2(#)2.5 E F1 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E
+F2($)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(\\)144 412.8 Q F0(nnn)A F1
+(The character corresponding to the octal number)180 412.8 Q F0(nnn)2.5
+E F1(.)A F2(\\\\)144 424.8 Q F1 2.5(Ab)180 424.8 S(ackslash.)-2.5 E F2
+(\\[)144 436.8 Q F1(Be)180 436.8 Q 1.128(gin a sequence of non-printing\
+ characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F
+(control sequence into the prompt.)180 448.8 Q F2(\\])144 460.8 Q F1
+(End a sequence of non-printing characters.)180 460.8 Q .12
+(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 477.6 R
.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\
n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\
-tory \214le \(see)108 484.8 R F3(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F1
-(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 496.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\
+tory \214le \(see)108 489.6 R F3(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F1
+(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 501.6 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\
osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354
-(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 508.8 R .822
+(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 513.6 R .822
(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.822 F .822
(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,)
--.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 520.8 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15
+-.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 525.6 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15
F -.25(va)-.15 G .683(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F
F2(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F1 .682(shell option \(see the de-)
-3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 532.8 R F2(shopt)3.697 E F1 1.197
+3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 537.6 R F2(shopt)3.697 E F1 1.197
(command under)3.697 F F3 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197
(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198
(can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef)
-108 544.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \
+108 549.6 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \
command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108
-556.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)
-72 573.6 Q F1 .15
+561.6 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)
+72 578.4 Q F1 .15
(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
-108 585.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F2
-(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F1(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 597.6 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.885(na).15 G 2.885(ts)-2.885 G .385(hell in)-2.885 F -.2
-(vo)-.4 G 2.885(cation. Line).2 F .385
-(editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F2<ad65>2.884 E F1 .384
-(option to the)2.884 F F2 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F1 -.2(bu)2.884 G
-2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 609.6 S 1.406
-(ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F
-3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 621.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
+108 590.4 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F2
+(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F1(option)2.651 E .574
+(is supplied at shell in)108 602.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.073(cation. Line).2
+F .573(editing is also used when using the)3.073 F F2<ad65>3.073 E F1
+.573(option to the)3.073 F F2 -.18(re)3.073 G(ad).18 E F1 -.2(bu)3.073 G
+3.073(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 614.4 Q 1.243(ault, the line editing comma\
+nds are similar to those of emacs; a vi-style line editing interf)-.1 F
+1.244(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 626.4 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)
-3.35 F F2 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F1(or)3.35 E F2 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F1
.85(options to the)3.35 F F2(set)3.35 E F1 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E
-(\(see)108 633.6 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS)
+(\(see)108 638.4 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS)
-.828 F F1(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of)
-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763
(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.263 E
-(emacs)108 645.6 Q F1(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F1(options to the)2.5 E F2
-(set)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(Readline Notation)87 662.4 Q
-F1 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k)
-108 674.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
-2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F0 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F1(,)A
-1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 686.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,)
--.65 E F0(meta)4.032 E F1 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)
--.05 F F0 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F1 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153
-(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 698.4 S .831
-(yboards without a)-.05 F F0(meta)3.711 E F1 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65
-(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F0(x)A F1 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F0(x)3.331 E F1
-3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83
-(hen the).15 F F0(x)4.1 E F1 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83
-(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 710.4 R F0 .599(meta pr)3.099 F
-(e\214x)-.37 E F1 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F0
-(x)A F1 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F0(x)A F1 3.099(,o)C 3.099
-(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6
-(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 722.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
-(hile pressing the).15 E F0(x)3.27 E F1 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\))
-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(42)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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+(emacs)108 650.4 Q F1(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F1(options to the)2.5 E F2
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+F1 .862(This section uses Emacs-style editing concepts and uses its not\
+ation for k)108 679.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.362(es. Control)-.1
+F -.1(ke)3.362 G .862(ys are de-)-.05 F .55(noted by C\255)108 691.2 R
+F0 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F1 3.05(,e)C .55(.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)
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+(oM)-3.05 G .55(\255x means)-3.05 F 2.5(Meta\255X. The)108 703.2 R
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+(Alt\232 or \231Option\232.)-.8 E .15(On k)108 720 R -.15(ey)-.1 G .15
+(boards without a).15 F F0(Meta)3.33 E F1 -.1(ke)2.91 G 1.45 -.65(y, M)
+-.05 H<ad>.65 E F0(x)A F1 .15(means ESC)2.65 F F0(x)2.65 E F1 2.649(,i)C
+.149(.e., press and release the Escape k)-2.649 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.649
+(,t)-.5 G .149(hen press and)-2.649 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
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/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .596(Readline commands may be gi)108 84 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.096(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.096 E F0(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F1
-3.096(,w).27 G .596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F
-(Sometimes,)5.595 E(ho)108 96 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i)
-.15 H 3.118(ti).4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F
-.619(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619
-(ssing a ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg)
-.15 G .619(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 108
-R 1.018(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255line)
-3.518 E F1 3.518(\)c)C 1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518
-F 1.018(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 120 Q
-(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo)
--.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 136.8 R F0
-(killing)3.311 E F1(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811
-(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812
-(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F0
-(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 148.8 Q F1 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529
-F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F0
-.029(kill ring)B F1 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H
-.029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,)
--.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 160.8 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F
-.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E 2.686(release the)108 84 R F0(x)5.956 E F1 -.1(ke)
+5.716 G 3.986 -.65(y, i)-.05 H 5.186(ns).65 G 5.187(equence. This)-5.186
+F(mak)5.187 E 2.687(es ESC the)-.1 F F0 2.687(meta pr)5.187 F(e\214x)
+-.37 E F1 7.687(.T)C 2.687(he combination M\255C\255)-7.687 F F0(x)A F1
+(means)5.187 E(ESC\255Control\255)108 96 Q F0(x)A F1 2.636(:p)C .136
+(ress and release the Escape k)-2.636 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.635(,t)-.5 G
+.135(hen press and hold the Control k)-2.635 F .435 -.15(ey w)-.1 H .135
+(hile pressing the).15 F F0(x)3.405 E F1 -.1(ke)108 108 S 1.3 -.65(y, t)
+-.05 H(hen release both.).65 E .216(On some k)108 124.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G
+.216(boards, the Meta k).15 F .516 -.15(ey m)-.1 H .217
+(odi\214er produces characters with the eighth bit \(0200\) set.).15 F
+-1.1(Yo)5.217 G 2.717(uc)1.1 G .217(an use)-2.717 F(the)108 136.8 Q/F2
+10/Times-Bold@0 SF(enable\255meta\255k)3.316 E(ey)-.1 E F1 -.25(va)3.316
+G .816(riable to control whether or not it does this, if the k).25 F
+-.15(ey)-.1 G .816(board allo).15 F .816(ws it.)-.25 F .815(On man)5.815
+F(y)-.15 E .568(others, the terminal or terminal emulator con)108 148.8
+R -.15(ve)-.4 G .568(rts the meta\214ed k).15 F .868 -.15(ey t)-.1 H
+3.068(oak).15 G .868 -.15(ey s)-3.168 H .568(equence be).15 F .569
+(ginning with ESC)-.15 F(as described in the preceding paragraph.)108
+160.8 Q .03(If your)108 177.6 R F0(Meta)2.53 E F1 -.1(ke)2.53 G 2.53(yp)
+-.05 G .03(roduces a k)-2.53 F .33 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .029
+(equence with the ESC meta pre\214x, you can mak).15 F 2.529(eM)-.1 G(-)
+-2.529 E F0 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F1 -.1(ke)2.529 G 2.529(yb)-.05 G .029
+(indings you)-2.529 F(specify \(see)108 189.6 Q F2(Readline K)2.5 E
+(ey Bindings)-.25 E F1(belo)2.5 E(w\) do the same thing by setting the)
+-.25 E F2 -.25(fo)2.5 G -.18(rc).25 G(e\255meta\255pr).18 E(e\214x)-.18
+E F1 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable.).25 E F2(Readline)108 206.4 Q F1 .436
+(commands may be gi)2.936 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.936(nn).15 G(umeric)-2.936
+E F0(ar)3.266 E(guments)-.37 E F1 2.936(,w).27 G .437
+(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-2.936 F(Sometimes,)5.437 E(ho)108
+218.4 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G
+3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
+(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne)
+.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619
+(ument to a command that).18 F .296(acts in the forw)108 230.4 R .296
+(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F2(kill\255line)2.796 E F1 2.796(\)m)C(ak)
+-2.796 E .296(es that command act in a backw)-.1 F .296(ard direction.)
+-.1 F(Commands)5.296 E(whose beha)108 242.4 Q(vior with ar)-.2 E
+(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo)-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G
+(The)108 259.2 Q F0(point)3.245 E F1 .745
+(is the current cursor position, and)3.245 F F0(mark)3.245 E F1 .745
+(refers to a sa)3.245 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.245(dc).15 G .745
+(ursor position.)-3.245 F .745(The te)5.745 F .745(xt between the)-.15 F
+.447(point and mark is referred to as the)108 271.2 R F0 -.37(re)2.947 G
+(gion)-.03 E F1(.)A F2(Readline)5.447 E F1 .447(has the concept of an)
+2.947 F F0 .447(active r)2.947 F -.4(eg)-.37 G(ion).4 E F1 2.947(:w)C
+.447(hen the re)-2.947 F(gion)-.15 E .305(is acti)108 283.2 R -.15(ve)
+-.25 G(,).15 E F2 -.18(re)2.805 G(adline).18 E F1 .305
+(redisplay highlights the re)2.805 F .305(gion using the v)-.15 F .304
+(alue of the)-.25 F F2(acti)2.804 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(-r).1 E
+(egion-start-color)-.18 E F1 -.25(va)2.804 G(riable.).25 E(The)108 295.2
+Q F2(enable\255acti)2.758 E -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion)-.18 E F1 -.25
+(va)2.758 G .258(riable turns this on and of).25 F 2.759(f. Se)-.25 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .259(ral commands set the re).15 F .259(gion to acti)-.15
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.759(;t).15 G(hose)-2.759 E(are noted belo)108 307.2 Q
+-.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 324 R F0(killing)
+3.311 E F1(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811(xt deleted is sa)-.15
+F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F
+-.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F0(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 336 Q F1 3.673
+(\). The)B 1.174(killed te)3.673 F 1.174(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
+3.674(di).15 G 3.674(na)-3.674 G F0 1.174(kill ring)B F1 6.174(.C)C
+(onsecuti)-6.174 E 1.474 -.15(ve k)-.25 H 1.174
+(ills accumulate the deleted te).15 F 1.174(xt into one unit,)-.15 F
+.567(which can be yank)108 348 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567
+(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567
(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.)
-108 172.8 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 189.6 Q F1 .091(Readline is c\
-ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108
-201.6 R F0(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F1 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091
-(name of this \214le)2.591 F .431(is tak)108 213.6 R .431(en from the v)
--.1 F .432(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INPUTRC)2.932 E F1
--.25(va)2.682 G 2.932(riable. If).25 F .432(that v)2.932 F .432
-(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .432(ault is)-.1 F F0(\001/.inputr)
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-(xt \231Function K)-.15 E .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H<9a2e>.15 E
-(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 100.8 Q F2
-<5c43ad>144 112.8 Q F1(control pre\214x)180 112.8 Q F2<5c4dad>144 124.8
-Q F1(meta pre\214x)180 124.8 Q F2(\\e)144 136.8 Q F1
-(an escape character)180 136.8 Q F2(\\\\)144 148.8 Q F1(backslash)180
-148.8 Q F2(\\")144 160.8 Q F1(literal ")180 160.8 Q F2<5c08>144 172.8 Q
-F1(literal \010)180 172.8 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\
-equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 189.6 Q -.25(va)-.2
-G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 201.6 Q F1(alert \(bell\))180 201.6 Q F2(\\b)
-144 213.6 Q F1(backspace)180 213.6 Q F2(\\d)144 225.6 Q F1(delete)180
-225.6 Q F2(\\f)144 237.6 Q F1(form feed)180 237.6 Q F2(\\n)144 249.6 Q
-F1(ne)180 249.6 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 261.6 Q F1(carriage return)180
-261.6 Q F2(\\t)144 273.6 Q F1(horizontal tab)180 273.6 Q F2(\\v)144
-285.6 Q F1 -.15(ve)180 285.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 297.6 Q F0
-(nnn)A F1(the eight-bit character whose v)180 297.6 Q
-(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F0(nnn)2.5 E F1
-(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 309.6 Q F0(HH)A F1
-(the eight-bit character whose v)180 309.6 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E
-(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F0(HH)2.5 E F1(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
--.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)108
-326.4 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\
-dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 338.4 R .09
-(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body)
-5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 350.4 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F
-(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E
-(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F2(Bash)108 367.2 Q F1(allo)2.929 E
-.429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429
-(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.93 E F1
--.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046
-(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 379.2 R .346 -.15
-(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F2<ad6f>2.545 E F1 .045
-(option to the)2.545 F F2(set)2.545 E F1 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045
-(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 391.2 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
-(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2
-(Readline V)87 408 Q(ariables)-.92 E F1 .043(Readline has v)108 420 R
-.043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F
-(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043
-(riable may be set in the).25 F F0(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 432 Q(c)-.37 E
-F1(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F2(set)144 448.8 Q F0
-(variable\255name value)2.5 E F1(or using the)108 460.8 Q F2(bind)2.5 E
-F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .79
-(Except where noted, readline v)108 477.6 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F
-3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F2(On)3.29 E F1(or)3.29 E F2
-(Off)3.29 E F1 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).)
-.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .508(nized v)108 489.6 R .508
-(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .508(When readline reads a v)5.508 F
-.508(ariable v)-.25 F .508(alue, empty or null v)-.25 F .509
-(alues, \231on\232 \(case-)-.25 F(insensiti)108 501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.594(\), and \2311\232 are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .594(lent to).25 F
-F2(On)3.094 E F1 5.594(.A)C .594(ll other v)-5.594 F .593
-(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .593(lent to).25 F F2(Off)3.093 E
-F1 5.593(.T)C .593(he v)-5.593 F .593(ariables and their)-.25 F(def)108
-513.6 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alues are:)-.25 E F2(acti)108 530.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G
-<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F1 2.729(As)144 542.4 S .229
-(tring v)-2.729 F .229(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(The)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .547(bind \255V)
+3.047 F F1 .547(command lists the current)3.047 F F2 -.18(re)3.047 G
+(adline).18 E F1 -.25(va)3.047 G .547(riable names and v).25 F 3.047
+(alues \(see)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .546(SHELL B)3.047 F(UIL)-.09 E
+.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)108 96 Q F1(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(The v)
+108 112.8 Q(ariables and their def)-.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alues are:)-.25 E
+F2(acti)108 129.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18
+E F1 2.729(As)144 141.6 S .229(tring v)-2.729 F .229
+(ariable that controls the te)-.25 F .229
(xt color and background when displaying the te)-.15 F .23
-(xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 554.4 Q 1.527
+(xt in the acti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(re)144 153.6 Q 1.527
(gion \(see the description of)-.15 F F2(enable\255acti)4.026 E -.1(ve)
-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion)-.18 E F1(belo)4.026 E 4.026(w\). This)-.25 F
1.526(string must not tak)4.026 F 4.026(eu)-.1 G 4.026(pa)-4.026 G -.15
-(ny)-4.026 G(ph)144 566.4 Q .283
+(ny)-4.026 G(ph)144 165.6 Q .283
(ysical character positions on the display)-.05 F 2.783(,s)-.65 G 2.784
(oi)-2.783 G 2.784(ts)-2.784 G .284
(hould consist only of terminal escape sequences.)-2.784 F .45
-(It is output to the terminal before displaying the te)144 578.4 R .45
+(It is output to the terminal before displaying the te)144 177.6 R .45
(xt in the acti)-.15 F .75 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.95
(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.95 G .45(riable is reset to).25 F .378
-(the def)144 590.4 R .378(ault v)-.1 F .378(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve)
+(the def)144 189.6 R .378(ault v)-.1 F .378(alue whene)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.878(rt).15 G .379(he terminal type changes.)-2.878 F .379
(The def)5.379 F .379(ault v)-.1 F .379
(alue is the string that puts the)-.25 F .655
-(terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal')144 602.4 R
+(terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal')144 201.6 R
3.154(st)-.55 G .654(erminfo description.)-3.154 F 3.154(As)5.654 G .654
-(ample v)-3.154 F(alue)-.25 E(might be \231\\e[01;33m\232.)144 614.4 Q
-F2(acti)108
626.4 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255end\255color)-.18 E
-F1 3.777(As)144 638.4 S 1.277(tring v)-3.777 F 1.277
+(ample v)-3.154 F(alue)-.25 E(might be \231\\e[01;33m\232.)144 213.6 Q
+F2(acti)108
225.6 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255end\255color)-.18 E
+F1 3.777(As)144 237.6 S 1.277(tring v)-3.777 F 1.277
(ariable that \231undoes\232 the ef)-.25 F 1.277(fects of)-.25 F F2
(acti)3.777 E -.1(ve)-.1 G<ad72>.1 E(egion\255start\255color)-.18 E F1
1.278(and restores \231normal\232)3.778 F .216
-(terminal display appearance after displaying te)144 650.4 R .216
+(terminal display appearance after displaying te)144 249.6 R .216
(xt in the acti)-.15 F .516 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.716
(ion. This).15 F .216(string must not tak)2.716 F 2.716(eu)-.1 G(p)
--2.716 E(an)144 662.4 Q 3.737(yp)-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.737 G 1.237
+-2.716 E(an)144 261.6 Q 3.737(yp)-.15 G -.05(hy)-3.737 G 1.237
(sical character positions on the display).05 F 3.737(,s)-.65 G 3.737
(oi)-3.737 G 3.737(ts)-3.737 G 1.238
(hould consist only of terminal escape se-)-3.737 F 2.928(quences. It)
-144 674.4 R .428(is output to the terminal after displaying the te)2.928
+144 273.6 R .428(is output to the terminal after displaying the te)2.928
F .427(xt in the acti)-.15 F .727 -.15(ve r)-.25 H -.15(eg).15 G 2.927
(ion. This).15 F -.25(va)2.927 G .427(riable is).25 F .518
-(reset to the def)144 686.4 R .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue whene)-.25 F
+(reset to the def)144 285.6 R .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue whene)-.25 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.018(rt).15 G .518(he terminal type changes.)-3.018 F
.518(The def)5.518 F .518(ault v)-.1 F .518(alue is the string that)-.25
F .252(restores the terminal from standout mode, as obtained from the t\
-erminal')144 698.4 R 2.751(st)-.55 G .251(erminfo description.)-2.751 F
-(A)5.251 E(sample v)144 710.4 Q(alue might be \231\\e[0m\232.)-.25 E
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(44)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 45 45
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
-138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bell\255style \(audible\))108
-84 Q F1 .01(Controls what happens when readline w)144 96 R .011
-(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F2(none)
-2.511 E F1 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E
-.94(rings the bell.)144 108 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F2(visible)3.44 E F1
-3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va)
--.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F2(audible)3.44 E F1(,)A
-(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 120 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.)
--2.5 E F2(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 132 Q F1 .178
-(If set to)144 144 R F2(On)2.678 E F1 .178(\(the def)2.678 F .178
-(ault\), readline attempts to bind the control)-.1 F .178
-(characters that are treated specially)5.178 F 1.196(by the k)144 156 R
-(ernel')-.1 E 3.696(st)-.55 G 1.196(erminal dri)-3.696 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.696(rt).15 G 3.695(ot)-3.696 G 1.195(heir readline equi)-3.695 F -.25
-(va)-.25 G 3.695(lents. These).25 F -.15(ove)3.695 G 1.195
-(rride the def).15 F 1.195(ault readline)-.1 F .162
-(bindings described here.)144 168 R -.8(Ty)5.162 G .162
-(pe \231stty \255a\232 at a).8 F F2(bash)2.662 E F1 .163
-(prompt to see your current terminal settings, in-)2.663 F
-(cluding the special control characters \(usually)144 180 Q F2(cchars)
-2.5 E F1(\).)A F2(blink\255matching\255par)108 192 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E
-F1 .21(If set to)144 204 R F2(On)2.71 E F1 2.71(,r)C .21
-(eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21
-(he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F
-(parenthesis is inserted.)144 216 Q F2(color)108 228 Q
-(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F1 .515(If set to)
-144 240 R F2(On)3.015 E F1 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, rea\
-dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.936
-(completions using a dif)144 252 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T)
+erminal')144 297.6 R 2.751(st)-.55 G .251(erminfo description.)-2.751 F
+(A)5.251 E(sample v)144 309.6 Q(alue might be \231\\e[0m\232.)-.25 E F2
+(bell\255style \(audible\))108 321.6 Q F1 1.284
+(Controls what happens when)144 333.6 R F2 -.18(re)3.784 G(adline).18 E
+F1 -.1(wa)3.784 G 1.284(nts to ring the terminal bell.).1 F 1.284
+(If set to)6.284 F F2(none)3.784 E F1(,)A F2 -.18(re)3.784 G(adline).18
+E F1(ne)144 345.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.645(rr).15 G .145(ings the bell.)
+-2.645 F .145(If set to)5.145 F F2(visible)2.645 E F1(,)A F2 -.18(re)
+2.645 G(adline).18 E F1 .144(uses a visible bell if one is a)2.645 F
+-.25(va)-.2 G 2.644(ilable. If).25 F .144(set to)2.644 F F2(audi-)2.644
+E(ble)144 357.6 Q F1(,)A F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F1
+(attempts to ring the terminal')2.5 E 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.)-2.5 E F2
+(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 369.6 Q F1 .515(If set to)
+144 381.6 R F2(On)3.016 E F1(,)A F2 -.18(re)3.016 G(adline).18 E F1 .516
+(attempts to bind the control characters that are treated specially by \
+the k)3.016 F(er)-.1 E(-)-.2 E(nel')144 393.6 Q 3.605(st)-.55 G 1.105
+(erminal dri)-3.605 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.605(rt).15 G 3.605(ot)-3.605 G
+(heir)-3.605 E F2 -.18(re)3.605 G(adline).18 E F1(equi)3.605 E -.25(va)
+-.25 G 3.605(lents. These).25 F -.15(ove)3.605 G 1.105(rride the def).15
+F(ault)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)3.605 G(adline).18 E F1(bindings)3.605 E .858
+(described here.)144 405.6 R -.8(Ty)5.858 G .858
+(pe \231stty \255a\232 at a).8 F F2(bash)3.359 E F1 .859
+(prompt to see your current terminal settings, including)3.359 F
+(the special control characters \(usually)144 417.6 Q F2(cchars)2.5 E F1
+(\).)A F2(blink\255matching\255par)108 429.6 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E F1 .057
+(If set to)144 441.6 R F2(On)2.557 E F1(,)A F2 -.18(re)2.557 G(adline)
+.18 E F1 .057(attempts to brie\215y mo)2.557 F .356 -.15(ve t)-.15 H
+.056(he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F
+(parenthesis is inserted.)144 453.6 Q F2(color)108 465.6 Q
+(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F1 .351(If set to)
+144 477.6 R F2(On)2.852 E F1 2.852(,w)C .352(hen listing completions,)
+-2.852 F F2 -.18(re)2.852 G(adline).18 E F1 .352
+(displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)2.852 F 2.936
+(completions using a dif)144 489.6 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T)
-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935
-(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F2(LS_COLORS)144 264 Q F1
-(en)3.076 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577
+(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F2(LS_COLORS)144 501.6 Q
+F1(en)3.076 E .577(vironment v)-.4 F 3.077(ariable. If)-.25 F .577
(there is a color de\214nition in)3.077 F F2($LS_COLORS)3.077 E F1 .577
-(for the cus-)3.077 F .07(tom suf)144 276 R .069(\214x \231readline-col\
-ored-completion-pre\214x\232, readline uses this color for the common p\
-re\214x in-)-.25 F(stead of its def)144 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2(color)108
-300 Q(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F1 1.579(If set to)144 312 R F2(On)
-4.079 E F1 4.079(,r)C 1.579
-(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.079 F 1.58
-(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 324 R
+(for the cus-)3.077 F 1.176(tom suf)144 513.6 R 1.176
+(\214x \231readline-colored-completion-pre\214x\232,)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)
+3.676 G(adline).18 E F1 1.176(uses this color for the common pre\214x)
+3.676 F(instead of its def)144 525.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2(color)108 537.6 Q
+(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F1 1.392(If set to)144 549.6 R F2(On)3.893 E
+F1(,)A F2 -.18(re)3.893 G(adline).18 E F1 1.393
+(displays possible completions using dif)3.893 F 1.393
+(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 561.6 R
(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)-.25
E F2(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F1(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2
-(comment\255begin \()108 336 Q F1<99>A F2(#)A F1<9a>A F2(\))A F1 .885
-(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 348 R F2
-(insert\255comment)3.385 E F1 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 360 Q F2
-(M\255#)2.5 E F1(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F2(#)2.5 E F1
-(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F2(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\))
-108 372 Q F1 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\
-e matches when performing completion.)144 384 R .194(The v)144 396 R
-.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \
-screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F
-(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 408 Q(The def)5 E
-(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F2(completion\255ignor)108 420 Q
-(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F1(If set to)144 432 Q F2(On)2.5 E F1 2.5(,r)C
-(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\
-siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F2
-(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 444 Q F1 .093(If set to)144 456 R
-F2(On)2.593 E F1 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F2(completion\255ignor)2.593 E
-(e\255case)-.18 E F1 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093
-(yphens \()-.05 F F0<ad>A F1 2.593(\)a)C .094(nd underscores)-2.593 F
-(\()144 468 Q F0(_)A F1 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25
-G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H
-(lename matching and completion.).15 E F2(completion\255pr)108 480 Q
-(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F1 .829(The length in charact\
-ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\
-splayed)144 492 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 504 R 1.274
-(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)
--.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 516 S(lue are repla\
-ced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F2
-(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 528 Q F1 .53
-(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 540 R .529
-(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the)
-144 552 R F2(possible\255completions)3.06 E F1 3.06(command. It)3.06 F
-.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v)
--.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 564 R
-.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \
-the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 576 S .367
-(riable, readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to vie).25 F
-2.868(wt)-.25 G .368(hem; otherwise the)-2.868 F 2.868(ya)-.15 G .368
-(re simply)-2.868 F .673(listed on the terminal.)144 588 R 3.173(Az)
-5.673 G .673(ero v)-3.173 F .673(alue means readline should ne)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.172(ra).15 G .672(sk; ne)-3.172 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05
-E .972 -.15(ve v)-.25 H .672(alues are treated)-.1 F(as zero.)144 600 Q
-F2(con)108 612 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F1 .612(If set to)
-144 624 R F2(On)3.112 E F1 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F
--.15(ve)-.4 G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k)
-.15 F .913 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541
-(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
-144 636 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F0 .541(meta pr)3.041 F
-(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 648 Q F1 3.75(\). The)B(def)3.75 E 1.25(ault is)-.1
-F F0(On)3.75 E F1 3.75(,b)C 1.251(ut readline will set it to)-3.95 F F0
-(Of)3.751 E(f)-.18 E F1 1.251
-(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)3.751 F 1.142(This v)144
-660 R 1.142(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F2(LC_CTYPE)3.641 E F1
-1.141(locale cate)3.641 F(gory)-.15 E 3.641(,a)-.65 G 1.141
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-(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 432 Q
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+324 R(to a ne)144 336 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G 2.5(ine. This)-2.5 F
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+-2.895 E F2 -.18(re)2.695 G(ad-).18 E(line)144 384 Q F1 .339
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(nd)-2.542 E F0(vi\255insert)2.832 E F1(.).68 E F0(vi)5.042 E F1 .042
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-.448(lent to).25 F F0(emacs\255standar)2.948 E(d)-.37 E F1 5.448(.T)C
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-Q(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F2 -.1(ke)108 156 S
-(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F1 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 168 R
-F0 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F1 .367(will w)2.867 F .367
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--.1 H(equence).15 E .524(\(one that can form a complete k)144 180 R .824
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-.15(ey s)-.1 H .524(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)-.1 E
3.025(,o)-.4 G 3.025(rc)-3.025 G .525(an tak)-3.025 F 3.025(ea)-.1 G
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-(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051
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-E F0 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F1 .051(will w)2.551 F .051
-(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed)
--2.552 E(to decide which k)144 240 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
-(equence to complete.).15 E F2(mark\255dir)108 252 Q(ectories \(On\))
--.18 E F1(If set to)144 264 Q F2(On)2.5 E F1 2.5(,c)C
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(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.)
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-288 Q F2(On)2.5 E F1 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)
--.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F2
-(*)A F1(\).)A F2(mark\255symlink)108 300 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E
-(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F1 .175(If set to)144 312 R F2(On)2.675 E F1
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-(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475
--.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 324
-Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F1(\).)A F2
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-.013(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.513 E F1 2.513(,f)C .013
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-(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 360 R .127
-(If set to)5.127 F F2(Off)2.627 E F1 2.627(,t)C .127
-(he user must include the leading \231.)-2.627 F 5.126<9a69>-.7 G(n)
--5.126 E(the \214lename to be completed.)144 372 Q F2
-(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 384 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F1
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+138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
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+(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 84 Q F1 .512(This v)144 96 R .513
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+(den \214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 108 R .737
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+(he user must include the leading)-3.237 F<992e>144 120 Q 5<9a69>-.7 G
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ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions)
--4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 408 Q
-(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 420 Q F1
-.507(If set to)144 432 R F2(On)3.007 E F1 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \
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-ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 444 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884
-(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F0(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F1 3.384(,b)C
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-(if the locale contains)3.384 F 1.867(eight-bit characters.)144 456 R
-1.867(This v)6.867 F 1.867(ariable is dependent on the)-.25 F F2
-(LC_CTYPE)4.367 E F1 1.866(locale cate)4.366 F(gory)-.15 E 4.366(,a)-.65
-G 1.866(nd may)-4.366 F(change if the locale is changed.)144 468 Q F2
-(page\255completions \(On\))108 480 Q F1 .808(If set to)144 492 R F2(On)
-3.308 E F1 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F0(mor)
-3.308 E(e)-.37 E F1(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808
-(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F
-(tions at a time.)144 504 Q F2
-(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 516 Q F1 .228
-(If set to)144 528 R F2(On)2.727 E F1 2.727(,r)C .227(eadline will disp\
-lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical or)
--2.727 F(-)-.2 E(der)144 540 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E
-(wn the screen.)-.25 E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 552 T
-(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F1 .698(If set to)144 564 R
-F2(On)3.198 E F1 3.198(,r)C .699
-(eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when)
--3.198 F F2(accept\255line)3.199 E F1(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 576 S
-2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186
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-(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)144 588 S(adline)
-.18 E F1(.)A F2(sear)108 600 Q(ch\255ignor)-.18 E(e\255case \(Off\))-.18
-E F1 .289(If set to)144 612 R F2(On)2.789 E F1 2.789(,r)C .289(eadline \
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-e\255in-)-2.789 F(sensiti)144 624 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F2
-(sho)108 636 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E F1 .304
-(This alters the def)144 648 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304
-(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F2(On)
-2.804 E F1 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
-(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\
-isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 660 R(bell.)144 672 Q F2
-(sho)108 684 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F1 5.346
-(This alters the def)144 696 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
+-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 156 Q
+(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 168 Q F1
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+F1 .731(will set it to)3.231 F F0(On)3.231 E F1 .731
+(if the locale contains)3.231 F .53
+(characters whose encodings may include bytes with the eighth bit set.)
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+216 Q F2(LC_CTYPE)2.5 E F1(locale cate)2.5 E(gory)-.15 E 2.5(,a)-.65 G
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+(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.145 F
+(tions at a time.)144 252 Q F2(pr)108 264 Q(efer\255visible\255bell)-.18
+E F1(See)144 276 Q F2(bell\255style)2.5 E F1(.)A F2
+(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 288 Q F1 .041
+(If set to)144 300 R F2(On)2.541 E F1(,)A F2 -.18(re)2.541 G(adline).18
+E F1 .041(will display completions with matches sorted horizontally in \
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+(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 324 T
+(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E F1 .772(If set to)144 336 R
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+(Perform history and alias e)144 600 Q(xpansion on the current line.)
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138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 84 Q F1
-(Perform history and alias e)144 96 Q(xpansion on the current line.)-.15
-E F2(insert\255last\255ar)108 108 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M).833 G
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-144 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146
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-(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F2(Bash)5.146 E F1(at-)2.646 E
-(tempts to in)144 156 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
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--.162 E F4(,)A F1(and)2.25 E F0(emacs)2.5 E F1(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5
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-Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F0(end\255of\255\214le)108 184.8 Q F2
-(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F1 .651
-(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 196.8 R .651
-(xample, by)-.15 F F0(stty)3.491 E F1 3.151(\(1\). If).32 F .652
-(this character is read when)3.152 F .167
-(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 208.8 R
-.167(ginning of the line, readline interprets it as)-.15 F
-(the end of input and returns)144 220.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F2
-(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 232.8 Q F1 .441
-(Delete the character at point.)144 244.8 R .442
-(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F2
-(EOF)2.942 E F1(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 256.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)
--2.5 E F2(C\255d)2.5 E F1(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
-(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F2(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))
-108 268.8 Q F1 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 280.8 R
-5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553
-(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552
-(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 292.8 Q F2
--.25(fo)108 304.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F1 .473
-(Delete the character under the cursor)144 316.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108
+84 Q F1 .442(Delete the character at point.)144 96 R .442
+(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F2
+(EOF)2.941 E F1(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 108 Q 2.538(,a)-.4 G(s)
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+(some k)144 120 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(boards.).15 E F2
+(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))108 132 Q F1 .553
+(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 144 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553
+(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553(umeric ar)-3.053 F
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+.552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 156 Q F2 -.25(fo)108 168 S
+(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F1 .473
+(Delete the character under the cursor)144 180 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474
(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F
-(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 328.8 Q F2
-(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 340.8 Q F1 .779(Add the ne)144
-352.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279
-(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279
-G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F2(C\255q)3.278 E F1 3.278
-(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 364.8 S(ample.).15 E F2
-(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 376.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F1
-(Insert a tab character)144 388.8 Q(.)-.55 E F2
-(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !,)108 400.8 Q F1 1.666(...)2.5 G F2(\))
--1.666 E F1(Insert the character typed.)144 412.8 Q F2
-(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 424.8 Q F1 .321
-(Drag the character before point forw)144 436.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322
-(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F .372
-(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144
-448.8 R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)
-144 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F2
-(transpose\255w)108 472.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F1 .023(Drag the w)144
-484.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
+(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 192 Q F2
+(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 204 Q F1 .779(Add the ne)144
+216 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This)
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+(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F2(C\255q)3.278 E F1 3.278(,f)C
+(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 228 S(ample.).15 E F2(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)
+108 240 Q(AB\))-.9 E F1(Insert a tab character)144 252 Q(.)-.55 E F2
+(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !,)108 264 Q F1 1.666(...)2.5 G F2(\))
+-1.666 E F1(Insert the character typed.)144 276 Q F2(brack)108 288 Q
+(eted\255paste\255begin)-.1 E F1 .572
+(This function is intended to be bound to the \231brack)144 300 R .573
+(eted paste\232 escape sequence sent by some ter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .45
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+-.15(ey)-.1 G 3.452(board. The).15 F(pasted)3.452 E 1.119
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+-.1 F F2(self\255insert)3.619 E F1 1.118(instead of e)3.618 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G 1.118(cuting an).15 F 3.618(ye)-.15 G(diting)-3.618 E(commands.)
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+R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E -.05
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+408 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F2
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+432 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w)
-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F
-(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 496.8 Q 2.5
-(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F2(upcase\255w)108 508.8 Q
-(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F1 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144
-520.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698
-(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 532.8 S(rd, b).1
-E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2(do)108 544.8 Q
-(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F1(Lo)144 556.8 Q 1.647
+(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 444 Q 2.5
+(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F2(shell\255transpose\255w)108 456 Q
+(ords \(M-C-t\))-.1 E F1 .563(Drag the w)144 468 R .562
+(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .562(ord after point, mo)-.1 F .562
+(ving point past that w)-.15 F .562(ord as well.)-.1 F .562(If the)5.562
+F .019
+(insertion point is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)
+144 480 R 2.519(ow)-.1 G .019(ords on the line.)-2.619 F -.8(Wo)5.019 G
+.019(rd bound-).8 F(aries are the same as)144 492 Q F2(shell\255f)2.5 E
+(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F1(and)2.5 E F2(shell\255backward\255w)2.5
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+1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 516 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F
+4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998
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+(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 528 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15
+(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2(do)108 540 Q(wncase\255w)-.1 E
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(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147
(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre)
--.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 568.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
--.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2(capitalize\255w)108 580.8 Q
-(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F1 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144
-592.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974
-(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 604.8 S(rd, b)
-.1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2 -.1(ove)108
-616.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F1 -.8(To)144 628.8 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437
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+(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F1 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 588
+R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974
+(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 600 S(rd, b).1
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+G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437
(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438
(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)144 640.8 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
+(Wi)144 636 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781
(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F
-(fects)-.25 E(only)144 652.8 Q F2(emacs)4.394 E F1(mode;)4.394 E F2(vi)
+(fects)-.25 E(only)144 648 Q F2(emacs)4.394 E F1(mode;)4.394 E F2(vi)
4.394 E F1 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15
F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F0 -.37(re)
-4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F1 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969
-(mode. In)144 664.8 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469
-(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F2(self\255insert)3.969 E F1
-1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957
-(pushing the te)144 676.8 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958
-(Characters bound to)5.957 F F2(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F1
-.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 688.8
-Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F2(Killing and Y)87
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+(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F2(self\255insert)2.593 E F1
+.093(replace the te)2.593 F .092(xt at point rather than pushing the)
+-.15 F(te)144 684 Q .773(xt to the right.)-.15 F .773
+(Characters bound to)5.773 F F2(backward\255delete\255char)3.273 E F1
+.774(replace the character before point)3.273 F .52(with a space.)144
+696 R .52(By def)5.52 F .52(ault, this command is unbound, b)-.1 F .52
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138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108
-84 Q F1(Kill the te)144 96 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15
-E F2(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 108 Q F1(Kill backw)
-144 120 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F2
-(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 132 Q F1(Kill backw)144 144 Q
-(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E
-(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)
--2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F2(kill\255whole\255line)108 156 Q F1
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+-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 96 Q F1 1.414(Kill the te)144 108 R
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+G 1.414(th a ne).4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.714 -.15(ve n)-.25 H
+1.415(umeric ar).15 F 1.415(gument, kill)-.18 F(backw)144 120 Q
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+(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 132 Q F1 .026
+(Kill backw)144 144 R .026(ard to the be)-.1 F .025
+(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F -.4(Wi)5.025 G .025(th a ne).4 F
+-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .325 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .025(umeric ar).15 F .025
+(gument, kill forw)-.18 F(ard)-.1 E
+(from the cursor to the end of the line.)144 156 Q F2
+(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 168 Q F1(Kill backw)144 180 Q
+(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line, sa)-.15 E
+(ving the killed te)-.2 E(xt on the kill-ring.)-.15 E F2
+(kill\255whole\255line)108 192 Q F1
(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144
-168 Q F2(kill\255w)108 180 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F1 .729
-(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 192 R .728
-(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
-(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 204 S
+204 Q F2(kill\255w)108 216 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F1 .728
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 228 R .729
+(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729
+(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 240 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F2 -.25(fo)2.5 G
-(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(backward\255kill\255w)108 216 Q
-(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F1(Kill the w)144 228 Q(ord behind point.)-.1
+(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(backward\255kill\255w)108 252 Q
+(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F1(Kill the w)144 264 Q(ord behind point.)-.1
E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F2
-(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(shell\255kill\255w)108 240 Q
-(ord)-.1 E F1 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 252 R
-.729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F
-.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 264 S
+(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(shell\255kill\255w)108 276 Q
+(ord \(M\255C\255d\))-.1 E F1 .729
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 288 R .728
+(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
+(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 300 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F2(shell\255f)2.5 E
(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)
-108 276 Q(ord)-.1 E F1 3.025(Kill the w)144 288 R 3.025
+108 312 Q(ord)-.1 E F1 3.025(Kill the w)144 324 R 3.025
(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F2(shell\255back-)
-5.525 E(ward\255w)144 300 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(unix\255w)108 312 Q
-(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F1 .364(Kill the w)144 324 R .364
-(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1
-F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144
-336 Q F2(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 348 Q F1 .167(Kill the w)144
-360 R .166
+5.525 E(ward\255w)144 336 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(unix\255w)108 348 Q
+(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F1 1.063(Kill the w)144 360 R 1.063
+(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F 1.063(ord boundary)-.1
+F 3.563(,s)-.65 G -.2(av)-3.563 G 1.063(ing the killed te).2 F 1.063
+(xt on the)-.15 F(kill-ring.)144 372 Q F2(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)
+108 384 Q F1 .265(Kill the w)144 396 R .266
(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
--.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 372 Q
-(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)
--2.5 E F2(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 384 Q F1
-(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 396 Q F2(kill\255r)108 408
-Q(egion)-.18 E F1(Kill the te)144 420 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E
-(gion.)-.15 E F2(copy\255r)108 432 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F1(Cop)
-144 444 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
-(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F2
-(copy\255backward\255w)108 456 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(Cop)144 468 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G
-2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)
--.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301
-(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F2(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 480
-Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(copy\255f)108 492 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E
-F1(Cop)144 504 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1
-F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)
--.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F2
--.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 516 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2
-(yank \(C\255y\))108 528 Q F1 -1(Ya)144 540 S
+-.1 F .266(ord boundaries, sa)-.1 F(v-)-.2 E(ing the killed te)144 408 Q
+(xt on the kill-ring.)-.15 E F2
+(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 420 Q F1
+(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 432 Q F2(kill\255r)108 444
+Q(egion)-.18 E F1(Kill the te)144 456 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E
+(gion.)-.15 E F2(copy\255r)108 468 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F1(Cop)
+144 480 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
+(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.5(,s)-.4 G 2.5(oi)-2.5
+G 2.5(tc)-2.5 G(an be yank)-2.5 E(ed immediately)-.1 E(.)-.65 E F2
+(copy\255backward\255w)108 492 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(Cop)144 504 Q 4.801(yt)-.1
+G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2
+E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3
+(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F2(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 516 Q
+(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2(copy\255f)108 528 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F1
+(Cop)144 540 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F
+2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55
+G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F2 -.25
+(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 552 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2
+(yank \(C\255y\))108 564 Q F1 -1(Ya)144 576 S
(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25
-E F2(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 552 Q F1
-(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 564 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
+E F2(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 588 Q F1
+(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 600 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F2(yank)2.5 E
-F1(or)2.5 E F2(yank\255pop)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(Numeric Ar)87 580.8 Q
-(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 592.8 Q(gument \(M\2550, M\2551,)-.1 E F1
+F1(or)2.5 E F2(yank\255pop)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(Numeric Ar)87 616.8 Q
+(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 628.8 Q(gument \(M\2550, M\2551,)-.1 E F1
1.666(...)2.5 G F2 2.5(,M)-1.666 G<adad29>-2.5 E F1 .367
-(Add this digit to the ar)144 604.8 R .367
+(Add this digit to the ar)144 640.8 R .367
(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18
-(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 616.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
-(ument.).18 E F2(uni)108 628.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1
-E F1 .779(This is another w)144 640.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
-3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778
+(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 652.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
+(ument.).18 E F2(uni)108 664.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1
+E F1 .778(This is another w)144 676.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
+3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779
(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
-652.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
-664.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(uni)
+688.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
+700.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(uni)
3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F1(ag)3.67 E 1.17
(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 676.8 R .898
-(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 712.8 R .898
+(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898
(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23
-(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 688.8 R 1.23
+(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 724.8 R 1.23
(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 700.8 R .822
-(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823
-(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F
-(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 712.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5
-E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.3)
-72 768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(53)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 54 54
+-.15 F(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2024 October 15)141.235 E(56)
+190.395 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 57 57
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Completing)87 84 Q
-(complete \(T)108 96 Q(AB\))-.9 E F1 1.137
-(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 108 R 1.137
-(xt before point.)-.15 F F2(Bash)6.137 E F1 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 120 Q .434(xt as a v)
--.15 F .434(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .434(xt be)-.15 F .434(gins with)
--.15 F F2($)2.934 E F1 .434(\), username \(if the te)B .434(xt be)-.15 F
-.434(gins with)-.15 F F2<01>2.935 E F1 .435(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 132 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F2(@)3.202 E F1 .701
-(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701
-(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
-(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 144 Q F2
-(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 156 Q F1
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q(xt before point.)-.15
-E F2(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 180 Q F1 .783
-(Insert all completions of the te)144 192 R .783(xt before point that w)
--.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by)
-.15 F F2(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 204 Q F1(.)A F2
-(menu\255complete)108 216 Q F1 .929(Similar to)144 228 R F2(complete)
-3.429 E F1 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929
-(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.193
-(possible completions.)144 240 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.193(cution of).15 F F2(menu\255complete)3.694 E F1 1.194
-(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829
-(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 252 R .828
-(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
-(\(subject to the setting of)144 264 R F2(bell\255style)3.227 E F1 3.227
-(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727
-(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F F0(n)3.227 E F1(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G(s).15 E F0(n)3.228 E F1 1.73(positions forw)144 276 R 1.73
-(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03
--.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03
--.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 E(through the list.)144 288 Q
-(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F2 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F1
-2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)-.1 E F2
-(menu\255complete\255backward)108 300 Q F1 .82(Identical to)144 312 R F2
-(menu\255complete)3.32 E F1 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .823(The ar)144 84 R .823
+(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823
+(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F
+(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 96 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E
+(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E/F2 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(Completing)87 112.8 Q(complete \(T)108 124.8 Q(AB\))-.9
+E F1 .203(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 136.8 R .203
+(xt before point.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.203 E F1 .203
+(attempts completion by \214rst check-)2.703 F .768(ing for an)144 148.8
+R 3.268(yp)-.15 G .767(rogrammable completions for the command w)-3.268
+F .767(ord \(see)-.1 F F2(Pr)3.267 E .767(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F
+F1(belo)144 160.8 Q .059(w\), otherwise treating the te)-.25 F .059
+(xt as a v)-.15 F .059(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .06(xt be)-.15 F .06
+(gins with)-.15 F F2($)2.56 E F1 .06(\), username \(if the te)B .06
+(xt be-)-.15 F .474(gins with)144 172.8 R F2<01>2.974 E F1 .474
+(\), hostname \(if the te)B .474(xt be)-.15 F .474(gins with)-.15 F F2
+(@)2.974 E F1 .474(\), or command \(including aliases, functions, and)B
+-.2(bu)144 184.8 S(iltins\) in turn.).2 E
+(If none of these produces a match, it f)5 E
+(alls back to \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2
+(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 196.8 Q F1 .06
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 208.8 R .061
+(xt before point.)-.15 F .061(When displaying completions,)5.061 F F2
+-.18(re)2.561 G(adline).18 E F1(sets)2.561 E 1.002
+(the number of columns used for display to the v)144 220.8 R 1.002
+(alue of)-.25 F F2(completion-display-width)3.502 E F1 3.502(,t)C 1.002
+(he v)-3.502 F 1.002(alue of)-.25 F(the shell v)144 232.8 Q(ariable)-.25
+E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1
+(or the screen width, in that order)2.25 E(.)-.55 E F2
+(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 244.8 Q F1 .783
+(Insert all completions of the te)144 256.8 R .783
+(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
+.783(een generated by).15 F F2(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144
+268.8 Q F1 2.5(,s)C(eparated by a space.)-2.5 E F2(menu\255complete)108
+280.8 Q F1 .929(Similar to)144 292.8 R F2(complete)3.429 E F1 3.429(,b)C
+.929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929
+(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.618
+(possible completions.)144 304.8 R 1.618(Repeatedly e)6.618 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(menu\255complete)4.118 E F1 1.618
+(steps through the list of possible)4.118 F .421
+(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 316.8 R .421
+(At the end of the list of completions,)5.421 F F2(menu\255complete)2.92
+E F1 .219(rings the bell \(subject to the setting of)144 328.8 R F2
+(bell\255style)2.719 E F1 2.719(\)a)C .22(nd restores the original te)
+-2.719 F 2.72(xt. An)-.15 F(ar)2.72 E .22(gument of)-.18 F F0(n)2.72 E
+F1(mo)144 340.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F0(n)2.546 E F1 .046
+(positions forw)2.546 F .046(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .346 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .046(ument mo)
+.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.546(sb).15 G(ackw)-2.546 E .046(ard through the)
+-.1 F 2.5(list. This)144 352.8 R(command is intended to be bound to)2.5
+E F2 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F1 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)
+-.1 E F2(menu\255complete\255backward)108 364.8 Q F1 .82(Identical to)
+144 376.8 R F2(menu\255complete)3.32 E F1 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82
(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F2
-(menu\255complete)144 324 Q F1(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan)
-.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
-2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F2
-(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 336 Q F1 .234
-(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 348 R .234
-(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F2(delete\255char)2.734
-E F1(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F2(possible\255completions)
-2.925 E F1 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144
-372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 384 Q F1
-(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 396 Q(xt before point.)-.15
-E F2(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 408 Q F1
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q
+(menu\255complete)144 388.8 Q F1(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg)
+.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E
+F2(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 400.8 Q F1 .234
+(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 412.8 R
+.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F2(delete\255char)
+2.734 E F1(\).)A .305(At the end of the line, it beha)144 424.8 R -.15
+(ve)-.2 G 2.805(si).15 G .305(dentically to)-2.805 F F2
+(possible\255completions)2.805 E F1 5.305(.T)C .305
+(his command is unbound)-5.305 F(by def)144 436.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2
+(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 448.8 Q F1
+(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 460.8 Q(xt before point.)
+-.15 E F2(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 472.8 Q
+F1(List the possible completions of the te)144 484.8 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F2
-(complete\255user)108 432 Q(name \(M\255\001\))-.15 E F1
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 Q
+(complete\255user)108 496.8 Q(name \(M\255\001\))-.15 E F1
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 508.8 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F2(possible\255user)
-108 456 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x \001\))-.15 E F1
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q
+108 520.8 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x \001\))-.15 E F1
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 532.8 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F2(complete\255v)108
-480 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F1(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2
-(possible\255v)108 504 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F1
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 516 Q
+544.8 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F1(Attempt completion on the te)144
+556.8 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E
+F2(possible\255v)108 568.8 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E
+F1(List the possible completions of the te)144 580.8 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2
-(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 528 Q F1
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 540 Q
+(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 592.8 Q F1
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 604.8 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F2
-(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 552 Q F1
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 564 Q
+(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 616.8 Q F1
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 628.8 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F2
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 576 Q F1 .581
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 588 R .581
+(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 640.8 Q F1 .581
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 652.8 R .581
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58
-(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 600 R
+(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 664.8 R
.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F
-(\214nally e)144 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(\214nally e)144 676.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F2
-(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 624 Q F1
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 636 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F2
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 648 Q(AB\))-.9 E F1 .425
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 660 R .425
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424
-(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
-(for possible completion matches.)144 672 Q F2(dab)108 684 Q(br)-.1 E
--.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F1 .61
-(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 696 R .611
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611
-(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
-(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72
-768 Q(2024 March 29)144.29 E(54)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 55 55
+(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 688.8 Q F1
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 700.8 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72
+768 Q(2024 October 15)141.235 E(57)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 84 Q F1 .4(Perform \214lenam\
-e completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed withi\
-n braces so)144 96 R(the list is a)144 108 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 84 Q(AB\))-.9 E F1 .092
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 96 R .092
+(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .092(xt ag)-.15 F .092
+(ainst history list entries for pos-)-.05 F(sible completion matches.)
