- rl_username_completion_function: simplify things by just skipping the
function body if HAVE_GETPWENT is not defined.
From a report by Grisha Levit <grishalevit@gmail.com>
+
+lib/sh/ufuncs.c
+ - fsleep: broke into three functions: nsleep, which uses nanosleep,
+ ssleep, which uses select/pselect, and ancientsleep, which uses
+ sleep. Prefer nanosleep, use the others depending on what's
+ defined.
+ From a report and patch by Grisha Levit <grishalevit@gmail.com>
+
+arrayfunc.c
+ - assign_compound_array_list: now behaves more like a series of
+ assignment statements (a=(one two) is more like a[0]=one a[1]=two)
+ in terms of error handling -- break after the first invalid
+ assignment -- and return value -- now return int, 0 on failure and
+ 1 on success so the callers can throw assignment errors
+ - assign_compound_array_list: if we have an explicit [subscript]=value
+ assignment, use the negative-indices-count-back-from-the-end strategy;
+ otherwise use last_ind and throw an error on overflow. This is like
+ standalone assignment statements
+ - assign_array_var_from_string: catch new return value from
+ assign_compound_array_list; return NULL if assign_compound_array_list
+ returns failure
+
+subst.c
+ - do_compound_assignment: if assign_compound_array_list or
+ assign_array_var_from_string return error (0 or NULL, respectively),
+ treat as an assignment error similar to assigning to a readonly
+ variable
+ Inspired by a report from Emanuele Torre <torreemanuele6@gmail.com>
+
+arrayfunc.h
+ - assign_compound_array_list: new return type
+
+ 7/5
+ ---
+builtins/enable.def
+ - enable_builtin: make sure dynamic builtin loading and unloading
+ updates the `enabled' and `disabled' programmable completion lists.
+ From a report and patch by Grisha Levit <grishalevit@gmail.com>
+
+doc/bash.1,doc/bashref.texi
+ - hash: add note that assigment to PATH clears the hash table.
+ Report by Sebastian Carlos <sebaaa1754@gmail.com>
+
+lib/readline/complete.c
+ - rl_filename_completion_function: make sure the results of
+ *rl_filename_rewrite_hook are freed consistently if the function
+ returns newly-allocated memory
+ From a report and patch by Grisha Levit <grishalevit@gmail.com>
+ back in May
+
a = array_cell (var);
i = (flags & ASS_APPEND) ? array_max_index (a) + 1 : 0;
- if (a && i < 0) /* overflow */
+
+ for (l = list; l; l = l->next, i++)
{
- char *num;
+ if (a && i < 0) /* overflow */
+ {
+ char *num;
- num = itos (i);
- report_error ("%s[%s]: %s", var->name, num, bash_badsub_errmsg);
- free (num);
- return (var); /* XXX */
- }
+ num = itos (i);
+ report_error ("%s[%s]: %s", var->name, num, bash_badsub_errmsg);
+ free (num);
+ return (var); /* XXX */
+ }
- for (l = list; l; l = l->next, i++)
- bind_array_var_internal (var, i, 0, l->word->word, flags & ~ASS_APPEND);
+ bind_array_var_internal (var, i, 0, l->word->word, flags & ~ASS_APPEND);
+ }
VUNSETATTR (var, att_invisible); /* no longer invisible */
If this is an associative array, we perform the assignments into NHASH and
set NHASH to be the value of VAR after processing the assignments in NLIST */
-void
+int
assign_compound_array_list (SHELL_VAR *var, WORD_LIST *nlist, int flags)
{
ARRAY *a;
HASH_TABLE *h, *nhash;
WORD_LIST *list;
char *w, *val, *nval, *savecmd;
- int len, iflags, free_val;
+ int len, iflags, free_val, any_failed;
arrayind_t ind, last_ind;
char *akey;
akey = (char *)0;
ind = 0;
+ any_failed = 0;
+
/* Now that we are ready to assign values to the array, kill the existing
value. */
if ((flags & ASS_APPEND) == 0)
nhash = assoc_create (h->nbuckets);
}
- last_ind = (a && (flags & ASS_APPEND)) ? array_max_index (a) + 1 : 0;
-
#if ASSOC_KVPAIR_ASSIGNMENT
if (assoc_p (var) && kvpair_assignment_p (nlist))
{
var_setassoc (var, nhash);
assoc_dispose (h);
}
- return;
+ return 1; /* XXX - check return value */
}
#endif
+ last_ind = (a && (flags & ASS_APPEND)) ? array_max_index (a) + 1 : 0;
+
for (list = nlist; list; list = list->next)
{
/* Don't allow var+=(values) to make assignments in VALUES append to
iflags = flags & ~ASS_APPEND;
w = list->word->word;
- if (array_p (var) && last_ind < 0) /* overflow */
- {
- char *num;
-
- num = itos (last_ind);
- report_error ("%s[%s]: %s", var->name, num, bash_badsub_errmsg);
- free (num);
- return;
- }
-
/* We have a word of the form [ind]=value */
if ((list->word->flags & W_ASSIGNMENT) && w[0] == '[')
{
/* XXX - changes for `+=' */
if (w[len] != ']' || (w[len+1] != '=' && (w[len+1] != '+' || w[len+2] != '=')))
{
- if (assoc_p (var))
+ if (assoc_p (var) || last_ind < 0)
{
err_badarraysub (w);
- continue;
+ any_failed++;
+ break;
}
nval = make_variable_value (var, w, flags);
if (var->assign_func)
if (len == 1)
{
err_badarraysub (w);
- continue;
+ any_failed++;
+ break;
}
if (ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (w[1]) && len == 2 && array_p (var))
{
set_exit_status (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
report_error (_("%s: cannot assign to non-numeric index"), w);
- continue;
+ any_failed++;
+ break;
}
if (array_p (var))
if (ind < 0)
{
err_badarraysub (w);
- continue;
+ any_failed++;
+ break;
}
last_ind = ind;
{
err_badarraysub (w);
FREE (akey);
- continue;
+ any_failed++;
+ break;
}
}
{
set_exit_status (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
report_error (_("%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"), var->name, w);
- continue;
+ any_failed++;
+ break;
}
else /* No [ind]=value, just a stray `=' */
{
val = w;
}
+ if (array_p (var) && ind < 0) /* overflow */
+ {
+ char *num;
+
+ num = itos (ind);
+ report_error ("%s[%s]: %s", var->name, num, bash_badsub_errmsg);
+ free (num);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
free_val = 0;
/* See above; we need to expand the value here */
if (assoc_p (var))
var_setassoc (var, nhash);
assoc_dispose (h);
}
+
+ return (any_failed ? 0 : 1);
}
/* Perform a compound array assignment: VAR->name=( VALUE ). The
assign_array_var_from_string (SHELL_VAR *var, char *value, int flags)
{
WORD_LIST *nlist;
- int aflags;
+ int aflags, r;
if (value == 0)
return var;
expand_compound_array_assignment performs word expansions. Honors
array_expand_once; allows @ and * as associative array keys. */
aflags = flags | (array_expand_once ? ASS_NOEXPAND : 0) | ASS_ALLOWALLSUB;
- assign_compound_array_list (var, nlist, aflags);
+ r = assign_compound_array_list (var, nlist, aflags);
if (nlist)
dispose_words (nlist);
if (var)
VUNSETATTR (var, att_invisible); /* no longer invisible */
- return (var);
+ return (r == 0 ? (SHELL_VAR *)0 : var);
}
/* Quote globbing chars and characters in $IFS before the `=' in an assignment
extern SHELL_VAR *assign_array_var_from_word_list (SHELL_VAR *, WORD_LIST *, int);
extern WORD_LIST *expand_compound_array_assignment (SHELL_VAR *, char *, int);
-extern void assign_compound_array_list (SHELL_VAR *, WORD_LIST *, int);
+extern int assign_compound_array_list (SHELL_VAR *, WORD_LIST *, int);
extern SHELL_VAR *assign_array_var_from_string (SHELL_VAR *, char *, int);
extern char *expand_and_quote_assoc_word (char *, int);
result = EXECUTION_FAILURE; /* normalize return value */
#if defined (PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION)
set_itemlist_dirty (&it_builtins);
+ set_itemlist_dirty (&it_enabled);
+ set_itemlist_dirty (&it_disabled);
#endif
}
#endif
}
#if defined (PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION)
set_itemlist_dirty (&it_builtins);
+ set_itemlist_dirty (&it_enabled);
+ set_itemlist_dirty (&it_disabled);
#endif
}
#endif
opt = r;
#if defined (PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION)
set_itemlist_dirty (&it_builtins);
+ set_itemlist_dirty (&it_enabled);
+ set_itemlist_dirty (&it_disabled);
#endif
}
#endif
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
- causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd op-
- tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
- are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the hashed full
- pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be displayed in a for-
- mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
- if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remembered commands is
- printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
- or an invalid option is supplied.
+ causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. Assigning
+ to the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable also clears all hashed filenames. The -\b-d\bd
+ option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
+ which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
+ hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
+ played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments
+ are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
+ bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
than the last history position, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
+ back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
refers to the current h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd command.
-\b-d\bd _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt-_\be_\bn_\bd
- Delete the range of history entries between positions
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
+ Delete the range of history entries between positions
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd are interpreted as described above.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
- These are history lines entered since the beginning of
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
+ These are history lines entered since the beginning of
the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session, but not already appended to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
- pended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
+ pended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
- -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
the current history list.
-\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is
0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
- is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
+ is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs [-\b-l\bln\bnp\bpr\brs\bs] [ _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... ]
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl|-\b-L\bL [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
- equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
+ equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid op-
tion is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ... | - ]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
- is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
- options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function after
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
+ is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
+ options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function after
the call to l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl are restored to their original values when the
function returns. The restore is effected as if a series of s\bse\bet\bt
- commands were executed to restore the values that were in place
- before the function. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
- local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ commands were executed to restore the values that were in place
+ before the function. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
- input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
+ input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
string, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
- -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
Removes entries from the directory stack. The elements are num-
- bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
- With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
+ bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
+ With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
stack, and changes to the new top directory. Arguments, if sup-
plied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
directories from the stack, so that only the stack is ma-
nipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
- example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
+ example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
- _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
+ If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
+ _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
to the directory at the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd
returns a non-zero value.
- Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
+ Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
tered, the directory stack is empty, or a non-existent directory
stack entry is specified.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
- final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
0.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(3) format characters c\bcs\bsn\bnd\bdi\bio\bou\bux\bxX\bXe\be-\b-
E\bEf\bfF\bFg\bgG\bGa\baA\bA, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf interprets the following additional format spec-
ifiers:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in the same way as e\bec\bch\bho\bo -\b-e\be.
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
- format that can be reused as shell input. %\b%q\bq and %\b%Q\bQ use
- the $\b$'\b''\b' quoting style if any characters in the argument
- string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
- the format string uses the _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf alternate form, these
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ format that can be reused as shell input. %\b%q\bq and %\b%Q\bQ use
+ the $\b$'\b''\b' quoting style if any characters in the argument
+ string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
+ the format string uses the _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf alternate form, these
two formats quote the argument string using single
quotes.
- %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt before quoting it.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
- -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been
- given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
+ given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
ior.
The %b, %q, and %T format specifiers all use the field width and
precision arguments from the format specification and write that
- many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
- gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
+ many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
+ gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
nal.
The %n format specifier accepts a corresponding argument that is
treated as a shell variable name.
- The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
+ The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
which forces them to convert the argument string to a wide-char-
acter string and apply any supplied field width and precision in
terms of characters, not bytes.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
- value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
plied or a write or assignment error occurs.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
- directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
- ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
+ ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
- or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
+ or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
stack is manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top
After the stack has been modified, if the -\b-n\bn option was not sup-
- plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
+ plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns a non-zero
value.
- Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
- the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
- stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
+ Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
+ the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
+ stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
non-existent directory stack element is specified.
- If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
final contents of the directory stack.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in-
valid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
scriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split into
- words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
- word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
- ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
+ words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
+ word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
+ ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
- words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
- scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
+ the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
+ words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
+ scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
(\\b\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char-
- acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
+ acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
variable _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, starting at 0. _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is unset before any
- new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
+ new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
nored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the in-
- put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
- string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
+ put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
- not previously active) editing settings, but uses read-
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ not previously active) editing settings, but uses read-
line's default filename completion.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- are read. The result is not split on the characters in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ are read. The result is not split on the characters in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see
the -\b-r\br option below).
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
line continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
- not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
- mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
- mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
+ not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
+ mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
+ mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, r\bre\bea\bad\bd saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
- turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
- exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
- file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
- otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
+ the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
+ turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
+ exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
+ file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
+ otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
- If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
- limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
- tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
- 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
+ limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
+ tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
+ 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
only variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied
as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
- rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
+ rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
rays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If no
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
- used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
- names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+ used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
+ names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+ that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
- fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
- that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
t\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to de-
- termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
- handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
- command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
- cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
- is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
- the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
- that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
- command executed within the script as the exit status of the
+ termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
+ handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
+ command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
+ cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
+ is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
+ the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
+ that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
+ command executed within the script as the exit status of the
script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least signif-
- icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
- plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
- not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
+ icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
+ plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
+ not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execution re-
sumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
- able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
+ Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
+ able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
- be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
- output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
- are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
- ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
+ be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
+ output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
+ are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
+ ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $\b$1\b1,
- $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
+ $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
ings:
-\b-a\ba Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero status.
- The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
- part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
- or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
- e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
- &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
+ The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
+ part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
+ or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
+ e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
+ &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the
- command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
- compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
- zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
- ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
- set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
+ command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
+ compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
+ zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
+ ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
+ set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
- context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
nored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
- NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
+ The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
+ NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
a\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
below for a reference to a document that details
how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
- pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
+ pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-r\br Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un-
set once it has been set.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
- scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
+ scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
- and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to
standard error.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex-
- ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the
- shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
- turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
+ shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
+ turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
- set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
- If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
+ set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
+ If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional param-
- eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
+ eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
-\b-o\bo option is used, those available with the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list
- of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
+ of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
whether or not each is set; if _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the output
- is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
- be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
+ is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
+ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
tions have the following meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
- tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
+ tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
- If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
+ If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
sociative and indexed array subscripts during arithmetic
expression evaluation, while executing builtins that can
- perform variable assignments, and while executing
+ perform variable assignments, and while executing
builtins that perform array dereferencing.
a\bas\bss\bso\boc\bc_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
Deprecated; a synonym for a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be.
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
(see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones ex-
iting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
- (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
- values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
+ (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
+ values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
default.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
- easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
- enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
+ enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
history is enabled, as described above under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
+ These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE below).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
- pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
+ pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
- fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
+ fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
- and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
+ and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
+ If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell
- starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
- ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
+ starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
+ ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
is enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
simulates a call to r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above).
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
- ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
- scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
+ ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
+ scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
fault.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
- as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
- parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
- quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
- between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
+ as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
+ parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
+ quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
+ between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs
- If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
+ If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
names `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b', even if the pattern begins with
a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'. This option is enabled by default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell ex-
its, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
tion is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
tribute is not inherited.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt
- If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
- function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
- them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
- cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
current function scope.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
- tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
+ tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
n\bno\boe\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsl\bla\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
- quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
+ quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
the string is not translated, this has no effect.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh expands occurrences of &\b& in the replacement
- string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
- the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
+ the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above. This option is enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
- as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
- has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
+ has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
- moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
+ moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
- stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
+ stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
v\bva\bar\brr\bre\bed\bdi\bir\br_\b_c\bcl\blo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
+ If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
assigned using the _\b{_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\b} redirection syntax (see R\bRE\bE-\b-
- D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) instead of leaving them open when the
+ D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) instead of leaving them open when the
command completes.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
quences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
- signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
- cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be used to override this
- and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the
- shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
+ cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be used to override this
+ and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the
+ shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is
not supplied.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and op-
- erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
- listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
- pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
+ pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
- arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
- third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
- the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
- argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
+ third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
+ the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
+ argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
wise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is a command that is read and executed when the shell
receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is the null string the signal specified by
- each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in-
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is the null string the signal specified by
+ each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in-
vokes.
- If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
+ If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
ated with each trapped signal as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands that can
- be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
- tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
- displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
+ be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
+ tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+ displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands
- that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
- dispositions. The -\b-P\bP option behaves similarly, but displays
- only the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. -\b-P\bP re-
- quires at least one _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. The -\b-P\bP or -\b-p\bp options to
- t\btr\bra\bap\bp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub-
- stitution) and, as long as they are used before t\btr\bra\bap\bp is used to
- change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par-
+ that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
+ dispositions. The -\b-P\bP option behaves similarly, but displays
+ only the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. -\b-P\bP re-
+ quires at least one _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. The -\b-P\bP or -\b-p\bp options to
+ t\btr\bra\bap\bp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub-
+ stitution) and, as long as they are used before t\btr\bra\bap\bp is used to
+ change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par-
ent's traps.
