Merge branch 'main' into fix-field-exclude-parameter-typing

diff --cc sqlmodel/main.py
index 1fec1ac129f1eb2eeed4d9be865c5e3ab70534d7,300031de8bd2783f5eeb7b33a2d5b77e755fc06e..1de03ce902291f13b9e20d9de4023e9ccb80c8a5
--- 1/sqlmodel/main.py
--- 2/sqlmodel/main.py
+++ b/sqlmodel/main.py
@@@ -3,21 -3,19 +3,21 @@@ from __future__ import annotation
  import builtins
  import ipaddress
  import uuid
 +import warnings
  import weakref
- from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence, Set
+ from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, Sequence, Set
+ from dataclasses import dataclass
  from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta
  from decimal import Decimal
  from enum import Enum
  from pathlib import Path
  from typing import (
      TYPE_CHECKING,
 +    Annotated,
      Any,
-     Callable,
      ClassVar,
      Literal,
-     Optional,
+     TypeAlias,
      TypeVar,
      Union,
      cast,
@@@ -83,16 -82,14 +84,16 @@@ if TYPE_CHECKING
  
  _T = TypeVar("_T")
  NoArgAnyCallable = Callable[[], Any]
- IncEx: TypeAlias = Union[
-     set[int],
-     set[str],
-     Mapping[int, Union["IncEx", bool]],
-     Mapping[str, Union["IncEx", bool]],
- ]
+ IncEx: TypeAlias = (
+     set[int]
+     | set[str]
+     | Mapping[int, Union["IncEx", bool]]
+     | Mapping[str, Union["IncEx", bool]]
+ )
  OnDeleteType = Literal["CASCADE", "SET NULL", "RESTRICT"]
  
 +INCLUDE_DEPRECATION_MSG = "`include` is deprecated and does nothing. It will be removed, use `exclude` instead"
 +
  
  def __dataclass_transform__(
      *,
@@@ -209,43 -238,40 +242,43 @@@ def _get_sqlmodel_field_value
  def Field(
      default: Any = Undefined,
      *,
-     default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = None,
-     alias: Optional[str] = None,
-     validation_alias: Optional[str] = None,
-     serialization_alias: Optional[str] = None,
-     title: Optional[str] = None,
-     description: Optional[str] = None,
-     exclude: Union[bool, None] = None,
+     default_factory: NoArgAnyCallable | None = None,
+     alias: str | None = None,
+     validation_alias: str | None = None,
+     serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+     title: str | None = None,
+     description: str | None = None,
 -    exclude: Set[int | str] | Mapping[int | str, Any] | Any = None,
 -    include: Set[int | str] | Mapping[int | str, Any] | Any = None,
++    exclude: bool | None = None,
 +    include: Annotated[
-         Union[Set[Union[int, str]], Mapping[Union[int, str], Any], Any],
++        Set[int | str] | Mapping[int | str, Any] | Any,
 +        deprecated(INCLUDE_DEPRECATION_MSG),
 +    ] = None,
-     const: Optional[bool] = None,
-     gt: Optional[float] = None,
-     ge: Optional[float] = None,
-     lt: Optional[float] = None,
-     le: Optional[float] = None,
-     multiple_of: Optional[float] = None,
-     max_digits: Optional[int] = None,
-     decimal_places: Optional[int] = None,
-     min_items: Optional[int] = None,
-     max_items: Optional[int] = None,
-     unique_items: Optional[bool] = None,
-     min_length: Optional[int] = None,
-     max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+     const: bool | None = None,
+     gt: float | None = None,
+     ge: float | None = None,
+     lt: float | None = None,
+     le: float | None = None,
+     multiple_of: float | None = None,
+     max_digits: int | None = None,
+     decimal_places: int | None = None,
+     min_items: int | None = None,
+     max_items: int | None = None,
+     unique_items: bool | None = None,
+     min_length: int | None = None,
+     max_length: int | None = None,
      allow_mutation: bool = True,
-     regex: Optional[str] = None,
-     discriminator: Optional[str] = None,
+     regex: str | None = None,
+     discriminator: str | None = None,
      repr: bool = True,
-     primary_key: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
+     primary_key: bool | UndefinedType = Undefined,
      foreign_key: Any = Undefined,
-     unique: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     nullable: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     index: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     sa_type: Union[type[Any], UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     sa_column_args: Union[Sequence[Any], UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     sa_column_kwargs: Union[Mapping[str, Any], UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     schema_extra: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+     unique: bool | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     nullable: bool | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     index: bool | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     sa_type: type[Any] | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     sa_column_args: Sequence[Any] | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     sa_column_kwargs: Mapping[str, Any] | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
  ) -> Any: ...
  