+144 108 Q F2(dab)108 120 Q(br)-.1 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F1
+.61(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 132 R .611
+(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611
+(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
+(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 144 Q F2
+(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 156 Q F1 .4(Perform \214lena\
+me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\
+in braces so)144 168 R(the list is a)144 180 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F2(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F1(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2 -.25(Ke)87 124.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
-E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 136.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
-.833 E F1(Be)144 148.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2 -.25(Ke)87 196.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
+E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 208.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
+.833 E F1(Be)144 220.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro.).15 E F2(end\255kbd\255macr)108 160.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
-(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F1(Stop sa)144 172.8 Q
+(board macro.).15 E F2(end\255kbd\255macr)108 232.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
+(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F1(Stop sa)144 244.8 Q
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F2
-(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 184.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
-E F1(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)
+(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 256.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
+E F1(Re-e)144 268.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)
-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\
- appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 208.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15
-E F2(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E
-F1(Print the last k)144 232.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
+ appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 280.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15
+E F2(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 292.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E
+F1(Print the last k)144 304.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E F0(inputr)2.5
-E(c)-.37 E F1(\214le.)2.5 E F2(Miscellaneous)87 249.6 Q -.18(re)108
-
261.6 S<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F1
-1.777(Read in the contents of the)144 273.6 R F0(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E
+E(c)-.37 E F1(\214le.)2.5 E F2(Miscellaneous)87 321.6 Q -.18(re)108
+
333.6 S<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F1
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F1 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776
(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
-285.6 Q F2(abort \(C\255g\))108 297.6 Q F1 3.248
-(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 309.6 R
+357.6 Q F2(abort \(C\255g\))108 369.6 Q F1 3.248
+(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 381.6 R
5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F2
-(bell\255style)144 321.6 Q F1(\).)A F2(do\255lo)108 333.6 Q(wer)-.1 E
+(bell\255style)144 393.6 Q F1(\).)A F2(do\255lo)108 405.6 Q(wer)-.1 E
(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F0(x)A F2(,)A F1
1.666(...)2.5 G F2(\))-1.666 E F1 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144
-345.6 R F0(x)4.239 E F1 1.739
+417.6 R F0(x)4.239 E F1 1.739
(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239
-F(meta\214ed lo)144 357.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G
+F(meta\214ed lo)144 429.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G
(he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F0(x)2.5 E F1(is already lo)
-2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F2(pr)108 369.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F1
-(Metafy the ne)144 381.6 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F2(pr)108 441.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F1
+(Metafy the ne)144 453.6 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
SF(ESC)5 E F2(f)2.25 E F1(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2
-(Meta\255f)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 393.6 Q F1
-(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 405.6 Q F2
--2.29 -.18(re v)108 417.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F1 .23
-(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 429.6 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F
+(Meta\255f)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 465.6 Q F1
+(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 477.6 Q F2
+-2.29 -.18(re v)108 489.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F1 .23
+(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 501.6 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F
2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F2(undo)2.731 E F1
.231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F
-(turn the line to its initial state.)144 441.6 Q F2
-(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 453.6 Q F1(Perform tilde e)144 465.6 Q
+(turn the line to its initial state.)144 513.6 Q F2
+(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 525.6 Q F1(Perform tilde e)144 537.6 Q
(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2
-(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 477.6 Q F1
-(Set the mark to the point.)144 489.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
-(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F2
-(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 501.6 Q F1(Sw)
-144 513.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
-(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa)
-144 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F2
-(character\255sear)108 537.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F1 3.111(Ac)144
-549.6 S .611(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.111 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.112(dt).15 G 3.112(ot)-3.112 G .612(he ne)-3.112 F .612
-(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.612(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .912 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(u-).18 E
-(ment searches for pre)144 561.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F2
-(character\255sear)108 573.6 Q(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F1
-2.695(Ac)144 585.6 S .194(haracter is read and point is mo)-2.695 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 2.694(dt).15 G 2.694(ot)-2.694 G .194(he pre)-2.694 F .194
-(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 5.194(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .494 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G
-(gument searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 597.6 Q F2
-(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 609.6 Q F1 1.826
-(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 621.6 R 2.126 -.15
+(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 549.6 Q F1
+(Set the mark to the point.)144 561.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
+(gument is supplied, set the mark to that position.)-.18 E F2
+(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 573.6 Q F1(Sw)
+144 585.6 Q .872(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .871
+(Set the current cursor position to the sa)5.871 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.371
+(dp).15 G .871(osition, then set the)-3.371 F
+(mark to the old cursor position.)144 597.6 Q F2(character\255sear)108
+609.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F1 1.1(Read a character and mo)144 621.6 R
+1.4 -.15(ve p)-.15 H 1.101(oint to the ne).15 F 1.101
+(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 6.101(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.401 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument).18 E
+(searches for pre)144 633.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F2
+(character\255sear)108 645.6 Q(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F1
+1.071(Read a character and mo)144 657.6 R 1.371 -.15(ve p)-.15 H 1.071
+(oint to the pre).15 F 1.071(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F
+6.07(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.37 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
+-.18(rg).15 G(u-).18 E(ment searches for subsequent occurrences.)144
+669.6 Q F2(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 681.6 Q F1 1.826
+(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 693.6 R 2.126 -.15
(ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)
--.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 633.6 R
-.791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791
+-.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .219(Home and End.)144 705.6 R
+.219(CSI sequences be)5.219 F .218
(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F
-.286(If this sequence is bound to \231\\[\232, k)144 645.6 R -.15(ey)-.1
-G 2.786(sp).15 G .286(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.786 F .587 -.15
-(ve n)-.2 H 2.787(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect unless e).25 F
-(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\
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-5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 669.6 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
-(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F2(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108
-681.6 Q F1 -.4(Wi)144 693.6 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48
-(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F2
-(comment\255begin)2.981 E F1 -.25(va)2.981 G .481
-(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 705.6 Q .245
-(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244
-(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321
-(the characters at the be)144 717.6 R .321
-(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F2
-(comment\255begin)2.821 E F1 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is)
--.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 729.6 R F2
-(comment\255begin)3.332 E F1 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831
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+(If)5.218 E .137(this sequence is bound to \231\\e[\232, k)144 717.6 R
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+(ect unless e).25 F(xplicitly)-.15 E .297(bound to a)144 729.6 R F2 -.18
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/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E 1.468
-(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 84 R 1.468
-(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F
-1.469(alue of)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)
-144 96 Q F1 .84(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
-(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F
-(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 108 Q -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted by the shell.).15 E F2(spell\255corr)108 120 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(unbound by def)144 84 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
+(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 96 Q F1 -.4(Wi)144 108 S .532
+(thout a numeric ar).4 F .533(gument, insert the v)-.18 F .533
+(alue of the)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)3.033 G .533(adline comment\255begin).18
+F F1 -.25(va)3.033 G .533(riable at the be-).25 F .792
+(ginning of the current line.)144 120 R .791(If a numeric ar)5.791 F
+.791(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .863
+(the characters at the be)144 132 R .864
+(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .864(alue of)-.25 F F2
+(comment\255begin)3.364 E F1 3.364(,i)C .864(nsert the)-3.364 F -.25(va)
+144 144 S .305(lue; otherwise delete the characters in).25 F F2
+(comment-begin)2.804 E F1 .304(from the be)2.804 F .304
+(ginning of the line.)-.15 F .304(In either)5.304 F .947
+(case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 156 R .948
+(wline had been typed.)-.25 F .948(The def)5.948 F .948(ault v)-.1 F
+.948(alue of)-.25 F F2(comment\255begin)3.448 E F1 .363
+(causes this command to mak)144 168 R 2.863(et)-.1 G .363
+(he current line a shell comment.)-2.863 F .362(If a numeric ar)5.362 F
+.362(gument causes the)-.18 F(comment character to be remo)144 180 Q
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuted by the shell.).15 E F2(spell\255corr)108 192 Q(ect\255w)-.18 E
(ord \(C\255x s\))-.1 E F1 .42
-(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 132 R .421
+(Perform spelling correction on the current w)144 204 R .421
(ord, treating it as a directory or \214lename, in the same)-.1 F -.1
-(wa)144 144 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F2(cdspell)
+(wa)144 216 S 4.718(ya).1 G 4.718(st)-4.718 G(he)-4.718 E F2(cdspell)
4.718 E F1 2.218(shell option.)4.718 F -.8(Wo)7.217 G 2.217
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F2(shell\255f)4.717 E
-(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 156 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2
-(glob\255complete\255w)108 168 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F1 .791(The w)144
-180 R .791(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F
-.792(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144
-192 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for po\
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-(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F1 .176(The w)144 216 R .176
-(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176
-(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516
-(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 228 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
-(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516
-(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e)
-144 240 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
-108 252 Q F1 .923(The list of e)144 264 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
-.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F2
-(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F1 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F
-.872(the line is redra)144 276 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
-.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
-(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
-(ex)144 288 S(pansion.).15 E F2(dump\255functions)108 300 Q F1 .627
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 312 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
-.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar)
-5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 324 Q
+(or)-.25 E(-)-.37 E(ward\255w)144 228 Q(ord)-.1 E F1(.)A F2
+(glob\255complete\255w)108 240 Q(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F1 -.35(Tr)144 252
+S 1.037(eat the w).35 F 1.037
+(ord before point as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F 1.038
+(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly ap-)-.15 F(pended, then use the \
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+tions.)144 264 Q F2(glob\255expand\255w)108 276 Q(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E
+F1 -.35(Tr)144 288 S .033(eat the w).35 F .033
+(ord before point as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .033
+(xpansion, and insert the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .083
+(names, replacing the w)144 300 R 2.583(ord. If)-.1 F 2.583(an)2.583 G
+.083(umeric ar)-2.583 F .083(gument is supplied, append a)-.18 F F2(*)
+2.584 E F1 .084(before pathname e)2.584 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 312 Q
+F2(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))108 324 Q F1 .689
+(Display the list of e)144 336 R .689(xpansions that w)-.15 F .688
+(ould ha)-.1 F .988 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .688(een generated by).15 F F2
+(glob\255expand\255w)3.188 E(ord)-.1 E F1 .688(and redis-)3.188 F
+(play the line.)144 348 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
+(gument is supplied, append a)-.18 E F2(*)2.5 E F1(before pathname e)2.5
+E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(dump\255functions)108 360 Q F1 .473
+(Print all of the functions and their k)144 372 R .773 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
+.473(indings to the).15 F F2 -.18(re)2.973 G(adline).18 E F1 .473
+(output stream.)2.973 F .473(If a numeric ar)5.473 F(gu-)-.18 E
+(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 384 Q
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E F0(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F1
-(\214le.)2.5 E F2(dump\255v)108 336 Q(ariables)-.1 E F1 .762
-(Print all of the settable readline v)144 348 R .762
-(ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 360 R .109
-(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F0(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 372 Q
-(c)-.37 E F1(\214le.)2.5 E F2(dump\255macr)108 384 Q(os)-.18 E F1 .592
-(Print all of the readline k)144 396 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
-(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G
-3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 408 Q
-.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F0(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F1
-(\214le.)144 420 Q F2(display\255shell\255v)108 432 Q
-(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F1(Display v)144 444 Q
-(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E
-F1(.)A F2(Pr)87 460.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F1 .146(When w)108
-472.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
-(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
-F0(compspec)108 484.8 Q F1 3.829(\)h)C 1.329
-(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F2(complete)3.829 E F1 -.2(bu)
-3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829
-F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F1(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the)
--.25 F(programmable completion f)108 496.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
-(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497
-(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 513.6 R .497
-(If the command w)5.497 F .498
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-(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15
-G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F2<ad44>2.798 E F1 .056
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+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F0(in-)2.609 E(putr)144 432 Q
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-(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157
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-(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346
-(the function or command is in)108 208.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346
-(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F2($1)A F1 2.847(\)i)C
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-(gument \()-.18 F F2($2)A F1 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w)
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-(compgen)2.957 E F1 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756
--.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456
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-297.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F1(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25
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-(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F2<ad43>2.58 E F1 .081
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-(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 326.4
-R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\
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-338.4 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376
-(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 355.2 R
-2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F2<ad58>2.877
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-(xpansion; a)-.15 F F2(&)3.181 E F1 .681
-(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522
-(the w)108 379.2 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G
-(iteral)-3.022 E F2(&)3.022 E F1 .523
+(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347
+(the function or command is in)108 319.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347
+(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F2($1)A F1 2.846(\)i)C
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+(gument \()-.18 F F2($2)A F1 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w)
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+(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F 1.097
+(There is no \214ltering of the)6.097 F .576(generated completions ag)
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+(ord being completed; the function or command has complete freedom)-.1 F
+(in generating the matches.)108 367.2 Q(An)108 384 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G
+.437(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F2<ad46>2.937 E F1 .437(is in)
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+(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 396 Q F2
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+-2.581 F F2<ad43>2.581 E F1 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
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+(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 448.8 Q
+(wline, if necessary)-.25 E 5(.T)-.65 G
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(may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 391.2 R
-(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849
-(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading)
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-(Only backslash \()108 177.6 R F2(\\).833 E F1 3.291(\)a).833 G .79
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-(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.29(,b)-.4 G .79(ut the history e)-3.49 F
-(xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\
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(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03
(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25
-F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 230.4 T
+F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 422.4 T
3.721(ni).25 G 3.721(fi)-3.721 G 3.722(ti)-3.721 G 3.722(su)-3.722 G
1.222(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.722 F 1.222(wline, carriage return,)
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-(nd substitutes one string for another in that line.)-3.286 F .786
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-(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E .231(If the)108 336 R F2
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-(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202
-(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)
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-(xpansion character and ending with the w)-.15 F .461(ord desig-)-.1 F
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-(ord. Unless)-.1 F .583(the reference is absolute, e)3.083 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G .583(nts are relati).15 F .883 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.083(ot).15 G
-.583(he current)-3.083 F(position in the history list.)108 513.6 Q F2(!)
-108 530.4 Q F1 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 530.4 R 1.608
-(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F1 4.107
-(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F
-(\(when the)144 542.4 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F1
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-(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 554.4 Q F0(n)A F1(Refer to command line)144
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-(Refer to the current command minus)144 566.4 Q F0(n)2.86 E F1(.).24 E
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-(string)A F1 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the curren\
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+(Refer to history list entry)144 108 Q F0(n)2.86 E F1(.).24 E F2<21ad>
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+E F1(.).24 E F2(!!)108 132 Q F1(Refer to the pre)144 132 Q(vious entry)
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+(!)108 144 Q F0(string)A F1 .865(Refer to the most recent command prece\
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+(string)144.34 156 Q F1(.).22 E F2(!?)108 168 Q F0(string)A F2([?])A F1
1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position i\
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+n the history list containing)144 180 R F0(string)144.34 192 Q F1 5.496
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(may be omitted if)2.996 F F0(string)3.336 E F1 .497(is follo)3.216 F
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-(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 662.4 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF<00>108
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-(Quick substitution.)144 686.4 R .752(Repeat the pre)5.752 F .753
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(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F0(string1)3.593 E F1(with)3.253 E F0
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-(The entire command line typed so f)144 84 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75
-(Wo)87 100.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F1 -.8(Wo)108 112.8 S 1.314
-(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e)
--.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F1 1.313
-(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F
-.41(from the w)108 124.8 R .411(ord designator)-.1 F 5.411(.I)-.55 G
-2.911(tm)-5.411 G .411(ay be omitted if the w)-2.911 F .411
-(ord designator be)-.1 F .411(gins with a)-.15 F F2<00>2.911 E F1(,)A F2
-($)2.911 E F1(,)A F2(*)2.911 E F1(,)A F2<ad>2.911 E F1 2.911(,o)C(r)
--2.911 E F2(%)2.911 E F1 5.411(.W)C(ords)-6.211 E .516
-(are numbered from the be)108 136.8 R .516
-(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516
-(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.515 G .515(rds are in-)
-.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 148.8
-Q F2 2.5(0\()108 165.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F1(The zeroth w)144 177.6
-Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E
-F0(n)108.36 189.6 Q F1(The)144 189.6 Q F0(n)2.5 E F1(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E
-F2<00>108 201.6 Q F1(The \214rst ar)144 201.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F
-(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F2($)108 213.6 Q F1 .063(The last w)144 213.6
-R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064
-(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F
-.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 225.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E
-F2(%)108 237.6 Q F1 .917(The \214rst w)144 237.6 R .916
-(ord matched by the most recent \231?)-.1 F F0(string)A F1 3.416
-(?'\232 search,)B .916(if the search string be)3.416 F .916(gins with a)
--.15 F(character that is part of a w)144 249.6 Q(ord.)-.1 E F0(x)108.77
-261.6 Q F2<ad>A F0(y)A F1 2.5(Ar)144 261.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E
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+(Wo)87 280.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F1 -.8(Wo)108 292.8 S .067
+(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F .067(ords from the e)
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+(re optional; if the w)-2.567 F .067(ord designator)-.1 F(isn')108 304.8
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+(xpansion uses the entire e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.516(nt. A).15 F F2
+(:)3.516 E F1 1.016(separates the e)3.516 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.016
+(nt speci\214cation from the).15 F -.1(wo)108 316.8 S .332
+(rd designator).1 F 5.332(.I)-.55 G 2.832(tm)-5.332 G .332
+(ay be omitted if the w)-2.832 F .332(ord designator be)-.1 F .332
+(gins with a)-.15 F F2<00>2.832 E F1(,)A F2($)2.832 E F1(,)A F2(*)2.832
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+(.W)C .331(ords are num-)-6.132 F .193(bered from the be)108 328.8 R
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+(rds are inserted into).8 F
+(the current line separated by single spaces.)108 340.8 Q F2 2.5(0\()108
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+($)108 405.6 Q F1 .064(The last w)144 405.6 R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064
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+(one w)144 417.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F2(%)108 429.6 Q F1 1.124
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+(character that is part of a w)144 441.6 R 2.986(ord. By)-.1 F(def)2.986
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+(gin at the end of each line and proceed to)-.15 F(the be)144 453.6 Q
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(ords; \231\255)-.1 E F0(y)A F1 2.5<9a61>C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates \2310\255)
--.25 E F0(y)A F1<9a2e>A F2(*)108 273.6 Q F1 .218(All of the w)144 273.6
+-.25 E F0(y)A F1<9a2e>A F2(*)108 477.6 Q F1 .218(All of the w)144 477.6
R .218(ords b)-.1 F .218(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .219(This is a synon)5.218
F .219(ym for \231)-.15 F F0(1\255$)A F1 2.719(\232. It)B .219
(is not an error to use)2.719 F F2(*)2.719 E F1 .219(if there is)2.719 F
-(just one w)144 285.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F2(x*)108 297.6 Q
-F1(Abbre)144 297.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F0(x\255$)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<78ad>108
-309.6 Q F1(Abbre)144 309.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F0(x\255$)2.5 E F1(lik)2.5 E
+(just one w)144 489.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; it e).15 E
+(xpands to the empty string in that case.)-.15 E F2(x*)108 501.6 Q F1
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(e)-.1 E F2(x*)2.5 E F1 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E 2.5(ord. If)
--.1 F F2(x)2.5 E F1(is missing, it def)2.5 E(aults to 0.)-.1 E(If a w)
-108 326.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F2(Modi\214ers)87 343.2 Q F1 .184
-(After the optional w)108 355.2 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4
-G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F
-.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a \231:\232.)108 367.2 Q
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+(If a w)108 530.4 R .368(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 F
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+(vious command is used as the e)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt,).15 E(equi)108
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+87 559.2 Q F1 .469(After the optional w)108 571.2 R .469(ord designator)
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+(xpansion may include a sequence of one or more of the follo)-.15 F
+(wing)-.25 E(modi\214ers, each preceded by a \231:\232.)108 583.2 Q
(These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E
(ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(nt.).15 E F2(h)108 384 Q F1(Remo)144 384 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
-(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F2(t)
-108 396 Q F1(Remo)144 396 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
-(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F2(r)
-108 408 Q F1(Remo)144 408 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
+(nt.).15 E F2(h)108 600 Q F1(Remo)144 600 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
+(railing pathname component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F2(t)
+108 612 Q F1(Remo)144 612 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
+(ll leading pathname components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F2(r)108
+624 Q F1(Remo)144 624 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
(\214x of the form)-.25 E F0(.xxx)2.5 E F1 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E
-(ving the basename.)-.2 E F2(e)108 420 Q F1(Remo)144 420 Q .3 -.15(ve a)
--.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F2(p)108 432 Q
-F1(Print the ne)144 432 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F2(q)108 444 Q F1
-(Quote the substituted w)144 444 Q
-(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F2(x)108 456 Q F1 .385
-(Quote the substituted w)144 456 R .385(ords as with)-.1 F F2(q)2.885 E
-F1 2.885(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.085 F .386(ords at)-.1 F F2
-(blanks)2.886 E F1 .386(and ne)2.886 F 2.886(wlines. The)-.25 F F2(q)
-2.886 E F1(and)2.886 E F2(x)2.886 E F1(modi\214ers are mutually e)144
-468 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G
-(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F2(s/)108 480 Q F0(old)A F2(/)A F0
-(ne)A(w)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(Substitute)144 492 Q F0(ne)3.329 E(w)-.15 E F1
-.469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.279 F F0(old)3.199 E F1 .469
-(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969
-(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .953
-(delimiter in place of /.)144 504 R .953
+(ving the basename.)-.2 E F2(e)108 636 Q F1(Remo)144 636 Q .3 -.15(ve a)
+-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F2(p)108 648 Q
+F1(Print the ne)144 648 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2
+E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F2(q)108 660 Q F1
+(Quote the substituted w)144 660 Q
+(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F2(x)108 672 Q F1 .386
+(Quote the substituted w)144 672 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F2(q)2.886 E
+F1 2.886(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.086 F .385(ords at)-.1 F F2
+(blanks)2.885 E F1 .385(and ne)2.885 F 2.885(wlines. The)-.25 F F2(q)
+2.885 E F1(and)2.885 E F2(x)2.885 E F1(modi\214ers are mutually e)144
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+(xpansion uses the last one supplied.)-2.65 E F2(s/)108 696 Q F0(old)A
+F2(/)A F0(ne)A(w)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(Substitute)144 708 Q F0(ne)3.328 E(w)
+-.15 E F1 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.278 F F0(old)3.199 E F1
+.469(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E
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+(delimiter in place of /.)144 720 R .294
(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)
-5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954(nt line.).15 F .131
-(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 516 R F0(old)2.861 E F1(and)3.401 E
-F0(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F1 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131
-(If & appears in)5.131 F F0(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F1 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631
-(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .619(placed by)144 528 R F0
-(old)3.349 E F1 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.)
--2.5 F(If)5.619 E F0(old)3.349 E F1 .619(is null, it is set to the last)
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-(,i)-.4 G 2.987(fn)-2.987 G 2.987(op)-2.987 G(re)-2.987 E .486
-(vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F0(string)3.326
-E F1 .486(in a)3.206 F F2(!?)2.986 E F0(string)A F2([?])A F1 2.986
-(search. If)5.486 F F0(ne)144.36 552 Q(w)-.15 E F1
-(is null, each matching)2.81 E F0(old)2.73 E F1(is deleted.)3.27 E F2(&)
-108 564 Q F1(Repeat the pre)144 564 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F2(g)
-108 576 Q F1 .267(Cause changes to be applied o)144 576 R -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.767(rt).15 G .267(he entire e)-2.767 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .267(nt line.)
-.15 F .267(This is used in conjunction with \231)5.267 F F2(:s)A F1
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-(ne)A(w)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(\232\) or \231)A F2(:&)A F1 2.5(\232. If)B
-(used with \231)2.5 E F2(:s)A F1(\232, an)A 2.5(yd)-.15 G
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+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .484(single backslash will quote the delimiter in)
+144 84 R F0(old)3.214 E F1(and)3.754 E F0(ne)3.344 E(w)-.15 E F1 5.484
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576 Q F3<ad58>A F0(\214lterpat)2.5 E F1 2.5
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480 Q F2<ad58>A F0(\214lterpat)2.5 E F1 2.5
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-(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 141.6 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
-(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
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(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.)
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-(ll readline to quote all the completed w).7 E(ords e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25
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-F 3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
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-F1 -.7(Te)224 410.4 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\
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-224 422.4 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22
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-434.4 Q F2(plusdirs)184 446.4 Q F1 1.985(After an)224 446.4 R 4.485(ym)
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-(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224
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-(action)2.5 E F1(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
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+204 Q F1 -.7(Te)224 216 S(ll).7 E F2 -.18(re)4.104 G(adline).18 E F1
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640.8 Q F2(compopt)108 657.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad6f>A F0
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520.8 Q F2(compopt)108 537.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad6f>A F0
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-(mand were \231enable \255f)144 352.8 R F0 .705(name name)3.205 F F1
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-(This command is then read)5.67 F .478(and e)144 405.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .479(alue of)-.25 F F2 -2.3 -.15
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-(Append the \231ne)180 84 R .776
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(w\232 history lines to the history \214le.)-.25 F .776
-(These are history lines entered since)5.776 F(the be)180 96 Q
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-(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 168 R(wing)-.25 E F0(ar)
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-(normal history e)180 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2<ad73>144 204 Q F1 .363
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-(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 216 Q -.15(ve)
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-F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 381.6 Q F2<ad70>
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-(Display only running jobs.)180 405.6 Q F2<ad73>144 417.6 Q F1
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-E F1 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
-(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T)
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-(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
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-E 2.5(yN)-.15 G(UL characters in the input.)-2.5 E .522(If no)144 177.6
-R F0(names)3.382 E F1 .522
-(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
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-(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
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-242.4 S(adonly).18 E F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aAf)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E
-F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 2.5(].)C 1.666
-(..)-.834 G(])-1.666 E .77(The gi)144 254.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F0
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-(alues of these)-.25 F F0(names)3.63 E F1 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 266.4 R
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-(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F2<ad41>3.277 E
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-3.636 E F1(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 302.4 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70>3.021 E F1 .521
-(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
-.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 314.4 R(The)5.295 E F2
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-(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 326.4 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-338.4 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
--3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F0(wor)
-3.218 E(d)-.37 E F1 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
--5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 350.4 R F0(names)3.12 E F1 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
--.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F2<ad66>2.76 E F1 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F0(name)144.36 362.4 Q F1
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2 -.18(re)108 379.2 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F1([)2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 391.2 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
-(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F0(n)2.88 E F1 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
-(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F0(n)2.88 E F1 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 403.2 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
-F2 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 415.2 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)108 84 S(adonly).18 E
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+.77(The gi)144 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F0(names)3.27 E F1 .77
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+(quent assignment or unset.)144 108 R .446(If the)5.446 F F2<ad66>2.946
+E F1 .446(option is supplied, each)2.946 F F0(name)2.946 E F1 .446
+(refers to a shell function.)2.946 F(The)5.445 E F2<ad61>144 120 Q F1
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+(xe)-.15 G 2.883(da).15 G .383(rrays; the)-2.883 F F2<ad41>2.883 E F1
+.383(option restricts the v)2.883 F .383(ariables to associa-)-.25 F(ti)
+144 132 Q 1.558 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.758(rrays. If).15 F 1.258
+(both options are supplied,)3.758 F F2<ad41>3.758 E F1(tak)3.758 E 1.258
+(es precedence.)-.1 F 1.258(If no)6.258 F F0(name)4.118 E F1(ar)3.938 E
+1.258(guments are sup-)-.18 F .411(plied, or if the)144 144 R F2<ad70>
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+(used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly names.)
+144 156 R(The)5.326 E F2<ad70>2.826 E F1 .326(option displays output)
+2.826 F(in a format that may be reused as input.)144 168 Q F2 -.18(re)
+144 184.8 S(adonly).18 E F1(allo)2.652 E .152(ws the v)-.25 F .153
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+(ariable to be set at the same time the readonly attrib)-.25 F .153
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+(va)144 237.6 S(riable name, or).25 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F1
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+E F2 -.18(re)108 254.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1([)2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A
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+E F1 .589(is e)3.089 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .589(cuted by a trap).15 F
+(handler)144 290.4 Q 3.47(,t)-.4 G .969
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--2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 427.2 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F1 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F2(DEB)2.52
-E(UG)-.1 E F1 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 439.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F2 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F1 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke)
-.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F2 -.18(re)144 451.2 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1 .627
-(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F2(.)3.128 E F1(\()5.628 E
-F2(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F1 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 463.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
-(cuting that script and return either).15 F F0(n)3.448 E F1 .588
-(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
-144 475.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
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-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 487.2 R .444
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-(set)108 540 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F1 2.5(][)C F2
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-(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 180 Q
-.998(If a compound command or shell function e)184 196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15
-G .999(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F F2<ad65>3.499 E F1
-.999(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 208.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body)
-.15 F .502(will be af)184 220.8 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F2<ad65>
-3.002 E F1 .502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)
--3.002 E F2<ad65>3.002 E F1 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002
-F .503(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 232.8 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G
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-1.683(while e)4.183 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)
--.15 E(where)184 244.8 Q F2<ad65>3.153 E F1 .653
-(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954
--.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F
-(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 256.8 Q F2
-<ad66>144 268.8 Q F1(Disable pathname e)184 268.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2
-<ad68>144 280.8 Q F1 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184
-280.8 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F
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-(All ar)184 304.8 R .514
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E(and may cause subshells to e)184 84 Q(xit before e)
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(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18
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-(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 316.8 Q F2
-<ad6d>144 328.8 Q F1 .149(Monitor mode.)184 328.8 R .149
-(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F
-.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65
-(on systems that support it \(see)184 340.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F
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-F1 .652(Read commands b)184 376.8 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .652(cute them.).15 F .653
-(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.652 F(syntax errors.)184
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-E F2<ad6f>144 400.8 Q F0(option\255name)2.5 E F1(The)184 412.8 Q F0
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+(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 220.8 Q F2
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+(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F
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-(allexport)184
424.8 Q F1(Same as)224 436.8 Q F2<ad61>2.5 E F1(.)A F2
-(braceexpand)184
448.8 Q F1(Same as)224 460.8 Q F2<ad42>2.5 E F1(.)A F2
-(emacs)184 472.8 Q F1 .089
-(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 472.8 R 2.589
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328.8 Q F1(Same as)224 340.8 Q F2<ad61>2.5 E F1(.)A F2
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352.8 Q F1(Same as)224 364.8 Q F2<ad42>2.5 E F1(.)A F2
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-520.8 Q F2<ad45>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(functrace)184 532.8 Q F1(Same as)224
-544.8 Q F2<ad54>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(hashall)184 556.8 Q F1(Same as)224 556.8
-Q F2<ad68>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(histexpand)184 568.8 Q F1(Same as)224 580.8 Q
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-(Enable command history)224 592.8 R 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G
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-676.8 Q F1(Same as)224 676.8 Q F2<ad6d>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(noclob)184 688.8
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+616.8 Q F1(Same as)224 616.8 Q F2<ad6e>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(noglob)184 628.8
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-(notify)184 120 Q F1(Same as)224 120 Q F2<ad62>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(nounset)
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-F1(Same as)224 264 Q F2<ad70>2.5 E F1(.)A F2 -.1(ve)184 276 S(rbose).1 E
-F1(Same as)224 276 Q F2<ad76>2.5 E F1(.)A F2(vi)184 288 Q F1 .209
-(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 288 R 2.709(ace. This)
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-(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .
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-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 432 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
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-F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 444 Q F2<ad72>144 456 Q F1
-(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 456 Q
-(This option cannot be unset once it has been set.)5 E F2<ad74>144 468 Q
-F1(Exit after reading and e)184 468 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting one command.).15 E F2<ad75>144 480 Q F1 -.35(Tr)184 480 S .662
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579(If the)5.579 F F2<ad70>
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+312 Q 1.21 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .91(ser id is not reset.).15 F -.45(Tu)5.91
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+Q F1(Enable restricted shell mode.)184 336 Q
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(eat unset v).35 F .662(ariables and parameters other than the special \
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-(ariable or parameter)-.25 F 2.891(,t)-.4 G .391(he shell prints an)
--2.891 F(error message, and, if not interacti)184 516 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.5(,e).15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F2<ad76>144 528 Q F1
-(Print shell input lines as the)184 528 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
-F2<ad78>144 540 Q F1 .315(After e)184 540 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F0
+ performing parameter e)-.25 F(x-)-.15 E 2.891(pansion. If)184 384 R
+-.15(ex)2.891 G .391(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F .391
+(ariable or parameter)-.25 F 2.89(,t)-.4 G .39(he shell prints an)-2.89
+F(error message, and, if not interacti)184 396 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e)
+.15 G(xits with a non-zero status.)-2.65 E F2<ad76>144 408 Q F1
+(Print shell input lines as the)184 408 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
+F2<ad78>144 420 Q F1 .315(After e)184 420 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F0
.315(simple command)2.815 F F1(,)A F2 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F1
(command,)2.815 E F2(case)2.815 E F1(command,)2.815 E F2(select)2.815 E
-F1(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 552 R F2 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r)
+F1(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 432 R F2 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r)
.25 E F1 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F
1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F1(follo)3.486 E 1.236
-(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 564 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E
-(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list, to standard error)-.1 E(.)-.55
-E F2<ad42>144 576 Q F1 1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 576 R 1.206
-(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F2 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F1(abo)3.705 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa)
-184 588 S(ult.).1 E F2<ad43>144 600 Q F1 .213(If set,)184 600 R F2(bash)
-2.713 E F1 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F
-.214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F2(>)2.714 E F1(,)A F2(>&)2.714 E F1
-2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F2(<>)2.714 E F1 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F
-3.054(tors. This)184 612 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
-(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 624 Q F2(>|)2.5 E F1(instead of)2.5 E F2(>)2.5 E F1(.)A F2
-<ad45>144 636 Q F1 .103(If set, an)184 636 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103
-(rap on)-2.603 F F2(ERR)2.603 E F1 .104
-(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
-F .839(mands e)184 648 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
-F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F2(ERR)3.338 E F1 .838
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 660 Q F2
-<ad48>144 672 Q F1(Enable)184 672 Q F2(!)3.031 E F1 .531
-(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 684 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2<ad50>144 696 Q F1 .96
-(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 696 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
-(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959
-(cuting commands such as).15 F F2(cd)3.459 E F1 1.452
-(that change the current w)184 708 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452
-(.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453
-(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 5.506(stead. By)184 720 R(def)
-5.506 E(ault,)-.1 E F2(bash)5.506 E F1(follo)5.506 E 3.005
-(ws the logical chain of directories when performing)-.25 F
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+3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.706(\). This).15 F 1.206(is on by de-)3.706 F
+-.1(fa)184 468 S(ult.).1 E F2<ad43>144 480 Q F1 .214(If set,)184 480 R
+F2(bash)2.714 E F1 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214
+(rwrite an e).15 F .214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F2(>)2.714 E F1
+(,)A F2(>&)2.714 E F1 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F2(<>)2.713 E F1 .213
+(redirection opera-)2.713 F 3.148(tors. Using)184 492 R .648
+(the redirection operator)3.148 F F2(>|)3.148 E F1 .648(instead of)3.148
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+(rride this and force the cre-).15 F(ation of an output \214le.)184 504
+Q F2<ad45>144 516 Q F1 .104(If set, an)184 516 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
+(rap on)-2.604 F F2(ERR)2.604 E F1 .103
+(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
+F .838(mands e)184 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F2(ERR)3.338 E F1 .839
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 540 Q F2
+<ad48>144 552 Q F1(Enable)184 552 Q F2(!)3.032 E F1 .532
+(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 564 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2<ad50>144 576 Q F1 .959
+(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 576 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
+(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
+(cuting commands such as).15 F F2(cd)3.46 E F1 1.453
+(that change the current w)184 588 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453
+(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452
+(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 600 R(def)
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+(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
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+(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
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+(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F2(DEB)4.432 E
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+(his option, unset the positional parameters.)-3.409 F .909
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+(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
+(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F2<ad>2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad>144
+684 Q F1 1.367(Signal the end of options, and assign all remaining)184
+684 R F0(ar)3.868 E(g)-.37 E F1 3.868(st)C 3.868(ot)-3.868 G 1.368
+(he positional parameters.)-3.868 F(The)184 696 Q F2<ad78>2.849 E F1
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+(s, the positional parameters re-)B(main unchanged.)184 708 Q .425
+(The options are of)144 724.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)
+-2.925 E .425(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72
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-Q(.)-.65 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad54>144 96 Q F1 .89(If set, an)184 96
-R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F2(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F1(and)3.39
-E F2(RETURN)3.39 E F1 .89(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39
-F 1.932(substitutions, and commands e)184 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
-(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F2(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F1(and)4.432 E F2(RETURN)184 120 Q F1
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F2<adad>144 132 Q
-F1 .4(If no ar)184 132 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
-(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 144 Q
-F0(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
-(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F2<ad>2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad>144
-156 Q F1 .279(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 156 R
-F0(ar)2.779 E(g)-.37 E F1 2.779(st)C 2.779(ob)-2.779 G 2.778(ea)-2.779 G
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-R F2<ad78>3.021 E F1(and)3.022 E F2<ad76>3.022 E F1 .522
-(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no)
-3.022 F F0(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F1 .522(s, the positional para-)B
-(meters remain unchanged.)184 180 Q .425(The options are of)144 196.8 R
-2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
-(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 208.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
-(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 220.8 R F2<24ad>2.566 E F1
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-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 232.8 Q F2(shift)108 249.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F0(n)A F1
-(])A 1.669(The positional parameters from)144 261.6 R F0(n)4.169 E F1
-1.67(+1 .)B -1.662 1.666(.. a)1.666 H 1.67(re renamed to)-1.666 F F2
-1.67($1 .)4.17 F 1.666(..)1.666 G(.)-1.666 E F1 -.15(Pa)6.67 G 1.67
-(rameters represented by the).15 F(numbers)144 273.6 Q F2($#)2.702 E F1
-(do)2.702 E .202(wn to)-.25 F F2($#)2.702 E F1<ad>A F0(n)A F1 .202
-(+1 are unset.)B F0(n)5.562 E F1 .202(must be a non-ne)2.942 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .502 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .201(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F2($#)2.701 E F1(.)A(If)144 285.6 Q F0(n)3.461 E F1 .601
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)3.341 F(If)5.602 E F0(n)3.462 E F1
-.602(is not gi)3.342 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .602(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15
-F(If)5.602 E F0(n)3.462 E F1 .602(is greater than)3.342 F F2($#)144
-297.6 Q F1 2.791(,t)C .291(he positional parameters are not changed.)
--2.791 F .29(The return status is greater than zero if)5.291 F F0(n)3.15
-E F1 .29(is greater)3.03 F(than)144 309.6 Q F2($#)2.5 E F1
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)2.5 E F2(shopt)108 326.4 Q F1([)2.5 E
-F2(\255pqsu)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(optname)-2.5 E
-F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.8(To)144 338.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E .178(to be turned of)144 84 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F
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+(guments to an in)-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F
+(The)5.177 E .653(current set of options may be found in)144 96 R/F2 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<24ad>3.153 E F1 5.653(.T)C .653(he return status is al)
+-5.653 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .654(ys zero unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .654
+(lid op-).25 F(tion is encountered.)144 108 Q F2(shift)108 124.8 Q F1([)
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+(rameters represented by the numbers).15 F F2($#)3.096 E F1(do)144 148.8
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+E F1 5.078(.I)C(f)-5.078 E F0(n)2.938 E F1 .079(is 0, no)2.818 F .503
+(parameters are changed.)144 160.8 R(If)5.503 E F0(n)3.363 E F1 .503
+(is not gi)3.243 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
+(If)5.502 E F0(n)3.362 E F1 .502(is greater than)3.242 F F2($#)3.002 E
+F1 3.002(,t)C .502(he posi-)-3.002 F .46
+(tional parameters are not changed.)144 172.8 R .46
+(The return status is greater than zero if)5.46 F F0(n)3.32 E F1 .46
+(is greater than)3.2 F F2($#)2.96 E F1(or)2.96 E
+(less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 184.8 Q F2(shopt)108 201.6 Q F1([)2.5
+E F2(\255pqsu)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(optname)-2.5 E
+F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.8(To)144 213.6 S .64(ggle the v).8 F
.639(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
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-(listed belo)144 350.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
-2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F2<ad6f>2.875 E F1 .375
+5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374
+(listed belo)144 225.6 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
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(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
-F F2<ad6f>2.875 E F1 .374(option to the)2.875 F F2(set)2.874 E F1 -.2
-(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 362.4 R .065
-(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F2<ad70>2.566 E F1 .066
-(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566
-F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 374.4 R F0
-(optnames)2.574 E F1 .074
-(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105
-(tions. The)144 386.4 R F2<ad70>3.105 E F1 .605(option causes output to\
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-E(options ha)144 398.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad73>144 410.4 Q F1(Enable \(set\) each)180
-410.4 Q F0(optname)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad75>144 422.4 Q F1
-(Disable \(unset\) each)180 422.4 Q F0(optname)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad71>144
-434.4 Q F1 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
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-.255(set or unset.)180 446.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F0(optname)2.755
-E F1(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
-(ith)-2.756 E F2<ad71>2.756 E F1 2.756(,t)C .256
-(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 458.4 Q F0(optnames)2.5 E
-F1(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F2<ad6f>144 470.4 Q F1
-(Restricts the v)180 470.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F0(optname)2.5 E F1
-(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F2<ad6f>2.5 E F1(option to the)2.5
-E F2(set)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 487.2 R F2
-<ad73>3.125 E F1(or)3.124 E F2<ad75>3.124 E F1 .624(is used with no)
+F F2<ad6f>2.875 E F1 .375(option to the)2.875 F F2(set)2.875 E F1 -.2
+(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F(mand.)144 237.6 Q -.4(Wi)144 254.4 S
+.548(th no options, or with the).4 F F2<ad70>3.048 E F1 .548
+(option, display a list of all settable options, with an indication of)
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+(optnames)3.175 E F1 .675
+(are supplied, the output is restricted to those options.)3.175 F(The)
+144 278.4 Q F2<ad70>2.5 E F1
+(option displays output in a form that may be reused as input.)2.5 E
+(Other options ha)144 295.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad73>144 307.2 Q F1(Enable \(set\) each)180
+307.2 Q F0(optname)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad75>144 319.2 Q F1
+(Disable \(unset\) each)180 319.2 Q F0(optname)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad71>144
+331.2 Q F1 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
+tus indicates whether the)180 331.2 R F0(optname)2.503 E F1(is)2.503 E
+.042(set or unset.)180 343.2 R .042(If multiple)5.042 F F0(optname)2.542
+E F1(ar)2.542 E .042(guments are supplied with)-.18 F F2<ad71>2.542 E F1
+2.542(,t)C .042(he return status is zero)-2.542 F(if all)180 355.2 Q F0
+(optnames)2.5 E F1(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F2<ad6f>144
+367.2 Q F1(Restricts the v)180 367.2 Q(alues of)-.25 E F0(optname)2.5 E
+F1(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F2<ad6f>2.5 E F1(option to the)
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+F2<ad73>3.125 E F1(or)3.124 E F2<ad75>3.124 E F1 .624(is used with no)
3.124 F F0(optname)3.124 E F1(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F2(shopt)3.124
E F1(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983
-(set or unset, respecti)144 499.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)
--.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F2(shopt)3.484 E F1 .984
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 511.2 S(ult.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 528
+(set or unset, respecti)144 396 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)-.65
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+(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 408 S(ult.).1
+E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 424.8
R F0(optnames)4.044 E F1 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F
.696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 540 R F0(optname)3.196 E F1 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
--.25 F(option.)144 552 Q(The list of)144 568.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F1
-(options is:)2.5 E F2(array_expand_once)144 585.6 Q F1 1.832
-(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 597.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G
+144 436.8 R F0(optname)3.196 E F1 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696
+(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 448.8 Q(The list of)144 465.6 Q F2(shopt)
+2.5 E F1(options is:)2.5 E F2(array_expand_once)144 482.4 Q F1 1.832
+(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 494.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G
1.832(luation of associati).25 F 2.131 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.831(nd inde)
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-(All current limits are reported; no limits are set)180 216 Q F2<ad62>
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--.25 E F2<ad63>144 240 Q F1(The maximum size of core \214les created)180
-240 Q F2<ad64>144 252 Q F1(The maximum size of a process')180 252 Q 2.5
-(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 264 Q F1
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-276 Q F1
-(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-276 Q F2<ad69>144 288 Q F1(The maximum number of pending signals)180 288
-Q F2<ad6b>144 300 Q F1
-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 300 Q F2<ad6c>
-144 312 Q F1(The maximum size that may be lock)180 312 Q(ed into memory)
--.1 E F2<ad6d>144 324 Q F1(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 324 Q
-2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 336 Q
-F1 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\
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-(be set\))180 348 Q F2<ad70>144 360 Q F1
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 360 Q F2
-<ad71>144 372 Q F1(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
-180 372 Q F2<ad72>144 384 Q F1
-(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 384 Q F2<ad73>144 396 Q
-F1(The maximum stack size)180 396 Q F2<ad74>144 408 Q F1
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 408 Q F2<ad75>144 420 Q
-F1(The maximum number of processes a)180 420 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
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-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 432 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
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-Q F2<ad78>144 456 Q F1(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 456 Q F2
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-<ad52>144 480 Q F1(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \
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-(The maximum number of threads)180 492 Q(If)144 508.8 Q F0(limit)3.058 E
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-E F1 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F0(limit)2.968 E F1 .468
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-F2<ad70>3.17 E F1 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)
--3.17 F F2<ad50>3.17 E F1(,)A F2<ad54>3.17 E F1(,)A F2<ad62>3.17 E F1(,)
-A F2<ad6b>144 544.8 Q F1(,)A F2<ad6e>3.736 E F1 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
-F2<ad75>3.736 E F1 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
-(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F2<ad63>3.736 E F1(and)3.736 E
-F2<ad66>3.736 E F1 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239
-(512-byte increments.)144 556.8 R .238
-(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
-(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F
-(error occurs while setting a ne)144 568.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
-F2(umask)108 585.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad70>A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F1
-2.5(][)C F0(mode)-2.5 E F1(])A .18
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 597.6 R F0(mode)3.06 E F1
-5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F0(mode)3.06 E F1(be)2.86 E .18
+.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6e>144 84 Q F1 .791(The ma\
+ximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)180
+84 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F(be set\).)
+180 96 Q F2<ad70>144 108 Q F1
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\).)180 108 Q F2
+<ad71>144 120 Q F1(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues.)
+180 120 Q F2<ad72>144 132 Q F1
+(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 132 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad73>
+144 144 Q F1(The maximum stack size.)180 144 Q F2<ad74>144 156 Q F1
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds.)180 156 Q F2<ad75>144 168 Q
+F1(The maximum number of processes a)180 168 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad76>144 180 Q F1 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 180 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children.)180
+192 Q F2<ad78>144 204 Q F1(The maximum number of \214le locks.)180 204 Q
+F2<ad50>144 216 Q F1(The maximum number of pseudoterminals.)180 216 Q F2
+<ad52>144 228 Q F1(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \
+blocking, in microseconds.)180 228 Q F2<ad54>144 240 Q F1
+(The maximum number of threads.)180 240 Q(If)144 256.8 Q F0(limit)3.061
+E F1 .471(is supplied, and the)3.651 F F2<ad61>2.971 E F1 .471
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+Q F2<ad70>3.286 E F1 3.286(,w)C .786
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-3.286 F F2<ad50>3.287 E F1(,)A F2
+<ad54>3.287 E F1(,)A F2<ad62>3.287 E F1(,)A F2<ad6b>3.287 E F1(,)A F2
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+(lues; and, when in posix mode,).25 F F2<ad63>2.998 E F1(and)2.998 E F2
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+F .498(The return status)5.498 F(is 0 unless an in)144 321.6 Q -.25(va)
+-.4 G(lid option or ar).25 E
+(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a ne)-.18 E 2.5
+(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F2(umask)108 338.4 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad70>A F1 2.5
+(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0(mode)-2.5 E F1(])A .791
+(Set the user \214le-creation mask to)144 350.4 R F0(mode)3.671 E F1
+5.792(.I).18 G(f)-5.792 E F0(mode)3.672 E F1(be)3.472 E .792
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 609.6 R F0 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F1(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-621.6 Q F0(mode)3.262 E F1 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
-(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F2<ad53>2.882 E F1 .382
-(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 633.6 R .547
-(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
-(he)-3.047 E F2<ad70>3.047 E F1 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F0
-(mode)144.38 645.6 Q F1 .551
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 657.6 Q
-(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F0(mode)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E
-(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2
-(unalias)108 674.4 Q F1<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1
-1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E(Remo)144 686.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach)
-.15 E F0(name)3.258 E F1 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258
-F(If)5.758 E F2<ad61>3.258 E F1 .757
-(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)3.258 F(mo)144 698.4 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+pted by)144 362.4 R F0 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F1(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+374.4 Q F0(mode)3.031 E F1 .151(is omitted,)2.831 F F2(umask)2.651 E F1
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+F1(ar)2.652 E(-)-.2 E .394
+(gument prints the mask in a symbolic format; the def)144 386.4 R .394
+(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.394(.I)-.55 G 2.894(ft)-5.394 G
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+F .329(The re-)5.329 F .151(turn status is zero if the mode w)144 410.4
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+E .15(gument w)-.18 F .15(as supplied, and)-.1 F(non-zero otherwise.)144
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+-2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E(Remo)144 451.2 Q .706 -.15(ve e)
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+(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)2.906 F(If)5.406 E F2<ad61>2.906 E
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+(ll alias de\214nitions.).15 F(The return v)144 463.2 Q
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+(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.15(Fo)144 492 S 3.804(re).15 G(ach)-3.804 E F0
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+-.15 G 2.566(d. If).15 F(the)2.566 E F2<ad6e>2.565 E F1 .065
+(option is supplied, and)2.565 F F0(name)2.565 E F1 .065(is a)2.565 F
+-.25(va)144 528 S .874(riable with the).25 F F0(namer)3.374 E(ef)-.37 E
+F1(attrib)3.374 E(ute,)-.2 E F0(name)3.374 E F1 .875
+(will be unset rather than the v)3.375 F .875(ariable it references.)
+-.25 F F2<ad6e>5.875 E F1 1.217(has no ef)144 540 R 1.217(fect if the)
+-.25 F F2<ad66>3.716 E F1 1.216(option is supplied.)3.716 F 1.216
+(Read-only v)6.216 F 1.216(ariables and functions may not be unset.)-.25
+F .713(When v)144 552 R .713(ariables or functions are remo)-.25 F -.15
+(ve)-.15 G .713(d, the).15 F 3.214(ya)-.15 G .714(re also remo)-3.214 F
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(df).15 G .714(rom the en)-3.214 F .714
+(vironment passed to)-.4 F 1.004(subsequent commands.)144 564 R 1.003
+(If no options are supplied, each)6.004 F F0(name)3.503 E F1 1.003
+(refers to a v)3.503 F 1.003(ariable; if there is no)-.25 F -.25(va)144
+576 S .176(riable by that name, a function with that name, if an).25 F
+1.477 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 2.677(su).65 G 2.677(nset. Some)-2.677 F .177
+(shell v)2.677 F .177(ariables may not be)-.25 F 2.805(unset. If)144 588
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+(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)2.554 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27
+(BA)2.554 G(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)2.554 G(SH_SUB-).27 E
+(SHELL)144 600 Q F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)2.79 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)
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+(,)A F3(FUNCN)144 612 Q(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.368 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4
+(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.368 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)4.368 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)4.368
+E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.368 E F4(,)A F1(or)4.368 E F3(SRANDOM)4.618 E F1
+2.117(are unset,)4.368 F(the)144 624 Q 2.741(yl)-.15 G .241
+(ose their special properties, e)-2.741 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.741(ni).15 G
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+(re subsequently reset.)-2.741 F .241(The e)5.241 F .242
+(xit status is true unless)-.15 F(a)144 636 Q F0(name)2.86 E F1
+(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F2(wait)108 652.8 Q F1([)2.5 E
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+(id)-2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.8(Wa)144 664.8 S 1.009
+(it for each speci\214ed child process).8 F F0(id)3.508 E F1 1.008
+(and return the termination status of the last)3.508 F F0(id)3.508 E F1
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+(wait)3 E F1 -.1(wa)3 G .5(its for all).1 F(processes in the job)144
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+(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH).25 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
138.32(\(1\) General).95 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E F0 -.25(BA)140.82 G(SH)
-.25 E F1(\(1\)).95 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)108 84 Q F1<5bad>2.5 E
-F2(fv)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1 1.666
-(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.15(Fo)144 96 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F0
-(name)4.163 E F1 3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H
-1.303(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
-(If the)6.303 F F2<ad76>3.804 E F1 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F0(name)144.36 108 Q F1 .465
-(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
-(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 120 R F2
-<ad66>2.768 E F1 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F0(name)3.129 E F1
-.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)
-2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 132 R F2<ad6e>2.904 E F1
-.404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F0(name)2.904 E F1 .404(is a v)
-2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F0(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F1
-(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F0(name)2.904 E F1 .403(will be unset)2.904 F
-.719(rather than the v)144 144 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F2
-<ad6e>5.719 E F1 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F2<ad66>
-3.22 E F1 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737
-(are supplied, each)144 156 R F0(name)3.237 E F1 .737(refers to a v)
-3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736
-(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144
-168 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
-1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172
-(passed to subsequent commands.)144 180 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672(yo)
--.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES).27 E
-/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A F3
--.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 192 S(SH_COMMAND).27
-E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482
-G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F4(,)A F3
-(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)144 204 Q
-(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)2.67 E(AME)
--.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67 E F4(,)A
-F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144 216 Q F4
-(,)A F1(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F1 1.779(are unset, the)4.029 F
-4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G 1.78
-(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 228 Q(The e)5 E
-(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F0(name)2.86 E F1
-(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F2(wait)108 244.8 Q F1([)2.5 E
-F2(\255fn)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0(varname)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0
-(id)-2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.8(Wa)144 256.8 S .659(it for\
- each speci\214ed child process and return its termination status.).8 F
-(Each)5.659 E F0(id)3.169 E F1 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008
-(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 268.8 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009
-(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E
-F0(id)144.01 280.8 Q F1 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E
-F2(wait)2.942 E F1 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441
-(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597
-(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 292.8 R F2($!)3.098 E F1
-3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598
-F F2<ad6e>3.098 E F1 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F2(wait)144 304.8
-Q F1 -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F0
-(id)3.083 E F1 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083
-E F0(id)3.083 E F1 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)
--.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 316.8 R
-.403(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
-(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573
-(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 328.8 R .573
-(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572
-(If the)5.573 F F2<ad70>3.072 E F1 .572(option is)3.072 F .39
-(supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)
-144 340.8 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
-144 352.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F0(varname)3.405 E F1 .905
-(named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G
-.905(riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.405(,b)-.65 G(efore)-3.405 E
-(an)144 364.8 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
-(is useful only when the)3.89 F F2<ad6e>3.89 E F1 1.39
-(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F2<ad66>3.89 E F1
-(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 376.8 R F2
-(wait)3.075 E F1 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F0(id)3.075 E F1
-.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635
-(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 388.8 R(If)5.635 E F0
-(id)3.145 E F1 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635
-(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .802(status is 127.)144 400.8
-R(If)5.801 E F2(wait)3.301 E F1 .801(is interrupted by a signal, the re\
-turn status will be greater than 128, as de-)3.301 F .019(scribed under)
-144 412.8 R F2(SIGN)2.519 E(ALS)-.2 E F1(abo)2.519 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-5.019(.O).15 G .019(therwise, the return status is the e)-5.019 F .02
-(xit status of the last process or)-.15 F(job w)144 424.8 Q(aited for)
--.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 441.6 Q -1.04(AT)
--.81 G(IBILITY MODE)1.04 E F1 1.355
-(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 453.6 R F0 1.355
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%%EOF
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.3, 14 October 2024).