- The -\b-l\bl option causes t\btr\bra\bap\bp to print a list of signal names and
- their corresponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal
- name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names
+ The -\b-l\bl option causes t\btr\bra\bap\bp to print a list of signal names and
+ their corresponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal
+ name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names
are case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
executed before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
- a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the de-
- scription of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for de-
- tails of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN,
- the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed each time a shell function or a
- script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes execut-
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the de-
+ scription of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for de-
+ tails of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN,
+ the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed each time a shell function or a
+ script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes execut-
ing.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a
pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
- the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
+ the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command
- following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
- last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
+ last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
!\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) op-
tion.
When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to
the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit
trapping signals ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not
- being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
- or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
+ being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
+ or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\btr\bru\bue\be Does nothing, returns a 0 status.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not found, then nothing is printed, and t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns a non-zero
- exit status. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
- name of the executable file that would be found by searching
- $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified as a command name, or nothing if
- ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, even if ``type -t name'' would not
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not found, then nothing is printed, and t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns a non-zero
+ exit status. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ name of the executable file that would be found by searching
+ $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified as a command name, or nothing if
+ ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, even if ``type -t name'' would not
return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed
- value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places
- that contain a command named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases, re-
- served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op-
+ value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places
+ that contain a command named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases, re-
+ served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op-
tions (-\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP) can be supplied to restrict the output to exe-
- cutable files. t\bty\byp\bpe\be does not consult the table of hashed com-
+ cutable files. t\bty\byp\bpe\be does not consult the table of hashed com-
mands when using -\b-a\ba with -\b-p\bp, and only performs a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell function lookup, as with
- the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if all of the arguments
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell function lookup, as with
+ the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if all of the arguments
are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] -\b-a\ba
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] [-\b-b\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPR\bRT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
- spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
+ spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is given.
- When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
- unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
+ When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
+ unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
tions are interpreted as follows:
-\b-a\ba All current limits are reported; no limits are set
-\b-b\bb The maximum socket buffer size
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-k\bk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-P\bP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
- -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
+ -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
blocking, in microseconds
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
- new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
- then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
- for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
- which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
- -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
- -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
- unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
+ which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
+ -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
+ -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
+ unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [-n\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
- is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
- has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
- Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
+ is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
+ has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
+ Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD,
- C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
- N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
+ N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
only or may not be unset.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [-\b-p\bp _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bi_\bd _\b._\b._\b.]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination
- status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
- a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
- background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
+ status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
+ a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
+ background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
its process id is the same as $\b$!\b!, and the return status is zero.
- If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
+ If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
the list of _\bi_\bds or, if no _\bi_\bds are supplied, any job, to complete
- and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
+ and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the
- shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
- the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
- job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
- variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
- will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
- only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
- when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
+ shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
+ the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
+ job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
+ variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
+ will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
+ only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
+ when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it
- changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
- the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
- the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
- S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS above. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status
+ changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
+ the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
+ the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS above. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status
of the last process or job waited for.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE
- Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
- fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
- ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
- level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
- sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
- scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
+ Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
+ fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
+ ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
+ level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
+ sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
+ scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
temporary solution.
- This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
- lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
- regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
+ This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
+ lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
+ regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent versions).
- If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
- compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
- level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
- that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
- present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
- based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
+ If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
+ compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
+ level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
+ that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
+ present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
+ based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 will enable
- ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
- cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
- levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
+ ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
+ cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
+ levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
find out the current behavior.
- Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
+ Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte-
- ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
+ ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
patibility level.
- Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
- levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
+ levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
P\bPA\bAT\bT.
- Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
- shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
+ Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
+ shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
bash-5.0 and later versions.
- The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
+ The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
compatibility level setting. The c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN tag is used as shorthand for
setting the compatibility level to _\bN_\bN using one of the following mecha-
- nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
- set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
- later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
+ nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
+ set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
+ later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
quired for bash-5.1 and later versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
ator (=~) has no special effect
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
- +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
- the execution of the next command in the list (in
- bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
- ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
+ +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
+ the execution of the next command in the list (in
+ bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
+ ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
list aborts the execution of the entire list)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
- +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
+ +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col-
- lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
+ lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
+ +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre-
tation 267)
+\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, the parser requires that an even number of
- single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
- quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
- that characters within the single quotes are considered
+ single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
+ quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
+ that characters within the single quotes are considered
quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
+\bo the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu-
- tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
+ tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
sions after bash-4.2
- +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
- expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
- expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
- other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
- tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
+ +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
+ expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
+ expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
+ other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
+ tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
special within double-quoted word expansions
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
- +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
- is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
- ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
+ +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
+ is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
+ ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
versions warn that this usage is deprecated
- +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
- that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
- mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
+ +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
+ that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
+ mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
that cause the shell to exit)
- +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
+ +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
(while/until/etc.) is not reset, so b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in
that function will break or continue loops in the calling
- context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
+ context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
vent this
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
+ +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
parameters even if extended debugging mode is not enabled
- +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
- b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
- Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
+ +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
+ b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
+ Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
exit
- +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
shell is not in posix mode
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
+ +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibility
- level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
- from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
- dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
+ level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
+ from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
+ dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0
- +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
- to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
- fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
- input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
+ +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
+ to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
+ fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
+ input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
tion is supplied.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b51\b1
- +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
- scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
- ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
+ +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
+ scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
+ ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
previous versions.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
- +\bo setting or unsetting the values of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, E\bEN\bNV\bV,
+ +\bo setting or unsetting the values of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, E\bEN\bNV\bV,
or B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
+\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
- +\bo turning off restricted mode with s\bse\bet\bt +\b+r\br or s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt -\b-u\bu r\bre\be-\b-
+ +\bo turning off restricted mode with s\bse\bet\bt +\b+r\br or s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt -\b-u\bu r\bre\be-\b-
s\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl.
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE --
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/
http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
- The default value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, the file in which bash saves the
+ The default value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE, the file in which bash saves the
command history
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/ and _\bh_\bt_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bg_\bi_\bt_\b._\bs_\ba_\bv_\ba_\bn_\b-
_\bn_\ba_\bh_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bc_\bg_\bi_\bt_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b._\bg_\bi_\bt_\b/_\bs_\bn_\ba_\bp_\bs_\bh_\bo_\bt_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b-_\bm_\ba_\bs_\bt_\be_\br_\b._\bt_\ba_\br_\b._\bg_\bz.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
.B \-r
option causes the shell to forget all
remembered locations.
+Assigning to the \fBPATH\fP variable also clears all hashed filenames.
The
.B \-d
option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each \fIname\fP.
option causes the shell to forget all
remembered locations.
+Assigning to the <B>PATH</B> variable also clears all hashed filenames.
The
<B>-d</B>
<DT><A HREF="#lbDI">BUGS</A><DD>
</DL>
<HR>
-This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230626/doc/bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 28 June 2023 14:10:33 EDT
+This document was created by man2html from /usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230703/doc/bash.1.<BR>
+Time: 05 July 2023 11:27:18 EDT
</BODY>
</HTML>
This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 28 June 2023).
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 29 June 2023).
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 28 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 29 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3.
Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 28 June 2023). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 29 June 2023). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 28 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 29 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the
original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves
-("quote removal").
+("quote removal"). *Note Quote Removal:: for more details.
Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion can
increase the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
expansions of '"$@"' and '$*' (*note Special Parameters::), and
'"${NAME[@]}"' and '${NAME[*]}' (*note Arrays::).
- After all expansions, 'quote removal' (*note Quote Removal::) is
-performed.
-
\1f
File: bash.info, Node: Brace Expansion, Next: Tilde Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions
'hash'
hash [-r] [-p FILENAME] [-dt] [NAME]
- Each time 'hash' is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the
+ Each time 'hash' is invoked, it remembers the full filenames of the
commands specified as NAME arguments, so they need not be searched
for on subsequent invocations. The commands are found by searching
through the directories listed in '$PATH'. Any
- previously-remembered pathname is discarded. The '-p' option
+ previously-remembered filename is discarded. The '-p' option
inhibits the path search, and FILENAME is used as the location of
NAME. The '-r' option causes the shell to forget all remembered
- locations. The '-d' option causes the shell to forget the
+ locations. Assigning to the 'PATH' variable also clears all hashed
+ filenames. The '-d' option causes the shell to forget the
remembered location of each NAME. If the '-t' option is supplied,
the full pathname to which each NAME corresponds is printed. If
multiple NAME arguments are supplied with '-t', the NAME is printed
* :: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 11)
* [: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 280)
+ (line 281)
* alias: Bash Builtins. (line 11)
* bg: Job Control Builtins.
(line 7)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 69)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 217)
+ (line 218)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 504)
* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 601)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 227)
+ (line 228)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 246)
+ (line 247)
* set: The Set Builtin. (line 11)
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 267)
+ (line 268)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
* source: Bash Builtins. (line 610)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 116)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 280)
+ (line 281)
* times: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 365)
+ (line 366)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 371)
+ (line 372)
* true: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 433)
+ (line 434)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 615)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 653)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 659)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 438)
+ (line 439)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 765)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 456)
+ (line 457)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 76)
Node: Positional Parameters\7f66296
Node: Special Parameters\7f67195
Node: Shell Expansions\7f70406
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f72530
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f75261
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f77879
-Node: Command Substitution\7f96278
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f99739
-Node: Process Substitution\7f100704
-Node: Word Splitting\7f101821
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f103866
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f106796
-Node: Quote Removal\7f111795
-Node: Redirections\7f112087
-Node: Executing Commands\7f121777
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f122444
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f124551
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f126935
-Node: Environment\7f129967
-Node: Exit Status\7f131627
-Node: Signals\7f133408
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f136854
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f139878
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f141913
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f164244
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f196240
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f196582
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f207177
-Node: Special Builtins\7f223181
-Node: Shell Variables\7f224157
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f224591
-Node: Bash Variables\7f226692
-Node: Bash Features\7f261646
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f262656
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f268666
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f273794
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f274202
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f274848
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f275660
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f279286
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f283925
-Node: Aliases\7f286883
-Node: Arrays\7f289774
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f296334
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f297115
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f301372
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f304334
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f306941
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f322854
-Node: Job Control\7f331095
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f331552
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f336551
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f342343
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f343496
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f345164
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f346784
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f347972
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f349758
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f350715
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f352633
-Node: Searching\7f353674
-Node: Readline Init File\7f355857
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f357115
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f380903
-Node: Sample Init File\7f385096
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f388217
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f389418
-Node: Commands For History\7f391466
-Node: Commands For Text\7f396457
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f400103
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f403133
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f404269
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f408457
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f409142
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f415177
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f416081
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f423858
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f434975
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f440220
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f440901
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f443903
-Node: History Interaction\7f448924
-Node: Event Designators\7f452541
-Node: Word Designators\7f453892
-Node: Modifiers\7f455649
-Node: Installing Bash\7f457454
-Node: Basic Installation\7f458588
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f462307
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f463045
-Node: Installation Names\7f464734
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f466840
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f467554
-Node: Operation Controls\7f468224
-Node: Optional Features\7f469179
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f480395
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f481726
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f498572
-Node: Indexes\7f523746
-Node: Builtin Index\7f524197
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f531295
-Node: Variable Index\7f533740
-Node: Function Index\7f550871
-Node: Concept Index\7f564652
+Node: Brace Expansion\7f72491
+Node: Tilde Expansion\7f75222
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f77840
+Node: Command Substitution\7f96239
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f99700
+Node: Process Substitution\7f100665
+Node: Word Splitting\7f101782
+Node: Filename Expansion\7f103827
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f106757
+Node: Quote Removal\7f111756
+Node: Redirections\7f112048
+Node: Executing Commands\7f121738
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f122405
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f124512
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f126896
+Node: Environment\7f129928
+Node: Exit Status\7f131588
+Node: Signals\7f133369
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f136815
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f139839
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f141874
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f164278
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f196274
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f196616
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f207211
+Node: Special Builtins\7f223215
+Node: Shell Variables\7f224191
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f224625
+Node: Bash Variables\7f226726
+Node: Bash Features\7f261680
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f262690
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f268700
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f273828
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f274236
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f274882
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f275694
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f279320
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f283959
+Node: Aliases\7f286917
+Node: Arrays\7f289808
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f296368
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f297149
+Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f301406
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f304368
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f306975
+Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f322888
+Node: Job Control\7f331129
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f331586
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f336585
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f342377
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f343530
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f345198
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f346818
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f348006
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f349792
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f350749
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f352667
+Node: Searching\7f353708
+Node: Readline Init File\7f355891
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f357149
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f380937
+Node: Sample Init File\7f385130
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f388251
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f389452
+Node: Commands For History\7f391500
+Node: Commands For Text\7f396491
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f400137
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f403167
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f404303
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f408491
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f409176
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f415211
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f416115
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f423892
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f435009
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f440254
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f440935
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f443937
+Node: History Interaction\7f448958
+Node: Event Designators\7f452575
+Node: Word Designators\7f453926
+Node: Modifiers\7f455683
+Node: Installing Bash\7f457488
+Node: Basic Installation\7f458622
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f462341
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f463079
+Node: Installation Names\7f464768
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f466874
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f467588
+Node: Operation Controls\7f468258
+Node: Optional Features\7f469213
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f480429
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f481760
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f498606
+Node: Indexes\7f523780
+Node: Builtin Index\7f524231
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f531329
+Node: Variable Index\7f533774
+Node: Function Index\7f550905
+Node: Concept Index\7f564686
\1f
End Tag Table
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.22.4
-%%CreationDate: Fri Jun 16 12:13:32 2023
+%%CreationDate: Wed Jul 5 11:27:22 2023
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
(~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti)
144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E
(TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
-(2023 June 16)148.175 E(1)202.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(2023 June 28)148.175 E(1)202.335 E 0 Cg EP
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669.6 R F6(SHELL GRAMMAR)72 686.4 Q F0
(This section describes the syntax of the v)108 698.4 Q
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G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F2(command1)2.7 E F0(returns an e)2.5 E
(xit status of zero \(success\).)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108
712.8 Q F2(command1)144 729.6 Q F1(||)2.5 E F2(command2)2.5 E F0
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.583(with inde)144 720 R 3.083(x0)-.15 G .582
(contains the portion of the string matching the entire re)-.001 F .582
(gular e)-.15 F 3.082(xpression. Substrings)-.15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
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(Using)144 720 Q F3(;;&)3.378 E F0 .878(in place of)3.378 F F3(;;)3.378
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(xt pattern list in the statement, if an)-.15 F 2.178 -.65(y, a)-.15 H
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(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 703.2 S .5 -.25(ew s)
-2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E
(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72
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(replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)3.027 F
(Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as follo)108 684 Q
(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 696 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 696 Q F2(\\b)144 708
-Q F0(backspace)180 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 16)148.175 E(8)
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(sion and added to the v)108 722.4 R(ariable')-.25 E 3.726(sc)-.55 G
1.227(urrent v)-3.726 F 1.227(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25
G 3.727(luated. When).25 F 1.227(+= is applied to an array)3.727 F
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R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F1(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G
.881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the)
144 715.2 Q F1<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
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(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 537.6 Q F1(extdeb)3.363 E(ug)
-.2 E F0 .863(after the shell has started to e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.862(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .862(ariable when)-.25 F
-F1(extdeb)144 549.6 Q(ug)-.2 E F0
-(is not set, may result in inconsistent v)2.5 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)
-108 561.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .206(An array v)144 573.6 R .206
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+(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .207(An array v)144 585.6 R .206
(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash)
-2.706 E F0 -.15(exe)2.706 G .207(cution call stack.).15 F .207
-(The \214-)5.207 F .567(nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at\
- the top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 585.6 R
-1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 597.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)
+2.706 E F0 -.15(exe)2.706 G .206(cution call stack.).15 F .206
+(The \214-)5.206 F .567(nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at\
+ the top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 597.6 R
+1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 609.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)
6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424
(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F F2 -.27(BA)144
-609.6 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F4(.)A F0 .854(The shell sets)5.354 F F2 -.27(BA)
-3.354 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .853(only when in e)3.104 F .853(xtended deb)
--.15 F .853(ugging mode \(see the de-)-.2 F .475(scription of the)144
-621.6 R F1(extdeb)2.975 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .475(option to the)2.975 F F1
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+633.6 R F1(extdeb)2.976 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .476(option to the)2.976 F F1
(shopt)2.975 E F0 -.2(bu)2.975 G .475(iltin belo).2 F 2.975
-(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)2.976 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .476
-(after the shell has)2.976 F .45(started to e)144 633.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
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.45(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .45(ariable when)-.25 F
F1(extdeb)2.95 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .45(is not set, may result in in-)2.95 F
-(consistent v)144 645.6 Q(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 657.6 S(SH_ARGV0)
-.3 E F0 .25(When referenced, this v)144 669.6 R .25(ariable e)-.25 F
-.251(xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15
-F F1($0)2.751 E F0 2.751(;s)C(ee)-2.751 E .041
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-(signed to also be assigned to)144 693.6 R F1($0)2.716 E F0 5.216(.I)C
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(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.716 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
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-SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 96 R .968 -.15
-(ve a)-.25 H .668(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to\
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+.15 G .853(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 132 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G
(SH_CMDS).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G
-(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242
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(The command currently being e)144 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243
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-(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F
-.263(command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)
-144 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .262(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 F(If)
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+(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F
+.262(command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)
+144 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .263(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 F(If)
144 180 Q F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0
(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)
-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 192 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)
144 204 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
-(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 216 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .692
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(An array v)144 228 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\
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-/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)3.47 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.22 G 3.47(si)
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E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G
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-.3 E F3($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115
(if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2
(LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144
-276 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 288 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E
--.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 300 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\
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-(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 312 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.)
