.. note:: Case of Enum Members
- Because Enums are used to represent constants we recommend using
- UPPER_CASE names for members, and will be using that style in our examples.
+ Because Enums are used to represent constants, and to help avoid issues
+ with name clashes between mixin-class methods/attributes and enum names,
+ we strongly recommend using UPPER_CASE names for members, and will be using
+ that style in our examples.
Depending on the nature of the enum a member's value may or may not be
important, but either way that value can be used to get the corresponding
Use the :func:`!dataclass` argument ``repr=False``
to use the standard :func:`repr`.
+.. versionchanged:: 3.12
+ Only the dataclass fields are shown in the value area, not the dataclass'
+ name.
+
Pickling
--------
Enum members are instances of their enum class, and are normally accessed as
``EnumClass.member``. In certain situations, such as writing custom enum
behavior, being able to access one member directly from another is useful,
-and is supported.
+and is supported; however, in order to avoid name clashes between member names
+and attributes/methods from mixed-in classes, upper-case names are strongly
+recommended.
.. versionchanged:: 3.5
:func:`~enum.property`
Allows :class:`Enum` members to have attributes without conflicting with
- member names.
+ member names. The ``value`` and ``name`` attributes are implemented this
+ way.
:func:`unique`
final *enum*, as well as creating the enum members, properly handling
duplicates, providing iteration over the enum class, etc.
- .. method:: EnumType.__call__(cls, value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)
+ .. method:: EnumType.__call__(cls, value, names=None, \*, module=None, qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)
This method is called in two different ways:
>>> PowersOfThree.SECOND.value
9
- .. method:: Enum.__init_subclass__(cls, **kwds)
+ .. method:: Enum.__init_subclass__(cls, \**kwds)
A *classmethod* that is used to further configure subsequent subclasses.
By default, does nothing.
"""
member = None
+ _attr_type = None
+ _cls_type = None
def __get__(self, instance, ownerclass=None):
if instance is None:
raise AttributeError(
'%r has no attribute %r' % (ownerclass, self.name)
)
- else:
- if self.fget is None:
- # look for a member by this name.
- try:
- return ownerclass._member_map_[self.name]
- except KeyError:
- raise AttributeError(
- '%r has no attribute %r' % (ownerclass, self.name)
- ) from None
- else:
- return self.fget(instance)
+ if self.fget is not None:
+ # use previous enum.property
+ return self.fget(instance)
+ elif self._attr_type == 'attr':
+ # look up previous attibute
+ return getattr(self._cls_type, self.name)
+ elif self._attr_type == 'desc':
+ # use previous descriptor
+ return getattr(instance._value_, self.name)
+ # look for a member by this name.
+ try:
+ return ownerclass._member_map_[self.name]
+ except KeyError:
+ raise AttributeError(
+ '%r has no attribute %r' % (ownerclass, self.name)
+ ) from None
def __set__(self, instance, value):
- if self.fset is None:
- raise AttributeError(
- "<enum %r> cannot set attribute %r" % (self.clsname, self.name)
- )
- else:
+ if self.fset is not None:
return self.fset(instance, value)
+ raise AttributeError(
+ "<enum %r> cannot set attribute %r" % (self.clsname, self.name)
+ )
def __delete__(self, instance):
- if self.fdel is None:
- raise AttributeError(
- "<enum %r> cannot delete attribute %r" % (self.clsname, self.name)
- )
- else:
+ if self.fdel is not None:
return self.fdel(instance)
+ raise AttributeError(
+ "<enum %r> cannot delete attribute %r" % (self.clsname, self.name)
+ )
def __set_name__(self, ownerclass, name):
self.name = name
enum_class._member_names_.append(member_name)
# if necessary, get redirect in place and then add it to _member_map_
found_descriptor = None
+ descriptor_type = None
+ class_type = None
for base in enum_class.__mro__[1:]:
- descriptor = base.__dict__.get(member_name)
- if descriptor is not None:
- if isinstance(descriptor, (property, DynamicClassAttribute)):
- found_descriptor = descriptor
+ attr = base.__dict__.get(member_name)
+ if attr is not None:
+ if isinstance(attr, (property, DynamicClassAttribute)):
+ found_descriptor = attr
+ class_type = base
+ descriptor_type = 'enum'
break
- elif (
- hasattr(descriptor, 'fget') and
- hasattr(descriptor, 'fset') and
- hasattr(descriptor, 'fdel')
- ):
- found_descriptor = descriptor
+ elif _is_descriptor(attr):
+ found_descriptor = attr
+ descriptor_type = descriptor_type or 'desc'
+ class_type = class_type or base
continue
+ else:
+ descriptor_type = 'attr'
+ class_type = base
if found_descriptor:
redirect = property()
redirect.member = enum_member
redirect.__set_name__(enum_class, member_name)
- # earlier descriptor found; copy fget, fset, fdel to this one.
- redirect.fget = found_descriptor.fget
- redirect.fset = found_descriptor.fset
- redirect.fdel = found_descriptor.fdel
+ if descriptor_type in ('enum','desc'):
+ # earlier descriptor found; copy fget, fset, fdel to this one.
+ redirect.fget = getattr(found_descriptor, 'fget', None)
+ redirect._get = getattr(found_descriptor, '__get__', None)
+ redirect.fset = getattr(found_descriptor, 'fset', None)
+ redirect._set = getattr(found_descriptor, '__set__', None)
+ redirect.fdel = getattr(found_descriptor, 'fdel', None)
+ redirect._del = getattr(found_descriptor, '__delete__', None)
+ redirect._attr_type = descriptor_type
+ redirect._cls_type = class_type
setattr(enum_class, member_name, redirect)
else:
setattr(enum_class, member_name, enum_member)