+the Bash shell (version 5.3, 15 October 2024).
-This is Edition 5.3, last updated 14 October 2024,
+This is Edition 5.3, last updated 15 October 2024,
of The GNU Bash Reference Manual,
for Bash, Version 5.3.
<h1 class="top" id="Bash-Features-1"><span>Bash Features<a class="copiable-link" href="#Bash-Features-1"> ¶</a></span></h1>
<p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.3, 14 October 2024).
+the Bash shell (version 5.3, 15 October 2024).
The Bash home page is <a class="url" href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>.
</p>
-<p>This is Edition 5.3, last updated 14 October 2024,
+<p>This is Edition 5.3, last updated 15 October 2024,
of <cite class="cite">The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>,
for <code class="code">Bash</code>, Version 5.3.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-internationalized-scripts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-string-translations"></a>
<p>Once you’ve marked the strings in your script
-that you want to translate using $"...",
+that you want to translate using $"…",
you create a gettext "template" file using the command
</p>
<div class="example">
Bash uses the value formed by expanding the rest of
<var class="var">parameter</var> as the new <var class="var">parameter</var>;
this new parameter is then
-expanded and that value is used in the rest of the expansion, rather
+expanded and that value is used
+in the rest of the expansion, rather
than the expansion of the original <var class="var">parameter</var>.
This is known as <code class="code">indirect expansion</code>.
The value is subject to tilde expansion,
<p>When a pattern is used for filename expansion, the character ‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’
at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash
must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option <code class="code">dotglob</code> is set.
-In order to match the filenames ‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">..</samp>’,
+In order to match the filenames <samp class="file">.</samp> and <samp class="file">..</samp>,
the pattern must begin with ‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’ (for example, ‘<samp class="samp">.?</samp>’),
even if <code class="code">dotglob</code> is set.
If the <code class="code">globskipdots</code> shell option is enabled, the filenames
-‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">..</samp>’ never match, even if the pattern begins
+<samp class="file">.</samp> and <samp class="file">..</samp> never match, even if the pattern begins
with a ‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’.
When not matching filenames, the ‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’ character is not treated specially.
</p>
the set of filenames that are tested:
when <code class="code">dotglob</code> is enabled, the set of filenames includes all files
beginning with ‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’, but the filenames
-‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">..</samp>’ must be matched by a
+<samp class="file">.</samp> and <samp class="file">..</samp> must be matched by a
pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot;
when it is disabled, the set does not
-include any filenames beginning with “.” unless the pattern
+include any filenames beginning with ‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’ unless the pattern
or sub-pattern begins with a ‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’.
If the <code class="code">globskipdots</code>
shell option is enabled, the filenames
-‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">..</samp>’
+<samp class="file">.</samp> and <samp class="file">..</samp>
never appear in the set.
As above, ‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’ only has a special meaning when matching filenames.
</p>
is ‘<samp class="samp">></samp>’, the redirection refers to the standard output (file
descriptor 1).
</p>
-<p>The \fIword\fP following the redirection operator in the following
+<p>The <var class="var">word</var> following the redirection operator in the following
descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to
brace expansion,
tilde expansion,
</dd>
<dt><a id="index-cd"></a><span><code class="code">cd</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-cd"> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><div class="example">
-<pre class="example-preformatted">cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [-@] [<var class="var">directory</var>]
+<pre class="example-preformatted">cd [-L] [-@] [<var class="var">directory</var>]
+cd -P [-e] [-@] [<var class="var">directory</var>]
</pre></div>
<p>Change the current working directory to <var class="var">directory</var>.
If <var class="var">directory</var> is not supplied, the value of the <code class="env">HOME</code>
shell variable is used as <var class="var">directory</var>.
If the shell variable
-<code class="env">CDPATH</code> exists, <code class="code">cd</code> uses it as a search path:
+<code class="env">CDPATH</code> exists,
+and <var class="var">directory</var> does not begin with a slash,
+<code class="code">cd</code> uses it as a search path:
<code class="code">cd</code> searches each directory name in <code class="env">CDPATH</code> for
<var class="var">directory</var>, with alternative directory names in <code class="env">CDPATH</code>
separated by a colon (‘<samp class="samp">:</samp>’).
A null directory name in <code class="env">CDPATH</code> means the same thing as the
current directory.
-If <var class="var">directory</var> begins with a slash, <code class="env">CDPATH</code> is not used.
</p>
-<p>The <samp class="option">-P</samp> option means to not follow symbolic links: symbolic links
+<p>The <samp class="option">-P</samp> option means not to follow symbolic links: symbolic links
are resolved while <code class="code">cd</code> is traversing <var class="var">directory</var> and before
-processing an instance of ‘<samp class="samp">..</samp>’ in <var class="var">directory</var>.
+processing an instance of <samp class="file">..</samp> in <var class="var">directory</var>.
</p>
<p>By default, or when the <samp class="option">-L</samp> option is supplied, symbolic links
in <var class="var">directory</var> are resolved after <code class="code">cd</code> processes an instance
-of ‘<samp class="samp">..</samp>’ in <var class="var">directory</var>.
+of <samp class="file">..</samp> in <var class="var">directory</var>.
</p>
-<p>If ‘<samp class="samp">..</samp>’ appears in <var class="var">directory</var>, it is processed by removing the
+<p>If <samp class="file">..</samp> appears in <var class="var">directory</var>, <code class="code">cd</code> processes it by removing the
immediately preceding pathname component, back to a slash or the beginning
-of <var class="var">directory</var>.
+of <var class="var">directory</var>,
+and verifying that the portion of <var class="var">directory</var>
+it has processed to
+that point is still a valid directory name after removing the pathname
+component.
+If it is not a valid directory name, <code class="code">cd</code> returns a non-zero status.
</p>
<p>If the <samp class="option">-e</samp> option is supplied with <samp class="option">-P</samp>
-and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
-after a successful directory change, <code class="code">cd</code> will return a non-zero
-status.
+and <code class="code">cd</code> cannot successfully determine the current working directory
+after a successful directory change, it will return a non-zero status.
</p>
<p>On systems that support it, the <samp class="option">-@</samp> option presents the extended
attributes associated with a file as a directory.
<dt><code class="code">dotglob</code></dt>
<dd><p>If set, Bash includes filenames beginning with a ‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’ in
the results of filename expansion.
-The filenames ‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">..</samp>’ must always be matched explicitly,
+The filenames <samp class="file">.</samp> and <samp class="file">..</samp> must always be matched explicitly,
even if <code class="code">dotglob</code> is set.
</p>
</dd>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">globskipdots</code></dt>
<dd><p>If set, filename expansion will never match the filenames
-‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">..</samp>’, even if the pattern begins with a ‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’.
+<samp class="file">.</samp> and <samp class="file">..</samp>, even if the pattern begins with a ‘<samp class="samp">.</samp>’.
This option is enabled by default.
</p>
</dd>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">noexpand_translation</code></dt>
<dd><p>If set, Bash
-encloses the translated results of $"..." quoting in single quotes
+encloses the translated results of $"…" quoting in single quotes
instead of double quotes.
If the string is not translated, this has no effect.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a id="index-EPOCHREALTIME"></a><span><code class="code">EPOCHREALTIME</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-EPOCHREALTIME"> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of seconds
-since the Unix Epoch as a floating point value with micro-second granularity
+since the Unix Epoch as a floating-point value with micro-second granularity
(see the documentation for the C library function <code class="code">time</code> for the
definition of Epoch).
Assignments to <code class="env">EPOCHREALTIME</code> are ignored.
The value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort order for
the results of filename expansion.
If this variable is unset or set to the null string, filename expansion
-uses the historical behavior of sorting by name.
-If set, a valid value begins with an optional ‘<samp class="samp">+</samp>’, which is ignored,
+uses the historical behavior of sorting by name,
+in ascending lexicographic order as determined by the
+<code class="code">LC_COLLATE</code> shell variable.
+</p>
+<p>If set, a valid value begins with an optional ‘<samp class="samp">+</samp>’, which is ignored,
or ‘<samp class="samp">-</samp>’, which reverses the sort order from ascending to descending,
followed by a sort specifier.
The valid sort specifiers are
order by modification time (newest first).
</p>
<p>The ‘<samp class="samp">numeric</samp>’ specifier treats names consisting solely of digits as
-numbers and sorts them using the numeric value (so "2" will sort before
-"10", for example).
+numbers and sorts them using their numeric value
+(so "2" will sort before "10", for example).
When using ‘<samp class="samp">numeric</samp>’, names containing non-digits sort after all
the all-digit names and are sorted by name using the traditional behavior.
</p>
-<p>A sort specifier of ‘<samp class="samp">nosort</samp>’ disables sorting completely; the results
-are returned in the order they are read from the file system,
-and any leading ‘<samp class="samp">-</samp>’ is ignored.
+<p>A sort specifier of ‘<samp class="samp">nosort</samp>’ disables sorting completely;
+Bash returns the results
+in the order they are read from the file system,
+ignoring any leading ‘<samp class="samp">-</samp>’.
</p>
<p>If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to <var class="var">name</var>,
so a value of ‘<samp class="samp">+</samp>’ is equivalent to the null string,
<dd><p>Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
substitution, and tokenization (see <a class="pxref" href="#History-Interaction">History Expansion</a>).
The first character is the
-<em class="dfn">history expansion</em> character, that is, the character which signifies the
-start of a history expansion, normally ‘<samp class="samp">!</samp>’.
+<em class="dfn">history expansion</em> character,
+the character which begins a history expansion, normally ‘<samp class="samp">!</samp>’.
The second character is the
character which signifies "quick substitution" when seen as the first
character on a line, normally ‘<samp class="samp">^</samp>’.
character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when
found as the first character of a word, usually ‘<samp class="samp">#</samp>’.
The history
-comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
+comment character disables history substitution for the
remaining words on the line.
It does not necessarily cause the shell
parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
shell with the <samp class="option">--login</samp> option, it first attempts to read
and execute commands from <samp class="file">/etc/profile</samp> and <samp class="file">~/.profile</samp>, in
that order.
-The <samp class="option">--noprofile</samp> option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
+The <samp class="option">--noprofile</samp> option will inhibit this behavior.
</p>
<p>When invoked as an interactive shell with the name <code class="code">sh</code>, Bash
looks for the variable <code class="env">ENV</code>, expands its value if it is defined,
<p>A non-interactive shell invoked with the name <code class="code">sh</code> does not attempt
to read any other startup files.
</p>
-<p>When invoked as <code class="code">sh</code>, Bash enters <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode after
-the startup files are read.
+<p>When invoked as <code class="code">sh</code>, Bash enters <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode after reading
+the startup files.
</p>
<h4 class="subsubheading" id="Invoked-in-posix-mode"><span>Invoked in <small class="sc">POSIX</small> mode<a class="copiable-link" href="#Invoked-in-posix-mode"> ¶</a></span></h4>
it reads and executes commands from <samp class="file">~/.bashrc</samp>, if that
file exists and is readable.
It will not do this if invoked as <code class="code">sh</code>.
-The <samp class="option">--norc</samp> option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
+The <samp class="option">--norc</samp> option will inhibit this behavior, and the
<samp class="option">--rcfile</samp> option
will make Bash use a different file instead of
<samp class="file">~/.bashrc</samp>, but neither
special files, Bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them
internally with this behavior:
If the <var class="var">file</var> argument to one of the primaries is of the form
-<samp class="file">/dev/fd/<var class="var">N</var></samp>, then file descriptor <var class="var">N</var> is checked.
+<samp class="file">/dev/fd/<var class="var">N</var></samp>, then Bash checks file descriptor <var class="var">N</var>.
If the <var class="var">file</var> argument to one of the primaries is one of
-<samp class="file">/dev/stdin</samp>, <samp class="file">/dev/stdout</samp>, or <samp class="file">/dev/stderr</samp>, file
-descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
+<samp class="file">/dev/stdin</samp>, <samp class="file">/dev/stdout</samp>, or <samp class="file">/dev/stderr</samp>,
+Bash checks file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively.
</p>
<p>When used with <code class="code">[[</code>, the ‘<samp class="samp"><</samp>’ and ‘<samp class="samp">></samp>’ operators sort
lexicographically using the current locale.
performed before the expression is evaluated.
Within an expression, shell variables may also be referenced by name
without using the parameter expansion syntax.
-This means you can use
-.Q x ,
-where \fIx\fP is a shell variable name, in an arithmetic expression,
+This means you can use <var class="var">x</var>,
+where <var class="var">x</var> is a shell variable name, in an arithmetic expression,
and the shell will evaluate its value as an expression and use the
result.
A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced
</li><li> Bash permanently removes jobs from the jobs table after notifying the
user of their termination via the <code class="code">wait</code> or <code class="code">jobs</code> builtins.
+It removes the job from the jobs list after notifying the user of its
+termination, but the status is still available via <code class="code">wait</code>, as long
+as <code class="code">wait</code> is supplied a <small class="sc">PID</small> argument.
</li><li> The <code class="code">vi</code> editing mode will invoke the <code class="code">vi</code> editor directly when
the ‘<samp class="samp">v</samp>’ command is run, instead of checking <code class="code">$VISUAL</code> and
The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
</li><li> Bash removes an exited background process’s status from the list of such
-statuses after the <code class="code">wait</code> builtin is used to obtain it.
+statuses after the <code class="code">wait</code> builtin returns it.
</li></ol>
‘<samp class="samp">a[@]</samp>’.
Bash-5.2 will unset an element with key ‘<samp class="samp">@</samp>’ (associative arrays)
or remove all the elements without unsetting the array (indexed arrays).
-</li><li>Arithmetic commands ( ((...)) ) and the expressions in an arithmetic for
+</li><li>Arithmetic commands ( ((…)) ) and the expressions in an arithmetic for
statement can be expanded more than once.
</li><li>Expressions used as arguments to arithmetic operators in the <code class="code">[[</code>
conditional command can be expanded more than once.
</li><li>The expressions in substring parameter brace expansion can be
expanded more than once.
-</li><li>The expressions in the $(( ... )) word expansion can be expanded
+</li><li>The expressions in the $(( … )) word expansion can be expanded
more than once.
</li><li>Arithmetic expressions used as indexed array subscripts can be
expanded more than once.
foreground command in
a list completes, before executing the next command in the list.
If the <samp class="option">-b</samp> option to the <code class="code">set</code> builtin is enabled,
-Bash reports s
uch changes immediately (see <a class="pxref" href="#The-Set-Builtin">The Set Builtin</a>).
+Bash reports s
tatus changes immediately (see <a class="pxref" href="#The-Set-Builtin">The Set Builtin</a>).
Bash executes any trap on <code class="code">SIGCHLD</code>
for each child process that terminates.
</p>
</div>
<h3 class="section" id="Introduction-to-Line-Editing"><span>8.1 Introduction to Line Editing<a class="copiable-link" href="#Introduction-to-Line-Editing"> ¶</a></span></h3>
-<p>The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
-keystrokes.
+<p>The following paragraphs use Emacs style to
+describe the notation used to represent keystrokes.
</p>
<p>The text <kbd class="kbd">C-k</kbd> is read as ‘Control-K’ and describes the character
produced when the <kbd class="key">k</kbd> key is pressed while the Control key
</p>
<p>The text <kbd class="kbd">M-k</kbd> is read as ‘Meta-K’ and describes the character
produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <kbd class="key">k</kbd>
-key is pressed (a <em class="dfn">meta character</em>).
-The Meta key is labeled <kbd class="key">ALT</kbd> on many keyboards.
+key is pressed (a <em class="dfn">meta character</em>), then both are released.
+The Meta key is labeled <kbd class="key">ALT</kbd> or <kbd class="key">Option</kbd> on many keyboards.
On keyboards with two keys labeled <kbd class="key">ALT</kbd> (usually to either side of
the space bar), the <kbd class="key">ALT</kbd> on the left side is generally set to
work as a Meta key.
-The <kbd class="key">ALT</kbd> key on the right may also be configured to work as a
-Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a
+One of the <kbd class="key">ALT</kbd> keys may also be configured
+as some other modifier, such as a
Compose key for typing accented characters.
</p>
-<p>On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces meta characters with
+<p>On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with
the eighth bit (0200) set.
You can use the <code class="code">enable-meta-key</code> variable
to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it.
The name of this file is taken from the value of the
shell variable <code class="env">INPUTRC</code>.
If that variable is unset, the default is <samp class="file">~/.inputrc</samp>.
-If that file does not exist or cannot be read, readline looks for
+If that file does not exist or cannot be read, Readline looks for
<samp class="file">/etc/inputrc</samp>.
The <code class="code">bind</code><!-- /@w --> builtin command can also be used to set Readline
keybindings and variables.
The color definitions are taken from the value of the <code class="env">LS_COLORS</code>
environment variable.
If there is a color definition in <code class="env">LS_COLORS</code> for the custom suffix
-‘<samp class="samp">readline-colored-completion-prefix</samp>’, Readline uses this color for
+‘<samp class="samp">.readline-colored-completion-prefix</samp>’, Readline uses this color for
the common prefix instead of its default.
The default is ‘<samp class="samp">off</samp>’.
</p>
<dd><p>The maximum
length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
completions that is displayed without modification.
-When set to a value greater than zero, readline
+When set to a value greater than zero, Readline
replaces common prefixes longer than this value
with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
</p>
(see <code class="code">Key Bindings</code> in <a class="ref" href="#Readline-Init-File-Syntax">Readline Init File Syntax</a>)
by converting a key sequence of the form
<kbd class="kbd">\M-</kbd><var class="var">C</var> or <code class="code">Meta-</code><var class="var">C</var> to the two-character sequence
-<kbd class="kbd">ESC</kbd><var class="var">C</var> (adding the meta prefix).
+<kbd class="kbd">ESC</kbd> <var class="var">C</var> (adding the meta prefix).
If <code class="code">force-meta-prefix</code> is set to ‘<samp class="samp">off</samp>’ (the default),
Readline uses the value of the <code class="code">convert-meta</code> variable to determine
whether to perform this conversion:
<dd><p>If set to ‘<samp class="samp">on</samp>’, this alters the default completion behavior when
inserting a single match into the line.
It’s only active when performing completion in the middle of a word.
-If enabled, readline does not insert characters from the completion
+If enabled, Readline does not insert characters from the completion
that match characters after point in the word being completed,
so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
For instance, if this is enabled, attempting completion when the cursor
<code class="code">set-mark</code> command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <em class="dfn">region</em>.
Readline has the concept of an <em class="emph">active region</em>:
-when the region is active, Readline redisplay uses the
-value of the <code class="code">active-region-start-color</code> variable
-to denote the region.
+when the region is active,
+Readline redisplay highlights the region using the
+value of the <code class="code">active-region-start-color</code> variable.
+The <code class="code">enable-active-region</code> variable turns this on and off.
Several commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
</p>
<ul class="mini-toc">
</p>
</dd>
<dt><a id="index-execute_002dnamed_002dcommand-_0028M_002dx_0029"></a><span><code class="code">execute-named-command (M-x)</code><a class="copiable-link" href="#index-execute_002dnamed_002dcommand-_0028M_002dx_0029"> ¶</a></span></dt>
-<dd><p>Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute the
+<dd><p>Read a bindable Readline command name from the input and execute the
function to which it’s bound, as if the key sequence to which it was
bound appeared in the input.
If this function is supplied with a numeric argument, it passes that
<p>When the user attempts word completion for an argument to a command for
which a completion specification (a <em class="dfn">compspec</em>) has been defined
using the <code class="code">complete</code> builtin (see <a class="pxref" href="#Programmable-Completion-Builtins">Programmable Completion Builtins</a>),
-\fBreadline\fP invokes the programmable completion facilities.
+Readline invokes the programmable completion facilities.
</p>
<p>First, Bash identifies the command name.
If a compspec has been defined for that command, the
apply to “empty” command completion; and
the <samp class="option">-I</samp> option indicates that other supplied options should
apply to completion on the initial word on the line.
-These are determined in the same way as the \fBcomplete\fP builtin.
+These are determined in the same way as the <code class="code">complete</code> builtin.
</p>
<p>If multiple options are supplied, the <samp class="option">-D</samp> option takes precedence
over <samp class="option">-E</samp>, and both take precedence over <samp class="option">-I</samp>
supply the <samp class="option">--srcdir=PATH</samp> argument to tell <code class="code">configure</code>
where the source files are.
<code class="code">configure</code> automatically checks for the
-source code in the directory that <code class="code">configure</code> is in and in ‘..’.
+source code in the directory that <code class="code">configure</code> is in and in <samp class="file">..</samp>.
</p>
<p>If you have to use a <code class="code">make</code> that does not support the <code class="code">VPATH</code>
variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 14 October 2024).
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 15 October 2024).
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 14 October 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 15 October 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3.
Copyright © 1988-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 14 October 2024). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 15 October 2024). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 14 October 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 15 October 2024, of ‘The GNU Bash
Reference Manual’, for ‘Bash’, Version 5.3.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
filenames includes all files beginning with ‘.’, but the filenames ‘.’
and ‘..’ must be matched by a pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a
dot; when it is disabled, the set does not include any filenames
-beginning with "." unless the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ‘.’.
+beginning with ‘.’ unless the pattern or sub-pattern begins with a ‘.’.
If the ‘globskipdots’ shell option is enabled, the filenames ‘.’ and
‘..’ never appear in the set. As above, ‘.’ only has a special meaning
when matching filenames.
first character of the redirection operator is ‘>’, the redirection
refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
- The \fIword\fP following the redirection operator in the following
+ The WORD following the redirection operator in the following
descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion,
tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
arithmetic expansion, quote removal, filename expansion, and word
greater than or equal to 1.
‘cd’
- cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [-@] [DIRECTORY]
+ cd [-L] [-@] [DIRECTORY]
+ cd -P [-e] [-@] [DIRECTORY]
Change the current working directory to DIRECTORY. If DIRECTORY is
not supplied, the value of the ‘HOME’ shell variable is used as
- DIRECTORY. If the shell variable ‘CDPATH’ exists, ‘cd’ uses it as
- a search path: ‘cd’ searches each directory name in ‘CDPATH’ for
- DIRECTORY, with alternative directory names in ‘CDPATH’ separated
- by a colon (‘:’). A null directory name in ‘CDPATH’ means the same
- thing as the current directory. If DIRECTORY begins with a slash,
- ‘CDPATH’ is not used.
-
- The ‘-P’ option means to not follow symbolic links: symbolic links
+ DIRECTORY. If the shell variable ‘CDPATH’ exists, and DIRECTORY
+ does not begin with a slash, ‘cd’ uses it as a search path: ‘cd’
+ searches each directory name in ‘CDPATH’ for DIRECTORY, with
+ alternative directory names in ‘CDPATH’ separated by a colon (‘:’).
+ A null directory name in ‘CDPATH’ means the same thing as the
+ current directory.
+
+ The ‘-P’ option means not to follow symbolic links: symbolic links
are resolved while ‘cd’ is traversing DIRECTORY and before
processing an instance of ‘..’ in DIRECTORY.
DIRECTORY are resolved after ‘cd’ processes an instance of ‘..’ in
DIRECTORY.
- If ‘..’ appears in DIRECTORY, it is processed by removing the
+ If ‘..’ appears in DIRECTORY, ‘cd’ processes it by removing the
immediately preceding pathname component, back to a slash or the
- beginning of DIRECTORY.
+ beginning of DIRECTORY, and verifying that the portion of DIRECTORY
+ it has processed to that point is still a valid directory name
+ after removing the pathname component. If it is not a valid
+ directory name, ‘cd’ returns a non-zero status.
- If the ‘-e’ option is supplied with ‘-P’ and the current working
- directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful
- directory change, ‘cd’ will return a non-zero status.
+ If the ‘-e’ option is supplied with ‘-P’ and ‘cd’ cannot
+ successfully determine the current working directory after a
+ successful directory change, it will return a non-zero status.
On systems that support it, the ‘-@’ option presents the extended
attributes associated with a file as a directory.
completion.
‘noexpand_translation’
- If set, Bash encloses the translated results of $"..."
- quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If the
- string is not translated, this has no effect.
+ If set, Bash encloses the translated results of $"..." quoting
+ in single quotes instead of double quotes. If the string is
+ not translated, this has no effect.
‘nullglob’
If set, filename expansion patterns which match no files
‘EPOCHREALTIME’
Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of
- seconds since the Unix Epoch as a floating point value with
+ seconds since the Unix Epoch as a floating-point value with
micro-second granularity (see the documentation for the C library
function ‘time’ for the definition of Epoch). Assignments to
‘EPOCHREALTIME’ are ignored. If ‘EPOCHREALTIME’ is unset, it loses
value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort order
for the results of filename expansion. If this variable is unset
or set to the null string, filename expansion uses the historical
- behavior of sorting by name. If set, a valid value begins with an
- optional ‘+’, which is ignored, or ‘-’, which reverses the sort
- order from ascending to descending, followed by a sort specifier.
- The valid sort specifiers are ‘name’, ‘numeric’, ‘size’, ‘mtime’,
- ‘atime’, ‘ctime’, and ‘blocks’, which sort the files on name, names
- in numeric rather than lexicographic order, file size, modification
+ behavior of sorting by name, in ascending lexicographic order as
+ determined by the ‘LC_COLLATE’ shell variable.
+
+ If set, a valid value begins with an optional ‘+’, which is
+ ignored, or ‘-’, which reverses the sort order from ascending to
+ descending, followed by a sort specifier. The valid sort
+ specifiers are ‘name’, ‘numeric’, ‘size’, ‘mtime’, ‘atime’,
+ ‘ctime’, and ‘blocks’, which sort the files on name, names in
+ numeric rather than lexicographic order, file size, modification
time, access time, inode change time, and number of blocks,
respectively. If any of the non-name keys compare as equal (e.g.,
if two files are the same size), sorting uses the name as a
order by modification time (newest first).
The ‘numeric’ specifier treats names consisting solely of digits as
- numbers and sorts them using the numeric value (so "2" will sort
+ numbers and sorts them using their numeric value (so "2" will sort
before "10", for example). When using ‘numeric’, names containing
non-digits sort after all the all-digit names and are sorted by
name using the traditional behavior.
- A sort specifier of ‘nosort’ disables sorting completely; the
- results are returned in the order they are read from the file
- system, and any leading ‘-’ is ignored.
+ A sort specifier of ‘nosort’ disables sorting completely; Bash
+ returns the results in the order they are read from the file
+ system, ignoring any leading ‘-’.
If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to NAME, so a value
of ‘+’ is equivalent to the null string, and a value of ‘-’ sorts
‘histchars’
Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
substitution, and tokenization (*note History Interaction::). The
- first character is the “history expansion” character, that is, the
- character which signifies the start of a history expansion,
- normally ‘!’. The second character is the character which
- signifies "quick substitution" when seen as the first character on
- a line, normally ‘^’. The optional third character is the
- character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a
- comment when found as the first character of a word, usually ‘#’.
- The history comment character causes history substitution to be
- skipped for the remaining words on the line. It does not
- necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as
- a comment.
+ first character is the “history expansion” character, the character
+ which begins a history expansion, normally ‘!’. The second
+ character is the character which signifies "quick substitution"
+ when seen as the first character on a line, normally ‘^’. The
+ optional third character is the character which indicates that the
+ remainder of the line is a comment when found as the first
+ character of a word, usually ‘#’. The history comment character
+ disables history substitution for the remaining words on the line.
+ It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of
+ the line as a comment.
‘HISTCMD’
The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
When invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive
shell with the ‘--login’ option, it first attempts to read and execute
commands from ‘/etc/profile’ and ‘~/.profile’, in that order. The
-‘--noprofile’ option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
+‘--noprofile’ option will inhibit this behavior.
When invoked as an interactive shell with the name ‘sh’, Bash looks
for the variable ‘ENV’, expands its value if it is defined, and uses the
A non-interactive shell invoked with the name ‘sh’ does not attempt
to read any other startup files.
- When invoked as ‘sh’, Bash enters POSIX mode after the startup files
-are read.
+ When invoked as ‘sh’, Bash enters POSIX mode after reading the
+startup files.
Invoked in POSIX mode
.....................
daemon ‘sshd’. If Bash determines it is being run non-interactively in
this fashion, it reads and executes commands from ‘~/.bashrc’, if that
file exists and is readable. It will not do this if invoked as ‘sh’.
-The ‘--norc’ option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
-‘--rcfile’ option will make Bash use a different file instead of
-‘~/.bashrc’, but neither ‘rshd’ nor ‘sshd’ generally invoke the shell
-with those options or allow them to be specified.
+The ‘--norc’ option will inhibit this behavior, and the ‘--rcfile’
+option will make Bash use a different file instead of ‘~/.bashrc’, but
+neither ‘rshd’ nor ‘sshd’ generally invoke the shell with those options
+or allow them to be specified.
Invoked with unequal effective and real UID/GIDs
................................................
expressions. If the operating system on which Bash is running provides
these special files, Bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them
internally with this behavior: If the FILE argument to one of the
-primaries is of the form ‘/dev/fd/N’, then file descriptor N is checked.
-If the FILE argument to one of the primaries is one of ‘/dev/stdin’,
-‘/dev/stdout’, or ‘/dev/stderr’, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2,
-respectively, is checked.
+primaries is of the form ‘/dev/fd/N’, then Bash checks file descriptor
+N. If the FILE argument to one of the primaries is one of ‘/dev/stdin’,
+‘/dev/stdout’, or ‘/dev/stderr’, Bash checks file descriptor 0, 1, or 2,
+respectively.
When used with ‘[[’, the ‘<’ and ‘>’ operators sort lexicographically
using the current locale. The ‘test’ command uses ASCII ordering.
Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is
performed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression,
shell variables may also be referenced by name without using the
-parameter expansion syntax. This means you can use .Q x , where \fIx\fP
-is a shell variable name, in an arithmetic expression, and the shell
-will evaluate its value as an expression and use the result. A shell
+parameter expansion syntax. This means you can use X, where X is a
+shell variable name, in an arithmetic expression, and the shell will
+evaluate its value as an expression and use the result. A shell
variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced by name in
an expression.
27. Bash permanently removes jobs from the jobs table after notifying
the user of their termination via the ‘wait’ or ‘jobs’ builtins.
+ It removes the job from the jobs list after notifying the user of
+ its termination, but the status is still available via ‘wait’, as
+ long as ‘wait’ is supplied a PID argument.
28. The ‘vi’ editing mode will invoke the ‘vi’ editor directly when
the ‘v’ command is run, instead of checking ‘$VISUAL’ and
The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
75. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list
- of such statuses after the ‘wait’ builtin is used to obtain it.
+ of such statuses after the ‘wait’ builtin returns it.
There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default
even when in POSIX mode. Specifically:
like ‘a[@]’. Bash-5.2 will unset an element with key ‘@’
(associative arrays) or remove all the elements without
unsetting the array (indexed arrays).
- • Arithmetic commands ( ((...)) ) and the expressions in an
+ • Arithmetic commands ( ((...)) ) and the expressions in an
arithmetic for statement can be expanded more than once.
• Expressions used as arguments to arithmetic operators in the
‘[[’ conditional command can be expanded more than once.
• The expressions in substring parameter brace expansion can be
expanded more than once.
- • The expressions in the $(( ... )) word expansion can be
+ • The expressions in the $(( ... )) word expansion can be
expanded more than once.
• Arithmetic expressions used as indexed array subscripts can be
expanded more than once.
though it will notify of changes in a job's status after a foreground
command in a list completes, before executing the next command in the
list. If the ‘-b’ option to the ‘set’ builtin is enabled, Bash reports
-such changes immediately (*note The Set Builtin::). Bash executes any
+status changes immediately (*note The Set Builtin::). Bash executes any
trap on ‘SIGCHLD’ for each child process that terminates.
When a job terminates and Bash notifies the user about it, Bash
8.1 Introduction to Line Editing
================================
-The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
-keystrokes.
+The following paragraphs use Emacs style to describe the notation used
+to represent keystrokes.
The text ‘C-k’ is read as 'Control-K' and describes the character
produced when the <k> key is pressed while the Control key is depressed.
The text ‘M-k’ is read as 'Meta-K' and describes the character
produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <k>
-key is pressed (a “meta character”). The Meta key is labeled <ALT> on
-many keyboards. On keyboards with two keys labeled <ALT> (usually to
-either side of the space bar), the <ALT> on the left side is generally
-set to work as a Meta key. The <ALT> key on the right may also be
-configured to work as a Meta key or may be configured as some other
-modifier, such as a Compose key for typing accented characters.
-
- On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces meta characters
-with the eighth bit (0200) set. You can use the ‘enable-meta-key’
-variable to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows
-it. On many others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the
-metafied key to a key sequence beginning with <ESC> as described in the
-next paragraph.
+key is pressed (a “meta character”), then both are released. The Meta
+key is labeled <ALT> or <Option> on many keyboards. On keyboards with
+two keys labeled <ALT> (usually to either side of the space bar), the
+<ALT> on the left side is generally set to work as a Meta key. One of
+the <ALT> keys may also be configured as some other modifier, such as a
+Compose key for typing accented characters.
+
+ On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with the
+eighth bit (0200) set. You can use the ‘enable-meta-key’ variable to
+control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it. On many
+others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the metafied key to a
+key sequence beginning with <ESC> as described in the next paragraph.
If you do not have a Meta or <ALT> key, or another key working as a
Meta key, you can generally achieve the latter effect by typing <ESC>
putting commands in an “inputrc” file, conventionally in their home
directory. The name of this file is taken from the value of the shell
variable ‘INPUTRC’. If that variable is unset, the default is
-‘~/.inputrc’. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, readline
+‘~/.inputrc’. If that file does not exist or cannot be read, Readline
looks for ‘/etc/inputrc’. The ‘bind’ builtin command can also be used
to set Readline keybindings and variables. *Note Bash Builtins::.
different color. The color definitions are taken from the
value of the ‘LS_COLORS’ environment variable. If there is a
color definition in ‘LS_COLORS’ for the custom suffix
- ‘readline-colored-completion-prefix’, Readline uses this color
- for the common prefix instead of its default. The default is
- ‘off’.
+ ‘.readline-colored-completion-prefix’, Readline uses this
+ color for the common prefix instead of its default. The
+ default is ‘off’.
‘colored-stats’
If set to ‘on’, Readline displays possible completions using
‘completion-prefix-display-length’
The maximum length in characters of the common prefix of a
list of possible completions that is displayed without
- modification. When set to a value greater than zero, readline
+ modification. When set to a value greater than zero, Readline
replaces common prefixes longer than this value with an
ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
key sequences containing ‘\M-’ or ‘Meta-’ (see ‘Key Bindings’
in *note Readline Init File Syntax::) by converting a key
sequence of the form ‘\M-’C or ‘Meta-’C to the two-character
- sequence ‘ESC’C (adding the meta prefix). If
+ sequence ‘ESC’ C (adding the meta prefix). If
‘force-meta-prefix’ is set to ‘off’ (the default), Readline
uses the value of the ‘convert-meta’ variable to determine
whether to perform this conversion: if ‘convert-meta’ is ‘on’,
If set to ‘on’, this alters the default completion behavior
when inserting a single match into the line. It's only active
when performing completion in the middle of a word. If
- enabled, readline does not insert characters from the
+ enabled, Readline does not insert characters from the
completion that match characters after point in the word being
completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are
not duplicated. For instance, if this is enabled, attempting
position, and “mark” refers to a cursor position saved by the ‘set-mark’
command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the
“region”. Readline has the concept of an _active region_: when the
-region is active, Readline redisplay uses the value of the
-‘active-region-start-color’ variable to denote the region. Several
-commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
+region is active, Readline redisplay highlights the region using the
+value of the ‘active-region-start-color’ variable. The
+‘enable-active-region’ variable turns this on and off. Several commands
+set the region to active; those are noted below.
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Commands For Moving, Next: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands
default.
‘execute-named-command (M-x)’
- Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute
+ Read a bindable Readline command name from the input and execute
the function to which it's bound, as if the key sequence to which
it was bound appeared in the input. If this function is supplied
with a numeric argument, it passes that argument to the function it
When the user attempts word completion for an argument to a command for
which a completion specification (a “compspec”) has been defined using
the ‘complete’ builtin (*note Programmable Completion Builtins::),
-\fBreadline\fP invokes the programmable completion facilities.
+Readline invokes the programmable completion facilities.
First, Bash identifies the command name. If a compspec has been
defined for that command, the compspec is used to generate the list of
other supplied options should apply to "empty" command completion;
and the ‘-I’ option indicates that other supplied options should
apply to completion on the initial word on the line. These are
- determined in the same way as the \fBcomplete\fP builtin.
+ determined in the same way as the ‘complete’ builtin.
If multiple options are supplied, the ‘-D’ option takes precedence
over ‘-E’, and both take precedence over ‘-I’
script from the source directory (*note Basic Installation::). You may
need to supply the ‘--srcdir=PATH’ argument to tell ‘configure’ where
the source files are. ‘configure’ automatically checks for the source
-code in the directory that ‘configure’ is in and in '..'.
+code in the directory that ‘configure’ is in and in ‘..’.
If you have to use a ‘make’ that does not support the ‘VPATH’
variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a time in the
* .: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 17)
* [: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 333)
+ (line 337)
* alias: Bash Builtins. (line 11)
* bg: Job Control Builtins.
(line 7)
* compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 257)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 102)
+ (line 106)
* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 179)
* dirs: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 7)
* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 284)
* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 337)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 111)
+ (line 115)
* exec: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 119)
+ (line 123)
* exit: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 141)
+ (line 145)
* export: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 148)
+ (line 152)
* false: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 170)
+ (line 174)
* fc: Bash History Builtins.
(line 10)
* fg: Job Control Builtins.
(line 17)
* getopts: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 175)
+ (line 179)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 226)
+ (line 230)
* help: Bash Builtins. (line 374)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 59)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 70)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 258)
+ (line 262)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 548)
* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 659)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 270)
+ (line 274)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 295)
+ (line 299)
* set: The Set Builtin. (line 11)
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 320)
+ (line 324)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
* source: Bash Builtins. (line 668)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 139)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 333)
+ (line 337)
* times: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 433)
+ (line 437)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 439)
+ (line 443)
* true: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 505)
+ (line 509)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 673)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 710)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 716)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 510)
+ (line 514)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 824)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 528)
+ (line 532)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 86)
* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 363)
* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 368)
* GLOBSORT: Bash Variables. (line 375)
-* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 410)
-* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 416)
-* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 431)
-* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 437)
-* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 455)
-* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 461)
-* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 472)
+* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 413)
+* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 419)
+* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 433)
+* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 439)
+* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 457)
+* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 463)
+* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 474)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 232)
* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 238)
-* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 496)
-* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 503)
+* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 498)
+* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 505)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 248)
-* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 512)
-* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 523)
-* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 526)
+* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 514)
+* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 525)
+* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 528)
* IFS: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 18)
-* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 529)
+* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 531)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 256)
-* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 538)
-* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 542)
+* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 540)
+* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 544)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 267)
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 274)
* LANG: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 548)
-* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 552)
-* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 556)
-* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 563)
+* LANG <1>: Bash Variables. (line 550)
+* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 554)
+* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 558)
+* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 565)
* LC_MESSAGES: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 568)
-* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 572)
-* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 576)
-* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 580)
-* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 587)
-* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 593)
+* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 570)
+* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 574)
+* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 578)
+* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 582)
+* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 589)
+* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 595)
* MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 24)
-* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 597)
+* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 599)
* MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 29)
-* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 605)
+* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 607)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 304)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 321)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 256)
-* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 609)
+* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 611)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 36)
-* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 612)
+* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 614)
* OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 40)
-* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 617)
+* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 619)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 326)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 335)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 44)
-* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 620)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 626)
-* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 636)
-* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 640)
-* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 646)
-* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 652)
+* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 622)
+* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 628)
+* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 638)
+* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 642)
+* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 648)
+* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 654)
* PS1: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 53)
* PS2: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 58)
-* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 657)
-* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 662)
-* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 670)
-* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 673)
-* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 681)
-* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 685)
-* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 689)
-* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 695)
-* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 699)
+* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 659)
+* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 664)
+* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 672)
+* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 675)
+* READLINE_ARGUMENT: Bash Variables. (line 683)
+* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 687)
+* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 691)
+* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 697)
+* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 701)
* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 348)
* search-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 355)
-* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 703)
-* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 713)
-* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 718)
-* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 727)
+* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 705)
+* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 715)
+* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 720)
+* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 729)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 360)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 375)
* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 381)
-* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 732)
+* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 734)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Creating Internationalized Scripts.
(line 51)
-* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 741)
-* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 780)
-* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 792)
-* UID: Bash Variables. (line 796)
+* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 743)
+* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 782)
+* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 794)
+* UID: Bash Variables. (line 798)
* vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 394)
* vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
Node: Word Splitting\7f107180
Node: Filename Expansion\7f109280
Node: Pattern Matching\7f112551
-Node: Quote Removal\7f117888
-Node: Redirections\7f118195
-Node: Executing Commands\7f128413
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f129083
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f131194
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f133641
-Node: Environment\7f137092
-Node: Exit Status\7f138998
-Node: Signals\7f141059
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f144960
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f148261
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f150375
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f176679
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f213130
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f213475
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f225414
-Node: Special Builtins\7f242469
-Node: Shell Variables\7f243461
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f243898
-Node: Bash Variables\7f246409
-Node: Bash Features\7f284669
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f285686
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f292115
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f297431
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f297842
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f298507
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f299334
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f303098
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f308318
-Node: Aliases\7f311660
-Node: Arrays\7f314798
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f321864
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f322664
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f327112
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f329999
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f332884
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f351028
-Node: Job Control\7f360042
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f360502
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f366781
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f373466
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f374700
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f376406
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f378759
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f379950
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f381761
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f382760
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f384786
-Node: Searching\7f385846
-Node: Readline Init File\7f388110
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f389417
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f416166
-Node: Sample Init File\7f420554
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f423678
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f425153
-Node: Commands For History\7f427383
-Node: Commands For Text\7f432639
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[1] Chapter 2 [2]
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%%Page: 53 59
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%%Page: 54 60
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+i(input)e(and)h(execute)h(the)g(func-)630 5121 y(tion)g(to)h(whic)m(h)f
(it's)g(b)s(ound,)f(as)h(if)g(the)g(k)m(ey)h(sequence)f(to)h(whic)m(h)e
(it)i(w)m(as)f(b)s(ound)e(app)s(eared)630 5230 y(in)37
b(the)h(input.)61 b(If)37 b(this)h(function)f(is)g(supplied)g(with)g(a)
(t)j(k)m(eys,)g(mo)m(v)m(e)f(to)f(previous)g(history)f(lines)h(with)150
1502 y(`)p Ft(k)p Fu(')d(and)e(subsequen)m(t)h(lines)h(with)f(`)p
Ft(j)p Fu(',)g(and)g(so)h(forth.)150 1749 y Fs(8.6)68
-b(Programmable)47 b(Completion)150 1908 y Fu(When)d(the)g(user)g
-(attempts)h(w)m(ord)f(completion)h(for)f(an)g(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(a)g
-(command)f(for)g(whic)m(h)g(a)150 2018 y(completion)e(sp)s
-(eci\014cation)f(\(a)g Fr(compsp)s(ec)6 b Fu(\))41 b(has)f(b)s(een)g
-(de\014ned)f(using)h(the)h Ft(complete)d Fu(builtin)i(\(see)150
-2127 y(Section)j(8.7)g([Programmable)g(Completion)g(Builtins],)i(page)e
-(158\),)k Ft(\\)p Fu(fBreadline)p Ft(\\)p Fu(fP)42 b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es)i
-(the)150 2237 y(programmable)31 b(completion)g(facilities.)275
-2375 y(First,)47 b(Bash)c(iden)m(ti\014es)h(the)f(command)g(name.)80
-b(If)43 b(a)h(compsp)s(ec)f(has)g(b)s(een)f(de\014ned)g(for)h(that)150
-2485 y(command,)27 b(the)g(compsp)s(ec)g(is)f(used)g(to)h(generate)h
-(the)f(list)g(of)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions)i(for)f(the)f(w)m(ord.)39
-b(If)150 2595 y(the)25 b(command)f(w)m(ord)g(is)h(the)g(empt)m(y)g
-(string)f(\(completion)j(attempted)e(at)h(the)e(b)s(eginning)g(of)h(an)
-g(empt)m(y)150 2704 y(line\),)38 b(Bash)e(uses)g(an)m(y)g(compsp)s(ec)f
+b(Programmable)47 b(Completion)150 1908 y Fu(When)21
+b(the)f(user)g(attempts)i(w)m(ord)f(completion)h(for)e(an)h(argumen)m
+(t)g(to)g(a)g(command)g(for)f(whic)m(h)h(a)g(comple-)150
+2018 y(tion)k(sp)s(eci\014cation)g(\(a)h Fr(compsp)s(ec)6
+b Fu(\))24 b(has)g(b)s(een)g(de\014ned)g(using)g(the)g
+Ft(complete)f Fu(builtin)h(\(see)h(Section)h(8.7)150
+2127 y([Programmable)31 b(Completion)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(158\),)h
+(Readline)e(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es)i(the)f(programmable)f(com-)150
+2237 y(pletion)h(facilities.)275 2375 y(First,)47 b(Bash)c(iden)m
+(ti\014es)h(the)f(command)g(name.)80 b(If)43 b(a)h(compsp)s(ec)f(has)g
+(b)s(een)f(de\014ned)g(for)h(that)150 2485 y(command,)27
+b(the)g(compsp)s(ec)g(is)f(used)g(to)h(generate)h(the)f(list)g(of)g(p)s
+(ossible)f(completions)i(for)f(the)f(w)m(ord.)39 b(If)150
+2595 y(the)25 b(command)f(w)m(ord)g(is)h(the)g(empt)m(y)g(string)f
+(\(completion)j(attempted)e(at)h(the)e(b)s(eginning)g(of)h(an)g(empt)m
+(y)150 2704 y(line\),)38 b(Bash)e(uses)g(an)m(y)g(compsp)s(ec)f
(de\014ned)g(with)h(the)g Ft(-E)f Fu(option)h(to)h Ft(complete)p
Fu(.)55 b(If)35 b(the)h(command)150 2814 y(w)m(ord)30
b(is)g(a)h(full)f(pathname,)g(Bash)h(searc)m(hes)g(for)f(a)g(compsp)s
y(other)36 b(supplied)f(options)h(should)f(apply)h(to)h(completion)g
(on)f(the)g(initial)h(w)m(ord)f(on)g(the)630 3004 y(line.)41
b(These)30 b(are)h(determined)f(in)g(the)h(same)f(w)m(a)m(y)i(as)e(the)
-h Ft(\\)p Fu(fBcomplete)p Ft(\\)p Fu(fP)g(builtin.)630
-3134 y(If)k(m)m(ultiple)i(options)f(are)g(supplied,)g(the)g
-Ft(-D)g Fu(option)g(tak)m(es)h(precedence)g(o)m(v)m(er)g
-Ft(-E)p Fu(,)g(and)630 3243 y(b)s(oth)30 b(tak)m(e)i(precedence)e(o)m
-(v)m(er)i Ft(-I)630 3373 y Fu(The)23 b(return)g(v)-5
-b(alue)25 b(is)f(true)g(unless)f(an)h(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)24
-b(option)h(is)f(supplied,)g(an)g(attempt)h(is)f(made)630
+h Ft(complete)d Fu(builtin.)630 3134 y(If)35 b(m)m(ultiple)i(options)f
+(are)g(supplied,)g(the)g Ft(-D)g Fu(option)g(tak)m(es)h(precedence)g(o)
+m(v)m(er)g Ft(-E)p Fu(,)g(and)630 3243 y(b)s(oth)30 b(tak)m(e)i
+(precedence)e(o)m(v)m(er)i Ft(-I)630 3373 y Fu(The)23
+b(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(is)f(true)g(unless)f(an)h(in)m(v)-5
+b(alid)24 b(option)h(is)f(supplied,)g(an)g(attempt)h(is)f(made)630
3483 y(to)32 b(mo)s(dify)f(the)g(options)h(for)f(a)h
Fr(name)k Fu(for)31 b(whic)m(h)g(no)g(completion)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)f
(exists,)630 3593 y(or)e(an)h(output)f(error)g(o)s(ccurs.)150
Ft(configure)c Fu(where)i(the)h(source)g(\014les)g(are.)78
b Ft(configure)150 4145 y Fu(automatically)33 b(c)m(hec)m(ks)f(for)e
(the)h(source)f(co)s(de)h(in)f(the)h(directory)f(that)h
-Ft(configure)d Fu(is)j(in)f(and)f(in)h(`..'.)275 4280
-y(If)22 b(y)m(ou)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(to)g(use)f(a)g Ft(make)f
+Ft(configure)d Fu(is)j(in)f(and)f(in)h Ft(..)p Fu(.)275
+4280 y(If)22 b(y)m(ou)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(to)g(use)f(a)g Ft(make)f
Fu(that)i(do)s(es)f(not)g(supp)s(ort)e(the)j Ft(VPATH)d
Fu(v)-5 b(ariable,)26 b(y)m(ou)d(can)h(compile)g(Bash)150
4389 y(for)33 b(one)h(arc)m(hitecture)h(at)f(a)g(time)g(in)f(the)h
g(:)g(:)g(:)35 b Fb(91)150 3808 y Fe(HISTCONTROL)10 b
Fc(:)16 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)25 b Fb(91)150 3896 y Fe(HISTFILE)18 b Fc(:)d(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
+g(:)25 b Fb(92)150 3896 y Fe(HISTFILE)18 b Fc(:)d(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)32
b Fb(92)150 3984 y Fe(HISTFILESIZE)8 b Fc(:)16 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)27 b Fb(93)2025
1998 y Fe(LC_CTYPE)18 b Fc(:)d(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)33 b Fb(93)2025 2088
+g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)33 b Fb(94)2025 2088
y Fe(LC_MESSAGES)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(8,)26 b(94)2025 2178 y Fe(LC_NUMERIC)13
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fb(138)150
2763 y Fe(SECONDS)g Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)35 b Fb(95)150
+g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)35 b Fb(96)150
2851 y Fe(SHELL)9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)23
@cindex internationalized scripts
@cindex string translations
Once you've marked the strings in your script
-that you want to translate using $"...",
+that you want to translate using $"@dots{}",
you create a gettext "template" file using the command
@example
Bash uses the value formed by expanding the rest of
@var{parameter} as the new @var{parameter};
this new parameter is then
-expanded and that value is used in the rest of the expansion, rather
+expanded and that value is used
+in the rest of the expansion, rather
than the expansion of the original @var{parameter}.
This is known as @code{indirect expansion}.
The value is subject to tilde expansion,
When a pattern is used for filename expansion, the character @samp{.}
at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash
must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option @code{dotglob} is set.
-In order to match the filenames @samp{.} and @samp{..},
+In order to match the filenames @file{.} and @file{..},
the pattern must begin with @samp{.} (for example, @samp{.?}),
even if @code{dotglob} is set.
If the @code{globskipdots} shell option is enabled, the filenames
-@samp{.} and @samp{..} never match, even if the pattern begins
+@file{.} and @file{..} never match, even if the pattern begins
with a @samp{.}.