  
@@@ -255,44 -281,41 +288,44 @@@
  def Field(
      default: Any = Undefined,
      *,
-     default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = None,
-     alias: Optional[str] = None,
-     validation_alias: Optional[str] = None,
-     serialization_alias: Optional[str] = None,
-     title: Optional[str] = None,
-     description: Optional[str] = None,
-     exclude: Union[bool, None] = None,
+     default_factory: NoArgAnyCallable | None = None,
+     alias: str | None = None,
+     validation_alias: str | None = None,
+     serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+     title: str | None = None,
+     description: str | None = None,
 -    exclude: Set[int | str] | Mapping[int | str, Any] | Any = None,
 -    include: Set[int | str] | Mapping[int | str, Any] | Any = None,
++    exclude: bool | None = None,
 +    include: Annotated[
-         Union[Set[Union[int, str]], Mapping[Union[int, str], Any], Any],
++        Set[int | str] | Mapping[int | str, Any] | Any,
 +        deprecated(INCLUDE_DEPRECATION_MSG),
 +    ] = None,
-     const: Optional[bool] = None,
-     gt: Optional[float] = None,
-     ge: Optional[float] = None,
-     lt: Optional[float] = None,
-     le: Optional[float] = None,
-     multiple_of: Optional[float] = None,
-     max_digits: Optional[int] = None,
-     decimal_places: Optional[int] = None,
-     min_items: Optional[int] = None,
-     max_items: Optional[int] = None,
-     unique_items: Optional[bool] = None,
-     min_length: Optional[int] = None,
-     max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+     const: bool | None = None,
+     gt: float | None = None,
+     ge: float | None = None,
+     lt: float | None = None,
+     le: float | None = None,
+     multiple_of: float | None = None,
+     max_digits: int | None = None,
+     decimal_places: int | None = None,
+     min_items: int | None = None,
+     max_items: int | None = None,
+     unique_items: bool | None = None,
+     min_length: int | None = None,
+     max_length: int | None = None,
      allow_mutation: bool = True,
-     regex: Optional[str] = None,
-     discriminator: Optional[str] = None,
+     regex: str | None = None,
+     discriminator: str | None = None,
      repr: bool = True,
-     primary_key: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
+     primary_key: bool | UndefinedType = Undefined,
      foreign_key: str,
-     ondelete: Union[OnDeleteType, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     unique: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     nullable: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     index: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     sa_type: Union[type[Any], UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     sa_column_args: Union[Sequence[Any], UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     sa_column_kwargs: Union[Mapping[str, Any], UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     schema_extra: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+     ondelete: OnDeleteType | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     unique: bool | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     nullable: bool | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     index: bool | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     sa_type: type[Any] | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     sa_column_args: Sequence[Any] | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     sa_column_kwargs: Mapping[str, Any] | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
  ) -> Any: ...
  
  
@@@ -310,87 -333,77 +343,87 @@@
  def Field(
      default: Any = Undefined,
      *,
-     default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = None,
-     alias: Optional[str] = None,
-     validation_alias: Optional[str] = None,
-     serialization_alias: Optional[str] = None,
-     title: Optional[str] = None,
-     description: Optional[str] = None,
-     exclude: Union[bool, None] = None,
+     default_factory: NoArgAnyCallable | None = None,
+     alias: str | None = None,
+     validation_alias: str | None = None,
+     serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+     title: str | None = None,
+     description: str | None = None,
 -    exclude: Set[int | str] | Mapping[int | str, Any] | Any = None,
 -    include: Set[int | str] | Mapping[int | str, Any] | Any = None,
++    exclude: bool | None = None,
 +    include: Annotated[
-         Union[Set[Union[int, str]], Mapping[Union[int, str], Any], Any],
++        Set[int | str] | Mapping[int | str, Any] | Any,
 +        deprecated(INCLUDE_DEPRECATION_MSG),
 +    ] = None,
-     const: Optional[bool] = None,
-     gt: Optional[float] = None,
-     ge: Optional[float] = None,
-     lt: Optional[float] = None,
-     le: Optional[float] = None,
-     multiple_of: Optional[float] = None,
-     max_digits: Optional[int] = None,
-     decimal_places: Optional[int] = None,
-     min_items: Optional[int] = None,
-     max_items: Optional[int] = None,
-     unique_items: Optional[bool] = None,
-     min_length: Optional[int] = None,
-     max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+     const: bool | None = None,
+     gt: float | None = None,
+     ge: float | None = None,
+     lt: float | None = None,
+     le: float | None = None,
+     multiple_of: float | None = None,
+     max_digits: int | None = None,
+     decimal_places: int | None = None,
+     min_items: int | None = None,
+     max_items: int | None = None,
+     unique_items: bool | None = None,
+     min_length: int | None = None,
+     max_length: int | None = None,
      allow_mutation: bool = True,
-     regex: Optional[str] = None,
-     discriminator: Optional[str] = None,
+     regex: str | None = None,
+     discriminator: str | None = None,
      repr: bool = True,
-     sa_column: Union[Column[Any], UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     schema_extra: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+     sa_column: Column[Any] | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
  ) -> Any: ...
  