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-336 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506
-E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005
-(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 348 R .007
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-(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e)
--.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 360 R(x)-.15 E
-F3(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F
-F3(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E(sion.)144 372
-Q F1 -.3(BA)108 384 S(SH_MONOSECONDS).3 E F0 .706(Each time this v)144
-396 R .706(ariable is referenced, it e)-.25 F .707(xpands to the v)-.15
-F .707(alue returned by the system')-.25 F 3.207(sm)-.55 G(onotonic)
--3.207 E .058(clock, if one is a)144 408 R -.25(va)-.2 G 2.558
+276 Q 5(.A)-.55 G(ssignments to)-5 E F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_LINENO).27 E F0
+(ha)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G
+(ect, and it may not be unset.).25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 288 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)
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+lly loadable b)-4.07 F(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 312 Q F1
+(enable)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 324 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)
+-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 336 R .005
+(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 E F0 .006
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+(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007
+(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e)
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+F3(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F
+F3(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E(sion.)144 372
+Q F1 -.3(BA)108 384 S(SH_MONOSECONDS).3 E F0 .707(Each time this v)144
+396 R .707(ariable is referenced, it e)-.25 F .707(xpands to the v)-.15
+F .706(alue returned by the system')-.25 F 3.206(sm)-.55 G(onotonic)
+-3.206 E .057(clock, if one is a)144 408 R -.25(va)-.2 G 2.557
(ilable. If).25 F .057(there is no monotonic clock, this is equi)2.557 F
--.25(va)-.25 G .057(lent to).25 F F1(EPOCHSECONDS)2.557 E F0(.)A(If)144
-420 Q F1 -.3(BA)3.019 G(SH_MONOSECONDS).3 E F0 .519
-(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.019 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.019(ni).15 G 3.02(fi)-3.019 G 3.02(ti)-3.02 G 3.02(ss)-3.02 G .52
-(ubsequently re-)-3.02 F(set.)144 432 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 444 S(SH_SOURCE).3
-E F0 .126(An array v)144 456 R .125(ariable whose members are the sourc\
-e \214lenames where the corresponding shell function)-.25 F .78
-(names in the)144 468 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME)-.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F
-.78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78(The shell function)5.78 F F1
-(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0(is)3.281 E
-(de\214ned in the \214le)144 480 Q F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i)
-A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3
-($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 492 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .296
-(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 504 R .296
-(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuting).15 E 1.276(in that en)144 516 R 3.776(vironment. The)-.4 F
+-.25(va)-.25 G .058(lent to).25 F F1(EPOCHSECONDS)2.558 E F0(.)A(If)144
+420 Q F1 -.3(BA)3.02 G(SH_MONOSECONDS).3 E F0 .519
+(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.02 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+3.019(ni).15 G 3.019(fi)-3.019 G 3.019(ti)-3.019 G 3.019(ss)-3.019 G
+.519(ubsequently re-)-3.019 F(set.)144 432 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 444 S
+(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .125(An array v)144 456 R .125(ariable whose members\
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+F .781(names in the)144 468 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME)-.18 E F0 .78(array v)
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+(de\214ned in the \214le)144 480 R F1(${B)2.924 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3
+($i)A F1(]})A F0 .425(and called from)2.924 F F1(${B)2.925 E
+(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F3($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 5.425(.A)C(ssign-)-5.425 E
+(ments to)144 492 Q F2 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_SOURCE).27 E F0(ha)2.25 E .3
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+(ect, and it may not be unset.).25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 504 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3
+E F0 .296(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 516
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+G(cuting).15 E 1.276(in that en)144 528 R 3.776(vironment. The)-.4 F
1.276(initial v)3.776 F 1.277(alue is 0.)-.25 F(If)6.277 E F1 -.3(BA)
3.777 G(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 1.277(is unset, it loses its special)3.777 F
-(properties, e)144 528 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5
-(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 540 S
+(properties, e)144 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5
+(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 552 S
(SH_TRAPSIG).3 E F0 .203
(Set to the signal number corresponding to the trap action being e)144
-552 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .202(cuted during its e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.702
-(cution. See).15 F .782(the description of)144 564 R F1(trap)3.282 E F0
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+(cution. See).15 F .782(the description of)144 576 R F1(trap)3.282 E F0
(under)3.282 E F2 .782(SHELL B)3.282 F(UIL)-.09 E .782(TIN COMMANDS)
-.828 F F0(belo)3.032 E 3.282(wf)-.25 G .783
-(or information about signal)-3.282 F(numbers and trap e)144 576 Q -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 588 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.645
-(Ar)144 600 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144
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(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525
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(tional parameter in turn, and the e)144 729.6 R .654
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80 Q F1<ad64>
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-(Display only running jobs.)180 597.6 Q F1<ad73>144 609.6 Q F0
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-F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F1(sigspec)3.267 E F0 .427
-(is not present, then)3.237 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0
-.427(is assumed.)2.677 F .427(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .313(gument of)144
-96 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6c>2.813 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)
-2.814 F .314(If an)5.314 F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314
-(uments are supplied when).18 F F3<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G .314(n, the names of).15 F .12
-(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 108 R .119
-(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.119 E F1
--.2(ex)2.619 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.619 E(-)-.2 E .799(gument to)144
-120 R F3<ad6c>3.299 E F0 .799
-(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.299 F .8
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 132 R
-(The)5.962 E F3<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25
-G .962(lent to).25 F F3<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F3(kill)5.962 E F0 .962
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(kill \255l)108 84 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
+SF(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .017
+(Send the signal named by)144 96 R F2(sigspec)2.857 E F0(or)2.827 E F2
+(signum)2.857 E F0 .017(to the processes named by)2.837 F F2(pid)3.767 E
+F0(or)3.287 E F2(jobspec)4.257 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.357 E F0(is)
+2.828 E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 108 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
+.319(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0
+.318(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
+(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 120 Q F2(signum)3.267 E F0
+.427(is a signal number)3.247 F 5.427(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.427 E F2(sigspec)
+3.267 E F0 .427(is not present, then)3.237 F F3(SIGTERM)2.927 E F0 .427
+(is assumed.)2.677 F .428(An ar)5.427 F(-)-.2 E .314(gument of)144 132 R
+F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(lists the signal names.)2.814 F .314(If an)5.314
+F 2.814(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.814 G .314(uments are supplied when).18 F
+F1<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313
+(n, the names of).15 F .119(the signals corresponding to the ar)144 144
+R .119(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.12 E
+F2 -.2(ex)2.62 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)2.62 E(-)-.2 E .8(gument to)144
+156 R F1<ad6c>3.3 E F0 .8
+(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)3.3 F .799
+(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 168 R
+(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25
+G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962
(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E
-(successfully sent, or f)144 144 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1
-E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F3(let)108 160.8 Q F1
-(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144
-172.8 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197
-(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F2 .197
-(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)
-2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 184.8 Q F1(ar)
-2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F3(let)2.5 E F0
-(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F3(local)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5
-E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 213.6 S 2.542(re).15 G .042(ach ar)
--2.542 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F1
-(name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F1(value)2.832 E
-F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F1(option)2.542 E F0 .041(can be)2.541 F
-(an)144 225.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652
-(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F3(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
-C(hen)-5.652 E F3(local)3.152 E F0 .653
+(successfully sent, or f)144 180 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1
+E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 196.8 Q F2
+(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144
+208.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197
+(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196
+(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)
+2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 220.8 Q F2(ar)
+2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0
+(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5
+E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
+(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 249.6 S 2.541(re).15 G .041(ach ar)
+-2.541 F .042(gument, a local v)-.18 F .042(ariable named)-.25 F F2
+(name)2.902 E F0 .042(is created, and assigned)2.722 F F2(value)2.832 E
+F0 5.042(.T).18 G(he)-5.042 E F2(option)2.542 E F0 .042(can be)2.542 F
+(an)144 261.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653
+(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
+C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
-237.6 Q F1(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
+273.6 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F
-(If)5.421 E F1(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F .509
-(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 249.6 R F3
-(local)3.01 E F0 .51(is in)3.01 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .51
-(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.282(ing the)144 261.6 R F3(set)
-3.782 E F0 -.2(bu)3.782 G 1.281
-(iltin inside the function after the call to).2 F F3(local)3.781 E F0
-1.281(are restored to their original v)3.781 F(alues)-.25 E .277
-(when the function returns.)144 273.6 R .277(The restore is ef)5.277 F
-.278(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F3(set)2.778 E F0 .278
-(commands were e)2.778 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .278(cuted to).15 F .69
-(restore the v)144 285.6 R .69
+(If)5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F .51
+(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 285.6 R F1
+(local)3.009 E F0 .509(is in)3.009 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .509
+(d: shell options changed us-).1 F 1.281(ing the)144 297.6 R F1(set)
+3.781 E F0 -.2(bu)3.781 G 1.281
+(iltin inside the function after the call to).2 F F1(local)3.781 E F0
+1.282(are restored to their original v)3.781 F(alues)-.25 E .278
+(when the function returns.)144 309.6 R .278(The restore is ef)5.278 F
+.278(fected as if a series of)-.25 F F1(set)2.777 E F0 .277
+(commands were e)2.777 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .277(cuted to).15 F .69
+(restore the v)144 321.6 R .69
(alues that were in place before the function.)-.25 F -.4(Wi)5.69 G .69
-(th no operands,).4 F F3(local)3.19 E F0 .69(writes a list of)3.19 F
-.566(local v)144 297.6 R .566(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F
-.566(It is an error to use)5.566 F F3(local)3.066 E F0 .566
-(when not within a function.)3.066 F(The)5.567 E .426
-(return status is 0 unless)144 309.6 R F3(local)2.926 E F0 .425
-(is used outside a function, an in)2.925 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1
-(name)3.285 E F0 .425(is supplied, or)3.105 F F1(name)2.925 E F0 .425
-(is a)2.925 F(readonly v)144 321.6 Q(ariable.)-.25 E F3(logout)108 338.4
-Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 338.4 Q F3(map\214le)108 355.2 Q F0([)2.5 E
-F3<ad64>A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad6e>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0
-2.5(][)C F3<ad4f>-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad73>-2.5 E F1
-(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad75>-2.5 E F1
-(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)
-C F3<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
-(])A F3 -.18(re)108 367.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F3<ad64>A F1(delim)
-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F
3<ad6e>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad4f>-2.5
-E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F3<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3
-<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad63>-2.5 E F1
-(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .158
-(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 379.2 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.989 E
-(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.659(rf)-2.659 G .159
-(rom \214le descriptor)-2.659 F F1(fd)4.629 E F0 1.249(if the)144 391.2
-R F3<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249
-F(ariable)-.25 E F2(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1
-E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,)
--6.248 F(ha)144 403.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad64>144 415.2 Q F0 .91
-(The \214rst character of)180 415.2 R F1(delim)3.41 E F0 .911
-(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411
-(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 427.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F3
+(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)3.19 E F0 .69(writes a list of)3.19 F
+.567(local v)144 333.6 R .566(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F
+.566(It is an error to use)5.566 F F1(local)3.066 E F0 .566
+(when not within a function.)3.066 F(The)5.566 E .425
+(return status is 0 unless)144 345.6 R F1(local)2.925 E F0 .425
+(is used outside a function, an in)2.925 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2
+(name)3.285 E F0 .426(is supplied, or)3.105 F F2(name)2.926 E F0 .426
+(is a)2.926 F(readonly v)144 357.6 Q(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 374.4
+Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 374.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 391.2 Q F0([)2.5 E
+F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0
+2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2
+(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2
+(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)
+C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
+(])A F1 -.18(re)108 403.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)
+2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F
1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5
+E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
+<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2
+(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .159
+(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 415.2 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G 2.659(da).15 G .159(rray v)-2.659 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.989 E
+(ay)-.15 E F0 2.659(,o).32 G 2.658(rf)-2.659 G .158
+(rom \214le descriptor)-2.658 F F2(fd)4.628 E F0 1.248(if the)144 427.2
+R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249
+F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1
+E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)
+-6.249 F(ha)144 439.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 451.2 Q F0 .911
+(The \214rst character of)180 451.2 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911
+(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41
+(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 463.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1
(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)
-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3<ad6e>144 439.2 Q F0(Cop)180 439.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5
-(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count)
-2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F3<ad4f>144 451.2 Q F0(Be)180
-451.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82
-E(x)-.15 E F1(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E
-2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F3<ad73>144 463.2 Q F0
-(Discard the \214rst)180 463.2 Q F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F3
-<ad74>144 475.2 Q F0(Remo)180 475.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15
-E F1(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E
-(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F3<ad75>144 487.2 Q F0
-(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 487.2 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0
-(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F3<ad43>144 499.2 Q F0(Ev)180
-499.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F1
-(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F
3<ad63>2.5 E F0
-(option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F3<ad63>144 511.2
-Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 511.2 Q
-F1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 528 Q F3<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467
-(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F
3<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
-(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1
+2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 475.2 Q F0(Cop)180 475.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5
+(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)
+2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 487.2 Q F0(Be)180
+487.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82
+E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.73 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E
+2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 499.2 Q F0
+(Discard the \214rst)180 499.2 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1
+<ad74>144 511.2 Q F0(Remo)180 511.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15
+E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E
+(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 523.2 Q F0
+(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 523.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 535.2 Q F0(Ev)180
+535.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2
+(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F
1<ad63>2.5 E F0
+(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.75 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 547.2
+Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 547.2 Q
+F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 564 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0 .467
+(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F
1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
+(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2
(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467
-(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 540 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G
-2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\
-ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275
-(as additional ar)144 552 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E
-F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
-(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274
-(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 564 Q
-(If not supplied with an e)144 580.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F3
-(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
-(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F3(map\214le)144 597.6 Q F0 .797
-(returns successfully unless an in)3.297 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797
-(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr)
-3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .798(is in-)3.298 F -.25(va)144 609.6 S
-(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
+(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 576 R 2.762(xo)-.15 G
+2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be assig\
+ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274
+(as additional ar)144 588 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E
+F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
+(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275
+(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 600 Q
+(If not supplied with an e)144 616.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1
+(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
+(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 633.6 Q F0 .797
+(returns successfully unless an in)3.298 F -.25(va)-.4 G .797
+(lid option or option ar).25 F .797(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr)
+3.297 E(ay)-.15 E F0 .797(is in-)3.297 F -.25(va)144 645.6 S
+(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E
-F3(popd)108 626.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F3(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0
-2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 638.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.092
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(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
-F F1(dirs)180 192 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5
-E F2(dir)144.35 204 Q F0(Adds)180 204 Q F2(dir)2.85 E F0
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-(After the stack has been modi\214ed, if the)144 220.8 R F1<ad6e>2.934 E
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(returns a non-zero v)2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 1.78(Otherwise, if no ar)144
-249.6 R 1.78(guments are supplied,)-.18 F F1(pushd)4.28 E F0 1.78
-(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty)4.28 F(.)-.65 E .092
-(When rotating the directory stack,)144 261.6 R F1(pushd)2.592 E F0 .093
-(returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a non-e)2.592 F(x-)
--.15 E(istent directory stack element is speci\214ed.)144 273.6 Q 1.278
-(If the)144 290.4 R F1(pushd)3.778 E F0 1.278
-(command is successful, bash runs)3.778 F F1(dirs)3.778 E F0 1.277
-(to sho)3.777 F 3.777(wt)-.25 G 1.277
-(he \214nal contents of the directory)-3.777 F(stack.)144 302.4 Q F1
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-3
43.2 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
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+3
55.2 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
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--.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 379.2 Q F1 -.18(re)108
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6 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad4e>
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7 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e>
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F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, \
-or from the \214le descriptor)144 420 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516
-(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .51
6(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 432 Q F1<ad75>
-2.935 E F0 .435(option, split into w)2.935 F .435(ords as described abo)
+or from the \214le descriptor)144 432 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516
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7(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 444 Q F1<ad75>
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-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.935 G .435
-(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .436(nd the \214rst w)-2.935 F .436
-(ord is as-)-.1 F .376(signed to the \214rst)144 444 R F2(name)3.236 E
+(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w)-2.935 F .435
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-F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376(nd so on.)-2.876 F .375
-(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .236
-(than names, the remaining w)144 456 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 F
-.237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.097 E F0
-5.237(.I).18 G(f)-5.237 E .875(there are fe)144 468 R .875(wer w)-.25 F
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+(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237
+(than names, the remaining w)144 468 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1 F
+.237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.096 E F0
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.875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names ar\
-e assigned)-.1 F .517(empty v)144 480 R 3.017(alues. The)-.25 F .517
-(characters in)3.017 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.017 E F0 .518
-(are used to split the line into w)2.767 F .518
-(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .027(shell uses for e)144 492 R
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.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
-.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026
-(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.526(\)m)C(ay)-2.526 E .488
-(be used to remo)144 504 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H
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.488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488
-(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.489 E
-(tions, if supplied, ha)144 516 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 528 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.026(The w)
-180 540 R 1.026(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)
--.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(aname)3.855 E F0 3.525(,s).18 G 1.025
-(tarting at 0.)-3.525 F F2(aname)180.33 552 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68
+(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E
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E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E
-F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 564 Q
-F2(delim)2.5 E F0 .28(The \214rst character of)180 576 R F2(delim)2.78 E
-F0 .281(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.78 F 2.781
-(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.781 E(lim)180 588 Q F0(is the empty string,)
-2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0
+F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 576 Q
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(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad65>144 600 Q F0 .373
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 600 R F1 -.18(re)
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-(to obtain the line.)180 612 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def)
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+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 612 R F1 -.18(re)
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-(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 624 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G
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--.25 F(ing be)180 648 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 660 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)
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-(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 684 Q
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-(aiting for a complete)-.1 F 3.19
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 720 R F1 -.18(re)5.69 G
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-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 16)148.175 E(73)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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-(xception of backslash;)-.15 F(see the)180 120 Q F1<ad72>2.5 E F0
-(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 132 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E
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-(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
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+(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 156 Q F0(option belo)
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+(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 192 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
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(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 168 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
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--5.543 F .492(the line.)180 180 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)
--.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E .493
+<ad72>144 204 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
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(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180
-192 Q F1<ad73>144 204 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 204 Q
+228 Q F1<ad73>144 240 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 240 Q
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 216 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 228 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G
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-(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56
-(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 240 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0
-(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number)
-3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 252 Q
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(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
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-264 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 276 R .59
-(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
-(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2
-G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
-(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 288 S(riable)
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+(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 324 S(riable)
.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27
(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77
F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
-(ata.)-2.77 E .228(The e)180 300 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a)
+(ata.)-2.77 E .227(The e)180 336 R .228(xit status is 0 if input is a)
-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G .228(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
-.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.727(rt)-2.728 G .227(he read will re-)-2.727 F
-1.224(turn EOF)180 312 R 3.724(,n)-.8 G 1.224(on-zero otherwise.)-3.724
-F 1.224(The e)6.224 F 1.225
+.25 F 2.728(,o)-.4 G 2.728(rt)-2.728 G .228(he read will re-)-2.728 F
+1.225(turn EOF)180 348 R 3.725(,n)-.8 G 1.225(on-zero otherwise.)-3.725
+F 1.225(The e)6.225 F 1.225
(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
-(ceeded.)180 324 Q F1<ad75>144 336 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 336 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
-(If no)144 352.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522
+(ceeded.)180 360 Q F1<ad75>144 372 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 372 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .522
+(If no)144 388.8 R F2(names)3.382 E F0 .522
(are supplied, the line read, without the ending delimiter b)3.292 F
-.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.186(assigned to the v)144
-364.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
+.522(ut otherwise unmodi\214ed, is)-.2 F 1.187(assigned to the v)144
+400.8 R(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)3.686 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.186(The e)5.686 F 1.186
(xit status is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)-.15 F F1 -.18
-(re)3.687 G(ad).18 E F0 .961
+(re)3.686 G(ad).18 E F0 .96
(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a v)144
-376.8 R .96(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .706
-(signing to a readonly v)144 388.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
+412.8 R .961(ariable assignment error \(such as as-)-.25 F .707
+(signing to a readonly v)144 424.8 R .706(ariable\) occurs, or an in)
-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .706(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)
-.25 F .707(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 400.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108
-4
17.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