When not matching filenames, the @samp{.} character is not treated specially.
the set of filenames that are tested:
when @code{dotglob} is enabled, the set of filenames includes all files
beginning with @samp{.}, but the filenames
-@samp{.} and @samp{..} must be matched by a
+@file{.} and @file{..} must be matched by a
pattern or sub-pattern that begins with a dot;
when it is disabled, the set does not
-include any filenames beginning with ``.'' unless the pattern
+include any filenames beginning with @samp{.} unless the pattern
or sub-pattern begins with a @samp{.}.
If the @code{globskipdots}
shell option is enabled, the filenames
-@samp{.} and @samp{..}
+@file{.} and @file{..}
never appear in the set.
As above, @samp{.} only has a special meaning when matching filenames.
is @samp{>}, the redirection refers to the standard output (file
descriptor 1).
-The \fIword\fP following the redirection operator in the following
+The @var{word} following the redirection operator in the following
descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to
brace expansion,
tilde expansion,
@item cd
@btindex cd
@example
-cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [-@@] [@var{directory}]
+cd [-L] [-@@] [@var{directory}]
+cd -P [-e] [-@@] [@var{directory}]
@end example
Change the current working directory to @var{directory}.
If @var{directory} is not supplied, the value of the @env{HOME}
shell variable is used as @var{directory}.
If the shell variable
-@env{CDPATH} exists, @code{cd} uses it as a search path:
+@env{CDPATH} exists,
+and @var{directory} does not begin with a slash,
+@code{cd} uses it as a search path:
@code{cd} searches each directory name in @env{CDPATH} for
@var{directory}, with alternative directory names in @env{CDPATH}
separated by a colon (@samp{:}).
A null directory name in @env{CDPATH} means the same thing as the
current directory.
-If @var{directory} begins with a slash, @env{CDPATH} is not used.
-The @option{-P} option means to not follow symbolic links: symbolic links
+The @option{-P} option means not to follow symbolic links: symbolic links
are resolved while @code{cd} is traversing @var{directory} and before
-processing an instance of @samp{..} in @var{directory}.
+processing an instance of @file{..} in @var{directory}.
By default, or when the @option{-L} option is supplied, symbolic links
in @var{directory} are resolved after @code{cd} processes an instance
-of @samp{..} in @var{directory}.
+of @file{..} in @var{directory}.
-If @samp{..} appears in @var{directory}, it is processed by removing the
+If @file{..} appears in @var{directory}, @code{cd} processes it by removing the
immediately preceding pathname component, back to a slash or the beginning
-of @var{directory}.
+of @var{directory},
+and verifying that the portion of @var{directory}
+it has processed to
+that point is still a valid directory name after removing the pathname
+component.
+If it is not a valid directory name, @code{cd} returns a non-zero status.
If the @option{-e} option is supplied with @option{-P}
-and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
-after a successful directory change, @code{cd} will return a non-zero
-status.
+and @code{cd} cannot successfully determine the current working directory
+after a successful directory change, it will return a non-zero status.
On systems that support it, the @option{-@@} option presents the extended
attributes associated with a file as a directory.
@item dotglob
If set, Bash includes filenames beginning with a @samp{.} in
the results of filename expansion.
-The filenames @samp{.} and @samp{..} must always be matched explicitly,
+The filenames @file{.} and @file{..} must always be matched explicitly,
even if @code{dotglob} is set.
@item execfail
@item globskipdots
If set, filename expansion will never match the filenames
-@samp{.} and @samp{..}, even if the pattern begins with a @samp{.}.
+@file{.} and @file{..}, even if the pattern begins with a @samp{.}.
This option is enabled by default.
@item globstar
@item noexpand_translation
If set, Bash
-encloses the translated results of $"..." quoting in single quotes
+encloses the translated results of $"@dots{}" quoting in single quotes
instead of double quotes.
If the string is not translated, this has no effect.
@item EPOCHREALTIME
Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number of seconds
-since the Unix Epoch as a floating point value with micro-second granularity
+since the Unix Epoch as a floating-point value with micro-second granularity
(see the documentation for the C library function @code{time} for the
definition of Epoch).
Assignments to @env{EPOCHREALTIME} are ignored.
The value of this variable specifies the sort criteria and sort order for
the results of filename expansion.
If this variable is unset or set to the null string, filename expansion
-uses the historical behavior of sorting by name.
+uses the historical behavior of sorting by name,
+in ascending lexicographic order as determined by the
+@code{LC_COLLATE} shell variable.
+
If set, a valid value begins with an optional @samp{+}, which is ignored,
or @samp{-}, which reverses the sort order from ascending to descending,
followed by a sort specifier.
order by modification time (newest first).
The @samp{numeric} specifier treats names consisting solely of digits as
-numbers and sorts them using the numeric value (so "2" will sort before
-"10", for example).
+numbers and sorts them using their numeric value
+(so "2" will sort before "10", for example).
When using @samp{numeric}, names containing non-digits sort after all
the all-digit names and are sorted by name using the traditional behavior.
-A sort specifier of @samp{nosort} disables sorting completely; the results
-are returned in the order they are read from the file system,
-and any leading @samp{-} is ignored.
+A sort specifier of @samp{nosort} disables sorting completely;
+Bash returns the results
+in the order they are read from the file system,
+ignoring any leading @samp{-}.
If the sort specifier is missing, it defaults to @var{name},
so a value of @samp{+} is equivalent to the null string,
Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
substitution, and tokenization (@pxref{History Interaction}).
The first character is the
-@dfn{history expansion} character, that is, the character which signifies the
-start of a history expansion, normally @samp{!}.
+@dfn{history expansion} character,
+the character which begins a history expansion, normally @samp{!}.
The second character is the
character which signifies "quick substitution" when seen as the first
character on a line, normally @samp{^}.
character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when
found as the first character of a word, usually @samp{#}.
The history
-comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
+comment character disables history substitution for the
remaining words on the line.
It does not necessarily cause the shell
parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
shell with the @option{--login} option, it first attempts to read
and execute commands from @file{/etc/profile} and @file{~/.profile}, in
that order.
-The @option{--noprofile} option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
+The @option{--noprofile} option will inhibit this behavior.
When invoked as an interactive shell with the name @code{sh}, Bash
looks for the variable @env{ENV}, expands its value if it is defined,
A non-interactive shell invoked with the name @code{sh} does not attempt
to read any other startup files.
-When invoked as @code{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after
-the startup files are read.
+When invoked as @code{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after reading
+the startup files.
@subsubheading Invoked in @sc{posix} mode
it reads and executes commands from @file{~/.bashrc}, if that
file exists and is readable.
It will not do this if invoked as @code{sh}.
-The @option{--norc} option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
+The @option{--norc} option will inhibit this behavior, and the
@option{--rcfile} option
will make Bash use a different file instead of
@file{~/.bashrc}, but neither
special files, Bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them
internally with this behavior:
If the @var{file} argument to one of the primaries is of the form
-@file{/dev/fd/@var{N}}, then file descriptor @var{N} is checked.
+@file{/dev/fd/@var{N}}, then Bash checks file descriptor @var{N}.
If the @var{file} argument to one of the primaries is one of
-@file{/dev/stdin}, @file{/dev/stdout}, or @file{/dev/stderr}, file
-descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
+@file{/dev/stdin}, @file{/dev/stdout}, or @file{/dev/stderr},
+Bash checks file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively.
When used with @code{[[}, the @samp{<} and @samp{>} operators sort
lexicographically using the current locale.
performed before the expression is evaluated.
Within an expression, shell variables may also be referenced by name
without using the parameter expansion syntax.
-This means you can use
-.Q x ,
-where \fIx\fP is a shell variable name, in an arithmetic expression,
+This means you can use @var{x},
+where @var{x} is a shell variable name, in an arithmetic expression,
and the shell will evaluate its value as an expression and use the
result.
A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced
@item
Bash permanently removes jobs from the jobs table after notifying the
user of their termination via the @code{wait} or @code{jobs} builtins.
+It removes the job from the jobs list after notifying the user of its
+termination, but the status is still available via @code{wait}, as long
+as @code{wait} is supplied a @sc{pid} argument.
@item
The @code{vi} editing mode will invoke the @code{vi} editor directly when
@item
Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list of such
-statuses after the @code{wait} builtin is used to obtain it.
+statuses after the @code{wait} builtin returns it.
@end enumerate
Bash-5.2 will unset an element with key @samp{@@} (associative arrays)
or remove all the elements without unsetting the array (indexed arrays).
@item
-Arithmetic commands ( ((...)) ) and the expressions in an arithmetic for
+Arithmetic commands ( ((@dots{})) ) and the expressions in an arithmetic for
statement can be expanded more than once.
@item
Expressions used as arguments to arithmetic operators in the @code{[[}
The expressions in substring parameter brace expansion can be
expanded more than once.
@item
-The expressions in the $(( ... )) word expansion can be expanded
+The expressions in the $(( @dots{} )) word expansion can be expanded
more than once.
@item
Arithmetic expressions used as indexed array subscripts can be
foreground command in
a list completes, before executing the next command in the list.
If the @option{-b} option to the @code{set} builtin is enabled,
-Bash reports such changes immediately (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+Bash reports status changes immediately (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
Bash executes any trap on @code{SIGCHLD}
for each child process that terminates.
supply the @option{--srcdir=PATH} argument to tell @code{configure}
where the source files are.
@code{configure} automatically checks for the
-source code in the directory that @code{configure} is in and in `..'.
+source code in the directory that @code{configure} is in and in @file{..}.
If you have to use a @code{make} that does not support the @code{VPATH}
variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a
\entry{GROUPS}{91}{\code {GROUPS}}
\entry{histchars}{91}{\code {histchars}}
\entry{HISTCMD}{91}{\code {HISTCMD}}
-\entry{HISTCONTROL}{91}{\code {HISTCONTROL}}
+\entry{HISTCONTROL}{92}{\code {HISTCONTROL}}
\entry{HISTFILE}{92}{\code {HISTFILE}}
\entry{HISTFILESIZE}{92}{\code {HISTFILESIZE}}
\entry{HISTIGNORE}{92}{\code {HISTIGNORE}}
\entry{LANG}{93}{\code {LANG}}
\entry{LC_ALL}{93}{\code {LC_ALL}}
\entry{LC_COLLATE}{93}{\code {LC_COLLATE}}
-\entry{LC_CTYPE}{93}{\code {LC_CTYPE}}
+\entry{LC_CTYPE}{94}{\code {LC_CTYPE}}
\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{94}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
\entry{LC_NUMERIC}{94}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}}
\entry{LC_TIME}{94}{\code {LC_TIME}}
\entry{READLINE_MARK}{95}{\code {READLINE_MARK}}
\entry{READLINE_POINT}{95}{\code {READLINE_POINT}}
\entry{REPLY}{95}{\code {REPLY}}
-\entry{SECONDS}{95}{\code {SECONDS}}
+\entry{SECONDS}{96}{\code {SECONDS}}
\entry{SHELL}{96}{\code {SHELL}}
\entry{SHELLOPTS}{96}{\code {SHELLOPTS}}
\entry{SHLVL}{96}{\code {SHLVL}}
\initial {H}
\entry{\code {histchars}}{91}
\entry{\code {HISTCMD}}{91}
-\entry{\code {HISTCONTROL}}{91}
+\entry{\code {HISTCONTROL}}{92}
\entry{\code {HISTFILE}}{92}
\entry{\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{92}
\entry{\code {HISTIGNORE}}{92}
\entry{\code {LANG}}{8, 93}
\entry{\code {LC_ALL}}{93}
\entry{\code {LC_COLLATE}}{93}
-\entry{\code {LC_CTYPE}}{93}
+\entry{\code {LC_CTYPE}}{94}
\entry{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}{8, 94}
\entry{\code {LC_NUMERIC}}{94}
\entry{\code {LC_TIME}}{94}
\entry{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{138}
\initial {S}
\entry{\code {search-ignore-case}}{138}
-\entry{\code {SECONDS}}{95}
+\entry{\code {SECONDS}}{96}
\entry{\code {SHELL}}{96}
\entry{\code {SHELLOPTS}}{96}
\entry{\code {SHLVL}}{96}
of directories in which to find _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be; otherwise, .\b. uses the
entries in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to find the directory containing _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not need to be executable. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in
- _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, it searches the current directory if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not
+ posix mode, it searches the current directory if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not
found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, but does not search the current directory if -\b-p\bp
is supplied. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin com-
mand is turned off, .\b. does not search P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH.
be read.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- With no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option,a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs prints the list of
- aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
- arguments are supplied, define an alias for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
+ With no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option, a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs prints the list
+ of aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output.
+ When arguments are supplied, define an alias for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded
during command parsing. For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for
way that they can be used as an argument to a subsequent
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd command or in a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be initialization file. If
arguments remain after option processing, b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd treats
- them as readline command names and restricts output to
+ them as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command names and restricts output to
those names.
-\b-P\bP List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings. If
arguments remain after option processing, b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd treats
- them as readline command names and restricts output to
+ them as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command names and restricts output to
those names.
-\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output in such a way that they can be used
reflected in the editing state.
-\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
associated commands in a format that can be reused as an
- argument to a subsequent @code{bind} command.
+ argument to a subsequent b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd command.
The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is supplied
or an error occurred.
routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
- c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]]] [-@] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
+ c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL] [-@] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
+ c\bcd\bd -\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be] [-@] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is used as _\bd_\bi_\br. The vari-
- able C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH exists, c\bcd\bd uses it as a search path: the shell
- searches each directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative di-
- rectory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null
- directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory,
- i.e., If _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used.
+ able C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH exists, and _\bd_\bi_\br does not begin with a slash (/), c\bcd\bd
+ uses it as a search path: the shell searches each directory name
+ in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
+ separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
+ the same as the current directory, i.e.,
The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical directory structure
by resolving symbolic links while traversing _\bd_\bi_\br and before pro-
cessing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br (see also the -\b-P\bP option to the
s\bse\bet\bt builtin command).
- The -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links to be followed by resolving
+ The -\b-L\bL option forces c\bcd\bd to follow symbolic links by resolving
the link after processing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br. If _\b._\b. appears
- in _\bd_\bi_\br, it is processed by removing the immediately previous
+ in _\bd_\bi_\br, c\bcd\bd processes it by removing the immediately previous
pathname component from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a slash or the beginning of
- _\bd_\bi_\br.
+ _\bd_\bi_\br, and verifying that the portion of _\bd_\bi_\br it has processed to
+ that point is still a valid directory name after removing the
+ pathname component. If it is not a valid directory name, c\bcd\bd re-
+ turns a non-zero status. If neither -\b-L\bL nor -\b-P\bP is supplied, c\bcd\bd
+ behaves as if -\b-L\bL had been supplied.
- If the -\b-e\be option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current working
- directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful
- directory change, c\bcd\bd will return a non-zero status.
+ If the -\b-e\be option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and c\bcd\bd cannot successfully
+ determine the current working directory after a successful di-
+ rectory change, it will return a non-zero status.
On systems that support it, the -\b-@\b@ option presents the extended
attributes associated with a file as a directory.
will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)) to obtain the
- line. Readline uses the current (or default, if line
+ line. R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the current (or default, if line
editing was not previously active) editing settings, but
- uses readline's default filename completion.
+ uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be's default filename completion.
-\b-E\bE If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
uses r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)) to obtain the
- line. Readline uses the current (or default, if line
+ line. R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the current (or default, if line
editing was not previously active) editing settings, but
uses bash's default completion, including programmable
completion.
s\bse\bet\bt +\b+o\bo Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
- be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
+ be reset. In posix mode, only shell variables are listed. The
output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
interactive shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
The effect is as if the shell command had been
- executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs <\b< in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)).
+ executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing
+ This changes the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing
buffer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a in the
- results of pathname expansion. The filenames and must
- always be matched explicitly, even if d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
+ results of pathname expansion. The filenames _\b. and _\b._\b.
+ must always be matched explicitly, even if d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
+ set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin. An interactive shell does not exit if
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin. An interactive shell does not exit if
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
If set, aliases are expanded as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1) un-
- der A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for in-
+ der A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for in-
teractive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
+ If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell
- starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
- ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
+ starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
+ ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
is enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
simulates a call to r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)).
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
- e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, enable the extended pattern matching features
+ e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, enable the extended pattern matching features
described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1) under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg and $\b$_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg quoting is performed within
+ If set, $\b$_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg and $\b$_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg quoting is performed within
$\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This
option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
- ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1) for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
+ ble completions. See S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1) for a
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
fault.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1))
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1))
behave as if in the traditional C locale when performing
- comparisons. That is, pattern matching does not take
+ comparisons. That is, pattern matching does not take
the current locale's collating sequence into account, so
- b\bb will not collate between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and
+ b\bb will not collate between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and
lower-case ASCII characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs
- If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
- names and even if the pattern begins with a This option
- is enabled by default.
+ If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
+ names _\b. and _\b._\b. even if the pattern begins with a This
+ option is enabled by default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell ex-
its, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the user is given
- the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitu-
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the user is given
+ the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitu-
tion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when posix mode is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
- In an interactive shell, a word beginning with #\b# causes
- that word and all remaining characters on that line to
- be ignored, as in a non-interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
+ In an interactive shell, a word beginning with #\b# causes
+ that word and all remaining characters on that line to
+ be ignored, as in a non-interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)). This option is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt
scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref at-
tribute is not inherited.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt
- If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
- function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
- cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
current function scope.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
displays the message
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not search
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when completion is at-
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when completion is at-
tempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
n\bno\boe\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsl\bla\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $\b$...
- quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $\b$...
+ quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
the string is not translated, this has no effect.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
If set, pathname expansion patterns which match no files
- (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)) expand to nothing
+ (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)) expand to nothing
and are removed, rather than expanding to themselves.
p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh expands occurrences of &\b& in the replacement
- string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
- the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in
+ string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
+ the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1). This option is enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
- If set, enable the programmable completion facilities
- (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)). This option
+ If set, enable the programmable completion facilities
+ (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)). This option
is enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
- has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
+ has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
- moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG in
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
+ moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG in
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1). This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
- stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)). The
- value may not be changed. This is not reset when the
- startup files are executed, allowing the startup files
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
+ stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)). The
+ value may not be changed. This is not reset when the
+ startup files are executed, allowing the startup files
to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
- argument when the -\b-p\bp option is not supplied. This op-
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ argument when the -\b-p\bp option is not supplied. This op-
tion is enabled by default.
v\bva\bar\brr\bre\bed\bdi\bir\br_\b_c\bcl\blo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
- assigned using the _\b{_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\b} redirection syntax (see
- R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)) instead of leaving them open
+ If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
+ assigned using the _\b{_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\b} redirection syntax (see
+ R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)) instead of leaving them open
when the command completes.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
- quences by default. If the p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx shell option is also
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
+ quences by default. If the p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx shell option is also
enabled, e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret any options.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
- signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
- cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option will override this and force
- the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the shell is a
- login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
+ cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option will override this and force
+ the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the shell is a
+ login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
- ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and
- operand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed
- of the primaries described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bS-\b-
+ ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and
+ operand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed
+ of the primaries described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bS-\b-
S\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and
ignore an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
- listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
pends on the number of arguments; see below. t\bte\bes\bst\bt uses operator
precedence when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
normal operator precedence.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed in
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed in
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
- operators listed in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bS-\b-
- S\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the result of the expression is the result of the
- binary test using the first and third arguments as
- operands. The -\b-a\ba and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary
- operators when there are three arguments. If the first
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ operators listed in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bS-\b-
+ S\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the result of the expression is the result of the
+ binary test using the first and third arguments as
+ operands. The -\b-a\ba and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary
+ operators when there are three arguments. If the first
argument is !\b!, the value is the negation of the two-argu-
- ment test using the second and third arguments. If the
+ ment test using the second and third arguments. If the
first argument is exactly (\b( and the third argument is ex-
- actly )\b), the result is the one-argument test of the sec-
+ actly )\b), the result is the one-argument test of the sec-
ond argument. Otherwise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
- arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and the
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and the
fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-argu-
- ment test of the second and third arguments. Otherwise,
- the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ ment test of the second and third arguments. Otherwise,
+ the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When the shell is in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, or if the expression is part of
+ When the shell is in posix mode, or if the expression is part of
the [\b[[\b[ command, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort using the current lo-
- cale. If the shell is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ com-
+ cale. If the shell is not in posix mode, the t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ com-
mands sort lexicographically using ASCII ordering.
- The historical operator-precedence parsing with 4 or more argu-
- ments can lead to ambiguities when it encounters strings that
- look like primaries. The POSIX standard has deprecated the -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo primaries and enclosing expressions within parentheses.
- Scripts should no longer use them. It's much more reliable to
- restrict test invocations to a single primary, and to replace
+ The historical operator-precedence parsing with 4 or more argu-
+ ments can lead to ambiguities when it encounters strings that
+ look like primaries. The POSIX standard has deprecated the -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo primaries and enclosing expressions within parentheses.
+ Scripts should no longer use them. It's much more reliable to
+ restrict test invocations to a single primary, and to replace
uses of -\b-a\ba and -\b-o\bo with the shell's &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| list operators.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bpP\bP] [[_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is a command that is read and executed when the shell
- receives any of the signals _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is absent (and
+ receives any of the signals _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is absent (and
there is a single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is reset
- to the value it had when the shell was started. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
- the null string the signal specified by each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored
+ to the value it had when the shell was started. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
+ the null string the signal specified by each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored
by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
+ If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
ated with each trapped signal as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands that can
- be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
- tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
- displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
+ be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
+ tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+ displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands
- that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
- dispositions. The -\b-P\bP option behaves similarly, but displays
- only the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. -\b-P\bP re-
- quires at least one _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. The -\b-P\bP or -\b-p\bp options may
- be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command substitution)
- and, as long as they are used before t\btr\bra\bap\bp is used to change a
+ that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
+ dispositions. The -\b-P\bP option behaves similarly, but displays
+ only the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. -\b-P\bP re-
+ quires at least one _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. The -\b-P\bP or -\b-p\bp options may
+ be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command substitution)
+ and, as long as they are used before t\btr\bra\bap\bp is used to change a
signal's handling, will display the state of its parent's traps.
- The -\b-l\bl option prints a list of signal names and their corre-
- sponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name defined
+ The -\b-l\bl option prints a list of signal names and their corre-
+ sponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name defined
in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insen-
- sitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional. If -\b-l\bl is supplied with
+ sitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional. If -\b-l\bl is supplied with
no _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc arguments, it prints a list of valid signal names.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0), _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit from the
- shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed before every
- _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command, _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, ((
- arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br com-
- mand, and before the first command executes in a shell function
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0), _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit from the
+ shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed before every
+ _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command, _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, ((
+ arithmetic command, [[ conditional command, arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br com-
+ mand, and before the first command executes in a shell function
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)). Refer to the description of the
- e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option (see s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)) for details of its
+ e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option (see s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1)) for details of its
effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is ex-
- ecuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the
+ ecuted each time a shell function or a script executed with the
.\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes executing.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a pipeline
- (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a
- compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the
- following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a pipeline
+ (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a
+ compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to the
+ following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command
- following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
- last (subject to the state of the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option), or if
+ following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
+ last (subject to the state of the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option), or if
the command's return value is being inverted using !\b!. These are
the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) option.
When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to
the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit
trapping signals ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not
- being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
- or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
+ being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
+ or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\btr\bru\bue\be Does nothing, returns a 0 status.
Indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if used as a command
name.
- If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a string which is one of
- _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias,
- shell reserved word, function, builtin, or executable file, re-
- spectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints nothing and
+ If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a string which is one of
+ _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias,
+ shell reserved word, function, builtin, or executable file, re-
+ spectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints nothing and
returns a non-zero exit status.
- If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the pathname of
- the executable file that would be found by searching $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or nothing if would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces
- a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, even if would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If
+ If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the pathname of
+ the executable file that would be found by searching $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or nothing if would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces
+ a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, even if would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is present in the table of hashed commands, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print
the hashed value, which is not necessarily the file that appears
first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH.
- If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that
- contain a command named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases, reserved
- words, functions, and builtins, but the path search options (-\b-p\bp
- and -\b-P\bP) can be supplied to restrict the output to executable
- files. t\bty\byp\bpe\be does not consult the table of hashed commands when
+ If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that
+ contain a command named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases, reserved
+ words, functions, and builtins, but the path search options (-\b-p\bp
+ and -\b-P\bP) can be supplied to restrict the output to executable
+ files. t\bty\byp\bpe\be does not consult the table of hashed commands when
using -\b-a\ba with -\b-p\bp, and only performs a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
- m\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if all of the arguments are
+ m\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if all of the arguments are
found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] -\b-a\ba
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] [-\b-b\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPR\bRT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
to processes it starts, on systems that allow such control.
- The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify whether the hard or soft limit is
+ The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify whether the hard or soft limit is
set for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by
a non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt sets both the soft and hard limits.
The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt can be a number in the unit specified for the
- resource or one of the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd,
- which stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit,
- and no limit, respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt prints
- the current value of the soft limit of the resource, unless the
- -\b-H\bH option is given. When more than one resource is specified,
- the limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the
+ resource or one of the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd,
+ which stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit,
+ and no limit, respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt prints
+ the current value of the soft limit of the resource, unless the
+ -\b-H\bH option is given. When more than one resource is specified,
+ the limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the
value. Other options are interpreted as follows:
-\b-a\ba Report all current limits; no limits are set.
-\b-b\bb The maximum socket buffer size.
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created.
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment.
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority (
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children.
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals.
-\b-k\bk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated.
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory.
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit).
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set).
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority.
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size.
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds.
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user.
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children.
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks.
-\b-P\bP The maximum number of pseudoterminals.
- -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
+ -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
blocking, in microseconds.
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads.
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is supplied, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is
- the new value of the specified resource. If no option is sup-
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is supplied, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is
+ the new value of the specified resource. If no option is sup-
plied, then -\b-f\bf is assumed.
- Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt, which is in
- seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of
- 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled
- values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and -\b-f\bf, which are in
- 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid
+ Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt, which is in
+ seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of
+ 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled
+ values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and -\b-f\bf, which are in
+ 512-byte increments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid
option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting
a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
- Set the user file-creation mask to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with a
+ Set the user file-creation mask to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with a
digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is in-
- terpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ terpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
_\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk prints the current value of
the mask. The -\b-S\bS option without a _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument prints the mask
in a symbolic format; the default output is an octal number. If
the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in
- a form that may be reused as input. The return status is zero
- if the mode was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was
+ a form that may be reused as input. The return status is zero
+ if the mode was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was
supplied, and non-zero otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, remove all alias definitions. The return value is
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, remove all alias definitions. The return value is
true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [-n\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell function, and the function definition is re-
- moved. If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable
- with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the
- variable it references. -\b-n\bn has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is
- supplied. Read-only variables and functions may not be unset.
- When variables or functions are removed, they are also removed
- from the environment passed to subsequent commands. If no op-
- tions are supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is
- no variable by that name, a function with that name, if any, is
- unset. Some shell variables may not be unset. If any of
+ and that variable is removed. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ refers to a shell function, and the function definition is re-
+ moved. If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable
+ with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the
+ variable it references. -\b-n\bn has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is
+ supplied. Read-only variables and functions may not be unset.
+ When variables or functions are removed, they are also removed
+ from the environment passed to subsequent commands. If no op-
+ tions are supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is
+ no variable by that name, a function with that name, if any, is
+ unset. Some shell variables may not be unset. If any of
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bB-\b-
- S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE,
- E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bC-\b-
- O\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are unset, they lose their special properties,
- even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE,
+ E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bC-\b-
+ O\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are unset, they lose their special properties,
+ even if they are subsequently reset. The exit status is true
unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly or may not be unset.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [-\b-p\bp _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bi_\bd ...]
Wait for each specified child process _\bi_\bd and return the termina-
- tion status of the last _\bi_\bd. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID _\bp_\bi_\bd or
- a job specification _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc; if a jobspec is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt
+ tion status of the last _\bi_\bd. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID _\bp_\bi_\bd or
+ a job specification _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc; if a jobspec is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt
waits for all processes in the job.
- If no options or _\bi_\bds are supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
- background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
+ If no options or _\bi_\bds are supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
+ background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
its process id is the same as $\b$!\b!, and the return status is zero.
- If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for any one of the
+ If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for any one of the
given _\bi_\bds or, if no _\bi_\bds are supplied, any job or process substi-
tution, to complete and returns its exit status. If none of the
- supplied _\bi_\bds is a child of the shell, or if no _\bi_\bds are supplied
- and the shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is
+ supplied _\bi_\bds is a child of the shell, or if no _\bi_\bds are supplied
+ and the shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is
127.
- If the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt assigns the process or job
- identifier of the job for which the exit status is returned to
- the variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The vari-
- able, which cannot be readonly, will be unset initially, before
- any assignment. This is useful only when used with the -\b-n\bn op-
+ If the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt assigns the process or job
+ identifier of the job for which the exit status is returned to
+ the variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The vari-
+ able, which cannot be readonly, will be unset initially, before
+ any assignment. This is useful only when used with the -\b-n\bn op-
tion.
- Supplying the -\b-f\bf option, when job control is enabled, forces
- w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for each _\bi_\bd to terminate before returning its sta-
+ Supplying the -\b-f\bf option, when job control is enabled, forces
+ w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for each _\bi_\bd to terminate before returning its sta-
tus, instead of returning when it changes status.
- If none of the _\bi_\bds specify one of the shell's active child
- processes, the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by
- a signal, any _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will remain unset, and the return status
+ If none of the _\bi_\bds specify one of the shell's active child
+ processes, the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by
+ a signal, any _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will remain unset, and the return status
will be greater than 128, as described under S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh(1).
Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last _\bi_\bd.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE
- Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
+ Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin (c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
- p\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibility
+ p\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibility
level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility level is
- intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that
- is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use
- current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu-
+ intended to allow users to select behavior from previous versions that
+ is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate scripts to use
+ current features and behavior. It's intended to be a temporary solu-
tion.
- This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
- lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the right hand
- side of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters
- in the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent ver-
+ This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
+ lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the right hand
+ side of the regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters
+ in the word, which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent ver-
sions).
- If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
- compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
- level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
- that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
- present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
- based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
+ If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
+ compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
+ level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
+ that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
+ present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
+ based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 will enable
- ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
- cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
- levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
+ ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
+ cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
+ levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
find out the current behavior.
- Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
+ Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte-
- ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
+ ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
patibility level.
Starting with bash-4.4, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh began deprecating older compatibility lev-
els. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT.
- Bash-5.0 was the final version for which there was an individual shopt
- option for the previous version. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is the only mechanism to
+ Bash-5.0 was the final version for which there was an individual shopt
+ option for the previous version. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is the only mechanism to
control the compatibility level in versions newer than bash-5.0.
- The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
+ The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
compatibility level setting. The c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN tag is used as shorthand for
setting the compatibility level to _\bN_\bN using one of the following mecha-
- nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
- set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
- later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
+ nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
+ set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
+ later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
quired for bash-5.1 and later versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
ator (=) has no special effect.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
- +\bo The <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
+ +\bo The <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
- +\bo The <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
+ +\bo The <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col-
- lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
+ lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- +\bo In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
+ +\bo In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre-
tation 267).
+\bo In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, the parser requires that an even number of
- single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
- quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
- that characters within the single quotes are considered
+ single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
+ quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
+ that characters within the single quotes are considered
quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
+\bo The replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu-
- tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
+ tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
sions after bash-4.2.
- +\bo In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
- expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
- expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
- other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
- tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
+ +\bo In posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
+ expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
+ expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
+ other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
+ tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
special within double-quoted word expansions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
- +\bo Word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
- that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
- mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
+ +\bo Word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
+ that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
+ mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
that cause the shell to exit).
- +\bo When executing a shell function, the loop state
+ +\bo When executing a shell function, the loop state
(while/until/etc.) is not reset, so b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in
that function will break or continue loops in the calling
context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
vent this.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- +\bo The shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
- parameters even if extended debugging mode is not en-
+ +\bo The shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
+ parameters even if extended debugging mode is not en-
abled.
- +\bo A subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
- b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
- Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
+ +\bo A subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
+ b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
+ Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
exit
- +\bo Variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ +\bo Variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
shell is not in posix mode.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
- duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibil-
+ +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
+ duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibil-
ity level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
- from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
- dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
+ from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
+ dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0.
- +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
- to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
- fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
- input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
+ +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
+ to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
+ fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
+ input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
tion is supplied.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b51\b1
- +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
- scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
- ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
+ +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
+ scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
+ ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
previous versions.
+\bo Arithmetic commands ( (\b((\b(...)\b))\b) ) and the expressions in an
arithmetic for statement can be expanded more than once.
- +\bo Expressions used as arguments to arithmetic operators in
- the [\b[[\b[ conditional command can be expanded more than
+ +\bo Expressions used as arguments to arithmetic operators in
+ the [\b[[\b[ conditional command can be expanded more than
once.
- +\bo The expressions in substring parameter brace expansion
+ +\bo The expressions in substring parameter brace expansion
can be expanded more than once.
+\bo The expressions in the $\b$(\b((\b(...)\b))\b) word expansion can be ex-
panded more than once.
- +\bo Arithmetic expressions used as indexed array subscripts
+ +\bo Arithmetic expressions used as indexed array subscripts
can be expanded more than once.
- +\bo t\bte\bes\bst\bt -\b-v\bv, when given an argument of A\bA[\b[@\b@]\b], where A\bA is an
+ +\bo t\bte\bes\bst\bt -\b-v\bv, when given an argument of A\bA[\b[@\b@]\b], where A\bA is an
existing associative array, will return true if the array
- has any set elements. Bash-5.2 will look for and report
+ has any set elements. Bash-5.2 will look for and report
on a key named @\b@.
+\bo The ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[\b[:\b:]\b]=\b=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be} word expansion will return
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, before any variable-specific transformations have
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, before any variable-specific transformations have
been performed (e.g., converting to lowercase). Bash-5.2
will return the final value assigned to the variable.
- +\bo Parsing command substitutions will behave as if extended
+ +\bo Parsing command substitutions will behave as if extended
globbing (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin above)
- is enabled, so that parsing a command substitution con-
+ is enabled, so that parsing a command substitution con-
taining an extglob pattern (say, as part of a shell func-
- tion) will not fail. This assumes the intent is to en-
- able extglob before the command is executed and word ex-
- pansions are performed. It will fail at word expansion
- time if extglob hasn't been enabled by the time the com-
+ tion) will not fail. This assumes the intent is to en-
+ able extglob before the command is executed and word ex-
+ pansions are performed. It will fail at word expansion
+ time if extglob hasn't been enabled by the time the com-
mand is executed.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b52\b2
- +\bo The t\bte\bes\bst\bt builtin uses its historical algorithm to parse
- parenthesized subexpressions when given five or more ar-
+ +\bo The t\bte\bes\bst\bt builtin uses its historical algorithm to parse
+ parenthesized subexpressions when given five or more ar-
guments.
- +\bo If the -\b-p\bp or -\b-P\bP option is supplied to the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin,
+ +\bo If the -\b-p\bp or -\b-P\bP option is supplied to the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin,
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd treats any arguments remaining after option process-
- ing as bindable command names, and displays any key se-
- quences bound to those commands, instead of treating the
+ ing as bindable command names, and displays any key se-
+ quences bound to those commands, instead of treating the
arguments as key sequences to bind.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
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-%%CreationDate: Thu Apr 4 17:50:31 2024
+%%CreationDate: Thu Oct 17 11:28:25 2024
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Italic
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-(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F0(name)
-3.08 E F1(whose)144 499.2 Q F0(value)2.508 E F1 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F0(value)
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-(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F3(Alias)6.314 E F1 1.314
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--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E
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-312 Q F1(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 312 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2(ser)184 324 Q(vice)-.1 E F1(Service names.)224 324
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336 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F2<ad6f>2.5
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672 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F2<ad6f>2.5
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--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 588 Q F2<ad53>144 600 Q F0(suf)2.5 E
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(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214ca-)-.15 F
-(tion.)144
136.8 Q F2(compopt)108 153.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad6f>A F0
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484.8 Q F2(compopt)108 501.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2<ad6f>A F0
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-(Modify completion options for each)144 165.6 R F0(name)2.947 E F1 .447
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-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 189.6 Q F0(name)
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-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.556 E F2<ad45>3.056 E F1 .557
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-(or after a command delimiter such as)144 261.6 Q F2(;)2.5 E F1(or)2.5 E
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-(va)-.4 G .431
-(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F
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-(traps from the calling shell.)180 120 Q(The trace attrib)5 E
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--.18 E F1(and)3.543 E F2(typeset)3.543 E F1(mak)3.543 E 3.543(ee)-.1 G
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-(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 381.6 Q
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(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180
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196.8 Q F2<ad76>
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F2(printf)2.51 E F1 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F0(ar)2.51 E
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-3.768 E F1 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B
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-(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q
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-(Rotates the stack so that the)180 84 R F0(n)3.42 E F1 .92
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+290.4 Q F2<ad>144 302.4 Q F0(n)A F1 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)
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(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
-F F2(dirs)180 96 Q F1 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E
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-(to the directory stack at the top)3.23 E .435
-(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144
124.8 R F2<ad6e>2.935 E
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+(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144
343.2 R F2<ad6e>2.935 E
F1 .434(option w)2.934 F .434(as not supplied,)-.1 F F2(pushd)2.934 E F1
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-(change to the directory at the top of the stack.)144 136.8 Q(If the)5 E
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F2(cd)2.5 E F1 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils,).1 E F2(pushd)2.5 E F1
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-(If the)144 194.4 R F2(pushd)3.777 E F1 1.277
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(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
-
247.2 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F1 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2
+
465.6 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F1 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2
.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F1 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2
(set)2.681 E F1 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264
-(enabled. If)144
259.2 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F1 .763
+(enabled. If)144
477.6 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F1 .763
(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
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--.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 283.2 Q F2 -.18(re)108
-
300 S(ad).18 E F1([)2.5 E F2(\255Eers)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad61>-2.5 E F0
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518.4 S(ad).18 E F1([)2.5 E F2(\255Eers)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad61>-2.5 E F0
(aname)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad64>-2.5 E F0(delim)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2
<ad69>-2.5 E F0(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F0(nc)2.5 E
(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad4e>-2.5 E F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)
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<ad74>-2.5 E F0(timeout)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F0(fd)2.5 E F1
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-(the)144 336 Q F2<ad75>2.6 E F1 .1(option, split into w)2.6 F .1
-(ords as described in)-.1 F F0(bash)2.601 E F1 .101(\(1\) under)2.601 F
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-F1 5.7(.I).18 G 3.2(ft)-5.7 G .7(here are fe)-3.2 F .7(wer w)-.25 F .7
-(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1
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-F 1.052(rules the shell uses for e)144 396 R 1.052
-(xpansion \(described in)-.15 F F0(bash)3.552 E F1 1.052(\(1\) under)
-3.552 F F2 -.75(Wo)3.552 G 1.052(rd Splitting).75 F F1 3.552(\). The)B
-(backslash)3.552 E .738(character \()144 408 R F2(\\)A F1 3.238(\)m)C
-.739(ay be used to remo)-3.238 F 1.039 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 1.039 -.15(ny s)
-.15 H .739(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .739
-(xt character read and for line)-.15 F 2.5(continuation. Options,)144
-420 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 432 Q F0(aname)2.5 E F1 1.026(The w)
-180 444 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)
--.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F0(aname)3.855 E F1 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025
-(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F F0(aname)180.33 456 Q F1(is unset before an)2.68
-E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E
-F0(name)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 468 Q
-F0(delim)2.5 E F1 .28(The \214rst character of)180 480 R F0(delim)2.78 E
-F1 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781
-(wline. If)-.25 F F0(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 492 Q F1(is the empty string,)
-2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1
-(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2
-<ad65>144 504 Q F1 .919
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 504 R F2 -.18(re)
-3.419 G(ad).18 E F1(uses)3.419 E F2 -.18(re)3.419 G(adline).18 E F1
-(\(see)3.419 E F3(READLINE)3.419 E F1(in)3.169 E F0(bash)180 516 Q F1
-.757(\(1\)\) to obtain the line.)B .757
-(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.757 F .758
-(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .758(as not)-.1 F(pre)180 528 Q
-(viously acti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)
--2.5 E(ut uses readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E
-(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2<ad45>144 540 Q F1 .919
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 540 R F2 -.18(re)
-3.419 G(ad).18 E F1(uses)3.419 E F2 -.18(re)3.419 G(adline).18 E F1
-(\(see)3.419 E F3(READLINE)3.419 E F1(in)3.169 E F0(bash)180 552 Q F1
-.757(\(1\)\) to obtain the line.)B .757
-(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.757 F .758
-(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .758(as not)-.1 F(pre)180 564 Q .042
-(viously acti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.542(\)e).15 G .042
-(diting settings, b)-2.542 F .042(ut uses bash')-.2 F 2.542(sd)-.55 G
-(ef)-2.542 E .042(ault completion, including program-)-.1 F
-(mable completion.)180 576 Q F2<ad69>144 588 Q F0(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F1
-(If)180 588 Q F2 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F1 .216
-(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F0(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F1 .216
-(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
--.25 F(ing be)180 600 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144 612 Q F0(nc)2.5 E(har)
--.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 624 S(ad).18 E F1 .323
-(returns after reading)2.823 F F0(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 .323
-(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323
-(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 636 Q
-(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
-E(s)-.1 E F1(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2
-<ad4e>144 648 Q F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 660 S(ad)
-.18 E F1 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F0(nc)3.769
-E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
-(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 672 R F2 -.18(re)2.775
-G(ad).18 E F1 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-)
-5.274 F 1.002
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 684 R
-F2 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F1 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F0(nc)3.503
-E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 .609(characters are read.)180 696 R .608
-(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F2(IFS)3.108 E F1
-3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 708 S .669
-(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
-(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67
-(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F2<ad72>180 720 Q F1(option belo)
-2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(14)
-190.95 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 15 15
+(])A([)108 530.4 Q F0(name)A F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E .146
+(Read one line from the standard input, or from the \214le descriptor)
+144 542.4 R F0(fd)2.645 E F1 .145(supplied as an ar)2.645 F .145
+(gument to the)-.18 F F2<ad75>144 554.4 Q F1 .77
+(option, split it into w)3.27 F .77(ords as described in)-.1 F F0(bash)
+3.27 E F1 .77(\(1\) under)3.27 F F2 -.75(Wo)3.27 G .77(rd Splitting).75
+F F1 3.27(,a)C .77(nd assign the \214rst)-3.27 F -.1(wo)144 566.4 S .674
+(rd to the \214rst).1 F F0(name)3.534 E F1 3.174(,t).18 G .674
+(he second w)-3.174 F .674(ord to the second)-.1 F F0(name)3.534 E F1
+3.174(,a).18 G .674(nd so on.)-3.174 F .673(If there are more w)5.673 F
+(ords)-.1 E .236(than names, the remaining w)144 578.4 R .237
+(ords and their interv)-.1 F .237
+(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F0(name)3.097 E F1
+5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 590.4 R .875(wer w)-.25
+F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \
+are assigned)-.1 F .515(empty v)144 602.4 R 3.015(alues. The)-.25 F .515
+(characters in the v)3.015 F .515(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF(IFS)3.015 E F1 -.25(va)2.765 G .516
+(riable are used to split the line into w).25 F(ords)-.1 E .982
+(using the same rules the shell uses for e)144 614.4 R .981
+(xpansion \(described in)-.15 F F0(bash)3.481 E F1 .981(\(1\) under)
+3.481 F F2 -.75(Wo)3.481 G .981(rd Splitting).75 F F1(\).)A .911
+(The backslash character \()144 626.4 R F2(\\)A F1 3.411(\)r)C(emo)
+-3.411 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.411(sa).15 G 1.211 -.15(ny s)-3.411 H .911
+(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .912(xt character read and is used)-.15
+F(for line continuation.)144 638.4 Q(Options, if supplied, ha)144 655.2
+Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144
+667.2 Q F0(aname)2.5 E F1 1.026(The w)180 679.2 R 1.026
+(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
+-.25 E F0(aname)3.855 E F1 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F
+F0(aname)180.33 691.2 Q F1(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
+-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F0(name)2.5 E F1
+(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 703.2 Q F0(delim)2.5 E
+F1 .502(The \214rst character of)180 715.2 R F0(delim)3.002 E F1 .503
+(terminates the input line, rather than ne)3.002 F 3.003(wline. If)-.25
+F F0(delim)3.003 E F1 .503(is the)3.003 F(empty string,)180 727.2 Q F2
+-.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1
+(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E
+(GNU Bash 5.2)72 768 Q(2023 January 27)141.79 E(15)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E
/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 91.21(\(1\) General).58 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E
F0 -.25(BA)93.71 G(SH_B).25 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS)-.2 E F1(\(1\)).58 E/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>144 84 Q F0(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F1(Display)180 96
-Q F0(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F1 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)
--.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161
-(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 108 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
-(nput. The)-2.5 F
-(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F2
-<ad72>144 120 Q F1 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-180 120 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F .493(the line.)180 132 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)
--.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493
-(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180
-144 Q F2<ad73>144 156 Q F1(Silent mode.)180 156 Q
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad65>144 84 Q F1 .919
+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 84 R F2 -.18(re)
+3.419 G(ad).18 E F1(uses)3.419 E F2 -.18(re)3.419 G(adline).18 E F1
+(\(see)3.419 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)3.419 E F1(in)3.169 E F0
+(bash)180 96 Q F1 .608(\(1\)\) to obtain the line.)B F2(Readline)5.608 E
+F1 .609(uses the current \(or def)3.109 F .609(ault, if line editing w)
+-.1 F .609(as not)-.1 F(pre)180 108 Q(viously acti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E(ut uses)-.2 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G
+(adline).18 E F1 1.1 -.55('s d)D(ef).55 E(ault \214lename completion.)
+-.1 E F2<ad45>144 120 Q F1 .919
+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 120 R F2 -.18(re)
+3.419 G(ad).18 E F1(uses)3.419 E F2 -.18(re)3.419 G(adline).18 E F1
+(\(see)3.419 E F3(READLINE)3.419 E F1(in)3.169 E F0(bash)180 132 Q F1
+.608(\(1\)\) to obtain the line.)B F2(Readline)5.608 E F1 .609
+(uses the current \(or def)3.109 F .609(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F
+.609(as not)-.1 F(pre)180 144 Q .042(viously acti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+2.542(\)e).15 G .042(diting settings, b)-2.542 F .042(ut uses bash')-.2
+F 2.542(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.542 E .042(ault completion, including program-)
+-.1 F(mable completion.)180 156 Q F2<ad69>144 168 Q F0(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E
+F1(If)180 168 Q F2 -.18(re)3.313 G(adline).18 E F1 .814
+(is being used to read the line,)3.313 F F2 -.18(re)3.314 G(ad).18 E F1
+(places)3.314 E F0(te)3.314 E(xt)-.2 E F1 .814(into the editing b)3.314
+F(uf)-.2 E .814(fer before)-.25 F(editing be)180 180 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2
+<ad6e>144 192 Q F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 204 S(ad)
+.18 E F1 .323(returns after reading)2.823 F F0(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)
+-.1 E F1 .323(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323
+(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F .736
+(put, unless it encounters EOF or)180 216 R F2 -.18(re)3.236 G(ad).18 E
+F1 .736(times out, b)3.236 F .737(ut honors a delimiter if it reads fe)
+-.2 F(wer)-.25 E(than)180 228 Q F0(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1
+(characters before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad4e>144 240 Q F0(nc)
+2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 252 S(ad).18 E F1 1.269
+(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F0(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E
+(s)-.1 E F1 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.269
+(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .172
+(line of input, unless it encounters EOF or)180 264 R F2 -.18(re)2.673 G
+(ad).18 E F1 .173(times out.)2.673 F(An)5.173 E 2.673(yd)-.15 G .173
+(elimiter characters in the)-2.673 F 1.246
+(input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 276 R F2 -.18(re)
+3.746 G(ad).18 E F1 1.245(to return until it has read)3.746 F F0(nc)
+3.745 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 2.566(characters. The)180 288 R .066
+(result is not split on the characters in)2.566 F F2(IFS)2.567 E F1
+2.567(;t)C .067(he intent is that the v)-2.567 F .067(ariable is)-.25 F
+.895(assigned e)180 300 R .895(xactly the characters read \(with the e)
+-.15 F .894(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F2<ad72>3.394 E F1
+(option)3.394 E(belo)180 312 Q(w\).)-.25 E F2<ad70>144 324 Q F0(pr)2.5 E
+(ompt)-.45 E F1(Display)180 336 Q F0(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F1 1.161
+(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
+-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 348 Q 2.5
+(yi)-.15 G(nput, b)-2.5 E(ut only if input is coming from a terminal.)
+-.2 E F2<ad72>144 360 Q F1 .544
+(Backslash does not act as an escape character)180 360 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G
+.543(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F .492(the line.)
