terms soon!
.. glossary::
-
+ :sorted:
descriptor
In Python, a descriptor is an object attribute with “binding behavior”, one whose attribute access has been overridden by methods in the `descriptor protocol <http://docs.python.org/howto/descriptor.html>`_.
or relationship to a related class.
lazy load
+ lazy loads
In object relational mapping, a "lazy load" refers to an
attribute that does not contain its database-side value
for some period of time, typically when the object is
release
releases
released
- This term refers to when an operation terminates some state which
- corresponds to a service of some kind. Specifically within
- SQLAlchemy, it usually refers to a reference to a database connection,
- and typically a transaction associated with that connection.
- When we say "the operation releases transactional resources",
- it means basically that we have a :class:`.Connection` object
- and we are calling the :meth:`.Connection.close` method, which has
- the effect of the underlying DBAPI connection being returned
- to the connection pool. The connection pool, when it receives
- a connection for return, unconditionally calls the ``rollback()``
- method of the DBAPI connection, so that any locks or data snapshots within
- that connection are removed. Then, the connection is either
- stored locally in memory, still connected but not in a transaction,
- for subsequent reuse by another operation, or it is closed
- immediately, depending on the configuration and current
- state of the connection pool.
+ In the context of SQLAlchemy, the term "released"
+ refers to the process of ending the usage of a particular
+ database connection. SQLAlchemy features the usage
+ of connection pools, which allows configurability as to
+ the lifespan of database connections. When using a pooled
+ connection, the process of "closing" it, i.e. invoking
+ a statement like ``connection.close()``, may have the effect
+ of the connection being returned to an existing pool,
+ or it may have the effect of actually shutting down the
+ underlying TCP/IP connection referred to by that connection -
+ which one takes place depends on configuration as well
+ as the current state of the pool. So we used the term
+ *released* instead, to mean "do whatever it is you do
+ with connections when we're done using them".
+
+ The term will sometimes be used in the phrase, "release
+ transactional resources", to indicate more explicitly that
+ what we are actually "releasing" is any transactional
+ state which as accumulated upon the connection. In most
+ situations, the proces of selecting from tables, emitting
+ updates, etc. acquires :term:`isolated` state upon
+ that connection as well as potential row or table locks.
+ This state is all local to a particular transaction
+ on the connection, and is released when we emit a rollback.
+ An important feature of the connection pool is that when
+ we return a connection to the pool, the ``connection.rollback()``
+ method of the DBAPI is called as well, so that as the
+ connection is set up to be used again, it's in a "clean"
+ state with no references held to the previous series
+ of operations.
.. seealso::
:ref:`pooling_toplevel`
+ DBAPI
+ DBAPI is shorthand for the phrase "Python Database API
+ Specification". This is a widely used specification
+ within Python to define common usage patterns for all
+ database connection packages. The DBAPI is a "low level"
+ API which is typically the lowest level system used
+ in a Python application to talk to a database. SQLAlchemy's
+ :term:`dialect` system is constructed around the
+ operation of the DBAPI, providing individual dialect
+ classes which service a specific DBAPI on top of a
+ specific database engine; for example, the :func:`.create_engine`
+ URL ``postgresql+psycopg2://@localhost/test``
+ refers to the :mod:`psycopg2 <.postgresql.psycopg2>`
+ DBAPI/dialect combination, whereas the URL ``mysql+mysqldb://@localhost/test``
+ refers to the :mod:`MySQL for Python <.mysql.mysqldb>`
+ DBAPI DBAPI/dialect combination.
+
+ .. seealso::
+
+ `PEP 249 - Python Database API Specification v2.0 <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/>`_
+
unit of work
This pattern is where the system transparently keeps