+.25 F .706(gument to)-.18 F F1<ad75>144 436.8 Q F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108
+4
53.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])
--2.5 E .77(The gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0
+-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 465.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0
.77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25
-F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096
-(quent assignment.)144 441.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0
-1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 453.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097
+(quent assignment.)144 477.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0
+1.097(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
+(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 489.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 465.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
-(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.27
6 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
-F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name)
-3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 477.6 R -.15(ve)
+-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 501.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
+(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.27
7 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
+F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name)
+3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 513.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
-.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 489.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
-<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
+.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 525.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
+<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 501.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-513.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
+144 537.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
+549.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 525.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
+144 561.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 537.6 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 554.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 566.4 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
-(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
-5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 578.4 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
-F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 590.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
+(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 573.6 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 590.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 602.4 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
+(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
+(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 614.4 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
+F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 626.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
--2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 602.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
+144 638.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52
E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke)
-.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 626.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628
-(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E
-F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
-(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589
-(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e)
-144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
-.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325
-(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444
-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 662.4 R .444
-(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 674.4 R -.15
+.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke)
+.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 662.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627
+(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E
+F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589
+(causes the shell to stop e)144 674.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
+(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588
+(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
+144 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
+.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326
+(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445
+(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 698.4 R .444
+(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
+(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 710.4 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
-F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E
-.749(mand associated with the)144 686.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
+F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15
+E .75(mand associated with the)144 722.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 698.4 Q
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 16)148.175 E(74)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q
+(2023 June 28)148.175 E(74)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 75 75
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(set)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad6f>-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
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-F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0
-2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E
-F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E
--.4(Wi)144 108 S .574(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .574
-(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .573
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(or script.)144 84
+Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+(\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0
+2.5(][)C F1<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1
+(set)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)
+-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<adad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
+<ad>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144
+124.8 S .573(thout options, display the name and v).4 F .573
+(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .574
(ariable in a format that can be reused)-.25 F .113
-(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 120 R 2.613
+(as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 136.8 R 2.613
(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.613 G .113
-(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.113 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 132 R
-F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.)-.25
-F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032 F
-.58(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 144 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G .581
-(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.081(ya)-.15 G
--.18(rg)-3.081 G .581(uments remaining after op-).18 F .161
-(tion processing are treated as v)144 156 R .161
+(riables cannot be reset.).25 F(In)5.112 E F2 1.032(posix mode)144 148.8
+R F0 3.532(,o)C 1.032(nly shell v)-3.532 F 1.032(ariables are listed.)
+-.25 F 1.032(The output is sorted according to the current locale.)6.032
+F .581(When options are speci\214ed, the)144 160.8 R 3.081(ys)-.15 G
+.581(et or unset shell attrib)-3.081 F 3.081(utes. An)-.2 F 3.08(ya)-.15
+G -.18(rg)-3.08 G .58(uments remaining after op-).18 F .16
+(tion processing are treated as v)144 172.8 R .161
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F
-2.66(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.66 E F1($1)2.66 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 168 Q F0(,)A F1
-2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15
-(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 180 Q F0
-1.377(Each v)184 180 R 1.377
+2.661(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.661 E F1($1)2.661 E F0(,)A F1($2)144 184.8 Q F0(,)A
+F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
+-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 196.8 Q
+F0 1.378(Each v)184 196.8 R 1.377
(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F
-1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 192 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E
-(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 204 Q F0 .132
-(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 204 R
-2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 216 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25
-H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 228 Q F0 .087
-(Exit immediately if a)184 228 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
-(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F
-F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 240 Q F2
-1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F
+1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 208.8 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15
+E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 220.8 Q F0 .131
+(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 220.8 R
+2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
+(primary prompt.)184 232.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
+-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 244.8 Q F0
+.088(Exit immediately if a)184 244.8 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087
+(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F
+F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 256.8 Q
+F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e)
-.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079
-(The shell does not e)184 252 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
-.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 264 Q
-1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0
--.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654
-(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv)
-4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 276 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc)
--.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1
-(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582
-(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 288 R
-F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c)
--3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917
-(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E
--.25(va)184 300 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66(rted with)
-.15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661
-(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113
-(non-zero status because a command f)184 312 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
-F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112
-(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 324 R 2.677
-(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678
-(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
-(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178
-(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 336 R .617
+.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08
+(The shell does not e)184 268.8 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
+.079(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 280.8
+Q 1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0
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%%Page: 76 76
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(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 312 Q F0(Same as)
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%%Page: 77 77
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-(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
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+(The shell performs brace e)184 120 R 1.206(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1
+1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705
+(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa)184 132 S(ult.).1 E F1
+<ad43>144 144 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)2.713 E F0 .213
+(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
-2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F
-3.053(tors. This)184 156 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F
+3.054(tors. This)184 156 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
.15 F(tor)184 168 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 180 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 180 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
-(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
-(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
-F .838(mands e)184 192 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
-F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 204 Q F1
-<ad48>144 216 Q F0(Enable)184 216 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
-(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 228 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 240 Q F0 .959
+<ad45>144 180 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 180 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103
+(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
+(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
+F .839(mands e)184 192 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 204 Q F1
+<ad48>144 216 Q F0(Enable)184 216 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
+(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
+F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 228 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 240 Q F0 .96
(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 240 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
-(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
-(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 1.453
-(that change the current w)184 252 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453
-(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452
-(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 264 R(def)
-3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834
+(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959
+(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452
+(that change the current w)184 252 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452
+(.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453
+(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 264 R(def)
+3.335 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
(mands which change the current directory)184 276 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
288 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 288 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 312 Q F0
(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 324 Q
-F0 .401(If no ar)184 324 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G
-.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 336 Q F2
-(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
+F0 .4(If no ar)184 324 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
+(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 336 Q
+F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
-348 Q F0 .796(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 348 R
-F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G
-.797(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 F 3.022(rameters. The)184 360
-R F1<ad78>3.02
2 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
+348 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 348 R
+F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G
+.796(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 360
+R F1<ad78>3.02
1 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no)
-3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521(s, the positional pa-)B
+3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522(s, the positional pa-)B
(rameters remain unchanged.)184 372 Q .425(The options are of)144 388.8
R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
-(to be turned of)144 400.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
+(to be turned of)144 400.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
+-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
(current set of options may be found in)144 412.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
+(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
(is encountered.)144 424.8 Q F1(shift)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 453.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
-.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
-.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 465.6 Q F1($#)2.582
-E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
-(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
+(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 453.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
+.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 465.6 Q F1($#)2.583
+E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
+(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
+.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 477.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 489.6 R
-.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
-.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 489.6 R
+.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
+.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 501.6 Q F1(shopt)108 518.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 530.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 530.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
-5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374
-(listed belo)144 542.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
-2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375
+5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375
+(listed belo)144 542.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
+2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
-F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 554.4 R .066
+F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 554.4 R .065
(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066
(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566
F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 566.4 R F2
602.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 614.4 Q F0
(Disable \(unset\) each)180 614.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
626.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
-tus indicates whether the)180 626.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E
-.256(set or unset.)180 638.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756
-E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
-(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255
-(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 650.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
+tus indicates whether the)180 626.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E
+.255(set or unset.)180 638.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755
+E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
+(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256
+(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 650.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 662.4 Q F0
(Restricts the v)180 662.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 679.2 R F1
-<ad73>3.12
4 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 679.2 R F1
+<ad73>3.12
5 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124
-E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .984
-(set or unset, respecti)144 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.984(.U)
--.65 G .984(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.984 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .983
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.483 F -.1(fa)144 703.2 S(ult.)
+E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983
+(set or unset, respecti)144 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)
+-.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984
+(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 703.2 S(ult.)
.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 720
-R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 16)148.175 E(77)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F
+(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 28)148.175 E(77)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 78 78
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)
-3.196 F .695(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 96 Q(The list of)144 112.8 Q
+3.196 F .696(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 96 Q(The list of)144 112.8 Q
/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2
-(array_expand_once)144 130.8 Q F0 1.831
+(array_expand_once)144 130.8 Q F0 1.832
(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 142.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
-1.832(luation of associati).25 F 2.132 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.832(nd inde)
-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.332(da).15 G 1.832(rray sub-)-4.332 F .025
+1.832(luation of associati).25 F 2.131 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.831(nd inde)
+.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.331(da).15 G 1.831(rray sub-)-4.331 F .025
(scripts during arithmetic e)184 154.8 R .025(xpression e)-.15 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .025(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .025(cuting b).15
F .025(uiltins that can perform)-.2 F -.25(va)184 166.8 S
(riable assignments, and while e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting b).15 E
(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F2(assoc_expand_once)
144 178.8 Q F0(Deprecated; a synon)184 190.8 Q(ym for)-.15 E F2
-(array_expand_once)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(autocd)144 202.8 Q F0 .199
+(array_expand_once)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(autocd)144 202.8 Q F0 .2
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 202.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
(ment to the)184 214.8 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F2(cdable_v)144 226.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 238.8 R .156
-(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
+F2(cdable_v)144 226.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 238.8 R .155
+(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
(name of a v)184 250.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 262.8 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184
-262.8 R F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
-(corrected. The)184 274.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
-(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 286.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
+262.8 R F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
+(corrected. The)184 274.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
+(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
+-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 286.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
(the command proceeds.)184 298.8 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F2(checkhash)144 310.8 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 322.8 R F2(bash)3.237
-E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736
+.15 E F2(checkhash)144 310.8 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 322.8 R F2(bash)3.236
+E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737
(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184
334.8 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 346.8
-Q F0 .448(If set,)184 358.8 R F2(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
-(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449
-(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.662(shell. If)184 370.8 R(an)2.662 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G
+Q F0 .449(If set,)184 358.8 R F2(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
+(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
+(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 370.8 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G
.161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161
-(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .161(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.472
+(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .162(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.473
(tempted without an interv)184 382.8 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F
/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.473(shell al-)3.973 F -.1(wa)184
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184
394.8 S(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 406.8 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184
418.8 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G
1.09(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09
-(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 430.8 Q 3.35(,u)-.65 G .85
-(pdates the v)-3.35 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E
-F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85
+(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 430.8 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G
+.851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)
+3.1 E F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85
(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 442.8 S(ult.).1 E F2
-(cmdhist)144 454.8 Q F0 .173(If set,)184 454.8 R F2(bash)2.673 E F0 .173
-(attempts to sa)2.673 F .473 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .172
+(cmdhist)144 454.8 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 454.8 R F2(bash)2.672 E F0 .172
+(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try)
-184 466.8 Q 5.596(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.596 F .597
+184 466.8 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597
(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597
-(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 478.8 S 1.288(ult, b)
+(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 478.8 S 1.287(ult, b)
.1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288
-(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.587 -.15
+(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15
(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 490.8 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A
F2(compat31)144 502.8 Q(compat32)144 514.8 Q(compat40)144 526.8 Q
(compat41)144 538.8 Q(compat42)144 550.8 Q(compat43)144 562.8 Q
(These control aspects of the shell')184 598.8 R 3.389(sc)-.55 G .889
(ompatibility mode \(see)-3.389 F F3 .889(SHELL COMP)3.389 F -.855(AT)
-.666 G(IBILITY).855 E(MODE)184 610.8 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2
-(complete_fullquote)144 627.6 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 639.6 R F2(bash)
+(complete_fullquote)144 627.6 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 639.6 R F2(bash)
3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and dire\
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-R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F2(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15
+ctory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525(forming completion.)184 651.6
+R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F2(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15
G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F
2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\
-enames when these)184 663.6 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184
-675.6 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)
--.1 F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 687.6 R
+enames when these)184 663.6 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184
+675.6 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)
+-.1 F .028(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 687.6 R
1.073(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073
(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25
-(ev e)184 699.6 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
+(ev e)184 699.6 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F
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(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184
711.6 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 723.6 Q
(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E
-(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 16)148.175
+(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 28)148.175
E(78)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 79 79
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(dir)144 84 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.986 E
+SF(dir)144 84 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.987 E
F0 .486(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486
-(ord e)-.1 F .487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18
+(ord e)-.1 F .486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179
(ing \214lename completion.)184 108 R .179
-(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F(uf)-.2 E
-(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,)184 120 Q
-F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G
-(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 136.8 Q F0 .858(If set,)184
-136.8 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858
-(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859
+(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F(uf)-.2 E
+(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 120 Q F1
+(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G
+(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 136.8 Q F0 .859(If set,)184
+136.8 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858
+(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858
(ord completion if)-.1 F
(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 148.8 Q(xist.)-.15
E F1(dotglob)144 165.6 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 165.6 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0
.63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0
(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5
(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0
-(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 194.4 Q F0 .516(If set, a non-interacti)
-184 194.4 R .816 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .516(hell will not e).15 F .516
-(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .517
+(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 194.4 Q F0 .517(If set, a non-interacti)
+184 194.4 R .817 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .517(hell will not e).15 F .516
+(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .516
(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an ar).15 F(-)-.2 E(gument to the)184
206.4 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5
E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E
-F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 223.2 Q F0 .717
+F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 223.2 Q F0 .716
(If set, aliases are e)184 235.2 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F
1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E
-/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F
+/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F
(by def)184 247.2 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
.15 E F1(extdeb)144 264 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .17(If set at shell in)184 276 R
-.2(vo)-.4 G .17(cation, or in a shell startup \214le, arrange to e).2 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.082
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .17(cute the deb).15 F .17(ugger pro\214le)-.2 F 1.081
(before the shell starts, identical to the)184 288 R F1<adad646562>3.582
-E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.581(option. If)3.581 F 1.081(set after in)3.581 F -.2
-(vo)-.4 G 1.081(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 300 Q
+E(ugger)-.2 E F0 3.582(option. If)3.582 F 1.082(set after in)3.582 F -.2
+(vo)-.4 G 1.082(cation, be-).2 F(ha)184 300 Q
(vior intended for use by deb)-.2 E(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184
-316.8 Q F0(The)220 316.8 Q F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F
-F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751
+316.8 Q F0(The)220 316.8 Q F1<ad46>4.251 E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251
+F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751
(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F
(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 328.8
Q(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 345.6 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)
220 345.6 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)
4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E
(command is skipped and not e)220 357.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1
-(3.)184 374.4 Q F0 .84(If the command run by the)220 374.4 R F1(DEB)3.34
-E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841
+(3.)184 374.4 Q F0 .841(If the command run by the)220 374.4 R F1(DEB)
+3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84
(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15(exe)220 386.4 S .488
(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1
(sour)220 398.4 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
(iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 415.2 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 415.2 S(SH_ARGC).27 E
-F0(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904
+F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904
(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 427.2 Q
-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(5.)184 444 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is e\
nabled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 444 R
(${)3.36 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)3.36 G .86
(pansions en-).15 F(closed in double quotes.)184 554.4 Q
(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 571.2 Q
-F0 .243(If set, patterns which f)184 571.2 R .243
+F0 .242(If set, patterns which f)184 571.2 R .243
(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F .243
(xpansion result in an e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E(pansion error)184 583.2 Q(.)