+180 372 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992
+E .493(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)
+180 384 Q F2<ad73>144 396 Q F1(Silent mode.)180 396 Q
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F2
-<ad74>144 168 Q F0(timeout)2.5 E F1(Cause)180 180 Q F2 -.18(re)2.928 G
-(ad).18 E F1 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428
-(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561
-(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 192 R F0(timeout)3.061 E F1
-(seconds.)3.061 E F0(timeout)5.561 E F1 .56(may be a decimal number)
-3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 204 Q
-(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
-.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1 .506(is readin\
-g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-216 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 228 R .59
-(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F2 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F1 .589
-(times out,)3.09 F F2 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F1(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2
-G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
-(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 240 S(riable)
-.25 E F0(name)2.77 E F1 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F0(timeout)2.77 E F1 .27
-(is 0,)2.77 F F2 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F1 .27(returns immediately)2.77
-F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
-(ata.)-2.77 E .228(The e)180 252 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a)
--.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
-.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.727(rt)-2.728 G .227(he read will re-)-2.727 F
-1.224(turn EOF)180 264 R 3.724(,n)-.8 G 1.224(on-zero otherwise.)-3.724
-F 1.224(The e)6.224 F 1.225
-(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
-(ceeded.)180 276 Q F2<ad75>144 288 Q F0(fd)2.5 E F1
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 288 Q F0(fd)2.5 E F1(.)A
-(Other than the case where)144 304.8 Q F0(delim)2.5 E F1
-(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F1(ignores an)2.5
-E 2.5(yN)-.15 G(UL characters in the input.)-2.5 E .522(If no)144 321.6
-R F0(names)3.382 E F1 .522
-(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
-.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144
-333.6 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186
-(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F2 -.18
-(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F1 .961
-(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
-345.6 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706
-(signing to a readonly v)144 357.6 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
--.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)
-.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F2<ad75>144 369.6 Q F1(.)A F2 -.18(re)108
-386.4 S(adonly).18 E F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aAf)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E
-F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 2.5(].)C 1.666
-(..)-.834 G(])-1.666 E .77(The gi)144 398.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F0
-(names)3.27 E F1 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77
-(alues of these)-.25 F F0(names)3.63 E F1 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 410.4 R
-1.096(If the)6.096 F F2<ad66>3.596 E F1 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F0
-(names)3.597 E F1 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 422.4 Q 3.334(ed. The)
--.1 F F2<ad61>3.334 E F1 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
-(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
--3.334 F F2<ad41>3.334 E F1 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 434.4 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
-(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F2<ad41>3.277 E
-F1(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F0(name)
-3.637 E F1(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 446.4 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F2<ad70>3.021 E F1 .521
-(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
-.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 458.4 R(The)5.296 E F2
-<ad70>2.796 E F1(option)2.796 E .786
-(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 470.4 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-482.4 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F0(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
--3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F0(wor)
-3.218 E(d)-.37 E F1 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
--5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 494.4 R F0(names)3.12 E F1 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
--.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F2<ad66>2.76 E F1 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F0(name)144.36 506.4 Q F1
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2 -.18(re)108 523.2 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F1([)2.5 E F0(n)A F1(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 535.2 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
-(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F0(n)2.881 E F1 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
-5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F0(n)2.881 E F1 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 547.2 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
-F2 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F1 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 559.2 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
-(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
--2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 571.2 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F1 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F2(DEB)2.52
-E(UG)-.1 E F1 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 583.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F2 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F1 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke)
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-(re-)3.607 E(serv)184 264 Q .279(ed w)-.15 F .279(ords, part of an)-.1 F
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+(cuting one command.).15 E F2<ad75>144 288 Q F1 -.35(Tr)184 288 S .301
(eat unset v).35 F .301(ariables and parameters other than the special \
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(ables subscripted with or as an error when performing parameter e)184
-648 R 3.404(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)3.404 G(pan-).15 E 1.155
-(sion is attempted on an unset v)184 660 R 1.154(ariable or parameter)
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-(and, if not interacti)184 672 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G
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-(Print shell input lines as the)184 684 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
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+(Print shell input lines as the)184 336 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E
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+(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 372 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 E
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+-.55 E F2<ad42>144 384 Q F1 1.053(The shell performs brace e)184 384 R
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(bash)2.714 E F1 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214
(rwrite an e).15 F .214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F2(>)2.714 E F1
(,)A F2(>&)2.714 E F1 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F2(<>)2.713 E F1 .213
-(redirection opera-)2.713 F 3.053(tors. This)184 120 R .553(may be o)
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-(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 132 Q F2(>|)2.5 E F1(instead of)2.5 E F2(>)2.5 E F1(.)A F2
-<ad45>144 144 Q F1 .104(If set, an)184 144 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
+(redirection opera-)2.713 F 3.148(tors. Using)184 420 R .648
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+(rride this and force the cre-).15 F(ation of an output \214le.)184 432
+Q F2<ad45>144 444 Q F1 .104(If set, an)184 444 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
(rap on)-2.604 F F2(ERR)2.604 E F1 .103
(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
-F .838(mands e)184 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
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F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F2(ERR)3.338 E F1 .839
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 168 Q F2
-<ad48>144 180 Q F1(Enable)184 180 Q F2(!)3.032 E F1 .532
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 468 Q F2
+<ad48>144 480 Q F1(Enable)184 480 Q F2(!)3.032 E F1 .532
(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 192 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2<ad50>144 204 Q F1 .959
-(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 204 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 492 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F2<ad50>144 504 Q F1 .959
+(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 504 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
(cuting commands such as).15 F F2(cd)3.46 E F1 1.453
-(that change the current w)184 216 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453
+(that change the current w)184 516 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453
(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452
-(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 228 R(def)
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3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F2(bash)3.334 E F1(follo)3.334 E .834
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184
240 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad54>144
-252 Q F1 .89(If set, an)184 252 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F2
+(mands which change the current directory)184
540 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad54>144
+552 Q F1 .89(If set, an)184 552 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F2
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F1(and)3.39 E F2(RETURN)3.39 E F1 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 264 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 564 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F2(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F1(and)4.432 E F2(RETURN)184 276 Q F1
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F2<adad>144 288 Q
-F1 .401(If no ar)184 288 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G
-.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 300 Q F0
+(UG)-.1 E F1(and)4.432 E F2(RETURN)184 576 Q F1
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F2<adad>144 588 Q
+F1 .91(If no ar)184 588 R .909(guments follo)-.18 F 3.409(wt)-.25 G .909
+(his option, unset the positional parameters.)-3.409 F .909
+(Otherwise, set the)5.909 F(positional parameters to the)184 600 Q F0
(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F1(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F2<ad>2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad>144
-312 Q F1 .278(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 312 R
-F0(ar)2.779 E(g)-.37 E F1 2.779(st)C 2.779(ob)-2.779 G 2.779(ea)-2.779 G
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-R F2<ad78>3.022 E F1(and)3.022 E F2<ad76>3.022 E F1 .522
-(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no)
-3.022 F F0(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F1 .521(s, the positional para-)B
-(meters remain unchanged.)184 336 Q .425(The options are of)144 352.8 R
-2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
-(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
+612 Q F1 1.367(Signal the end of options, and assign all remaining)184
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+(he positional parameters.)-3.868 F(The)184 624 Q F2<ad78>2.849 E F1
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+(f. If)-.25 F .349(there are no)2.849 F F0(ar)2.849 E(g)-.37 E F1 .348
+(s, the positional parameters re-)B(main unchanged.)184 636 Q .425
+(The options are of)144 652.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)
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(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
-(to be turned of)144 364.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
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(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
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-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
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-.15 F F2($#)2.702 E F1(.)A(If)144 441.6 Q F0(n)3.462 E F1 .602
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)3.342 F(If)5.602 E F0(n)3.462 E F1
-.602(is not gi)3.342 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .602(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15
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-F .291(The return status is greater than zero if)5.29 F F0(n)3.151 E F1
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.639(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
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-(listed belo)144 506.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
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(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
F F2<ad6f>2.875 E F1 .375(option to the)2.875 F F2(set)2.875 E F1 -.2
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-(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F2<ad70>2.566 E F1 .066
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-F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 530.4 R F0
-(optnames)2.574 E F1 .074
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-(tions. The)144 542.4 R F2<ad70>3.105 E F1 .605(option causes output to\
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-E(options ha)144 554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
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-(Disable \(unset\) each)180 578.4 Q F0(optname)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad71>144
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-(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 614.4 Q F0(optnames)2.5 E
-F1(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F2<ad6f>144 626.4 Q F1
-(Restricts the v)180 626.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F0(optname)2.5 E F1
-(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F2<ad6f>2.5 E F1(option to the)2.5
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+(Disable \(unset\) each)180 242.4 Q F0(optname)2.5 E F1(.)A F2<ad71>144
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.696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
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+144 453.6 Q F1(Deprecated; a synon)184 465.6 Q(ym for)-.15 E F2
+(array_expand_once)2.5 E F1(.)A F2(autocd)144 477.6 Q F1 .2
+(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 477.6 R
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(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCONT)-.001 E F1 3.409(signal. A)3.159 F .909
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-([)108 201.6 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F2(])2.5 E F1 .877
-(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 201.6 R .878
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S(pr).2 E F1 5.53(.E).73 G .53
(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03
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-(primaries described in)144 225.6 R F0(bash)3.731 E F1 1.231
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(\(1\) under)B F3(CONDITION)3.731 E 1.231(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(test)5.731 E F1 1.232(does not accept an)3.731
-F(y)-.15 E(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 237.6 Q
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(test)5.731 E F1 1.231(does not accept an)3.731
+F(y)-.15 E(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 381.6 Q
(gument of)-.18 E F2<adad>2.5 E F1(as signifying the end of options.)2.5
-E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 254.4 R .785
-(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411
-(dence. The)144 266.4 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911
-(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F
-4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F
-(used when there are \214v)144 278.4 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G
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-F1 -.35(Tr)180 290.4 S(ue if).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(is f)3.23
-E(alse.)-.1 E F2(\()144 302.4 Q F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F2(\))2.5 E F1
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-E F1 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 314.4 Q F0 -.2
-(ex)144 326.4 S(pr1).2 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F1
--.35(Tr)180 338.4 S(ue if both).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F1(and)2.5
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-362.4 S(ue if either).35 E F0 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F1(or)2.5 E F0 -.2
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+(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E
(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E
-(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 396 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180
-408 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 420 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(ument).18 E(The e)180 432 Q(xpression is true if and only if the ar)
--.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 E 2.5(2a)144 444 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
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+(ument).18 E(The e)180 564 Q(xpression is true if and only if the ar)
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+(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 588 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)
2.87 E F1 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37
(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
-(gument is null.)-.18 F 1.683(If the \214rst ar)180 468 R 1.683
+(gument is null.)-.18 F 1.683(If the \214rst ar)180 600 R 1.683
(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed in)-.18 F F0
-(bash)4.182 E F1 1.682(\(1\) under)B F3(CONDITION)180 480 Q .121
+(bash)4.182 E F1 1.682(\(1\) under)B F3(CONDITION)180 612 Q .121
(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F1 .121(the e)2.371 F .122
(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .122
-(If the \214rst)5.122 F(ar)180 492 Q(gument is not a v)-.18 E
+(If the \214rst)5.122 F(ar)180 624 Q(gument is not a v)-.18 E
(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 504 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 516 R .236
+(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 636 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
+(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 648 R .236
(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236
(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .546
-(the binary conditional operators listed in)180 528 R F0(bash)3.046 E F1
+(the binary conditional operators listed in)180 660 R F0(bash)3.046 E F1
.546(\(1\) under)B F3(CONDITION)3.046 E .546(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)
-A F1 .888(the result of the e)180 540 R .888(xpression is the result of\
+A F1 .888(the result of the e)180 672 R .888(xpression is the result of\
the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E .433
-(ments as operands.)180
552 R(The)5.434 E F2<ad61>2.934 E F1(and)2.934 E
+(ments as operands.)180
684 R(The)5.434 E F2<ad61>2.934 E F1(and)2.934 E
F2<ad6f>2.934 E F1 .434
(operators are considered binary operators when there)2.934 F .646
-(are three ar)180 564 R 3.146(guments. If)-.18 F .646(the \214rst ar)
+(are three ar)180 696 R 3.146(guments. If)-.18 F .646(the \214rst ar)
3.146 F .646(gument is)-.18 F F2(!)3.146 E F1 3.146(,t)C .646(he v)
-3.146 F .645(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .645(tion of the tw)
.05 F(o-ar)-.1 E(gu-)-.18 E .451
-(ment test using the second and third ar)180 576 R 2.951(guments. If)
+(ment test using the second and third ar)180 708 R 2.951(guments. If)
-.18 F .451(the \214rst ar)2.951 F .451(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E
-F2(\()2.952 E F1 .452(and the)2.952 F 1.165(third ar)180 588 R 1.165
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-Q F1(The maximum size of a process')180 328.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
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-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 448.8 Q F2
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-Q F2<ad73>144 472.8 Q F1(The maximum stack size)180 472.8 Q F2<ad74>144
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+600 Q F2<ad69>144 612 Q F1(The maximum number of pending signals.)180
+612 Q F2<ad6b>144 624 Q F1
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-(mode w)144 84 Q(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F0(mode)2.5 E F1
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-1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F0(name)3.258 E F1 .758
-(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E F2<ad61>3.258 E
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+96 Q F1(The maximum stack size.)180 96 Q F2<ad74>144 108 Q F1
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds.)180 108 Q F2<ad75>144 120 Q
+F1(The maximum number of processes a)180 120 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
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+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children.)180
+144 Q F2<ad78>144 156 Q F1(The maximum number of \214le locks.)180 156 Q
+F2<ad50>144 168 Q F1(The maximum number of pseudoterminals.)180 168 Q F2
+<ad52>144 180 Q F1(The maximum time a real-time process can run before \
+blocking, in microseconds.)180 180 Q F2<ad54>144 192 Q F1
+(The maximum number of threads.)180 192 Q(If)144 208.8 Q F0(limit)3.061
+E F1 .471(is supplied, and the)3.651 F F2<ad61>2.971 E F1 .471
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(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F0(name)2.86 E F1
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(fv)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C F0(name)-2.5 E F1 1.666
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-1.303(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
-(If the)6.303 F F2<ad76>3.804 E F1 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F0(name)144.36 165.6 Q F1 .465
-(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
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--.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172
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+(BA)2.554 G(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)2.554 G(SH_SUB-).27 E
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+(xit status is true unless)-.15 F(a)144 588 Q F0(name)2.86 E F1
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F2(\255fn)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0(varname)2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F0
-(id)-2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.8(Wa)144 314.4 S .659(it for\
- each speci\214ed child process and return its termination status.).8 F
-(Each)5.659 E F0(id)3.169 E F1 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008
-(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 326.4 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009
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-F0(id)144.01 338.4 Q F1 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E
-F2(wait)2.942 E F1 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441
+(id)-2.5 E F1 1.666(...)2.5 G(])-1.666 E -.8(Wa)144 616.8 S 1.009
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(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597
-(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 350.4 R F2($!)3.098 E F1
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-Q F1 -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F0
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-E F0(id)3.083 E F1 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)
--.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 374.4 R
-.403(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
-(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573
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-(If the)5.573 F F2<ad70>3.072 E F1 .572(option is)3.072 F .39
-(supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)
-144 398.4 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
-144 410.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F0(varname)3.405 E F1 .905
-(named by the option ar)3.405 F 3.405(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.405 G
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-(an)144 422.4 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
-(is useful only when the)3.89 F F2<ad6e>3.89 E F1 1.39
-(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F2<ad66>3.89 E F1
-(option,)3.89 E .575(when job control is enabled, forces)144 434.4 R F2
-(wait)3.075 E F1 .575(to w)3.075 F .575(ait for)-.1 F F0(id)3.075 E F1
-.574(to terminate before returning its status, in-)3.075 F .635
-(stead of returning when it changes status.)144 446.4 R(If)5.635 E F0
-(id)3.145 E F1 .635(speci\214es a non-e)3.905 F .635
-(xistent process or job, the return)-.15 F .802(status is 127.)144 458.4
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-(scribed under)144 470.4 R F2(SIGN)4.258 E(ALS)-.2 E F1(in)4.258 E F0
-(bash)4.258 E F1 4.258(\(1\). Otherwise,)B 1.759
-(the return status is the e)4.259 F 1.759(xit status of the last)-.15 F
-(process or job w)144 482.4 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL COMP)72 499.2 Q -1.04(AT)-.81 G(IBILITY MODE)1.04
-E F1 1.355(Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a)108 511.2 R F0 1.355
-(shell compatibility le)3.855 F(vel)-.15 E F1 3.855(,s)C 1.354
-(peci\214ed as a set of options to the shopt)-3.855 F -.2(bu)108 523.2 S
-.621(iltin \().2 F F2(compat31)A F1(,)A F2(compat32)3.121 E F1(,)A F2
-(compat40)3.121 E F1(,)A F2(compat41)3.121 E F1 3.121(,a)C .621
-(nd so on\).)-3.121 F .622(There is only one current compatibility)5.622
-F(le)108 535.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.058<6c8a>.15 G .557
-(each option is mutually e)-.001 F(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.557
-(.T).15 G .557(he compatibility le)-5.557 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.057(li).15
-G 3.057(si)-3.057 G .557(ntended to allo)-3.057 F 3.057(wu)-.25 G .557
-(sers to select be-)-3.057 F(ha)108 547.2 Q 1.083(vior from pre)-.2 F
-1.083(vious v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions that is incompatible with ne)-.15 F
-1.083(wer v)-.25 F 1.083(ersions while the)-.15 F 3.584(ym)-.15 G 1.084
-(igrate scripts to use)-3.584 F(current features and beha)108 559.2 Q
-(vior)-.2 E 2.5(.I)-.55 G(t')-2.5 E 2.5(si)-.55 G
-(ntended to be a temporary solution.)-2.5 E 1.457
-(This section does not mention beha)108 576 R 1.457
-(vior that is standard for a particular v)-.2 F 1.456
-(ersion \(e.g., setting)-.15 F F2(compat32)3.956 E F1 .886
-(means that quoting the rhs of the re)108 588 R(ge)-.15 E .886
-(xp matching operator quotes special re)-.15 F(ge)-.15 E .887
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-(specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 232.8 Q
-(gument to the)-.18 E F3(history)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2
-E<83>108 249.6 Q .45
-(specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 249.6 R .449
-(gument to the)-.18 F F3<ad70>2.949 E F1 .449(option to the)2.949 F F3
-(hash)2.949 E F1 -.2(bu)2.949 G .449(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 261.6 Q
-<83>108 278.4 Q(importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144
-278.4 Q(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 295.2 Q(parsing the v)144
-295.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F4(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F1(from the shell en)2.25 E
-(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 312 Q(redirecting output using the >\
-, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)144 312 Q<83>108 328.8 Q
-(using the)144 328.8 Q F3(exec)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin command to replace the shell with another command).2 E<83>108
-345.6 Q(adding or deleting b)144 345.6 Q(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E
-F3<ad66>2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F3<ad64>2.5 E F1(options to the)2.5 E F3
-(enable)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 362.4 Q
-(using the)144 362.4 Q F3(enable)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins)-.2 E<83>108
-379.2 Q(specifying the)144 379.2 Q F3<ad70>2.5 E F1(option to the)2.5 E
-F3(command)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 396 Q
-(turning of)144 396 Q 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E F3
-(set +r)2.5 E F1(or)2.5 E F3(shopt \255u r)2.5 E(estricted_shell)-.18 E
-F1(.)A(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 412.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15
-G(tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E .429
-(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 429.6 R -.15
+(iltin command.).2 E<83>108 232.8 Q(Using the)144 232.8 Q F3<ad70>2.5 E
+F1(option to the)2.5 E F3(.)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)5 G
+(iltin command to specify a search path.).2 E<83>108 249.6 Q
+(Specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 249.6 Q
+(gument to the)-.18 E F3(history)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2
+E<83>108 266.4 Q .351
+(Specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 266.4 R .351
+(gument to the)-.18 F F3<ad70>2.851 E F1 .351(option to the)2.851 F F3
+(hash)2.851 E F1 -.2(bu)2.851 G .351(iltin com-).2 F(mand.)144 278.4 Q
+<83>108 295.2 Q(Importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144
+295.2 Q(vironment at startup.)-.4 E<83>108 312 Q -.15(Pa)144 312 S
+(rsing the v).15 E(alue of)-.25 E F4(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F1
+(from the shell en)2.25 E(vironment at startup.)-.4 E<83>108 328.8 Q(Re\
+directing output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operat\
+ors.)144 328.8 Q<83>108 345.6 Q(Using the)144 345.6 Q F3(exec)2.5 E F1
+-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command to replace the shell with another command.).2
+E<83>108 362.4 Q(Adding or deleting b)144 362.4 Q
+(uiltin commands with the)-.2 E F3<ad66>2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F3<ad64>2.5 E
+F1(options to the)2.5 E F3(enable)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.)
+.2 E<83>108 379.2 Q(Using the)144 379.2 Q F3(enable)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5
+G(iltin command to enable disabled shell b).2 E(uiltins.)-.2 E<83>108
+396 Q(Specifying the)144 396 Q F3<ad70>2.5 E F1(option to the)2.5 E F3
+(command)2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E<83>108 412.8 Q -.45
+(Tu)144 412.8 S(rning of).45 E 2.5(fr)-.25 G(estricted mode with)-2.5 E
+F3(set +r)2.5 E F1(or)2.5 E F3(shopt \255u r)2.5 E(estricted_shell)-.18
+E F1(.)A(These restrictions are enforced after an)108 429.6 Q 2.5(ys)
+-.15 G(tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E .429
+(When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 446.4 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E F3(rbash)2.929 E F1 .429(turns of)2.929 F 2.929
(fa)-.25 G .729 -.15(ny r)-2.929 H .429(estrictions in the shell).15 F
-(spa)108 441.6 Q(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E
-F2(SEE ALSO)72 458.4 Q F1(bash\(1\))108 470.4 Q 157.215(Bash-5.2 2021)72
+(spa)108 458.4 Q(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E
+F2(SEE ALSO)72 475.2 Q F1(bash\(1\))108 487.2 Q 157.215(Bash-5.2 2021)72
768 R(No)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 22).15 E(1)190.545 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
Copyright (C) 1988-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Mon Oct 14 11:41:52 EDT 2024
+@set LASTCHANGE Tue Oct 15 16:54:10 EDT 2024
@set EDITION 5.3
@set VERSION 5.3
-@set UPDATED 14 October 2024
+@set UPDATED 15 October 2024
@set UPDATED-MONTH October 2024
<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<!-- Created on October, 12 2024 by texi2html 1.64 -->
+<!-- Created on October, 17 2024 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="history.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 12 2024</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 17 2024</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 12 2024</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 17 2024</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
This is history.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.1 from
history.texi.
-This document describes the GNU History library (version 8.3, 10 October
+This document describes the GNU History library (version 8.3, 15 October
2024), a programming tool that provides a consistent user interface for
recalling lines of previously typed input.
-This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.26 (TeX Live 2024/MacPorts 2024.70613_0) (preloaded format=etex 2024.4.9) 12 OCT 2024 13:36
+This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.26 (TeX Live 2024/MacPorts 2024.70613_0) (preloaded format=etex 2024.4.9) 17 OCT 2024 11:28
entering extended mode
restricted \write18 enabled.
file:line:error style messages enabled.
%&-line parsing enabled.
**\nonstopmode \input ././history.texi
(././history.texi
-(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241011/lib/readline/doc/texinfo.tex
+(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241015/lib/readline/doc/texinfo.tex
Loading texinfo [version 2015-11-22.14]:
\outerhsize=\dimen16
\outervsize=\dimen17
texinfo.tex: doing @include of version.texi
-(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241011/lib/readline/doc/version.texi) [1] [2]
-(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241011/lib/readline/doc/history.toc) [-1]
+(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241015/lib/readline/doc/version.texi) [1] [2]
+(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241015/lib/readline/doc/history.toc) [-1]
texinfo.tex: doing @include of hsuser.texi
-(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241011/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 1
+(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241015/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 1
\openout0 = `history.toc'.
-(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241011/lib/readline/doc/history.aux)
+(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241015/lib/readline/doc/history.aux)
\openout1 = `history.aux'.
@cpindfile=@write2
])
texinfo.tex: doing @include of hstech.texi
- (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241011/lib/readline/doc/hstech.texi Chapter 2
+ (/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241015/lib/readline/doc/hstech.texi Chapter 2
[3
@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{1.1.3}{Modifiers}{3}
] [4
texinfo.tex: doing @include of fdl.texi
-(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241011/lib/readline/doc/fdl.texi [13
+(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241015/lib/readline/doc/fdl.texi [13
@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{A}{GNU Free Documentation License}{13
}
] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]) Appendix B [20] Appendix C [21
%!PS-Adobe-2.0
%%Creator: dvips(k) 2024.1 (TeX Live 2024) Copyright 2024 Radical Eye Software
%%Title: history.dvi
-%%CreationDate: Sat Oct 12 17:36:36 2024
+%%CreationDate: Thu Oct 17 15:28:47 2024
%%Pages: 25
%%PageOrder: Ascend
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 596 842
%DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com)
%DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -D 300 -o history.ps history.dvi
%DVIPSParameters: dpi=300
-%DVIPSSource: TeX output 2024.10.12:1336
+%DVIPSSource: TeX output 2024.10.17:1128
%%BeginProcSet: tex.pro 0 0
%!
/TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S
b(oundation)p 75 2570 1800 9 v eop end
%%Page: 2 2
TeXDict begin 2 1 bop 75 2207 a Fq(This)17 b(do)q(cumen)o(t)i(describ)q
-(es)f(the)g(GNU)g(History)f(library)f(\(v)o(ersion)h(8.3,)g(10)g(Octob)
+(es)f(the)g(GNU)g(History)f(library)f(\(v)o(ersion)h(8.3,)g(15)g(Octob)
q(er)i(2024\),)e(a)g(pro-)75 2262 y(gramming)10 b(to)q(ol)g(that)g(pro)
o(vides)h(a)g(consisten)o(t)f(user)i(in)o(terface)e(for)h(recalling)f
(lines)g(of)h(previously)g(t)o(yp)q(ed)75 2316 y(input.)75
line, it is treated as a newline.
N\bNO\bOT\bTA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- This section uses an emacs-style notation to denote keystrokes. Con-
- trol keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Similarly,
- _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X.
-
- On keyboards without a _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Es-
- cape key then the _\bx key. This makes ESC the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. The combina-
- tion M-C-_\bx means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the
- Control key while pressing the _\bx key.
-
- On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces meta characters with
- the eighth bit (0200) set (you can use the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by variable to
- control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it). On
- many others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the metafied
- key to a key sequence beginning with ESC as described in the preceding
+ This section uses Emacs-style editing concepts and uses its notation
+ for keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means
+ Control-N. Similarly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means
+ Meta-X. The Meta key is often labeled "Alt" or "Option".
+
+ On keyboards without a _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press and re-
+ lease the Escape key, then press and release the _\bx key, in sequence.
+ This makes ESC the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. The combination M-C-_\bx means ESC-Con-
+ trol-_\bx: press and release the Escape key, then press and hold the Con-
+ trol key while pressing the _\bx key, then release both.
+
+ On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with the
+ eighth bit (0200) set. You can use the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by variable to
+ control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it. On
+ many others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the metafied
+ key to a key sequence beginning with ESC as described in the preceding
paragraph.
- If your _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba key produces a key sequence with the ESC meta prefix, you
- can make M-_\bk_\be_\by key bindings you specify (see R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs be-
+ If your _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba key produces a key sequence with the ESC meta prefix, you
+ can make M-_\bk_\be_\by key bindings you specify (see R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs be-
low) do the same thing by setting the f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx variable.
- Readline commands may be given numeric _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, which normally act as
- a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
- that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
- acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) makes that command act
- in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments devi-
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be commands may be given numeric _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, which normally act as
+ a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
+ that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
+ acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) makes that command act
+ in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments devi-
ates from this are noted below.
+ The _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt is the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to a saved
+ cursor position. The text between the point and mark is referred to as
+ the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn.
+
When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
for possible future retrieval (_\by_\ba_\bn_\bk_\bi_\bn_\bg). The killed text is saved in a
_\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl _\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Consecutive kills accumulate the deleted text into one
separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.
I\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIA\bAL\bLI\bIZ\bZA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN F\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
- Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
(the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC environment variable. If that variable is unset, the de-
fault is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. If that file does not exist or cannot be read,
- readline looks for _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the read-
- line library starts up, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be reads the initialization file and sets
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be looks for _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be library starts up, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be reads the initialization file and sets
the key bindings and variables found there, before reading any user in-
put.
or
C-Meta-u: universal-argument
- into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
+ into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
_\bs_\ba_\bl_\b-_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt.
Key bindings may contain the following symbolic character names: _\bD_\bE_\bL,
- _\bE_\bS_\bC, _\bE_\bS_\bC_\bA_\bP_\bE, _\bL_\bF_\bD, _\bN_\bE_\bW_\bL_\bI_\bN_\bE, _\bR_\bE_\bT, _\bR_\bE_\bT_\bU_\bR_\bN, _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bS_\bP_\bA_\bC_\bE, _\bS_\bP_\bC, and _\bT_\bA_\bB.
+ _\bE_\bS_\bC, _\bE_\bS_\bC_\bA_\bP_\bE, _\bL_\bF_\bD, _\bN_\bE_\bW_\bL_\bI_\bN_\bE, _\bR_\bE_\bT, _\bR_\bE_\bT_\bU_\bR_\bN, _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT(a_\bd_\be_\bs_\bt_\br_\bu_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\bebackspace),
+ _\bS_\bP_\bA_\bC_\bE, _\bS_\bP_\bC, and _\bT_\bA_\bB.
- In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
+ In addition to command names, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be allows keys to be bound to a
string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo). The differ-
- ence between a macro and a command is that a macro is enclosed in sin-
+ ence between a macro and a command is that a macro is enclosed in sin-
gle or double quotes.
K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs
- The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
- All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
- and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The key sequence may
- be specified in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with
- _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba_\b- or _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl_\b- prefixes, or as a key sequence composed of one or
- more characters enclosed in double quotes. The key sequence and name
- are separated by a colon. There can be no whitespace between the name
+ The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
+ All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
+ and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The key sequence may
+ be specified in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with
+ _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba_\b- or _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl_\b- prefixes, or as a key sequence composed of one or
+ more characters enclosed in double quotes. The key sequence and name
+ are separated by a colon. There can be no whitespace between the name
and the colon.
When using the form k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be:_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, _\bk_\be_\by_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is the name
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "> output"
- In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
- _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
- run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
+ In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
+ _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
+ run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
text "> output" into the line).
- In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
- from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
- be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
- Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
+ In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
+ from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
+ be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
+ Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
none of the symbolic character names are recognized.
"\C-u": universal-argument
"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
In this example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is again bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt.
- _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
+ _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
bound to insert the text "Function Key 1".
- The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences available when speci-
+ The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences available when speci-
fying key sequences is
\\b\C\bC-\b- A control prefix.
- \\b\M\bM-\b- Adding the meta prefix or converting the following char-
- acter to a meta character, as described below under
+ \\b\M\bM-\b- Adding the meta prefix or converting the following char-
+ acter to a meta character, as described below under
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx.
\\b\e\be An escape character.
\\b\\\b\ Backslash.
\\b\"\b" Literal ", a double quote.
\\b\'\b' Literal ', a single quote.
- In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
+ In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
backslash escapes is available:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\r\br carriage return
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
- \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn The eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn The eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three digits).
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH The eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH The eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits).
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used
to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func-
- tion name. Tthe backslash escapes described above are expanded in the
- macro body. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
+ tion name. Tthe backslash escapes described above are expanded in the
+ macro body. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
text, including " and '.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh will display or modify the current readline key bindings with the
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh will display or modify the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key bindings with the
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin
- will change the editing mode during interactive use. Other programs
- using this library provide similar mechanisms. A user may always edit
- the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file and have readline re-read it if a program does not
+ will change the editing mode during interactive use. Other programs
+ using this library provide similar mechanisms. A user may always edit
+ the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file and have r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be re-read it if a program does not
provide any other means to incorporate new bindings.
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
- Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its behav-
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be has variables that can be used to further customize its behav-
ior. A variable may be set in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file with a statement of the
form
s\bse\bet\bt _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
- Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
- (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
- When readline reads a variable value, empty or null values, "on" (case-
- insensitive), and "1" are equivalent to O\bOn\bn. All other values are
+ Except where noted, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
+ (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
+ When r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be reads a variable value, empty or null values, "on" (case-
+ insensitive), and "1" are equivalent to O\bOn\bn. All other values are
equivalent to O\bOf\bff\bf.
The variables and their default values are:
a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br
- A string variable that controls the text color and background
- when displaying the text in the active region (see the descrip-
- tion of e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn below). This string must not take
+ A string variable that controls the text color and background
+ when displaying the text in the active region (see the descrip-
+ tion of e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn below). This string must not take
up any physical character positions on the display, so it should
- consist only of terminal escape sequences. It is output to the
- terminal before displaying the text in the active region. This
- variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal
- type changes. The default value is the string that puts the
- terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal's ter-
+ consist only of terminal escape sequences. It is output to the
+ terminal before displaying the text in the active region. This
+ variable is reset to the default value whenever the terminal
+ type changes. The default value is the string that puts the
+ terminal in standout mode, as obtained from the terminal's ter-
minfo description. A sample value might be "\e[01;33m".
a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br
- A string variable that "undoes" the effects of a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\be-\b-
- g\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br and restores "normal" terminal display appear-
- ance after displaying text in the active region. This string
- must not take up any physical character positions on the dis-
- play, so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences.
- It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the
- active region. This variable is reset to the default value
- whenever the terminal type changes. The default value is the
- string that restores the terminal from standout mode, as ob-
+ A string variable that "undoes" the effects of a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\be-\b-
+ g\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br and restores "normal" terminal display appear-
+ ance after displaying text in the active region. This string
+ must not take up any physical character positions on the dis-
+ play, so it should consist only of terminal escape sequences.
+ It is output to the terminal after displaying the text in the
+ active region. This variable is reset to the default value
+ whenever the terminal type changes. The default value is the
+ string that restores the terminal from standout mode, as ob-
tained from the terminal's terminfo description. A sample value
might be "\e[0m".
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be (\b(a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be)\b)
- Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
- bell. If set to n\bno\bon\bne\be, readline never rings the bell. If set to
- v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
- set to a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
+ Controls what happens when r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be wants to ring the terminal
+ bell. If set to n\bno\bon\bne\be, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be never rings the bell. If set to
+ v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses a visible bell if one is available. If
+ set to a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd-\b-t\btt\bty\by-\b-s\bsp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
- that are treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to
- their readline equivalents. These override the default readline
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be attempts to bind the control characters
+ that are treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to
+ their r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be equivalents. These override the default r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
bindings described here. Type "stty -a" at a b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prompt to see
- your current terminal settings, including the special control
+ your current terminal settings, including the special control
characters (usually c\bcc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs).
b\bbl\bli\bin\bnk\bk-\b-m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg-\b-p\bpa\bar\bre\ben\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, readline displays the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be displays the
common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ-
- ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
+ ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment variable. If there is a color defini-
- tion in $\b$L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS for the custom suffix "readline-colored-com-
- pletion-prefix", readline uses this color for the common prefix
+ tion in $\b$L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS for the custom suffix ".readline-colored-com-
+ pletion-prefix", r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses this color for the common prefix
instead of its default.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline displays possible completions using dif-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be displays possible completions using dif-
ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
tions are taken from the value of the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment
variable.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn (\b("#\b#")\b)
- The string that the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt command inserts.
+ The string that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt command inserts.
This command is bound to M\bM-\b-#\b# in emacs mode and to #\b# in vi com-
mand mode.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-w\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh (\b(-\b-1\b1)\b)
will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default
value is -1.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline performs filename matching and completion
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-m\bma\bap\bp-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, readline
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
treats hyphens (_\b-) and underscores (_\b_) as equivalent when per-
forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh (\b(0\b0)\b)
The maximum length in characters of the common prefix of a list
of possible completions that is displayed without modification.
- When set to a value greater than zero, readline replaces common
+ When set to a value greater than zero, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be replaces common
prefixes longer than this value with an ellipsis when displaying
possible completions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-q\bqu\bue\ber\bry\by-\b-i\bit\bte\bem\bms\bs (\b(1\b10\b00\b0)\b)
ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
- greater than or equal to the value of this variable, readline
+ greater than or equal to the value of this variable, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them; otherwise
- readline simply lists them on the terminal. A zero value means
- readline should never ask; negative values are treated as zero.
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be simply lists them on the terminal. A zero value means
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be should never ask; negative values are treated as zero.
c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters it reads that
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will convert characters it reads that
have the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by clearing the
eighth bit and prefixing it with an escape character (converting
- the character to have the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx). The default is _\bO_\bn, but
- readline will set it to _\bO_\bf_\bf if the locale contains characters
+ the character to have the meta prefix). The default is _\bO_\bn, but
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will set it to _\bO_\bf_\bf if the locale contains characters
whose encodings may include bytes with the eighth bit set. This
variable is dependent on the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE locale category, and may
change if the locale changes. This variable also affects key
bindings; see the description of f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx below.
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will inhibit word completion. Completion
characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
mapped to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo-\b-c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
- it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener-
+ it, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener-
ated from the keyboard.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
- Controls whether readline uses a set of key bindings similar to
+ Controls whether r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses a set of key bindings similar to
_\bE_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs or _\bv_\bi. e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be can be set to either e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or v\bvi\bi.
e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b(@\b@)\b)
If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode
string.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- The _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt is the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to a
- saved cursor position. The text between the point and mark is
- referred to as the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn. When this variable is set to _\bO_\bn,
- readline allows certain commands to designate the region as _\ba_\bc_\b-
- _\bt_\bi_\bv_\be. When the region is active, readline highlights the text
- in the region using the value of the a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br,
- which defaults to the string that enables the terminal's stand-
- out mode. The active region shows the text inserted by brack-
- eted-paste and any matching text found by incremental and non-
- incremental history searches.
+ When this variable is set to _\bO_\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be allows certain com-
+ mands to designate the region as _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be. When the region is ac-
+ tive, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be highlights the text in the region using the value
+ of the a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br, which defaults to the string
+ that enables the terminal's standout mode. The active region
+ shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any matching text
+ found by incremental and non-incremental history searches.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bck\bke\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-p\bpa\bas\bst\bte\be (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline configures the terminal to insert each
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be configures the terminal to insert each
paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters,
instead of treating each character as if it had been read from
the keyboard. This is called _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\bk_\be_\bt_\be_\bd_\b-_\bp_\ba_\bs_\bt_\be _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be; it prevents
- readline from executing any editing commands bound to key se-
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be from executing any editing commands bound to key se-
quences appearing in the pasted text.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-k\bke\bey\byp\bpa\bad\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable the application key-
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will try to enable the application key-
pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the ar-
row keys.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will try to enable any meta modifier
key the terminal claims to support. On many terminals, the Meta
key is used to send eight-bit characters; this variable checks
for the terminal capability that indicates the terminal can en-
(0200) if the Meta key is held down when the character is typed
(a meta character).
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline performs tilde expansion when it attempts
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be performs tilde expansion when it attempts
word completion.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline modifies its behavior when binding key
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be modifies its behavior when binding key
sequences containing \M- or Meta- (see K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs above) by
converting a key sequence of the form \M-_\bC or Meta-_\bC to the two-
- character sequence E\bES\bSC\bC_\bC (adding the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx). If
- f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx is set to O\bOf\bff\bf (the default), readline uses the
+ character sequence E\bES\bSC\bC _\bC (adding the meta prefix). If
+ f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx is set to O\bOf\bff\bf (the default), r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses the
value of the c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba variable to determine whether to per-
- form this conversion: if c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba is O\bOn\bn, readline performs
- the conversion described above; if it is O\bOf\bff\bf, readline converts
+ form this conversion: if c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba is O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be performs
+ the conversion described above; if it is O\bOf\bff\bf, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be converts
_\bC to a meta character by setting the eighth bit (0200).
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bes\bse\ber\brv\bve\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
to a non-numeric value will set the maximum number of history
entries to 500.
h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- Setting this variable to O\bOn\bn makes readline use a single line for
+ Setting this variable to O\bOn\bn makes r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be use a single line for
display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen
line when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than
wrapping to a new line. This setting is automatically enabled
for terminals of height 1.
i\bin\bnp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads), re-
gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The de-
- fault is _\bO_\bf_\bf, but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale con-
+ fault is _\bO_\bf_\bf, but r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale con-
tains characters whose encodings may include bytes with the
eighth bit set. This variable is dependent on the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE lo-
cale category, and its value may change if the locale changes.
mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
ters _\bE_\bS_\bC and _\bC_\b-_\bJ will terminate an incremental search.
k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
- Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
+ Set the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be keymap. The set of valid keymap names
is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
value of e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be also affects the default keymap.
k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq-\b-t\bti\bim\bme\beo\bou\but\bt (\b(5\b50\b00\b0)\b)
- Specifies the duration _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait for a character when
+ Specifies the duration r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will wait for a character when
reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional
- input to complete a longer key sequence). If readline does not
+ input to complete a longer key sequence). If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be does not
receive any input within the timeout, it will use the shorter
but complete key sequence. The value is specified in millisec-
- onds, so a value of 1000 means that readline will wait one sec-
+ onds, so a value of 1000 means that r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will wait one sec-
ond for additional input. If this variable is set to a value
- less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, readline
+ less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
will wait until another key is pressed to decide which key se-
quence to complete.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed directory names have a slash appended.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline displays history lines that have been
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be displays history lines that have been
modified with a preceding asterisk (*\b*).
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc-
tories have a slash appended, subject to the value of m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bi-\b-
r\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs.
m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bid\bdd\bde\ben\bn-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, forces readline to match files
+ This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, forces r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be to match files
whose names begin with a "." (hidden files) when performing
filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the user must include the
leading "." in the filename to be completed.
list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling
through the list.
o\bou\but\btp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will display characters with the eighth
bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence.
- The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf, but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale
+ The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf, but r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale
contains characters whose encodings may include bytes with the
eighth bit set. This variable is dependent on the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE lo-
cale category, and its value may change if the locale changes.
p\bpa\bag\bge\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
play a screenful of possible completions at a time.
p\bpr\bre\bef\bfe\ber\br-\b-v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-b\bbe\bel\bll\bl
See b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bll\bly\by (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will display completions with matches
sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
screen.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-a\bat\bt-\b-n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when executing a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be. By default, his-
tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
across calls to r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be(\b()\b).
s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline performs incremental and non-incremental
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be performs incremental and non-incremental
history list searches in a case-insensitive fashion.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
- readline does not insert characters from the completion that
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be does not insert characters from the completion that
match characters after point in the word being completed, so
portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
v\bvi\bi-\b-c\bcm\bmd\bd-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b((\b(c\bcm\bmd\bd)\b))\b)
pletions.
C\bCo\bon\bnd\bdi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\btr\bru\buc\bct\bts\bs
- Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
are four parser directives available.
$\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
- readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator,
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be. The text of the test, after any comparison operator,
extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no char-
acters are required to isolate it.
m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
- whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
+ whether r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for in-
stance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
- _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
+ _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is starting out in
emacs mode.
t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn
The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn test may be used to perform comparisons
- against specific readline versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
- to the current readline version. The set of comparison
+ against specific r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
+ to the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be version. The set of comparison
operators includes =\b=, (and =\b==\b=), !\b!=\b=, <\b<=\b=, >\b>=\b=, <\b<, and >\b>.
The version number supplied on the right side of the op-
erator consists of a major version number, an optional
_\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
The _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn construct is used to include application-
- specific settings. Each program using the readline li-
+ specific settings. Each program using the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be li-
brary sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
file can test for a particular value. This could be used
to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
_\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be
The _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be construct provides simple equality tests for
- readline variables and values. The permitted comparison
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variables and values. The permitted comparison
operators are _\b=, _\b=_\b=, and _\b!_\b=. The variable name must be
separated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the
operator may be separated from the value on the right
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
S\bSE\bEA\bAR\bRC\bCH\bHI\bIN\bNG\bG
- Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be provides commands for searching through the command history
for lines containing a specified string. There are two search modes:
_\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl and _\bn_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl.
Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
- search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
- line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed
+ search string. As each character of the search string is typed, r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed
so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
needed to find the desired history entry. When using emacs editing
mode, type C\bC-\b-r\br to search backward in the history for a particular
To find other matching entries in the history list, type C\bC-\b-r\br or C\bC-\b-s\bs as
appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the history for
the next entry matching the search string typed so far. Any other key
- sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and exe-
+ sequence bound to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command will terminate the search and exe-
cute that command. For instance, a newline will terminate the search
and accept the line, thereby executing the command from the history
list. A movement command will terminate the search, make the last line
found the current line, and begin editing.
- Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two C\bC-\b-r\brs are
+ R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be remembers the last incremental search string. If two C\bC-\b-r\brs are
typed without any intervening characters defining a new search string,
- readline uses any remembered search string.
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be uses any remembered search string.
Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
to search for matching history entries. The search string may be typed
In the following descriptions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor posi-
tion, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk com-
mand. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the _\br_\be_\b-
- _\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn. Readline has the concept of an _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn: when the region is
- active, readline redisplay uses the value of the a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\be-\b-
- g\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be t\bto\bo d\bde\ben\bno\bot\bte\be t\bth\bhe\be r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn.\b. S\bSe\bev\bve\ber\bra\bal\bl c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs s\bse\bet\bt
- t\bth\bhe\be r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn t\bto\bo a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be;\b; t\bth\bho\bos\bse\be a\bar\bre\be n\bno\bot\bte\bed\bd b\bbe\bel\blo\bow\bw.\b.
+ _\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn. R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be has the concept of an _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn: when the region is
+ active, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be redisplay highlights the region using the value of the
+ a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bol\blo\bor\br variable. The e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn variable
+ turns this on and off. Several commands set the region to active;
+ those are noted below.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg
b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-a\ba)\b)
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired
- effect if the current readline line does not take up more than
+ effect if the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line does not take up more than
one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of
the prompt plus the screen width.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
next physical screen line. This will not have the desired ef-
- fect if the current readline line does not take up more than one
- physical line or if the length of the current readline line is
+ fect if the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line does not take up more than one
+ physical line or if the length of the current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line is
not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
Clear the screen and, if possible, the terminal's scrollback
_\be_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bo_\bf_\b-_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be (\b(u\bus\bsu\bua\bal\bll\bly\by C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
_\bs_\bt_\bt_\by(1). If this character is read when there are no characters
- on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, readline
+ on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
interprets it as the end of input and returns E\bEO\bOF\bF.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the
same character as the tty E\bEO\bOF\bF character, as C\bC-\b-d\bd commonly is, see
- above for the effects.
+ above for the effects. This may also be bound to the Delete key
+ on some keyboards.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bck\bke\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-p\bpa\bas\bst\bte\be-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
This function is intended to be bound to the "bracketed paste"
escape sequence sent by some terminals, and such a binding is
- assigned by default. It allows readline to insert the pasted
+ assigned by default. It allows r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be to insert the pasted
text as a single unit without treating each character as if it
had been read from the keyboard. The pasted characters are in-
serted as if each one was bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt instead of exe-
back to filename completion. G\bGd\bdb\bb, on the other hand, allows
completion of program functions and variables, and only attempts
filename completion under certain circumstances. The default
- readline completion is filename completion.
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be completion is filename completion.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-?\b?)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point. When
- displaying completions, readline sets the number of columns used
+ displaying completions, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be sets the number of columns used
for display to the value of c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-w\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh, the value
of the environment variable C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS, or the screen width, in
that order.
those defined for keys like Home and End. CSI sequences begin
with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this
sequence is bound to "\e[", keys producing CSI sequences will
- have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
+ have no effect unless explicitly bound to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command,
instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-#\b#)\b)
- Without a numeric argument, insert the value of the readline
+ Without a numeric argument, insert the value of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable at the beginning of the current line. If
a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:
if the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the
causes the comment character to be removed, the line will be ex-
ecuted by the shell.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
- Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
- line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out-
+ Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out-
put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
Print all of the settable variables and their values to the
- readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
- Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output to the readline output stream. If a numeric
+ Print all of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output to the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be output stream. If a numeric
argument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a way that
it can be made part of an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcu\but\bte\be-\b-n\bna\bam\bme\bed\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-x\bx)\b)
- Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute
+ Read a bindable r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be command name from the input and execute
the function to which it's bound, as if the key sequence to
which it was bound appeared in the input. If this function is
supplied with a numeric argument, it passes that argument to the
function it executes.
e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs-\b-e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(C\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
- When in v\bvi\bi command mode, this switches readline to e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs editing
+ When in v\bvi\bi command mode, this switches r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be to e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs editing
mode.
v\bvi\bi-\b-e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-j\bj)\b)
When in e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs editing mode, this switches to v\bvi\bi editing mode.
tion by _\bs_\bt_\bt_\by(1) or the terminal driver, such as C-Z or C-C, retain that
function. Upper and lower case metafied characters are bound to the
same function in the emacs mode meta keymap. The remaining characters
- are unbound, which causes readline to ring the bell (subject to the
+ are unbound, which causes r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be to ring the bell (subject to the
setting of the b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be variable).
E\bEm\bma\bac\bcs\bs M\bMo\bod\bde\be
chet.ramey@case.edu
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
- If you find a bug in r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be,\b, you should report it. But first, you
+ If you find a bug in r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be, you should report it. But first, you
should make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the
latest version of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library that you have.
is read with a non\-empty line, it is treated as a newline.
.SH NOTATION
.LP
-This section uses an emacs-style notation to denote keystrokes.
+This section uses Emacs-style editing concepts and uses its
+notation for keystrokes.
Control keys are denoted by C\-\fIkey\fP, e.g., C\-n means Control\-N.
Similarly,
.I meta
keys are denoted by M\-\fIkey\fP, so M\-x means Meta\-X.
+The Meta key is often labeled
+.Q Alt
+or
+.Q Option .
.PP
On keyboards without a
.I Meta
-key, M\-\fIx\fP means ESC \fIx\fP, i.e., press the Escape key
-then the
+key, M\-\fIx\fP means ESC \fIx\fP, i.e., press and release
+the Escape key, then press and release the
.I x
-key.
+key, in sequence.
This makes ESC the \fImeta prefix\fP.
-The combination M\-C\-\fIx\fP means ESC\-Control\-\fIx\fP,
-or press the Escape key
-then hold the Control key while pressing the
+The combination M\-C\-\fIx\fP means ESC\-Control\-\fIx\fP:
+press and release the Escape key,
+then press and hold the Control key while pressing the
.I x
-key.
+key, then release both.
.PP
-On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces meta characters with
-the eighth bit (0200) set (you can use the \fBenable\-meta\-key\fP variable
-to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it).
+On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with
+the eighth bit (0200) set.
+You can use the \fBenable\-meta\-key\fP variable
+to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it.
On many others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the metafied
key to a key sequence beginning with ESC as described in the
preceding paragraph.
.B "Readline Key Bindings"
below) do the same thing by setting the \fBforce\-meta\-prefix\fP variable.
.PP
-Readline commands may be given numeric
+.B Readline
+commands may be given numeric
.IR arguments ,
which normally act as a repeat count.
Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument that is significant.
Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted
below.
.PP
+The \fIpoint\fP is the current cursor position, and \fImark\fP refers
+to a saved cursor position.
+The text between the point and mark is referred to as the \fIregion\fP.
+.PP
When a command is described as \fIkilling\fP text, the text
deleted is saved for possible future retrieval
(\fIyanking\fP).
on the kill ring.
.SH INITIALIZATION FILE
.LP
-Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization
+.B Readline
+is customized by putting commands in an initialization
file (the \fIinputrc\fP file).
The name of this file is taken from the value of the
.B INPUTRC
environment variable.
If that variable is unset, the default is
.IR \*~/.inputrc .
-If that file does not exist or cannot be read, readline looks for
+If that file does not exist or cannot be read, \fBreadline\fP looks for
.IR /etc/inputrc .
-When a program which uses the readline library starts up,
+When a program which uses the \fBreadline\fP library starts up,
\fBreadline\fP reads the initialization file
and sets the key bindings and variables found there,
before reading any user input.
.LP
into the
.I inputrc
-would make M\-C\-u execute the readline command
+would make M\-C\-u execute the \fBreadline\fP command
.IR universal\-argument .
.PP
Key bindings may contain the following symbolic character names:
and
.IR TAB .
.PP
-In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound
+In addition to command names, \fBreadline\fP allows keys to be bound
to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a \fImacro\fP).
The difference between a macro and a command is that a macro is
enclosed in single or double quotes.
including \*" and \*'.
.PP
.B Bash
-will display or modify the current readline key bindings with the
+will display or modify the current \fBreadline\fP key bindings with the
.B bind
builtin command.
The
Other programs using this library provide similar mechanisms.
A user may always edit the
.I inputrc
-file and have readline re-read it if a program does not provide
+file and have \fBreadline\fP re-read it if a program does not provide
any other means to incorporate new bindings.
.SS Variables
-Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its
+.B Readline
+has variables that can be used to further customize its
behavior.
A variable may be set in the
.I inputrc
\fBset\fP \fIvariable\-name\fP \fIvalue\fP
.RE
.PP
-Except where noted, readline variables can take the values
+Except where noted, \fBreadline\fP variables can take the values
.B On
or
.B Off
(without regard to case).
Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
-When readline reads a variable value, empty or null values,
+When \fBreadline\fP reads a variable value, empty or null values,
.Q "on"
(case-insensitive), and
.Q 1
.Q \ee[0m .
.TP
.B bell\-style (audible)
-Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
-If set to \fBnone\fP, readline never rings the bell.
-If set to \fBvisible\fP, readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
-If set to \fBaudible\fP, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
+Controls what happens when \fBreadline\fP wants to ring the terminal bell.
+If set to \fBnone\fP, \fBreadline\fP never rings the bell.
+If set to \fBvisible\fP, \fBreadline\fP uses a visible bell if one is available.
+If set to \fBaudible\fP, \fBreadline\fP attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
.TP
.B bind\-tty\-special\-chars (On)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline attempts to bind
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP attempts to bind
the control characters that are treated specially by the kernel's
-terminal driver to their readline equivalents.
-These override the default readline bindings described here.
+terminal driver to their \fBreadline\fP equivalents.
+These override the default \fBreadline\fP bindings described here.
Type
.Q "stty \-a"
at a \fBbash\fP prompt to see your current terminal settings,
including the special control characters (usually \fBcchars\fP).
.TP
.B blink\-matching\-paren (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.
.TP
.B colored\-completion\-prefix (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, when listing completions, readline displays the
+If set to \fBOn\fP, when listing completions, \fBreadline\fP displays the
common prefix of the set of possible completions using a different color.
The color definitions are taken from the value of the \fBLS_COLORS\fP
environment variable.
If there is a color definition in \fB$LS_COLORS\fP for the custom suffix
-.Q readline-colored-completion-prefix ,
-readline uses this color for
+.Q .readline-colored-completion-prefix ,
+\fBreadline\fP uses this color for
the common prefix instead of its default.
.TP
.B colored\-stats (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline displays possible completions using different
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP displays possible completions using different
colors to indicate their file type.
The color definitions are taken from the value of the \fBLS_COLORS\fP
environment variable.
.TP
.BR comment\-begin\ ( \c
.Q \fB#\fP \fB)\fP
-The string that the readline
+The string that the \fBreadline\fP
.B insert\-comment
command inserts.
This command is bound to
The default value is \-1.
.TP
.B completion\-ignore\-case (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline performs filename matching and completion
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP performs filename matching and completion
in a case\-insensitive fashion.
.TP
.B completion\-map\-case (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, and \fBcompletion\-ignore\-case\fP is enabled, readline
+If set to \fBOn\fP, and \fBcompletion\-ignore\-case\fP is enabled,
+\fBreadline\fP
treats hyphens (\fI\-\fP) and underscores (\fI_\fP) as equivalent when
performing case\-insensitive filename matching and completion.
.TP
The maximum
length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
completions that is displayed without modification.
-When set to a value greater than zero, readline
+When set to a value greater than zero, \fBreadline\fP
replaces common prefixes longer than this value
with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
.TP
It may be set to any integer value greater than or equal to zero.
If the number of possible completions is greater than
or equal to the value of this variable,
-readline will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them;
-otherwise readline simply lists them on the terminal.
-A zero value means readline should never ask; negative values are
+\fBreadline\fP will ask whether or not the user wishes to view them;
+otherwise \fBreadline\fP simply lists them on the terminal.
+A zero value means \fBreadline\fP should never ask; negative values are
treated as zero.