  
  def Field(
      default: Any = Undefined,
      *,
-     default_factory: Optional[NoArgAnyCallable] = None,
-     alias: Optional[str] = None,
-     validation_alias: Optional[str] = None,
-     serialization_alias: Optional[str] = None,
-     title: Optional[str] = None,
-     description: Optional[str] = None,
-     exclude: Union[bool, None] = None,
+     default_factory: NoArgAnyCallable | None = None,
+     alias: str | None = None,
+     validation_alias: str | None = None,
+     serialization_alias: str | None = None,
+     title: str | None = None,
+     description: str | None = None,
 -    exclude: Set[int | str] | Mapping[int | str, Any] | Any = None,
 -    include: Set[int | str] | Mapping[int | str, Any] | Any = None,
++    exclude: bool | None = None,
 +    include: Annotated[
-         Union[Set[Union[int, str]], Mapping[Union[int, str], Any], Any],
++        Set[int | str] | Mapping[int | str, Any] | Any,
 +        deprecated(INCLUDE_DEPRECATION_MSG),
 +    ] = None,
-     const: Optional[bool] = None,
-     gt: Optional[float] = None,
-     ge: Optional[float] = None,
-     lt: Optional[float] = None,
-     le: Optional[float] = None,
-     multiple_of: Optional[float] = None,
-     max_digits: Optional[int] = None,
-     decimal_places: Optional[int] = None,
-     min_items: Optional[int] = None,
-     max_items: Optional[int] = None,
-     unique_items: Optional[bool] = None,
-     min_length: Optional[int] = None,
-     max_length: Optional[int] = None,
+     const: bool | None = None,
+     gt: float | None = None,
+     ge: float | None = None,
+     lt: float | None = None,
+     le: float | None = None,
+     multiple_of: float | None = None,
+     max_digits: int | None = None,
+     decimal_places: int | None = None,
+     min_items: int | None = None,
+     max_items: int | None = None,
+     unique_items: bool | None = None,
+     min_length: int | None = None,
+     max_length: int | None = None,
      allow_mutation: bool = True,
-     regex: Optional[str] = None,
-     discriminator: Optional[str] = None,
+     regex: str | None = None,
+     discriminator: str | None = None,
      repr: bool = True,
-     primary_key: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
+     primary_key: bool | UndefinedType = Undefined,
      foreign_key: Any = Undefined,
-     ondelete: Union[OnDeleteType, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     unique: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     nullable: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     index: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     sa_type: Union[type[Any], UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     sa_column: Union[Column, UndefinedType] = Undefined,  # type: ignore
-     sa_column_args: Union[Sequence[Any], UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     sa_column_kwargs: Union[Mapping[str, Any], UndefinedType] = Undefined,
-     schema_extra: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
+     ondelete: OnDeleteType | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     unique: bool | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     nullable: bool | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     index: bool | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     sa_type: type[Any] | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     sa_column: Column | UndefinedType = Undefined,  # type: ignore
+     sa_column_args: Sequence[Any] | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     sa_column_kwargs: Mapping[str, Any] | UndefinedType = Undefined,
+     schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
  ) -> Any:
      current_schema_extra = schema_extra or {}
 +
 +    if include is not None:
 +        warnings.warn(INCLUDE_DEPRECATION_MSG, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
 +
      # Extract possible alias settings from schema_extra so we can control precedence
      schema_validation_alias = current_schema_extra.pop("validation_alias", None)
      schema_serialization_alias = current_schema_extra.pop("serialization_alias", None)

diff --cc tests/test_pydantic/test_field.py
Simple merge