-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 600 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0
-.936(If set, the suf)184 612 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the)
+.937(If set, the suf)184 612 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the)
-.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w)
--.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 624 R .32
+-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 624 R .32
(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32
-(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947
-(pletions. See)184 636 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0
-(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2
-(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def)
-184 648 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 664.8 Q F0 2.519
+(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948
+(pletions. See)184 636 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0
+(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2
+(FIGNORE)2.947 E F3(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)
+184 648 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 664.8 Q F0 2.518
(If set, range e)184 676.8 R 2.519
-(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518
-(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E
-(Matching)184 688.8 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha)
--3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214
+(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519
+(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E
+(Matching)184 688.8 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha)
+-3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214
(nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)
-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 700.8 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G
1.02(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F
-F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 712.8 R F1
-(A)3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)
--3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957
+F1(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 712.8 R F1
+(A)3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)
+-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956
(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 724.8 Q(.)-.55 E
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 16)148.175 E(79)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 28)148.175 E(79)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(globskipdots)144 84 Q F0 .285(If set, pathname e)184 96 R .285
+SF(globskipdots)144 84 Q F0 .284(If set, pathname e)184 96 R .284
(xpansion will ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.785(rm).15 G .285
(atch the \214lenames)-2.785 F F1 -.63(``)2.785 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E
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-.63 G -.15(ve)-3.034 G 2.784(ni).15 G 2.784(ft)-2.784 G .284(he pat-)
--2.784 F(tern be)184 108 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.')
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+.63 G -.15(ve)-3.035 G 2.785(ni).15 G 2.785(ft)-2.785 G .285(he pat-)
+-2.785 F(tern be)184 108 Q(gins with a)-.15 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.')
.63 G(')-.08 E F0 5(.T)C(his option is enabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E
-F1(globstar)144 124.8 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 124.8 R F1(**)
-3.018 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F
-.519(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432
+F1(globstar)144 124.8 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 124.8 R F1(**)
+3.019 E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F
+.518(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431
(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 136.8 R .431
-(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0
-2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184
+(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0
+2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184
148.8 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 165.6 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are w\
ritten in the standard GNU error message format.)184 177.6 Q F1
(histappend)144 194.4 Q F0 .676
(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184
-206.4 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0
--.25(va)2.927 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 218.4 Q
+206.4 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0
+-.25(va)2.926 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 218.4 Q
(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1
-(histr)144 235.2 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 247.2 R F1 -.18
-(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075
-F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 259.2 Q F1(histv)144 276
-Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402(If set, and)184 288 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline)
+(histr)144 235.2 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 247.2 R F1 -.18
+(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075
+F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 259.2 Q F1(histv)144 276
+Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 288 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline)
.18 E F0 .403
(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately)
-2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 300 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661
-(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161
-G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 312 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E
+2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 300 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662
+(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162
+G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 312 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E
2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1
-(hostcomplete)144 328.8 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 340.8 R F1 -.18(re)
-3.681 G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0
-1.182(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381
-(when a w)184 352.8 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381
-(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E
-F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F
+(hostcomplete)144 328.8 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 340.8 R F1 -.18(re)
+3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0
+1.181(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)
+184 352.8 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381
+(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E
+F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 364.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F
(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 381.6 Q F0
(If set,)184 393.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e)
-.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 410.4 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219
+.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 410.4 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22
(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 422.4 R .219
-(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22
+(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219
(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 434.4 Q
2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)
F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on)
-.1 F .967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 475.2 R 1.267
-.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217
-E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F
+E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F
(enabled by def)184 487.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 504 Q F0 .066
(If set, and job control is not acti)184 504 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t)
.15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en)
-184 516 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 532.8 Q F0 .654
-(If set, and the)184 532.8 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654
+184 516 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 532.8 Q F0 .655
+(If set, and the)184 532.8 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654
(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
-3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F
+3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F
(with embedded ne)184 544.8 Q
(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1
-(localv)144 561.6 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .422(If set, local v)184 573.6 R
+(localv)144 561.6 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 573.6 R
.422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422
(utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184
-585.6 S .173(ists at a pre).15 F .173(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673
-(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .174
-(The nameref attrib)5.174 F .174(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 597.6 Q
-F1(localv)144 614.4 Q(ar_unset)-.1 E F0 .329(If set, calling)184 626.4 R
-F1(unset)2.829 E F0 .329(on local v)2.829 F .329(ariables in pre)-.25 F
-.328(vious function scopes marks them so subse-)-.25 F .543(quent looku\
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the beha)184 638.4 R(v-)-.2 E(ior of unsetting local v)184 650.4 Q
(ariables at the current function scope.)-.25 E F1(login_shell)144 667.2
Q F0 .486
(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
-679.2 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
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-(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 124.8 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 136.8 R F1
--.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)
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2.824 E F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
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(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 148.8 Q
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--.25 H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 189.6 S
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(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 206.4 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184
-218.4 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194
-(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H
-1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 230.4 R
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 206.4 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184
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-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E
F0 .551(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051
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+F -.1(wo)184 242.4 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering\
possible completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184
-254.4 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 271.2 Q F0 1.117(If set,)184 283.2 R
-F1(bash)3.617 E F0 1.117(encloses the translated results of $"..." quot\
+254.4 Q F1(noexpand_translation)144 271.2 Q F0 1.118(If set,)184 283.2 R
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ing in single quotes instead of)3.617 F(double quotes.)184 295.2 Q
(If the string is not translated, this has no ef)5 E(fect.)-.25 E F1
-(nullglob)144 312 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 324 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)
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-3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354
-(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 336 S
+(nullglob)144 312 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 324 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo)
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(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1
-(patsub_r)144 352.8 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .105(If set,)184 364.8 R F1
-(bash)2.605 E F0 -.15(ex)2.605 G .105(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)
-2.606 E F0 .106(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)
-2.606 F .528(the te)184 376.8 R .528
-(xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.027 G
-.527(rameter Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.027 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.527(.T).15 G
-(his)-5.527 E(option is enabled by def)184 388.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144
-405.6 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184
-417.6 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677
-(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E
+(patsub_r)144 352.8 Q(eplacement)-.18 E F0 .106(If set,)184 364.8 R F1
+(bash)2.606 E F0 -.15(ex)2.606 G .106(pands occurrences of).15 F F1(&)
+2.606 E F0 .105(in the replacement string of pattern substitution to)
+2.606 F .527(the te)184 376.8 R .527
+(xt matched by the pattern, as described under)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.028 G
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+(his)-5.528 E(option is enabled by def)184 388.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144
+405.6 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184
+417.6 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676
+(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E
(are enabled.)184 429.6 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E
F1(pr)144 446.4 Q(ogcomp_alias)-.18 E F0 2.124
(If set, and programmable completion is enabled,)184 458.4 R F1(bash)
4.624 E F0 2.124(treats a command name that)4.624 F(doesn')184 470.4 Q
-3.288(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.288 H(an)3.488 E 3.288(yc)-.15 G .789
-(ompletions as a possible alias and attempts alias e)-3.288 F .789
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(xpansion. If it has)-.15 F 1.473(an alias,)184 482.4 R F1(bash)3.973 E
F0 1.473(attempts programmable completion using the command w)3.973 F
1.473(ord resulting)-.1 F(from the e)184 494.4 Q(xpanded alias.)-.15 E
-F1(pr)144 511.2 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447
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(If set, prompt strings under)184 523.2 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F
-1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184
-535.2 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G
-.17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F3(PR)2.67 E
-(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E
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(This option is enabled by def)184 547.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144
564 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069
(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
(This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 600 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E
-F1(shift_v)144 616.8 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 628.8 R F1
-(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501
-(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502
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+(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501
+(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501
(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 640.8 Q F1(sour)
-144 657.6 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 669.6 R F1(.)3.271 E
-F0(\()3.271 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v)
--3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77
-(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar)
-184 681.6 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E
-(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 698.4 S(rr).1 E(edir_close)-.18 E F0 .74(If \
-set, the shell automatically closes \214le descriptors assigned using t\
-he)184 710.4 R F2({varname})3.24 E F0(redi-)3.24 E 2.558
-(rection syntax \(see)184 722.4 R F3(REDIRECTION)5.058 E F0(abo)4.808 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 5.058(\)i).15 G 2.558(nstead of lea)-5.058 F 2.558
-(ving them open when the)-.2 F(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 16)
-148.175 E(81)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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+(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F
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+(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.1(va)144 698.4 S(rr).1
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+(nstead of lea)-5.058 F 2.558(ving them open when the)-.2 F
+(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 28)148.175 E(81)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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(command completes.)184 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(xpg_echo)144 100.8 Q
F0(If set, the)184 112.8 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E
(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)
-108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A .909(Suspend the e)144 141.6 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .909(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCONT)A F0 3.41(signal. A)
-3.16 F .91(login shell, or a shell)3.41 F .753
+108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A .91(Suspend the e)144 141.6 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .91(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 3.41(sa).15 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCONT)-.001 E F0 3.409
+(signal. A)3.159 F .909(login shell, or a shell)3.409 F .752
(without job control enabled, cannot be suspended; the)144 153.6 R F1
-<ad66>3.253 E F0 .752(option can be used to o)3.252 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-.752(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 165.6 R .107(T\
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+.753(rride this and).15 F .107(force the suspension.)144 165.6 R .107(T\
he return status is 0 unless the shell is a login shell or job control \
is not en-)5.107 F(abled and)144 177.6 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0
(is not supplied.)2.5 E F1(test)108 194.4 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2
(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 206.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0
-.878(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 206.4 R .877
-(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877
+.877(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 206.4 R .878
+(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878
(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 218.4
S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53
(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03
-(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.361
-(primaries described abo)144 230.4 R 1.661 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E
-F2(CONDITION)3.861 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
-A F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.36(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.86(yo)-.15 G(p-)
--3.86 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 242.4 Q
+(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 1.36
+(primaries described abo)144 230.4 R 1.66 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2
+(CONDITION)3.86 E 1.36(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
+F1(test)5.86 E F0 1.361(does not accept an)3.86 F 3.861(yo)-.15 G(p-)
+-3.861 E(tions, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 242.4 Q
(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5
-E .785(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 260.4 R .786
-(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412
-(dence. The)144 272.4 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912
-(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F
-4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F
+E .786(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 260.4 R .785
+(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411
+(dence. The)144 272.4 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911
+(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F
+4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F
(used when there are \214v)144 284.4 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G
(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 296.4 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E
F0 -.35(Tr)180 296.4 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23
E 2.5(2a)144 451.2 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
180 463.2 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
-(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 475.2 R .38
-(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 487.2 Q .553
+(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 475.2 R .38
+(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 487.2 Q .552
(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 499.2 Q
(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855
(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 535.2 R 1.155 -.15
(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F
-F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 547.2 R .578(xpression i\
+F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 547.2 R .578(xpression i\
s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F
-(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 559.2 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833
-E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332
+(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 559.2 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832
+E F0(and)3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333
(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558
(three ar)180 571.2 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058
F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F
.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F
-(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180
-583.2 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52
-(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02
-F(ar)180 595.2 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0
-2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
+(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180
+583.2 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521
+(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)
+3.021 F(ar)180 595.2 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985
+E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E
(wise, the e)180 607.2 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144
-619.2 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .43(The follo)180 631.2 R .43
-(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .429
-(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .429(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.929 E F0 2.929
-(,t)C .429(he re-)-2.929 F 1.314(sult is the ne)180 643.2 R -.05(ga)-.15
-G 1.314(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314
-(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.745
-(ments. the)180 655.2 R(tw)2.745 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245
-(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 2.744(guments. If)-.18
-F .244(the \214rst ar)2.744 F(gument)-.18 E .309(is e)180 667.2 R
-(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()2.809 E F0 .309(and the fourth ar)2.809 F .309
-(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.809 E F0 2.809(,t)C .31
-(he result is the tw)-2.809 F(o-ar)-.1 E .31(gument test of the)-.18 F
-.184(second and third ar)180 679.2 R 2.684(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F
-.184(the e)2.684 F .183(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
-.183(luated according).25 F(to precedence using the rules listed abo)180
+619.2 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .429(The follo)180 631.2 R .429
+(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .43
+(If the \214rst ar)5.429 F .43(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.93 E F0 2.93(,t)C
+.43(he re-)-2.93 F 1.315(sult is the ne)180 643.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.314
+(tion of the three-ar).05 F 1.314(gument e)-.18 F 1.314
+(xpression composed of the remaining ar)-.15 F(gu-)-.18 E 2.744
+(ments. the)180 655.2 R(tw)2.744 E(o-ar)-.1 E .245
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-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.177
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.178
(path search options \()144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>A F0(and)
-3.677 E F1<ad50>3.677 E F0 3.677(\)c)C 1.178
-(an be supplied to restrict the output to e)-3.677 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.178(cutable \214les.).15 F F1(type)6.178 E F0 .035
+3.678 E F1<ad50>3.678 E F0 3.678(\)c)C 1.177
+(an be supplied to restrict the output to e)-3.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+1.177(cutable \214les.).15 F F1(type)6.177 E F0 .035
(does not consult the table of hashed commands when using)144 96 R F1
-<ad61>2.535 E F0(with)2.535 E F1<ad70>2.535 E F0 2.535(,a)C .035
-(nd only performs a)-2.535 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.535 G(TH)
--.189 E F0 .911(search for)144 108 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.411
-E F0 5.911(.T)C(he)-5.911 E F1<ad66>3.411 E F0 .912
-(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.411 F F1
-(command)3.412 E F0 -.2(bu)3.412 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)144 120 Q F0
+<ad61>2.535 E F0(with)2.535 E F1<ad70>2.535 E F0 2.535(,a)C .036
+(nd only performs a)-2.535 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.536 G(TH)
+-.189 E F0 .912(search for)144 108 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.412
+E F0 5.912(.T)C(he)-5.912 E F1<ad66>3.412 E F0 .911
+(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.412 F F1
+(command)3.411 E F0 -.2(bu)3.411 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)144 120 Q F0
(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E
(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 136.8
Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HS)A F0(])A F1<ad61>2.5 E(ulimit)108 148.8 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255HS)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255bcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPR)-2.5 E(T)-.4
-E F0([)2.5 E F3(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 160.8 Q .244(vides control o)
--.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25
+E F0([)2.5 E F3(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 160.8 Q .243(vides control o)
+-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25
(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.943(that allo)144 172.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
-(The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
+.944(that allo)144 172.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
+(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 184.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
+144 184.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 196.8 R .425
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E
-F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
+ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 196.8 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E
+F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
+(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
208.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F3(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.741(of the special v)144 220.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1
+.742(of the special v)144 220.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
-C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .024
+C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023
(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F3(limit)2.613 E F0 .023
(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023
-(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .984
-(source is printed, unless the)144 244.8 R F1<ad48>3.484 E F0 .984
-(option is gi)3.484 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .985
+(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985
+(source is printed, unless the)144 244.8 R F1<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
+(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F .7
(limit name and unit, if appropriate, are printed before the v)144 256.8
R 3.2(alue. Other)-.25 F .7(options are interpreted as)3.2 F(follo)144
(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 388.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 400.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-180 400.8 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
+180 400.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
(be set\))180 412.8 Q F1<ad70>144 424.8 Q F0
(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 424.8 Q F1
<ad71>144 436.8 Q F0
E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>
2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F3(limit)2.968 E F0 .468
(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045
-(no option is gi)144 585.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .04
5(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
-2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .67(in seconds;)144
+(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044
+(no option is gi)144 585.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .04
4(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
+2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
+<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .67(in seconds;)144
597.6 R F1<ad52>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in microseconds;)-3.17 F
F1<ad70>3.17 E F0 3.17(,w)C .67(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)
-3.17 F F1<ad50>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad54>3.17 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.17 E F0(,)
-A F1<ad6b>144 609.6 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.737 E F0 3.737(,a)C(nd)-3.737 E
+A F1<ad6b>144 609.6 Q F0(,)A F1<ad6e>3.736 E F0 3.736(,a)C(nd)-3.736 E
F1<ad75>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are unscaled v)-3.736 F 1.236
(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.736 E F0(and)3.736 E
-F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.236(hich are in)-3.736 F .238
+F1<ad66>3.736 E F0 3.736(,w)C 1.237(hich are in)-3.736 F .239
(512-byte increments.)144 621.6 R .238
-(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.238 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
+(The return status is 0 unless an in)5.239 F -.25(va)-.4 G .238
(lid option or ar).25 F .238(gument is supplied, or an)-.18 F
(error occurs while setting a ne)144 633.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E
F1(umask)108 650.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
pted by)144 674.4 R F3 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-686.4 Q F3(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
+686.4 Q F3(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 698.4 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F3
-(mode)144.38 710.4 Q F0 .552
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
-F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 722.4 Q
+(mode)144.38 710.4 Q F0 .551
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
+F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 722.4 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F3(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E
-(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 16)148.175 E(84)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash 5.3)72 768 Q(2023 June 28)148.175 E(84)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 85 85