.TP
.B convert\-meta (On)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will convert characters it reads
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will convert characters it reads
that have the eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by
clearing the eighth bit and prefixing it with an escape character
-(converting the character to have the \fImeta prefix\fP).
-The default is \fIOn\fP, but readline will set it to \fIOff\fP
+(converting the character to have the meta prefix).
+The default is \fIOn\fP, but \fBreadline\fP will set it to \fIOff\fP
if the locale contains
characters whose encodings may include bytes with the eighth bit set.
This variable is dependent on the \fBLC_CTYPE\fP locale category, and
\fBforce\-meta\-prefix\fP below.
.TP
.B disable\-completion (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will inhibit word completion.
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will inhibit word completion.
Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they
had been mapped to \fBself-insert\fP.
.TP
.B echo\-control\-characters (On)
When set to \fBOn\fP, on operating systems that indicate they support it,
-readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal generated from the
+\fBreadline\fP echoes a character corresponding to a signal generated from the
keyboard.
.TP
.B editing\-mode (emacs)
-Controls whether readline uses a set of key bindings similar
+Controls whether \fBreadline\fP uses a set of key bindings similar
to \fIEmacs\fP or \fIvi\fP.
.B editing\-mode
can be set to either
sequence into the mode string.
.TP
.B enable\-active\-region (On)
-The \fIpoint\fP is the current cursor position, and \fImark\fP refers
-to a saved cursor position.
-The text between the point and mark is referred to as the \fIregion\fP.
-When this variable is set to \fIOn\fP, readline allows certain commands
+When this variable is set to \fIOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP allows certain commands
to designate the region as \fIactive\fP.
-When the region is active, readline highlights the text in the region using
+When the region is active, \fBreadline\fP highlights
+the text in the region using
the value of the \fBactive\-region\-start\-color\fP, which defaults to the
string that enables the terminal's standout mode.
The active region shows the text inserted by bracketed-paste and any
matching text found by incremental and non-incremental history searches.
.TP
.B enable\-bracketed\-paste (On)
-When set to \fBOn\fP, readline configures the terminal to insert each
+When set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP configures the terminal to insert each
paste into the editing buffer as a single string of characters, instead
of treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard.
This is called \fIbracketed\-paste mode\fP;
-it prevents readline from executing any editing commands bound to key
+it prevents \fBreadline\fP from executing any editing commands bound to key
sequences appearing in the pasted text.
.TP
.B enable\-keypad (Off)
-When set to \fBOn\fP, readline will try to enable the application
+When set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will try to enable the application
keypad when it is called.
Some systems need this to enable the arrow keys.
.TP
.B enable\-meta\-key (On)
-When set to \fBOn\fP, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
+When set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will try to enable any meta modifier
key the terminal claims to support.
On many terminals, the Meta key is used to send eight-bit characters;
this variable checks for the terminal capability that indicates the
typed (a meta character).
.TP
.B expand\-tilde (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline performs tilde expansion when it
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP performs tilde expansion when it
attempts word completion.
.TP
.B force\-meta\-prefix (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline modifies its behavior when binding key
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP modifies its behavior when binding key
sequences containing \eM- or Meta-
(see \fBKey Bindings\fP above) by converting a key sequence of the form
\eM\-\fIC\fP or Meta\-\fIC\fP to the two-character sequence
-\fBESC\fP\fIC\fP (adding the \fImeta prefix\fP).
+\fBESC\fP \fIC\fP (adding the meta prefix).
If
.B force\-meta\-prefix
is set to \fBOff\fP (the default),
-readline uses the value of the
+\fBreadline\fP uses the value of the
.B convert\-meta
variable to determine whether to perform this conversion:
if \fBconvert\-meta\fP is \fBOn\fP,
-readline performs the conversion described above;
-if it is \fBOff\fP, readline converts \fIC\fP to a meta character by
+\fBreadline\fP performs the conversion described above;
+if it is \fBOff\fP, \fBreadline\fP converts \fIC\fP to a meta character by
setting the eighth bit (0200).
.TP
.B history\-preserve\-point (Off)
the maximum number of history entries to 500.
.TP
.B horizontal\-scroll\-mode (Off)
-Setting this variable to \fBOn\fP makes readline use a single line
+Setting this variable to \fBOn\fP makes \fBreadline\fP use a single line
for display, scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line
when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to
a new line.
This setting is automatically enabled for terminals of height 1.
.TP
.B input\-meta (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads),
regardless of what the terminal claims it can support.
-The default is \fIOff\fP, but readline will set it to \fIOn\fP
+The default is \fIOff\fP, but \fBreadline\fP will set it to \fIOn\fP
if the locale contains characters whose encodings may include bytes
with the eighth bit set.
This variable is dependent on the \fBLC_CTYPE\fP locale category, and
\fIESC\fP and \fIC\-J\fP will terminate an incremental search.
.TP
.B keymap (emacs)
-Set the current readline keymap.
+Set the current \fBreadline\fP keymap.
The set of valid keymap names is
\fIemacs, emacs\-standard, emacs\-meta, emacs\-ctlx, vi,
vi\-command\fP, and
also affects the default keymap.
.TP
.B keyseq\-timeout (500)
-Specifies the duration \fIreadline\fP will wait for a character when
+Specifies the duration \fBreadline\fP will wait for a character when
reading an ambiguous key sequence
(one that can form a complete key sequence using the input read so far,
or can take additional input to complete a longer key sequence).
-If readline does not receive any input within the timeout, it will use the
-shorter but complete key sequence.
+If \fBreadline\fP does not receive any input within the timeout,
+it will use the shorter but complete key sequence.
The value is specified in milliseconds, so a value of 1000 means that
-readline will wait one second for additional input.
+\fBreadline\fP will wait one second for additional input.
If this variable is set to a value less than or equal to zero, or to a
-non-numeric value, readline will wait until another key is pressed to
+non-numeric value, \fBreadline\fP will wait until another key is pressed to
decide which key sequence to complete.
.TP
.B mark\-directories (On)
If set to \fBOn\fP, completed directory names have a slash appended.
.TP
.B mark\-modified\-lines (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline displays history lines that have been modified
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP displays history lines
+that have been modified
with a preceding asterisk (\fB*\fP).
.TP
.B mark\-symlinked\-directories (Off)
have a slash appended, subject to the value of \fBmark\-directories\fP.
.TP
.B match\-hidden\-files (On)
-This variable, when set to \fBOn\fP, forces readline to match files whose
+This variable, when set to \fBOn\fP, forces \fBreadline\fP to match files whose
names begin with a
.Q .
(hidden files) when performing filename completion.
the list.
.TP
.B output\-meta (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will display characters with the
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will display characters with the
eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
sequence.
-The default is \fIOff\fP, but readline will set it to \fIOn\fP
+The default is \fIOff\fP, but \fBreadline\fP will set it to \fIOn\fP
if the locale contains characters whose encodings may include
bytes with the eighth bit set.
This variable is dependent on the \fBLC_CTYPE\fP locale category, and
its value may change if the locale changes.
.TP
.B page\-completions (On)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline uses an internal \fImore\fP-like pager
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP uses an internal \fImore\fP-like pager
to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
.TP
.B prefer\-visible\-bell
See \fBbell\-style\fP.
.TP
.B print\-completions\-horizontally (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will display completions with matches
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will display completions with matches
sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen.
.TP
.B revert\-all\-at\-newline (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when executing \fBaccept\-line\fP.
By default,
history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across
calls to \fBreadline()\fP.
.TP
.B search\-ignore\-case (Off)
-If set to \fBOn\fP, readline performs incremental and non-incremental
+If set to \fBOn\fP, \fBreadline\fP performs incremental and non-incremental
history list searches in a case\-insensitive fashion.
.TP
.B show\-all\-if\-ambiguous (Off)
If set to \fBOn\fP, this alters the default completion behavior when
inserting a single match into the line.
It's only active when performing completion in the middle of a word.
-If enabled, readline does not insert characters from the completion
+If enabled, \fBreadline\fP does not insert characters from the completion
that match characters after point in the word being completed,
so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
.TP
completions.
.PD
.SS Conditional Constructs
-Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+.B Readline
+implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key
bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result
of tests.
.B $if
construct allows bindings to be made based on the
editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
-readline.
+\fBreadline\fP.
The text of the test, after any comparison operator,
extends to the end of the line;
unless otherwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.
.TP
.B mode
The \fBmode=\fP form of the \fB$if\fP directive is used to test
-whether readline is in emacs or vi mode.
+whether \fBreadline\fP is in emacs or vi mode.
This may be used in conjunction
with the \fBset keymap\fP command, for instance, to set bindings in
the \fIemacs\-standard\fP and \fIemacs\-ctlx\fP keymaps only if
-readline is starting out in emacs mode.
+\fBreadline\fP is starting out in emacs mode.
.TP
.B term
The \fBterm=\fP form may be used to include terminal-specific
.TP
.B version
The \fBversion\fP test may be used to perform comparisons against
-specific readline versions.
-The \fBversion\fP expands to the current readline version.
+specific \fBreadline\fP versions.
+The \fBversion\fP expands to the current \fBreadline\fP version.
The set of comparison operators includes
.BR = ,
(and
.I application
The \fIapplication\fP construct is used to include
application-specific settings.
-Each program using the readline
+Each program using the \fBreadline\fP
library sets the \fIapplication name\fP, and an initialization
file can test for a particular value.
This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for
.RE
.TP
.I variable
-The \fIvariable\fP construct provides simple equality tests for readline
+The \fIvariable\fP construct provides simple equality tests for \fBreadline\fP
variables and values.
The permitted comparison operators are \fI=\fP, \fI==\fP, and \fI!=\fP.
The variable name must be separated from the comparison operator by
.fi
.RE
.SH SEARCHING
-Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+.B Readline
+provides commands for searching through the command history
for lines containing a specified string.
There are two search modes:
.I incremental
.PP
Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
search string.
-As each character of the search string is typed, readline displays
+As each character of the search string is typed, \fBreadline\fP displays
the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far.
An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to
find the desired history entry.
\fBC\-s\fP as appropriate.
This will search backward or forward in the history for the next
entry matching the search string typed so far.
-Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate
+Any other key sequence bound to a \fBreadline\fP command will terminate
the search and execute that command.
For instance, a newline will terminate the search and accept
the line, thereby executing the command from the history list.
A movement command will terminate the search, make the last line found
the current line, and begin editing.
.PP
-Readline remembers the last incremental search string.
+.B Readline
+remembers the last incremental search string.
If two \fBC\-r\fPs are typed without any intervening characters defining
-a new search string, readline uses any remembered search string.
+a new search string, \fBreadline\fP uses any remembered search string.
.PP
Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
to search for matching history entries.
position, and \fImark\fP refers to a cursor position saved by the
\fBset\-mark\fP command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the \fIregion\fP.
-Readline has the concept of an \fIactive region\fP:
-when the region is active, readline redisplay uses the
-value of the \fBactive\-region\-start\-color variable
-to denote the region.
+.B Readline
+has the concept of an \fIactive region\fP:
+when the region is active, \fBreadline\fP redisplay
+highlights the region using the
+value of the \fBactive-region-start-color\fP variable.
+The \fBenable\-active\-region\fP variable turns this on and off.
Several commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
.SS Commands for Moving
.PD 0
Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the previous
physical screen line.
This will not have the desired effect if the current
-readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if point is not
-greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
+\fBreadline\fP line does not take up more than one physical line or if
+point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
.TP
.B next\-screen\-line
Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the next
physical screen line.
This will not have the desired effect if the current
-readline line does not take up more than one physical line or if the length
-of the current readline line is not greater than the length of the prompt
+\fBreadline\fP line does not take up more than one physical line or if
+the length of the current \fBreadline\fP line is
+not greater than the length of the prompt
plus the screen width.
.TP
.B clear\-display (M\-C\-l)
The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
.IR stty (1).
If this character is read when there are no characters
-on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, readline
+on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, \fBreadline\fP
interprets it as the end of input and returns
.SM
.BR EOF .
.Q "bracketed paste"
escape
sequence sent by some terminals, and such a binding is assigned by default.
-It allows readline to insert the pasted text as a single unit without treating
-each character as if it had been read from the keyboard.
+It allows \fBreadline\fP to insert the pasted text as a single unit
+without treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard.
The pasted characters
are inserted as if each one was bound to \fBself\-insert\fP instead of
executing any editing commands.
on the other hand,
allows completion of program functions and variables, and
only attempts filename completion under certain circumstances.
-The default readline completion is filename completion.
+The default \fBreadline\fP completion is filename completion.
.TP
.B possible\-completions (M\-?)
List the possible completions of the text before point.
-When displaying completions, readline sets the number of columns used
+When displaying completions, \fBreadline\fP sets the number of columns used
for display to the value of \fBcompletion-display-width\fP, the value of
the environment variable
.BR COLUMNS ,
If this sequence is bound to
.Q \ee[ ,
keys producing CSI sequences will have no effect
-unless explicitly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting
+unless explicitly bound to a \fBreadline\fP command, instead of inserting
stray characters into the editing buffer.
This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC\-[.
.TP
.B insert\-comment (M\-#)
-Without a numeric argument, insert the value of the readline
+Without a numeric argument, insert the value of the \fBreadline\fP
.B comment\-begin
variable at the beginning of the current line.
If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if
.TP
.B dump\-functions
Print all of the functions and their key bindings
-to the readline output stream.
+to the \fBreadline\fP output stream.
If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an \fIinputrc\fP file.
.TP
.B dump\-variables
Print all of the settable variables and their values
-to the readline output stream.
+to the \fBreadline\fP output stream.
If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an \fIinputrc\fP file.
.TP
.B dump\-macros
-Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+Print all of the \fBreadline\fP key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output
-to the readline output stream.
+to the \fBreadline\fP output stream.
If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an \fIinputrc\fP file.
.TP
.B execute\-named\-command (M-x)
-Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute the
+Read a bindable \fBreadline\fP command name from the input and execute the
function to which it's bound, as if the key sequence to which it was
bound appeared in the input.
If this function is supplied with a numeric argument, it passes that
.B emacs\-editing\-mode (C\-e)
When in
.B vi
-command mode, this switches readline to
+command mode, this switches \fBreadline\fP to
.B emacs
editing mode.
.TP
retain that function.
Upper and lower case metafied characters are bound to the same function in
the emacs mode meta keymap.
-The remaining characters are unbound, which causes readline
+The remaining characters are unbound, which causes \fBreadline\fP
to ring the bell (subject to the setting of the
.B bell\-style
variable).
chet.ramey@case.edu
.SH BUG REPORTS
If you find a bug in
-.B readline,
+.BR readline ,
you should report it. But first, you should
make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
version of the
<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<!-- Created on October, 11 2024 by texi2html 1.64 -->
+<!-- Created on October, 18 2024 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
<!--docid::SEC2::-->
<P>
-The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
-keystrokes.
+The following paragraphs use Emacs style to
+describe the notation used to represent keystrokes.
</P><P>
The text <KBD>C-k</KBD> is read as `Control-K' and describes the character
The text <KBD>M-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character
produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <KBD>k</KBD>
-key is pressed (a <EM>meta character</EM>).
-The Meta key is labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> on many keyboards.
+key is pressed (a <EM>meta character</EM>), then both are released.
+The Meta key is labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> or <KBD>Option</KBD> on many keyboards.
On keyboards with two keys labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> (usually to either side of
the space bar), the <KBD>ALT</KBD> on the left side is generally set to
work as a Meta key.
-The <KBD>ALT</KBD> key on the right may also be configured to work as a
-Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a
+One of the <KBD>ALT</KBD> keys may also be configured
+as some other modifier, such as a
Compose key for typing accented characters.
</P><P>
-On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces meta characters with
+On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with
the eighth bit (0200) set.
You can use the <CODE>enable-meta-key</CODE> variable
to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it.
The name of this file is taken from the value of the
environment variable <CODE>INPUTRC</CODE>.
If that variable is unset, the default is <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>.
-If that file does not exist or cannot be read, readline looks for
+If that file does not exist or cannot be read, Readline looks for
<TT>`/etc/inputrc'</TT>.
</P><P>
The color definitions are taken from the value of the <CODE>LS_COLORS</CODE>
environment variable.
If there is a color definition in <CODE>LS_COLORS</CODE> for the custom suffix
-<SAMP>`readline-colored-completion-prefix'</SAMP>, Readline uses this color for
+<SAMP>`.readline-colored-completion-prefix'</SAMP>, Readline uses this color for
the common prefix instead of its default.
The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
The maximum
length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
completions that is displayed without modification.
-When set to a value greater than zero, readline
+When set to a value greater than zero, Readline
replaces common prefixes longer than this value
with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
<P>
(see <CODE>Key Bindings</CODE> in <A HREF="readline.html#SEC10">1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A>)
by converting a key sequence of the form
<KBD>\M-</KBD><VAR>C</VAR> or <CODE>Meta-</CODE><VAR>C</VAR> to the two-character sequence
-<KBD>ESC</KBD><VAR>C</VAR> (adding the meta prefix).
+<KBD>ESC</KBD> <VAR>C</VAR> (adding the meta prefix).
If <CODE>force-meta-prefix</CODE> is set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> (the default),
Readline uses the value of the <CODE>convert-meta</CODE> variable to determine
whether to perform this conversion:
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, this alters the default completion behavior when
inserting a single match into the line.
It's only active when performing completion in the middle of a word.
-If enabled, readline does not insert characters from the completion
+If enabled, Readline does not insert characters from the completion
that match characters after point in the word being completed,
so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
For instance, if this is enabled, attempting completion when the cursor
<VAR>NEWLINE</VAR>,
<VAR>RET</VAR>,
<VAR>RETURN</VAR>,
-<VAR>RUBOUT</VAR>,
+<VAR>RUBOUT</VAR> (a destructive backspace),
<VAR>SPACE</VAR>,
<VAR>SPC</VAR>,
and
<CODE>set-mark</CODE> command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <EM>region</EM>.
Readline has the concept of an <EM>active region</EM>:
-when the region is active, Readline redisplay uses the
-value of the <CODE>active-region-start-color</CODE> variable
-to denote the region.
+when the region is active,
+Readline redisplay highlights the region using the
+value of the <CODE>active-region-start-color</CODE> variable.
+The <CODE>enable-active-region</CODE> variable turns this on and off.
Several commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
</P><P>
If this function is bound to the
same character as the tty EOF character, as <KBD>C-d</KBD>
commonly is, see above for the effects.
+This may also be bound to the Delete key on some keyboards.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX111"></A>
<A NAME="IDX221"></A>
<DT><CODE>execute-named-command (M-x)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX222"></A>
-Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute the
+Read a bindable Readline command name from the input and execute the
function to which it's bound, as if the key sequence to which it was
bound appeared in the input.
If this function is supplied with a numeric argument, it passes that
them to disable any Readline editing function they might normally have,
this line may include embedded newlines and other special characters.
If <VAR>prompt</VAR> is <CODE>NULL</CODE> or the empty string,
-<CODE>readline</CODE> does not display a prompt.
-The line <CODE>readline</CODE> returns is allocated with <CODE>malloc()</CODE>;
+<CODE>readline()</CODE> does not display a prompt.
+The line <CODE>readline()</CODE> returns is allocated with <CODE>malloc()</CODE>;
the caller should <CODE>free()</CODE> the line when it has finished with it.
The declaration for <CODE>readline</CODE> in ANSI C is
</P><P>
This means that lines consisting of a newline return the empty string.
</P><P>
-If <CODE>readline</CODE> encounters an <CODE>EOF</CODE> while reading the line,
+If Readline encounters an <CODE>EOF</CODE> while reading the line,
and the line is empty at that point,
-then <CODE>readline</CODE> returns <CODE>(char *)NULL</CODE>.
+then <CODE>readline()</CODE> returns <CODE>(char *)NULL</CODE>.
Otherwise, the line is ended just as if a newline had been typed.
</P><P>
<DL>
<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_hook_func_t * <B>rl_startup_hook</B>
<DD>If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call just
-before <CODE>readline</CODE> prints the first prompt.
+before Readline prints the first prompt.
</DL>
</P><P>
<DL>
<DT><U>Variable:</U> rl_hook_func_t * <B>rl_pre_input_hook</B>
<DD>If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call after
-the first prompt has been printed and just before <CODE>readline</CODE>
+the first prompt has been printed and just before Readline
starts reading input characters.
</DL>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_COMPLETING</CODE>
<DD>Readline is performing word completion.
<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER</CODE>
-<DD>Readline is currently executing the readline signal handler.
+<DD>Readline is currently executing the Readline signal handler.
<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_UNDOING</CODE>
<DD>Readline is performing an undo.
<DT><CODE>RL_STATE_INPUTPENDING</CODE>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="readline.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 11 2024</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 18 2024</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 11 2024</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 18 2024</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
This is readline.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.1 from rlman.texi.
-This manual describes the GNU Readline Library (version 8.3, 10 October
+This manual describes the GNU Readline Library (version 8.3, 15 October
2024), a library which aids in the consistency of user interface across
discrete programs which provide a command line interface.
1.1 Introduction to Line Editing
================================
-The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
-keystrokes.
+The following paragraphs use Emacs style to describe the notation used
+to represent keystrokes.
The text ‘C-k’ is read as 'Control-K' and describes the character
produced when the <k> key is pressed while the Control key is depressed.
The text ‘M-k’ is read as 'Meta-K' and describes the character
produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <k>
-key is pressed (a “meta character”). The Meta key is labeled <ALT> on
-many keyboards. On keyboards with two keys labeled <ALT> (usually to
-either side of the space bar), the <ALT> on the left side is generally
-set to work as a Meta key. The <ALT> key on the right may also be
-configured to work as a Meta key or may be configured as some other
-modifier, such as a Compose key for typing accented characters.
-
- On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces meta characters
-with the eighth bit (0200) set. You can use the ‘enable-meta-key’
-variable to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows
-it. On many others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the
-metafied key to a key sequence beginning with <ESC> as described in the
-next paragraph.
+key is pressed (a “meta character”), then both are released. The Meta
+key is labeled <ALT> or <Option> on many keyboards. On keyboards with
+two keys labeled <ALT> (usually to either side of the space bar), the
+<ALT> on the left side is generally set to work as a Meta key. One of
+the <ALT> keys may also be configured as some other modifier, such as a
+Compose key for typing accented characters.
+
+ On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with the
+eighth bit (0200) set. You can use the ‘enable-meta-key’ variable to
+control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it. On many
+others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the metafied key to a
+key sequence beginning with <ESC> as described in the next paragraph.
If you do not have a Meta or <ALT> key, or another key working as a
Meta key, you can generally achieve the latter effect by typing <ESC>
directory. The name of this file is taken from the value of the
environment variable ‘INPUTRC’. If that variable is unset, the default
is ‘~/.inputrc’. If that file does not exist or cannot be read,
-readline looks for ‘/etc/inputrc’.
+Readline looks for ‘/etc/inputrc’.
When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, Readline
reads the init file and sets any variables and key bindings it contains.
different color. The color definitions are taken from the
value of the ‘LS_COLORS’ environment variable. If there is a
color definition in ‘LS_COLORS’ for the custom suffix
- ‘readline-colored-completion-prefix’, Readline uses this color
- for the common prefix instead of its default. The default is
- ‘off’.
+ ‘.readline-colored-completion-prefix’, Readline uses this
+ color for the common prefix instead of its default. The
+ default is ‘off’.
‘colored-stats’
If set to ‘on’, Readline displays possible completions using
‘completion-prefix-display-length’
The maximum length in characters of the common prefix of a
list of possible completions that is displayed without
- modification. When set to a value greater than zero, readline
+ modification. When set to a value greater than zero, Readline
replaces common prefixes longer than this value with an
ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
key sequences containing ‘\M-’ or ‘Meta-’ (see ‘Key Bindings’
in *note Readline Init File Syntax::) by converting a key
sequence of the form ‘\M-’C or ‘Meta-’C to the two-character
- sequence ‘ESC’C (adding the meta prefix). If
+ sequence ‘ESC’ C (adding the meta prefix). If
‘force-meta-prefix’ is set to ‘off’ (the default), Readline
uses the value of the ‘convert-meta’ variable to determine
whether to perform this conversion: if ‘convert-meta’ is ‘on’,
If set to ‘on’, this alters the default completion behavior
when inserting a single match into the line. It's only active
when performing completion in the middle of a word. If
- enabled, readline does not insert characters from the
+ enabled, Readline does not insert characters from the
completion that match characters after point in the word being
completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are
not duplicated. For instance, if this is enabled, attempting
This key binding syntax recognizes a number of symbolic
character names: DEL, ESC, ESCAPE, LFD, NEWLINE, RET, RETURN,
- RUBOUT, SPACE, SPC, and TAB.
+ RUBOUT (a destructive backspace), SPACE, SPC, and TAB.
"KEYSEQ": FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO
KEYSEQ differs from KEYNAME above in that strings denoting an
position, and “mark” refers to a cursor position saved by the ‘set-mark’
command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the
“region”. Readline has the concept of an _active region_: when the
-region is active, Readline redisplay uses the value of the
-‘active-region-start-color’ variable to denote the region. Several
-commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
+region is active, Readline redisplay highlights the region using the
+value of the ‘active-region-start-color’ variable. The
+‘enable-active-region’ variable turns this on and off. Several commands
+set the region to active; those are noted below.
\1f
File: readline.info, Node: Commands For Moving, Next: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands
‘delete-char (C-d)’
Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the
same character as the tty EOF character, as ‘C-d’ commonly is, see
- above for the effects.
+ above for the effects. This may also be bound to the Delete key on
+ some keyboards.
‘backward-delete-char (Rubout)’
Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means
default.
‘execute-named-command (M-x)’
- Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute
+ Read a bindable Readline command name from the input and execute
the function to which it's bound, as if the key sequence to which
it was bound appeared in the input. If this function is supplied
with a numeric argument, it passes that argument to the function it
enter characters into the line while quoting them to disable any
Readline editing function they might normally have, this line may
include embedded newlines and other special characters. If PROMPT is
-‘NULL’ or the empty string, ‘readline’ does not display a prompt. The
-line ‘readline’ returns is allocated with ‘malloc()’; the caller should
-‘free()’ the line when it has finished with it. The declaration for
-‘readline’ in ANSI C is
+‘NULL’ or the empty string, ‘readline()’ does not display a prompt. The
+line ‘readline()’ returns is allocated with ‘malloc()’; the caller
+should ‘free()’ the line when it has finished with it. The declaration
+for ‘readline’ in ANSI C is
char *readline (const char *PROMPT);
the final newline removed, so only the text remains. This means that
lines consisting of a newline return the empty string.
- If ‘readline’ encounters an ‘EOF’ while reading the line, and the
-line is empty at that point, then ‘readline’ returns ‘(char *)NULL’.
+ If Readline encounters an ‘EOF’ while reading the line, and the line
+is empty at that point, then ‘readline()’ returns ‘(char *)NULL’.
Otherwise, the line is ended just as if a newline had been typed.
Readline performs some expansion on the PROMPT before it is displayed
-- Variable: rl_hook_func_t * rl_startup_hook
If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call just before
- ‘readline’ prints the first prompt.
+ Readline prints the first prompt.
-- Variable: rl_hook_func_t * rl_pre_input_hook
If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call after the
- first prompt has been printed and just before ‘readline’ starts
+ first prompt has been printed and just before Readline starts
reading input characters.
-- Variable: rl_hook_func_t * rl_event_hook
‘RL_STATE_COMPLETING’
Readline is performing word completion.
‘RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER’
- Readline is currently executing the readline signal handler.
+ Readline is currently executing the Readline signal handler.
‘RL_STATE_UNDOING’
Readline is performing an undo.
‘RL_STATE_INPUTPENDING’
* active-region-start-color: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 35)
* backward-char (C-b): Commands For Moving. (line 17)
-* backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text. (line 17)
+* backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text. (line 18)
* backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Commands For Killing.
(line 11)
* backward-kill-word (M-<DEL>): Commands For Killing.
(line 68)
* blink-matching-paren: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 76)
-* bracketed-paste-begin (): Commands For Text. (line 37)
+* bracketed-paste-begin (): Commands For Text. (line 38)
* call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e): Keyboard Macros. (line 13)
-* capitalize-word (M-c): Commands For Text. (line 68)
+* capitalize-word (M-c): Commands For Text. (line 69)
* character-search (C-]): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 41)
* character-search-backward (M-C-]): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 149)
* do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-X, ...): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 14)
-* downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text. (line 64)
+* downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text. (line 65)
* dump-functions (): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 68)
* dump-macros (): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 105)
* force-meta-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 216)
-* forward-backward-delete-char (): Commands For Text. (line 22)
+* forward-backward-delete-char (): Commands For Text. (line 23)
* forward-char (C-f): Commands For Moving. (line 14)
* forward-search-history (C-s): Commands For History.
(line 32)
(line 98)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 322)
-* overwrite-mode (): Commands For Text. (line 72)
+* overwrite-mode (): Commands For Text. (line 73)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 331)
* possible-completions (M-?): Commands For Completion.
(line 12)
* previous-screen-line (): Commands For Moving. (line 28)
* print-last-kbd-macro (): Keyboard Macros. (line 17)
-* quoted-insert (C-q or C-v): Commands For Text. (line 27)
+* quoted-insert (C-q or C-v): Commands For Text. (line 28)
* re-read-init-file (C-x C-r): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 6)
* readline: Basic Behavior. (line 11)
(line 28)
* search-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 351)
-* self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...): Commands For Text. (line 34)
+* self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...): Commands For Text. (line 35)
* set-mark (C-@): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 33)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
* skip-csi-sequence (): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 50)
* start-kbd-macro (C-x (): Keyboard Macros. (line 6)
-* tab-insert (M-<TAB>): Commands For Text. (line 31)
+* tab-insert (M-<TAB>): Commands For Text. (line 32)
* tilde-expand (M-~): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 30)
-* transpose-chars (C-t): Commands For Text. (line 49)
-* transpose-words (M-t): Commands For Text. (line 55)
+* transpose-chars (C-t): Commands For Text. (line 50)
+* transpose-words (M-t): Commands For Text. (line 56)
* undo (C-_ or C-x C-u): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 23)
* universal-argument (): Numeric Arguments. (line 10)
(line 16)
* unix-word-rubout (C-w): Commands For Killing.
(line 32)
-* upcase-word (M-u): Commands For Text. (line 60)
+* upcase-word (M-u): Commands For Text. (line 61)
* vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 390)
* vi-editing-mode (M-C-j): Miscellaneous Commands.
Node: Top\7f863
Node: Command Line Editing\7f1588
Node: Introduction and Notation\7f2240
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f4594
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f5786
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f7598
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f8598
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f10625
-Node: Searching\7f11686
-Node: Readline Init File\7f13917
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f15115
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f41480
-Node: Sample Init File\7f45869
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f48994
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f50312
-Node: Commands For History\7f52242
-Node: Commands For Text\7f57447
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f61226
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f63682
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f64838
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f66925
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f67630
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f71954
-Node: Programming with GNU Readline\7f73851
-Node: Basic Behavior\7f74837
-Node: Custom Functions\7f78900
-Node: Readline Typedefs\7f80422
-Node: Function Writing\7f82308
-Node: Readline Variables\7f83614
-Node: Readline Convenience Functions\7f98580
-Node: Function Naming\7f99656
-Node: Keymaps\7f100987
-Node: Binding Keys\7f104149
-Node: Associating Function Names and Bindings\7f108974
-Node: Allowing Undoing\7f112804
-Node: Redisplay\7f115554
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y(isearc)o(h-terminators)t Fa(:)7 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)11 b Fb(9)73 472 y Fr(K)75 532 y Fb(k)o(eymap)c
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)k Fb(10)75 2102 y Fe(possible-c)o(om)o
(ple)o(ti)o(ons)f(\(M-?\))e Fa(:)t(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)13 b Fb(23)75 2147 y Fe(prefix-met)o(a)d
+(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)13 b Fb(24)75 2147 y Fe(prefix-met)o(a)d
(\(ESC\))d Fa(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16
-b Fb(24)75 2191 y Fe(previous-h)o(is)o(tor)o(y)10 b(\(C-p\))s
+b Fb(25)75 2191 y Fe(previous-h)o(is)o(tor)o(y)10 b(\(C-p\))s
Fa(:)t(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)k Fb(19)75 2235 y Fe(previous-s)o(cr)o(een)o(-l)
o(ine)f(\(\))h Fa(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
b Fa(:)t(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)h(:)k Fb(21)1010 147 y Fr(R)1012 205 y Fe(re-read-ini)o(t-)o(fil)o
(e)f(\(C-x)h(C-r\))e Fa(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fb(24)1012 249 y Fe(readline)9
+(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fb(25)1012 249 y Fe(readline)9
b Fa(:)s(:)d(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)16 b Fb(27)1012 293 y Fe(redraw-curr)o(en)o(t-l)o(in)o
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)12 b Fb(21)1012
1780 y Fe(transpose-w)o(or)o(ds)d(\(M-t\))t Fa(:)c(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-12 b Fb(21)1010 1912 y Fr(U)1012 1971 y Fe(undo)g(\(C-_)f(or)h(C-x)g
+12 b Fb(22)1010 1912 y Fr(U)1012 1971 y Fe(undo)g(\(C-_)f(or)h(C-x)g
(C-u\))6 b Fa(:)t(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)13 b Fb(25)1012
2015 y Fe(universal-a)o(rg)o(ume)o(nt)c(\(\))t Fa(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)12 b Fb(23)1012 2059 y Fe(unix-filena)o(me)o(-ru)o(bo)o(ut)d(\(\))h
Fa(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fb(22)1012 2103 y Fe(unix-line-d)o(is)o(car)o(d)10
+(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fb(23)1012 2103 y Fe(unix-line-d)o(is)o(car)o(d)10
b(\(C-u\))e Fa(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)18 b Fb(22)1012 2147 y Fe(unix-word-r)o(ub)o
(out)9 b(\(C-w\))s Fa(:)t(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)k Fb(22)1012
+(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)k Fb(23)1012
2191 y Fe(upcase-word)f(\(M-u\))e Fa(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)17 b Fb(21)1010 2323 y Fr(V)1012 2382 y Fb(vi-cmd-mo)q
+(:)g(:)17 b Fb(22)1010 2323 y Fr(V)1012 2382 y Fb(vi-cmd-mo)q
(de-string)11 b Fa(:)6 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)17
b Fb(11)1012 2427 y Fe(vi-editing-)o(mo)o(de)9 b(\(M-C-j\))f
@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{1}
@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{1}
@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{1}
-@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{1}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-title}{Readline Movement Commands}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-snt}{Section@tie 1.2.2}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-title}{Readline Killing Commands}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 1.2.3}
+@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{2}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{2}
-@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{2}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-title}{Readline Arguments}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 1.2.4}
@xrdef{Searching-title}{Searching for Commands in the History}
@xrdef{Searching-snt}{Section@tie 1.2.5}
+@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{3}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{3}
@xrdef{Searching-pg}{3}
@xrdef{Readline Init File-title}{Readline Init File}
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{4}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-title}{Conditional Init Constructs}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 1.3.2}
-@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{12}
+@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{14}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-title}{Sample Init File}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-snt}{Section@tie 1.3.3}
-@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{13}
+@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{15}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-title}{Bindable Readline Commands}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-snt}{Section@tie 1.4}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-title}{Commands For Moving}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.1}
-@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{16}
-@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{16}
+@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{18}
+@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{18}
@xrdef{Commands For History-title}{Commands For Manipulating The History}
@xrdef{Commands For History-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.2}
-@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{17}
+@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{19}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-title}{Commands For Changing Text}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.3}
-@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{18}
+@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{21}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-title}{Killing And Yanking}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.4}
-@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{19}
+@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{22}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-title}{Specifying Numeric Arguments}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.5}
-@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{20}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-title}{Letting Readline Type For You}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.6}
+@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{23}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-title}{Keyboard Macros}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.7}
-@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{21}
-@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{21}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-title}{Some Miscellaneous Commands}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.8}
-@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{22}
+@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{24}
+@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{24}
+@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{25}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-title}{Readline vi Mode}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-snt}{Section@tie 1.5}
-@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{23}
+@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{26}
@xrdef{Programming with GNU Readline-title}{Programming with GNU Readline}
@xrdef{Programming with GNU Readline-snt}{Chapter@tie 2}
@xrdef{Basic Behavior-title}{Basic Behavior}
@xrdef{Basic Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 2.1}
-@xrdef{Programming with GNU Readline-pg}{24}
-@xrdef{Basic Behavior-pg}{24}
+@xrdef{Programming with GNU Readline-pg}{27}
+@xrdef{Basic Behavior-pg}{27}
@xrdef{Custom Functions-title}{Custom Functions}
@xrdef{Custom Functions-snt}{Section@tie 2.2}
-@xrdef{Custom Functions-pg}{25}
+@xrdef{Custom Functions-pg}{28}
@xrdef{Readline Typedefs-title}{Readline Typedefs}
@xrdef{Readline Typedefs-snt}{Section@tie 2.2.1}
@xrdef{Function Writing-title}{Writing a New Function}
@xrdef{Function Writing-snt}{Section@tie 2.2.2}
-@xrdef{Readline Typedefs-pg}{26}
-@xrdef{Function Writing-pg}{26}
+@xrdef{Readline Typedefs-pg}{29}
@xrdef{Readline Variables-title}{Readline Variables}
@xrdef{Readline Variables-snt}{Section@tie 2.3}
-@xrdef{Readline Variables-pg}{27}
+@xrdef{Function Writing-pg}{30}
+@xrdef{Readline Variables-pg}{30}
@xrdef{Readline Convenience Functions-title}{Readline Convenience Functions}
@xrdef{Readline Convenience Functions-snt}{Section@tie 2.4}
@xrdef{Function Naming-title}{Naming a Function}
@xrdef{Function Naming-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.1}
@xrdef{Keymaps-title}{Selecting a Keymap}
@xrdef{Keymaps-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.2}
-@xrdef{Readline Convenience Functions-pg}{32}
-@xrdef{Function Naming-pg}{32}
+@xrdef{Readline Convenience Functions-pg}{36}
+@xrdef{Function Naming-pg}{36}
+@xrdef{Keymaps-pg}{36}
@xrdef{Binding Keys-title}{Binding Keys}
@xrdef{Binding Keys-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.3}
-@xrdef{Keymaps-pg}{33}
-@xrdef{Binding Keys-pg}{33}
+@xrdef{Binding Keys-pg}{37}
@xrdef{Associating Function Names and Bindings-title}{Associating Function Names and Bindings}
@xrdef{Associating Function Names and Bindings-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.4}
-@xrdef{Associating Function Names and Bindings-pg}{35}
+@xrdef{Associating Function Names and Bindings-pg}{39}
@xrdef{Allowing Undoing-title}{Allowing Undoing}
@xrdef{Allowing Undoing-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.5}
-@xrdef{Allowing Undoing-pg}{36}
+@xrdef{Allowing Undoing-pg}{40}
@xrdef{Redisplay-title}{Redisplay}
@xrdef{Redisplay-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.6}
-@xrdef{Redisplay-pg}{37}
+@xrdef{Redisplay-pg}{41}
@xrdef{Modifying Text-title}{Modifying Text}
@xrdef{Modifying Text-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.7}
-@xrdef{Modifying Text-pg}{38}
@xrdef{Character Input-title}{Character Input}
@xrdef{Character Input-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.8}
+@xrdef{Modifying Text-pg}{43}
+@xrdef{Character Input-pg}{43}
@xrdef{Terminal Management-title}{Terminal Management}
@xrdef{Terminal Management-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.9}
-@xrdef{Character Input-pg}{39}
-@xrdef{Terminal Management-pg}{39}
+@xrdef{Terminal Management-pg}{44}
@xrdef{Utility Functions-title}{Utility Functions}
@xrdef{Utility Functions-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.10}
-@xrdef{Utility Functions-pg}{40}
+@xrdef{Utility Functions-pg}{45}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Functions-title}{Miscellaneous Functions}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Functions-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.11}
-@xrdef{Miscellaneous Functions-pg}{41}
+@xrdef{Miscellaneous Functions-pg}{46}
@xrdef{Alternate Interface-title}{Alternate Interface}
@xrdef{Alternate Interface-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.12}
-@xrdef{Alternate Interface-pg}{42}
+@xrdef{Alternate Interface-pg}{47}
@xrdef{A Readline Example-title}{A Readline Example}
@xrdef{A Readline Example-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.13}
-@xrdef{A Readline Example-pg}{43}
+@xrdef{A Readline Example-pg}{48}
@xrdef{Alternate Interface Example-title}{Alternate Interface Example}
@xrdef{Alternate Interface Example-snt}{Section@tie 2.4.14}
-@xrdef{Alternate Interface Example-pg}{44}
+@xrdef{Alternate Interface Example-pg}{50}
@xrdef{Readline Signal Handling-title}{Readline Signal Handling}
@xrdef{Readline Signal Handling-snt}{Section@tie 2.5}
-@xrdef{Readline Signal Handling-pg}{47}
+@xrdef{Readline Signal Handling-pg}{52}
@xrdef{Custom Completers-title}{Custom Completers}
@xrdef{Custom Completers-snt}{Section@tie 2.6}
@xrdef{How Completing Works-title}{How Completing Works}
@xrdef{How Completing Works-snt}{Section@tie 2.6.1}
-@xrdef{Custom Completers-pg}{49}
+@xrdef{Custom Completers-pg}{55}
+@xrdef{How Completing Works-pg}{55}
@xrdef{Completion Functions-title}{Completion Functions}
@xrdef{Completion Functions-snt}{Section@tie 2.6.2}
-@xrdef{How Completing Works-pg}{50}
-@xrdef{Completion Functions-pg}{50}
+@xrdef{Completion Functions-pg}{56}
@xrdef{Completion Variables-title}{Completion Variables}
@xrdef{Completion Variables-snt}{Section@tie 2.6.3}
-@xrdef{Completion Variables-pg}{52}
+@xrdef{Completion Variables-pg}{57}
@xrdef{A Short Completion Example-title}{A Short Completion Example}
@xrdef{A Short Completion Example-snt}{Section@tie 2.6.4}
-@xrdef{A Short Completion Example-pg}{56}
+@xrdef{A Short Completion Example-pg}{63}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}}
-@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{65}
+@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{72}
@xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index}
@xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{}
-@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{73}
+@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{80}
@xrdef{Function and Variable Index-title}{Function and Variable Index}
@xrdef{Function and Variable Index-snt}{}
-@xrdef{Function and Variable Index-pg}{74}
+@xrdef{Function and Variable Index-pg}{81}
\entry{interaction, readline}{1}{interaction, readline}
-\entry{notation, readline}{1}{notation, readline}
-\entry{command editing}{1}{command editing}
-\entry{editing command lines}{1}{editing command lines}
-\entry{killing text}{2}{killing text}
-\entry{yanking text}{2}{yanking text}
-\entry{kill ring}{2}{kill ring}
+\entry{notation, readline}{2}{notation, readline}
+\entry{command editing}{2}{command editing}
+\entry{editing command lines}{2}{editing command lines}
+\entry{killing text}{3}{killing text}
+\entry{yanking text}{3}{yanking text}
+\entry{kill ring}{3}{kill ring}
\entry{initialization file, readline}{4}{initialization file, readline}
-\entry{variables, readline}{4}{variables, readline}
-\entry{readline, function}{24}{readline, function}
-\entry{application-specific completion functions}{49}{application-specific completion functions}
+\entry{variables, readline}{5}{variables, readline}
+\entry{readline, function}{27}{readline, function}
+\entry{application-specific completion functions}{55}{application-specific completion functions}
\initial {A}
-\entry {application-specific completion functions}{49}
+\entry{application-specific completion functions}{55}
\initial {C}
-\entry {command editing}{1}
+\entry{command editing}{2}
\initial {E}
-\entry {editing command lines}{1}
+\entry{editing command lines}{2}
\initial {I}
-\entry {initialization file, readline}{4}
-\entry {interaction, readline}{1}
+\entry{initialization file, readline}{4}
+\entry{interaction, readline}{1}
\initial {K}
-\entry {kill ring}{2}
-\entry {killing text}{2}
+\entry{kill ring}{3}
+\entry{killing text}{3}
\initial {N}
-\entry {notation, readline}{1}
+\entry{notation, readline}{2}
\initial {R}
-\entry {readline, function}{24}
+\entry{readline, function}{27}
\initial {V}
-\entry {variables, readline}{4}
+\entry{variables, readline}{5}
\initial {Y}
-\entry {yanking text}{2}
+\entry{yanking text}{3}
+\entry{active-region-start-color}{5}{active-region-start-color}
+\entry{active-region-end-color}{5}{active-region-end-color}
\entry{bell-style}{5}{bell-style}
\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{5}{bind-tty-special-chars}
-\entry{blink-matching-paren}{5}{blink-matching-paren}
-\entry{colored-completion-prefix}{5}{colored-completion-prefix}
-\entry{colored-stats}{5}{colored-stats}
-\entry{comment-begin}{5}{comment-begin}
-\entry{completion-display-width}{5}{completion-display-width}
-\entry{completion-ignore-case}{5}{completion-ignore-case}
-\entry{completion-map-case}{5}{completion-map-case}
-\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{5}{completion-prefix-display-length}
+\entry{blink-matching-paren}{6}{blink-matching-paren}
+\entry{colored-completion-prefix}{6}{colored-completion-prefix}
+\entry{colored-stats}{6}{colored-stats}
+\entry{comment-begin}{6}{comment-begin}
+\entry{completion-display-width}{6}{completion-display-width}
+\entry{completion-ignore-case}{6}{completion-ignore-case}
+\entry{completion-map-case}{6}{completion-map-case}
+\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{6}{completion-prefix-display-length}
\entry{completion-query-items}{6}{completion-query-items}
-\entry{convert-meta}{6}{convert-meta}
-\entry{disable-completion}{6}{disable-completion}
-\entry{echo-control-characters}{6}{echo-control-characters}
-\entry{editing-mode}{6}{editing-mode}
-\entry{emacs-mode-string}{6}{emacs-mode-string}
-\entry{enable-bracketed-paste}{6}{enable-bracketed-paste}
-\entry{enable-keypad}{7}{enable-keypad}
-\entry{expand-tilde}{7}{expand-tilde}
-\entry{history-preserve-point}{7}{history-preserve-point}
-\entry{history-size}{7}{history-size}
-\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{7}{horizontal-scroll-mode}
-\entry{input-meta}{7}{input-meta}
-\entry{meta-flag}{7}{meta-flag}
-\entry{isearch-terminators}{7}{isearch-terminators}
-\entry{keymap}{8}{keymap}
-\entry{mark-modified-lines}{8}{mark-modified-lines}
-\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{8}{mark-symlinked-directories}
-\entry{match-hidden-files}{8}{match-hidden-files}
-\entry{menu-complete-display-prefix}{8}{menu-complete-display-prefix}
-\entry{output-meta}{8}{output-meta}
-\entry{page-completions}{9}{page-completions}
-\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{9}{revert-all-at-newline}
-\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{9}{show-all-if-ambiguous}
-\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{9}{show-all-if-unmodified}
-\entry{show-mode-in-prompt}{9}{show-mode-in-prompt}
-\entry{skip-completed-text}{9}{skip-completed-text}
-\entry{vi-cmd-mode-string}{10}{vi-cmd-mode-string}
-\entry{vi-ins-mode-string}{10}{vi-ins-mode-string}
-\entry{visible-stats}{10}{visible-stats}
-\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{16}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
-\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{16}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
-\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{16}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
-\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{16}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
-\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{16}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
-\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{16}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
-\entry{previous-screen-line ()}{16}{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}
-\entry{next-screen-line ()}{16}{\code {next-screen-line ()}}
-\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{16}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
-\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{17}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
-\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{17}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
-\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{17}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
-\entry{next-history (C-n)}{17}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
-\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{17}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
-\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{17}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
-\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{17}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
-\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{17}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
-\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{17}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
-\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{17}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
-\entry{history-search-forward ()}{17}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
-\entry{history-search-backward ()}{17}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
-\entry{history-substring-search-forward ()}{17}{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}
-\entry{history-substring-search-backward ()}{18}{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}
-\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{18}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
-\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{18}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
-\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{18}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}
-\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{18}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
-\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{18}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
-\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{18}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
-\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{18}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
-\entry{tab-insert (M-TAB)}{19}{\code {tab-insert (M-\key {TAB})}}
-\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{19}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
-\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{19}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}
-\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{19}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
-\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{19}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
-\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{19}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
-\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{19}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
-\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{19}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
-\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{19}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
-\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{19}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
-\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{20}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
-\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{20}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
-\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{20}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
-\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{20}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
-\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{20}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
-\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{20}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
-\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{20}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
-\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{20}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
-\entry{kill-region ()}{20}{\code {kill-region ()}}
-\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{20}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
-\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{20}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
-\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{20}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
-\entry{yank (C-y)}{20}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
-\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{20}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
-\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{20}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
-\entry{universal-argument ()}{21}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
-\entry{complete (TAB)}{21}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
-\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{21}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
-\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{21}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
-\entry{menu-complete ()}{21}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
-\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{21}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}
-\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{21}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
-\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{21}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
-\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{22}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
-\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{22}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
-\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{22}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}
-\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{22}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
-\entry{abort (C-g)}{22}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
-\entry{do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, ...{})}{22}{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
-\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{22}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
-\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{22}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
-\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{22}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
-\entry{tilde-expand (M-~)}{22}{\code {tilde-expand (M-~)}}
-\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{22}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
-\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{22}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
-\entry{character-search (C-])}{22}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
-\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{22}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
-\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{23}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}
-\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{23}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
-\entry{dump-functions ()}{23}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
-\entry{dump-variables ()}{23}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
-\entry{dump-macros ()}{23}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
-\entry{emacs-editing-mode (C-e)}{23}{\code {emacs-editing-mode (C-e)}}
-\entry{vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)}{23}{\code {vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)}}
-\entry{readline}{24}{\code {readline}}
-\entry{rl_add_defun}{32}{\code {rl_add_defun}}
-\entry{rl_make_bare_keymap}{33}{\code {rl_make_bare_keymap}}
-\entry{rl_copy_keymap}{33}{\code {rl_copy_keymap}}
-\entry{rl_make_keymap}{33}{\code {rl_make_keymap}}