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(unalias)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 96 Q 1.057 -.15
-(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.257 E F0 .757
-(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.25
7 F(If)5.758 E F1<ad61>3.258 E
-F0 .758(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)3.258 F(mo)144 108
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 96 Q 1.058 -.15
+(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.258 E F0 .758
+(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.25
8 F(If)5.758 E F1<ad61>3.258 E
+F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)3.258 F(mo)144 108
Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 124.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 136.8 S 3.804(re).15 G(ach)-3.804 E F2(name)4.164 E F0
-3.804(,r).18 G(emo)-3.804 E 1.604 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.304
+2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 136.8 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0
+3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
-(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.803 E F0 1.303(option is gi)3.803 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.303(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 148.8 Q F0 .464
-(refers to a shell v)3.144 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
-(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.965(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-2.965 G .465(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.769(set. If)144 160.8 R F1
-<ad66>2.769 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.769 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
+(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 148.8 Q F0 .465
+(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
+(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
+2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 160.8 R F1
+<ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)
-2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .403(If the)144 172.8 R F1<ad6e>2.903 E
+2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 172.8 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v)
2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0
-(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(will be unset)2.904 F
-.72(rather than the v)144 184.8 R .72(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
-<ad6e>5.7
2 E F0 .72(has no ef)3.22 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
-3.219 E F0 .719(option is supplied.)3.219 F .719(If no options)5.719 F
-.736(are supplied, each)144 196.8 R F2(name)3.236 E F0 .736
-(refers to a v)3.236 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .737
-(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.762(that name, if an)144
-208.8 R 3.062 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.262(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.262 F
+(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F
+.719(rather than the v)144 184.8 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
+<ad6e>5.7
19 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
+3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737
+(are supplied, each)144 196.8 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v)
+3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736
+(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144
+208.8 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 4.261(df).15 G 1.761(rom the en)-4.261 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.171
+-.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172
(passed to subsequent commands.)144 220.8 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672
(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES)
-.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A
-F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 232.8 S
-(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3
+.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A
+F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 232.8 S
+(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3
-.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E
-F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.481 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)
+F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)
144 244.8 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67
E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144
-256.8 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.03 E F3(SRANDOM)4.28 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
-4.03 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.279(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.279 E 4.279(ya)
--.15 G 1.779(re subse-)-4.279 F(quently reset.)144 268.8 Q(The e)5 E
+256.8 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
+4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G
+1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 268.8 Q(The e)5 E
(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
(is readonly or may not be unset.)2.68 E F1(wait)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E
F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 297.6 S .659(it for each speci\214ed c\
hild process and return its termination status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)
-3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process)3.929 F .009
+3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)3.928 F .008
(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 309.6 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G .008
-(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.008 E
-F2(id)144.01 321.6 Q F0 .441(is not gi)3.711 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E
-F1(wait)2.941 E F0 -.1(wa)2.941 G .441
+-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009
+(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.009 E
+F2(id)144.01 321.6 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E
+F1(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441
(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.442(cuted process substitu-).15 F .598
+.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597
(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 333.6 R F1($!)3.098 E F0
-3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .597(If the)5.597
-F F1<ad6e>3.097 E F0 .597(option is supplied,)3.097 F F1(wait)144 345.6
-Q F0 -.1(wa)3.082 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2
+3.098(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598
+F F1<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 345.6
+Q F0 -.1(wa)3.083 G .583(its for a single job from the list of).1 F F2
(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(so)C 1.383 -.4(r, i)-3.083 H 3.083(fn).4 G(o)-3.083
E F2(id)3.083 E F0 3.083(sa)C .583(re supplied, an)-3.083 F 3.083(yj)
--.15 G .583(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .404(returns its e)144 357.6 R
-.404(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
-(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .572
+-.15 G .582(ob, to complete and)-3.083 F .403(returns its e)144 357.6 R
+.403(xit status.)-.15 F .403(If none of the supplied ar)5.403 F .403
+(guments is a child of the shell, or if no ar)-.18 F(guments)-.18 E .573
(are supplied and the shell has no unw)144 369.6 R .573
-(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .573
-(If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.073 E F0 .573(option is)3.073 F .39
+(aited-for children, the e)-.1 F .573(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .572
+(If the)5.573 F F1<ad70>3.072 E F0 .572(option is)3.072 F .39
(supplied, the process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)
144 381.6 R .39(xit status is returned is assigned to)-.15 F .905(the v)
144 393.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)3.405 E F0 .905
(an)144 405.6 Q 3.89(ya)-.15 G 3.89(ssignment. This)-3.89 F 1.39
(is useful only when the)3.89 F F1<ad6e>3.89 E F0 1.39
(option is supplied.)3.89 F 1.39(Supplying the)6.39 F F1<ad66>3.89 E F0
-(option,)3.89 E .574(when job control is enabled, forces)144 417.6 R F1
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%%Trailer
end
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 28 June 2023).
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 29 June 2023).
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 28 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 29 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3.
Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.3, 28 June 2023). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.3, 29 June 2023). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.3, last updated 28 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.3, last updated 29 June 2023, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.3.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the
original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves
-("quote removal").
+("quote removal"). *Note Quote Removal:: for more details.
Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion can
increase the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
expansions of '"$@"' and '$*' (*note Special Parameters::), and
'"${NAME[@]}"' and '${NAME[*]}' (*note Arrays::).
- After all expansions, 'quote removal' (*note Quote Removal::) is
-performed.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Brace Expansion, Next: Tilde Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions
'hash'
hash [-r] [-p FILENAME] [-dt] [NAME]
- Each time 'hash' is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the
+ Each time 'hash' is invoked, it remembers the full filenames of the
commands specified as NAME arguments, so they need not be searched
for on subsequent invocations. The commands are found by searching
through the directories listed in '$PATH'. Any
- previously-remembered pathname is discarded. The '-p' option
+ previously-remembered filename is discarded. The '-p' option
inhibits the path search, and FILENAME is used as the location of
NAME. The '-r' option causes the shell to forget all remembered
- locations. The '-d' option causes the shell to forget the
+ locations. Assigning to the 'PATH' variable also clears all hashed
+ filenames. The '-d' option causes the shell to forget the
remembered location of each NAME. If the '-t' option is supplied,
the full pathname to which each NAME corresponds is printed. If
multiple NAME arguments are supplied with '-t', the NAME is printed
* :: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 11)
* [: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 280)
+ (line 281)
* alias: Bash Builtins. (line 11)
* bg: Job Control Builtins.
(line 7)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 69)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 217)
+ (line 218)
* read: Bash Builtins. (line 504)
* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 601)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 227)
+ (line 228)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 246)
+ (line 247)
* set: The Set Builtin. (line 11)
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 267)
+ (line 268)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
* source: Bash Builtins. (line 610)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 116)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 280)
+ (line 281)
* times: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 365)
+ (line 366)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 371)
+ (line 372)
* true: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 433)
+ (line 434)
* type: Bash Builtins. (line 615)
* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 653)
* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 659)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 438)
+ (line 439)
* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 765)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 456)
+ (line 457)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 76)
Node: Positional Parameters\7f66386
Node: Special Parameters\7f67288
Node: Shell Expansions\7f70502
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f72629
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f75363
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f77984
-Node: Command Substitution\7f96386
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f99850
-Node: Process Substitution\7f100818
-Node: Word Splitting\7f101938
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f103986
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f106919
-Node: Quote Removal\7f111921
-Node: Redirections\7f112216
-Node: Executing Commands\7f121909
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f122579
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f124689
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f127076
-Node: Environment\7f130111
-Node: Exit Status\7f131774
-Node: Signals\7f133558
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f137007
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f140034
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f142072
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f164406
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f196405
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f196750
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f207348
-Node: Special Builtins\7f223355
-Node: Shell Variables\7f224334
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f224771
-Node: Bash Variables\7f226875
-Node: Bash Features\7f261832
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f262845
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f268858
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f273989
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f274400
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f275049
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f275864
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f279493
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f284135
-Node: Aliases\7f287096
-Node: Arrays\7f289990
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f296553
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f297337
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f301597
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f304562
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f307172
-Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f323088
-Node: Job Control\7f331332
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f331792
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f336794
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f342589
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f343745
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f345416
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f347039
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f348230
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f350019
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f350979
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f352900
-Node: Searching\7f353944
-Node: Readline Init File\7f356130
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f357391
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f381182
-Node: Sample Init File\7f385378
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f388502
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f389706
-Node: Commands For History\7f391757
-Node: Commands For Text\7f396751
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f400400
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f403433
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f404572
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f408763
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f409451
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f415489
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f416396
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f424176
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f435296
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f440544
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f441228
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f444233
-Node: History Interaction\7f449257
-Node: Event Designators\7f452877
-Node: Word Designators\7f454231
-Node: Modifiers\7f455991
-Node: Installing Bash\7f457799
-Node: Basic Installation\7f458936
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f462658
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f463399
-Node: Installation Names\7f465091
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f467200
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f467917
-Node: Operation Controls\7f468590
-Node: Optional Features\7f469548
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f480767
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f482101
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f498950
-Node: Indexes\7f524127
-Node: Builtin Index\7f524581
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f531682
-Node: Variable Index\7f534130
-Node: Function Index\7f551264
-Node: Concept Index\7f565048
+Node: Brace Expansion\7f72590
+Node: Tilde Expansion\7f75324
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f77945
+Node: Command Substitution\7f96347
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f99811
+Node: Process Substitution\7f100779
+Node: Word Splitting\7f101899
+Node: Filename Expansion\7f103947
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f106880
+Node: Quote Removal\7f111882
+Node: Redirections\7f112177
+Node: Executing Commands\7f121870
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f122540
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f124650
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f127037
+Node: Environment\7f130072
+Node: Exit Status\7f131735
+Node: Signals\7f133519
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f136968
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f139995
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f142033
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f164440
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f196439
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f196784
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f207382
+Node: Special Builtins\7f223389
+Node: Shell Variables\7f224368
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f224805
+Node: Bash Variables\7f226909
+Node: Bash Features\7f261866
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f262879
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f268892
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f274023
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f274434
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f275083
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f275898
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f279527
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f284169
+Node: Aliases\7f287130
+Node: Arrays\7f290024
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f296587
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f297371
+Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f301631
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f304596
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f307206
+Node: Shell Compatibility Mode\7f323122
+Node: Job Control\7f331366
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f331826
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f336828
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f342623
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f343779
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f345450
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f347073
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f348264
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f350053
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f351013
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f352934
+Node: Searching\7f353978
+Node: Readline Init File\7f356164
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f357425
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f381216
+Node: Sample Init File\7f385412
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f388536
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f389740
+Node: Commands For History\7f391791
+Node: Commands For Text\7f396785
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f400434
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f403467
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f404606
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f408797
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f409485
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f415523
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f416430
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f424210
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f435330
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f440578
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f441262
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f444267
+Node: History Interaction\7f449291
+Node: Event Designators\7f452911
+Node: Word Designators\7f454265
+Node: Modifiers\7f456025
+Node: Installing Bash\7f457833
+Node: Basic Installation\7f458970
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f462692
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f463433
+Node: Installation Names\7f465125
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f467234
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f467951
+Node: Operation Controls\7f468624
+Node: Optional Features\7f469582
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f480801
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f482135
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f498984
+Node: Indexes\7f524161
+Node: Builtin Index\7f524615
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f531716
+Node: Variable Index\7f534164
+Node: Function Index\7f551298
+Node: Concept Index\7f565082
\1f
End Tag Table
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-(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230616/doc/bashref.texi
-(/usr/local/src/bash/bash-20230616/doc/texinfo.tex
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-Chapter 1
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hash [-r] [-p @var{filename}] [-dt] [@var{name}]
@end example
-Each time @code{hash} is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the
+Each time @code{hash} is invoked, it remembers the full filenames of the
commands specified as @var{name} arguments,
so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations.
The commands are found by searching through the directories listed in
@env{$PATH}.
-Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded.
+Any previously-remembered filename is discarded.
The @option{-p} option inhibits the path search, and @var{filename} is
used as the location of @var{name}.
The @option{-r} option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations.
+Assigning to the @env{PATH} variable also clears all hashed filenames.
The @option{-d} option causes the shell to forget the remembered location
of each @var{name}.
If the @option{-t} option is supplied, the full pathname to which each
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
- causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd op-
- tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
- are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the hashed full
- pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be displayed in a for-
- mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
- if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remembered commands is
- printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
- or an invalid option is supplied.
+ causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. Assigning
+ to the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable also clears all hashed filenames. The -\b-d\bd
+ option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
+ which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
+ hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
+ played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments
+ are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
+ bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
than the last history position, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
+ back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
refers to the current h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd command.
-\b-d\bd _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt-_\be_\bn_\bd
- Delete the range of history entries between positions
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
+ Delete the range of history entries between positions
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values
for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and _\be_\bn_\bd are interpreted as described above.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
- These are history lines entered since the beginning of
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
+ These are history lines entered since the beginning of
the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session, but not already appended to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
- pended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
+ pended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
- -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
the current history list.
-\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is
0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
- is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt or range
+ is supplied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs [-\b-l\bln\bnp\bpr\brs\bs] [ _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... ]
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl|-\b-L\bL [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
- equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
+ equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid op-
tion is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0,
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0,
l\ble\bet\bt returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ... | - ]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
- is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
- options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function after
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
+ is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
+ options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function after
the call to l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl are restored to their original values when the
function returns. The restore is effected as if a series of s\bse\bet\bt
- commands were executed to restore the values that were in place
- before the function. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
- local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ commands were executed to restore the values that were in place
+ before the function. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
- input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
+ input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
string, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
- -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
Removes entries from the directory stack. The elements are num-
- bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
- With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
+ bered from 0 starting at the first directory listed by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs.
+ With no arguments, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd removes the top directory from the
stack, and changes to the new top directory. Arguments, if sup-
plied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
directories from the stack, so that only the stack is ma-
nipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
- example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero, from the stack. For
+ example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd
+1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
- _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
+ If the top element of the directory stack is modified, and the
+ _\b-_\bn option was not supplied, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change
to the directory at the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd
returns a non-zero value.
- Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
+ Otherwise, p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid option is encoun-
tered, the directory stack is empty, or a non-existent directory
stack entry is specified.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
- final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ final contents of the directory stack, and the return status is
0.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(3) format characters c\bcs\bsn\bnd\bdi\bio\bou\bux\bxX\bXe\be-\b-
E\bEf\bfF\bFg\bgG\bGa\baA\bA, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf interprets the following additional format spec-
ifiers:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in the same way as e\bec\bch\bho\bo -\b-e\be.
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
- format that can be reused as shell input. %\b%q\bq and %\b%Q\bQ use
- the $\b$'\b''\b' quoting style if any characters in the argument
- string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
- the format string uses the _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf alternate form, these
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ format that can be reused as shell input. %\b%q\bq and %\b%Q\bQ use
+ the $\b$'\b''\b' quoting style if any characters in the argument
+ string require it, and backslash quoting otherwise. If
+ the format string uses the _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf alternate form, these
two formats quote the argument string using single
quotes.
- %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ %\b%Q\bQ like %\b%q\bq, but applies any supplied precision to the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt before quoting it.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
- -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been
- given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
+ given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
ior.
The %b, %q, and %T format specifiers all use the field width and
precision arguments from the format specification and write that
- many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
- gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
+ many bytes from (or use that wide a field for) the expanded ar-
+ gument, which usually contains more characters than the origi-
nal.
The %n format specifier accepts a corresponding argument that is
treated as a shell variable name.
- The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
+ The %s and %c format specifiers accept an l (long) modifier,
which forces them to convert the argument string to a wide-char-
acter string and apply any supplied field width and precision in
terms of characters, not bytes.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
- value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ value is zero on success, non-zero if an invalid option is sup-
plied or a write or assignment error occurs.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
- directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
- ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two ele-
+ ments of the directory stack. Arguments, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
- or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
+ or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
stack is manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top
After the stack has been modified, if the -\b-n\bn option was not sup-
- plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
+ plied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd uses the c\bcd\bd builtin to change to the directory at
the top of the stack. If the c\bcd\bd fails, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns a non-zero
value.
- Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
- the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
- stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
+ Otherwise, if no arguments are supplied, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless
+ the directory stack is empty. When rotating the directory
+ stack, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty or a
non-existent directory stack element is specified.
- If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
+ If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, bash runs d\bdi\bir\brs\bs to show the
final contents of the directory stack.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in-
valid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
scriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split into
- words as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the
+ words as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
- words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
+ the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
+ words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
scribed in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash charac-
- ter (\\b\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next
+ ter (\\b\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next
character read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
variable _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, starting at 0. _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is unset before any
- new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
+ new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
nored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the in-
- put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
- string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
+ put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) is used to obtain the line.
- Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing
- was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) is used to obtain the line.
+ Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing
+ was not previously active) editing settings, but uses
readline's default filename completion.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- are read. The result is not split on the characters in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ are read. The result is not split on the characters in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see
the -\b-r\br option below).
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
line continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
- not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
- mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
- mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
+ not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
+ mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
+ mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, r\bre\bea\bad\bd saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
- turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
- exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
- file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
- otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
+ the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
+ turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
+ exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
+ file descriptor, or the read will return EOF, non-zero
+ otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128 if the
timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
- If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
- limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
- tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
- 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
+ If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read, without the ending de-
+ limiter but otherwise unmodified, is assigned to the variable
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encoun-
+ tered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater than
+ 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a read-
only variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied
as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
- rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
+ rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
rays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If no
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
- used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
- names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+ used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
+ names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+ that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
- fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
- that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
t\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to de-
- termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
- handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
- command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
- cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
- is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
- the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
- that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
- command executed within the script as the exit status of the
+ termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
+ handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
+ command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
+ cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
+ is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
+ the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
+ that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
+ command executed within the script as the exit status of the
script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least signif-
- icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
- plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
- not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
+ icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
+ plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
+ not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execution re-
sumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b--\b-] [-\b-] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
- able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
+ Without options, display the name and value of each shell vari-
+ able in a format that can be reused as input for setting or re-
setting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot
- be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
- output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
- are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
- ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
+ be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed. The
+ output is sorted according to the current locale. When options
+ are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any argu-
+ ments remaining after option processing are treated as values
for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to $\b$1\b1,
- $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
+ $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following mean-
ings:
-\b-a\ba Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)), exits with a non-zero
- status. The shell does not exit if the command that
- fails is part of the command list immediately following
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)), exits with a non-zero
+ status. The shell does not exit if the command that
+ fails is part of the command list immediately following
a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the
- i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed
- in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the fi-
+ i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed
+ in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the fi-
nal &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last, or
- if the command's return value is being inverted with !\b!.
- If a compound command other than a subshell returns a
- non-zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was
- being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ if the command's return value is being inverted with !\b!.
+ If a compound command other than a subshell returns a
+ non-zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was
+ being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT in
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)), and may cause subshells to exit before execut-
ing all the commands in the subshell.
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
- context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). All processes
- run in a separate process group. When a background job
- completes, the shell prints a line containing its exit
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). All processes
+ run in a separate process group. When a background job
+ completes, the shell prints a line containing its exit
status.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
nored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
h\bha\bas\bsh\bha\bal\bll\bl Same as -\b-h\bh.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bte\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-H\bH.
- h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by Enable command history, as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)
- under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in
+ h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by Enable command history, as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)
+ under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in
interactive shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
- NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
+ The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
+ NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
a\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
- in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) for a reference to a document that
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) for a reference to a document that
details how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
- pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
+ pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-r\br Enable restricted shell mode. This option cannot be un-
set once it has been set.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
- scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*", or array variables sub-
+ scripted with "@" or "*", as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
- and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ and its expanded arguments or associated word list, to
standard error.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex-
- ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the
- shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
- turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
+ shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
+ turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
- set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
- If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
+ set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
+ If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional param-
- eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
+ eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
-\b-o\bo option is used, those available with the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list
- of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
+ of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
whether or not each is set; if _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the output
- is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
- be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
+ is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
+ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
tions have the following meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
- tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
+ tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
- If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
+ If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
sociative and indexed array subscripts during arithmetic
expression evaluation, while executing builtins that can
- perform variable assignments, and while executing
+ perform variable assignments, and while executing
builtins that perform array dereferencing.
a\bas\bss\bso\boc\bc_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
Deprecated; a synonym for a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be.
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). The shell always post-
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). The shell always post-
pones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
- (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
- values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
+ (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
+ values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
default.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
- easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
- enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
- history is enabled, as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
+ enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
+ history is enabled, as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
+ These control aspects of the shell's compatibility mode
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
- pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
+ pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
- fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
+ fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
- and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
+ and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
If set, aliases are expanded as described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) un-
- der A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for in-
+ der A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for in-
teractive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
+ If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell
- starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
- ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
+ starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
+ ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
is enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
simulates a call to r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)).
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
- ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
+ ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) for a
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
fault.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b))
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b))
behave as if in the traditional C locale when performing
- comparisons. That is, the current locale's collating
- sequence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not col-
- late between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case
+ comparisons. That is, the current locale's collating
+ sequence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not col-
+ late between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case
ASCII characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bsk\bki\bip\bpd\bdo\bot\bts\bs
- If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
+ If set, pathname expansion will never match the file-
names `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b', even if the pattern begins with
a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'. This option is enabled by default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell ex-
its, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE in
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). This
option is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
tribute is not inherited.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt
- If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
- function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
- them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
- cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
current function scope.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
- tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
+ tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
n\bno\boe\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsl\bla\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
- quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh encloses the translated results of $"..."
+ quoting in single quotes instead of double quotes. If
the string is not translated, this has no effect.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) to expand to a null
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) to expand to a null
string, rather than themselves.
p\bpa\bat\bts\bsu\bub\bb_\b_r\bre\bep\bpl\bla\bac\bce\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh expands occurrences of &\b& in the replacement
- string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
- the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in
+ string of pattern substitution to the text matched by
+ the pattern, as described under P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn in
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b). This option is enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
- g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) are enabled. This op-
+ g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) are enabled. This op-
tion is enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
- as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
- has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
+ has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
- moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG in
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
+ moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG in
_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b). This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
- stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). The
- value may not be changed. This is not reset when the
- startup files are executed, allowing the startup files
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
+ stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). The
+ value may not be changed. This is not reset when the
+ startup files are executed, allowing the startup files
to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
v\bva\bar\brr\bre\bed\bdi\bir\br_\b_c\bcl\blo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
+ If set, the shell automatically closes file descriptors
assigned using the _\b{_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\b} redirection syntax (see R\bRE\bE-\b-
- D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) instead of leaving them open when
+ D\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)) instead of leaving them open when
the command completes.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
quences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
- signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
- cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be used to override this
- and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the
- shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. A login shell, or a shell without job control enabled,
+ cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be used to override this
+ and force the suspension. The return status is 0 unless the
+ shell is a login shell or job control is not enabled and -\b-f\bf is
not supplied.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and op-
- erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bS-\b-
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bS-\b-
S\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and
ignore an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
- listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
- pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
+ pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed in
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed in
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
- operators listed in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bS-\b-
- S\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the result of the expression is the result of the
- binary test using the first and third arguments as oper-
- ands. The -\b-a\ba and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary op-
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ operators listed in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b) under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bS-\b-
+ S\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the result of the expression is the result of the
+ binary test using the first and third arguments as oper-
+ ands. The -\b-a\ba and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary op-
erators when there are three arguments. If the first ar-
- gument is !\b!, the value is the negation of the two-argu-
- ment test using the second and third arguments. If the
+ gument is !\b!, the value is the negation of the two-argu-
+ ment test using the second and third arguments. If the
first argument is exactly (\b( and the third argument is ex-
- actly )\b), the result is the one-argument test of the sec-
+ actly )\b), the result is the one-argument test of the sec-
ond argument. Otherwise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
- arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
- third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
- the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
- argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ arguments. the two-argument test using the second and
+ third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (\b( and
+ the fourth argument is exactly )\b), the result is the two-
+ argument test of the second and third arguments. Other-
wise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is a command that is read and executed when the shell
receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is the null string the signal specified by
- each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in-
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is the null string the signal specified by
+ each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in-
vokes.
- If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
+ If no arguments are supplied, t\btr\bra\bap\bp displays the actions associ-
ated with each trapped signal as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands that can
- be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
- tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
- displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
+ be reused as shell input to restore the current signal disposi-
+ tions. If -\b-p\bp is given, and _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not present, then t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+ displays the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or, if none
are supplied, for all trapped signals, as a set of t\btr\bra\bap\bp commands
- that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
- dispositions. The -\b-P\bP option behaves similarly, but displays
- only the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. -\b-P\bP re-
- quires at least one _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. The -\b-P\bP or -\b-p\bp options to
- t\btr\bra\bap\bp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub-
- stitution) and, as long as they are used before t\btr\bra\bap\bp is used to
- change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par-
+ that can be reused as shell input to restore the current signal
+ dispositions. The -\b-P\bP option behaves similarly, but displays
+ only the actions associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. -\b-P\bP re-
+ quires at least one _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument. The -\b-P\bP or -\b-p\bp options to
+ t\btr\bra\bap\bp may be used in a subshell environment (e.g., command sub-
+ stitution) and, as long as they are used before t\btr\bra\bap\bp is used to
+ change a signal's handling, will display the state of its par-
ent's traps.
- The -\b-l\bl option causes t\btr\bra\bap\bp to print a list of signal names and
- their corresponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal
- name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names
+ The -\b-l\bl option causes t\btr\bra\bap\bp to print a list of signal names and
+ their corresponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal
+ name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names
are case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is
executed before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, (( arithmetic command, [[ conditional command,
arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
- a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). Refer to the
- description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for de-
- tails of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN,
- the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed each time a shell function or a
- script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes execut-
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b)). Refer to the
+ description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for de-
+ tails of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN,
+ the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed each time a shell function or a
+ script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins finishes execut-
ing.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed whenever a
pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
- the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
+ the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command
- following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
- last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
+ last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
!\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) op-
tion.
When the shell is not interactive, signals ignored upon entry to
the shell cannot be trapped or reset. Interactive shells permit
trapping signals ignored on entry. Trapped signals that are not
- being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
- or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
+ being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell
+ or subshell environment when one is created. The return status
is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\btr\bru\bue\be Does nothing, returns a 0 status.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not found, then nothing is printed, and t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns a non-zero
- exit status. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
- name of the executable file that would be found by searching
- $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified as a command name, or nothing if
- ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, even if ``type -t name'' would not
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or executable disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not found, then nothing is printed, and t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns a non-zero
+ exit status. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ name of the executable file that would be found by searching
+ $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified as a command name, or nothing if
+ ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, even if ``type -t name'' would not
return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed
- value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places
- that contain a command named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases, re-
- served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op-
+ value, which is not necessarily the file that appears first in
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places
+ that contain a command named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases, re-
+ served words, functions, and builtins, but the path search op-
tions (-\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP) can be supplied to restrict the output to exe-
- cutable files. t\bty\byp\bpe\be does not consult the table of hashed com-
+ cutable files. t\bty\byp\bpe\be does not consult the table of hashed com-
mands when using -\b-a\ba with -\b-p\bp, and only performs a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell function lookup, as with
- the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if all of the arguments
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell function lookup, as with
+ the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if all of the arguments
are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] -\b-a\ba
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bS] [-\b-b\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPR\bRT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
- spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
+ spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is given.
- When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
- unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
+ When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
+ unit, if appropriate, are printed before the value. Other op-
tions are interpreted as follows:
-\b-a\ba All current limits are reported; no limits are set
-\b-b\bb The maximum socket buffer size
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-k\bk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-P\bP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
- -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
+ -\b-R\bR The maximum time a real-time process can run before
blocking, in microseconds
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
- new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
- then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
- for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
- which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
- -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
- -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
- unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-R\bR, which is in microseconds; -\b-p\bp,
+ which is in units of 512-byte blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and
+ -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values; and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and
+ -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte increments. The return status is 0
+ unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [-n\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
- is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
- has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
- Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
+ is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
+ has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
+ Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD,
- C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
- N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
+ N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
only or may not be unset.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [-\b-p\bp _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bi_\bd _\b._\b._\b.]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination
- status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
- a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
- background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
+ status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
+ a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
+ background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
its process id is the same as $\b$!\b!, and the return status is zero.
- If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
+ If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job from
the list of _\bi_\bds or, if no _\bi_\bds are supplied, any job, to complete
- and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
+ and returns its exit status. If none of the supplied arguments
is a child of the shell, or if no arguments are supplied and the
- shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
- the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
- job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
- variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
- will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
- only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
- when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
+ shell has no unwaited-for children, the exit status is 127. If
+ the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, the process or job identifier of the
+ job for which the exit status is returned is assigned to the
+ variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be named by the option argument. The variable
+ will be unset initially, before any assignment. This is useful
+ only when the -\b-n\bn option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option,
+ when job control is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to ter-
minate before returning its status, instead of returning when it
- changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
- the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
- the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
- S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b). Otherwise, the return status is the exit
+ changes status. If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job,
+ the return status is 127. If w\bwa\bai\bit\bt is interrupted by a signal,
+ the return status will be greater than 128, as described under
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS in _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b(_\b1_\b). Otherwise, the return status is the exit
status of the last process or job waited for.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bTI\bIB\bBI\bIL\bLI\bIT\bTY\bY M\bMO\bOD\bDE\bE
- Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
- fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
- ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
- level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
- sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
- scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
+ Bash-4.0 introduced the concept of a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bb_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by _\bl_\be_\bv_\be_\bl, speci-
+ fied as a set of options to the shopt builtin ( c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2,
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1, and so on). There is only one current compatibil-
+ ity level -- each option is mutually exclusive. The compatibility
+ level is intended to allow users to select behavior from previous ver-
+ sions that is incompatible with newer versions while they migrate
+ scripts to use current features and behavior. It's intended to be a
temporary solution.
- This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
- lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
- regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
+ This section does not mention behavior that is standard for a particu-
+ lar version (e.g., setting c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 means that quoting the rhs of the
+ regexp matching operator quotes special regexp characters in the word,
which is default behavior in bash-3.2 and subsequent versions).
- If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
- compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
- level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
- that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
- present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
- based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
+ If a user enables, say, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2, it may affect the behavior of other
+ compatibility levels up to and including the current compatibility
+ level. The idea is that each compatibility level controls behavior
+ that changed in that version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, but that behavior may have been
+ present in earlier versions. For instance, the change to use locale-
+ based comparisons with the [\b[[\b[ command came in bash-4.1, and earlier
versions used ASCII-based comparisons, so enabling c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2 will enable
- ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
- cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
- levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
+ ASCII-based comparisons as well. That granularity may not be suffi-
+ cient for all uses, and as a result users should employ compatibility
+ levels carefully. Read the documentation for a particular feature to
find out the current behavior.
- Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
+ Bash-4.3 introduced a new shell variable: B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT. The value as-
signed to this variable (a decimal version number like 4.2, or an inte-
- ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
+ ger corresponding to the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN option, like 42) determines the com-
patibility level.
- Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
- levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ Starting with bash-4.4, Bash has begun deprecating older compatibility
+ levels. Eventually, the options will be removed in favor of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
P\bPA\bAT\bT.
- Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
- shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
+ Bash-5.0 is the final version for which there will be an individual
+ shopt option for the previous version. Users should use B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT on
bash-5.0 and later versions.
- The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
+ The following table describes the behavior changes controlled by each
compatibility level setting. The c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN tag is used as shorthand for
setting the compatibility level to _\bN_\bN using one of the following mecha-
- nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
- set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
- later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
+ nisms. For versions prior to bash-5.0, the compatibility level may be
+ set using the corresponding c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt_\bN_\bN shopt option. For bash-4.3 and
+ later versions, the B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT variable is preferred, and it is re-
quired for bash-5.1 and later versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
ator (=~) has no special effect
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
- +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
- the execution of the next command in the list (in
- bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
- ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
+ +\bo interrupting a command list such as "a ; b ; c" causes
+ the execution of the next command in the list (in
+ bash-4.0 and later versions, the shell acts as if it re-
+ ceived the interrupt, so interrupting one command in a
list aborts the execution of the entire list)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
- +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
+ +\bo the <\b< and >\b> operators to the [\b[[\b[ command do not consider
the current locale when comparing strings; they use ASCII
ordering. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col-
- lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
+ lation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current
locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
+ +\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by options and still
be recognized as a reserved word (this is POSIX interpre-
tation 267)
+\bo in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, the parser requires that an even number of
- single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
- quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
- that characters within the single quotes are considered
+ single quotes occur in the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-
+ quoted parameter expansion and treats them specially, so
+ that characters within the single quotes are considered
quoted (this is POSIX interpretation 221)
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
+\bo the replacement string in double-quoted pattern substitu-
- tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
+ tion does not undergo quote removal, as it does in ver-
sions after bash-4.2
- +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
- expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
- expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
- other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
- tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
+ +\bo in posix mode, single quotes are considered special when
+ expanding the _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd portion of a double-quoted parameter
+ expansion and can be used to quote a closing brace or
+ other special character (this is part of POSIX interpre-
+ tation 221); in later versions, single quotes are not
special within double-quoted word expansions
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
- +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
- is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
- ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
+ +\bo the shell does not print a warning message if an attempt
+ is made to use a quoted compound assignment as an argu-
+ ment to declare (e.g., declare -a foo='(1 2)'). Later
versions warn that this usage is deprecated
- +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
- that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
- mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
+ +\bo word expansion errors are considered non-fatal errors
+ that cause the current command to fail, even in posix
+ mode (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors
that cause the shell to exit)
- +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
+ +\bo when executing a shell function, the loop state
(while/until/etc.) is not reset, so b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in
that function will break or continue loops in the calling
- context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
+ context. Bash-4.4 and later reset the loop state to pre-
vent this
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
+ +\bo the shell sets up the values used by B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV and
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC so they can expand to the shell's positional
parameters even if extended debugging mode is not enabled
- +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
- b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
- Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
+ +\bo a subshell inherits loops from its parent context, so
+ b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be will cause the subshell to exit.