-\entry{rl_discard_keymap}{33}{\code {rl_discard_keymap}}
-\entry{rl_free_keymap}{33}{\code {rl_free_keymap}}
-\entry{rl_empty_keymap}{33}{\code {rl_empty_keymap}}
-\entry{rl_get_keymap}{33}{\code {rl_get_keymap}}
-\entry{rl_set_keymap}{33}{\code {rl_set_keymap}}
-\entry{rl_get_keymap_by_name}{33}{\code {rl_get_keymap_by_name}}
-\entry{rl_get_keymap_name}{33}{\code {rl_get_keymap_name}}
-\entry{rl_bind_key}{34}{\code {rl_bind_key}}
-\entry{rl_bind_key_in_map}{34}{\code {rl_bind_key_in_map}}
-\entry{rl_bind_key_if_unbound}{34}{\code {rl_bind_key_if_unbound}}
-\entry{rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map}{34}{\code {rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map}}
-\entry{rl_unbind_key}{34}{\code {rl_unbind_key}}
-\entry{rl_unbind_key_in_map}{34}{\code {rl_unbind_key_in_map}}
-\entry{rl_unbind_function_in_map}{34}{\code {rl_unbind_function_in_map}}
-\entry{rl_unbind_command_in_map}{34}{\code {rl_unbind_command_in_map}}
-\entry{rl_bind_keyseq}{34}{\code {rl_bind_keyseq}}
-\entry{rl_bind_keyseq_in_map}{34}{\code {rl_bind_keyseq_in_map}}
-\entry{rl_set_key}{35}{\code {rl_set_key}}
-\entry{rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound}{35}{\code {rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound}}
-\entry{rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map}{35}{\code {rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map}}
-\entry{rl_generic_bind}{35}{\code {rl_generic_bind}}
-\entry{rl_parse_and_bind}{35}{\code {rl_parse_and_bind}}
-\entry{rl_read_init_file}{35}{\code {rl_read_init_file}}
-\entry{rl_named_function}{35}{\code {rl_named_function}}
-\entry{rl_function_of_keyseq}{35}{\code {rl_function_of_keyseq}}
-\entry{rl_invoking_keyseqs}{35}{\code {rl_invoking_keyseqs}}
-\entry{rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map}{35}{\code {rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map}}
-\entry{rl_function_dumper}{36}{\code {rl_function_dumper}}
-\entry{rl_list_funmap_names}{36}{\code {rl_list_funmap_names}}
-\entry{rl_funmap_names}{36}{\code {rl_funmap_names}}
-\entry{rl_add_funmap_entry}{36}{\code {rl_add_funmap_entry}}
-\entry{rl_begin_undo_group}{36}{\code {rl_begin_undo_group}}
-\entry{rl_end_undo_group}{36}{\code {rl_end_undo_group}}
-\entry{rl_add_undo}{36}{\code {rl_add_undo}}
-\entry{rl_free_undo_list}{36}{\code {rl_free_undo_list}}
-\entry{rl_do_undo}{37}{\code {rl_do_undo}}
-\entry{rl_modifying}{37}{\code {rl_modifying}}
-\entry{rl_redisplay}{37}{\code {rl_redisplay}}
-\entry{rl_forced_update_display}{37}{\code {rl_forced_update_display}}
-\entry{rl_on_new_line}{37}{\code {rl_on_new_line}}
-\entry{rl_on_new_line_with_prompt}{37}{\code {rl_on_new_line_with_prompt}}
-\entry{rl_clear_visible_line}{37}{\code {rl_clear_visible_line}}
-\entry{rl_reset_line_state}{37}{\code {rl_reset_line_state}}
-\entry{rl_crlf}{37}{\code {rl_crlf}}
-\entry{rl_show_char}{37}{\code {rl_show_char}}
-\entry{rl_message}{37}{\code {rl_message}}
-\entry{rl_clear_message}{38}{\code {rl_clear_message}}
-\entry{rl_save_prompt}{38}{\code {rl_save_prompt}}
-\entry{rl_restore_prompt}{38}{\code {rl_restore_prompt}}
-\entry{rl_expand_prompt}{38}{\code {rl_expand_prompt}}
-\entry{rl_set_prompt}{38}{\code {rl_set_prompt}}
-\entry{rl_insert_text}{38}{\code {rl_insert_text}}
-\entry{rl_delete_text}{38}{\code {rl_delete_text}}
-\entry{rl_copy_text}{38}{\code {rl_copy_text}}
-\entry{rl_kill_text}{38}{\code {rl_kill_text}}
-\entry{rl_push_macro_input}{39}{\code {rl_push_macro_input}}
-\entry{rl_read_key}{39}{\code {rl_read_key}}
-\entry{rl_getc}{39}{\code {rl_getc}}
-\entry{rl_stuff_char}{39}{\code {rl_stuff_char}}
-\entry{rl_execute_next}{39}{\code {rl_execute_next}}
-\entry{rl_clear_pending_input}{39}{\code {rl_clear_pending_input}}
-\entry{rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout}{39}{\code {rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout}}
-\entry{rl_prep_terminal}{39}{\code {rl_prep_terminal}}
-\entry{rl_deprep_terminal}{39}{\code {rl_deprep_terminal}}
-\entry{rl_tty_set_default_bindings}{39}{\code {rl_tty_set_default_bindings}}
-\entry{rl_tty_unset_default_bindings}{40}{\code {rl_tty_unset_default_bindings}}
-\entry{rl_tty_set_echoing}{40}{\code {rl_tty_set_echoing}}
-\entry{rl_reset_terminal}{40}{\code {rl_reset_terminal}}
-\entry{rl_save_state}{40}{\code {rl_save_state}}
-\entry{rl_restore_state}{40}{\code {rl_restore_state}}
-\entry{rl_free}{40}{\code {rl_free}}
-\entry{rl_replace_line}{40}{\code {rl_replace_line}}
-\entry{rl_extend_line_buffer}{40}{\code {rl_extend_line_buffer}}
-\entry{rl_initialize}{40}{\code {rl_initialize}}
-\entry{rl_ding}{40}{\code {rl_ding}}
-\entry{rl_alphabetic}{40}{\code {rl_alphabetic}}
-\entry{rl_display_match_list}{41}{\code {rl_display_match_list}}
-\entry{_rl_uppercase_p}{41}{\code {_rl_uppercase_p}}
-\entry{_rl_lowercase_p}{41}{\code {_rl_lowercase_p}}
-\entry{_rl_digit_p}{41}{\code {_rl_digit_p}}
-\entry{_rl_to_upper}{41}{\code {_rl_to_upper}}
-\entry{_rl_to_lower}{41}{\code {_rl_to_lower}}
-\entry{_rl_digit_value}{41}{\code {_rl_digit_value}}
-\entry{rl_macro_bind}{41}{\code {rl_macro_bind}}
-\entry{rl_macro_dumper}{41}{\code {rl_macro_dumper}}
-\entry{rl_variable_bind}{41}{\code {rl_variable_bind}}
-\entry{rl_variable_value}{42}{\code {rl_variable_value}}
-\entry{rl_variable_dumper}{42}{\code {rl_variable_dumper}}
-\entry{rl_set_paren_blink_timeout}{42}{\code {rl_set_paren_blink_timeout}}
-\entry{rl_get_termcap}{42}{\code {rl_get_termcap}}
-\entry{rl_clear_history}{42}{\code {rl_clear_history}}
-\entry{rl_callback_handler_install}{42}{\code {rl_callback_handler_install}}
-\entry{rl_callback_read_char}{42}{\code {rl_callback_read_char}}
-\entry{rl_callback_sigcleanup}{43}{\code {rl_callback_sigcleanup}}
-\entry{rl_callback_handler_remove}{43}{\code {rl_callback_handler_remove}}
-\entry{rl_pending_signal}{48}{\code {rl_pending_signal}}
-\entry{rl_cleanup_after_signal}{48}{\code {rl_cleanup_after_signal}}
-\entry{rl_free_line_state}{48}{\code {rl_free_line_state}}
-\entry{rl_reset_after_signal}{48}{\code {rl_reset_after_signal}}
-\entry{rl_check_signals}{49}{\code {rl_check_signals}}
-\entry{rl_echo_signal_char}{49}{\code {rl_echo_signal_char}}
-\entry{rl_resize_terminal}{49}{\code {rl_resize_terminal}}
-\entry{rl_set_screen_size}{49}{\code {rl_set_screen_size}}
-\entry{rl_get_screen_size}{49}{\code {rl_get_screen_size}}
-\entry{rl_reset_screen_size}{49}{\code {rl_reset_screen_size}}
-\entry{rl_set_signals}{49}{\code {rl_set_signals}}
-\entry{rl_clear_signals}{49}{\code {rl_clear_signals}}
-\entry{rl_complete}{50}{\code {rl_complete}}
-\entry{rl_complete_internal}{51}{\code {rl_complete_internal}}
-\entry{rl_complete}{51}{\code {rl_complete}}
-\entry{rl_possible_completions}{51}{\code {rl_possible_completions}}
-\entry{rl_insert_completions}{51}{\code {rl_insert_completions}}
-\entry{rl_completion_mode}{51}{\code {rl_completion_mode}}
-\entry{rl_completion_matches}{51}{\code {rl_completion_matches}}
-\entry{rl_filename_completion_function}{51}{\code {rl_filename_completion_function}}
-\entry{rl_username_completion_function}{52}{\code {rl_username_completion_function}}
+\entry{convert-meta}{7}{convert-meta}
+\entry{disable-completion}{7}{disable-completion}
+\entry{echo-control-characters}{7}{echo-control-characters}
+\entry{editing-mode}{7}{editing-mode}
+\entry{emacs-mode-string}{7}{emacs-mode-string}
+\entry{enable-active-region The}{7}{enable-active-region The}
+\entry{enable-bracketed-paste}{8}{enable-bracketed-paste}
+\entry{enable-keypad}{8}{enable-keypad}
+\entry{enable-meta-key}{8}{enable-meta-key}
+\entry{expand-tilde}{8}{expand-tilde}
+\entry{force-meta-prefix}{8}{force-meta-prefix}
+\entry{history-preserve-point}{8}{history-preserve-point}
+\entry{history-size}{9}{history-size}
+\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{9}{horizontal-scroll-mode}
+\entry{input-meta}{9}{input-meta}
+\entry{meta-flag}{9}{meta-flag}
+\entry{isearch-terminators}{9}{isearch-terminators}
+\entry{keymap}{9}{keymap}
+\entry{mark-modified-lines}{10}{mark-modified-lines}
+\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{10}{mark-symlinked-directories}
+\entry{match-hidden-files}{10}{match-hidden-files}
+\entry{menu-complete-display-prefix}{10}{menu-complete-display-prefix}
+\entry{output-meta}{10}{output-meta}
+\entry{page-completions}{10}{page-completions}
+\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{10}{revert-all-at-newline}
+\entry{search-ignore-case}{11}{search-ignore-case}
+\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{11}{show-all-if-ambiguous}
+\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{11}{show-all-if-unmodified}
+\entry{show-mode-in-prompt}{11}{show-mode-in-prompt}
+\entry{skip-completed-text}{11}{skip-completed-text}
+\entry{vi-cmd-mode-string}{11}{vi-cmd-mode-string}
+\entry{vi-ins-mode-string}{12}{vi-ins-mode-string}
+\entry{visible-stats}{12}{visible-stats}
+\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{18}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
+\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{18}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
+\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{18}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
+\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{18}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
+\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{18}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
+\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{18}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
+\entry{previous-screen-line ()}{18}{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}
+\entry{next-screen-line ()}{18}{\code {next-screen-line ()}}
+\entry{clear-display (M-C-l)}{19}{\code {clear-display (M-C-l)}}
+\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{19}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
+\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{19}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
+\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{19}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
+\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{19}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
+\entry{next-history (C-n)}{19}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
+\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{19}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
+\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{19}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
+\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{19}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
+\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{19}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
+\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{19}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
+\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{19}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
+\entry{history-search-backward ()}{20}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
+\entry{history-search-forward ()}{20}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
+\entry{history-substring-search-backward ()}{20}{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}
+\entry{history-substring-search-forward ()}{20}{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}
+\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{20}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
+\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{20}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
+\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{20}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}
+\entry{fetch-history ()}{21}{\code {fetch-history ()}}
+\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{21}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}
+\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{21}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
+\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{21}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
+\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{21}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
+\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{21}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
+\entry{tab-insert (M-TAB)}{21}{\code {tab-insert (M-\key {TAB})}}
+\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{21}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
+\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{21}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}
+\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{21}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
+\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{22}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
+\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{22}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
+\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{22}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
+\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{22}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
+\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{22}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
+\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{22}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
+\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{22}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
+\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{22}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
+\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{22}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
+\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{22}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
+\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{22}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
+\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{23}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
+\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{23}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
+\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{23}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
+\entry{kill-region ()}{23}{\code {kill-region ()}}
+\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{23}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
+\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{23}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
+\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{23}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
+\entry{yank (C-y)}{23}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
+\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{23}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
+\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{23}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
+\entry{universal-argument ()}{23}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
+\entry{complete (TAB)}{24}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
+\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{24}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
+\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{24}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
+\entry{menu-complete ()}{24}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
+\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{24}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}
+\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{24}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
+\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{24}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
+\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{24}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
+\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{24}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
+\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{24}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}
+\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{25}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
+\entry{abort (C-g)}{25}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
+\entry{do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, ...{})}{25}{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
+\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{25}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
+\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{25}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
+\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{25}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
+\entry{tilde-expand (M-~)}{25}{\code {tilde-expand (M-~)}}
+\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{25}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
+\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{25}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
+\entry{character-search (C-])}{25}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
+\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{25}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
+\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{25}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}
+\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{25}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
+\entry{dump-functions ()}{26}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
+\entry{dump-variables ()}{26}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
+\entry{dump-macros ()}{26}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
+\entry{execute-named-command (M-x)}{26}{\code {execute-named-command (M-x)}}
+\entry{emacs-editing-mode (C-e)}{26}{\code {emacs-editing-mode (C-e)}}
+\entry{vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)}{26}{\code {vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)}}
+\entry{readline}{27}{\code {readline}}
+\entry{rl_add_defun}{36}{\code {rl_add_defun}}
+\entry{rl_make_bare_keymap}{36}{\code {rl_make_bare_keymap}}
+\entry{rl_copy_keymap}{36}{\code {rl_copy_keymap}}
+\entry{rl_make_keymap}{37}{\code {rl_make_keymap}}
+\entry{rl_discard_keymap}{37}{\code {rl_discard_keymap}}
+\entry{rl_free_keymap}{37}{\code {rl_free_keymap}}
+\entry{rl_empty_keymap}{37}{\code {rl_empty_keymap}}
+\entry{rl_get_keymap}{37}{\code {rl_get_keymap}}
+\entry{rl_set_keymap}{37}{\code {rl_set_keymap}}
+\entry{rl_get_keymap_by_name}{37}{\code {rl_get_keymap_by_name}}
+\entry{rl_get_keymap_name}{37}{\code {rl_get_keymap_name}}
+\entry{rl_set_keymap_name}{37}{\code {rl_set_keymap_name}}
+\entry{rl_bind_key}{38}{\code {rl_bind_key}}
+\entry{rl_bind_key_in_map}{38}{\code {rl_bind_key_in_map}}
+\entry{rl_bind_key_if_unbound}{38}{\code {rl_bind_key_if_unbound}}
+\entry{rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map}{38}{\code {rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map}}
+\entry{rl_unbind_key}{38}{\code {rl_unbind_key}}
+\entry{rl_unbind_key_in_map}{38}{\code {rl_unbind_key_in_map}}
+\entry{rl_unbind_function_in_map}{38}{\code {rl_unbind_function_in_map}}
+\entry{rl_unbind_command_in_map}{38}{\code {rl_unbind_command_in_map}}
+\entry{rl_bind_keyseq}{38}{\code {rl_bind_keyseq}}
+\entry{rl_bind_keyseq_in_map}{38}{\code {rl_bind_keyseq_in_map}}
+\entry{rl_set_key}{39}{\code {rl_set_key}}
+\entry{rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound}{39}{\code {rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound}}
+\entry{rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map}{39}{\code {rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map}}
+\entry{rl_generic_bind}{39}{\code {rl_generic_bind}}
+\entry{rl_parse_and_bind}{39}{\code {rl_parse_and_bind}}
+\entry{rl_read_init_file}{39}{\code {rl_read_init_file}}
+\entry{rl_named_function}{39}{\code {rl_named_function}}
+\entry{rl_function_of_keyseq}{39}{\code {rl_function_of_keyseq}}
+\entry{rl_function_of_keyseq_len}{39}{\code {rl_function_of_keyseq_len}}
+\entry{rl_trim_arg_from_keyseq}{40}{\code {rl_trim_arg_from_keyseq}}
+\entry{rl_invoking_keyseqs}{40}{\code {rl_invoking_keyseqs}}
+\entry{rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map}{40}{\code {rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map}}
+\entry{rl_print_keybinding}{40}{\code {rl_print_keybinding}}
+\entry{rl_function_dumper}{40}{\code {rl_function_dumper}}
+\entry{rl_list_funmap_names}{40}{\code {rl_list_funmap_names}}
+\entry{rl_funmap_names}{40}{\code {rl_funmap_names}}
+\entry{rl_add_funmap_entry}{40}{\code {rl_add_funmap_entry}}
+\entry{rl_begin_undo_group}{41}{\code {rl_begin_undo_group}}
+\entry{rl_end_undo_group}{41}{\code {rl_end_undo_group}}
+\entry{rl_add_undo}{41}{\code {rl_add_undo}}
+\entry{rl_free_undo_list}{41}{\code {rl_free_undo_list}}
+\entry{rl_do_undo}{41}{\code {rl_do_undo}}
+\entry{rl_modifying}{41}{\code {rl_modifying}}
+\entry{rl_redisplay}{41}{\code {rl_redisplay}}
+\entry{rl_forced_update_display}{41}{\code {rl_forced_update_display}}
+\entry{rl_on_new_line}{42}{\code {rl_on_new_line}}
+\entry{rl_on_new_line_with_prompt}{42}{\code {rl_on_new_line_with_prompt}}
+\entry{rl_clear_visible_line}{42}{\code {rl_clear_visible_line}}
+\entry{rl_reset_line_state}{42}{\code {rl_reset_line_state}}
+\entry{rl_crlf}{42}{\code {rl_crlf}}
+\entry{rl_show_char}{42}{\code {rl_show_char}}
+\entry{rl_message}{42}{\code {rl_message}}
+\entry{rl_clear_message}{42}{\code {rl_clear_message}}
+\entry{rl_save_prompt}{42}{\code {rl_save_prompt}}
+\entry{rl_restore_prompt}{42}{\code {rl_restore_prompt}}
+\entry{rl_expand_prompt}{42}{\code {rl_expand_prompt}}
+\entry{rl_set_prompt}{43}{\code {rl_set_prompt}}
+\entry{rl_insert_text}{43}{\code {rl_insert_text}}
+\entry{rl_delete_text}{43}{\code {rl_delete_text}}
+\entry{rl_copy_text}{43}{\code {rl_copy_text}}
+\entry{rl_kill_text}{43}{\code {rl_kill_text}}
+\entry{rl_replace_line}{43}{\code {rl_replace_line}}
+\entry{rl_push_macro_input}{43}{\code {rl_push_macro_input}}
+\entry{rl_read_key}{43}{\code {rl_read_key}}
+\entry{rl_getc}{44}{\code {rl_getc}}
+\entry{rl_stuff_char}{44}{\code {rl_stuff_char}}
+\entry{rl_execute_next}{44}{\code {rl_execute_next}}
+\entry{rl_clear_pending_input}{44}{\code {rl_clear_pending_input}}
+\entry{rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout}{44}{\code {rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout}}
+\entry{rl_set_timeout}{44}{\code {rl_set_timeout}}
+\entry{rl_timeout_remaining}{44}{\code {rl_timeout_remaining}}
+\entry{rl_prep_terminal}{44}{\code {rl_prep_terminal}}
+\entry{rl_deprep_terminal}{44}{\code {rl_deprep_terminal}}
+\entry{rl_tty_set_default_bindings}{45}{\code {rl_tty_set_default_bindings}}
+\entry{rl_tty_unset_default_bindings}{45}{\code {rl_tty_unset_default_bindings}}
+\entry{rl_tty_set_echoing}{45}{\code {rl_tty_set_echoing}}
+\entry{rl_reset_terminal}{45}{\code {rl_reset_terminal}}
+\entry{rl_save_state}{45}{\code {rl_save_state}}
+\entry{rl_restore_state}{45}{\code {rl_restore_state}}
+\entry{rl_free}{45}{\code {rl_free}}
+\entry{rl_extend_line_buffer}{45}{\code {rl_extend_line_buffer}}
+\entry{rl_initialize}{45}{\code {rl_initialize}}
+\entry{rl_ding}{45}{\code {rl_ding}}
+\entry{rl_alphabetic}{45}{\code {rl_alphabetic}}
+\entry{rl_display_match_list}{46}{\code {rl_display_match_list}}
+\entry{_rl_uppercase_p}{46}{\code {_rl_uppercase_p}}
+\entry{_rl_lowercase_p}{46}{\code {_rl_lowercase_p}}
+\entry{_rl_digit_p}{46}{\code {_rl_digit_p}}
+\entry{_rl_to_upper}{46}{\code {_rl_to_upper}}
+\entry{_rl_to_lower}{46}{\code {_rl_to_lower}}
+\entry{_rl_digit_value}{46}{\code {_rl_digit_value}}
+\entry{rl_macro_bind}{46}{\code {rl_macro_bind}}
+\entry{rl_macro_dumper}{46}{\code {rl_macro_dumper}}
+\entry{rl_variable_bind}{46}{\code {rl_variable_bind}}
+\entry{rl_variable_value}{47}{\code {rl_variable_value}}
+\entry{rl_variable_dumper}{47}{\code {rl_variable_dumper}}
+\entry{rl_set_paren_blink_timeout}{47}{\code {rl_set_paren_blink_timeout}}
+\entry{rl_get_termcap}{47}{\code {rl_get_termcap}}
+\entry{rl_reparse_colors}{47}{\code {rl_reparse_colors}}
+\entry{rl_clear_history}{47}{\code {rl_clear_history}}
+\entry{rl_activate_mark}{47}{\code {rl_activate_mark}}
+\entry{rl_deactivate_mark}{47}{\code {rl_deactivate_mark}}
+\entry{rl_keep_mark_active}{47}{\code {rl_keep_mark_active}}
+\entry{rl_mark_active_p}{47}{\code {rl_mark_active_p}}
+\entry{rl_callback_handler_install}{48}{\code {rl_callback_handler_install}}
+\entry{rl_callback_read_char}{48}{\code {rl_callback_read_char}}
+\entry{rl_callback_sigcleanup}{48}{\code {rl_callback_sigcleanup}}
+\entry{rl_callback_handler_remove}{48}{\code {rl_callback_handler_remove}}
+\entry{rl_pending_signal}{54}{\code {rl_pending_signal}}
+\entry{rl_cleanup_after_signal}{54}{\code {rl_cleanup_after_signal}}
+\entry{rl_free_line_state}{54}{\code {rl_free_line_state}}
+\entry{rl_reset_after_signal}{54}{\code {rl_reset_after_signal}}
+\entry{rl_check_signals}{54}{\code {rl_check_signals}}
+\entry{rl_echo_signal_char}{54}{\code {rl_echo_signal_char}}
+\entry{rl_resize_terminal}{54}{\code {rl_resize_terminal}}
+\entry{rl_set_screen_size}{54}{\code {rl_set_screen_size}}
+\entry{rl_get_screen_size}{55}{\code {rl_get_screen_size}}
+\entry{rl_reset_screen_size}{55}{\code {rl_reset_screen_size}}
+\entry{rl_set_signals}{55}{\code {rl_set_signals}}
+\entry{rl_clear_signals}{55}{\code {rl_clear_signals}}
+\entry{rl_complete}{56}{\code {rl_complete}}
+\entry{rl_complete_internal}{56}{\code {rl_complete_internal}}
+\entry{rl_complete}{56}{\code {rl_complete}}
+\entry{rl_possible_completions}{56}{\code {rl_possible_completions}}
+\entry{rl_insert_completions}{56}{\code {rl_insert_completions}}
+\entry{rl_completion_mode}{57}{\code {rl_completion_mode}}
+\entry{rl_completion_matches}{57}{\code {rl_completion_matches}}
+\entry{rl_filename_completion_function}{57}{\code {rl_filename_completion_function}}
+\entry{rl_username_completion_function}{57}{\code {rl_username_completion_function}}
\initial {_}
-\entry {\code {_rl_digit_p}}{41}
-\entry {\code {_rl_digit_value}}{41}
-\entry {\code {_rl_lowercase_p}}{41}
-\entry {\code {_rl_to_lower}}{41}
-\entry {\code {_rl_to_upper}}{41}
-\entry {\code {_rl_uppercase_p}}{41}
+\entry{\code {_rl_digit_p}}{46}
+\entry{\code {_rl_digit_value}}{46}
+\entry{\code {_rl_lowercase_p}}{46}
+\entry{\code {_rl_to_lower}}{46}
+\entry{\code {_rl_to_upper}}{46}
+\entry{\code {_rl_uppercase_p}}{46}
\initial {A}
-\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{22}
-\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{17}
+\entry{\code {abort (C-g)}}{25}
+\entry{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{19}
+\entry{active-region-end-color}{5}
+\entry{active-region-start-color}{5}
\initial {B}
-\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{16}
-\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{18}
-\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{20}
-\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{20}
-\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{16}
-\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{17}
-\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{16}
-\entry {bell-style}{5}
-\entry {bind-tty-special-chars}{5}
-\entry {blink-matching-paren}{5}
-\entry {\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{19}
+\entry{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{18}
+\entry{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{21}
+\entry{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{22}
+\entry{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{22}
+\entry{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{18}
+\entry{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{18}
+\entry{bell-style}{5}
+\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{5}
+\entry{blink-matching-paren}{6}
+\entry{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{21}
\initial {C}
-\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{22}
-\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{19}
-\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{22}
-\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{22}
-\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{16}
-\entry {colored-completion-prefix}{5}
-\entry {colored-stats}{5}
-\entry {comment-begin}{5}
-\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{21}
-\entry {completion-display-width}{5}
-\entry {completion-ignore-case}{5}
-\entry {completion-map-case}{5}
-\entry {completion-prefix-display-length}{5}
-\entry {completion-query-items}{6}
-\entry {convert-meta}{6}
-\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{20}
-\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{20}
-\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{20}
+\entry{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{24}
+\entry{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{22}
+\entry{\code {character-search (C-])}}{25}
+\entry{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{25}
+\entry{\code {clear-display (M-C-l)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{19}
+\entry{colored-completion-prefix}{6}
+\entry{colored-stats}{6}
+\entry{comment-begin}{6}
+\entry{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{24}
+\entry{completion-display-width}{6}
+\entry{completion-ignore-case}{6}
+\entry{completion-map-case}{6}
+\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{6}
+\entry{completion-query-items}{6}
+\entry{convert-meta}{7}
+\entry{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{23}
+\entry{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{23}
+\entry{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{23}
\initial {D}
-\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{18}
-\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{21}
-\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{20}
-\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{20}
-\entry {disable-completion}{6}
-\entry {\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{22}
-\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{19}
-\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{23}
-\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{23}
-\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{23}
+\entry{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{21}
+\entry{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{24}
+\entry{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{23}
+\entry{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{23}
+\entry{disable-completion}{7}
+\entry{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{25}
+\entry{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{22}
+\entry{\code {dump-functions ()}}{26}
+\entry{\code {dump-macros ()}}{26}
+\entry{\code {dump-variables ()}}{26}
\initial {E}
-\entry {echo-control-characters}{6}
-\entry {editing-mode}{6}
-\entry {\code {emacs-editing-mode (C-e)}}{23}
-\entry {emacs-mode-string}{6}
-\entry {enable-bracketed-paste}{6}
-\entry {enable-keypad}{7}
-\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{22}
-\entry {\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{18}
-\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{17}
-\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{16}
-\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{22}
-\entry {expand-tilde}{7}
+\entry{echo-control-characters}{7}
+\entry{editing-mode}{7}
+\entry{\code {emacs-editing-mode (C-e)}}{26}
+\entry{emacs-mode-string}{7}
+\entry{enable-active-region The}{7}
+\entry{enable-bracketed-paste}{8}
+\entry{enable-keypad}{8}
+\entry{enable-meta-key}{8}
+\entry{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{24}
+\entry{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{21}
+\entry{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{18}
+\entry{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{25}
+\entry{\code {execute-named-command (M-x)}}{26}
+\entry{expand-tilde}{8}
\initial {F}
-\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{18}
-\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{16}
-\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{17}
-\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{16}
+\entry{\code {fetch-history ()}}{21}
+\entry{force-meta-prefix}{8}
+\entry{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{21}
+\entry{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{18}
+\entry{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{18}
\initial {H}
-\entry {history-preserve-point}{7}
-\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{17}
-\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{17}
-\entry {history-size}{7}
-\entry {\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}{18}
-\entry {\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}{17}
-\entry {horizontal-scroll-mode}{7}
+\entry{history-preserve-point}{8}
+\entry{\code {history-search-backward ()}}{20}
+\entry{\code {history-search-forward ()}}{20}
+\entry{history-size}{9}
+\entry{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}{20}
+\entry{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}{20}
+\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{9}
\initial {I}
-\entry {input-meta}{7}
-\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{23}
-\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{21}
-\entry {isearch-terminators}{7}
+\entry{input-meta}{9}
+\entry{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{25}
+\entry{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{24}
+\entry{isearch-terminators}{9}
\initial {K}
-\entry {keymap}{8}
-\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{19}
-\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{20}
-\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{20}
-\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{20}
+\entry{keymap}{9}
+\entry{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{22}
+\entry{\code {kill-region ()}}{23}
+\entry{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{22}
+\entry{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{22}
\initial {M}
-\entry {mark-modified-lines}{8}
-\entry {mark-symlinked-directories}{8}
-\entry {match-hidden-files}{8}
-\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{21}
-\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{21}
-\entry {menu-complete-display-prefix}{8}
-\entry {meta-flag}{7}
+\entry{mark-modified-lines}{10}
+\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{10}
+\entry{match-hidden-files}{10}
+\entry{\code {menu-complete ()}}{24}
+\entry{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{24}
+\entry{menu-complete-display-prefix}{10}
+\entry{meta-flag}{9}
\initial {N}
-\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{17}
-\entry {\code {next-screen-line ()}}{16}
-\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{17}
-\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{17}
+\entry{\code {next-history (C-n)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {next-screen-line ()}}{18}
+\entry{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{19}
\initial {O}
-\entry {output-meta}{8}
-\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{19}
+\entry{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{20}
+\entry{output-meta}{10}
+\entry{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{22}
\initial {P}
-\entry {page-completions}{9}
-\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{21}
-\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{22}
-\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{17}
-\entry {\code {previous-screen-line ()}}{16}
-\entry {\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{22}
+\entry{page-completions}{10}
+\entry{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{24}
+\entry{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{25}
+\entry{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}{18}
+\entry{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{24}
\initial {Q}
-\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{18}
+\entry{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{21}
\initial {R}
-\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{22}
-\entry {\code {readline}}{24}
-\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{17}
-\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{17}
-\entry {revert-all-at-newline}{9}
-\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{22}
-\entry {\code {rl_add_defun}}{32}
-\entry {\code {rl_add_funmap_entry}}{36}
-\entry {\code {rl_add_undo}}{36}
-\entry {\code {rl_alphabetic}}{40}
-\entry {\code {rl_begin_undo_group}}{36}
-\entry {\code {rl_bind_key}}{34}
-\entry {\code {rl_bind_key_if_unbound}}{34}
-\entry {\code {rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map}}{34}
-\entry {\code {rl_bind_key_in_map}}{34}
-\entry {\code {rl_bind_keyseq}}{34}
-\entry {\code {rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound}}{35}
-\entry {\code {rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map}}{35}
-\entry {\code {rl_bind_keyseq_in_map}}{34}
-\entry {\code {rl_callback_handler_install}}{42}
-\entry {\code {rl_callback_handler_remove}}{43}
-\entry {\code {rl_callback_read_char}}{42}
-\entry {\code {rl_callback_sigcleanup}}{43}
-\entry {\code {rl_check_signals}}{49}
-\entry {\code {rl_cleanup_after_signal}}{48}
-\entry {\code {rl_clear_history}}{42}
-\entry {\code {rl_clear_message}}{38}
-\entry {\code {rl_clear_pending_input}}{39}
-\entry {\code {rl_clear_signals}}{49}
-\entry {\code {rl_clear_visible_line}}{37}
-\entry {\code {rl_complete}}{50, 51}
-\entry {\code {rl_complete_internal}}{51}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_matches}}{51}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_mode}}{51}
-\entry {\code {rl_copy_keymap}}{33}
-\entry {\code {rl_copy_text}}{38}
-\entry {\code {rl_crlf}}{37}
-\entry {\code {rl_delete_text}}{38}
-\entry {\code {rl_deprep_terminal}}{39}
-\entry {\code {rl_ding}}{40}
-\entry {\code {rl_discard_keymap}}{33}
-\entry {\code {rl_display_match_list}}{41}
-\entry {\code {rl_do_undo}}{37}
-\entry {\code {rl_echo_signal_char}}{49}
-\entry {\code {rl_empty_keymap}}{33}
-\entry {\code {rl_end_undo_group}}{36}
-\entry {\code {rl_execute_next}}{39}
-\entry {\code {rl_expand_prompt}}{38}
-\entry {\code {rl_extend_line_buffer}}{40}
-\entry {\code {rl_filename_completion_function}}{51}
-\entry {\code {rl_forced_update_display}}{37}
-\entry {\code {rl_free}}{40}
-\entry {\code {rl_free_keymap}}{33}
-\entry {\code {rl_free_line_state}}{48}
-\entry {\code {rl_free_undo_list}}{36}
-\entry {\code {rl_function_dumper}}{36}
-\entry {\code {rl_function_of_keyseq}}{35}
-\entry {\code {rl_funmap_names}}{36}
-\entry {\code {rl_generic_bind}}{35}
-\entry {\code {rl_get_keymap}}{33}
-\entry {\code {rl_get_keymap_by_name}}{33}
-\entry {\code {rl_get_keymap_name}}{33}
-\entry {\code {rl_get_screen_size}}{49}
-\entry {\code {rl_get_termcap}}{42}
-\entry {\code {rl_getc}}{39}
-\entry {\code {rl_initialize}}{40}
-\entry {\code {rl_insert_completions}}{51}
-\entry {\code {rl_insert_text}}{38}
-\entry {\code {rl_invoking_keyseqs}}{35}
-\entry {\code {rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map}}{35}
-\entry {\code {rl_kill_text}}{38}
-\entry {\code {rl_list_funmap_names}}{36}
-\entry {\code {rl_macro_bind}}{41}
-\entry {\code {rl_macro_dumper}}{41}
-\entry {\code {rl_make_bare_keymap}}{33}
-\entry {\code {rl_make_keymap}}{33}
-\entry {\code {rl_message}}{37}
-\entry {\code {rl_modifying}}{37}
-\entry {\code {rl_named_function}}{35}
-\entry {\code {rl_on_new_line}}{37}
-\entry {\code {rl_on_new_line_with_prompt}}{37}
-\entry {\code {rl_parse_and_bind}}{35}
-\entry {\code {rl_pending_signal}}{48}
-\entry {\code {rl_possible_completions}}{51}
-\entry {\code {rl_prep_terminal}}{39}
-\entry {\code {rl_push_macro_input}}{39}
-\entry {\code {rl_read_init_file}}{35}
-\entry {\code {rl_read_key}}{39}
-\entry {\code {rl_redisplay}}{37}
-\entry {\code {rl_replace_line}}{40}
-\entry {\code {rl_reset_after_signal}}{48}
-\entry {\code {rl_reset_line_state}}{37}
-\entry {\code {rl_reset_screen_size}}{49}
-\entry {\code {rl_reset_terminal}}{40}
-\entry {\code {rl_resize_terminal}}{49}
-\entry {\code {rl_restore_prompt}}{38}
-\entry {\code {rl_restore_state}}{40}
-\entry {\code {rl_save_prompt}}{38}
-\entry {\code {rl_save_state}}{40}
-\entry {\code {rl_set_key}}{35}
-\entry {\code {rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout}}{39}
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-\entry {\code {rl_username_completion_function}}{52}
-\entry {\code {rl_variable_bind}}{41}
-\entry {\code {rl_variable_dumper}}{42}
-\entry {\code {rl_variable_value}}{42}
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+\entry{\code {rl_alphabetic}}{45}
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+\entry{\code {rl_complete_internal}}{56}
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+\entry{\code {rl_reset_terminal}}{45}
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+\entry{\code {rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout}}{44}
+\entry{\code {rl_set_keymap}}{37}
+\entry{\code {rl_set_keymap_name}}{37}
+\entry{\code {rl_set_paren_blink_timeout}}{47}
+\entry{\code {rl_set_prompt}}{43}
+\entry{\code {rl_set_screen_size}}{54}
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+\entry{\code {rl_show_char}}{42}
+\entry{\code {rl_stuff_char}}{44}
+\entry{\code {rl_timeout_remaining}}{44}
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+\entry{\code {rl_unbind_key_in_map}}{38}
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+\entry{\code {vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)}}{26}
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tt rl_attempted_
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-[56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63]) Appendix A [64]
+[62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70]) Appendix A [71]
texinfo.tex: doing @include of fdl.texi
- (./fdl.texi [65]
-[66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71]) (Concept Index) [72]
-(Function and Variable Index) [73] [74] [75] [76] )
+
+(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20241015/lib/readline/doc/fdl.texi [72] [73] [74]
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@numchapentry{Command Line Editing}{1}{Command Line Editing}{1}
@numsecentry{Introduction to Line Editing}{1.1}{Introduction and Notation}{1}
@numsecentry{Readline Interaction}{1.2}{Readline Interaction}{1}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{1.2.1}{Readline Bare Essentials}{1}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{1.2.1}{Readline Bare Essentials}{2}
@numsubsecentry{Readline Movement Commands}{1.2.2}{Readline Movement Commands}{2}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{1.2.3}{Readline Killing Commands}{2}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{1.2.3}{Readline Killing Commands}{3}
@numsubsecentry{Readline Arguments}{1.2.4}{Readline Arguments}{3}
@numsubsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{1.2.5}{Searching}{3}
@numsecentry{Readline Init File}{1.3}{Readline Init File}{4}
@numsubsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{1.3.1}{Readline Init File Syntax}{4}
-@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{1.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{12}
-@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{1.3.3}{Sample Init File}{13}
-@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{1.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{16}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{1.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{16}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{1.4.2}{Commands For History}{17}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{1.4.3}{Commands For Text}{18}
-@numsubsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{1.4.4}{Commands For Killing}{19}
-@numsubsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{1.4.5}{Numeric Arguments}{20}
-@numsubsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{1.4.6}{Commands For Completion}{21}
-@numsubsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{1.4.7}{Keyboard Macros}{21}
-@numsubsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{1.4.8}{Miscellaneous Commands}{22}
-@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{1.5}{Readline vi Mode}{23}
-@numchapentry{Programming with GNU Readline}{2}{Programming with GNU Readline}{24}
-@numsecentry{Basic Behavior}{2.1}{Basic Behavior}{24}
-@numsecentry{Custom Functions}{2.2}{Custom Functions}{25}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Typedefs}{2.2.1}{Readline Typedefs}{26}
-@numsubsecentry{Writing a New Function}{2.2.2}{Function Writing}{26}
-@numsecentry{Readline Variables}{2.3}{Readline Variables}{27}
-@numsecentry{Readline Convenience Functions}{2.4}{Readline Convenience Functions}{32}
-@numsubsecentry{Naming a Function}{2.4.1}{Function Naming}{32}
-@numsubsecentry{Selecting a Keymap}{2.4.2}{Keymaps}{33}
-@numsubsecentry{Binding Keys}{2.4.3}{Binding Keys}{33}
-@numsubsecentry{Associating Function Names and Bindings}{2.4.4}{Associating Function Names and Bindings}{35}
-@numsubsecentry{Allowing Undoing}{2.4.5}{Allowing Undoing}{36}
-@numsubsecentry{Redisplay}{2.4.6}{Redisplay}{37}
-@numsubsecentry{Modifying Text}{2.4.7}{Modifying Text}{38}
-@numsubsecentry{Character Input}{2.4.8}{Character Input}{39}
-@numsubsecentry{Terminal Management}{2.4.9}{Terminal Management}{39}
-@numsubsecentry{Utility Functions}{2.4.10}{Utility Functions}{40}
-@numsubsecentry{Miscellaneous Functions}{2.4.11}{Miscellaneous Functions}{41}
-@numsubsecentry{Alternate Interface}{2.4.12}{Alternate Interface}{42}
-@numsubsecentry{A Readline Example}{2.4.13}{A Readline Example}{43}
-@numsubsecentry{Alternate Interface Example}{2.4.14}{Alternate Interface Example}{44}
-@numsecentry{Readline Signal Handling}{2.5}{Readline Signal Handling}{47}
-@numsecentry{Custom Completers}{2.6}{Custom Completers}{49}
-@numsubsecentry{How Completing Works}{2.6.1}{How Completing Works}{50}
-@numsubsecentry{Completion Functions}{2.6.2}{Completion Functions}{50}
-@numsubsecentry{Completion Variables}{2.6.3}{Completion Variables}{52}
-@numsubsecentry{A Short Completion Example}{2.6.4}{A Short Completion Example}{56}
-@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{A}{GNU Free Documentation License}{65}
-@unnchapentry{Concept Index}{10001}{Concept Index}{73}
-@unnchapentry{Function and Variable Index}{10002}{Function and Variable Index}{74}
+@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{1.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{14}
+@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{1.3.3}{Sample Init File}{15}
+@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{1.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{18}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{1.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{18}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{1.4.2}{Commands For History}{19}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{1.4.3}{Commands For Text}{21}
+@numsubsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{1.4.4}{Commands For Killing}{22}
+@numsubsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{1.4.5}{Numeric Arguments}{23}
+@numsubsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{1.4.6}{Commands For Completion}{24}
+@numsubsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{1.4.7}{Keyboard Macros}{24}
+@numsubsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{1.4.8}{Miscellaneous Commands}{25}
+@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{1.5}{Readline vi Mode}{26}
+@numchapentry{Programming with GNU Readline}{2}{Programming with GNU Readline}{27}
+@numsecentry{Basic Behavior}{2.1}{Basic Behavior}{27}
+@numsecentry{Custom Functions}{2.2}{Custom Functions}{28}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Typedefs}{2.2.1}{Readline Typedefs}{29}
+@numsubsecentry{Writing a New Function}{2.2.2}{Function Writing}{30}
+@numsecentry{Readline Variables}{2.3}{Readline Variables}{30}
+@numsecentry{Readline Convenience Functions}{2.4}{Readline Convenience Functions}{36}
+@numsubsecentry{Naming a Function}{2.4.1}{Function Naming}{36}
+@numsubsecentry{Selecting a Keymap}{2.4.2}{Keymaps}{36}
+@numsubsecentry{Binding Keys}{2.4.3}{Binding Keys}{37}
+@numsubsecentry{Associating Function Names and Bindings}{2.4.4}{Associating Function Names and Bindings}{39}
+@numsubsecentry{Allowing Undoing}{2.4.5}{Allowing Undoing}{40}
+@numsubsecentry{Redisplay}{2.4.6}{Redisplay}{41}
+@numsubsecentry{Modifying Text}{2.4.7}{Modifying Text}{43}
+@numsubsecentry{Character Input}{2.4.8}{Character Input}{43}
+@numsubsecentry{Terminal Management}{2.4.9}{Terminal Management}{44}
+@numsubsecentry{Utility Functions}{2.4.10}{Utility Functions}{45}
+@numsubsecentry{Miscellaneous Functions}{2.4.11}{Miscellaneous Functions}{46}
+@numsubsecentry{Alternate Interface}{2.4.12}{Alternate Interface}{47}
+@numsubsecentry{A Readline Example}{2.4.13}{A Readline Example}{48}
+@numsubsecentry{Alternate Interface Example}{2.4.14}{Alternate Interface Example}{50}
+@numsecentry{Readline Signal Handling}{2.5}{Readline Signal Handling}{52}
+@numsecentry{Custom Completers}{2.6}{Custom Completers}{55}
+@numsubsecentry{How Completing Works}{2.6.1}{How Completing Works}{55}
+@numsubsecentry{Completion Functions}{2.6.2}{Completion Functions}{56}
+@numsubsecentry{Completion Variables}{2.6.3}{Completion Variables}{57}
+@numsubsecentry{A Short Completion Example}{2.6.4}{A Short Completion Example}{63}
+@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{A}{GNU Free Documentation License}{72}
+@unnchapentry{Concept Index}{10001}{Concept Index}{80}
+@unnchapentry{Function and Variable Index}{10002}{Function and Variable Index}{81}
-\entry{rl_line_buffer}{27}{\code {rl_line_buffer}}
-\entry{rl_point}{27}{\code {rl_point}}
-\entry{rl_end}{27}{\code {rl_end}}
-\entry{rl_mark}{27}{\code {rl_mark}}
-\entry{rl_done}{27}{\code {rl_done}}
-\entry{rl_num_chars_to_read}{27}{\code {rl_num_chars_to_read}}
-\entry{rl_pending_input}{27}{\code {rl_pending_input}}
-\entry{rl_dispatching}{27}{\code {rl_dispatching}}
-\entry{rl_erase_empty_line}{28}{\code {rl_erase_empty_line}}
-\entry{rl_prompt}{28}{\code {rl_prompt}}
-\entry{rl_display_prompt}{28}{\code {rl_display_prompt}}
-\entry{rl_already_prompted}{28}{\code {rl_already_prompted}}
-\entry{rl_library_version}{28}{\code {rl_library_version}}
-\entry{rl_readline_version}{28}{\code {rl_readline_version}}
-\entry{rl_gnu_readline_p}{28}{\code {rl_gnu_readline_p}}
-\entry{rl_terminal_name}{28}{\code {rl_terminal_name}}
-\entry{rl_readline_name}{28}{\code {rl_readline_name}}
-\entry{rl_instream}{28}{\code {rl_instream}}
-\entry{rl_outstream}{28}{\code {rl_outstream}}
-\entry{rl_prefer_env_winsize}{29}{\code {rl_prefer_env_winsize}}
-\entry{rl_last_func}{29}{\code {rl_last_func}}
-\entry{rl_startup_hook}{29}{\code {rl_startup_hook}}
-\entry{rl_pre_input_hook}{29}{\code {rl_pre_input_hook}}
-\entry{rl_event_hook}{29}{\code {rl_event_hook}}
-\entry{rl_getc_function}{29}{\code {rl_getc_function}}
-\entry{rl_signal_event_hook}{29}{\code {rl_signal_event_hook}}
-\entry{rl_input_available_hook}{29}{\code {rl_input_available_hook}}
-\entry{rl_redisplay_function}{30}{\code {rl_redisplay_function}}
-\entry{rl_prep_term_function}{30}{\code {rl_prep_term_function}}
-\entry{rl_deprep_term_function}{30}{\code {rl_deprep_term_function}}
-\entry{rl_executing_keymap}{30}{\code {rl_executing_keymap}}
-\entry{rl_binding_keymap}{30}{\code {rl_binding_keymap}}
-\entry{rl_executing_macro}{30}{\code {rl_executing_macro}}
-\entry{rl_executing_key}{30}{\code {rl_executing_key}}
-\entry{rl_executing_keyseq}{30}{\code {rl_executing_keyseq}}
-\entry{rl_key_sequence_length}{30}{\code {rl_key_sequence_length}}
-\entry{rl_readline_state}{30}{\code {rl_readline_state}}
-\entry{rl_explicit_arg}{32}{\code {rl_explicit_arg}}
-\entry{rl_numeric_arg}{32}{\code {rl_numeric_arg}}
-\entry{rl_editing_mode}{32}{\code {rl_editing_mode}}
-\entry{rl_catch_signals}{48}{\code {rl_catch_signals}}
-\entry{rl_catch_sigwinch}{48}{\code {rl_catch_sigwinch}}
-\entry{rl_persistent_signal_handlers}{48}{\code {rl_persistent_signal_handlers}}
-\entry{rl_change_environment}{48}{\code {rl_change_environment}}
-\entry{rl_completion_entry_function}{50}{\code {rl_completion_entry_function}}
-\entry{rl_completion_entry_function}{52}{\code {rl_completion_entry_function}}
-\entry{rl_attempted_completion_function}{52}{\code {rl_attempted_completion_function}}
-\entry{rl_filename_quoting_function}{52}{\code {rl_filename_quoting_function}}
-\entry{rl_filename_dequoting_function}{52}{\code {rl_filename_dequoting_function}}
-\entry{rl_char_is_quoted_p}{52}{\code {rl_char_is_quoted_p}}
-\entry{rl_ignore_some_completions_function}{53}{\code {rl_ignore_some_completions_function}}
-\entry{rl_directory_completion_hook}{53}{\code {rl_directory_completion_hook}}
-\entry{rl_directory_rewrite_hook;}{53}{\code {rl_directory_rewrite_hook;}}
-\entry{rl_filename_stat_hook}{53}{\code {rl_filename_stat_hook}}
-\entry{rl_filename_rewrite_hook}{53}{\code {rl_filename_rewrite_hook}}
-\entry{rl_completion_display_matches_hook}{54}{\code {rl_completion_display_matches_hook}}
-\entry{rl_basic_word_break_characters}{54}{\code {rl_basic_word_break_characters}}
-\entry{rl_basic_quote_characters}{54}{\code {rl_basic_quote_characters}}
-\entry{rl_completer_word_break_characters}{54}{\code {rl_completer_word_break_characters}}
-\entry{rl_completion_word_break_hook}{54}{\code {rl_completion_word_break_hook}}
-\entry{rl_completer_quote_characters}{54}{\code {rl_completer_quote_characters}}
-\entry{rl_filename_quote_characters}{54}{\code {rl_filename_quote_characters}}
-\entry{rl_special_prefixes}{54}{\code {rl_special_prefixes}}
-\entry{rl_completion_query_items}{55}{\code {rl_completion_query_items}}
-\entry{rl_completion_append_character}{55}{\code {rl_completion_append_character}}
-\entry{rl_completion_suppress_append}{55}{\code {rl_completion_suppress_append}}
-\entry{rl_completion_quote_character}{55}{\code {rl_completion_quote_character}}
-\entry{rl_completion_suppress_quote}{55}{\code {rl_completion_suppress_quote}}
-\entry{rl_completion_found_quote}{55}{\code {rl_completion_found_quote}}
-\entry{rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs}{55}{\code {rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs}}
-\entry{rl_ignore_completion_duplicates}{55}{\code {rl_ignore_completion_duplicates}}
-\entry{rl_filename_completion_desired}{56}{\code {rl_filename_completion_desired}}
-\entry{rl_filename_quoting_desired}{56}{\code {rl_filename_quoting_desired}}
-\entry{rl_attempted_completion_over}{56}{\code {rl_attempted_completion_over}}
-\entry{rl_sort_completion_matches}{56}{\code {rl_sort_completion_matches}}
-\entry{rl_completion_type}{56}{\code {rl_completion_type}}
-\entry{rl_completion_invoking_key}{56}{\code {rl_completion_invoking_key}}
-\entry{rl_inhibit_completion}{56}{\code {rl_inhibit_completion}}
+\entry{rl_line_buffer}{30}{\code {rl_line_buffer}}
+\entry{rl_point}{30}{\code {rl_point}}
+\entry{rl_end}{30}{\code {rl_end}}
+\entry{rl_mark}{30}{\code {rl_mark}}
+\entry{rl_done}{30}{\code {rl_done}}
+\entry{rl_eof_found}{30}{\code {rl_eof_found}}
+\entry{rl_num_chars_to_read}{31}{\code {rl_num_chars_to_read}}
+\entry{rl_pending_input}{31}{\code {rl_pending_input}}
+\entry{rl_dispatching}{31}{\code {rl_dispatching}}
+\entry{rl_erase_empty_line}{31}{\code {rl_erase_empty_line}}
+\entry{rl_prompt}{31}{\code {rl_prompt}}
+\entry{rl_display_prompt}{31}{\code {rl_display_prompt}}
+\entry{rl_already_prompted}{31}{\code {rl_already_prompted}}
+\entry{rl_library_version}{31}{\code {rl_library_version}}
+\entry{rl_readline_version}{31}{\code {rl_readline_version}}
+\entry{rl_gnu_readline_p}{31}{\code {rl_gnu_readline_p}}
+\entry{rl_terminal_name}{32}{\code {rl_terminal_name}}
+\entry{rl_readline_name}{32}{\code {rl_readline_name}}
+\entry{rl_instream}{32}{\code {rl_instream}}
+\entry{rl_outstream}{32}{\code {rl_outstream}}
+\entry{rl_prefer_env_winsize}{32}{\code {rl_prefer_env_winsize}}
+\entry{rl_last_func}{32}{\code {rl_last_func}}
+\entry{rl_startup_hook}{32}{\code {rl_startup_hook}}
+\entry{rl_pre_input_hook}{32}{\code {rl_pre_input_hook}}
+\entry{rl_event_hook}{32}{\code {rl_event_hook}}
+\entry{rl_getc_function}{32}{\code {rl_getc_function}}
+\entry{rl_signal_event_hook}{32}{\code {rl_signal_event_hook}}
+\entry{rl_timeout_event_hook}{33}{\code {rl_timeout_event_hook}}
+\entry{rl_input_available_hook}{33}{\code {rl_input_available_hook}}
+\entry{rl_redisplay_function}{33}{\code {rl_redisplay_function}}
+\entry{rl_prep_term_function}{33}{\code {rl_prep_term_function}}
+\entry{rl_deprep_term_function}{33}{\code {rl_deprep_term_function}}
+\entry{rl_macro_display_hook}{33}{\code {rl_macro_display_hook}}
+\entry{rl_executing_keymap}{33}{\code {rl_executing_keymap}}
+\entry{rl_binding_keymap}{34}{\code {rl_binding_keymap}}
+\entry{rl_executing_macro}{34}{\code {rl_executing_macro}}
+\entry{rl_executing_key}{34}{\code {rl_executing_key}}
+\entry{rl_executing_keyseq}{34}{\code {rl_executing_keyseq}}
+\entry{rl_key_sequence_length}{34}{\code {rl_key_sequence_length}}
+\entry{rl_readline_state}{34}{\code {rl_readline_state}}
+\entry{rl_explicit_arg}{36}{\code {rl_explicit_arg}}
+\entry{rl_numeric_arg}{36}{\code {rl_numeric_arg}}
+\entry{rl_editing_mode}{36}{\code {rl_editing_mode}}
+\entry{rl_catch_signals}{53}{\code {rl_catch_signals}}
+\entry{rl_catch_sigwinch}{53}{\code {rl_catch_sigwinch}}
+\entry{rl_persistent_signal_handlers}{53}{\code {rl_persistent_signal_handlers}}
+\entry{rl_change_environment}{53}{\code {rl_change_environment}}
+\entry{rl_completion_entry_function}{56}{\code {rl_completion_entry_function}}
+\entry{rl_completion_entry_function}{57}{\code {rl_completion_entry_function}}
+\entry{rl_attempted_completion_function}{57}{\code {rl_attempted_completion_function}}
+\entry{rl_filename_quoting_function}{57}{\code {rl_filename_quoting_function}}
+\entry{rl_filename_dequoting_function}{58}{\code {rl_filename_dequoting_function}}
+\entry{rl_char_is_quoted_p}{58}{\code {rl_char_is_quoted_p}}
+\entry{rl_ignore_some_completions_function}{58}{\code {rl_ignore_some_completions_function}}
+\entry{rl_directory_completion_hook}{58}{\code {rl_directory_completion_hook}}
+\entry{rl_directory_rewrite_hook;}{58}{\code {rl_directory_rewrite_hook;}}
+\entry{rl_filename_stat_hook}{59}{\code {rl_filename_stat_hook}}
+\entry{rl_filename_rewrite_hook}{59}{\code {rl_filename_rewrite_hook}}
+\entry{rl_completion_rewrite_hook}{59}{\code {rl_completion_rewrite_hook}}
+\entry{rl_completion_display_matches_hook}{60}{\code {rl_completion_display_matches_hook}}
+\entry{rl_basic_word_break_characters}{60}{\code {rl_basic_word_break_characters}}
+\entry{rl_basic_quote_characters}{60}{\code {rl_basic_quote_characters}}
+\entry{rl_completer_word_break_characters}{60}{\code {rl_completer_word_break_characters}}
+\entry{rl_completion_word_break_hook}{60}{\code {rl_completion_word_break_hook}}
+\entry{rl_completer_quote_characters}{60}{\code {rl_completer_quote_characters}}
+\entry{rl_filename_quote_characters}{60}{\code {rl_filename_quote_characters}}
+\entry{rl_special_prefixes}{60}{\code {rl_special_prefixes}}
+\entry{rl_completion_query_items}{60}{\code {rl_completion_query_items}}
+\entry{rl_completion_append_character}{61}{\code {rl_completion_append_character}}
+\entry{rl_completion_suppress_append}{61}{\code {rl_completion_suppress_append}}
+\entry{rl_completion_suppress_quote}{61}{\code {rl_completion_suppress_quote}}
+\entry{rl_completion_found_quote}{61}{\code {rl_completion_found_quote}}
+\entry{rl_completion_quote_character}{61}{\code {rl_completion_quote_character}}
+\entry{rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs}{61}{\code {rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs}}
+\entry{rl_ignore_completion_duplicates}{61}{\code {rl_ignore_completion_duplicates}}
+\entry{rl_filename_completion_desired}{61}{\code {rl_filename_completion_desired}}
+\entry{rl_filename_quoting_desired}{62}{\code {rl_filename_quoting_desired}}
+\entry{rl_full_quoting_desired}{62}{\code {rl_full_quoting_desired}}
+\entry{rl_attempted_completion_over}{62}{\code {rl_attempted_completion_over}}
+\entry{rl_sort_completion_matches}{62}{\code {rl_sort_completion_matches}}
+\entry{rl_completion_type}{62}{\code {rl_completion_type}}
+\entry{rl_completion_invoking_key}{62}{\code {rl_completion_invoking_key}}
+\entry{rl_inhibit_completion}{62}{\code {rl_inhibit_completion}}
-\entry {\code {rl_already_prompted}}{28}
-\entry {\code {rl_attempted_completion_function}}{52}
-\entry {\code {rl_attempted_completion_over}}{56}
-\entry {\code {rl_basic_quote_characters}}{54}
-\entry {\code {rl_basic_word_break_characters}}{54}
-\entry {\code {rl_binding_keymap}}{30}
-\entry {\code {rl_catch_signals}}{48}
-\entry {\code {rl_catch_sigwinch}}{48}
-\entry {\code {rl_change_environment}}{48}
-\entry {\code {rl_char_is_quoted_p}}{52}
-\entry {\code {rl_completer_quote_characters}}{54}
-\entry {\code {rl_completer_word_break_characters}}{54}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_append_character}}{55}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_display_matches_hook}}{54}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_entry_function}}{50, 52}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_found_quote}}{55}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_invoking_key}}{56}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs}}{55}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_query_items}}{55}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_quote_character}}{55}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_suppress_append}}{55}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_suppress_quote}}{55}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_type}}{56}
-\entry {\code {rl_completion_word_break_hook}}{54}
-\entry {\code {rl_deprep_term_function}}{30}
-\entry {\code {rl_directory_completion_hook}}{53}
-\entry {\code {rl_directory_rewrite_hook;}}{53}
-\entry {\code {rl_dispatching}}{27}
-\entry {\code {rl_display_prompt}}{28}
-\entry {\code {rl_done}}{27}
-\entry {\code {rl_editing_mode}}{32}
-\entry {\code {rl_end}}{27}
-\entry {\code {rl_erase_empty_line}}{28}
-\entry {\code {rl_event_hook}}{29}
-\entry {\code {rl_executing_key}}{30}
-\entry {\code {rl_executing_keymap}}{30}
-\entry {\code {rl_executing_keyseq}}{30}
-\entry {\code {rl_executing_macro}}{30}
-\entry {\code {rl_explicit_arg}}{32}
-\entry {\code {rl_filename_completion_desired}}{56}
-\entry {\code {rl_filename_dequoting_function}}{52}
-\entry {\code {rl_filename_quote_characters}}{54}
-\entry {\code {rl_filename_quoting_desired}}{56}
-\entry {\code {rl_filename_quoting_function}}{52}
-\entry {\code {rl_filename_rewrite_hook}}{53}
-\entry {\code {rl_filename_stat_hook}}{53}
-\entry {\code {rl_getc_function}}{29}
-\entry {\code {rl_gnu_readline_p}}{28}
-\entry {\code {rl_ignore_completion_duplicates}}{55}
-\entry {\code {rl_ignore_some_completions_function}}{53}
-\entry {\code {rl_inhibit_completion}}{56}
-\entry {\code {rl_input_available_hook}}{29}
-\entry {\code {rl_instream}}{28}
-\entry {\code {rl_key_sequence_length}}{30}
-\entry {\code {rl_last_func}}{29}
-\entry {\code {rl_library_version}}{28}
-\entry {\code {rl_line_buffer}}{27}
-\entry {\code {rl_mark}}{27}
-\entry {\code {rl_num_chars_to_read}}{27}
-\entry {\code {rl_numeric_arg}}{32}
-\entry {\code {rl_outstream}}{28}
-\entry {\code {rl_pending_input}}{27}
-\entry {\code {rl_persistent_signal_handlers}}{48}
-\entry {\code {rl_point}}{27}
-\entry {\code {rl_pre_input_hook}}{29}
-\entry {\code {rl_prefer_env_winsize}}{29}
-\entry {\code {rl_prep_term_function}}{30}
-\entry {\code {rl_prompt}}{28}
-\entry {\code {rl_readline_name}}{28}
-\entry {\code {rl_readline_state}}{30}
-\entry {\code {rl_readline_version}}{28}
-\entry {\code {rl_redisplay_function}}{30}
-\entry {\code {rl_signal_event_hook}}{29}
-\entry {\code {rl_sort_completion_matches}}{56}
-\entry {\code {rl_special_prefixes}}{54}
-\entry {\code {rl_startup_hook}}{29}
-\entry {\code {rl_terminal_name}}{28}
+\entry{\code {rl_already_prompted}}{31}
+\entry{\code {rl_attempted_completion_function}}{57}
+\entry{\code {rl_attempted_completion_over}}{62}
+\entry{\code {rl_basic_quote_characters}}{60}
+\entry{\code {rl_basic_word_break_characters}}{60}
+\entry{\code {rl_binding_keymap}}{34}
+\entry{\code {rl_catch_signals}}{53}
+\entry{\code {rl_catch_sigwinch}}{53}
+\entry{\code {rl_change_environment}}{53}
+\entry{\code {rl_char_is_quoted_p}}{58}
+\entry{\code {rl_completer_quote_characters}}{60}
+\entry{\code {rl_completer_word_break_characters}}{60}
+\entry{\code {rl_completion_append_character}}{61}
+\entry{\code {rl_completion_display_matches_hook}}{60}
+\entry{\code {rl_completion_entry_function}}{56, 57}
+\entry{\code {rl_completion_found_quote}}{61}
+\entry{\code {rl_completion_invoking_key}}{62}
+\entry{\code {rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs}}{61}
+\entry{\code {rl_completion_query_items}}{60}
+\entry{\code {rl_completion_quote_character}}{61}
+\entry{\code {rl_completion_rewrite_hook}}{59}
+\entry{\code {rl_completion_suppress_append}}{61}
+\entry{\code {rl_completion_suppress_quote}}{61}
+\entry{\code {rl_completion_type}}{62}
+\entry{\code {rl_completion_word_break_hook}}{60}
+\entry{\code {rl_deprep_term_function}}{33}
+\entry{\code {rl_directory_completion_hook}}{58}
+\entry{\code {rl_directory_rewrite_hook;}}{58}
+\entry{\code {rl_dispatching}}{31}
+\entry{\code {rl_display_prompt}}{31}
+\entry{\code {rl_done}}{30}
+\entry{\code {rl_editing_mode}}{36}
+\entry{\code {rl_end}}{30}
+\entry{\code {rl_eof_found}}{30}
+\entry{\code {rl_erase_empty_line}}{31}
+\entry{\code {rl_event_hook}}{32}
+\entry{\code {rl_executing_key}}{34}
+\entry{\code {rl_executing_keymap}}{33}
+\entry{\code {rl_executing_keyseq}}{34}
+\entry{\code {rl_executing_macro}}{34}
+\entry{\code {rl_explicit_arg}}{36}
+\entry{\code {rl_filename_completion_desired}}{61}
+\entry{\code {rl_filename_dequoting_function}}{58}
+\entry{\code {rl_filename_quote_characters}}{60}
+\entry{\code {rl_filename_quoting_desired}}{62}
+\entry{\code {rl_filename_quoting_function}}{57}
+\entry{\code {rl_filename_rewrite_hook}}{59}
+\entry{\code {rl_filename_stat_hook}}{59}
+\entry{\code {rl_full_quoting_desired}}{62}
+\entry{\code {rl_getc_function}}{32}
+\entry{\code {rl_gnu_readline_p}}{31}
+\entry{\code {rl_ignore_completion_duplicates}}{61}
+\entry{\code {rl_ignore_some_completions_function}}{58}
+\entry{\code {rl_inhibit_completion}}{62}
+\entry{\code {rl_input_available_hook}}{33}
+\entry{\code {rl_instream}}{32}
+\entry{\code {rl_key_sequence_length}}{34}
+\entry{\code {rl_last_func}}{32}
+\entry{\code {rl_library_version}}{31}
+\entry{\code {rl_line_buffer}}{30}
+\entry{\code {rl_macro_display_hook}}{33}
+\entry{\code {rl_mark}}{30}
+\entry{\code {rl_num_chars_to_read}}{31}
+\entry{\code {rl_numeric_arg}}{36}
+\entry{\code {rl_outstream}}{32}
+\entry{\code {rl_pending_input}}{31}
+\entry{\code {rl_persistent_signal_handlers}}{53}
+\entry{\code {rl_point}}{30}
+\entry{\code {rl_pre_input_hook}}{32}
+\entry{\code {rl_prefer_env_winsize}}{32}
+\entry{\code {rl_prep_term_function}}{33}
+\entry{\code {rl_prompt}}{31}
+\entry{\code {rl_readline_name}}{32}
+\entry{\code {rl_readline_state}}{34}
+\entry{\code {rl_readline_version}}{31}
+\entry{\code {rl_redisplay_function}}{33}
+\entry{\code {rl_signal_event_hook}}{32}
+\entry{\code {rl_sort_completion_matches}}{62}
+\entry{\code {rl_special_prefixes}}{60}
+\entry{\code {rl_startup_hook}}{32}
+\entry{\code {rl_terminal_name}}{32}
+\entry{\code {rl_timeout_event_hook}}{33}
them to disable any Readline editing function they might normally have,
this line may include embedded newlines and other special characters.