+ Bash-5.0 and later reset the loop state to prevent the
exit
- +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ +\bo variable assignments preceding builtins like e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by that set attributes continue to affect variables
with the same name in the calling environment even if the
shell is not in posix mode
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b50\b0
- +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
+ +\bo Bash-5.1 changed the way $\b$R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is generated to intro-
duce slightly more randomness. If the shell compatibility
- level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
- from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
- dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
+ level is set to 50 or lower, it reverts to the method
+ from bash-5.0 and previous versions, so seeding the ran-
+ dom number generator by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM will
produce the same sequence as in bash-5.0
- +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
- to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
- fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
- input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
+ +\bo If the command hash table is empty, bash versions prior
+ to bash-5.1 printed an informational message to that ef-
+ fect, even when producing output that can be reused as
+ input. Bash-5.1 suppresses that message when the -\b-l\bl op-
tion is supplied.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt5\b51\b1
- +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
- scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
- ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
+ +\bo The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin treats attempts to unset array sub-
+ scripts @\b@ and *\b* differently depending on whether the ar-
+ ray is indexed or associative, and differently than in
previous versions.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
*
* A heuristic: if the conversion failed, but the argument appears to
* contain a GNU-like interval specifier (e.g. "1m30s"), try to parse
- * it. If we can't, return the right exit code to tell
- * execute_builtin to try and execute a disk command instead.
+ * it. If we can't, it's an error.
*/
if (r == 0 && (strchr ("dhms", *ep) || strpbrk (list->word->word, "dhms")))
r = parse_gnutimefmt (list->word->word, &sec, &usec);
if (filename_len == 0)
{
if (_rl_match_hidden_files == 0 && HIDDEN_FILE (convfn))
- continue;
+ {
+ if (convfn != dentry)
+ xfree (convfn);
+ continue;
+ }
if (convfn[0] != '.' ||
(convfn[1] && (convfn[1] != '.' || convfn[2])))
break;
}
- else
- {
- if (complete_fncmp (convfn, convlen, filename, filename_len))
- break;
- }
+ else if (complete_fncmp (convfn, convlen, filename, filename_len))
+ break;
+ else if (convfn != dentry)
+ xfree (convfn);
}
if (entry == 0)
/* List the file(s) named in arg. */
int
-com_list (arg)
- char *arg;
+com_list (char *arg)
{
if (!arg)
arg = "";
}
int
-com_view (arg)
- char *arg;
+com_view (char *arg)
{
if (!valid_argument ("view", arg))
return 1;
}
int
-com_rename (arg)
- char *arg;
+com_rename (char *arg)
{
too_dangerous ("rename");
return (1);
}
int
-com_stat (arg)
- char *arg;
+com_stat (char *arg)
{
struct stat finfo;
}
int
-com_delete (arg)
- char *arg;
+com_delete (char *arg)
{
too_dangerous ("delete");
return (1);
/* Print out help for ARG, or for all of the commands if ARG is
not present. */
int
-com_help (arg)
- char *arg;
+com_help (char *arg)
{
register int i;
int printed = 0;
/* Change to the directory ARG. */
int
-com_cd (arg)
- char *arg;
+com_cd (char *arg)
{
if (chdir (arg) == -1)
{
/* Print out the current working directory. */
int
-com_pwd (ignore)
- char *ignore;
+com_pwd (char *ignore)
{
char dir[1024], *s;
/* The user wishes to quit using this program. Just set DONE non-zero. */
int
-com_quit (arg)
- char *arg;
+com_quit (char *arg)
{
done = 1;
return (0);
/* Function which tells you that you can't do this. */
void
-too_dangerous (caller)
- char *caller;
+too_dangerous (char *caller)
{
fprintf (stderr,
"%s: Too dangerous for me to distribute. Write it yourself.\n",
/* Return non-zero if ARG is a valid argument for CALLER, else print
an error message and return zero. */
int
-valid_argument (caller, arg)
- char *caller, *arg;
+valid_argument (char *caller, char *arg)
{
if (!arg || !*arg)
{
# include "stat-time.h"
#endif
+#include "error.h"
+
/* A version of `alarm' using setitimer if it's available. */
#if defined (HAVE_SETITIMER)
unsigned int
-falarm(unsigned int secs, unsigned int usecs)
+falarm (unsigned int secs, unsigned int usecs)
{
struct itimerval it, oit;
/* A version of sleep using fractional seconds and select. I'd like to use
`usleep', but it's already taken */
+#if defined (HAVE_NANOSLEEP)
+static int
+nsleep (unsigned int sec, unsigned int usec)
+{
+ int r;
+ struct timespec req, rem;
+
+ req.tv_sec = sec;
+ req.tv_nsec = usec * 1000;
+
+ for (;;)
+ {
+ QUIT;
+ r = nanosleep (&req, &rem);
+ if (r == 0 || errno != EINTR)
+ return r;
+ req = rem;
+ }
+ return r;
+}
+#endif
+
#if defined (HAVE_TIMEVAL) && (defined (HAVE_SELECT) || defined (HAVE_PSELECT))
-int
-fsleep(unsigned int sec, unsigned int usec)
+static int
+ssleep (unsigned int sec, unsigned int usec)
{
int e, r;
sigset_t blocked_sigs;
-#if defined (HAVE_PSELECT)
+# if defined (HAVE_PSELECT)
struct timespec ts;
-#else
+# else
sigset_t prevmask;
struct timeval tv;
-#endif
+# endif
sigemptyset (&blocked_sigs);
# if defined (SIGCHLD)
sigaddset (&blocked_sigs, SIGCHLD);
# endif
-#if defined (HAVE_PSELECT)
+# if defined (HAVE_PSELECT)
ts.tv_sec = sec;
ts.tv_nsec = usec * 1000;
-#else
+# else
sigemptyset (&prevmask);
tv.tv_sec = sec;
tv.tv_usec = usec;
-#endif /* !HAVE_PSELECT */
+# endif /* !HAVE_PSELECT */
do
{
-#if defined (HAVE_PSELECT)
+# if defined (HAVE_PSELECT)
r = pselect(0, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &ts, &blocked_sigs);
-#else
+# else
sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &blocked_sigs, &prevmask);
r = select(0, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &tv);
sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &prevmask, NULL);
-#endif
+# endif
e = errno;
if (r < 0 && errno == EINTR)
- return -1; /* caller will handle */
+ return -1; /* caller will handle XXX - QUIT;? */
errno = e;
}
while (r < 0 && errno == EINTR);
return r;
}
-#else /* !HAVE_TIMEVAL || !HAVE_SELECT */
-int
-fsleep(unsigned int sec, unsigned int usec)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_SELECT)
+static int
+ancientsleep(unsigned int sec, unsigned int usec)
{
if (usec >= 500000) /* round */
sec++;
return (sleep(sec));
}
+#endif
+
+int
+fsleep(unsigned int sec, unsigned int usec)
+{
+#if defined (HAVE_NANOSLEEP)
+ return (nsleep (sec, usec));
+#elif defined (HAVE_TIMEVAL) && (defined (HAVE_SELECT) || defined (HAVE_PSELECT))
+ return (ssleep (sec, usec));
+#else /* !HAVE_TIMEVAL || !HAVE_SELECT */
+ return (ancientsleep (sec, usec));
#endif /* !HAVE_TIMEVAL || !HAVE_SELECT */
+}
#: bashline.c:4637
#, c-format
msgid "%s: first non-whitespace character is not `\"'"
-msgstr "%s: prvi nebijeli znak nije „\"“"
+msgstr "%s: prvi ne bijeli znak nije „\"“"
#: bashline.c:4666
#, c-format
#: eval.c:243
msgid "\atimed out waiting for input: auto-logout\n"
-msgstr "\avrijeme čekanja na ulaz je isteklo: automatska-odjava\n"
+msgstr "\atimed out, čekanje na ulaz je isteklo: auto-logout, automatska-odjava\n"
#: execute_cmd.c:555
#, c-format
#: expr.c:478
msgid "syntax error in expression"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška u izrazu"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška u izrazu"
#: expr.c:522
msgid "attempted assignment to non-variable"
#: expr.c:531
msgid "syntax error in variable assignment"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška u dodjeljivanju varijabli"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška u dodjeljivanju varijabli"
#: expr.c:545 expr.c:912
msgid "division by 0"
#: expr.c:1108 expr.c:1492
msgid "syntax error: operand expected"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška: očekivan je operand"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška: očekivan je operand"
#: expr.c:1494
msgid "syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška: nevaljan aritmetički operator"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška: nevaljan aritmetički operator"
#: expr.c:1518
#, c-format
#: make_cmd.c:314
msgid "syntax error: arithmetic expression required"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška: nužan je aritmetički izraz"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška: nužan je aritmetički izraz"
#: make_cmd.c:316
msgid "syntax error: `;' unexpected"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška: neočekivan „;“ znak"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška: neočekivan „;“ znak"
#: make_cmd.c:317
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error: `((%s))'"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška: „((%s))“"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška: „((%s))“"
#: make_cmd.c:569
#, c-format
#: parse.y:4457
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška u uvjetnom izrazu: neočekivan simbol „%s“"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška u uvjetnom izrazu: neočekivan simbol „%s“"
#: parse.y:4461
msgid "syntax error in conditional expression"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška u uvjetnom izrazu"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška u uvjetnom izrazu"
#: parse.y:4539
#, c-format
#: parse.y:6118
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error near unexpected token `%s'"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška blizu neočekivanog simbola „%s“"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška blizu neočekivanog simbola „%s“"
#: parse.y:6137
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error near `%s'"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška blizu „%s“"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška blizu „%s“"
#: parse.y:6151
msgid "syntax error: unexpected end of file"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška: neočekivani kraj datoteke"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška: neočekivani kraj datoteke"
#: parse.y:6151
msgid "syntax error"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška"
#: parse.y:6216
#, c-format
#: test.c:914
#, c-format
msgid "syntax error: `%s' unexpected"
-msgstr "sintaktična greška: neočekivan „%s“"
+msgstr "sintaktička greška: neočekivan „%s“"
#: trap.c:220
msgid "invalid signal number"
msgid "complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]"
msgstr ""
"complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o OPCIJA] [-A AKCIJA] [-C NAREDBA]\n"
-" [-F FUNCIJA] [-G GLOB_UZORAK] [-P PREFIKS] [-S SUFIKS]\n"
+" [-F FUNKCIJA] [-G GLOB_UZORAK] [-P PREFIKS] [-S SUFIKS]\n"
" [-W POPIS_RIJEČI] [-X FILTAR_UZORAKA] [IME...]"
#: builtins.c:235
msgstr ""
"Prikaže i postavlja „Readline“ prečace (key binding) i varijable.\n"
"\n"
-" Veže sekvenciju tipki (key sequence, prečac) na „Readline“\n"
-" funkciju ili na makro ili na „Readline“ varijablu. Sintaksa za argumente\n"
+" Veže sekvenciju tipki (key sequence, prečac) na „Readline“ funkciju\n"
+" ili na makronaredbe ili na „Readline“ varijablu. Sintaksa za argumente\n"
" koji nisu opcija je ista kao za ~/.inputrc, ali moraju biti proslijeđeni\n"
" kao jedan argument; primjer: bind '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'\n"
"\n"
" koji se može iskoristiti kao ulaz\n"
" -r PREČAC razveže PREČAC (ukloni sekvenciju tipki za prečac)\n"
" -q FUNKCIJA ispita i ispiše tipke koje pozivaju tu FUNKCIJU\n"
-" -S izlista prečace (sekvencije tipki) koje pozivaju makroe\n"
-" s njihovim vrijednostima\n"
-" -s ispiše sekvencije tipki poje pozivaju makroe s\n"
+" -S izlista prečace (sekvencije tipki) koje pozivaju\n"
+" makronaredbe s njihovim vrijednostima\n"
+" -s ispiše sekvencije tipki koje pozivaju makronaredbe s\n"
" njihovim vrijednostima u obliku koji se može\n"
" iskoristiti kao ulaz\n"
" -u FUNKCIJA razveže sve prečace vezane na tu FUNKCIJU\n"
" kao regularni izraz.\n"
"\n"
" Operatori „&&“ i „|| ne vrednuju IZRAZ2 ako je IZRAZ1 dovoljan za\n"
-" određivanje konačnog rezurlata.\n"
+" određivanje konačnog rezulata.\n"
"\n"
" Završi s uspjehom ili 1 ovisno o IZRAZU."
do_compound_assignment (const char *name, char *value, int flags)
{
SHELL_VAR *v;
- int mklocal, mkassoc, mkglobal, chklocal;
+ int mklocal, mkassoc, mkglobal, chklocal, r;
WORD_LIST *list;
char *newname; /* used for local nameref references */
else if (v == 0 || (array_p (v) == 0 && assoc_p (v) == 0) || v->context != variable_context)
v = make_local_array_variable (newname, 0);
if (v)
- assign_compound_array_list (v, list, flags);
+ r = assign_compound_array_list (v, list, flags);
if (list)
dispose_words (list);
+ if (r == 0) /* compound assignment error */
+ return ((SHELL_VAR *)0);
}
/* In a function but forcing assignment in global context. CHKLOCAL means to
check for an existing local variable first. */
else if (v && mkassoc == 0 && array_p (v) == 0)
v = convert_var_to_array (v);
if (v)
- assign_compound_array_list (v, list, flags);
+ r = assign_compound_array_list (v, list, flags);
if (list)
dispose_words (list);
+ if (r == 0) /* compound assignment error */
+ return ((SHELL_VAR *)0);
}
else
{
./array.tests: line 125: d[7]: cannot assign list to array member
./array.tests: line 127: []=abcde: bad array subscript
-./array.tests: line 127: [*]=last: cannot assign to non-numeric index
-./array.tests: line 127: [-65]=negative: bad array subscript
+./array.tests: line 128: [*]=last: cannot assign to non-numeric index
+./array.tests: line 129: [-65]=negative: bad array subscript
declare -a BASH_ARGC=()
declare -a BASH_ARGV=()
declare -a BASH_LINENO=([0]="0")
declare -a d=([1]="test test")
declare -a e=()
declare -a f=([0]="" [1]="bdef" [2]="hello world" [3]="test" [4]="ninth element")
-./array.tests: line 135: unset: ps1: not an array variable
-./array.tests: line 139: declare: c: cannot destroy array variables in this way
+./array.tests: line 137: unset: ps1: not an array variable
+./array.tests: line 141: declare: c: cannot destroy array variables in this way
this of
this is a test of read using arrays
this test
6 7 9 5
length = 3
value = new1 new2 new3
-./array.tests: line 255: narray: unbound variable
+./array.tests: line 257: narray: unbound variable
./array1.sub: line 1: syntax error near unexpected token `('
./array1.sub: line 1: `printf "%s\n" -a a=(a 'b c')'
./array2.sub: line 1: declare: `[]=asdf': not a valid identifier
12 14 16 18 20
4414758999202
aaa bbb
-./array.tests: line 305: syntax error near unexpected token `<>'
-./array.tests: line 305: `metas=( <> < > ! )'
-./array.tests: line 306: syntax error near unexpected token `<>'
-./array.tests: line 306: `metas=( [1]=<> [2]=< [3]=> [4]=! )'
+./array.tests: line 307: syntax error near unexpected token `<>'
+./array.tests: line 307: `metas=( <> < > ! )'
+./array.tests: line 308: syntax error near unexpected token `<>'
+./array.tests: line 308: `metas=( [1]=<> [2]=< [3]=> [4]=! )'
abc 3
case 4
abc case if then else 5
d[7]=(abdedfegeee)
d=([]=abcde [1]="test test" [*]=last [-65]=negative )
+d=([0]=abcde [1]="test test" [*]=last )
+d=([1]="test test" [-65]=negative )
unset d[12]
unset e[*]
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