If @var{prompt} is @code{NULL} or the empty string,
-@code{readline} does not display a prompt.
-The line @code{readline} returns is allocated with @code{malloc()};
+@code{readline()} does not display a prompt.
+The line @code{readline()} returns is allocated with @code{malloc()};
the caller should @code{free()} the line when it has finished with it.
The declaration for @code{readline} in ANSI C is
text remains.
This means that lines consisting of a newline return the empty string.
-If @code{readline} encounters an @code{EOF} while reading the line,
+If Readline encounters an @code{EOF} while reading the line,
and the line is empty at that point,
-then @code{readline} returns @code{(char *)NULL}.
+then @code{readline()} returns @code{(char *)NULL}.
Otherwise, the line is ended just as if a newline had been typed.
Readline performs some expansion on the @var{prompt} before it is
@deftypevar {rl_hook_func_t *} rl_startup_hook
If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call just
-before @code{readline} prints the first prompt.
+before Readline prints the first prompt.
@end deftypevar
@deftypevar {rl_hook_func_t *} rl_pre_input_hook
If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call after
-the first prompt has been printed and just before @code{readline}
+the first prompt has been printed and just before Readline
starts reading input characters.
@end deftypevar
@item RL_STATE_COMPLETING
Readline is performing word completion.
@item RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER
-Readline is currently executing the readline signal handler.
+Readline is currently executing the Readline signal handler.
@item RL_STATE_UNDOING
Readline is performing an undo.
@item RL_STATE_INPUTPENDING
@node Introduction and Notation
@section Introduction to Line Editing
-The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
-keystrokes.
+The following paragraphs use Emacs style to
+describe the notation used to represent keystrokes.
The text @kbd{C-k} is read as `Control-K' and describes the character
produced when the @key{k} key is pressed while the Control key
The text @kbd{M-k} is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character
produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the @key{k}
-key is pressed (a @dfn{meta character}).
-The Meta key is labeled @key{ALT} on many keyboards.
+key is pressed (a @dfn{meta character}), then both are released.
+The Meta key is labeled @key{ALT} or @key{Option} on many keyboards.
On keyboards with two keys labeled @key{ALT} (usually to either side of
the space bar), the @key{ALT} on the left side is generally set to
work as a Meta key.
-The @key{ALT} key on the right may also be configured to work as a
-Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a
+One of the @key{ALT} keys may also be configured
+as some other modifier, such as a
Compose key for typing accented characters.
-On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces meta characters with
+On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with
the eighth bit (0200) set.
You can use the @code{enable-meta-key} variable
to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it.
environment variable @env{INPUTRC}.
@end ifclear
If that variable is unset, the default is @file{~/.inputrc}.
-If that file does not exist or cannot be read, readline looks for
+If that file does not exist or cannot be read, Readline looks for
@file{/etc/inputrc}.
@ifset BashFeatures
The @w{@code{bind}} builtin command can also be used to set Readline
The color definitions are taken from the value of the @env{LS_COLORS}
environment variable.
If there is a color definition in @env{LS_COLORS} for the custom suffix
-@samp{readline-colored-completion-prefix}, Readline uses this color for
+@samp{.readline-colored-completion-prefix}, Readline uses this color for
the common prefix instead of its default.
The default is @samp{off}.
The maximum
length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
completions that is displayed without modification.
-When set to a value greater than zero, readline
+When set to a value greater than zero, Readline
replaces common prefixes longer than this value
with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
(see @code{Key Bindings} in @ref{Readline Init File Syntax})
by converting a key sequence of the form
@kbd{\M-}@var{C} or @code{Meta-}@var{C} to the two-character sequence
-@kbd{ESC}@var{C} (adding the meta prefix).
+@kbd{ESC} @var{C} (adding the meta prefix).
If @code{force-meta-prefix} is set to @samp{off} (the default),
Readline uses the value of the @code{convert-meta} variable to determine
whether to perform this conversion:
If set to @samp{on}, this alters the default completion behavior when
inserting a single match into the line.
It's only active when performing completion in the middle of a word.
-If enabled, readline does not insert characters from the completion
+If enabled, Readline does not insert characters from the completion
that match characters after point in the word being completed,
so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
For instance, if this is enabled, attempting completion when the cursor
@code{set-mark} command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the @dfn{region}.
Readline has the concept of an @emph{active region}:
-when the region is active, Readline redisplay uses the
-value of the @code{active-region-start-color} variable
-to denote the region.
+when the region is active,
+Readline redisplay highlights the region using the
+value of the @code{active-region-start-color} variable.
+The @code{enable-active-region} variable turns this on and off.
Several commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
@node Commands For Moving
This command is unbound by default.
@item execute-named-command (M-x)
-Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute the
+Read a bindable Readline command name from the input and execute the
function to which it's bound, as if the key sequence to which it was
bound appeared in the input.
If this function is supplied with a numeric argument, it passes that
When the user attempts word completion for an argument to a command for
which a completion specification (a @dfn{compspec}) has been defined
using the @code{complete} builtin (@pxref{Programmable Completion Builtins}),
-\fBreadline\fP invokes the programmable completion facilities.
+Readline invokes the programmable completion facilities.
First, Bash identifies the command name.
If a compspec has been defined for that command, the
apply to ``empty'' command completion; and
the @option{-I} option indicates that other supplied options should
apply to completion on the initial word on the line.
-These are determined in the same way as the \fBcomplete\fP builtin.
+These are determined in the same way as the @code{complete} builtin.
If multiple options are supplied, the @option{-D} option takes precedence
over @option{-E}, and both take precedence over @option{-I}
@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{1}
@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{1}
@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{1}
-@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{1}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-title}{Readline Movement Commands}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-snt}{Section@tie 1.2.2}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-title}{Readline Killing Commands}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 1.2.3}
+@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{2}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{2}
-@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{2}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-title}{Readline Arguments}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 1.2.4}
@xrdef{Searching-title}{Searching for Commands in the History}
@xrdef{Searching-snt}{Section@tie 1.2.5}
+@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{3}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{3}
@xrdef{Searching-pg}{3}
@xrdef{Readline Init File-title}{Readline Init File}
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{4}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-title}{Conditional Init Constructs}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 1.3.2}
-@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{12}
+@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{14}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-title}{Sample Init File}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-snt}{Section@tie 1.3.3}
-@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{13}
+@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{15}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-title}{Bindable Readline Commands}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-snt}{Section@tie 1.4}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-title}{Commands For Moving}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.1}
-@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{16}
-@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{16}
+@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{18}
+@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{18}
@xrdef{Commands For History-title}{Commands For Manipulating The History}
@xrdef{Commands For History-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.2}
-@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{17}
+@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{19}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-title}{Commands For Changing Text}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.3}
-@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{18}
+@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{21}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-title}{Killing And Yanking}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.4}
-@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{19}
+@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{22}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-title}{Specifying Numeric Arguments}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.5}
-@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{20}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-title}{Letting Readline Type For You}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.6}
+@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{23}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-title}{Keyboard Macros}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.7}
-@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{21}
-@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{21}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-title}{Some Miscellaneous Commands}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-snt}{Section@tie 1.4.8}
-@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{22}
+@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{24}
+@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{24}
+@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{25}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-title}{Readline vi Mode}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-snt}{Section@tie 1.5}
-@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{23}
+@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{26}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}}
-@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{24}
+@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{27}
\entry{interaction, readline}{1}{interaction, readline}
-\entry{notation, readline}{1}{notation, readline}
-\entry{command editing}{1}{command editing}
-\entry{editing command lines}{1}{editing command lines}
-\entry{killing text}{2}{killing text}
-\entry{yanking text}{2}{yanking text}
-\entry{kill ring}{2}{kill ring}
+\entry{notation, readline}{2}{notation, readline}
+\entry{command editing}{2}{command editing}
+\entry{editing command lines}{2}{editing command lines}
+\entry{killing text}{3}{killing text}
+\entry{yanking text}{3}{yanking text}
+\entry{kill ring}{3}{kill ring}
\entry{initialization file, readline}{4}{initialization file, readline}
-\entry{variables, readline}{4}{variables, readline}
+\entry{variables, readline}{5}{variables, readline}
\initial {C}
-\entry {command editing}{1}
+\entry{command editing}{2}
\initial {E}
-\entry {editing command lines}{1}
+\entry{editing command lines}{2}
\initial {I}
-\entry {initialization file, readline}{4}
-\entry {interaction, readline}{1}
+\entry{initialization file, readline}{4}
+\entry{interaction, readline}{1}
\initial {K}
-\entry {kill ring}{2}
-\entry {killing text}{2}
+\entry{kill ring}{3}
+\entry{killing text}{3}
\initial {N}
-\entry {notation, readline}{1}
+\entry{notation, readline}{2}
\initial {V}
-\entry {variables, readline}{4}
+\entry{variables, readline}{5}
\initial {Y}
-\entry {yanking text}{2}
+\entry{yanking text}{3}
-\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{16}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
-\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{16}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
-\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{16}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
-\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{16}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
-\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{16}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
-\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{16}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
-\entry{previous-screen-line ()}{16}{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}
-\entry{next-screen-line ()}{16}{\code {next-screen-line ()}}
-\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{16}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
-\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{17}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
-\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{17}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
-\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{17}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
-\entry{next-history (C-n)}{17}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
-\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{17}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
-\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{17}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
-\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{17}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
-\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{17}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
-\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{17}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
-\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{17}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
-\entry{history-search-forward ()}{17}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
-\entry{history-search-backward ()}{17}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
-\entry{history-substring-search-forward ()}{17}{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}
-\entry{history-substring-search-backward ()}{18}{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}
-\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{18}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
-\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{18}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
-\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{18}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}
-\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{18}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
-\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{18}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
-\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{18}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
-\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{18}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
-\entry{tab-insert (M-TAB)}{19}{\code {tab-insert (M-\key {TAB})}}
-\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{19}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
-\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{19}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}
-\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{19}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
-\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{19}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
-\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{19}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
-\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{19}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
-\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{19}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
-\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{19}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
-\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{19}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
-\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{20}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
-\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{20}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
-\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{20}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
-\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{20}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
-\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{20}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
-\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{20}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
-\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{20}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
-\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{20}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
-\entry{kill-region ()}{20}{\code {kill-region ()}}
-\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{20}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
-\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{20}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
-\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{20}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
-\entry{yank (C-y)}{20}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
-\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{20}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
-\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{20}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
-\entry{universal-argument ()}{21}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
-\entry{complete (TAB)}{21}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
-\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{21}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
-\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{21}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
-\entry{menu-complete ()}{21}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
-\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{21}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}
-\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{21}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
-\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{21}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
-\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{22}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
-\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{22}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
-\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{22}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}
-\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{22}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
-\entry{abort (C-g)}{22}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
-\entry{do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, ...{})}{22}{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
-\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{22}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
-\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{22}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
-\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{22}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
-\entry{tilde-expand (M-~)}{22}{\code {tilde-expand (M-~)}}
-\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{22}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
-\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{22}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
-\entry{character-search (C-])}{22}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
-\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{22}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
-\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{23}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}
-\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{23}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
-\entry{dump-functions ()}{23}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
-\entry{dump-variables ()}{23}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
-\entry{dump-macros ()}{23}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
-\entry{emacs-editing-mode (C-e)}{23}{\code {emacs-editing-mode (C-e)}}
-\entry{vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)}{23}{\code {vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)}}
+\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{18}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
+\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{18}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
+\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{18}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
+\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{18}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
+\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{18}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
+\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{18}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
+\entry{previous-screen-line ()}{18}{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}
+\entry{next-screen-line ()}{18}{\code {next-screen-line ()}}
+\entry{clear-display (M-C-l)}{19}{\code {clear-display (M-C-l)}}
+\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{19}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
+\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{19}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
+\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{19}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
+\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{19}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
+\entry{next-history (C-n)}{19}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
+\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{19}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
+\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{19}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
+\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{19}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
+\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{19}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
+\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{19}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
+\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{19}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
+\entry{history-search-backward ()}{20}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
+\entry{history-search-forward ()}{20}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
+\entry{history-substring-search-backward ()}{20}{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}
+\entry{history-substring-search-forward ()}{20}{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}
+\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{20}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
+\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{20}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
+\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{20}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}
+\entry{fetch-history ()}{21}{\code {fetch-history ()}}
+\entry{end-of-file (usually C-d)}{21}{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}
+\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{21}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
+\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{21}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
+\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{21}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
+\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{21}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
+\entry{tab-insert (M-TAB)}{21}{\code {tab-insert (M-\key {TAB})}}
+\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{21}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
+\entry{bracketed-paste-begin ()}{21}{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}
+\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{21}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
+\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{22}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
+\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{22}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
+\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{22}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
+\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{22}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
+\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{22}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
+\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{22}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
+\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{22}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
+\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{22}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
+\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{22}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
+\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{22}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
+\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{22}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
+\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{23}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
+\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{23}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
+\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{23}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
+\entry{kill-region ()}{23}{\code {kill-region ()}}
+\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{23}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
+\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{23}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
+\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{23}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
+\entry{yank (C-y)}{23}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
+\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{23}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
+\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{23}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
+\entry{universal-argument ()}{23}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
+\entry{complete (TAB)}{24}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
+\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{24}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
+\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{24}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
+\entry{menu-complete ()}{24}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
+\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{24}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}
+\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{24}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
+\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{24}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
+\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{24}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
+\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{24}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
+\entry{print-last-kbd-macro ()}{24}{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}
+\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{25}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
+\entry{abort (C-g)}{25}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
+\entry{do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-x, ...{})}{25}{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
+\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{25}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
+\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{25}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
+\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{25}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
+\entry{tilde-expand (M-~)}{25}{\code {tilde-expand (M-~)}}
+\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{25}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
+\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{25}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
+\entry{character-search (C-])}{25}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
+\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{25}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
+\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{25}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}
+\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{25}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
+\entry{dump-functions ()}{26}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
+\entry{dump-variables ()}{26}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
+\entry{dump-macros ()}{26}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
+\entry{execute-named-command (M-x)}{26}{\code {execute-named-command (M-x)}}
+\entry{emacs-editing-mode (C-e)}{26}{\code {emacs-editing-mode (C-e)}}
+\entry{vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)}{26}{\code {vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)}}
\initial {A}
-\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{22}
-\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{17}
+\entry{\code {abort (C-g)}}{25}
+\entry{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{19}
\initial {B}
-\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{16}
-\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{18}
-\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{20}
-\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{20}
-\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{16}
-\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{17}
-\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{16}
-\entry {\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{19}
+\entry{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{18}
+\entry{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{21}
+\entry{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{22}
+\entry{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{22}
+\entry{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{18}
+\entry{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{18}
+\entry{\code {bracketed-paste-begin ()}}{21}
\initial {C}
-\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{22}
-\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{19}
-\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{22}
-\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{22}
-\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{16}
-\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{21}
-\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{20}
-\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{20}
-\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{20}
+\entry{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{24}
+\entry{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{22}
+\entry{\code {character-search (C-])}}{25}
+\entry{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{25}
+\entry{\code {clear-display (M-C-l)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{24}
+\entry{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{23}
+\entry{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{23}
+\entry{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{23}
\initial {D}
-\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{18}
-\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{21}
-\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{20}
-\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{20}
-\entry {\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{22}
-\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{19}
-\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{23}
-\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{23}
-\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{23}
+\entry{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{21}
+\entry{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{24}
+\entry{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{23}
+\entry{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{23}
+\entry{\code {do-lowercase-version (M-A, M-B, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{25}
+\entry{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{22}
+\entry{\code {dump-functions ()}}{26}
+\entry{\code {dump-macros ()}}{26}
+\entry{\code {dump-variables ()}}{26}
\initial {E}
-\entry {\code {emacs-editing-mode (C-e)}}{23}
-\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{22}
-\entry {\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{18}
-\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{17}
-\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{16}
-\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{22}
+\entry{\code {emacs-editing-mode (C-e)}}{26}
+\entry{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{24}
+\entry{\code {\i {end-of-file} (usually C-d)}}{21}
+\entry{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{18}
+\entry{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{25}
+\entry{\code {execute-named-command (M-x)}}{26}
\initial {F}
-\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{18}
-\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{16}
-\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{17}
-\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{16}
+\entry{\code {fetch-history ()}}{21}
+\entry{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{21}
+\entry{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{18}
+\entry{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{18}
\initial {H}
-\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{17}
-\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{17}
-\entry {\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}{18}
-\entry {\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}{17}
+\entry{\code {history-search-backward ()}}{20}
+\entry{\code {history-search-forward ()}}{20}
+\entry{\code {history-substring-search-backward ()}}{20}
+\entry{\code {history-substring-search-forward ()}}{20}
\initial {I}
-\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{23}
-\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{21}
+\entry{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{25}
+\entry{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{24}
\initial {K}
-\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{19}
-\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{20}
-\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{20}
-\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{20}
+\entry{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{22}
+\entry{\code {kill-region ()}}{23}
+\entry{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{22}
+\entry{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{22}
\initial {M}
-\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{21}
-\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{21}
+\entry{\code {menu-complete ()}}{24}
+\entry{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{24}
\initial {N}
-\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{17}
-\entry {\code {next-screen-line ()}}{16}
-\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{17}
-\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{17}
+\entry{\code {next-history (C-n)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {next-screen-line ()}}{18}
+\entry{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{19}
\initial {O}
-\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{19}
+\entry{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{20}
+\entry{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{22}
\initial {P}
-\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{21}
-\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{22}
-\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{17}
-\entry {\code {previous-screen-line ()}}{16}
-\entry {\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{22}
+\entry{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{24}
+\entry{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{25}
+\entry{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {previous-screen-line ()}}{18}
+\entry{\code {print-last-kbd-macro ()}}{24}
\initial {Q}
-\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{18}
+\entry{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{21}
\initial {R}
-\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{22}
-\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{17}
-\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{17}
-\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{22}
+\entry{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{25}
+\entry{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{19}
+\entry{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{25}
\initial {S}
-\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{19}
-\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{22}
-\entry {\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{23}
-\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{21}
+\entry{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{21}
+\entry{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{25}
+\entry{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{25}
+\entry{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{24}
\initial {T}
-\entry {\code {tab-insert (M-\key {TAB})}}{19}
-\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-~)}}{22}
-\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{19}
-\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {tab-insert (M-\key {TAB})}}{21}
+\entry{\code {tilde-expand (M-~)}}{25}
+\entry{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{21}
+\entry{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{22}
\initial {U}
-\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{22}
-\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{21}
-\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{20}
-\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{20}
-\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{20}
-\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{19}
+\entry{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{25}
+\entry{\code {universal-argument ()}}{23}
+\entry{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{23}
+\entry{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{22}
+\entry{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{23}
+\entry{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{22}
\initial {V}
-\entry {\code {vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)}}{23}
+\entry{\code {vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)}}{26}
\initial {Y}
-\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{20}
-\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{18}
-\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{18}
-\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{20}
+\entry{\code {yank (C-y)}}{23}
+\entry{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{20}
+\entry{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{20}
+\entry{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{23}
<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<!-- Created on October, 11 2024 by texi2html 1.64 -->
+<!-- Created on October, 18 2024 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
<!--docid::SEC2::-->
<P>
-The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
-keystrokes.
+The following paragraphs use Emacs style to
+describe the notation used to represent keystrokes.
</P><P>
The text <KBD>C-k</KBD> is read as `Control-K' and describes the character
The text <KBD>M-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character
produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <KBD>k</KBD>
-key is pressed (a <EM>meta character</EM>).
-The Meta key is labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> on many keyboards.
+key is pressed (a <EM>meta character</EM>), then both are released.
+The Meta key is labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> or <KBD>Option</KBD> on many keyboards.
On keyboards with two keys labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> (usually to either side of
the space bar), the <KBD>ALT</KBD> on the left side is generally set to
work as a Meta key.
-The <KBD>ALT</KBD> key on the right may also be configured to work as a
-Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a
+One of the <KBD>ALT</KBD> keys may also be configured
+as some other modifier, such as a
Compose key for typing accented characters.
</P><P>
-On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces meta characters with
+On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with
the eighth bit (0200) set.
You can use the <CODE>enable-meta-key</CODE> variable
to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it.
The name of this file is taken from the value of the
environment variable <CODE>INPUTRC</CODE>.
If that variable is unset, the default is <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>.
-If that file does not exist or cannot be read, readline looks for
+If that file does not exist or cannot be read, Readline looks for
<TT>`/etc/inputrc'</TT>.
</P><P>
The color definitions are taken from the value of the <CODE>LS_COLORS</CODE>
environment variable.
If there is a color definition in <CODE>LS_COLORS</CODE> for the custom suffix
-<SAMP>`readline-colored-completion-prefix'</SAMP>, Readline uses this color for
+<SAMP>`.readline-colored-completion-prefix'</SAMP>, Readline uses this color for
the common prefix instead of its default.
The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
The maximum
length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
completions that is displayed without modification.
-When set to a value greater than zero, readline
+When set to a value greater than zero, Readline
replaces common prefixes longer than this value
with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
<P>
(see <CODE>Key Bindings</CODE> in <A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC10">1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A>)
by converting a key sequence of the form
<KBD>\M-</KBD><VAR>C</VAR> or <CODE>Meta-</CODE><VAR>C</VAR> to the two-character sequence
-<KBD>ESC</KBD><VAR>C</VAR> (adding the meta prefix).
+<KBD>ESC</KBD> <VAR>C</VAR> (adding the meta prefix).
If <CODE>force-meta-prefix</CODE> is set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> (the default),
Readline uses the value of the <CODE>convert-meta</CODE> variable to determine
whether to perform this conversion:
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, this alters the default completion behavior when
inserting a single match into the line.
It's only active when performing completion in the middle of a word.
-If enabled, readline does not insert characters from the completion
+If enabled, Readline does not insert characters from the completion
that match characters after point in the word being completed,
so portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
For instance, if this is enabled, attempting completion when the cursor
<VAR>NEWLINE</VAR>,
<VAR>RET</VAR>,
<VAR>RETURN</VAR>,
-<VAR>RUBOUT</VAR>,
+<VAR>RUBOUT</VAR> (a destructive backspace),
<VAR>SPACE</VAR>,
<VAR>SPC</VAR>,
and
<CODE>set-mark</CODE> command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <EM>region</EM>.
Readline has the concept of an <EM>active region</EM>:
-when the region is active, Readline redisplay uses the
-value of the <CODE>active-region-start-color</CODE> variable
-to denote the region.
+when the region is active,
+Readline redisplay highlights the region using the
+value of the <CODE>active-region-start-color</CODE> variable.
+The <CODE>enable-active-region</CODE> variable turns this on and off.
Several commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
</P><P>
If this function is bound to the
same character as the tty EOF character, as <KBD>C-d</KBD>
commonly is, see above for the effects.
+This may also be bound to the Delete key on some keyboards.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX111"></A>
<A NAME="IDX221"></A>
<DT><CODE>execute-named-command (M-x)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX222"></A>
-Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute the
+Read a bindable Readline command name from the input and execute the
function to which it's bound, as if the key sequence to which it was
bound appeared in the input.
If this function is supplied with a numeric argument, it passes that
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 11 2024</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 18 2024</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 11 2024</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 18 2024</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
rluserman.texi.
This manual describes the end user interface of the GNU Readline Library
-(version 8.3, 10 October 2024), a library which aids in the consistency
+(version 8.3, 15 October 2024), a library which aids in the consistency
of user interface across discrete programs which provide a command line
interface.
1.1 Introduction to Line Editing
================================
-The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
-keystrokes.
+The following paragraphs use Emacs style to describe the notation used
+to represent keystrokes.
The text ‘C-k’ is read as 'Control-K' and describes the character
produced when the <k> key is pressed while the Control key is depressed.
The text ‘M-k’ is read as 'Meta-K' and describes the character
produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <k>
-key is pressed (a “meta character”). The Meta key is labeled <ALT> on
-many keyboards. On keyboards with two keys labeled <ALT> (usually to
-either side of the space bar), the <ALT> on the left side is generally
-set to work as a Meta key. The <ALT> key on the right may also be
-configured to work as a Meta key or may be configured as some other
-modifier, such as a Compose key for typing accented characters.
-
- On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces meta characters
-with the eighth bit (0200) set. You can use the ‘enable-meta-key’
-variable to control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows
-it. On many others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the
-metafied key to a key sequence beginning with <ESC> as described in the
-next paragraph.
+key is pressed (a “meta character”), then both are released. The Meta
+key is labeled <ALT> or <Option> on many keyboards. On keyboards with
+two keys labeled <ALT> (usually to either side of the space bar), the
+<ALT> on the left side is generally set to work as a Meta key. One of
+the <ALT> keys may also be configured as some other modifier, such as a
+Compose key for typing accented characters.
+
+ On some keyboards, the Meta key modifier produces characters with the
+eighth bit (0200) set. You can use the ‘enable-meta-key’ variable to
+control whether or not it does this, if the keyboard allows it. On many
+others, the terminal or terminal emulator converts the metafied key to a
+key sequence beginning with <ESC> as described in the next paragraph.
If you do not have a Meta or <ALT> key, or another key working as a
Meta key, you can generally achieve the latter effect by typing <ESC>
directory. The name of this file is taken from the value of the
environment variable ‘INPUTRC’. If that variable is unset, the default
is ‘~/.inputrc’. If that file does not exist or cannot be read,
-readline looks for ‘/etc/inputrc’.
+Readline looks for ‘/etc/inputrc’.
When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, Readline
reads the init file and sets any variables and key bindings it contains.
different color. The color definitions are taken from the
value of the ‘LS_COLORS’ environment variable. If there is a
color definition in ‘LS_COLORS’ for the custom suffix
- ‘readline-colored-completion-prefix’, Readline uses this color
- for the common prefix instead of its default. The default is
- ‘off’.
+ ‘.readline-colored-completion-prefix’, Readline uses this
+ color for the common prefix instead of its default. The
+ default is ‘off’.
‘colored-stats’
If set to ‘on’, Readline displays possible completions using
‘completion-prefix-display-length’
The maximum length in characters of the common prefix of a
list of possible completions that is displayed without
- modification. When set to a value greater than zero, readline
+ modification. When set to a value greater than zero, Readline
replaces common prefixes longer than this value with an
ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
key sequences containing ‘\M-’ or ‘Meta-’ (see ‘Key Bindings’
in *note Readline Init File Syntax::) by converting a key
sequence of the form ‘\M-’C or ‘Meta-’C to the two-character
- sequence ‘ESC’C (adding the meta prefix). If
+ sequence ‘ESC’ C (adding the meta prefix). If
‘force-meta-prefix’ is set to ‘off’ (the default), Readline
uses the value of the ‘convert-meta’ variable to determine
whether to perform this conversion: if ‘convert-meta’ is ‘on’,
If set to ‘on’, this alters the default completion behavior
when inserting a single match into the line. It's only active
when performing completion in the middle of a word. If
- enabled, readline does not insert characters from the
+ enabled, Readline does not insert characters from the
completion that match characters after point in the word being
completed, so portions of the word following the cursor are
not duplicated. For instance, if this is enabled, attempting
This key binding syntax recognizes a number of symbolic
character names: DEL, ESC, ESCAPE, LFD, NEWLINE, RET, RETURN,
- RUBOUT, SPACE, SPC, and TAB.
+ RUBOUT (a destructive backspace), SPACE, SPC, and TAB.
"KEYSEQ": FUNCTION-NAME or MACRO
KEYSEQ differs from KEYNAME above in that strings denoting an
position, and “mark” refers to a cursor position saved by the ‘set-mark’
command. The text between the point and mark is referred to as the
“region”. Readline has the concept of an _active region_: when the
-region is active, Readline redisplay uses the value of the
-‘active-region-start-color’ variable to denote the region. Several
-commands set the region to active; those are noted below.
+region is active, Readline redisplay highlights the region using the
+value of the ‘active-region-start-color’ variable. The
+‘enable-active-region’ variable turns this on and off. Several commands
+set the region to active; those are noted below.
\1f
File: rluserman.info, Node: Commands For Moving, Next: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands
‘delete-char (C-d)’
Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the
same character as the tty EOF character, as ‘C-d’ commonly is, see
- above for the effects.
+ above for the effects. This may also be bound to the Delete key on
+ some keyboards.
‘backward-delete-char (Rubout)’
Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means
default.
‘execute-named-command (M-x)’
- Read a bindable readline command name from the input and execute
+ Read a bindable Readline command name from the input and execute
the function to which it's bound, as if the key sequence to which
it was bound appeared in the input. If this function is supplied
with a numeric argument, it passes that argument to the function it
Node: Top\7f906
Node: Command Line Editing\7f1428
Node: Introduction and Notation\7f2082
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f4437
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f5630
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f7443
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f8444
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f10472
-Node: Searching\7f11534
-Node: Readline Init File\7f13766
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f14965
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f41331
-Node: Sample Init File\7f45721
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f48847
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f50166
-Node: Commands For History\7f52097
-Node: Commands For Text\7f57303
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f61083
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f63540
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f64697
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f66785
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f67491
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f71816
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f72810
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f4439
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f5632
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f7445
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f8446
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f10474
+Node: Searching\7f11536
+Node: Readline Init File\7f13768
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f14967
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f41361
+Node: Sample Init File\7f45751
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f48877
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f50262
+Node: Commands For History\7f52193
+Node: Commands For Text\7f57399
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f61245
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f63702
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f64859
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f66947
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f67653
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f71978
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f72972
\1f
End Tag Table
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+(where)h(y)o(ou)g(can)f(edit)h(the)75 2332 y(text)h(of)h(the)g(line)f
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+Fn(j)p Fo(',)f(and)h(so)g(forth.)p eop end
%%Page: 27 30
TeXDict begin 27 29 bop 1830 -58 a Fo(27)75 149 y Fk(App)r(endix)26
b(A)41 b(GNU)27 b(F)-7 b(ree)26 b(Do)r(cumen)n(tation)j(License)679
@numchapentry{Command Line Editing}{1}{Command Line Editing}{1}
@numsecentry{Introduction to Line Editing}{1.1}{Introduction and Notation}{1}
@numsecentry{Readline Interaction}{1.2}{Readline Interaction}{1}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{1.2.1}{Readline Bare Essentials}{1}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{1.2.1}{Readline Bare Essentials}{2}
@numsubsecentry{Readline Movement Commands}{1.2.2}{Readline Movement Commands}{2}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{1.2.3}{Readline Killing Commands}{2}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{1.2.3}{Readline Killing Commands}{3}
@numsubsecentry{Readline Arguments}{1.2.4}{Readline Arguments}{3}
@numsubsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{1.2.5}{Searching}{3}
@numsecentry{Readline Init File}{1.3}{Readline Init File}{4}
@numsubsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{1.3.1}{Readline Init File Syntax}{4}
-@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{1.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{12}
-@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{1.3.3}{Sample Init File}{13}
-@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{1.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{16}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{1.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{16}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{1.4.2}{Commands For History}{17}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{1.4.3}{Commands For Text}{18}
-@numsubsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{1.4.4}{Commands For Killing}{19}
-@numsubsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{1.4.5}{Numeric Arguments}{20}
-@numsubsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{1.4.6}{Commands For Completion}{21}
-@numsubsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{1.4.7}{Keyboard Macros}{21}
-@numsubsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{1.4.8}{Miscellaneous Commands}{22}
-@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{1.5}{Readline vi Mode}{23}
-@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{A}{GNU Free Documentation License}{24}
+@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{1.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{14}
+@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{1.3.3}{Sample Init File}{15}
+@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{1.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{18}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{1.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{18}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{1.4.2}{Commands For History}{19}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{1.4.3}{Commands For Text}{21}
+@numsubsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{1.4.4}{Commands For Killing}{22}
+@numsubsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{1.4.5}{Numeric Arguments}{23}
+@numsubsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{1.4.6}{Commands For Completion}{24}
+@numsubsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{1.4.7}{Keyboard Macros}{24}
+@numsubsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{1.4.8}{Miscellaneous Commands}{25}
+@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{1.5}{Readline vi Mode}{26}
+@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{A}{GNU Free Documentation License}{27}
+\entry{active-region-start-color}{5}{\code {active-region-start-color}}
+\entry{active-region-end-color}{5}{\code {active-region-end-color}}
\entry{bell-style}{5}{\code {bell-style}}
\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{5}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}
-\entry{blink-matching-paren}{5}{\code {blink-matching-paren}}
-\entry{colored-completion-prefix}{5}{\code {colored-completion-prefix}}
-\entry{colored-stats}{5}{\code {colored-stats}}
-\entry{comment-begin}{5}{\code {comment-begin}}
-\entry{completion-display-width}{5}{\code {completion-display-width}}
-\entry{completion-ignore-case}{5}{\code {completion-ignore-case}}
-\entry{completion-map-case}{5}{\code {completion-map-case}}
-\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{5}{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}
+\entry{blink-matching-paren}{6}{\code {blink-matching-paren}}
+\entry{colored-completion-prefix}{6}{\code {colored-completion-prefix}}
+\entry{colored-stats}{6}{\code {colored-stats}}
+\entry{comment-begin}{6}{\code {comment-begin}}
+\entry{completion-display-width}{6}{\code {completion-display-width}}
+\entry{completion-ignore-case}{6}{\code {completion-ignore-case}}
+\entry{completion-map-case}{6}{\code {completion-map-case}}
+\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{6}{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}
\entry{completion-query-items}{6}{\code {completion-query-items}}
-\entry{convert-meta}{6}{\code {convert-meta}}
-\entry{disable-completion}{6}{\code {disable-completion}}
-\entry{echo-control-characters}{6}{\code {echo-control-characters}}
-\entry{editing-mode}{6}{\code {editing-mode}}
-\entry{emacs-mode-string}{6}{\code {emacs-mode-string}}
-\entry{enable-bracketed-paste}{6}{\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}
-\entry{enable-keypad}{7}{\code {enable-keypad}}
-\entry{expand-tilde}{7}{\code {expand-tilde}}
-\entry{history-preserve-point}{7}{\code {history-preserve-point}}
-\entry{history-size}{7}{\code {history-size}}
-\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{7}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
-\entry{input-meta}{7}{\code {input-meta}}
-\entry{meta-flag}{7}{\code {meta-flag}}
-\entry{isearch-terminators}{7}{\code {isearch-terminators}}
-\entry{keymap}{8}{\code {keymap}}
-\entry{mark-modified-lines}{8}{\code {mark-modified-lines}}
-\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{8}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}
-\entry{match-hidden-files}{8}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
-\entry{menu-complete-display-prefix}{8}{\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}
-\entry{output-meta}{8}{\code {output-meta}}
-\entry{page-completions}{9}{\code {page-completions}}
-\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{9}{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}
-\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{9}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
-\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{9}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
-\entry{show-mode-in-prompt}{9}{\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}
-\entry{skip-completed-text}{9}{\code {skip-completed-text}}
-\entry{vi-cmd-mode-string}{10}{\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}
-\entry{vi-ins-mode-string}{10}{\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}
-\entry{visible-stats}{10}{\code {visible-stats}}
+\entry{convert-meta}{7}{\code {convert-meta}}
+\entry{disable-completion}{7}{\code {disable-completion}}
+\entry{echo-control-characters}{7}{\code {echo-control-characters}}
+\entry{editing-mode}{7}{\code {editing-mode}}
+\entry{emacs-mode-string}{7}{\code {emacs-mode-string}}
+\entry{enable-active-region The}{7}{\code {enable-active-region The}}
+\entry{enable-bracketed-paste}{8}{\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}
+\entry{enable-keypad}{8}{\code {enable-keypad}}
+\entry{enable-meta-key}{8}{\code {enable-meta-key}}
+\entry{expand-tilde}{8}{\code {expand-tilde}}
+\entry{force-meta-prefix}{8}{\code {force-meta-prefix}}
+\entry{history-preserve-point}{8}{\code {history-preserve-point}}
+\entry{history-size}{9}{\code {history-size}}
+\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{9}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
+\entry{input-meta}{9}{\code {input-meta}}
+\entry{meta-flag}{9}{\code {meta-flag}}
+\entry{isearch-terminators}{9}{\code {isearch-terminators}}
+\entry{keymap}{9}{\code {keymap}}
+\entry{mark-modified-lines}{10}{\code {mark-modified-lines}}
+\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{10}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}
+\entry{match-hidden-files}{10}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
+\entry{menu-complete-display-prefix}{10}{\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}
+\entry{output-meta}{10}{\code {output-meta}}
+\entry{page-completions}{10}{\code {page-completions}}
+\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{10}{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}
+\entry{search-ignore-case}{11}{\code {search-ignore-case}}
+\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{11}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
+\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{11}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
+\entry{show-mode-in-prompt}{11}{\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}
+\entry{skip-completed-text}{11}{\code {skip-completed-text}}
+\entry{vi-cmd-mode-string}{11}{\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}
+\entry{vi-ins-mode-string}{12}{\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}
+\entry{visible-stats}{12}{\code {visible-stats}}
+\initial {A}
+\entry{\code {active-region-end-color}}{5}
+\entry{\code {active-region-start-color}}{5}
\initial {B}
-\entry {\code {bell-style}}{5}
-\entry {\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{5}
-\entry {\code {blink-matching-paren}}{5}
+\entry{\code {bell-style}}{5}
+\entry{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{5}
+\entry{\code {blink-matching-paren}}{6}
\initial {C}
-\entry {\code {colored-completion-prefix}}{5}
-\entry {\code {colored-stats}}{5}
-\entry {\code {comment-begin}}{5}
-\entry {\code {completion-display-width}}{5}
-\entry {\code {completion-ignore-case}}{5}
-\entry {\code {completion-map-case}}{5}
-\entry {\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{5}
-\entry {\code {completion-query-items}}{6}
-\entry {\code {convert-meta}}{6}
+\entry{\code {colored-completion-prefix}}{6}
+\entry{\code {colored-stats}}{6}
+\entry{\code {comment-begin}}{6}
+\entry{\code {completion-display-width}}{6}
+\entry{\code {completion-ignore-case}}{6}
+\entry{\code {completion-map-case}}{6}
+\entry{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{6}
+\entry{\code {completion-query-items}}{6}
+\entry{\code {convert-meta}}{7}
\initial {D}
-\entry {\code {disable-completion}}{6}
+\entry{\code {disable-completion}}{7}
\initial {E}
-\entry {\code {echo-control-characters}}{6}
-\entry {\code {editing-mode}}{6}
-\entry {\code {emacs-mode-string}}{6}
-\entry {\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}{6}
-\entry {\code {enable-keypad}}{7}
-\entry {\code {expand-tilde}}{7}
+\entry{\code {echo-control-characters}}{7}
+\entry{\code {editing-mode}}{7}
+\entry{\code {emacs-mode-string}}{7}
+\entry{\code {enable-active-region The}}{7}
+\entry{\code {enable-bracketed-paste}}{8}
+\entry{\code {enable-keypad}}{8}
+\entry{\code {enable-meta-key}}{8}
+\entry{\code {expand-tilde}}{8}
+\initial {F}
+\entry{\code {force-meta-prefix}}{8}
\initial {H}
-\entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{7}
-\entry {\code {history-size}}{7}
-\entry {\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{7}
+\entry{\code {history-preserve-point}}{8}
+\entry{\code {history-size}}{9}
+\entry{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{9}
\initial {I}
-\entry {\code {input-meta}}{7}
-\entry {\code {isearch-terminators}}{7}
+\entry{\code {input-meta}}{9}
+\entry{\code {isearch-terminators}}{9}
\initial {K}
-\entry {\code {keymap}}{8}
+\entry{\code {keymap}}{9}
\initial {M}
-\entry {\code {mark-modified-lines}}{8}
-\entry {\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{8}
-\entry {\code {match-hidden-files}}{8}
-\entry {\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}{8}
-\entry {\code {meta-flag}}{7}
+\entry{\code {mark-modified-lines}}{10}
+\entry{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{10}
+\entry{\code {match-hidden-files}}{10}
+\entry{\code {menu-complete-display-prefix}}{10}
+\entry{\code {meta-flag}}{9}
\initial {O}
-\entry {\code {output-meta}}{8}
+\entry{\code {output-meta}}{10}
\initial {P}
-\entry {\code {page-completions}}{9}
+\entry{\code {page-completions}}{10}
\initial {R}
-\entry {\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{9}
+\entry{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{10}
\initial {S}
-\entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{9}
-\entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{9}
-\entry {\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}{9}
-\entry {\code {skip-completed-text}}{9}
+\entry{\code {search-ignore-case}}{11}
+\entry{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{11}
+\entry{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{11}
+\entry{\code {show-mode-in-prompt}}{11}
+\entry{\code {skip-completed-text}}{11}
\initial {V}
-\entry {\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}{10}
-\entry {\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}{10}
-\entry {\code {visible-stats}}{10}
+\entry{\code {vi-cmd-mode-string}}{11}
+\entry{\code {vi-ins-mode-string}}{12}
+\entry{\code {visible-stats}}{12}
@set EDITION 8.3
@set VERSION 8.3
-@set UPDATED 14 October 2024
+@set UPDATED 15 October 2024
@set UPDATED-MONTH October 2024
-@set LASTCHANGE Mon Oct 14 11:42:19 EDT 2024
+@set LASTCHANGE Tue Oct 15 16:54:39 EDT 2024
#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
# ifdef _MINIX
-initialize_shell_signals (# include <sys/types.h>
+# include <sys/types.h>
# endif
# include <unistd.h>
#endif
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
